{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.JQ7ISUjs/b1/grub2_2.12-3_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.JQ7ISUjs/b2/grub2_2.12-3_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n ddab24c45df13548b988044254e8eff4 11630232 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 20cd1657b7df9bfb5c49b2ba83546eda 2884144 admin optional grub-common_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- a2efda10d3cb0480873091957db616e0 642816 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 2770cafe6c9ec5e61706010756df81ce 642796 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 2324b8fb30509d9b84ab4af1c3454c76 2945296 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n aa2332449e81833984e4c74e2ca96c7d 45864 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 56708fb8bd71b0da1c703b14dc1ec6dc 1047600 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 9f32ef12e1ba64464daae101e013809a 1047836 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n c2e18e1f6a9491b8a7c8be21f281ddcb 3667220 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 73f1fd1cd6a687ed10161344f00e8415 316224 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 9a9ddd1b53ddbe49b247dda67bb87a2a 1357892 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ cd8788a8a4d665b23535802b571cd300 1357916 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 06238e40fb9c589df53c98ee73d0aadd 45892 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- dc1653c12a4142eb78329b2b5d0c882d 686228 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 34374522711525ae48c9dbbf90c59684 686304 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n f634aa7a444b08fe8d23b1052c5cea53 3317008 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 4528e01fb780af8cfcf95d1d030011ed 1320816 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 4d63b71b7e8f7a1bde4c5a04f21130a0 1320768 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n a64e641ae680e59280df14b631f99051 45904 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n f60a6854640a4c10d50c740293992e79 2376 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 0abb594313b172f61f7556b0c67f6d1e 2796712 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n fa8487fbb5cb096a8d40d8ac384f3796 34612 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 84c298df0ee39a04bc8999d10066c214 3043336 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 4eb8b986ff18a5401845cf78ec90df9f 920656 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- b10582e27ed10aa4527678c6b24526f5 630180 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 7e3136d2fad3d746250852a7dee36348 3043264 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ d1e9a7e62facbb56b3891dbfbbf3123f 920660 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ b59a63946e4cb84ef19c3d7f64abfb23 630168 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n e40b8382ebf668ba3942fb986681fadb 2910704 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 541c43f262cb90e304716a6759802835 45880 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n c6ef3ef26785179c8ec3fffcd6f26e8b 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n bce23d0a8519aead89d5b720e0ab7e44 431808 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-3_amd64.udeb\n 9f18b0487b397f26eeda50539d16396c 1219080 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 5b1f6424c72a7bd7f9b96d9bd571058d 1009392 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 6209b4bfd121c29af9f7907b2f66729a 1009428 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 37e12f5dc091fa6ec70beaa38e93028f 3169960 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 4faff201948ed17ea5e07d5c5e406463 136640 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 74c7eab50fbc55480e5da012dbf3c2fe 2631816 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ cc14d9529e9c3f045d7d24da90a4e911 2632528 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 66d49fc6900293e3a07a2d9773ab90a6 2156360 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- 6cbd54b839e9f0ae37ea77cb92e807fe 1031820 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 206285b89df943f2e9e9795a98b93ec8 1031648 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 0873459f5d24cc5c7070d46412f4ad15 7502776 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- bfa5b412294c20ae30bf4297004b671c 1326416 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ 70002c704cf2281d8c19a2bb920cee7c 1326384 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n a9e96b3002ed4876bf6aabfc9bd8c0df 45820 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 4bd1bf3e64f28d573ab2264490d629bb 1576176 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n- e1c42513fba05a1f889453e868517111 635264 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n+ e3e7988a2f0138e23f6f455ad81f473d 635292 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n 5918f667ec7f5cc082225501334e164a 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-3_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635196 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635176 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5844 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13868 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15096 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 620.3 KiB (635196 B)\n+ Compressed size: 620.3 KiB (635176 B)\n Uncompressed size: 2050.0 KiB (2099200 B)\n Ratio: 0.303\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 635196 2099200 0.303 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 635176 2099200 0.303 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 635156 2099200 0.303 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 635136 2099200 0.303 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8148 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1039260 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1039496 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9128 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2561 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 25024 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1014.9 KiB (1039260 B)\n+ Compressed size: 1015.1 KiB (1039496 B)\n Uncompressed size: 3350.0 KiB (3430400 B)\n Ratio: 0.303\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1039260 3430400 0.303 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1039496 3430400 0.303 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1039220 3430400 0.303 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1039456 3430400 0.303 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1356464 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1356488 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -764565,16 +764565,16 @@\n 232088:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 232089:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208b:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23208f:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 232095:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232097:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 23209a:\tpush %rdi\n- 23209b:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23209a:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23209b:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 23209d:\tadd %ah,%al\n 23209f:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 232cb6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232cb8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 232cba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 232cbc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -769919,16 +769919,16 @@\n 23667f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236681:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236683:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 236686:\tor $0x0,%al\n 236688:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23668e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23668f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23668e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23668f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 236691:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2372f8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2372fa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2372fc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2372fe:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237300:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -769921,16 +769921,16 @@\n 23667f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236681:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 236683:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 236686:\tor $0x0,%al\n 236688:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23668c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23668e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23668f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23668e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23668f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 236691:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 2372f8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 2372fa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2372fc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 2372fe:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237300:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -875665,16 +875665,16 @@\n 2888a2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888a4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888a6:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 2888a7:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 2888aa:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888ac:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2888ae:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 2888b0:\tpush %rdi\n- 2888b1:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 2888b0:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 2888b1:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 2888b3:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 2895f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2895f7:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 2895f9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2895fb:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 2895fd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1324.7 KiB (1356464 B)\n+ Compressed size: 1324.7 KiB (1356488 B)\n Uncompressed size: 9450.0 KiB (9676800 B)\n Ratio: 0.140\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1356464 9676800 0.140 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1356488 9676800 0.140 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1356424 9676800 0.140 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1356448 9676800 0.140 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7872 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678164 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7876 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 678236 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 7872 B\n+ Compressed size: 7876 B\n Uncompressed size: 30.0 KiB (30720 B)\n Ratio: 0.256\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 7872 30720 0.256 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 7876 30720 0.256 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 7836 30720 0.255 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 7840 30720 0.255 CRC64\n"}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3740 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3904 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6836 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2604 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2364 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16160 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 662.3 KiB (678164 B)\n+ Compressed size: 662.3 KiB (678236 B)\n Uncompressed size: 2240.0 KiB (2293760 B)\n Ratio: 0.296\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 678164 2293760 0.296 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 678236 2293760 0.296 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 678124 2293760 0.296 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 678196 2293760 0.296 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1232 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1319392 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1319340 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1232 B\n+ Compressed size: 1236 B\n Uncompressed size: 10.0 KiB (10240 B)\n- Ratio: 0.120\n+ Ratio: 0.121\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1232 10240 0.120 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1236 10240 0.121 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1196 10240 0.117 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1200 10240 0.117 CRC64\n"}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115513,15 +115513,15 @@\n 001c3380: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 ....unicode.pf2.\n 001c3390: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 001c33a0: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 ...fonts........\n 001c33b0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 grub.cfg........\n 001c33c0: 0000 ec00 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c33d0: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c33e0: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c33f0: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ..............W.\n+001c33f0: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ................\n 001c3400: 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3410: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3420: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3430: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3440: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3450: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3460: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135114,15 +135114,15 @@\n 0020fc90: 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 ................\n 0020fca0: 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ..8.............\n 0020fcb0: 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e ........unicode.\n 0020fcc0: 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 0020fcd0: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 .......fonts..l.\n 0020fce0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 ................\n 0020fcf0: 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ................\n-0020fd00: 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 W...............\n+0020fd00: ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020fd70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116233,15 +116233,15 @@\n 001c6080: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c6090: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c60a0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c60b0: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c60c0: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c60d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c60e0: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c60f0: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c60f0: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c6100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6140: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6160: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116233,15 +116233,15 @@\n 001c6080: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c6090: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c60a0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c60b0: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c60c0: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c60d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c60e0: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c60f0: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c60f0: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c6100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6140: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6160: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1288.5 KiB (1319392 B)\n+ Compressed size: 1288.4 KiB (1319340 B)\n Uncompressed size: 7620.0 KiB (7802880 B)\n Ratio: 0.169\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1319392 7802880 0.169 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1319340 7802880 0.169 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1319352 7802880 0.169 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1319300 7802880 0.169 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6252 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3036892 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3036820 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39768 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44776 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39632 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44088 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 43976 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2375 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2373 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 330944 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23160 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11744 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 596104 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32088 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74304 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1028144 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 2965.7 KiB (3036892 B)\n+ Compressed size: 2965.6 KiB (3036820 B)\n Uncompressed size: 14.5 MiB (15226880 B)\n Ratio: 0.199\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 3036892 15226880 0.199 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 3036820 15226880 0.199 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 3036852 15226880 0.199 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 3036780 15226880 0.199 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1180 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 919284 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 919288 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "source2": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -111564,27 +111564,27 @@\n 001b3cb0: 2800 0062 6f6f 742f 0000 0000 0000 0000 (..boot/........\n 001b3cc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3cd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3ce0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3cf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d10: 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3037 3535 0030 .......0000755.0\n-001b3d20: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 002127.0002127.0\n-001b3d30: 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 3436 3232 0000000000.14622\n-001b3d40: 3132 3030 3035 0030 3132 3334 3700 2035 120005.012347. 5\n+001b3d20: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 004256.0004256.0\n+001b3d30: 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 3530 3235 0000000000.15025\n+001b3d40: 3333 3334 3537 0030 3132 3430 3200 2035 333457.012402. 5\n 001b3d50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3d90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3da0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3db0: 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 ....ustar .pbui\n-001b3dc0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b3dc0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b3dd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 ............pbui\n-001b3de0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b3de0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b3df0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3e50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -111596,27 +111596,27 @@\n 001b3eb0: 0000 0062 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f00 0000 ...boot/grub/...\n 001b3ec0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3ed0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3ee0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3ef0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f10: 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3037 3535 0030 .......0000755.0\n-001b3f20: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 002127.0002127.0\n-001b3f30: 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 3436 3232 0000000000.14622\n-001b3f40: 3132 3030 3035 0030 3133 3330 3600 2035 120005.013306. 5\n+001b3f20: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 004256.0004256.0\n+001b3f30: 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 3530 3235 0000000000.15025\n+001b3f40: 3333 3334 3537 0030 3133 3334 3100 2035 333457.013341. 5\n 001b3f50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3f90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b3fb0: 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 ....ustar .pbui\n-001b3fc0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b3fc0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b3fd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 ............pbui\n-001b3fe0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b3fe0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b3ff0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4010: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -111628,27 +111628,27 @@\n 001b40b0: 0000 0062 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ...boot/grub/gru\n 001b40c0: 622e 6366 6700 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 b.cfg...........\n 001b40d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b40e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b40f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4110: 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3036 3434 0030 .......0000644.0\n-001b4120: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 002127.0002127.0\n-001b4130: 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 3436 3232 0000001242.14622\n-001b4140: 3132 3030 3035 0030 3134 3732 3500 2030 120005.014725. 0\n+001b4120: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 004256.0004256.0\n+001b4130: 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 3530 3235 0000001242.15025\n+001b4140: 3333 3334 3537 0030 3134 3736 3000 2030 333457.014760. 0\n 001b4150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4160: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4170: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4180: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4190: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b41a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b41b0: 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 7062 7569 ....ustar .pbui\n-001b41c0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b41c0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b41d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7062 7569 ............pbui\n-001b41e0: 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder1...........\n+001b41e0: 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 lder2...........\n 001b41f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4200: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4230: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b4250: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 897.7 KiB (919284 B)\n+ Compressed size: 897.7 KiB (919288 B)\n Uncompressed size: 2150.0 KiB (2201600 B)\n Ratio: 0.418\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 919284 2201600 0.418 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 919288 2201600 0.418 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 919244 2201600 0.418 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 919248 2201600 0.418 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7408 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 622580 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 622568 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5828 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14688 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2708 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 608.0 KiB (622580 B)\n+ Compressed size: 608.0 KiB (622568 B)\n Uncompressed size: 2020.0 KiB (2068480 B)\n Ratio: 0.301\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 622580 2068480 0.301 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 622568 2068480 0.301 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 622544 2068480 0.301 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 622532 2068480 0.301 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8428 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000772 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000808 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8520 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5786 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2623 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14896 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15932 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 977.3 KiB (1000772 B)\n+ Compressed size: 977.4 KiB (1000808 B)\n Uncompressed size: 3220.0 KiB (3297280 B)\n Ratio: 0.304\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1000772 3297280 0.304 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1000808 3297280 0.304 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1000732 3297280 0.304 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1000768 3297280 0.304 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1020 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2630604 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2631316 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 May 18 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jun 20 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 May 18 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 Jun 20 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7812 May 18 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10604 May 18 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 May 18 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5584 May 18 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6028 May 18 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1492 May 18 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15616 May 18 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 May 18 2024 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2936 May 18 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4140 May 18 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 May 18 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 May 18 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6736 May 18 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4628 May 18 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 May 18 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3604 May 18 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 May 18 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 May 18 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31160 May 18 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2252 May 18 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19616 May 18 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 May 18 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2852 May 18 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3860 May 18 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3340 May 18 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 May 18 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2772 May 18 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 May 18 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 May 18 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 May 18 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2224 May 18 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 May 18 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 May 18 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 May 18 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 May 18 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 May 18 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4896 May 18 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14636 May 18 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 May 18 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 May 18 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 May 18 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1716 May 18 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 May 18 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9868 May 18 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5560 May 18 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 May 18 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 May 18 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 May 18 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23720 May 18 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 May 18 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10912 May 18 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 May 18 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5728 May 18 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30949 May 18 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 May 18 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5872 May 18 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 May 18 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6052 May 18 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 May 18 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6452 May 18 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 May 18 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17140 May 18 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13512 May 18 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 May 18 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 May 18 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2924 May 18 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34168 May 18 2024 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 May 18 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8000 May 18 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33516 May 18 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16356 May 18 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10532 May 18 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19136 May 18 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 May 18 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 May 18 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3048 May 18 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 May 18 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 May 18 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 May 18 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8248 May 18 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 May 18 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14792 May 18 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17764 May 18 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8592 May 18 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4376 May 18 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7908 May 18 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12180 May 18 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36816 May 18 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24588 May 18 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25124 May 18 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5552 May 18 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4828 May 18 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 38952 May 18 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9892 May 18 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 May 18 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4912 May 18 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3716 May 18 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8752 May 18 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4640 May 18 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5168 May 18 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6512 May 18 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 May 18 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 May 18 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3072 May 18 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6924 May 18 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8104 May 18 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 May 18 2024 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 May 18 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 May 18 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2800 May 18 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9096 May 18 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6124 May 18 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7728 May 18 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4244 May 18 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4976 May 18 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 May 18 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6244 May 18 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14404 May 18 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30100 May 18 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13540 May 18 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 May 18 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5748 May 18 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 May 18 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3876 May 18 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 May 18 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 May 18 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4796 May 18 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3912 May 18 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14228 May 18 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8484 May 18 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4748 May 18 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 May 18 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7372 May 18 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 May 18 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 May 18 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 May 18 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1868 May 18 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1988 May 18 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2792 May 18 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 May 18 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3604 May 18 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 May 18 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 May 18 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3636 May 18 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3800 May 18 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 May 18 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8520 May 18 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5786 May 18 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2623 May 18 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 May 18 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27436 May 18 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 May 18 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1984 May 18 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14896 May 18 2024 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15932 May 18 2024 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 May 18 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 58388 May 18 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2804 May 18 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6744 May 18 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114820 May 18 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10580 May 18 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4252 May 18 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 May 18 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2676 May 18 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 May 18 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10324 May 18 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 18 2024 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 May 18 2024 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 May 18 2024 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 May 18 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 May 18 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 May 18 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 May 18 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 May 18 2024 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 May 18 2024 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 May 18 2024 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 May 18 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 May 18 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4644 May 18 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2720 May 18 2024 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 May 18 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 May 18 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 May 18 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 May 18 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2384 May 18 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11344 May 18 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7164 May 18 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6292 May 18 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7988 May 18 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 May 18 2024 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3528 May 18 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 May 18 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 May 18 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3680 May 18 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 May 18 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3696 May 18 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 May 18 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 May 18 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1640 May 18 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50724 May 18 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8692 May 18 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 May 18 2024 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4084 May 18 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 May 18 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3700 May 18 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 May 18 2024 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3188 May 18 2024 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3120 May 18 2024 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7012 May 18 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9420 May 18 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 May 18 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 May 18 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5232 May 18 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5116 May 18 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6380 May 18 2024 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 May 18 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2268 May 18 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 May 18 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 May 18 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6988 May 18 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 May 18 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17356 May 18 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3184 May 18 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 May 18 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 May 18 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12196 May 18 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4992 May 18 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 May 18 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2740 May 18 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 May 18 2024 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5312 May 18 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 May 18 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 May 18 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2336 May 18 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 May 18 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 18 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3564 May 18 2024 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8716 May 18 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5236 May 18 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 May 18 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5332 May 18 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6524 May 18 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10392 May 18 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3764 May 18 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6912 May 18 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 18 2024 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2296 May 18 2024 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 May 18 2024 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 May 18 2024 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 May 18 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9724 May 18 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 May 18 2024 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4932 May 18 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2140 May 18 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 May 18 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5904 May 18 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5588 May 18 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6004 May 18 2024 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5568 May 18 2024 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20856 May 18 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3992 May 18 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 May 18 2024 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 May 18 2024 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 May 18 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8012 May 18 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27340 May 18 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 May 18 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 May 18 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 May 18 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40048 May 18 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5424 May 18 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 May 18 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45660 May 18 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7812 Jun 20 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Jun 20 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5584 Jun 20 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6028 Jun 20 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1492 Jun 20 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15616 Jun 20 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jun 20 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2936 Jun 20 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Jun 20 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Jun 20 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6736 Jun 20 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4628 Jun 20 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Jun 20 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Jun 20 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Jun 20 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31160 Jun 20 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2252 Jun 20 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19616 Jun 20 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Jun 20 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2852 Jun 20 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3860 Jun 20 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3340 Jun 20 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jun 20 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2772 Jun 20 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Jun 20 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Jun 20 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Jun 20 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2224 Jun 20 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Jun 20 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Jun 20 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Jun 20 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Jun 20 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Jun 20 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14636 Jun 20 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Jun 20 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Jun 20 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1716 Jun 20 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Jun 20 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9868 Jun 20 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5560 Jun 20 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Jun 20 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 Jun 20 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23720 Jun 20 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Jun 20 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5728 Jun 20 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30949 Jun 20 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jun 20 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5872 Jun 20 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Jun 20 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6452 Jun 20 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13512 Jun 20 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Jun 20 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Jun 20 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Jun 20 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34168 Jun 20 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Jun 20 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8000 Jun 20 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33516 Jun 20 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16356 Jun 20 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10532 Jun 20 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19136 Jun 20 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Jun 20 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Jun 20 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Jun 20 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Jun 20 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Jun 20 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8248 Jun 20 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Jun 20 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14792 Jun 20 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17764 Jun 20 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8592 Jun 20 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4376 Jun 20 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7908 Jun 20 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12180 Jun 20 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36816 Jun 20 2025 [ 1589 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1607 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25124 Jun 20 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5552 Jun 20 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4828 Jun 20 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 38952 Jun 20 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9892 Jun 20 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Jun 20 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3716 Jun 20 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8752 Jun 20 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4640 Jun 20 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5168 Jun 20 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6512 Jun 20 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 Jun 20 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3072 Jun 20 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6924 Jun 20 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8104 Jun 20 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Jun 20 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Jun 20 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Jun 20 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2800 Jun 20 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9096 Jun 20 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6124 Jun 20 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7728 Jun 20 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4244 Jun 20 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4976 Jun 20 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 Jun 20 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6244 Jun 20 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14404 Jun 20 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30100 Jun 20 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13540 Jun 20 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Jun 20 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5748 Jun 20 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3876 Jun 20 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Jun 20 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Jun 20 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4796 Jun 20 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14228 Jun 20 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8484 Jun 20 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4748 Jun 20 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Jun 20 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7372 Jun 20 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 Jun 20 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Jun 20 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Jun 20 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1868 Jun 20 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1988 Jun 20 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2792 Jun 20 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Jun 20 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 Jun 20 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3636 Jun 20 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3800 Jun 20 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8520 Jun 20 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5786 Jun 20 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2621 Jun 20 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Jun 20 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27436 Jun 20 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 Jun 20 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1984 Jun 20 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15932 Jun 20 2025 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Jun 20 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 58388 Jun 20 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2804 Jun 20 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6744 Jun 20 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10580 Jun 20 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4252 Jun 20 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Jun 20 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2676 Jun 20 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jun 20 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10324 Jun 20 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Jun 20 2025 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Jun 20 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Jun 20 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Jun 20 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 Jun 20 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Jun 20 2025 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Jun 20 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Jun 20 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4644 Jun 20 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jun 20 2025 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2720 Jun 20 2025 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 Jun 20 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Jun 20 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 Jun 20 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Jun 20 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2384 Jun 20 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11344 Jun 20 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7164 Jun 20 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6292 Jun 20 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jun 20 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7988 Jun 20 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Jun 20 2025 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3528 Jun 20 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jun 20 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Jun 20 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3680 Jun 20 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Jun 20 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Jun 20 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Jun 20 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3696 Jun 20 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Jun 20 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 Jun 20 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1640 Jun 20 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50724 Jun 20 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8692 Jun 20 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 Jun 20 2025 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4084 Jun 20 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Jun 20 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3700 Jun 20 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Jun 20 2025 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3188 Jun 20 2025 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3120 Jun 20 2025 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7012 Jun 20 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9420 Jun 20 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Jun 20 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Jun 20 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5232 Jun 20 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5116 Jun 20 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jun 20 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6380 Jun 20 2025 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Jun 20 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2268 Jun 20 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Jun 20 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Jun 20 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6988 Jun 20 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Jun 20 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17356 Jun 20 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3184 Jun 20 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Jun 20 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Jun 20 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12196 Jun 20 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4992 Jun 20 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jun 20 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2740 Jun 20 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 Jun 20 2025 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5312 Jun 20 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Jun 20 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jun 20 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2336 Jun 20 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 Jun 20 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jun 20 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3564 Jun 20 2025 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8716 Jun 20 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5236 Jun 20 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 Jun 20 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5332 Jun 20 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6524 Jun 20 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10392 Jun 20 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3764 Jun 20 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6912 Jun 20 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Jun 20 2025 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2296 Jun 20 2025 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Jun 20 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Jun 20 2025 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Jun 20 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9724 Jun 20 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Jun 20 2025 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4932 Jun 20 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2140 Jun 20 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Jun 20 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5904 Jun 20 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5588 Jun 20 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6004 Jun 20 2025 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5568 Jun 20 2025 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20856 Jun 20 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3992 Jun 20 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Jun 20 2025 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Jun 20 2025 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Jun 20 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8012 Jun 20 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27340 Jun 20 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Jun 20 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Jun 20 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 Jun 20 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40048 Jun 20 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5424 Jun 20 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Jun 20 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45660 Jun 20 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 18 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jun 20 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 May 18 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Jun 20 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 May 18 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 May 18 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 May 18 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 May 18 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 May 18 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 May 18 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 May 18 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 May 18 2024 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 May 18 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 May 18 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 18 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 May 18 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 May 18 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 May 18 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 18 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 18 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 May 18 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 May 18 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 May 18 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 May 18 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 May 18 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 May 18 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 May 18 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 May 18 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 May 18 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 May 18 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 May 18 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 May 18 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 18 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 May 18 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 May 18 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 18 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 May 18 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 18 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 18 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 May 18 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 May 18 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 May 18 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 May 18 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 May 18 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 May 18 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 May 18 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 May 18 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 May 18 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 May 18 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 May 18 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 May 18 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 May 18 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 May 18 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 May 18 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 May 18 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 May 18 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 May 18 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 May 18 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 May 18 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 May 18 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 May 18 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 May 18 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 18 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 May 18 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 May 18 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 May 18 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 May 18 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 18 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 May 18 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 May 18 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 May 18 2024 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 May 18 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 May 18 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 May 18 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 May 18 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 May 18 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 May 18 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 18 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 May 18 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 May 18 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 May 18 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 May 18 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 May 18 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 May 18 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 May 18 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 May 18 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 May 18 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 May 18 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 May 18 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 May 18 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 May 18 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 May 18 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 May 18 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 May 18 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 May 18 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 May 18 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 May 18 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 May 18 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 May 18 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 May 18 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 May 18 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 May 18 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 May 18 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 May 18 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 May 18 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 May 18 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 May 18 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 May 18 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 May 18 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 May 18 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 18 2024 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 May 18 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 May 18 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 May 18 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 May 18 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 May 18 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 May 18 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 May 18 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 May 18 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 May 18 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 May 18 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 May 18 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 May 18 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 May 18 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 May 18 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 May 18 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 May 18 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 May 18 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 May 18 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 May 18 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 May 18 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 May 18 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 May 18 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 May 18 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 May 18 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 May 18 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 May 18 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 May 18 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 May 18 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 May 18 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 May 18 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 May 18 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 May 18 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 May 18 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 18 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 18 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 May 18 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 May 18 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 May 18 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 18 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8520 May 18 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 May 18 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2623 May 18 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 May 18 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 May 18 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 May 18 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 May 18 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 May 18 2024 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 May 18 2024 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 May 18 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 May 18 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 May 18 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 May 18 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 May 18 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 May 18 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 May 18 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 May 18 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 May 18 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 18 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 May 18 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 18 2024 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 May 18 2024 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 May 18 2024 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 18 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 May 18 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 May 18 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 18 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 May 18 2024 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 May 18 2024 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 18 2024 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 May 18 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 May 18 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 May 18 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 18 2024 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2720 May 18 2024 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 May 18 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 May 18 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 May 18 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 May 18 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2384 May 18 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11344 May 18 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7164 May 18 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 May 18 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7988 May 18 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 May 18 2024 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 May 18 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 May 18 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 May 18 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 May 18 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 May 18 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 May 18 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 May 18 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 May 18 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 May 18 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 May 18 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 May 18 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 18 2024 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 May 18 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 May 18 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 May 18 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 May 18 2024 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 May 18 2024 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 May 18 2024 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 May 18 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9420 May 18 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 May 18 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 May 18 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 May 18 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 May 18 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 18 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 May 18 2024 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 May 18 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 May 18 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 18 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 May 18 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 May 18 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 May 18 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 May 18 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 May 18 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 May 18 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 May 18 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 May 18 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 May 18 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 May 18 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 May 18 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 18 2024 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 May 18 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 May 18 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 18 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 May 18 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 May 18 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 May 18 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 May 18 2024 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 May 18 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 May 18 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 May 18 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 May 18 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 May 18 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10392 May 18 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 May 18 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 May 18 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 18 2024 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 May 18 2024 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 May 18 2024 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 May 18 2024 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 May 18 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 May 18 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 May 18 2024 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 May 18 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 May 18 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 May 18 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 May 18 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 May 18 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 May 18 2024 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 May 18 2024 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 May 18 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 May 18 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 May 18 2024 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 May 18 2024 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 May 18 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 May 18 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 May 18 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 May 18 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 18 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 18 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 May 18 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 May 18 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 May 18 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 May 18 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 Jun 20 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 Jun 20 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 Jun 20 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 Jun 20 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 Jun 20 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 Jun 20 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Jun 20 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Jun 20 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Jun 20 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Jun 20 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 Jun 20 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 Jun 20 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Jun 20 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 Jun 20 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Jun 20 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 Jun 20 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 Jun 20 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 Jun 20 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Jun 20 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 Jun 20 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 Jun 20 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 Jun 20 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Jun 20 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 Jun 20 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Jun 20 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Jun 20 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Jun 20 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 Jun 20 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Jun 20 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Jun 20 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Jun 20 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Jun 20 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 Jun 20 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 Jun 20 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Jun 20 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Jun 20 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 Jun 20 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Jun 20 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 Jun 20 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 Jun 20 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Jun 20 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 Jun 20 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 Jun 20 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Jun 20 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 Jun 20 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 Jun 20 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Jun 20 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 Jun 20 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Jun 20 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Jun 20 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 Jun 20 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 Jun 20 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Jun 20 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Jun 20 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Jun 20 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 Jun 20 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Jun 20 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 Jun 20 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 Jun 20 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 Jun 20 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 Jun 20 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 Jun 20 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Jun 20 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Jun 20 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Jun 20 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Jun 20 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Jun 20 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 Jun 20 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 Jun 20 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Jun 20 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 Jun 20 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 Jun 20 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 Jun 20 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 Jun 20 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 Jun 20 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 Jun 20 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 Jun 20 2025 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 Jun 20 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 Jun 20 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 Jun 20 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 Jun 20 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 Jun 20 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Jun 20 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Jun 20 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 Jun 20 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 Jun 20 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 Jun 20 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 Jun 20 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Jun 20 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 Jun 20 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 Jun 20 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 Jun 20 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 Jun 20 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Jun 20 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Jun 20 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Jun 20 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 Jun 20 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 Jun 20 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 Jun 20 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 Jun 20 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 Jun 20 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 Jun 20 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 Jun 20 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 Jun 20 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 Jun 20 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 Jun 20 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 Jun 20 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Jun 20 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 Jun 20 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 Jun 20 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Jun 20 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Jun 20 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 Jun 20 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 Jun 20 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 Jun 20 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 Jun 20 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 Jun 20 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Jun 20 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 Jun 20 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 Jun 20 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Jun 20 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Jun 20 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 Jun 20 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 Jun 20 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 Jun 20 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Jun 20 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Jun 20 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Jun 20 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 Jun 20 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 Jun 20 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8520 Jun 20 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5786 Jun 20 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 Jun 20 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 Jun 20 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 Jun 20 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Jun 20 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 Jun 20 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 Jun 20 2025 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 Jun 20 2025 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Jun 20 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 Jun 20 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 Jun 20 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 Jun 20 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 Jun 20 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 Jun 20 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 Jun 20 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Jun 20 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 Jun 20 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Jun 20 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 Jun 20 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Jun 20 2025 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Jun 20 2025 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Jun 20 2025 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Jun 20 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Jun 20 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Jun 20 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Jun 20 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Jun 20 2025 [ 1997 00] 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00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 Jun 20 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 Jun 20 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 Jun 20 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Jun 20 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 Jun 20 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,298 +1,298 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 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2620 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 2025-06-20 19:28:34.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 May 18 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jun 20 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3592 May 18 2024 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4332 May 18 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 548 May 18 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2636 May 18 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3180 May 18 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 May 18 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5016 May 18 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 236 May 18 2024 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 May 18 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 May 18 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2016 May 18 2024 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2668 May 18 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 752 May 18 2024 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 May 18 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2520 May 18 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 May 18 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 May 18 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 May 18 2024 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 May 18 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12504 May 18 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 May 18 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9136 May 18 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 May 18 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1352 May 18 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 May 18 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 May 18 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 May 18 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 540 May 18 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 May 18 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 May 18 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 564 May 18 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 May 18 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 May 18 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 May 18 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 May 18 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 May 18 2024 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1248 May 18 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 May 18 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 May 18 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 416 May 18 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 May 18 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6704 May 18 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 May 18 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 18 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 May 18 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 May 18 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 May 18 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5344 May 18 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 May 18 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 May 18 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 May 18 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2388 May 18 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 May 18 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9360 May 18 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3172 May 18 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 May 18 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 May 18 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 May 18 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48274 May 18 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 652 May 18 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3300 May 18 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 556 May 18 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 May 18 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 May 18 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 May 18 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 May 18 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5836 May 18 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6540 May 18 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 May 18 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 204 May 18 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 18 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8456 May 18 2024 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 May 18 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 May 18 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8408 May 18 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10640 May 18 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8608 May 18 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 May 18 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 May 18 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 May 18 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 May 18 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 May 18 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 May 18 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 May 18 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 880 May 18 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4500 May 18 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5392 May 18 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3168 May 18 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 May 18 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3012 May 18 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10224 May 18 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9844 May 18 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6100 May 18 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 May 18 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2524 May 18 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 May 18 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15492 May 18 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3900 May 18 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 May 18 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 May 18 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1808 May 18 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4484 May 18 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 May 18 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 May 18 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 May 18 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 May 18 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 May 18 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 May 18 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 May 18 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 May 18 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 May 18 2024 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2724 May 18 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 May 18 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 May 18 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4656 May 18 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3324 May 18 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3960 May 18 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2512 May 18 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1396 May 18 2024 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 764 May 18 2024 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2904 May 18 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 May 18 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11044 May 18 2024 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6160 May 18 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 May 18 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 May 18 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 May 18 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 May 18 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 May 18 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 May 18 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 May 18 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 May 18 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 May 18 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5868 May 18 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3892 May 18 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 May 18 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3208 May 18 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 988 May 18 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 May 18 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 904 May 18 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 May 18 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 May 18 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1540 May 18 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1996 May 18 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 May 18 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 May 18 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2036 May 18 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 May 18 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 May 18 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4156 May 18 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 May 18 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 May 18 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 May 18 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12552 May 18 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 May 18 2024 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 932 May 18 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6644 May 18 2024 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7032 May 18 2024 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1916 May 18 2024 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25172 May 18 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 May 18 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3352 May 18 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44596 May 18 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5692 May 18 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 May 18 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1072 May 18 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 May 18 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 May 18 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4444 May 18 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 May 18 2024 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 896 May 18 2024 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 May 18 2024 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 May 18 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 May 18 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 704 May 18 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1192 May 18 2024 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 828 May 18 2024 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 May 18 2024 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 116 May 18 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 68 May 18 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 May 18 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 May 18 2024 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2344 May 18 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 May 18 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 May 18 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 May 18 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 May 18 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4728 May 18 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3060 May 18 2024 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3032 May 18 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1208 May 18 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4092 May 18 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 May 18 2024 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1468 May 18 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 May 18 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 May 18 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 696 May 18 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1216 May 18 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1776 May 18 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 May 18 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26892 May 18 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4260 May 18 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6692 May 18 2024 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2156 May 18 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 May 18 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1420 May 18 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 May 18 2024 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1608 May 18 2024 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 May 18 2024 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2544 May 18 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3956 May 18 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 300 May 18 2024 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 676 May 18 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2152 May 18 2024 [ 516 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 May 18 2024 [ 518 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 May 18 2024 [ 520 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 May 18 2024 [ 521 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 912 May 18 2024 [ 524 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 May 18 2024 [ 525 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 May 18 2024 [ 526 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 May 18 2024 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 May 18 2024 [ 529 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 May 18 2024 [ 531 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7156 May 18 2024 [ 532 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 May 18 2024 [ 536 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 164 May 18 2024 [ 537 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1760 May 18 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5112 May 18 2024 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 542 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 576 May 18 2024 [ 544 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1236 May 18 2024 [ 545 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 May 18 2024 [ 546 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 547 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 May 18 2024 [ 549 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 May 18 2024 [ 550 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 May 18 2024 [ 551 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 May 18 2024 [ 552 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 May 18 2024 [ 553 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 May 18 2024 [ 554 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4476 May 18 2024 [ 555 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2604 May 18 2024 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 May 18 2024 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 May 18 2024 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2968 May 18 2024 [ 564 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5184 May 18 2024 [ 566 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 May 18 2024 [ 569 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2820 May 18 2024 [ 570 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 May 18 2024 [ 572 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1004 May 18 2024 [ 573 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1056 May 18 2024 [ 574 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 616 May 18 2024 [ 575 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1756 May 18 2024 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 May 18 2024 [ 577 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1280 May 18 2024 [ 579 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 May 18 2024 [ 580 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 May 18 2024 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 84 May 18 2024 [ 582 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 May 18 2024 [ 583 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 May 18 2024 [ 585 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 May 18 2024 [ 587 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 May 18 2024 [ 589 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9312 May 18 2024 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1704 May 18 2024 [ 596 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 May 18 2024 [ 597 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 884 May 18 2024 [ 598 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 May 18 2024 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 May 18 2024 [ 600 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11276 May 18 2024 [ 602 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 May 18 2024 [ 608 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 May 18 2024 [ 609 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7940 May 18 2024 [ 610 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 18864 May 18 2024 [ 614 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2644 May 18 2024 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2528 May 18 2024 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19148 May 18 2024 [ 628 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3592 Jun 20 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4332 Jun 20 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 548 Jun 20 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2636 Jun 20 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3180 Jun 20 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Jun 20 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5016 Jun 20 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 236 Jun 20 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Jun 20 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 Jun 20 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2016 Jun 20 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2668 Jun 20 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 752 Jun 20 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Jun 20 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2520 Jun 20 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jun 20 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Jun 20 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Jun 20 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Jun 20 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12504 Jun 20 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Jun 20 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9136 Jun 20 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Jun 20 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1352 Jun 20 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 Jun 20 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 Jun 20 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jun 20 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 540 Jun 20 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Jun 20 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jun 20 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 564 Jun 20 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 Jun 20 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Jun 20 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 Jun 20 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Jun 20 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 Jun 20 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1248 Jun 20 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Jun 20 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Jun 20 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Jun 20 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 416 Jun 20 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Jun 20 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6704 Jun 20 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Jun 20 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Jun 20 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Jun 20 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Jun 20 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 Jun 20 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5344 Jun 20 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Jun 20 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Jun 20 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Jun 20 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2388 Jun 20 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Jun 20 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9360 Jun 20 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3172 Jun 20 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Jun 20 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Jun 20 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 Jun 20 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48274 Jun 20 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 652 Jun 20 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3300 Jun 20 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 556 Jun 20 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Jun 20 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 Jun 20 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Jun 20 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Jun 20 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5836 Jun 20 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6540 Jun 20 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jun 20 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 204 Jun 20 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Jun 20 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8456 Jun 20 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Jun 20 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 Jun 20 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8408 Jun 20 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10640 Jun 20 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8608 Jun 20 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Jun 20 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Jun 20 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Jun 20 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Jun 20 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Jun 20 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 Jun 20 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Jun 20 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 880 Jun 20 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4500 Jun 20 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5392 Jun 20 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3168 Jun 20 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Jun 20 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3012 Jun 20 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10224 Jun 20 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9844 Jun 20 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6100 Jun 20 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 Jun 20 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2524 Jun 20 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Jun 20 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15492 Jun 20 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3900 Jun 20 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Jun 20 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Jun 20 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1808 Jun 20 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4484 Jun 20 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Jun 20 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Jun 20 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Jun 20 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jun 20 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 Jun 20 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Jun 20 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 Jun 20 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Jun 20 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Jun 20 2025 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2724 Jun 20 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Jun 20 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jun 20 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4656 Jun 20 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3324 Jun 20 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3960 Jun 20 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2512 Jun 20 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1396 Jun 20 2025 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 764 Jun 20 2025 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2904 Jun 20 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Jun 20 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11044 Jun 20 2025 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6160 Jun 20 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Jun 20 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Jun 20 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jun 20 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 Jun 20 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Jun 20 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Jun 20 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Jun 20 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Jun 20 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Jun 20 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5868 Jun 20 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3892 Jun 20 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 Jun 20 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3208 Jun 20 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 988 Jun 20 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Jun 20 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 904 Jun 20 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Jun 20 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Jun 20 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1540 Jun 20 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1996 Jun 20 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Jun 20 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Jun 20 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2036 Jun 20 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Jun 20 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Jun 20 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4156 Jun 20 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Jun 20 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 Jun 20 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Jun 20 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12552 Jun 20 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Jun 20 2025 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 932 Jun 20 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6644 Jun 20 2025 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7032 Jun 20 2025 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1916 Jun 20 2025 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25172 Jun 20 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Jun 20 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3352 Jun 20 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44596 Jun 20 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5692 Jun 20 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Jun 20 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1072 Jun 20 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 Jun 20 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Jun 20 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4444 Jun 20 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Jun 20 2025 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 896 Jun 20 2025 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jun 20 2025 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jun 20 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Jun 20 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 704 Jun 20 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1192 Jun 20 2025 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 828 Jun 20 2025 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Jun 20 2025 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 116 Jun 20 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 68 Jun 20 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Jun 20 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 Jun 20 2025 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Jun 20 2025 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2344 Jun 20 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jun 20 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Jun 20 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 Jun 20 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Jun 20 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4728 Jun 20 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3060 Jun 20 2025 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3032 Jun 20 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1208 Jun 20 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4092 Jun 20 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Jun 20 2025 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1468 Jun 20 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Jun 20 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Jun 20 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 696 Jun 20 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1216 Jun 20 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1776 Jun 20 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 Jun 20 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26892 Jun 20 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4260 Jun 20 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6692 Jun 20 2025 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2156 Jun 20 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Jun 20 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1420 Jun 20 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Jun 20 2025 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1608 Jun 20 2025 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Jun 20 2025 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2544 Jun 20 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3956 Jun 20 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 300 Jun 20 2025 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 676 Jun 20 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2152 Jun 20 2025 [ 516 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 Jun 20 2025 [ 518 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Jun 20 2025 [ 520 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Jun 20 2025 [ 521 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 912 Jun 20 2025 [ 524 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Jun 20 2025 [ 525 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Jun 20 2025 [ 526 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Jun 20 2025 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Jun 20 2025 [ 529 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Jun 20 2025 [ 531 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7156 Jun 20 2025 [ 532 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Jun 20 2025 [ 536 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 164 Jun 20 2025 [ 537 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1760 Jun 20 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5112 Jun 20 2025 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Jun 20 2025 [ 542 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 576 Jun 20 2025 [ 544 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1236 Jun 20 2025 [ 545 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Jun 20 2025 [ 546 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 547 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Jun 20 2025 [ 549 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jun 20 2025 [ 550 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Jun 20 2025 [ 551 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Jun 20 2025 [ 552 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Jun 20 2025 [ 553 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Jun 20 2025 [ 554 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4476 Jun 20 2025 [ 555 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2604 Jun 20 2025 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Jun 20 2025 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Jun 20 2025 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2968 Jun 20 2025 [ 564 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5184 Jun 20 2025 [ 566 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Jun 20 2025 [ 569 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2820 Jun 20 2025 [ 570 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Jun 20 2025 [ 572 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1004 Jun 20 2025 [ 573 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1056 Jun 20 2025 [ 574 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 616 Jun 20 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1756 Jun 20 2025 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 Jun 20 2025 [ 577 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1280 Jun 20 2025 [ 579 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Jun 20 2025 [ 580 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Jun 20 2025 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 84 Jun 20 2025 [ 582 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 Jun 20 2025 [ 583 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Jun 20 2025 [ 585 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Jun 20 2025 [ 587 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Jun 20 2025 [ 589 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9312 Jun 20 2025 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1704 Jun 20 2025 [ 596 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Jun 20 2025 [ 597 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 884 Jun 20 2025 [ 598 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Jun 20 2025 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Jun 20 2025 [ 600 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11276 Jun 20 2025 [ 602 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Jun 20 2025 [ 608 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Jun 20 2025 [ 609 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7940 Jun 20 2025 [ 610 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 18864 Jun 20 2025 [ 614 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2644 Jun 20 2025 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2528 Jun 20 2025 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19148 Jun 20 2025 [ 628 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 18 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jun 20 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 18 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 May 18 2024 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 May 18 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 May 18 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 May 18 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 May 18 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 18 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 May 18 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 May 18 2024 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 May 18 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 May 18 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 May 18 2024 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 May 18 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 May 18 2024 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 May 18 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 May 18 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 May 18 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 May 18 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 May 18 2024 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 May 18 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 May 18 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 May 18 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 May 18 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 18 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 May 18 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 May 18 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 May 18 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 18 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 May 18 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 18 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 18 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 May 18 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 May 18 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 May 18 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 May 18 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 May 18 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 18 2024 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 May 18 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 May 18 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 18 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 May 18 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2316 May 18 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 May 18 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 May 18 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 18 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 18 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 May 18 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 18 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 May 18 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 May 18 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 May 18 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 May 18 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 May 18 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 May 18 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 May 18 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 May 18 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 May 18 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 May 18 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 18 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48274 May 18 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 May 18 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 May 18 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 May 18 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 May 18 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 18 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 May 18 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 May 18 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 May 18 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 May 18 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 18 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 May 18 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 18 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 May 18 2024 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 18 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 May 18 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 May 18 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 May 18 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 May 18 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 May 18 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 18 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 May 18 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 May 18 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 May 18 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 May 18 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 May 18 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 May 18 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 May 18 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 May 18 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 May 18 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 May 18 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 May 18 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 May 18 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 May 18 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 May 18 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 18 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 May 18 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 May 18 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 May 18 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 May 18 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 18 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 May 18 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 May 18 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 May 18 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 May 18 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 May 18 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 May 18 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 May 18 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 18 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 May 18 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 18 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 May 18 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 18 2024 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 May 18 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 May 18 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 18 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 May 18 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 May 18 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 May 18 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 May 18 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 May 18 2024 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 May 18 2024 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 May 18 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 May 18 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 May 18 2024 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 May 18 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 May 18 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 18 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 May 18 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 May 18 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 18 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 18 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 18 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 18 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 May 18 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 May 18 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 May 18 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 May 18 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 18 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 May 18 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 May 18 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 18 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 18 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 May 18 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 May 18 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 18 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 May 18 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 May 18 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 May 18 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 May 18 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 May 18 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 May 18 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 18 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4156 May 18 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 May 18 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 18 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 May 18 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 May 18 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 18 2024 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 May 18 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 May 18 2024 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 May 18 2024 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 May 18 2024 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 May 18 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 May 18 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 May 18 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44596 May 18 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 May 18 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 May 18 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 May 18 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 18 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 May 18 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 May 18 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 18 2024 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 May 18 2024 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 18 2024 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 May 18 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 May 18 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 May 18 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 May 18 2024 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 May 18 2024 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 May 18 2024 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 May 18 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 May 18 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 May 18 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 May 18 2024 [ 451 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 18 2024 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 May 18 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 18 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 May 18 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 May 18 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 18 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 May 18 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 May 18 2024 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 May 18 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 May 18 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 May 18 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 18 2024 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 May 18 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 May 18 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 18 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 May 18 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 May 18 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 May 18 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 May 18 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 May 18 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 18 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 18 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 May 18 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 May 18 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 May 18 2024 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 May 18 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 May 18 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 May 18 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 18 2024 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 May 18 2024 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 May 18 2024 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 May 18 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3956 May 18 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 May 18 2024 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 May 18 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 May 18 2024 [ 516 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 May 18 2024 [ 518 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 May 18 2024 [ 520 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 May 18 2024 [ 521 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 May 18 2024 [ 524 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 18 2024 [ 525 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 18 2024 [ 526 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 18 2024 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 May 18 2024 [ 529 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 May 18 2024 [ 531 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 May 18 2024 [ 532 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 18 2024 [ 536 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 May 18 2024 [ 537 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 May 18 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 May 18 2024 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 May 18 2024 [ 542 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 May 18 2024 [ 544 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 May 18 2024 [ 545 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 May 18 2024 [ 546 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 May 18 2024 [ 547 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 May 18 2024 [ 549 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 18 2024 [ 550 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 18 2024 [ 551 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 18 2024 [ 552 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 May 18 2024 [ 553 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 May 18 2024 [ 554 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 May 18 2024 [ 555 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 May 18 2024 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 18 2024 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 May 18 2024 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 May 18 2024 [ 564 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5184 May 18 2024 [ 566 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 May 18 2024 [ 569 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 May 18 2024 [ 570 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 18 2024 [ 572 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 May 18 2024 [ 573 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 May 18 2024 [ 574 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 May 18 2024 [ 575 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 May 18 2024 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 May 18 2024 [ 577 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 May 18 2024 [ 579 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 May 18 2024 [ 580 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 18 2024 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 May 18 2024 [ 582 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 May 18 2024 [ 583 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 May 18 2024 [ 585 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 May 18 2024 [ 587 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 May 18 2024 [ 589 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 May 18 2024 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 May 18 2024 [ 596 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 May 18 2024 [ 597 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 May 18 2024 [ 598 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 May 18 2024 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 May 18 2024 [ 600 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 May 18 2024 [ 602 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 18 2024 [ 608 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 18 2024 [ 609 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 May 18 2024 [ 610 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 May 18 2024 [ 614 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 May 18 2024 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 May 18 2024 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19148 May 18 2024 [ 628 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jun 20 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 Jun 20 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 Jun 20 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 Jun 20 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 Jun 20 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 Jun 20 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Jun 20 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 Jun 20 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 Jun 20 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Jun 20 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 Jun 20 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 Jun 20 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 Jun 20 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 Jun 20 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 Jun 20 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 Jun 20 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Jun 20 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 Jun 20 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Jun 20 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Jun 20 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 Jun 20 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Jun 20 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 Jun 20 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Jun 20 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 Jun 20 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 Jun 20 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Jun 20 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jun 20 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 Jun 20 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Jun 20 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Jun 20 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 Jun 20 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Jun 20 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Jun 20 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Jun 20 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Jun 20 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Jun 20 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 Jun 20 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Jun 20 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Jun 20 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Jun 20 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 Jun 20 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2316 Jun 20 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 Jun 20 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Jun 20 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Jun 20 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Jun 20 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Jun 20 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Jun 20 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 Jun 20 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Jun 20 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 Jun 20 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Jun 20 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 Jun 20 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Jun 20 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 Jun 20 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 Jun 20 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 Jun 20 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 Jun 20 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Jun 20 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48274 Jun 20 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 Jun 20 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 Jun 20 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Jun 20 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Jun 20 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Jun 20 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Jun 20 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 Jun 20 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 Jun 20 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 Jun 20 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Jun 20 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 Jun 20 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Jun 20 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 Jun 20 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Jun 20 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 Jun 20 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 Jun 20 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 Jun 20 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 Jun 20 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 Jun 20 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Jun 20 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Jun 20 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Jun 20 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 Jun 20 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 Jun 20 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Jun 20 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 Jun 20 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 Jun 20 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 Jun 20 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 Jun 20 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 Jun 20 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 Jun 20 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 Jun 20 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 Jun 20 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 Jun 20 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Jun 20 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 Jun 20 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 Jun 20 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 Jun 20 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 Jun 20 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Jun 20 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 Jun 20 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 Jun 20 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 Jun 20 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 Jun 20 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Jun 20 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 Jun 20 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Jun 20 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Jun 20 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 Jun 20 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Jun 20 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Jun 20 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Jun 20 2025 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 Jun 20 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Jun 20 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Jun 20 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 Jun 20 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Jun 20 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Jun 20 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 Jun 20 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 Jun 20 2025 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 Jun 20 2025 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 Jun 20 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Jun 20 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 Jun 20 2025 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 Jun 20 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 Jun 20 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Jun 20 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Jun 20 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 Jun 20 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Jun 20 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Jun 20 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Jun 20 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Jun 20 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Jun 20 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 Jun 20 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 Jun 20 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Jun 20 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Jun 20 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 Jun 20 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 Jun 20 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Jun 20 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Jun 20 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 Jun 20 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Jun 20 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Jun 20 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Jun 20 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 Jun 20 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Jun 20 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 Jun 20 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 Jun 20 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Jun 20 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Jun 20 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4156 Jun 20 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Jun 20 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Jun 20 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Jun 20 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 Jun 20 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Jun 20 2025 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 Jun 20 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 Jun 20 2025 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 Jun 20 2025 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 Jun 20 2025 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 Jun 20 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Jun 20 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 Jun 20 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44596 Jun 20 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 Jun 20 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Jun 20 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 Jun 20 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Jun 20 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Jun 20 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 Jun 20 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Jun 20 2025 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Jun 20 2025 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jun 20 2025 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Jun 20 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Jun 20 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 Jun 20 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 Jun 20 2025 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 Jun 20 2025 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Jun 20 2025 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 Jun 20 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 Jun 20 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 Jun 20 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Jun 20 2025 [ 451 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Jun 20 2025 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Jun 20 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jun 20 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Jun 20 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Jun 20 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Jun 20 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 Jun 20 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 Jun 20 2025 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 Jun 20 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 Jun 20 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 Jun 20 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Jun 20 2025 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 Jun 20 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Jun 20 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jun 20 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Jun 20 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Jun 20 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 Jun 20 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 Jun 20 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 Jun 20 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Jun 20 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Jun 20 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 Jun 20 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 Jun 20 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 Jun 20 2025 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Jun 20 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Jun 20 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 Jun 20 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Jun 20 2025 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 Jun 20 2025 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Jun 20 2025 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 Jun 20 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3956 Jun 20 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 Jun 20 2025 [ 514 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Jun 20 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 Jun 20 2025 [ 516 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 Jun 20 2025 [ 518 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Jun 20 2025 [ 520 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 Jun 20 2025 [ 521 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Jun 20 2025 [ 524 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Jun 20 2025 [ 525 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Jun 20 2025 [ 526 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Jun 20 2025 [ 528 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Jun 20 2025 [ 529 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Jun 20 2025 [ 531 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 Jun 20 2025 [ 532 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Jun 20 2025 [ 536 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 Jun 20 2025 [ 537 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 Jun 20 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 Jun 20 2025 [ 539 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 Jun 20 2025 [ 542 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 Jun 20 2025 [ 544 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 Jun 20 2025 [ 545 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Jun 20 2025 [ 546 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 Jun 20 2025 [ 547 00] tftp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 Jun 20 2025 [ 549 00] tga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jun 20 2025 [ 550 00] time.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Jun 20 2025 [ 551 00] tr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Jun 20 2025 [ 552 00] trig.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Jun 20 2025 [ 553 00] true.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Jun 20 2025 [ 554 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 Jun 20 2025 [ 555 00] udf.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 Jun 20 2025 [ 558 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Jun 20 2025 [ 560 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Jun 20 2025 [ 562 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 Jun 20 2025 [ 564 00] uhci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5184 Jun 20 2025 [ 566 00] usb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Jun 20 2025 [ 569 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Jun 20 2025 [ 570 00] usbms.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Jun 20 2025 [ 572 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Jun 20 2025 [ 573 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 Jun 20 2025 [ 574 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 Jun 20 2025 [ 575 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 Jun 20 2025 [ 576 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Jun 20 2025 [ 577 00] vbe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 Jun 20 2025 [ 579 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Jun 20 2025 [ 580 00] vga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Jun 20 2025 [ 581 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 Jun 20 2025 [ 582 00] video.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Jun 20 2025 [ 583 00] video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Jun 20 2025 [ 585 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 Jun 20 2025 [ 587 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 Jun 20 2025 [ 589 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 Jun 20 2025 [ 591 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 Jun 20 2025 [ 596 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 Jun 20 2025 [ 597 00] videotest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 Jun 20 2025 [ 598 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Jun 20 2025 [ 599 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Jun 20 2025 [ 600 00] xfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 Jun 20 2025 [ 602 00] xnu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Jun 20 2025 [ 608 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Jun 20 2025 [ 609 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 Jun 20 2025 [ 610 00] xzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 Jun 20 2025 [ 614 00] zfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 Jun 20 2025 [ 624 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 Jun 20 2025 [ 626 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19148 Jun 20 2025 [ 628 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 18 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jun 20 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:23.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:23.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2024-05-18 12:30:23.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 boot/grub/roms\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 2024-05-18 12:30:23.000000 boot.catalog\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 2024-05-18 12:30:20.000000 boot/grub/grub.cfg\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 2024-05-18 12:30:21.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/915resolution.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 2024-05-18 12:30:22.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/acpi.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 2024-05-18 12:30:22.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/adler32.mod\n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 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boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3956 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5184 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 2025-06-20 19:28:36.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19148 2025-06-20 19:28:35.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n Compressed size: 1284 B\n- Uncompressed size: 2623 B\n+ Uncompressed size: 2621 B\n Ratio: 0.490\n Check: None\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1284 2623 0.490 None 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1284 2621 0.490 None 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1248 2623 0.476 None\n+ 1 1 12 0 1248 2621 0.476 None\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 2568.9 KiB (2630604 B)\n+ Compressed size: 2569.6 KiB (2631316 B)\n Uncompressed size: 6630.0 KiB (6789120 B)\n- Ratio: 0.387\n+ Ratio: 0.388\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 2630604 6789120 0.387 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 2631316 6789120 0.388 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 2630564 6789120 0.387 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 2631276 6789120 0.388 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11696 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019932 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019760 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3604 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6744 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5828 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13696 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14684 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5616 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2547 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 95336 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4464 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10016 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177208 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 996.0 KiB (1019932 B)\n+ Compressed size: 995.9 KiB (1019760 B)\n Uncompressed size: 5700.0 KiB (5836800 B)\n Ratio: 0.175\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1019932 5836800 0.175 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1019760 5836800 0.175 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1019892 5836800 0.175 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1019720 5836800 0.175 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1300 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1324924 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1304 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1324888 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1300 B\n+ Compressed size: 1304 B\n Uncompressed size: 10.0 KiB (10240 B)\n Ratio: 0.127\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1300 10240 0.127 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1304 10240 0.127 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1264 10240 0.123 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1268 10240 0.124 CRC64\n"}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9252,17 +9252,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-14622120242\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15025333625\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92414,28 +92414,28 @@\n 0x00175533 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x00175543 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x00175553 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175563 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175573 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175583 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175593 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x001755a3 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x001755b3 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x001755c3 30303031 31343000 31343632 32313230 0001140.14622120\n- 0x001755d3 32343200 30313330 32330020 30000000 242.013023. 0...\n+ 0x001755a3 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x001755b3 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x001755c3 30303031 31343000 31353032 35333333 0001140.15025333\n+ 0x001755d3 36323500 30313330 35300020 30000000 625.013050. 0...\n 0x001755e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001755f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175603 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175613 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175623 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175633 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175643 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x00175653 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00175653 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00175663 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x00175673 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00175673 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00175683 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175693 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9557,16 +9557,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14612467024\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94404,28 +94404,28 @@\n 0x0027d00b 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x0027d01b 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x0027d02b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d03b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d04b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d05b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d06b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d07b 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x0027d08b 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n+ 0x0027d07b 00000000 30303030 36363400 30303034 ....0000664.0004\n+ 0x0027d08b 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n 0x0027d09b 30303030 33353000 31343631 32343637 0000350.14612467\n- 0x0027d0ab 30323400 30313330 34300020 30000000 024.013040. 0...\n+ 0x0027d0ab 30323400 30313330 35360020 30000000 024.013056. 0...\n 0x0027d0bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d10b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d11b 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x0027d12b 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d12b 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d13b 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x0027d14b 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x0027d14b 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x0027d15b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d16b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d17b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d18b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d19b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10789,17 +10789,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-14622120242\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15025333625\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -130821,27 +130821,27 @@\n 0x0020ea6f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x0020ea7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eaaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eabf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eacf 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x0020eaef 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x0020eaff 31343632 32313230 32343200 30313330 14622120242.0130\n- 0x0020eb0f 33300020 30000000 00000000 00000000 30. 0...........\n+ 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x0020eaef 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x0020eaff 31353032 35333333 36323500 30313330 15025333625.0130\n+ 0x0020eb0f 35350020 30000000 00000000 00000000 55. 0...........\n 0x0020eb1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb5f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb6f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020eb8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020ebaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebcf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ec0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "xz --list", "source2": "xz --list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n Streams: 1\n Blocks: 1\n- Compressed size: 1293.9 KiB (1324924 B)\n+ Compressed size: 1293.8 KiB (1324888 B)\n Uncompressed size: 5520.0 KiB (5652480 B)\n Ratio: 0.234\n Check: CRC64\n Stream Padding: 0 B\n Streams:\n Stream Blocks CompOffset UncompOffset CompSize UncompSize Ratio Check Padding\n- 1 1 0 0 1324924 5652480 0.234 CRC64 0\n+ 1 1 0 0 1324888 5652480 0.234 CRC64 0\n Blocks:\n Stream Block CompOffset UncompOffset TotalSize UncompSize Ratio Check\n- 1 1 12 0 1324884 5652480 0.234 CRC64\n+ 1 1 12 0 1324848 5652480 0.234 CRC64\n"}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-3_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 633696 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 633724 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1540 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37891 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87272 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14848 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3572 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87273 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14847 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3579 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1957 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-25 14:52:04.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18889 +1,18889 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3138 204d 6179 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 0a20 18 May 2024)... \n-00000080: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n-00000090: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n-000000a0: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n-000000b0: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n-000000c0: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n-000000d0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-000000e0: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n-000000f0: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n-00000100: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n-00000110: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n-00000120: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n-00000140: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00000150: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n-00000160: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-00000170: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. 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Foun\n-000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n-000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n-000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n-00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n-00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n-00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n-00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. 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Generat\n-000002d0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e GRUB configura\n-000002e0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 tion.* grub-mkpa\n-000002f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 6772 sswd-pbkdf2: (gr\n-00000300: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000310: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00000320: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ..* grub-mkrelpa\n-00000330: 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 th: (grub)Invoki\n-00000340: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00000350: 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 h..* grub-mkresc\n-00000360: 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ue: (grub)Invoki\n-00000370: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00000380: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 . 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Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. Genera\n+000002d0: 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 te GRUB configur\n+000002e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ation.* grub-mkp\n+000002f0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 asswd-pbkdf2: (g\n+00000300: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000310: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00000320: 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 2..* grub-mkrelp\n+00000330: 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b ath: (grub)Invok\n+00000340: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00000350: 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 th..* grub-mkres\n+00000360: 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b cue: (grub)Invok\n+00000370: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00000380: 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 e. 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Pe\n+00000650: 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e rmission is gran\n+00000660: 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 ted to copy, dis\n+00000670: 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d tribute and/or m\n+00000680: 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 odify this. \n+00000690: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 document under t\n+000006a0: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 he terms of the \n+000006b0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+000006c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a tation License,.\n+000006d0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 Version 1.2\n+000006e0: 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 or any later ve\n+000006f0: 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 rsion published \n+00000700: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 by the Free Soft\n+00000710: 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 ware. Founda\n+00000720: 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e tion; with no In\n+00000730: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n+00000740: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e ...* Menu:..* In\n+00000750: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 troduction:: \n+00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 Capt\n+00000770: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 uring the spirit\n+00000780: 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e of GRUB.* Namin\n+00000790: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 g convention:: \n+000007a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f Names o\n+000007b0: 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e f your drives in\n+000007c0: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 GRUB.* OS-speci\n+000007d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n+000007e0: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 grub tools::. \n 000007f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 Some \n-00000810: 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6e67 2047 5255 Installing GRU\n+00000890: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000008a0: 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 * Booting:: \n+000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000008c0: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 How to boot diff\n+000008d0: 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 erent operating \n+000008e0: 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 systems.* Config\n+000008f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 uration:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 696e 6720 Writing \n+00000910: 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 your own configu\n+00000920: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 5468 ration file.* Th\n+00000930: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n+00000940: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 726d : Form\n+00000950: 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 at of GRUB theme\n+00000960: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b files.* Network\n+00000970: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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2047 5255 420a roduced by GRUB.\n-00000d50: 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 * User-space uti\n-00000d60: 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lities:: \n-00000d70: 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 Usage of user-sp\n-00000d80: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 ace utilities.* \n-00000d90: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n-00000da0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f ilding GRUB:: Ho\n-00000db0: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n-00000dc0: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 build GRUB.* Rep\n-00000dd0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 orting bugs:: \n-00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 Where\n-00000df0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 you should send\n-00000e00: 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 a bug report.* \n-00000e10: 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Future:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n-00000e30: 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 me future plans \n-00000e40: 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e on GRUB.* Copyin\n-00000e50: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 g This Manual:: \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 Copying \n-00000e70: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e This Manual.* In\n-00000e80: 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 dex::....File: g\n-00000e90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00000ea0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 Introduction, \n-00000eb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Next: Naming con\n-00000ec0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 vention, Prev: \n-00000ed0: 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 Top, Up: Top..1\n-00000ee0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f Introduction to\n-00000ef0: 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a GRUB.**********\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n-00000f10: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 Menu:..* Overvie\n-00000f20: 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 w:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 What exac\n-00000f40: 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 tly GRUB is and \n-00000f50: 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 how to use it.* \n-00000f60: 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 History:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 Fr\n-00000f80: 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 om maggot to hou\n-00000f90: 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 se fly.* Changes\n-00000fa0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n-00000fb0: 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 y:: Differenc\n-00000fc0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 es from previous\n-00000fd0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 versions.* Feat\n-00000fe0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ures:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 GRUB f\n-00001000: 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f eatures.* Role o\n-00001010: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a f a boot loader:\n-00001020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 : The role\n-00001030: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n-00001040: 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e r....File: grub.\n-00001050: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n-00001060: 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 rview, Next: Hi\n-00001070: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 story, Up: Intr\n-00001080: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 oduction..1.1 Ov\n-00001090: 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erview.=========\n-000010a0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 ===..Briefly, a \n-000010b0: e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...boot loader..\n-000010c0: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 . is the first s\n-000010d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 oftware program \n-000010e0: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 that runs when a\n-000010f0: 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 .computer starts\n-00001100: 2e20 2049 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It is respons\n-00001110: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ible for loading\n-00001120: 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e and transferrin\n-00001130: 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 g control.to an \n-00001140: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001150: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f ...kernel... so\n-00001160: 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ftware (such as \n-00001170: 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 Linux or GNU Mac\n-00001180: 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 h)..The kernel, \n-00001190: 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c in turn, initial\n-000011a0: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 izes the rest of\n-000011b0: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the operating s\n-000011c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e ystem (e.g..a GN\n-000011d0: 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 U system)... G\n-000011e0: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 NU GRUB is a ver\n-000011f0: 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 y powerful boot \n-00001200: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 loader, which ca\n-00001210: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 n load a wide.va\n-00001220: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 riety of free op\n-00001230: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-00001240: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 as well as prop\n-00001250: 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e rietary operatin\n-00001260: 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 g.systems with c\n-00001270: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 hain-loading(1) \n-00001280: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d (*note Overview-\n-00001290: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n-000012a0: 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 GRUB is.designed\n-000012b0: 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 to address the \n-000012c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f complexity of bo\n-000012d0: 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c oting a personal\n-000012e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a computer; both.\n-000012f0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 the program and \n-00001300: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 this manual are \n-00001310: 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f tightly bound to\n-00001320: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 that computer p\n-00001330: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 latform,.althoug\n-00001340: 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 h porting to oth\n-00001350: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 er platforms may\n-00001360: 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e be addressed in\n-00001370: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 the future... \n-00001380: 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f One of the impo\n-00001390: 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 rtant features i\n-000013a0: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 n GRUB is flexib\n-000013b0: 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 ility; GRUB.unde\n-000013c0: 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rstands filesyst\n-000013d0: 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 ems and kernel e\n-000013e0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 xecutable format\n-000013f0: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f s, so you can lo\n-00001400: 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 ad.an arbitrary \n-00001410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001420: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b the way you lik\n-00001430: 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 e, without recor\n-00001440: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 ding the.physica\n-00001450: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f l position of yo\n-00001460: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 ur kernel on the\n-00001470: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 disk. Thus you\n-00001480: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 can load the.ke\n-00001490: 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 rnel just by spe\n-000014a0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 cifying its file\n-000014b0: 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 name and the dr\n-000014c0: 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f ive and partitio\n-000014d0: 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e n.where the kern\n-000014e0: 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 el resides... \n-000014f0: 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 When booting wit\n-00001500: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 h GRUB, you can \n-00001510: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d use either a com\n-00001520: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00001530: 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 ace.(*note Comma\n-00001540: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00001550: 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 e::), or a menu \n-00001560: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 interface (*note\n-00001570: 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu.interface:\n-00001580: 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 :). Using the c\n-00001590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-000015a0: 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 rface, you type \n-000015b0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 the drive.specif\n-000015c0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 ication and file\n-000015d0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 name of the ker\n-000015e0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 nel manually. I\n-000015f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 n the menu.inter\n-00001600: 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 face, you just s\n-00001610: 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e elect an OS usin\n-00001620: 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 g the arrow keys\n-00001630: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 . The menu is.b\n-00001640: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 ased on a config\n-00001650: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 uration file whi\n-00001660: 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 ch you prepare b\n-00001670: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 eforehand (*note\n-00001680: 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .Configuration::\n-00001690: 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 ). While in the\n-000016a0: 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 menu, you can s\n-000016b0: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d witch to the com\n-000016c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 mand-line.mode, \n-000016d0: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 and vice-versa. \n-000016e0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 You can even ed\n-000016f0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 it menu entries \n-00001700: 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 before using the\n-00001710: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f m... In the fo\n-00001720: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 llowing chapters\n-00001730: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e , you will learn\n-00001740: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n-00001750: 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 a drive, a.parti\n-00001760: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 tion, and a file\n-00001770: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d name (*note Nam\n-00001780: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-00001790: 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 ) to GRUB, how t\n-000017a0: 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f o.install GRUB o\n-000017b0: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e n your drive (*n\n-000017c0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ote Installation\n-000017d0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ::), and how to \n-000017e0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 boot your.OSes (\n-000017f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 *note Booting::)\n-00001800: 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a , step by step..\n-00001810: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00001820: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n-00001830: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 iew-Footnotes, \n-00001840: 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 Up: Overview.. \n-00001850: 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (1) ...chain-lo\n-00001860: 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 ad... is the mec\n-00001870: 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 hanism for loadi\n-00001880: 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f ng unsupported o\n-00001890: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 perating.systems\n-000018a0: 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 by loading anot\n-000018b0: 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e her boot loader.\n-000018c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c It is typicall\n-000018d0: 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 y used for.loadi\n-000018e0: 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ng DOS or Window\n-000018f0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00001900: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 .info, Node: Hi\n-00001910: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 story, Next: Ch\n-00001920: 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 anges from GRUB \n-00001930: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Legacy, Prev: O\n-00001940: 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e verview, Up: In\n-00001950: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 troduction..1.2 \n-00001960: 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a History of GRUB.\n-00001970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e ===..GRUB origin\n-00001990: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 ated in 1995 whe\n-000019a0: 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 n Erich Boleyn w\n-000019b0: 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f as trying to boo\n-000019c0: 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 t the GNU.Hurd w\n-000019d0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 ith the Universi\n-000019e0: 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 ty of Utah's Mac\n-000019f0: 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 h 4 microkernel \n-00001a00: 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e (now known as GN\n-00001a10: 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 U.Mach). Erich \n-00001a20: 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 and Brian Ford d\n-00001a30: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 esigned the Mult\n-00001a40: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00001a50: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 ion (*note.Multi\n-00001a60: 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 boot Specificati\n-00001a70: 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 on: (multiboot)T\n-00001a80: 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 op.), because th\n-00001a90: 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e ey were determin\n-00001aa0: 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f ed.not to add to\n-00001ab0: 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 the large numbe\n-00001ac0: 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e r of mutually-in\n-00001ad0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f compatible PC bo\n-00001ae0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot methods... \n-00001af0: 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e Erich then began\n-00001b00: 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 modifying the F\n-00001b10: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 reeBSD boot load\n-00001b20: 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f er so that it wo\n-00001b30: 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d uld.understand M\n-00001b40: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f ultiboot. He so\n-00001b50: 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 on realized that\n-00001b60: 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c it would be a l\n-00001b70: 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 ot easier to.wri\n-00001b80: 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 te his own boot \n-00001b90: 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 loader from scra\n-00001ba0: 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 tch than to keep\n-00001bb0: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a working on the.\n-00001bc0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 FreeBSD boot loa\n-00001bd0: 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 der, and so GRUB\n-00001be0: 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 was born... E\n-00001bf0: 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 rich added many \n-00001c00: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 features to GRUB\n-00001c10: 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f , but other prio\n-00001c20: 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 rities prevented\n-00001c30: 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e him.from keepin\n-00001c40: 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 g up with the de\n-00001c50: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 mands of its qui\n-00001c60: 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 ckly-expanding u\n-00001c70: 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 ser base. In.19\n-00001c80: 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 99, Gordon Matzi\n-00001c90: 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e gkeit and Yoshin\n-00001ca0: 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f ori K. Okuji ado\n-00001cb0: 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a pted GRUB as an.\n-00001cc0: 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 official GNU pac\n-00001cd0: 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 kage, and opened\n-00001ce0: 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 its development\n-00001cf0: 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c by making the l\n-00001d00: 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 atest.sources av\n-00001d10: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e ailable via anon\n-00001d20: 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 ymous CVS. *Note\n-00001d30: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00001d40: 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 uilding.GRUB::, \n-00001d50: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-00001d60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 tion... 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By aroun\n-00002080: 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 d 2007, GNU/Linu\n-00002090: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 x distributions \n-000020a0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 started to use G\n-000020b0: 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 RUB 2 to.limited\n-000020c0: 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 extents, and by\n-000020d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 the end of 2009\n-000020e0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 multiple major \n-000020f0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 distributions.we\n-00002100: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 re installing it\n-00002110: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a by default.....\n-00002120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 Node: Changes \n-00002140: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n-00002150: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Next: Feature\n-00002160: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 s, Prev: Histor\n-00002170: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n-00002180: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 tion..1.3 Differ\n-00002190: 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 ences from previ\n-000021a0: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d ous versions.===\n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d Available m\n+00000b90: 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 odules.* Command\n+00000ba0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 Available\n+00000bc0: 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 builtin command\n+00000bd0: 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 s.* Internationa\n+00000be0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 lisation:: \n+00000bf0: 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e Topics relatin\n+00000c00: 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 g to language su\n+00000c10: 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 pport.* Security\n+00000c20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Authentica\n+00000c40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 tion, authorisat\n+00000c50: 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ion, and signatu\n+00000c60: 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c res.* Platform l\n+00000c70: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 imitations:: \n+00000c80: 2020 2020 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 Platform-spe\n+00000c90: 6369 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e cific limitation\n+00000ca0: 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 s.* Platform-spe\n+00000cb0: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n+00000cc0: 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 :: Platform-spec\n+00000cd0: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a ific operations.\n+00000ce0: 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e * Supported kern\n+00000cf0: 656c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 els:: \n+00000d00: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n+00000d10: 730a 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 s.* Troubleshoot\n+00000d20: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing:: \n+00000d30: 2020 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 Error messages\n+00000d40: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 produced by GRU\n+00000d50: 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 B.* User-space u\n+00000d60: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 tilities:: \n+00000d70: 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d Usage of user-\n+00000d80: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00000d90: 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 * Obtaining and \n+00000da0: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 Building GRUB:: \n+00000db0: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n+00000dc0: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 d build GRUB.* R\n+00000dd0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 eporting bugs:: \n+00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 Whe\n+00000df0: 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 re you should se\n+00000e00: 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a nd a bug report.\n+00000e10: 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * Future:: \n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e30: 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e Some future plan\n+00000e40: 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 s on GRUB.* Copy\n+00000e50: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a ing This Manual:\n+00000e60: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e : Copyin\n+00000e70: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 g This Manual.* \n+00000e80: 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a Index::....File:\n+00000e90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00000ea0: 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c e: Introduction,\n+00000eb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Next: Naming c\n+00000ec0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 onvention, Prev\n+00000ed0: 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a : Top, Up: Top.\n+00000ee0: 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 .1 Introduction \n+00000ef0: 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a to GRUB.********\n+00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00000f10: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 * Menu:..* Overv\n+00000f20: 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iew:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 What ex\n+00000f40: 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e actly GRUB is an\n+00000f50: 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a d how to use it.\n+00000f60: 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 * History:: \n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f80: 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 From maggot to h\n+00000f90: 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 ouse fly.* Chang\n+00000fa0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 es from GRUB Leg\n+00000fb0: 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 acy:: Differe\n+00000fc0: 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f nces from previo\n+00000fd0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 us versions.* Fe\n+00000fe0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atures:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n+00001000: 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 features.* Role\n+00001010: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+00001020: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f r:: The ro\n+00001030: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n+00001040: 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 der....File: gru\n+00001050: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n+00001060: 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 verview, Next: \n+00001070: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e History, Up: In\n+00001080: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 troduction..1.1 \n+00001090: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Overview.=======\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 =====..Briefly, \n+000010b0: 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 a ...boot loader\n+000010c0: e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ... is the first\n+000010d0: 2073 6f66 7477 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It is respo\n+00001110: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 nsible for loadi\n+00001120: 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 ng and transferr\n+00001130: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 ing control.to a\n+00001140: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00001150: 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 em ...kernel... \n+00001160: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 software (such a\n+00001170: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d s Linux or GNU M\n+00001180: 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c ach)..The kernel\n+00001190: 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 , in turn, initi\n+000011a0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 alizes the rest \n+000011b0: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 of the operating\n+000011c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 system (e.g..a \n+000011d0: 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 GNU system)... \n+000011e0: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 GNU GRUB is a v\n+000011f0: 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f ery powerful boo\n+00001200: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t loader, which \n+00001210: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a can load a wide.\n+00001220: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 variety of free \n+00001230: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001240: 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 s, as well as pr\n+00001250: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 oprietary operat\n+00001260: 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ing.systems with\n+00001270: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 chain-loading(1\n+00001280: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 ) (*note Overvie\n+00001290: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e w-Footnote-1::).\n+000012a0: 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e GRUB is.design\n+000012b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 ed to address th\n+000012c0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 e complexity of \n+000012d0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e booting a person\n+000012e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 al computer; bot\n+000012f0: 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e h.the program an\n+00001300: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 d this manual ar\n+00001310: 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 e tightly bound \n+00001320: 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 to that computer\n+00001330: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f platform,.altho\n+00001340: 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f ugh porting to o\n+00001350: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d ther platforms m\n+00001360: 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 ay be addressed \n+00001370: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n+00001380: 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d One of the im\n+00001390: 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 portant features\n+000013a0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 in GRUB is flex\n+000013b0: 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e ibility; GRUB.un\n+000013c0: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 derstands filesy\n+000013d0: 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c stems and kernel\n+000013e0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d executable form\n+000013f0: 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ats, so you can \n+00001400: 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 load.an arbitrar\n+00001410: 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 y operating syst\n+00001420: 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c em the way you l\n+00001430: 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 ike, without rec\n+00001440: 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 ording the.physi\n+00001450: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal position of \n+00001460: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 your kernel on t\n+00001470: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 he disk. Thus y\n+00001480: 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a ou can load the.\n+00001490: 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 kernel just by s\n+000014a0: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 pecifying its fi\n+000014b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 le name and the \n+000014c0: 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 drive and partit\n+000014d0: 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 ion.where the ke\n+000014e0: 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 rnel resides... \n+000014f0: 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 When booting w\n+00001500: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 ith GRUB, you ca\n+00001510: 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 n use either a c\n+00001520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00001530: 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d rface.(*note Com\n+00001540: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00001550: 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e ace::), or a men\n+00001560: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f u interface (*no\n+00001570: 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 te Menu.interfac\n+00001580: 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 e::). Using the\n+00001590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n+000015a0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 terface, you typ\n+000015b0: 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 e the drive.spec\n+000015c0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 ification and fi\n+000015d0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b le name of the k\n+000015e0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 ernel manually. \n+000015f0: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 In the menu.int\n+00001600: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 erface, you just\n+00001610: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 select an OS us\n+00001620: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 ing the arrow ke\n+00001630: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 ys. The menu is\n+00001640: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 .based on a conf\n+00001650: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 iguration file w\n+00001660: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 hich you prepare\n+00001670: 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f beforehand (*no\n+00001680: 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te.Configuration\n+00001690: 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 ::). While in t\n+000016a0: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e he menu, you can\n+000016b0: 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 switch to the c\n+000016c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 ommand-line.mode\n+000016d0: 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 , and vice-versa\n+000016e0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 . You can even \n+000016f0: 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 edit menu entrie\n+00001700: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 s before using t\n+00001710: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 hem... In the \n+00001720: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 following chapte\n+00001730: 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 rs, you will lea\n+00001740: 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 rn how to specif\n+00001750: 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 y a drive, a.par\n+00001760: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 tition, and a fi\n+00001770: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e le name (*note N\n+00001780: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+00001790: 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 ::) to GRUB, how\n+000017a0: 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to.install GRUB\n+000017b0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 on your drive (\n+000017c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 *note Installati\n+000017d0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 on::), and how t\n+000017e0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 o boot your.OSes\n+000017f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a (*note Booting:\n+00001800: 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 :), step by step\n+00001810: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00001820: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n+00001830: 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c rview-Footnotes,\n+00001840: 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a Up: Overview..\n+00001850: 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d (1) ...chain-\n+00001860: 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d load... is the m\n+00001870: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 echanism for loa\n+00001880: 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ding unsupported\n+00001890: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 operating.syste\n+000018a0: 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e ms by loading an\n+000018b0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n+000018c0: 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 r. It is typica\n+000018d0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 lly used for.loa\n+000018e0: 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 ding DOS or Wind\n+000018f0: 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ows.....File: gr\n+00001900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00001910: 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 History, Next: \n+00001920: 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Changes from GRU\n+00001930: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a B Legacy, Prev:\n+00001940: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 Overview, Up: \n+00001950: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n+00001960: 3220 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 2 History of GRU\n+00001970: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 =====..GRUB orig\n+00001990: 696e 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 inated in 1995 w\n+000019a0: 6865 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e hen Erich Boleyn\n+000019b0: 2077 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 was trying to b\n+000019c0: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 oot the GNU.Hurd\n+000019d0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 with the Univer\n+000019e0: 7369 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d sity of Utah's M\n+000019f0: 6163 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 ach 4 microkerne\n+00001a00: 6c20 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 l (now known as \n+00001a10: 474e 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 GNU.Mach). Eric\n+00001a20: 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 h and Brian Ford\n+00001a30: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 designed the Mu\n+00001a40: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00001a50: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c ation (*note.Mul\n+00001a60: 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 tiboot Specifica\n+00001a70: 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 tion: (multiboot\n+00001a80: 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 )Top.), because \n+00001a90: 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d they were determ\n+00001aa0: 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 ined.not to add \n+00001ab0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d to the large num\n+00001ac0: 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d ber of mutually-\n+00001ad0: 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 incompatible PC \n+00001ae0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 boot methods... \n+00001af0: 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 Erich then beg\n+00001b00: 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 an modifying the\n+00001b10: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f FreeBSD boot lo\n+00001b20: 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 ader so that it \n+00001b30: 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 would.understand\n+00001b40: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 Multiboot. He \n+00001b50: 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 soon realized th\n+00001b60: 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 at it would be a\n+00001b70: 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 lot easier to.w\n+00001b80: 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f rite his own boo\n+00001b90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 t loader from sc\n+00001ba0: 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 ratch than to ke\n+00001bb0: 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 ep working on th\n+00001bc0: 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c e.FreeBSD boot l\n+00001bd0: 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 oader, and so GR\n+00001be0: 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 UB was born... \n+00001bf0: 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e Erich added man\n+00001c00: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 y features to GR\n+00001c10: 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 UB, but other pr\n+00001c20: 696f 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 iorities prevent\n+00001c30: 6564 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 ed him.from keep\n+00001c40: 696e 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ing up with the \n+00001c50: 6465 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 demands of its q\n+00001c60: 7569 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 uickly-expanding\n+00001c70: 2075 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a user base. In.\n+00001c80: 3139 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 1999, Gordon Mat\n+00001c90: 7a69 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 zigkeit and Yosh\n+00001ca0: 696e 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 inori K. Okuji a\n+00001cb0: 646f 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 dopted GRUB as a\n+00001cc0: 6e0a 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 n.official GNU p\n+00001cd0: 6163 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e ackage, and open\n+00001ce0: 6564 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 ed its developme\n+00001cf0: 6e74 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 nt by making the\n+00001d00: 206c 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 latest.sources \n+00001d10: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e available via an\n+00001d20: 6f6e 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f onymous CVS. *No\n+00001d30: 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 te Obtaining and\n+00001d40: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a Building.GRUB::\n+00001d50: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 , for more infor\n+00001d60: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 mation... Over\n+00001d70: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 the next few ye\n+00001d80: 6172 732c 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 ars, GRUB was ex\n+00001d90: 7465 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d tended to meet m\n+00001da0: 616e 7920 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 any needs, but i\n+00001db0: 740a 7175 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 t.quickly became\n+00001dc0: 2063 6c65 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 clear that its \n+00001dd0: 6465 7369 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b design was not k\n+00001de0: 6565 7069 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 eeping up with t\n+00001df0: 6865 0a65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 he.extensions be\n+00001e00: 696e 6720 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 ing made to it, \n+00001e10: 616e 6420 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 and we reached t\n+00001e20: 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 he point where i\n+00001e30: 7420 7761 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 t was very.diffi\n+00001e40: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 cult to make any\n+00001e50: 2066 7572 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 further changes\n+00001e60: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e without breakin\n+00001e70: 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 g existing.featu\n+00001e80: 7265 732e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 res. Around 200\n+00001e90: 322c 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 2, Yoshinori K. \n+00001ea0: 4f6b 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f Okuji started wo\n+00001eb0: 726b 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c rk on PUPA.(Prel\n+00001ec0: 696d 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 iminary Universa\n+00001ed0: 6c20 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 l Programming Ar\n+00001ee0: 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 chitecture for G\n+00001ef0: 4e55 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 NU GRUB), aiming\n+00001f00: 2074 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 to.rewrite the \n+00001f10: 636f 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 core of GRUB to \n+00001f20: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c make it cleaner,\n+00001f30: 2073 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 safer, more rob\n+00001f40: 7573 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f ust, and.more po\n+00001f50: 7765 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 werful. PUPA wa\n+00001f60: 7320 6576 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e s eventually ren\n+00001f70: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 amed to GRUB 2, \n+00001f80: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c and the original\n+00001f90: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 .version of GRUB\n+00001fa0: 2077 6173 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 was renamed to \n+00001fb0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d GRUB Legacy. Sm\n+00001fc0: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d all amounts of.m\n+00001fd0: 6169 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 aintenance conti\n+00001fe0: 6e75 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 nued to be done \n+00001ff0: 6f6e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 on GRUB Legacy, \n+00002000: 6275 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c but the last rel\n+00002010: 6561 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 ease.(0.97) was \n+00002020: 6d61 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 made in 2005 and\n+00002030: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 at the time of \n+00002040: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 writing it seems\n+00002050: 2075 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 unlikely.that t\n+00002060: 6865 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f here will be ano\n+00002070: 7468 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f ther... By aro\n+00002080: 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 und 2007, GNU/Li\n+00002090: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n+000020a0: 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 s started to use\n+000020b0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 GRUB 2 to.limit\n+000020c0: 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 ed extents, and \n+000020d0: 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 by the end of 20\n+000020e0: 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 09 multiple majo\n+000020f0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a r distributions.\n+00002100: 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 were installing \n+00002110: 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a it by default...\n+00002120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00002130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 o, Node: Change\n+00002140: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00002150: 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 cy, Next: Featu\n+00002160: 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 res, Prev: Hist\n+00002170: 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 ory, Up: Introd\n+00002180: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 uction..1.3 Diff\n+00002190: 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 erences from pre\n+000021a0: 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d vious versions.=\n 000021b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 ===..GRUB 2 is a\n-000021e0: 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 rewrite of GRUB\n-000021f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a (*note History:\n-00002200: 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 :), although it \n-00002210: 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 shares many.char\n-00002220: 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 acteristics with\n-00002230: 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 the previous ve\n-00002240: 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e rsion, now known\n-00002250: 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e as GRUB Legacy.\n-00002260: 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c .Users of GRUB L\n-00002270: 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 egacy may need s\n-00002280: 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 ome guidance to \n-00002290: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 find their way a\n-000022a0: 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 round.this new v\n-000022b0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ersion... ... \n-000022c0: 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f The configuratio\n-000022d0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 n file has a new\n-000022e0: 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 name (...grub.c\n-000022f0: 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 fg... rather tha\n-00002300: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c n. ...menu.l\n-00002310: 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 st... or ...grub\n-00002320: 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 .conf...), new s\n-00002330: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e yntax (*note Con\n-00002340: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e figuration::) an\n-00002350: 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 d. many new \n-00002360: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n-00002370: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f Commands::). Co\n-00002380: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e nfiguration cann\n-00002390: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 ot be. copie\n-000023a0: 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c d over directly,\n-000023b0: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 although most G\n-000023c0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 RUB Legacy users\n-000023d0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 should not. \n-000023e0: 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 find the syntax\n-000023f0: 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e too surprising.\n-00002400: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 .. ... ...grub\n-00002410: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 .cfg... is typic\n-00002420: 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c ally automatical\n-00002430: 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 ly generated by \n-00002440: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00002450: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-00002460: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-00002470: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d tion::). This m\n-00002480: 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 akes it easier t\n-00002490: 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 o handle. ve\n-000024a0: 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 rsioned kernel u\n-000024b0: 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 pgrades... ...\n-000024c0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 Partition numbe\n-000024d0: 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 rs in GRUB devic\n-000024e0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 e names now star\n-000024f0: 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a t at 1, not 0 (*\n-00002500: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 note. Naming\n-00002510: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a convention::)..\n-00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 . ... The conf\n-00002530: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-00002540: 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e s now written in\n-00002550: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 something close\n-00002560: 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 r to a full. \n-00002570: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n-00002580: 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 age: variables, \n-00002590: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e conditionals, an\n-000025a0: 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 d loops are. \n-000025b0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-000025c0: e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ... A small amou\n-000025d0: 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 nt of persistent\n-000025e0: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 storage is avai\n-000025f0: 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 lable across reb\n-00002600: 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 oots,. using\n-00002610: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 the ...save_env\n-00002620: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f ... and ...load_\n-00002630: 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 env... commands \n-00002640: 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a in GRUB and the.\n-00002650: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 ...grub-edi\n-00002660: 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e tenv... utility.\n-00002670: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 This is not av\n-00002680: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 ailable in all. \n-00002690: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-000026a0: 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ns (*note Enviro\n-000026b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a nment block::)..\n-000026c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 . ... GRUB 2 h\n-000026d0: 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 as more reliable\n-000026e0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 ways to find it\n-000026f0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 s own files and \n-00002700: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 those of. ta\n-00002710: 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 rget kernels on \n-00002720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 multiple-disk sy\n-00002730: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 stems, and has c\n-00002740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ommands (*note. \n-00002750: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f search::) to\n-00002760: 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 find devices us\n-00002770: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ing file system \n-00002780: 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 labels or Univer\n-00002790: 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 sally. 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Many m\n-000028a0: 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ore file systems\n-000028b0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 are supported, \n-000028c0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f including but no\n-000028d0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n-000028e0: 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e ext4, HFS+, an\n-000028f0: 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d NTFS... ... \n-00002900: 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 GRUB 2 can read \n-00002910: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 files directly f\n-00002920: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 rom LVM and RAID\n-00002930: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 devices... ..\n-00002940: a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 . A graphical te\n-00002950: 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 rminal and a gra\n-00002960: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 phical menu syst\n-00002970: 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 em are available\n-00002980: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n-00002990: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 's interface can\n-000029a0: 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 be translated, \n-000029b0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 including menu e\n-000029c0: 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ntry names... \n-000029d0: e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 ... The image fi\n-000029e0: 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 les (*note Image\n-000029f0: 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 s::) that make u\n-00002a00: 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e p GRUB have been\n-00002a10: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 . reorganise\n-00002a20: 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 d; Stage 1, Stag\n-00002a30: 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 e 1.5, and Stage\n-00002a40: 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 2 are no more..\n-00002a50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 . ... GRUB 2 p\n-00002a60: 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 uts many facilit\n-00002a70: 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c ies in dynamical\n-00002a80: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ly loaded module\n-00002a90: 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 s, allowing. \n-00002aa0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-00002ab0: 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 to be smaller, a\n-00002ac0: 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 nd allowing the \n-00002ad0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 core image to be\n-00002ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d . built in m\n-00002af0: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n-00002b00: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00002b10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 .info, Node: Fe\n-00002b20: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 atures, Next: R\n-00002b30: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00002b40: 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 ader, Prev: Cha\n-00002b50: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n-00002b60: 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 egacy, Up: Intr\n-00002b70: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 oduction..1.4 GR\n-00002b80: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d UB features.====\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00002ba0: 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 he primary requi\n-00002bb0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 rement for GRUB \n-00002bc0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f is that it be co\n-00002bd0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mpliant with the\n-00002be0: 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ....Multiboot Sp\n-00002bf0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 ecification..., \n-00002c00: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 which is describ\n-00002c10: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 ed in *note Mult\n-00002c20: 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot.Specificat\n-00002c30: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-00002c40: 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 Top... 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Backward co\n-00002d20: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 mpatibility for \n-00002d30: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c booting FreeBSD,\n-00002d40: 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 NetBSD, OpenBSD\n-00002d50: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 , and. Linux\n-00002d60: 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b . Proprietary k\n-00002d70: 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ernels (such as \n-00002d80: 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c DOS, Windows NT,\n-00002d90: 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 and OS/2) are. \n-00002da0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 supported vi\n-00002db0: 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e a a chain-loadin\n-00002dc0: 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 g function... \n-00002dd0: 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 Except for speci\n-00002de0: 6669 6320 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 fic compatibilit\n-00002df0: 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c y modes (chain-l\n-00002e00: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c oading and the L\n-00002e10: 696e 7578 0ae2 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 inux....piggybac\n-00002e20: 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c k... format), al\n-00002e30: 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 l kernels will b\n-00002e40: 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 e started in muc\n-00002e50: 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 h the same state\n-00002e60: 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 .as in the Multi\n-00002e70: 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 boot Specificati\n-00002e80: 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c on. 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An examp\n-00003340: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-00003350: 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 file is. pr\n-00003360: 6f76 6964 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 ovided in *note \n-00003370: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e Configuration::.\n-00003380: 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 ..Provide a menu\n-00003390: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 interface. \n-000033a0: 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 A menu interface\n-000033b0: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 listing preset \n-000033c0: 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 boot commands, w\n-000033d0: 6974 6820 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 ith a programmab\n-000033e0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c le. timeout,\n-000033f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 is available. \n-00003400: 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 There is no fixe\n-00003410: 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e d limit on the n\n-00003420: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f umber of. bo\n-00003430: 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 ot entries, and \n-00003440: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c the current impl\n-00003450: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 ementation has s\n-00003460: 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c pace for several\n-00003470: 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a . hundred...\n-00003480: 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 Have a flexible \n-00003490: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n-000034a0: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 erface. A fa\n-000034b0: 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f irly flexible co\n-000034c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-000034d0: 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 face, accessible\n-000034e0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a from the menu,.\n-000034f0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c is availabl\n-00003500: 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 e to edit any pr\n-00003510: 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f eset commands, o\n-00003520: 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f r write a new bo\n-00003530: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ot. command \n-00003540: 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 set from scratch\n-00003550: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 . If no configu\n-00003560: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 ration file is p\n-00003570: 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 resent,. GRU\n-00003580: 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 B drops to the c\n-00003590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 ommand-line... \n-000035a0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 The list of c\n-000035b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ommands (*note C\n-000035c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 ommands::) are a\n-000035d0: 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 subset of those\n-000035e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 . supported \n-000035f0: 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f for configuratio\n-00003600: 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e n files. Editin\n-00003610: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 g commands close\n-00003620: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 ly. resemble\n-00003630: 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the Bash comma\n-00003640: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 nd-line (*note B\n-00003650: 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 ash: (features)C\n-00003660: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 ommand Line. \n-00003670: 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 Editing.), with\n-00003680: 203c 5441 423e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f -completio\n-00003690: 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 n of commands, d\n-000036a0: 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f evices, partitio\n-000036b0: 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c ns,. and fil\n-000036c0: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 es in a director\n-000036d0: 7920 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 y depending on c\n-000036e0: 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 ontext...Support\n-000036f0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 multiple filesy\n-00003700: 7374 656d 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 stem types. \n-00003710: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 Support multiple\n-00003720: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 filesystem type\n-00003730: 7320 7472 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c s transparently,\n-00003740: 2070 6c75 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 plus a useful. \n-00003750: 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f explicit blo\n-00003760: 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e cklist notation.\n-00003770: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 The currently \n-00003780: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 supported filesy\n-00003790: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 stem. types \n-000037a0: 6172 6520 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2046 6173 are ...Amiga Fas\n-000037b0: 7420 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 t FileSystem (AF\n-000037c0: 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 7468 654f FS)..., ...AtheO\n-000037d0: 5320 6673 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 4265 4653 S fs..., ...BeFS\n-000037e0: e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c42 7472 ...,. ...Btr\n-000037f0: 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 FS... (including\n-00003800: 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 raid0, raid1, r\n-00003810: 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 aid10, gzip and \n-00003820: 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d lzo), ...cpio...\n-00003830: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 . (little- a\n-00003840: 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 nd big-endian bi\n-00003850: 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 n, odc and newc \n-00003860: 7661 7269 616e 7473 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 variants), ...Li\n-00003870: 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 7874 322f 6578 nux. ext2/ex\n-00003880: 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 t3/ext4..., ...D\n-00003890: 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 OS FAT12/FAT16/F\n-000038a0: 4154 3332 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 4641 AT32..., ...exFA\n-000038b0: 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c46 3246 53e2 809d T..., ...F2FS...\n-000038c0: 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 , ...HFS...,. \n-000038d0: 2020 e280 9c48 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 ...HFS+..., ..\n-000038e0: 9c49 534f 3936 3630 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 .ISO9660... (inc\n-000038f0: 6c75 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 luding Joliet, R\n-00003900: 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 ock-ridge and mu\n-00003910: 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 lti-chunk. f\n-00003920: 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c 4a46 53e2 809d iles), ...JFS...\n-00003930: 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 2066 73e2 809d , ...Minix fs...\n-00003940: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 (versions 1, 2 \n-00003950: 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 9c6e 696c 6673 and 3), ...nilfs\n-00003960: 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 2..., ...NTFS...\n-00003970: 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 . (including\n-00003980: 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 compression), .\n-00003990: 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 ..ReiserFS..., .\n-000039a0: 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 ..ROMFS..., ...A\n-000039b0: 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 miga Smart. \n-000039c0: 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 FileSystem (SFS)\n-000039d0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 7561 7368 34e2 ..., ...Squash4.\n-000039e0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 .., ...tar..., .\n-000039f0: 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 ..UDF..., ...BSD\n-00003a00: 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 UFS/UFS2..., ..\n-00003a10: 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e .XFS...,. an\n-00003a20: 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 d ...ZFS... (inc\n-00003a30: 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 luding lzjb, gzi\n-00003a40: 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 p, zle, mirror, \n-00003a50: 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 stripe, raidz1/2\n-00003a60: 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 /3. and encr\n-00003a70: 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 yption in AES-CC\n-00003a80: 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 M and AES-GCM). \n-00003a90: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d *Note Filesystem\n-00003aa0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 ::, for. mor\n-00003ab0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-00003ac0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 Support automati\n-00003ad0: 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a c decompression.\n-00003ae0: 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 Can decompr\n-00003af0: 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 ess files which \n-00003b00: 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 were compressed \n-00003b10: 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 by ...gzip... or\n-00003b20: 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 ...xz...(2). \n-00003b30: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n-00003b40: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e s-Footnote-2::).\n-00003b50: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n-00003b60: 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 is both automati\n-00003b70: 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 c and. trans\n-00003b80: 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 parent to the us\n-00003b90: 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 er (i.e. all fu\n-00003ba0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nctions operate \n-00003bb0: 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e upon the. un\n-00003bc0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 compressed conte\n-00003bd0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 nts of the speci\n-00003be0: 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 fied files). Th\n-00003bf0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is greatly. \n-00003c00: 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 reduces a file s\n-00003c10: 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ize and loading \n-00003c20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c time, a particul\n-00003c30: 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 arly great benef\n-00003c40: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 it. for flop\n-00003c50: 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 pies.(3) (*note\n-00003c60: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-00003c70: 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 te-3::).. It\n-00003c80: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 is conceivable \n-00003c90: 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c that some kernel\n-00003ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 modules should \n-00003cb0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 be loaded in a. \n-00003cc0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 compressed s\n-00003cd0: 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 tate, so a diffe\n-00003ce0: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 rent module-load\n-00003cf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ing command can \n-00003d00: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n-00003d10: 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d d to avoid uncom\n-00003d20: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 pressing the mod\n-00003d30: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 ules...Access da\n-00003d40: 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c ta on any instal\n-00003d50: 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 led device. \n-00003d60: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 Support reading \n-00003d70: 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 data from any or\n-00003d80: 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 all floppies or\n-00003d90: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 hard disk(s). \n-00003da0: 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 recognized by\n-00003db0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 the BIOS, indep\n-00003dc0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 endent of the se\n-00003dd0: 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f tting of the roo\n-00003de0: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n-00003df0: 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f Be independent o\n-00003e00: 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 f drive geometry\n-00003e10: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 translations. \n-00003e20: 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f Unlike many o\n-00003e30: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-00003e40: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 s, GRUB makes th\n-00003e50: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 e particular dri\n-00003e60: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ve. translat\n-00003e70: 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 ion irrelevant. \n-00003e80: 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c A drive install\n-00003e90: 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 ed and running w\n-00003ea0: 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 ith one. tra\n-00003eb0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 nslation may be \n-00003ec0: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f converted to ano\n-00003ed0: 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e ther translation\n-00003ee0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 without any. \n-00003ef0: 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 adverse effect\n-00003f00: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 s or changes in \n-00003f10: 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 GRUB's configura\n-00003f20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c tion...Detect al\n-00003f30: 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a l installed RAM.\n-00003f40: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 GRUB can ge\n-00003f50: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c nerally find all\n-00003f60: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 the installed R\n-00003f70: 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 AM on a PC-compa\n-00003f80: 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 tible. machi\n-00003f90: 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 ne. It uses an \n-00003fa0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 advanced BIOS qu\n-00003fb0: 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f ery technique fo\n-00003fc0: 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 r finding all. \n-00003fd0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e memory region\n-00003fe0: 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 s. As described\n-00003ff0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f on the Multiboo\n-00004000: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n-00004010: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 (*note. Mult\n-00004020: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00004030: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-00004040: 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b Top.), not all k\n-00004050: 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a ernels make use.\n-00004060: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 of this inf\n-00004070: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 ormation, but GR\n-00004080: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 UB provides it f\n-00004090: 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e or those who do.\n-000040a0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 ..Support Logica\n-000040b0: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 l Block Address \n-000040c0: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 mode. In tra\n-000040d0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 ditional disk ca\n-000040e0: 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 lls (called ...C\n-000040f0: 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 HS mode...), the\n-00004100: 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 re is a geometry\n-00004110: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f . translatio\n-00004120: 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 n problem, that \n-00004130: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e is, the BIOS can\n-00004140: 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 not access over \n-00004150: 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 1024. cylind\n-00004160: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 ers, so the acce\n-00004170: 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssible space is \n-00004180: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 limited to at le\n-00004190: 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 ast 508 MB. \n-000041a0: 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 and to at most 8\n-000041b0: 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 GB. GRUB can't u\n-000041c0: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 niversally solve\n-000041d0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 this problem, a\n-000041e0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s. there is \n-000041f0: 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 no standard inte\n-00004200: 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c rface used in al\n-00004210: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 l machines. How\n-00004220: 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 ever,. sever\n-00004230: 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 al newer machine\n-00004240: 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 s have the new i\n-00004250: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 nterface, Logica\n-00004260: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 l Block. Add\n-00004270: 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 ress (...LBA...)\n-00004280: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 mode. GRUB aut\n-00004290: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-000042a0: 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 ts if LBA mode i\n-000042b0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s. available\n-000042c0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 and uses it if \n-000042d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c available. In L\n-000042e0: 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 BA mode, GRUB ca\n-000042f0: 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 n access. th\n-00004300: 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e entire disk...\n-00004310: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 Support network \n-00004320: 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 booting. GRU\n-00004330: 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 B is basically a\n-00004340: 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 disk-based boot\n-00004350: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f loader but also\n-00004360: 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 has network. \n-00004370: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 support. You \n-00004380: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 can load OS imag\n-00004390: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 es from a networ\n-000043a0: 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 k by using the .\n-000043b0: 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 ..TFTP.... p\n-000043c0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 rotocol...Suppor\n-000043d0: 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 t remote termina\n-000043e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f ls. To suppo\n-000043f0: 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 rt computers wit\n-00004400: 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 h no console, GR\n-00004410: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f UB provides remo\n-00004420: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 te terminal. \n-00004430: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 support, so tha\n-00004440: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f t you can contro\n-00004450: 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 l GRUB from a re\n-00004460: 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 mote host. Only\n-00004470: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 . serial ter\n-00004480: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 minal support is\n-00004490: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 implemented at \n-000044a0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the moment.....F\n-000044b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000044c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d Node: Features-\n-000044d0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-000044e0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Features.. (1)\n-000044f0: 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 The NetBSD/i386\n-00004500: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 kernel is Multi\n-00004510: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 boot-compliant, \n-00004520: 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 but lacks suppor\n-00004530: 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t.for Multiboot \n-00004540: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 modules... (2)\n-00004550: 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 Only CRC32 data\n-00004560: 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b integrity check\n-00004570: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 is supported (x\n-00004580: 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 z default is CRC\n-00004590: 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 64.so one should\n-000045a0: 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 use -check=crc3\n-000045b0: 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2 option). LZMA\n-000045c0: 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 BCJ filters are\n-000045d0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n-000045e0: 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 (3) There are a \n-000045f0: 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c few pathological\n-00004600: 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 cases where loa\n-00004610: 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c ding a very badl\n-00004620: 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 y.organized ELF \n-00004630: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b kernel might tak\n-00004640: 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e e longer, but in\n-00004650: 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e practice this n\n-00004660: 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a ever.happen.....\n-00004670: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00004680: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 Node: Role of \n-00004690: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 a boot loader, \n-000046a0: 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 Prev: Features, \n-000046b0: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f Up: Introductio\n-000046c0: 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 n..1.5 The role \n-000046d0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-000046e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00004700: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 The following is\n-00004710: 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f a quotation fro\n-00004720: 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b m Gordon Matzigk\n-00004730: 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 eit, a GRUB fana\n-00004740: 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 tic:.. Some \n-00004750: 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 people like to a\n-00004760: 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 cknowledge both \n-00004770: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n-00004780: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 stem and. ke\n-00004790: 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 rnel when they t\n-000047a0: 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 alk about their \n-000047b0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 computers, so th\n-000047c0: 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 ey might say the\n-000047d0: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f y. use \"GNU/\n-000047e0: 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 Linux\" or \"GNU/H\n-000047f0: 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f urd\". Other peo\n-00004800: 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e ple seem to thin\n-00004810: 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 k that the. \n-00004820: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f kernel is the mo\n-00004830: 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 st important par\n-00004840: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c t of the system,\n-00004850: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f so they like to\n-00004860: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 . call their\n-00004870: 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 GNU operating s\n-00004880: 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 ystems \"Linux sy\n-00004890: 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c stems.\".. I,\n-000048a0: 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c personally, bel\n-000048b0: 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 ieve that this i\n-000048c0: 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 s a grave injust\n-000048d0: 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ice, because the\n-000048e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 . _boot load\n-000048f0: 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 er_ is the most \n-00004900: 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 important softwa\n-00004910: 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 re of all. I us\n-00004920: 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 ed to. refer\n-00004930: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 to the above sy\n-00004940: 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 stems as either \n-00004950: 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 \"LILO\"(1) (*note\n-00004960: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 Role of a. \n-00004970: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 boot loader-Foot\n-00004980: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 note-1::) or \"GR\n-00004990: 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 UB\" systems... \n-000049a0: 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 Unfortunately\n-000049b0: 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e , nobody ever un\n-000049c0: 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 derstood what I \n-000049d0: 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 was talking abou\n-000049e0: 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 t; now. I ju\n-000049f0: 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 st use the word \n-00004a00: 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 \"GNU\" as a pseud\n-00004a10: 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a onym for GRUB...\n-00004a20: 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 So, if you \n-00004a30: 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 ever hear people\n-00004a40: 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 talking about t\n-00004a50: 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e heir alleged \"GN\n-00004a60: 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c U\". systems,\n-00004a70: 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 remember that t\n-00004a80: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 hey are actually\n-00004a90: 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 paying homage t\n-00004aa0: 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 o the best. \n-00004ab0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 boot loader arou\n-00004ac0: 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 nd... GRUB!.. \n-00004ad0: 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 We, the GRUB mai\n-00004ae0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 ntainers, do not\n-00004af0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 (usually) encou\n-00004b00: 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 rage Gordon's le\n-00004b10: 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 vel.of fanaticis\n-00004b20: 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 m, but it helps \n-00004b30: 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 to remember that\n-00004b40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 boot loaders de\n-00004b50: 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f serve.recognitio\n-00004b60: 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 n. We hope that\n-00004b70: 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 you enjoy using\n-00004b80: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 GNU GRUB as muc\n-00004b90: 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 h as we did.writ\n-00004ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing it.....File:\n-00004bb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004bc0: 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f e: Role of a boo\n-00004bd0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 t loader-Footnot\n-00004be0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 es, Up: Role of\n-00004bf0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a a boot loader..\n-00004c00: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 (1) The LInux\n-00004c10: 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 LOader, a boot \n-00004c20: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 loader that ever\n-00004c30: 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 ybody uses, but \n-00004c40: 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f nobody.likes....\n-00004c50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004c60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 , Node: Naming \n-00004c70: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 convention, Nex\n-00004c80: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n-00004c90: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n-00004ca0: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e tools, Prev: In\n-00004cb0: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a troduction, Up:\n-00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Top..2 Naming c\n-00004cd0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a onvention.******\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-00004cf0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n-00004d00: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 used in GRUB is\n-00004d10: 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 a wee bit diffe\n-00004d20: 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 rent from what y\n-00004d30: 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e ou may.have seen\n-00004d40: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 before in your \n-00004d50: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00004d60: 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 (s), and you nee\n-00004d70: 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a d to know it so.\n-00004d80: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 that you can spe\n-00004d90: 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 cify a drive/par\n-00004da0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b tition... Look\n-00004db0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e at the followin\n-00004dc0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 g examples and e\n-00004dd0: 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 xplanations:.. \n-00004de0: 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 (fd0).. Fir\n-00004df0: 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 st of all, GRUB \n-00004e00: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 requires that th\n-00004e10: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 e device name be\n-00004e20: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 enclosed with .\n-00004e30: 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 ..(....and ...).\n-00004e40: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 ... The ...fd..\n-00004e50: 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 . part means tha\n-00004e60: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 t it is a floppy\n-00004e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 disk. The numb\n-00004e80: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 er ...0....is th\n-00004e90: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 e drive number, \n-00004ea0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 which is counted\n-00004eb0: 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 from _zero_. T\n-00004ec0: 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d his expression.m\n-00004ed0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 eans that GRUB w\n-00004ee0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c ill use the whol\n-00004ef0: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e floppy disk...\n-00004f00: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 (hd0,msdos2\n-00004f10: 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 ).. Here, ...h\n-00004f20: 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 d... means it is\n-00004f30: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 a hard disk dri\n-00004f40: 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 ve. The first i\n-00004f50: 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 nteger ...0....i\n-00004f60: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 ndicates the dri\n-00004f70: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 ve number, that \n-00004f80: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 is, the first ha\n-00004f90: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 rd disk, the str\n-00004fa0: 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 ing....msdos... \n-00004fb0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 indicates the pa\n-00004fc0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 rtition scheme, \n-00004fd0: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 while the second\n-00004fe0: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 integer, ...2..\n-00004ff0: 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 .,.indicates the\n-00005000: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-00005010: 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 r (or the PC sli\n-00005020: 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 ce number in the\n-00005030: 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 BSD.terminology\n-00005040: 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ). The partitio\n-00005050: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f n numbers are co\n-00005060: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f unted from _one_\n-00005070: 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 , not from.zero \n-00005080: 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 (as was the case\n-00005090: 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 in previous ver\n-000050a0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 sions of GRUB). \n-000050b0: 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a This expression.\n-000050c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 means the second\n-000050d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-000050e0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-000050f0: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 k drive. In thi\n-00005100: 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 s case,.GRUB use\n-00005110: 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s one partition \n-00005120: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 of the disk, ins\n-00005130: 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c tead of the whol\n-00005140: 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 e disk... (h\n-00005150: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 d0,msdos5).. T\n-00005160: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n-00005170: 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e e first ...exten\n-00005180: 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d ded partition...\n-00005190: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-000051a0: 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk.drive. \n-000051b0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 Note that the pa\n-000051c0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n-000051d0: 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 for extended par\n-000051e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e titions are.coun\n-000051f0: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 ted from ...5...\n-00005200: 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 , regardless of \n-00005210: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 the actual numbe\n-00005220: 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 r of primary par\n-00005230: 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 titions.on your \n-00005240: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 hard disk... \n-00005250: 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 (hd1,msdos1,bsd\n-00005260: 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1).. This mean\n-00005270: 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 s the BSD ...a..\n-00005280: 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 . partition on f\n-00005290: 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 irst PC slice nu\n-000052a0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f mber of the.seco\n-000052b0: 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 nd hard disk... \n-000052c0: 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 Of course, to \n-000052d0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 actually access \n-000052e0: 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 the disks or par\n-000052f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 titions with GRU\n-00005300: 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 B, you.need to u\n-00005310: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 se the device sp\n-00005320: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 ecification in a\n-00005330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 command, like .\n-00005340: 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 ..set root=(fd0)\n-00005350: e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f ....or ...partto\n-00005360: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 ol (hd0,msdos3) \n-00005370: 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 hidden-.... To \n-00005380: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 help you find ou\n-00005390: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 t which number.s\n-000053a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 pecifies a parti\n-000053b0: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 tion you want, t\n-000053c0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d he GRUB command-\n-000053d0: 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d line (*note.Comm\n-000053e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000053f0: 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 ce::) options ha\n-00005400: 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 ve argument comp\n-00005410: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 letion. This me\n-00005420: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 ans.that, for ex\n-00005430: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 ample, you only \n-00005440: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 need to type.. \n-00005450: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 set root=(.. \n-00005460: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 followed by a \n-00005470: 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 , and GRUB \n-00005480: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-00005490: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n-000054a0: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 .partitions, or \n-000054b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 file names. So \n-000054c0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 it should be qui\n-000054d0: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 te easy to deter\n-000054e0: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 mine the.name of\n-000054f0: 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 your target par\n-00005500: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 tition, even wit\n-00005510: 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 h minimal knowle\n-00005520: 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 dge of the.synta\n-00005530: 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 x... Note that\n-00005540: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f GRUB does _not_\n-00005550: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 distinguish IDE\n-00005560: 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 from SCSI - it \n-00005570: 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 simply.counts th\n-00005580: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e drive numbers \n-00005590: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 from zero, regar\n-000055a0: 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 dless of their t\n-000055b0: 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a ype. Normally,.\n-000055c0: 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 any IDE drive nu\n-000055d0: 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 mber is less tha\n-000055e0: 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 n any SCSI drive\n-000055f0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 number, althoug\n-00005600: 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 h that.is not tr\n-00005610: 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 ue if you change\n-00005620: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n-00005630: 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 ce by swapping I\n-00005640: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 DE and SCSI.driv\n-00005650: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e es in your BIOS.\n-00005660: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 .. Now the que\n-00005670: 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f stion is, how to\n-00005680: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f specify a file?\n-00005690: 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 Again, conside\n-000056a0: 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 r an.example:.. \n-000056b0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n-000056c0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 /vmlinuz.. Thi\n-000056d0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n-000056e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d file named ...vm\n-000056f0: 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 linuz..., found \n-00005700: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n-00005710: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition.of the fi\n-00005720: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n-00005730: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n-00005740: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d the argument com\n-00005750: 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 pletion works.wi\n-00005760: 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 th file names, t\n-00005770: 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 oo... That was\n-00005780: 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e easy, admit it.\n-00005790: 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e Now read the n\n-000057a0: 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 ext chapter, to \n-000057b0: 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 find out how.to \n-000057c0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c actually install\n-000057d0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 GRUB on your dr\n-000057e0: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-000057f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00005800: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-00005810: 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f s about grub too\n-00005820: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 ls, Next: Insta\n-00005830: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 llation, Prev: \n-00005840: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00005850: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f n, Up: Top..3 O\n-00005860: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00005870: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n-00005880: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 =====..GRUB 2 is\n+000021e0: 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 a rewrite of GR\n+000021f0: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 UB (*note Histor\n+00002200: 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 y::), although i\n+00002210: 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 t shares many.ch\n+00002220: 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 aracteristics wi\n+00002230: 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 th the previous \n+00002240: 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f version, now kno\n+00002250: 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 wn as GRUB Legac\n+00002260: 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 y..Users of GRUB\n+00002270: 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 Legacy may need\n+00002280: 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 some guidance t\n+00002290: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 o find their way\n+000022a0: 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 around.this new\n+000022b0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 version... ..\n+000022c0: a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . The configurat\n+000022d0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e ion file has a n\n+000022e0: 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 ew name (...grub\n+000022f0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 .cfg... rather t\n+00002300: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 han. ...menu\n+00002310: 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 .lst... or ...gr\n+00002320: 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 ub.conf...), new\n+00002330: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 syntax (*note C\n+00002340: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+00002350: 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 and. many ne\n+00002360: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 w commands (*not\n+00002370: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 e Commands::). \n+00002380: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 Configuration ca\n+00002390: 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 nnot be. cop\n+000023a0: 6965 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c ied over directl\n+000023b0: 792c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 y, although most\n+000023c0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 GRUB Legacy use\n+000023d0: 7273 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 rs should not. \n+000023e0: 2020 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 find the synt\n+000023f0: 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e ax too surprisin\n+00002400: 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 g... ... ...gr\n+00002410: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 ub.cfg... is typ\n+00002420: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ically automatic\n+00002430: 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 ally generated b\n+00002440: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 y ...grub-mkconf\n+00002450: 6967 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 ig.... (*not\n+00002460: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n+00002470: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ration::). This\n+00002480: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 makes it easier\n+00002490: 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to handle. \n+000024a0: 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c versioned kernel\n+000024b0: 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 upgrades... .\n+000024c0: 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d .. Partition num\n+000024d0: 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 bers in GRUB dev\n+000024e0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 ice names now st\n+000024f0: 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 art at 1, not 0 \n+00002500: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 (*note. Nami\n+00002510: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... The co\n+00002530: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00002540: 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 is now written \n+00002550: 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f in something clo\n+00002560: 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 ser to a full. \n+00002570: 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e scripting lan\n+00002580: 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 guage: variables\n+00002590: 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 , conditionals, \n+000025a0: 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 and loops are. \n+000025b0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 available... \n+000025c0: 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d ... A small am\n+000025d0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 ount of persiste\n+000025e0: 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 nt storage is av\n+000025f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 ailable across r\n+00002600: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eboots,. usi\n+00002610: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 ng the ...save_e\n+00002620: 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 nv... and ...loa\n+00002630: 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_env... command\n+00002640: 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 s in GRUB and th\n+00002650: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 e. ...grub-e\n+00002660: 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 ditenv... utilit\n+00002670: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 y. This is not \n+00002680: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c available in all\n+00002690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+000026a0: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+000026b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+000026c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+000026d0: 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 has more reliab\n+000026e0: 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 le ways to find \n+000026f0: 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e its own files an\n+00002700: 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 d those of. \n+00002710: 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f target kernels o\n+00002720: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 n multiple-disk \n+00002730: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 systems, and has\n+00002740: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+00002750: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 . search::) \n+00002760: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 to find devices \n+00002770: 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 using file syste\n+00002780: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 m labels or Univ\n+00002790: 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 ersally. Uni\n+000027a0: 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 que Identifiers \n+000027b0: 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 (UUIDs)... ...\n+000027c0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB 2 is avail\n+000027d0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c able for several\n+000027e0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 other types of \n+000027f0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 system in additi\n+00002800: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 on. to the P\n+00002810: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 C BIOS systems s\n+00002820: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n+00002830: 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c Legacy: PC EFI,\n+00002840: 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f PC. coreboo\n+00002850: 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 t, PowerPC, SPAR\n+00002860: 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f C, and MIPS Lemo\n+00002870: 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 te Yeeloong are \n+00002880: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 all. support\n+00002890: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 ed... ... Many\n+000028a0: 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 more file syste\n+000028b0: 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ms are supported\n+000028c0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 , including but \n+000028d0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n+000028e0: 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 ext4, HFS+, \n+000028f0: 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 and NTFS... ..\n+00002900: a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 . GRUB 2 can rea\n+00002910: 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 d files directly\n+00002920: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 from LVM and RA\n+00002930: 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ID devices... \n+00002940: e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 ... A graphical \n+00002950: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 terminal and a g\n+00002960: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 raphical menu sy\n+00002970: 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 stem are availab\n+00002980: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 le... ... GRUB\n+00002990: 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 2's interface c\n+000029a0: 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 an be translated\n+000029b0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 , including menu\n+000029c0: 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 entry names... \n+000029d0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ... The image \n+000029e0: 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 files (*note Ima\n+000029f0: 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ges::) that make\n+00002a00: 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 up GRUB have be\n+00002a10: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 en. reorgani\n+00002a20: 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 sed; Stage 1, St\n+00002a30: 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 age 1.5, and Sta\n+00002a40: 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 ge 2 are no more\n+00002a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+00002a60: 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c puts many facil\n+00002a70: 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 ities in dynamic\n+00002a80: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 ally loaded modu\n+00002a90: 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 les, allowing. \n+00002aa0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 the core imag\n+00002ab0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c e to be smaller,\n+00002ac0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 and allowing th\n+00002ad0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 e core image to \n+00002ae0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e be. built in\n+00002af0: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n+00002b00: 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ays.....File: gr\n+00002b10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002b20: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Features, Next:\n+00002b30: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00002b40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 loader, Prev: C\n+00002b50: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00002b60: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e Legacy, Up: In\n+00002b70: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 troduction..1.4 \n+00002b80: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d GRUB features.==\n+00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00002ba0: 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 .The primary req\n+00002bb0: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 uirement for GRU\n+00002bc0: 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 B is that it be \n+00002bd0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 compliant with t\n+00002be0: 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 he....Multiboot \n+00002bf0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d Specification...\n+00002c00: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 , which is descr\n+00002c10: 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 ibed in *note Mu\n+00002c20: 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot.Specific\n+00002c30: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+00002c40: 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f t)Top... 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(i\n+00003a30: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 ncluding lzjb, g\n+00003a40: 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 zip, zle, mirror\n+00003a50: 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 , stripe, raidz1\n+00003a60: 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e /2/3. and en\n+00003a70: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d cryption in AES-\n+00003a80: 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 CCM and AES-GCM)\n+00003a90: 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 . *Note Filesyst\n+00003aa0: 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d em::, for. m\n+00003ab0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00003ac0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 ..Support automa\n+00003ad0: 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f tic decompressio\n+00003ae0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d n. Can decom\n+00003af0: 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 press files whic\n+00003b00: 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 h were compresse\n+00003b10: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 d by ...gzip... \n+00003b20: 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 or ...xz...(2). \n+00003b30: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 (*note Featu\n+00003b40: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a res-Footnote-2::\n+00003b50: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f ). This functio\n+00003b60: 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 n is both automa\n+00003b70: 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 tic and. tra\n+00003b80: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsparent to the \n+00003b90: 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 user (i.e. all \n+00003ba0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 functions operat\n+00003bb0: 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e upon the. \n+00003bc0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e uncompressed con\n+00003bd0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 tents of the spe\n+00003be0: 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 cified files). \n+00003bf0: 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 This greatly. \n+00003c00: 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 reduces a file\n+00003c10: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e size and loadin\n+00003c20: 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 g time, a partic\n+00003c30: 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e ularly great ben\n+00003c40: 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c efit. for fl\n+00003c50: 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f oppies.(3) (*no\n+00003c60: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n+00003c70: 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 note-3::).. \n+00003c80: 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c It is conceivabl\n+00003c90: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e e that some kern\n+00003ca0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c el modules shoul\n+00003cb0: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 d be loaded in a\n+00003cc0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 . compressed\n+00003cd0: 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 state, so a dif\n+00003ce0: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f ferent module-lo\n+00003cf0: 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 ading command ca\n+00003d00: 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n be. specif\n+00003d10: 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 ied to avoid unc\n+00003d20: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d ompressing the m\n+00003d30: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 odules...Access \n+00003d40: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 data on any inst\n+00003d50: 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 alled device. \n+00003d60: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e Support readin\n+00003d70: 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 g data from any \n+00003d80: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 or all floppies \n+00003d90: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a or hard disk(s).\n+00003da0: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 recognized \n+00003db0: 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 by the BIOS, ind\n+00003dc0: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 ependent of the \n+00003dd0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 setting of the r\n+00003de0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e oot. device.\n+00003df0: 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 ..Be independent\n+00003e00: 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 of drive geomet\n+00003e10: 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a ry translations.\n+00003e20: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 Unlike many\n+00003e30: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n+00003e40: 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 ers, GRUB makes \n+00003e50: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 the particular d\n+00003e60: 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c rive. transl\n+00003e70: 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 ation irrelevant\n+00003e80: 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 . A drive insta\n+00003e90: 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 lled and running\n+00003ea0: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 with one. t\n+00003eb0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 ranslation may b\n+00003ec0: 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 e converted to a\n+00003ed0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 nother translati\n+00003ee0: 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 on without any. \n+00003ef0: 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 adverse effe\n+00003f00: 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 cts or changes i\n+00003f10: 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n GRUB's configu\n+00003f20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 ration...Detect \n+00003f30: 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 all installed RA\n+00003f40: 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 M. GRUB can \n+00003f50: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 generally find a\n+00003f60: 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 ll the installed\n+00003f70: 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d RAM on a PC-com\n+00003f80: 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 patible. mac\n+00003f90: 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 hine. It uses a\n+00003fa0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 n advanced BIOS \n+00003fb0: 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 query technique \n+00003fc0: 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a for finding all.\n+00003fd0: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 memory regi\n+00003fe0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 ons. As describ\n+00003ff0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 ed on the Multib\n+00004000: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n+00004010: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 n (*note. Mu\n+00004020: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00004030: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+00004040: 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c t)Top.), not all\n+00004050: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 kernels make us\n+00004060: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 e. of this i\n+00004070: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 nformation, but \n+00004080: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 GRUB provides it\n+00004090: 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 for those who d\n+000040a0: 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 o...Support Logi\n+000040b0: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 cal Block Addres\n+000040c0: 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 s mode. In t\n+000040d0: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 raditional disk \n+000040e0: 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 calls (called ..\n+000040f0: 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 .CHS mode...), t\n+00004100: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 here is a geomet\n+00004110: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ry. translat\n+00004120: 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 ion problem, tha\n+00004130: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 t is, the BIOS c\n+00004140: 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 annot access ove\n+00004150: 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 r 1024. cyli\n+00004160: 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 nders, so the ac\n+00004170: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 cessible space i\n+00004180: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 s limited to at \n+00004190: 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 least 508 MB. \n+000041a0: 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 and to at most\n+000041b0: 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 8GB. GRUB can't\n+000041c0: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c universally sol\n+000041d0: 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c ve this problem,\n+000041e0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 as. there i\n+000041f0: 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e s no standard in\n+00004200: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 terface used in \n+00004210: 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 all machines. H\n+00004220: 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 owever,. sev\n+00004230: 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 eral newer machi\n+00004240: 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 nes have the new\n+00004250: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 interface, Logi\n+00004260: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 cal Block. A\n+00004270: 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 ddress (...LBA..\n+00004280: 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 .) mode. GRUB a\n+00004290: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n+000042a0: 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 ects if LBA mode\n+000042b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n+000042c0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 le and uses it i\n+000042d0: 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e f available. In\n+000042e0: 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 LBA mode, GRUB \n+000042f0: 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 can access. \n+00004300: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e the entire disk.\n+00004310: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 ..Support networ\n+00004320: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 k booting. G\n+00004330: 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 RUB is basically\n+00004340: 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f a disk-based bo\n+00004350: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c ot loader but al\n+00004360: 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 so has network. \n+00004370: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f support. Yo\n+00004380: 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d u can load OS im\n+00004390: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 ages from a netw\n+000043a0: 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ork by using the\n+000043b0: 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 ...TFTP.... \n+000043c0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 protocol...Supp\n+000043d0: 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ort remote termi\n+000043e0: 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 nals. To sup\n+000043f0: 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 port computers w\n+00004400: 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 ith no console, \n+00004410: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 GRUB provides re\n+00004420: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 mote terminal. \n+00004430: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 support, so t\n+00004440: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 hat you can cont\n+00004450: 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 rol GRUB from a \n+00004460: 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e remote host. On\n+00004470: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 ly. serial t\n+00004480: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 erminal support \n+00004490: 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 is implemented a\n+000044a0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f t the moment....\n+000044b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000044c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Node: Feature\n+000044d0: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 s-Footnotes, Up\n+000044e0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 : Features.. (\n+000044f0: 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 1) The NetBSD/i3\n+00004500: 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 86 kernel is Mul\n+00004510: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+00004520: 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 , but lacks supp\n+00004530: 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort.for Multiboo\n+00004540: 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 t modules... (\n+00004550: 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 2) Only CRC32 da\n+00004560: 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 ta integrity che\n+00004570: 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ck is supported \n+00004580: 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 (xz default is C\n+00004590: 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 RC64.so one shou\n+000045a0: 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 ld use -check=cr\n+000045b0: 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a c32 option). LZ\n+000045c0: 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 MA BCJ filters a\n+000045d0: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 re supported... \n+000045e0: 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 (3) There are \n+000045f0: 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 a few pathologic\n+00004600: 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c al cases where l\n+00004610: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 oading a very ba\n+00004620: 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c dly.organized EL\n+00004630: 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 F kernel might t\n+00004640: 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 ake longer, but \n+00004650: 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 in practice this\n+00004660: 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a never.happen...\n+00004670: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00004680: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f o, Node: Role o\n+00004690: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c f a boot loader,\n+000046a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Prev: Features\n+000046b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 , Up: Introduct\n+000046c0: 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c ion..1.5 The rol\n+000046d0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+000046e0: 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d er.=============\n+000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004700: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n+00004710: 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 is a quotation f\n+00004720: 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 rom Gordon Matzi\n+00004730: 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 gkeit, a GRUB fa\n+00004740: 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d natic:.. Som\n+00004750: 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f e people like to\n+00004760: 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 acknowledge bot\n+00004770: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 h the operating \n+00004780: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 system and. \n+00004790: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 kernel when they\n+000047a0: 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 talk about thei\n+000047b0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 r computers, so \n+000047c0: 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 they might say t\n+000047d0: 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e hey. use \"GN\n+000047e0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 U/Linux\" or \"GNU\n+000047f0: 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 /Hurd\". Other p\n+00004800: 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 eople seem to th\n+00004810: 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ink that the. \n+00004820: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 kernel is the \n+00004830: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 most important p\n+00004840: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 art of the syste\n+00004850: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 m, so they like \n+00004860: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 to. call the\n+00004870: 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ir GNU operating\n+00004880: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 systems \"Linux \n+00004890: 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 systems.\".. \n+000048a0: 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 I, personally, b\n+000048b0: 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 elieve that this\n+000048c0: 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 is a grave inju\n+000048d0: 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 stice, because t\n+000048e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f he. _boot lo\n+000048f0: 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 ader_ is the mos\n+00004900: 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 t important soft\n+00004910: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 ware of all. I \n+00004920: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 used to. ref\n+00004930: 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 er to the above \n+00004940: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 systems as eithe\n+00004950: 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f r \"LILO\"(1) (*no\n+00004960: 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 te Role of a. \n+00004970: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f boot loader-Fo\n+00004980: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 otnote-1::) or \"\n+00004990: 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a GRUB\" systems...\n+000049a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 Unfortunate\n+000049b0: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 ly, nobody ever \n+000049c0: 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 understood what \n+000049d0: 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 I was talking ab\n+000049e0: 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 out; now. I \n+000049f0: 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 just use the wor\n+00004a00: 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 d \"GNU\" as a pse\n+00004a10: 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e udonym for GRUB.\n+00004a20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f .. So, if yo\n+00004a30: 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 u ever hear peop\n+00004a40: 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 le talking about\n+00004a50: 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 their alleged \"\n+00004a60: 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d GNU\". system\n+00004a70: 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 s, remember that\n+00004a80: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c they are actual\n+00004a90: 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 ly paying homage\n+00004aa0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 to the best. \n+00004ab0: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 boot loader ar\n+00004ac0: 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 ound... GRUB!.. \n+00004ad0: 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d We, the GRUB m\n+00004ae0: 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e aintainers, do n\n+00004af0: 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 ot (usually) enc\n+00004b00: 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 ourage Gordon's \n+00004b10: 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 level.of fanatic\n+00004b20: 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 ism, but it help\n+00004b30: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 s to remember th\n+00004b40: 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 at boot loaders \n+00004b50: 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 deserve.recognit\n+00004b60: 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 ion. We hope th\n+00004b70: 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 at you enjoy usi\n+00004b80: 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d ng GNU GRUB as m\n+00004b90: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 uch as we did.wr\n+00004ba0: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iting it.....Fil\n+00004bb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004bc0: 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ode: Role of a b\n+00004bd0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e oot loader-Footn\n+00004be0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 otes, Up: Role \n+00004bf0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00004c00: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e .. (1) The LIn\n+00004c10: 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f ux LOader, a boo\n+00004c20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 t loader that ev\n+00004c30: 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 erybody uses, bu\n+00004c40: 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a t nobody.likes..\n+00004c50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004c60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e fo, Node: Namin\n+00004c70: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e g convention, N\n+00004c80: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n+00004c90: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n+00004ca0: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b tools, Prev: \n+00004cb0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 Introduction, U\n+00004cc0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 p: Top..2 Naming\n+00004cd0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a convention.****\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+00004cf0: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n+00004d00: 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 ax used in GRUB \n+00004d10: 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 is a wee bit dif\n+00004d20: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 ferent from what\n+00004d30: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 you may.have se\n+00004d40: 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 en before in you\n+00004d50: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n+00004d60: 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e em(s), and you n\n+00004d70: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 eed to know it s\n+00004d80: 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 o.that you can s\n+00004d90: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 pecify a drive/p\n+00004da0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f artition... Lo\n+00004db0: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ok at the follow\n+00004dc0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 ing examples and\n+00004dd0: 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a explanations:..\n+00004de0: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 (fd0).. F\n+00004df0: 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 irst of all, GRU\n+00004e00: 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 B requires that \n+00004e10: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n+00004e20: 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 be enclosed with\n+00004e30: 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 ...(....and ...\n+00004e40: 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 ).... The ...fd\n+00004e50: e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ... part means t\n+00004e60: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 hat it is a flop\n+00004e70: 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 py disk. The nu\n+00004e80: 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 mber ...0....is \n+00004e90: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n+00004ea0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 , which is count\n+00004eb0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 ed from _zero_. \n+00004ec0: 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e This expression\n+00004ed0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 .means that GRUB\n+00004ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 will use the wh\n+00004ef0: 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e ole floppy disk.\n+00004f00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n+00004f10: 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 s2).. Here, ..\n+00004f20: 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 .hd... means it \n+00004f30: 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 is a hard disk d\n+00004f40: 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 rive. The first\n+00004f50: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 integer ...0...\n+00004f60: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 .indicates the d\n+00004f70: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 rive number, tha\n+00004f80: 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 t is, the first \n+00004f90: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 hard disk, the s\n+00004fa0: 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 tring....msdos..\n+00004fb0: 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 . indicates the \n+00004fc0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 partition scheme\n+00004fd0: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f , while the seco\n+00004fe0: 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 nd integer, ...2\n+00004ff0: e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 ...,.indicates t\n+00005000: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n+00005010: 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 ber (or the PC s\n+00005020: 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 lice number in t\n+00005030: 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f he BSD.terminolo\n+00005040: 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gy). 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S\n+000054c0: 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 o it should be q\n+000054d0: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 uite easy to det\n+000054e0: 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 ermine the.name \n+000054f0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 of your target p\n+00005500: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 artition, even w\n+00005510: 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 ith minimal know\n+00005520: 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e ledge of the.syn\n+00005530: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 tax... Note th\n+00005540: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f at GRUB does _no\n+00005550: 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 t_ distinguish I\n+00005560: 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 DE from SCSI - i\n+00005570: 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 t simply.counts \n+00005580: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n+00005590: 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 s from zero, reg\n+000055a0: 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 ardless of their\n+000055b0: 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 type. Normally\n+000055c0: 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 ,.any IDE drive \n+000055d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 number is less t\n+000055e0: 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 han any SCSI dri\n+000055f0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f ve number, altho\n+00005600: 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 ugh that.is not \n+00005610: 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e true if you chan\n+00005620: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n+00005630: 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 ence by swapping\n+00005640: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 IDE and SCSI.dr\n+00005650: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f ives in your BIO\n+00005660: 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 S... Now the q\n+00005670: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 uestion is, how \n+00005680: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c to specify a fil\n+00005690: 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 e? Again, consi\n+000056a0: 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a der an.example:.\n+000056b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+000056c0: 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 1)/vmlinuz.. T\n+000056d0: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n+000056e0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 e file named ...\n+000056f0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e vmlinuz..., foun\n+00005700: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 d on the first p\n+00005710: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 artition.of the \n+00005720: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 first hard disk \n+00005730: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 drive. Note tha\n+00005740: 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 t the argument c\n+00005750: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a ompletion works.\n+00005760: 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c with file names,\n+00005770: 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 too... That w\n+00005780: 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 as easy, admit i\n+00005790: 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 t. Now read the\n+000057a0: 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 next chapter, t\n+000057b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 o find out how.t\n+000057c0: 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 o actually insta\n+000057d0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 ll GRUB on your \n+000057e0: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 drive.....File: \n+000057f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00005800: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n+00005810: 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 tes about grub t\n+00005820: 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 ools, Next: Ins\n+00005830: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 tallation, Prev\n+00005840: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n+00005850: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 ion, Up: Top..3\n+00005860: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+00005870: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n+00005880: 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ols.************\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 ******..On OS wh\n-000058b0: 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 ich have device \n-000058c0: 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f nodes similar to\n-000058d0: 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 Unix-like OS GR\n-000058e0: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 UB tools use the\n-000058f0: 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 .OS name. E.g. \n-00005900: 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a for GNU/Linux:.\n-00005910: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00005920: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n-00005930: 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 On AROS we use\n-00005940: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e another syntax.\n-00005950: 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a For volumes:..\n-00005960: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 //:.. E.g...\n-00005980: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 //:DH0.. \n-00005990: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 For disks we use\n-000059a0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f syntax:. //\n-000059b0: 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 2f75 :/u\n-000059c0: 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e nit/flags.. E.\n-000059d0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n-000059e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 install //:ata.d\n-000059f0: 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e evice/0/0.. On\n-00005a00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 Windows we use \n-00005a10: 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 UNC path. For v\n-00005a20: 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 olumes it's typi\n-00005a30: 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c cally.. \\\\?\\\n-00005a40: 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 Volume{}. \n-00005a50: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c \\\\?\\:.. E.g.\n-00005a70: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d .. \\\\?\\Volum\n-00005a80: 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d e{17f34d50-cf64-\n-00005a90: 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 4b02-800e-51d79c\n-00005aa0: 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 3aa2ff}. \\\\?\n-00005ab0: 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b \\C:.. For disk\n-00005ac0: 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f s it's.. \\\\?\n-00005ad0: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e \\PhysicalDrive.. E.g..\n-00005af0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00005b00: 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 tall \\\\?\\Physica\n-00005b10: 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 lDrive0.. Bewa\n-00005b20: 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 re that you may \n-00005b30: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 need to further \n-00005b40: 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 escape the backs\n-00005b50: 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 lashes depending\n-00005b60: 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a .on your shell..\n-00005b70: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 . When compile\n-00005b80: 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 d with cygwin su\n-00005b90: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 pport then cygwi\n-00005ba0: 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 n drive names ar\n-00005bb0: 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e.automatically \n-00005bc0: 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e when needed. E.\n-00005bd0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n-00005be0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 install /dev/sda\n-00005bf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00005c00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n-00005c10: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a allation, Next:\n-00005c20: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a Booting, Prev:\n-00005c30: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-00005c40: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n-00005c50: 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 ols, Up: Top..4\n-00005c60: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a Installation.**\n-00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e ************..In\n-00005c80: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c order to instal\n-00005c90: 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 l GRUB as your b\n-00005ca0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 oot loader, you \n-00005cb0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e need to first in\n-00005cc0: 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 stall.the GRUB s\n-00005cd0: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 ystem and utilit\n-00005ce0: 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 ies under your U\n-00005cf0: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 NIX-like operati\n-00005d00: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 ng system.(*note\n-00005d10: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00005d20: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e uilding GRUB::).\n-00005d30: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 You can do thi\n-00005d40: 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 s either from th\n-00005d50: 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c e.source tarball\n-00005d60: 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 , or as a packag\n-00005d70: 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a e for your OS...\n-00005d80: 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 After you hav\n-00005d90: 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 e done that, you\n-00005da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n-00005db0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00005dc0: 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f on a.drive (flo\n-00005dd0: 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy or hard disk\n-00005de0: 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 ) by using the u\n-00005df0: 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 tility ...grub-i\n-00005e00: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n-00005e10: 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 .Invoking grub-i\n-00005e20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 nstall::) on a U\n-00005e30: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 NIX-like OS... \n-00005e40: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 GRUB comes with\n-00005e50: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 boot images, wh\n-00005e60: 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ich are normally\n-00005e70: 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 put in the dire\n-00005e80: 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 ctory..../usr/li\n-00005e90: 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c b/grub/-... (for \n-00005eb0: 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 BIOS-based machi\n-00005ec0: 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f nes..../usr/lib/\n-00005ed0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 grub/i386-pc...)\n-00005ee0: 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 . Hereafter, th\n-00005ef0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n-00005f00: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 e GRUB images.ar\n-00005f10: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 e initially plac\n-00005f20: 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ed (normally ...\n-00005f30: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 /usr/lib/grub/-..\n-00005f50: 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 .) will be.calle\n-00005f60: 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 d the ...image d\n-00005f70: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 irectory..., and\n-00005f80: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 the directory w\n-00005f90: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f here the boot lo\n-00005fa0: 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 ader.needs to fi\n-00005fb0: 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 nd them (usually\n-00005fc0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 .../boot...) wi\n-00005fd0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ll be called the\n-00005fe0: 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f ...boot.directo\n-00005ff0: 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ry......* Menu:.\n-00006000: 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .* Installing GR\n-00006010: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n-00006020: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 stall::.* Making\n-00006030: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00006040: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 CD-ROM::.* Devi\n-00006050: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 ce map::.* BIOS \n-00006060: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a installation::..\n-00006070: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00006080: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n-00006090: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n-000060a0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e grub-install, N\n-000060b0: 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ext: Making a GR\n-000060c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-000060d0: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n-000060e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 ation..4.1 Insta\n-000060f0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n-00006100: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 ********..On OS \n+000058b0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 which have devic\n+000058c0: 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 e nodes similar \n+000058d0: 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 to Unix-like OS \n+000058e0: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 GRUB tools use t\n+000058f0: 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 he.OS name. E.g\n+00005900: 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 . for GNU/Linux\n+00005910: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+00005920: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00005930: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 . On AROS we u\n+00005940: 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 se another synta\n+00005950: 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a x. For volumes:\n+00005960: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d .. //:.. E.g.\n+00005980: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 .. //:DH0.. \n+00005990: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 For disks we u\n+000059a0: 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 se syntax:. \n+000059b0: 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e //:\n+000059c0: 2f75 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 /unit/flags.. \n+000059d0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n+000059e0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 b-install //:ata\n+000059f0: 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 .device/0/0.. \n+00005a00: 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 On Windows we us\n+00005a10: 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 e UNC path. For\n+00005a20: 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 volumes it's ty\n+00005a30: 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c pically.. \\\\\n+00005a40: 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d ?\\Volume{}\n+00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 . \\\\?\\:.. E.\n+00005a70: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c g... \\\\?\\Vol\n+00005a80: 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 ume{17f34d50-cf6\n+00005a90: 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 4-4b02-800e-51d7\n+00005aa0: 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 9c3aa2ff}. \\\n+00005ab0: 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 \\?\\C:.. For di\n+00005ac0: 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c sks it's.. \\\n+00005ad0: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n+00005ae0: 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 .. E.g\n+00005af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 ... # grub-i\n+00005b00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 nstall \\\\?\\Physi\n+00005b10: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 calDrive0.. Be\n+00005b20: 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 ware that you ma\n+00005b30: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 y need to furthe\n+00005b40: 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 r escape the bac\n+00005b50: 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 kslashes dependi\n+00005b60: 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c ng.on your shell\n+00005b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 ... When compi\n+00005b80: 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 led with cygwin \n+00005b90: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 support then cyg\n+00005ba0: 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 win drive names \n+00005bb0: 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c are.automaticall\n+00005bc0: 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 y when needed. \n+00005bd0: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 E.g... # gru\n+00005be0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 b-install /dev/s\n+00005bf0: 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 da....File: grub\n+00005c00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+00005c10: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 stallation, Nex\n+00005c20: 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 t: Booting, Pre\n+00005c30: 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e v: OS-specific n\n+00005c40: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n+00005c50: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a tools, Up: Top.\n+00005c60: 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a .4 Installation.\n+00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00005c80: 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 In order to inst\n+00005c90: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 all GRUB as your\n+00005ca0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f boot loader, yo\n+00005cb0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 u need to first \n+00005cc0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 install.the GRUB\n+00005cd0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c system and util\n+00005ce0: 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 ities under your\n+00005cf0: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 UNIX-like opera\n+00005d00: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f ting system.(*no\n+00005d10: 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 te Obtaining and\n+00005d20: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a Building GRUB::\n+00005d30: 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 ). You can do t\n+00005d40: 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 his either from \n+00005d50: 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 the.source tarba\n+00005d60: 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b ll, or as a pack\n+00005d70: 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e age for your OS.\n+00005d80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 .. After you h\n+00005d90: 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 ave done that, y\n+00005da0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n+00005db0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n+00005dc0: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 er on a.drive (f\n+00005dd0: 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy or hard di\n+00005de0: 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 sk) by using the\n+00005df0: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 utility ...grub\n+00005e00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00005e10: 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te.Invoking grub\n+00005e20: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 -install::) on a\n+00005e30: 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a UNIX-like OS...\n+00005e40: 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 GRUB comes wi\n+00005e50: 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 th boot images, \n+00005e60: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c which are normal\n+00005e70: 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 ly put in the di\n+00005e80: 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f rectory..../usr/\n+00005e90: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c lib/grub/-<\n+00005ea0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 666f platform>... (fo\n+00005eb0: 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 r BIOS-based mac\n+00005ec0: 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 hines..../usr/li\n+00005ed0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 b/grub/i386-pc..\n+00005ee0: 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 .). Hereafter, \n+00005ef0: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 the directory wh\n+00005f00: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a ere GRUB images.\n+00005f10: 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c are initially pl\n+00005f20: 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 aced (normally .\n+00005f30: 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f ../usr/lib/grub/\n+00005f40: 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e -\n+00005f50: e280 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c ...) will be.cal\n+00005f60: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 led the ...image\n+00005f70: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 directory..., a\n+00005f80: 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 nd the directory\n+00005f90: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 where the boot \n+00005fa0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 loader.needs to \n+00005fb0: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c find them (usual\n+00005fc0: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 ly .../boot...) \n+00005fd0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 will be called t\n+00005fe0: 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 he ...boot.direc\n+00005ff0: 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 tory......* Menu\n+00006000: 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 :..* Installing \n+00006010: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+00006020: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 install::.* Maki\n+00006030: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00006040: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 le CD-ROM::.* De\n+00006050: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f vice map::.* BIO\n+00006060: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a S installation::\n+00006070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00006080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n+00006090: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n+000060a0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n+000060b0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Next: Making a \n+000060c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+000060d0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n+000060e0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 llation..4.1 Ins\n+000060f0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n+00006100: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a ng grub-install.\n 00006110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d ====..For inform\n-00006140: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation on where G\n-00006150: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e RUB should be in\n-00006160: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 stalled on PC BI\n-00006170: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e OS platforms,.*n\n-00006180: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n-00006190: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ation::... In \n-000061a0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c order to install\n-000061b0: 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e GRUB under a UN\n-000061c0: 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 IX-like OS (such\n-000061d0: 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 as GNU), invoke\n-000061e0: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .the program ...\n-000061f0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-00006200: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00006210: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n-00006220: 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 as the.superuser\n-00006230: 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a (...root...)...\n-00006240: 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 The usage is \n-00006250: 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 basically very s\n-00006260: 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 imple. You only\n-00006270: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n-00006280: 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f one.argument to\n-00006290: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 the program, na\n-000062a0: 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 mely, where to i\n-000062b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n-000062c0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 loader. The.arg\n-000062d0: 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ument has to be \n-000062e0: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 either a device \n-000062f0: 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 file (like .../d\n-00006300: 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 ev/hda...). For\n-00006310: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 example,.under \n-00006320: 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 Linux the follow\n-00006330: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ing will install\n-00006340: 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d GRUB into the M\n-00006350: 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a BR of the first.\n-00006360: 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 IDE disk:.. \n-00006370: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-00006380: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 dev/sda.. Like\n-00006390: 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f wise, under GNU/\n-000063a0: 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 Hurd, this has t\n-000063b0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a he same effect:.\n-000063c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-000063d0: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 tall /dev/hd0.. \n-000063e0: 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 But all the ab\n-000063f0: 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 ove examples ass\n-00006400: 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 ume that GRUB sh\n-00006410: 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ould put images \n-00006420: 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f under.the .../bo\n-00006430: 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e ot... directory.\n-00006440: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 If you want GR\n-00006450: 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 UB to put images\n-00006460: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f under a directo\n-00006470: 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 ry.other than ..\n-00006480: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e ./boot..., you n\n-00006490: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 eed to specify t\n-000064a0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 he option ...--b\n-000064b0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 oot-directory...\n-000064c0: 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 ..The typical us\n-000064d0: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 age is that you \n-000064e0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f create a GRUB bo\n-000064f0: 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 ot floppy with a\n-00006500: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 .filesystem. He\n-00006510: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n-00006520: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 :.. # mke2fs\n-00006530: 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 /dev/fd0. #\n-00006540: 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f mount -t ext2 /\n-00006550: 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 dev/fd0 /mnt. \n-00006560: 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 # mkdir /mnt/b\n-00006570: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d oot. # grub-\n-00006580: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00006590: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f irectory=/mnt/bo\n-000065a0: 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 ot /dev/fd0. \n-000065b0: 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a # umount /mnt..\n-000065c0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 Some BIOSes h\n-000065d0: 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 ave a bug of exp\n-000065e0: 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 osing the first \n-000065f0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 partition of a U\n-00006600: 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c SB drive.as a fl\n-00006610: 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 oppy instead of \n-00006620: 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 exposing the USB\n-00006630: 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 drive as a hard\n-00006640: 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c disk (they call\n-00006650: 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f .it \"USB-FDD\" bo\n-00006660: 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 ot). In such ca\n-00006670: 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ses, you need to\n-00006680: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 install like th\n-00006690: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 is:.. # lose\n-000066a0: 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f tup /dev/loop0 /\n-000066b0: 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 dev/sdb1. # \n-000066c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 mount /dev/loop0\n-000066d0: 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/usb. #\n-000066e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-000066f0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00006700: 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 mnt/usb/bugbios \n-00006710: 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d --force --allow-\n-00006720: 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 floppy /dev/loop\n-00006730: 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 0.. This insta\n-00006740: 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c ll doesn't confl\n-00006750: 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ict with standar\n-00006760: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e d install as lon\n-00006770: 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e g as they.are in\n-00006780: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 separate direct\n-00006790: 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 ories... On EF\n-000067a0: 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 I systems for fi\n-000067b0: 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c xed disk install\n-000067c0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 you have to mou\n-000067d0: 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 nt EFI System.Pa\n-000067e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rtition. If you\n-000067f0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 mount it at ...\n-00006800: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 /boot/efi... the\n-00006810: 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 n you don't need\n-00006820: 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 any.special arg\n-00006830: 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 uments:.. # \n-00006840: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 grub-install.. \n-00006850: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e Otherwise you n\n-00006860: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 eed to specify w\n-00006870: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 here your EFI Sy\n-00006880: 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 stem partition i\n-00006890: 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 s.mounted:.. \n-000068a0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-000068b0: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n-000068c0: 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 /mnt/efi.. For\n-000068d0: 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 removable insta\n-000068e0: 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 lls you have to \n-000068f0: 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 use ...--removab\n-00006900: 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 le... and specif\n-00006910: 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 y both....--boot\n-00006920: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e -directory... an\n-00006930: 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 d ...--efi-direc\n-00006940: 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 tory...:.. #\n-00006950: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00006960: 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d efi-directory=/m\n-00006970: 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nt/usb --boot-di\n-00006980: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n-00006990: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c /boot --removabl\n-000069a0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n-000069b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b info, Node: Mak\n-000069c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-000069d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 ble CD-ROM, Nex\n-000069e0: 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 t: Device map, \n-000069f0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Prev: Installing\n-00006a00: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n-00006a10: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 -install, Up: I\n-00006a20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 nstallation..4.2\n-00006a30: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-00006a40: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d ootable CD-ROM.=\n-00006a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f ======..For info\n+00006140: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 rmation on where\n+00006150: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 GRUB should be \n+00006160: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 installed on PC \n+00006170: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a BIOS platforms,.\n+00006180: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n+00006190: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 llation::... I\n+000061a0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 n order to insta\n+000061b0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 ll GRUB under a \n+000061c0: 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 UNIX-like OS (su\n+000061d0: 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f ch as GNU), invo\n+000061e0: 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 ke.the program .\n+000061f0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00006200: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00006210: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00006220: 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 ) as the.superus\n+00006230: 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e er (...root...).\n+00006240: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 .. The usage i\n+00006250: 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 s basically very\n+00006260: 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e simple. You on\n+00006270: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ly need to speci\n+00006280: 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 fy one.argument \n+00006290: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 to the program, \n+000062a0: 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f namely, where to\n+000062b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n+000062c0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 t loader. The.a\n+000062d0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 rgument has to b\n+000062e0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 e either a devic\n+000062f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 e file (like ...\n+00006300: 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 /dev/hda...). F\n+00006310: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 or example,.unde\n+00006320: 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c r Linux the foll\n+00006330: 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 owing will insta\n+00006340: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 ll GRUB into the\n+00006350: 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 MBR of the firs\n+00006360: 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 t.IDE disk:.. \n+00006370: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00006380: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 /dev/sda.. Li\n+00006390: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e kewise, under GN\n+000063a0: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 U/Hurd, this has\n+000063b0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 the same effect\n+000063c0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+000063d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a nstall /dev/hd0.\n+000063e0: 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 . But all the \n+000063f0: 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 above examples a\n+00006400: 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 ssume that GRUB \n+00006410: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 should put image\n+00006420: 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f s under.the .../\n+00006430: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 boot... director\n+00006440: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 y. If you want \n+00006450: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 GRUB to put imag\n+00006460: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 es under a direc\n+00006470: 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory.other than \n+00006480: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 .../boot..., you\n+00006490: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+000064a0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n+000064b0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 -boot-directory.\n+000064c0: 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ....The typical \n+000064d0: 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f usage is that yo\n+000064e0: 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 u create a GRUB \n+000064f0: 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 boot floppy with\n+00006500: 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 a.filesystem. \n+00006510: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n+00006520: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 le:.. # mke2\n+00006530: 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 fs /dev/fd0. \n+00006540: 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 # mount -t ext2\n+00006550: 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 /dev/fd0 /mnt. \n+00006560: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 # mkdir /mnt\n+00006570: 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 /boot. # gru\n+00006580: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00006590: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+000065a0: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 boot /dev/fd0. \n+000065b0: 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 # umount /mnt\n+000065c0: 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 .. Some BIOSes\n+000065d0: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 have a bug of e\n+000065e0: 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 xposing the firs\n+000065f0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 t partition of a\n+00006600: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 USB drive.as a \n+00006610: 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f floppy instead o\n+00006620: 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 f exposing the U\n+00006630: 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 SB drive as a ha\n+00006640: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 rd disk (they ca\n+00006650: 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 ll.it \"USB-FDD\" \n+00006660: 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 boot). In such \n+00006670: 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 cases, you need \n+00006680: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 to install like \n+00006690: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f this:.. # lo\n+000066a0: 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 setup /dev/loop0\n+000066b0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sdb1. \n+000066c0: 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f # mount /dev/loo\n+000066d0: 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 p0 /mnt/usb. \n+000066e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+000066f0: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006700: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f =/mnt/usb/bugbio\n+00006710: 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f s --force --allo\n+00006720: 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f w-floppy /dev/lo\n+00006730: 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 op0.. This ins\n+00006740: 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e tall doesn't con\n+00006750: 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 flict with stand\n+00006760: 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c ard install as l\n+00006770: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 ong as they.are \n+00006780: 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 in separate dire\n+00006790: 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 ctories... On \n+000067a0: 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 EFI systems for \n+000067b0: 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 fixed disk insta\n+000067c0: 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d ll you have to m\n+000067d0: 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a ount EFI System.\n+000067e0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 Partition. If y\n+000067f0: 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 ou mount it at .\n+00006800: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 ../boot/efi... t\n+00006810: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 hen you don't ne\n+00006820: 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 ed any.special a\n+00006830: 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments:.. \n+00006840: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a # grub-install..\n+00006850: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 Otherwise you\n+00006860: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+00006870: 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 where your EFI \n+00006880: 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e System partition\n+00006890: 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 is.mounted:.. \n+000068a0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+000068b0: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n+000068c0: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 y=/mnt/efi.. F\n+000068d0: 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 or removable ins\n+000068e0: 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 talls you have t\n+000068f0: 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 o use ...--remov\n+00006900: 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 able... and spec\n+00006910: 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f ify both....--bo\n+00006920: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 ot-directory... \n+00006930: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 and ...--efi-dir\n+00006940: 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 ectory...:.. \n+00006950: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006960: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n+00006970: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d /mnt/usb --boot-\n+00006980: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n+00006990: 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 sb/boot --remova\n+000069a0: 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ble....File: gru\n+000069b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n+000069c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+000069d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e table CD-ROM, N\n+000069e0: 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c ext: Device map,\n+000069f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Prev: Installi\n+00006a00: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 ng GRUB using gr\n+00006a10: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n+00006a20: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+00006a30: 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 .2 Making a GRUB\n+00006a40: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+00006a50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 ..GRUB supports \n-00006a80: 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 the ...no emulat\n-00006a90: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 ion mode... in t\n-00006aa0: 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 he El Torito spe\n-00006ab0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a cification(1).(*\n-00006ac0: 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 note Making a GR\n-00006ad0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00006ae0: 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 OM-Footnote-1::)\n-00006af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n-00006b00: 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 at you.can use t\n-00006b10: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 he whole CD-ROM \n-00006b20: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f from GRUB and yo\n-00006b30: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 u don't have to \n-00006b40: 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 make a floppy.or\n-00006b50: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 hard disk image\n-00006b60: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e file, which can\n-00006b70: 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 cause compatibi\n-00006b80: 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a lity problems...\n-00006b90: 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 For booting f\n-00006ba0: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 rom a CD-ROM, GR\n-00006bb0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 UB uses a specia\n-00006bc0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 l image called..\n-00006bd0: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ..cdboot.img...,\n-00006be0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 which is concat\n-00006bf0: 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 enated with ...c\n-00006c00: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ore.img.... The\n-00006c10: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ...core.img....\n-00006c20: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 used for this sh\n-00006c30: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 ould be built wi\n-00006c40: 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 th at least the \n-00006c50: e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e ...iso9660... an\n-00006c60: 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 d ...biosdisk...\n-00006c70: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 .modules. Your \n-00006c80: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 bootable CD-ROM \n-00006c90: 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 will usually als\n-00006ca0: 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 o need to includ\n-00006cb0: 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f e a.configuratio\n-00006cc0: 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 n file ...grub.c\n-00006cd0: 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f fg... and some o\n-00006ce0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ther GRUB module\n-00006cf0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 s... To make a\n-00006d00: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 simple generic \n-00006d10: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 GRUB rescue CD, \n-00006d20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a you can use the.\n-00006d30: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n-00006d40: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f ... program (*no\n-00006d50: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n-00006d60: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 -mkrescue::):.. \n-00006d70: 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 $ grub-mkres\n-00006d80: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n-00006d90: 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 . You will oft\n-00006da0: 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 en need to inclu\n-00006db0: 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 de other files i\n-00006dc0: 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 n your image. T\n-00006dd0: 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 o do.this, first\n-00006de0: 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 make a top dire\n-00006df0: 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f ctory for the bo\n-00006e00: 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 otable image, sa\n-00006e10: 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 y, ...iso...:.. \n-00006e20: 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a $ mkdir iso.\n-00006e30: 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 . Make a direc\n-00006e40: 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a tory for GRUB:..\n-00006e50: 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 $ mkdir -p \n-00006e60: 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 iso/boot/grub.. \n-00006e70: 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 If desired, ma\n-00006e80: 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 ke the config fi\n-00006e90: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n-00006ea0: 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 . under ...iso/b\n-00006eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f oot/grub....(*no\n-00006ec0: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n-00006ed0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e ::), and copy an\n-00006ee0: 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 y files and dire\n-00006ef0: 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 ctories for the \n-00006f00: 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 disc.to the dire\n-00006f10: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 ctory ...iso/...\n-00006f20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d ... Finally, m\n-00006f30: 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a ake the image:..\n-00006f40: 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 $ grub-mkre\n-00006f50: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n-00006f60: 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 iso.. This pr\n-00006f70: 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 oduces a file na\n-00006f80: 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 med ...grub.iso.\n-00006f90: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 .., which then c\n-00006fa0: 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 an be burned int\n-00006fb0: 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 o.a CD (or a DVD\n-00006fc0: 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f ), or written to\n-00006fd0: 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 a USB mass stor\n-00006fe0: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 age device... \n-00006ff0: 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 The root device \n-00007000: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 will be set up a\n-00007010: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 ppropriately on \n-00007020: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 entering your...\n-00007030: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e .grub.cfg... con\n-00007040: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n-00007050: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 so you can refe\n-00007060: 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 r to file names \n-00007070: 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 on the CD.withou\n-00007080: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 t needing to use\n-00007090: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n-000070a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ice name. This \n-000070b0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 makes it easier \n-000070c0: 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 to.produce rescu\n-000070d0: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 e images that wi\n-000070e0: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 ll work on both \n-000070f0: 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 optical drives a\n-00007100: 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 nd USB mass.stor\n-00007110: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a age devices.....\n-00007120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00007130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 Node: Making a\n-00007140: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00007150: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c D-ROM-Footnotes,\n-00007160: 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Up: Making a G\n-00007170: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-00007180: 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 ROM.. (1) El T\n-00007190: 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 orito is a speci\n-000071a0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f fication for boo\n-000071b0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 table CD using B\n-000071c0: 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a IOS.functions...\n-000071d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000071e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n-000071f0: 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f map, Next: BIO\n-00007200: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n-00007210: 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Prev: Making a \n-00007220: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00007230: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n-00007240: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 llation..4.3 The\n-00007250: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n-00007260: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n-00007270: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n+00006a70: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 ==..GRUB support\n+00006a80: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c s the ...no emul\n+00006a90: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e ation mode... in\n+00006aa0: 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 the El Torito s\n+00006ab0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a pecification(1).\n+00006ac0: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 (*note Making a \n+00006ad0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00006ae0: 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a -ROM-Footnote-1:\n+00006af0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 :). This means \n+00006b00: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 that you.can use\n+00006b10: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f the whole CD-RO\n+00006b20: 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 M from GRUB and \n+00006b30: 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 you don't have t\n+00006b40: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a o make a floppy.\n+00006b50: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 or hard disk ima\n+00006b60: 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 ge file, which c\n+00006b70: 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 an cause compati\n+00006b80: 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e bility problems.\n+00006b90: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 .. For booting\n+00006ba0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 from a CD-ROM, \n+00006bb0: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n+00006bc0: 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ial image called\n+00006bd0: 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ....cdboot.img..\n+00006be0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 ., which is conc\n+00006bf0: 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 atenated with ..\n+00006c00: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 .core.img.... T\n+00006c10: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n+00006c20: 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 ..used for this \n+00006c30: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 should be built \n+00006c40: 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 with at least th\n+00006c50: 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 e ...iso9660... \n+00006c60: 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 and ...biosdisk.\n+00006c70: 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 ...modules. You\n+00006c80: 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f r bootable CD-RO\n+00006c90: 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 M will usually a\n+00006ca0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c lso need to incl\n+00006cb0: 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ude a.configurat\n+00006cc0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ion file ...grub\n+00006cd0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 .cfg... and some\n+00006ce0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 other GRUB modu\n+00006cf0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 les... To make\n+00006d00: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 a simple generi\n+00006d10: 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 c GRUB rescue CD\n+00006d20: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 , you can use th\n+00006d30: 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 e....grub-mkresc\n+00006d40: 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a ue... program (*\n+00006d50: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n+00006d60: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkrescue::):.\n+00006d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 . $ grub-mkr\n+00006d80: 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 escue -o grub.is\n+00006d90: 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f o.. You will o\n+00006da0: 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 ften need to inc\n+00006db0: 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 lude other files\n+00006dc0: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 in your image. \n+00006dd0: 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 To do.this, fir\n+00006de0: 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 st make a top di\n+00006df0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 rectory for the \n+00006e00: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 bootable image, \n+00006e10: 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a say, ...iso...:.\n+00006e20: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 . $ mkdir is\n+00006e30: 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 o.. Make a dir\n+00006e40: 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a ectory for GRUB:\n+00006e50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d .. $ mkdir -\n+00006e60: 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a p iso/boot/grub.\n+00006e70: 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 . If desired, \n+00006e80: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 make the config \n+00006e90: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 file ...grub.cfg\n+00006ea0: e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f ... under ...iso\n+00006eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a /boot/grub....(*\n+00006ec0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 note Configurati\n+00006ed0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 on::), and copy \n+00006ee0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 any files and di\n+00006ef0: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 rectories for th\n+00006f00: 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 e disc.to the di\n+00006f10: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 rectory ...iso/.\n+00006f20: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ..... Finally,\n+00006f30: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a make the image:\n+00006f40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b .. $ grub-mk\n+00006f50: 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 rescue -o grub.i\n+00006f60: 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 so iso.. This \n+00006f70: 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 produces a file \n+00006f80: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 named ...grub.is\n+00006f90: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e o..., which then\n+00006fa0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 can be burned i\n+00006fb0: 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 nto.a CD (or a D\n+00006fc0: 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 VD), or written \n+00006fd0: 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 to a USB mass st\n+00006fe0: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 orage device... \n+00006ff0: 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 The root devic\n+00007000: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 e will be set up\n+00007010: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f appropriately o\n+00007020: 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a n entering your.\n+00007030: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 ...grub.cfg... c\n+00007040: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00007050: 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 e, so you can re\n+00007060: 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 fer to file name\n+00007070: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 s on the CD.with\n+00007080: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 out needing to u\n+00007090: 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 se an explicit d\n+000070a0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 evice name. Thi\n+000070b0: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 s makes it easie\n+000070c0: 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 r to.produce res\n+000070d0: 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 cue images that \n+000070e0: 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 will work on bot\n+000070f0: 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 h optical drives\n+00007100: 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 and USB mass.st\n+00007110: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a orage devices...\n+00007120: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00007130: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 o, Node: Making\n+00007140: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00007150: 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 CD-ROM-Footnote\n+00007160: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 s, Up: Making a\n+00007170: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+00007180: 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c D-ROM.. (1) El\n+00007190: 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 Torito is a spe\n+000071a0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 cification for b\n+000071b0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 ootable CD using\n+000071c0: 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e BIOS.functions.\n+000071d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000071e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n+000071f0: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 ce map, Next: B\n+00007200: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n+00007210: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Prev: Making \n+00007220: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00007230: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n+00007240: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 tallation..4.3 T\n+00007250: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n+00007260: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n+00007270: 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d S devices.======\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 ======..If the d\n-000072b0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 evice map file e\n-000072c0: 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 xists, the GRUB \n-000072d0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 utilities (...gr\n-000072e0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 ub-probe..., etc\n-000072f0: 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 .).read it to ma\n-00007300: 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f p BIOS drives to\n-00007310: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 OS devices. Th\n-00007320: 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 is file consists\n-00007330: 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 of lines.like t\n-00007340: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 his:.. (DEVI\n-00007350: 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 CE) FILE.. DEV\n-00007360: 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 ICE is a drive s\n-00007370: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 pecified in the \n-00007380: 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f GRUB syntax (*no\n-00007390: 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 te Device.syntax\n-000073a0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 ::), and FILE is\n-000073b0: 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 an OS file, whi\n-000073c0: 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 ch is normally a\n-000073d0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 device file... \n-000073e0: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 Historically, \n-000073f0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n-00007400: 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 ile was used bec\n-00007410: 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 ause GRUB device\n-00007420: 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 names.had to be\n-00007430: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e used in the con\n-00007440: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n-00007450: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 and they were d\n-00007460: 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 erived from.BIOS\n-00007470: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 drive numbers. \n-00007480: 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e The map between\n-00007490: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 BIOS drives and\n-000074a0: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e OS devices cann\n-000074b0: 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 ot.always be gue\n-000074c0: 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 ssed correctly: \n-000074d0: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 for example, GRU\n-000074e0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f B will get the o\n-000074f0: 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f rder wrong.if yo\n-00007500: 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 u exchange the b\n-00007510: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 oot sequence bet\n-00007520: 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ween IDE and SCS\n-00007530: 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a I in your BIOS..\n-00007540: 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c . Unfortunatel\n-00007550: 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 y, even OS devic\n-00007560: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 e names are not \n-00007570: 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 always stable. \n-00007580: 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 Modern.versions \n-00007590: 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 of the Linux ker\n-000075a0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 nel may probe dr\n-000075b0: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ives in a differ\n-000075c0: 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 ent order from.b\n-000075d0: 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 oot to boot, and\n-000075e0: 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 the prefix (...\n-000075f0: 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 /dev/hd*... vers\n-00007600: 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 us .../dev/sd*..\n-00007610: 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 .) may change.de\n-00007620: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 pending on the d\n-00007630: 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 river subsystem \n-00007640: 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 in use. As a re\n-00007650: 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 sult, the device\n-00007660: 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 map.file requir\n-00007670: 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 ed frequent edit\n-00007680: 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 ing on some syst\n-00007690: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 ems... GRUB av\n-000076a0: 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 oids this proble\n-000076b0: 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 m nowadays by us\n-000076c0: 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c ing UUIDs or fil\n-000076d0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 e system.labels \n-000076e0: 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 when generating \n-000076f0: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 ...grub.cfg..., \n-00007700: 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 and we advise th\n-00007710: 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 at you do the sa\n-00007720: 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f me.for any custo\n-00007730: 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 m menu entries y\n-00007740: 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ou write. If th\n-00007750: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n-00007760: 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 e does not.exist\n-00007770: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 , then the GRUB \n-00007780: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 utilities will a\n-00007790: 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 ssume a temporar\n-000077a0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 y device map on \n-000077b0: 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 the.fly. This i\n-000077c0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f s often good eno\n-000077d0: 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ugh, particularl\n-000077e0: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 y in the common \n-000077f0: 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 case of.single-d\n-00007800: 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 isk systems... \n-00007810: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 However, the de\n-00007820: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 vice map file is\n-00007830: 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 not entirely ob\n-00007840: 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 solete yet, and \n-00007850: 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f it is.used for o\n-00007860: 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 verriding when c\n-00007870: 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 urrent environme\n-00007880: 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 nt is different \n-00007890: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 from the one.on \n-000078a0: 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d boot. Most comm\n-000078b0: 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f on case is if yo\n-000078c0: 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f u use a partitio\n-000078d0: 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c n or logical vol\n-000078e0: 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f ume.as a disk fo\n-000078f0: 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e r virtual machin\n-00007900: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 e. You can put \n-00007910: 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 any comments in \n-00007920: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 the file if.need\n-00007930: 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ed, as the GRUB \n-00007940: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 utilities assume\n-00007950: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 that a line is \n-00007960: 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 just a comment i\n-00007970: 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 f.the first char\n-00007980: 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 acter is ...#...\n-00007990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000079a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f info, Node: BIO\n-000079b0: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n-000079c0: 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Prev: Device ma\n-000079d0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 p, Up: Installa\n-000079e0: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 tion..4.4 BIOS i\n-000079f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d nstallation.====\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+000072b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 device map file\n+000072c0: 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 exists, the GRU\n+000072d0: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 B utilities (...\n+000072e0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 grub-probe..., e\n+000072f0: 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 tc.).read it to \n+00007300: 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 map BIOS drives \n+00007310: 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 to OS devices. \n+00007320: 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 This file consis\n+00007330: 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 ts of lines.like\n+00007340: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 this:.. (DE\n+00007350: 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 VICE) FILE.. D\n+00007360: 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 EVICE is a drive\n+00007370: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 specified in th\n+00007380: 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a e GRUB syntax (*\n+00007390: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 note Device.synt\n+000073a0: 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 ax::), and FILE \n+000073b0: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 is an OS file, w\n+000073c0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 hich is normally\n+000073d0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a a device file..\n+000073e0: 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 . Historically\n+000073f0: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007400: 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 file was used b\n+00007410: 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 ecause GRUB devi\n+00007420: 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 ce names.had to \n+00007430: 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 be used in the c\n+00007440: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00007450: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 e, and they were\n+00007460: 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 derived from.BI\n+00007470: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS drive numbers\n+00007480: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 . The map betwe\n+00007490: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n+000074a0: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 nd OS devices ca\n+000074b0: 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 nnot.always be g\n+000074c0: 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 uessed correctly\n+000074d0: 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 : for example, G\n+000074e0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 RUB will get the\n+000074f0: 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 order wrong.if \n+00007500: 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 you exchange the\n+00007510: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n+00007520: 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 etween IDE and S\n+00007530: 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 CSI in your BIOS\n+00007540: 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 ... Unfortunat\n+00007550: 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 ely, even OS dev\n+00007560: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f ice names are no\n+00007570: 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e t always stable.\n+00007580: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e Modern.version\n+00007590: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b s of the Linux k\n+000075a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 ernel may probe \n+000075b0: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 drives in a diff\n+000075c0: 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d erent order from\n+000075d0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 .boot to boot, a\n+000075e0: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 nd the prefix (.\n+000075f0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 ../dev/hd*... ve\n+00007600: 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a rsus .../dev/sd*\n+00007610: e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a ...) may change.\n+00007620: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+00007630: 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 driver subsyste\n+00007640: 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 m in use. As a \n+00007650: 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 result, the devi\n+00007660: 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 ce map.file requ\n+00007670: 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 ired frequent ed\n+00007680: 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 iting on some sy\n+00007690: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 stems... GRUB \n+000076a0: 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 avoids this prob\n+000076b0: 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 lem nowadays by \n+000076c0: 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 using UUIDs or f\n+000076d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c ile system.label\n+000076e0: 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e s when generatin\n+000076f0: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 g ...grub.cfg...\n+00007700: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 , and we advise \n+00007710: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 that you do the \n+00007720: 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 same.for any cus\n+00007730: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n+00007740: 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 you write. If \n+00007750: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n+00007760: 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 ile does not.exi\n+00007770: 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 st, then the GRU\n+00007780: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c B utilities will\n+00007790: 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 assume a tempor\n+000077a0: 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f ary device map o\n+000077b0: 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 n the.fly. This\n+000077c0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 is often good e\n+000077d0: 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 nough, particula\n+000077e0: 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f rly in the commo\n+000077f0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 n case of.single\n+00007800: 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a -disk systems...\n+00007810: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 However, the \n+00007820: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007830: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 is not entirely \n+00007840: 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e obsolete yet, an\n+00007850: 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d it is.used for\n+00007860: 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e overriding when\n+00007870: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e current environ\n+00007880: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e ment is differen\n+00007890: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f t from the one.o\n+000078a0: 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f n boot. Most co\n+000078b0: 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 mmon case is if \n+000078c0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 you use a partit\n+000078d0: 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 ion or logical v\n+000078e0: 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 olume.as a disk \n+000078f0: 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 for virtual mach\n+00007900: 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 ine. You can pu\n+00007910: 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 t any comments i\n+00007920: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 n the file if.ne\n+00007930: 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 eded, as the GRU\n+00007940: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 B utilities assu\n+00007950: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 me that a line i\n+00007960: 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 s just a comment\n+00007970: 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 if.the first ch\n+00007980: 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 aracter is ...#.\n+00007990: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+000079a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n+000079b0: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n+000079c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Prev: Device \n+000079d0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c map, Up: Instal\n+000079e0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 lation..4.4 BIOS\n+000079f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d installation.==\n 00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007a10: 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 =..MBR.===..The \n-00007a20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00007a30: 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e format tradition\n-00007a40: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 ally used on PC \n-00007a50: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 BIOS platforms i\n-00007a60: 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 s.called the Mas\n-00007a70: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n-00007a80: 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 (MBR) format; th\n-00007a90: 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 is is the format\n-00007aa0: 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 that.allows up \n-00007ab0: 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 to four primary \n-00007ac0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 partitions and a\n-00007ad0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 dditional logica\n-00007ae0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 l partitions..Wi\n-00007af0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f th this partitio\n-00007b00: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 n table format, \n-00007b10: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 there are two wa\n-00007b20: 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 ys to install GR\n-00007b30: 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d UB: it.can be em\n-00007b40: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 bedded in the ar\n-00007b50: 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d ea between the M\n-00007b60: 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 BR and the first\n-00007b70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c partition.(call\n-00007b80: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 ed by various na\n-00007b90: 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 mes, such as the\n-00007ba0: 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 \"boot track\", \"\n-00007bb0: 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d MBR gap\", or.\"em\n-00007bc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 bedding area\", a\n-00007bd0: 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 nd which is usua\n-00007be0: 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 lly at least 100\n-00007bf0: 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 0 KiB), or the c\n-00007c00: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 ore.image can be\n-00007c10: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 installed in a \n-00007c20: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 file system and \n-00007c30: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c a list of the bl\n-00007c40: 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 ocks that.make i\n-00007c50: 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 t up can be stor\n-00007c60: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed in the first \n-00007c70: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 sector of that p\n-00007c80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f artition... Mo\n-00007c90: 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c dern tools usual\n-00007ca0: 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 ly leave MBR gap\n-00007cb0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 of at least 102\n-00007cc0: 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 3 KiB. This amou\n-00007cd0: 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 nt.is sufficient\n-00007ce0: 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 to cover most c\n-00007cf0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 onfigurations. \n-00007d00: 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 Hence this value\n-00007d10: 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is.recommended \n-00007d20: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d by the GRUB team\n-00007d30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n-00007d40: 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 ly many tools le\n-00007d50: 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f ft only 31 KiB o\n-00007d60: 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 f space. This i\n-00007d70: 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 s not.enough to \n-00007d80: 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 parse reliably d\n-00007d90: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 ifficult structu\n-00007da0: 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 res like Btrfs, \n-00007db0: 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d ZFS, RAID or.LVM\n-00007dc0: 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 , or to use diff\n-00007dd0: 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 icult disk acces\n-00007de0: 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 s methods like a\n-00007df0: 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 hci. Hence GRUB\n-00007e00: 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 will.warn if at\n-00007e10: 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 tempted to insta\n-00007e20: 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 ll into small MB\n-00007e30: 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 R gap except in \n-00007e40: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f a small number.o\n-00007e50: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 f configurations\n-00007e60: 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 that were grand\n-00007e70: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 fathered. 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With.this f\n-00008690: 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 ormat, it is pos\n-000086a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 sible to reserve\n-000086b0: 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 a whole partiti\n-000086c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c on for GRUB,.cal\n-000086d0: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f led the BIOS Boo\n-000086e0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 t Partition. GR\n-000086f0: 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 UB can then be e\n-00008700: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 mbedded into tha\n-00008710: 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 t.partition with\n-00008720: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 out the risk of \n-00008730: 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 being overwritte\n-00008740: 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 n by other softw\n-00008750: 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 are and.without \n-00008760: 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 being contained \n-00008770: 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 in a filesystem \n-00008780: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 which might move\n-00008790: 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 its blocks.arou\n-000087a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 nd... When cre\n-000087b0: 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f ating a BIOS Boo\n-000087c0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 t Partition on a\n-000087d0: 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 GPT system, you\n-000087e0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 should make.sur\n-000087f0: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 e that it is at \n-00008800: 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 least 31 KiB in \n-00008810: 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d size. (GPT-form\n-00008820: 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 atted disks are \n-00008830: 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 not.usually part\n-00008840: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 icularly small, \n-00008850: 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 so we recommend \n-00008860: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 that you make it\n-00008870: 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 larger than.the\n-00008880: 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 bare minimum, s\n-00008890: 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f uch as 1 MiB, to\n-000088a0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 allow plenty of\n-000088b0: 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 room for growth\n-000088c0: 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f .).You must also\n-000088d0: 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 make sure that \n-000088e0: 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 it has the prope\n-000088f0: 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 r partition type\n-00008900: 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 . Using.GNU Par\n-00008910: 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 ted, you can set\n-00008920: 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f this using a co\n-00008930: 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 mmand such as th\n-00008940: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 e following:.. \n-00008950: 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 # parted /dev\n-00008960: 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 /DISK set PARTIT\n-00008970: 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f ION-NUMBER bios_\n-00008980: 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 grub on.. If y\n-00008990: 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 ou are using gdi\n-000089a0: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 sk, set the part\n-000089b0: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 ition type to ..\n-000089c0: 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 .0xEF02.... Wit\n-000089d0: 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 h.partitioning p\n-000089e0: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 rograms that req\n-000089f0: 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 uire setting the\n-00008a00: 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 GUID directly, \n-00008a10: 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 it should.be ...\n-00008a20: 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 21686148-6449-6e\n-00008a30: 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 6f-744e656564454\n-00008a40: 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 649...... *Cau\n-00008a50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 tion:* Be very c\n-00008a60: 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 areful which par\n-00008a70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 tition you selec\n-00008a80: 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 t! When GRUB.fi\n-00008a90: 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 nds a BIOS Boot \n-00008aa0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 Partition during\n-00008ab0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 installation, i\n-00008ac0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 t will automatic\n-00008ad0: 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 ally.overwrite p\n-00008ae0: 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 art of it. Make\n-00008af0: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 sure that the p\n-00008b00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f artition does no\n-00008b10: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 t contain any.ot\n-00008b20: 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c her data.....Fil\n-00008b30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00008b40: 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ode: Booting, N\n-00008b50: 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ext: Configurati\n-00008b60: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 on, Prev: Insta\n-00008b70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f llation, Up: To\n-00008b80: 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a p..5 Booting.***\n-00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ******..GRUB can\n-00008ba0: 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d load Multiboot-\n-00008bb0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c compliant kernel\n-00008bc0: 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e s in a consisten\n-00008bd0: 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 t way, but for.s\n-00008be0: 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 ome free operati\n-00008bf0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e ng systems you n\n-00008c00: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 eed to use some \n-00008c10: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 OS-specific magi\n-00008c20: 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 c...* Menu:..* G\n-00008c30: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00008c40: 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 ods:: How\n-00008c50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 to boot OSes wi\n-00008c60: 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c th GRUB generall\n-00008c70: 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f y.* Loopback boo\n-00008c80: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 Notes on booti\n-00008ca0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng from loopback\n-00008cb0: 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f s.* LVM cache bo\n-00008cc0: 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 Notes on booti\n-00008ce0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ng from LVM cach\n-00008cf0: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-00008d00: 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e .* OS-specific n\n-00008d10: 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 otes:: \n-00008d20: 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f Notes on some o\n-00008d30: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008d40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00008d50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 nfo, Node: Gene\n-00008d60: 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 ral boot methods\n-00008d70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Next: Loopbac\n-00008d80: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n-00008d90: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 Booting..5.1 How\n-00008da0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 to boot operati\n-00008db0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ng systems.=====\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ===..MBR.===..Th\n+00007a20: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n+00007a30: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 e format traditi\n+00007a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 onally used on P\n+00007a50: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n+00007a60: 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d is.called the M\n+00007a70: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n+00007a80: 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 d (MBR) format; \n+00007a90: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d this is the form\n+00007aa0: 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 at that.allows u\n+00007ab0: 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 p to four primar\n+00007ac0: 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 y partitions and\n+00007ad0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 additional logi\n+00007ae0: 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a cal partitions..\n+00007af0: 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 With this partit\n+00007b00: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n+00007b10: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 , there are two \n+00007b20: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ways to install \n+00007b30: 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 GRUB: it.can be \n+00007b40: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 embedded in the \n+00007b50: 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 area between the\n+00007b60: 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 MBR and the fir\n+00007b70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 st partition.(ca\n+00007b80: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 lled by various \n+00007b90: 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 names, such as t\n+00007ba0: 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c he \"boot track\",\n+00007bb0: 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 \"MBR gap\", or.\"\n+00007bc0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c embedding area\",\n+00007bd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 and which is us\n+00007be0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ually at least 1\n+00007bf0: 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 000 KiB), or the\n+00007c00: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 core.image can \n+00007c10: 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 be installed in \n+00007c20: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e a file system an\n+00007c30: 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 d a list of the \n+00007c40: 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 blocks that.make\n+00007c50: 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 it up can be st\n+00007c60: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 ored in the firs\n+00007c70: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 t sector of that\n+00007c80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 partition... \n+00007c90: 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 Modern tools usu\n+00007ca0: 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 ally leave MBR g\n+00007cb0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n+00007cc0: 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 023 KiB. This am\n+00007cd0: 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 ount.is sufficie\n+00007ce0: 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 nt to cover most\n+00007cf0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e configurations.\n+00007d00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c Hence this val\n+00007d10: 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 ue is.recommende\n+00007d20: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 d by the GRUB te\n+00007d30: 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 am... Historic\n+00007d40: 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 ally many tools \n+00007d50: 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 left only 31 KiB\n+00007d60: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 of space. This\n+00007d70: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 is not.enough t\n+00007d80: 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 o parse reliably\n+00007d90: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 difficult struc\n+00007da0: 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 tures like Btrfs\n+00007db0: 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c , ZFS, RAID or.L\n+00007dc0: 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 VM, or to use di\n+00007dd0: 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 fficult disk acc\n+00007de0: 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 ess methods like\n+00007df0: 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 ahci. Hence GR\n+00007e00: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 UB will.warn if \n+00007e10: 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 attempted to ins\n+00007e20: 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 tall into small \n+00007e30: 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 MBR gap except i\n+00007e40: 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 n a small number\n+00007e50: 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f .of configuratio\n+00007e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 ns that were gra\n+00007e70: 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 ndfathered. The\n+00007e80: 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 grandfathered c\n+00007e90: 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 onfig.must:.. \n+00007ea0: e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b ... use biosdisk\n+00007eb0: 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 as disk access \n+00007ec0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 module for .../b\n+00007ed0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e oot..... ... n\n+00007ee0: 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 ot use any addit\n+00007ef0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ional partition \n+00007f00: 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 maps to access .\n+00007f10: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 ../boot..... .\n+00007f20: 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d .. .../boot... m\n+00007f30: 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 ust be on one of\n+00007f40: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 following files\n+00007f50: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 ystems: AFFS, AF\n+00007f60: 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 S, BFS,. cpi\n+00007f70: 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 o, newc, odc, ex\n+00007f80: 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 t2/3/4, FAT, exF\n+00007f90: 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 AT, F2FS, HFS, u\n+00007fa0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 ncompressed. \n+00007fb0: 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 HFS+, ISO9660, \n+00007fc0: 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 JFS, Minix, Mini\n+00007fd0: 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 x2, Minix3, NILF\n+00007fe0: 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 S2, NTFS, Reiser\n+00007ff0: 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 FS,. ROMFS, \n+00008000: 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 SFS, tar, UDF, U\n+00008010: 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a FS1, UFS2, XFS..\n+00008020: 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 MBR gap has f\n+00008030: 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f ew technical pro\n+00008040: 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 blems. There is\n+00008050: 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 no way to reser\n+00008060: 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 ve space.in the \n+00008070: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 embedding area w\n+00008080: 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 ith complete saf\n+00008090: 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 ety, and some pr\n+000080a0: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 oprietary.softwa\n+000080b0: 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 re is known to u\n+000080c0: 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 se it to make it\n+000080d0: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 difficult for u\n+000080e0: 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f sers to work.aro\n+000080f0: 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 und licensing re\n+00008100: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 strictions. GRU\n+00008110: 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 B works around i\n+00008120: 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 t by detecting.s\n+00008130: 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ectors by other \n+00008140: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f software and avo\n+00008150: 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 iding them and p\n+00008160: 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 rotecting its ow\n+00008170: 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 n.sectors using \n+00008180: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 Reed-Solomon enc\n+00008190: 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 oding... GRUB \n+000081a0: 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 team recommends \n+000081b0: 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f having MBR gap o\n+000081c0: 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 f at least 1000 \n+000081d0: 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 KiB... Should \n+000081e0: 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 it not be possib\n+000081f0: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 le, GRUB has sup\n+00008200: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 port for a fallb\n+00008210: 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 ack solution.whi\n+00008220: 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 ch is heavily re\n+00008230: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 commended agains\n+00008240: 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 t. Installing t\n+00008250: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d o a filesystem m\n+00008260: 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 eans.that GRUB i\n+00008270: 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 s vulnerable to \n+00008280: 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 its blocks being\n+00008290: 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 moved around by\n+000082a0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 filesystem.feat\n+000082b0: 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 ures such as tai\n+000082c0: 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 l packing, or ev\n+000082d0: 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 en by aggressive\n+000082e0: 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 fsck.implementa\n+000082f0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 tions, so this a\n+00008300: 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 pproach is quite\n+00008310: 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 fragile; and th\n+00008320: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 is approach.can \n+00008330: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 only be used if \n+00008340: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n+00008350: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e filesystem is on\n+00008360: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 the same disk t\n+00008370: 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f hat the.BIOS boo\n+00008380: 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 ts from, so that\n+00008390: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 GRUB does not h\n+000083a0: 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 ave to rely on g\n+000083b0: 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 uessing BIOS.dri\n+000083c0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 ve numbers... \n+000083d0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 The GRUB develop\n+000083e0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 ment team genera\n+000083f0: 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 lly recommends e\n+00008400: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 mbedding GRUB be\n+00008410: 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 fore.the first p\n+00008420: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 artition, unless\n+00008430: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 you have specia\n+00008440: 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 l requirements. \n+00008450: 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 You must.ensure\n+00008460: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 that the first \n+00008470: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 partition starts\n+00008480: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b at least 1000 K\n+00008490: 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 iB (2000 sectors\n+000084a0: 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 ).from the start\n+000084b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e of the disk; on\n+000084c0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 modern disks, i\n+000084d0: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 t is often a per\n+000084e0: 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 formance.advanta\n+000084f0: 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 ge to align part\n+00008500: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 itions on larger\n+00008510: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 boundaries anyw\n+00008520: 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ay, so the first\n+00008530: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 .partition might\n+00008540: 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f start 1 MiB fro\n+00008550: 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 m the start of t\n+00008560: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d he disk...GPT.==\n+00008570: 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 =..Some newer sy\n+00008580: 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 stems use the GU\n+00008590: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n+000085a0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e le (GPT) format.\n+000085b0: 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 This was.speci\n+000085c0: 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 fied as part of \n+000085d0: 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 the Extensible F\n+000085e0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 irmware Interfac\n+000085f0: 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 e (EFI), but it \n+00008600: 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 can.also be used\n+00008610: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on BIOS platfor\n+00008620: 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 ms if system sof\n+00008630: 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 tware supports i\n+00008640: 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 t; for.example, \n+00008650: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e GRUB and GNU/Lin\n+00008660: 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 ux can be used i\n+00008670: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 n this configura\n+00008680: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 tion. With.this\n+00008690: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 format, it is p\n+000086a0: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 ossible to reser\n+000086b0: 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 ve a whole parti\n+000086c0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 tion for GRUB,.c\n+000086d0: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 alled the BIOS B\n+000086e0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 oot Partition. \n+000086f0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 GRUB can then be\n+00008700: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 embedded into t\n+00008710: 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 hat.partition wi\n+00008720: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f thout the risk o\n+00008730: 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 f being overwrit\n+00008740: 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 ten by other sof\n+00008750: 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 tware and.withou\n+00008760: 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 t being containe\n+00008770: 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 d in a filesyste\n+00008780: 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f m which might mo\n+00008790: 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 ve its blocks.ar\n+000087a0: 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 ound... When c\n+000087b0: 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 reating a BIOS B\n+000087c0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e oot Partition on\n+000087d0: 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 a GPT system, y\n+000087e0: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 ou should make.s\n+000087f0: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 ure that it is a\n+00008800: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 t least 31 KiB i\n+00008810: 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f n size. (GPT-fo\n+00008820: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 rmatted disks ar\n+00008830: 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 e not.usually pa\n+00008840: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c rticularly small\n+00008850: 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e , so we recommen\n+00008860: 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 d that you make \n+00008870: 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 it larger than.t\n+00008880: 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c he bare minimum,\n+00008890: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 such as 1 MiB, \n+000088a0: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 to allow plenty \n+000088b0: 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 of room for grow\n+000088c0: 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c th.).You must al\n+000088d0: 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 so make sure tha\n+000088e0: 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f t it has the pro\n+000088f0: 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 per partition ty\n+00008900: 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 pe. Using.GNU P\n+00008910: 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 arted, you can s\n+00008920: 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 et this using a \n+00008930: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 command such as \n+00008940: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+00008950: 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 # parted /d\n+00008960: 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 ev/DISK set PART\n+00008970: 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f ITION-NUMBER bio\n+00008980: 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 s_grub on.. If\n+00008990: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 you are using g\n+000089a0: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 disk, set the pa\n+000089b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 rtition type to \n+000089c0: e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 ...0xEF02.... W\n+000089d0: 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 ith.partitioning\n+000089e0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 programs that r\n+000089f0: 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 equire setting t\n+00008a00: 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 he GUID directly\n+00008a10: 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 , it should.be .\n+00008a20: 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d ..21686148-6449-\n+00008a30: 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 6e6f-744e6565644\n+00008a40: 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 54649...... *C\n+00008a50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 aution:* Be very\n+00008a60: 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 careful which p\n+00008a70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c artition you sel\n+00008a80: 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a ect! When GRUB.\n+00008a90: 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f finds a BIOS Boo\n+00008aa0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 t Partition duri\n+00008ab0: 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c ng installation,\n+00008ac0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 it will automat\n+00008ad0: 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 ically.overwrite\n+00008ae0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 part of it. Ma\n+00008af0: 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ke sure that the\n+00008b00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 partition does \n+00008b10: 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a not contain any.\n+00008b20: 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 other data.....F\n+00008b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00008b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Node: Booting, \n+00008b50: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Next: Configura\n+00008b60: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 tion, Prev: Ins\n+00008b70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 tallation, Up: \n+00008b80: 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a Top..5 Booting.*\n+00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 ********..GRUB c\n+00008ba0: 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f an load Multiboo\n+00008bb0: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e t-compliant kern\n+00008bc0: 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 els in a consist\n+00008bd0: 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 ent way, but for\n+00008be0: 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 .some free opera\n+00008bf0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 ting systems you\n+00008c00: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d need to use som\n+00008c10: 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 e OS-specific ma\n+00008c20: 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a gic...* Menu:..*\n+00008c30: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00008c40: 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 thods:: H\n+00008c50: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 ow to boot OSes \n+00008c60: 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 with GRUB genera\n+00008c70: 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 lly.* Loopback b\n+00008c80: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ooting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n+00008ca0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 ting from loopba\n+00008cb0: 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 cks.* LVM cache \n+00008cc0: 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f Notes on boo\n+00008ce0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n+00008cf0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+00008d00: 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 me.* OS-specific\n+00008d10: 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 Notes on some\n+00008d30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008d40: 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ms....File: grub\n+00008d50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 .info, Node: Ge\n+00008d60: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n+00008d70: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 ds, Next: Loopb\n+00008d80: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ack booting, Up\n+00008d90: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 : Booting..5.1 H\n+00008da0: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 ow to boot opera\n+00008db0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d ting systems.===\n 00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00008de0: 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 UB has three dis\n-00008df0: 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f tinct boot metho\n-00008e00: 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ds: loading an o\n-00008e10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n-00008e20: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 directly, using \n-00008e30: 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 kexec from users\n-00008e40: 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c pace, and chainl\n-00008e50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n-00008e60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 ootloader. Gene\n-00008e70: 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 rally speaking, \n-00008e80: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 the first two ar\n-00008e90: 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 e more desirable\n-00008ea0: 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e .because you don\n-00008eb0: 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 't need to insta\n-00008ec0: 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f ll or maintain o\n-00008ed0: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n-00008ee0: 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c s and.GRUB is fl\n-00008ef0: 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f exible enough to\n-00008f00: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 load an operati\n-00008f10: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 ng system from a\n-00008f20: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b n arbitrary.disk\n-00008f30: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 /partition. How\n-00008f40: 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 ever, chainloadi\n-00008f50: 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 ng is sometimes \n-00008f60: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 required, as GRU\n-00008f70: 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 B.doesn't suppor\n-00008f80: 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f t all existing o\n-00008f90: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008fa0: 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 natively...* Me\n-00008fb0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 nu:..* Loading a\n-00008fc0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-00008fd0: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 em directly::.* \n-00008fe0: 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d Kexec::.* Chain-\n-00008ff0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c loading::....Fil\n-00009000: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00009010: 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 ode: Loading an \n-00009020: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00009030: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 directly, Next\n-00009040: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 : Kexec, Up: Ge\n-00009050: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n-00009060: 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f ds..5.1.1 How to\n-00009070: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 boot an OS dire\n-00009080: 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d ctly with GRUB.-\n-00009090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00008de0: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 GRUB has three d\n+00008df0: 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 istinct boot met\n+00008e00: 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e hods: loading an\n+00008e10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008e20: 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e m.directly, usin\n+00008e30: 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 g kexec from use\n+00008e40: 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 rspace, and chai\n+00008e50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n+00008e60: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 .bootloader. Ge\n+00008e70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 nerally speaking\n+00008e80: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 , the first two \n+00008e90: 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 are more desirab\n+00008ea0: 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 le.because you d\n+00008eb0: 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 on't need to ins\n+00008ec0: 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e tall or maintain\n+00008ed0: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n+00008ee0: 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ers and.GRUB is \n+00008ef0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 flexible enough \n+00008f00: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 to load an opera\n+00008f10: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d ting system from\n+00008f20: 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 an arbitrary.di\n+00008f30: 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 sk/partition. H\n+00008f40: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 owever, chainloa\n+00008f50: 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 ding is sometime\n+00008f60: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 s required, as G\n+00008f70: 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 RUB.doesn't supp\n+00008f80: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 ort all existing\n+00008f90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00008fa0: 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 ms natively...* \n+00008fb0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 Menu:..* Loading\n+00008fc0: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00008fd0: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a stem directly::.\n+00008fe0: 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 * Kexec::.* Chai\n+00008ff0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 n-loading::....F\n+00009000: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00009010: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Node: Loading a\n+00009020: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00009030: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 em directly, Ne\n+00009040: 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 xt: Kexec, Up: \n+00009050: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n+00009060: 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 hods..5.1.1 How \n+00009070: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 to boot an OS di\n+00009080: 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 rectly with GRUB\n+00009090: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 ---------..Multi\n-000090c0: 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 boot (*note Mult\n-000090d0: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-000090e0: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-000090f0: 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 Top.) is the nat\n-00009100: 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f ive.format suppo\n-00009110: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f rted by GRUB. Fo\n-00009120: 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f r the sake of co\n-00009130: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 nvenience, there\n-00009140: 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 is also.support\n-00009150: 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 for Linux, Free\n-00009160: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 BSD, NetBSD and \n-00009170: 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 OpenBSD. If you \n-00009180: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 want to boot.oth\n-00009190: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n-000091a0: 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 tems, you will h\n-000091b0: 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ave to chain-loa\n-000091c0: 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 d them (*note.Ch\n-000091d0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a ain-loading::)..\n-000091e0: 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 . FIXME: this \n-000091f0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d section is incom\n-00009200: 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e plete... 1. Run\n-00009210: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-00009220: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 boot... (*note b\n-00009230: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 oot::)... Howe\n-00009240: 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e ver, DOS and Win\n-00009250: 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 dows have some d\n-00009260: 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 eficiencies, so \n-00009270: 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 you might have t\n-00009280: 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c o.use more compl\n-00009290: 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 icated instructi\n-000092a0: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f ons. *Note DOS/\n-000092b0: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Windows::, for m\n-000092c0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n-000092d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000092e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 nfo, Node: Kexe\n-000092f0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d c, Next: Chain-\n-00009300: 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 loading, Prev: \n-00009310: 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 Loading an opera\n-00009320: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 ting system dire\n-00009330: 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 ctly, Up: Gener\n-00009340: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n-00009350: 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 .5.1.2 Kexec wit\n-00009360: 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d h grub2-emu.----\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c -----------..Mul\n+000090c0: 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 tiboot (*note Mu\n+000090d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+000090e0: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n+000090f0: 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e t)Top.) is the n\n+00009100: 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 ative.format sup\n+00009110: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 ported by GRUB. \n+00009120: 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 For the sake of \n+00009130: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 convenience, the\n+00009140: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f re is also.suppo\n+00009150: 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 rt for Linux, Fr\n+00009160: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e eeBSD, NetBSD an\n+00009170: 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f d OpenBSD. If yo\n+00009180: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f u want to boot.o\n+00009190: 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ther operating s\n+000091a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ystems, you will\n+000091b0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c have to chain-l\n+000091c0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a oad them (*note.\n+000091d0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n+000091e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 ... FIXME: thi\n+000091f0: 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 s section is inc\n+00009200: 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 omplete... 1. R\n+00009210: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 un the command .\n+00009220: 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ..boot... (*note\n+00009230: 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f boot::)... Ho\n+00009240: 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 wever, DOS and W\n+00009250: 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 indows have some\n+00009260: 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 deficiencies, s\n+00009270: 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 o you might have\n+00009280: 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d to.use more com\n+00009290: 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 plicated instruc\n+000092a0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f tions. *Note DO\n+000092b0: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 S/Windows::, for\n+000092c0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n+000092d0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+000092e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 .info, Node: Ke\n+000092f0: 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 xec, Next: Chai\n+00009300: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 n-loading, Prev\n+00009310: 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 : Loading an ope\n+00009320: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 rating system di\n+00009330: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e rectly, Up: Gen\n+00009340: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n+00009350: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 s..5.1.2 Kexec w\n+00009360: 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d ith grub2-emu.--\n 00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ------..GRUB can\n-00009390: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 be run in users\n-000093a0: 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 pace by invoking\n-000093b0: 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 the grub2-emu t\n-000093c0: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 ool. It will.re\n-000093d0: 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ad all configura\n-000093e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 tion scripts as \n-000093f0: 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 if booting direc\n-00009400: 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c tly (see *note L\n-00009410: 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading.an operat\n-00009420: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n-00009430: 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 tly::). With th\n-00009440: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n-00009450: 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 flag, and kexec(\n-00009460: 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 8).support from \n-00009470: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n-00009480: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e stem, the ...lin\n-00009490: 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 ux... command wi\n-000094a0: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 ll directly.boot\n-000094b0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 the target imag\n-000094c0: 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e. For systems \n-000094d0: 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e that lack workin\n-000094e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 g systemctl(1).s\n-000094f0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 upport for kexec\n-00009500: 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 , passing the ..\n-00009510: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n-00009520: 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c twice will fall\n-00009530: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 back to.invoking\n-00009540: 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 kexec(8) direct\n-00009550: 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 ly; note however\n-00009560: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 that this fallb\n-00009570: 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 ack may be.unsaf\n-00009580: 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f e outside read-o\n-00009590: 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 nly environments\n-000095a0: 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 , as it does not\n-000095b0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e invoke shutdown\n-000095c0: 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .machinery.....F\n-000095d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000095e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Node: Chain-loa\n-000095f0: 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 ding, Prev: Kex\n-00009600: 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ec, Up: General\n-00009610: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 boot methods..5\n-00009620: 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 .1.3 Chain-loadi\n-00009630: 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ng an OS.-------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 --------..GRUB c\n+00009390: 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 an be run in use\n+000093a0: 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 rspace by invoki\n+000093b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 ng the grub2-emu\n+000093c0: 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a tool. It will.\n+000093d0: 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 read all configu\n+000093e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 ration scripts a\n+000093f0: 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 s if booting dir\n+00009400: 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 ectly (see *note\n+00009410: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading.an oper\n+00009420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00009430: 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 ectly::). With \n+00009440: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n+00009450: 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 . flag, and kexe\n+00009460: 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f c(8).support fro\n+00009470: 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 m the operating \n+00009480: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c system, the ...l\n+00009490: 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 inux... command \n+000094a0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f will directly.bo\n+000094b0: 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d ot the target im\n+000094c0: 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d age. For system\n+000094d0: 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b s that lack work\n+000094e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 ing systemctl(1)\n+000094f0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 .support for kex\n+00009500: 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 ec, passing the \n+00009510: e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c ...--kexec... fl\n+00009520: 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 ag twice will fa\n+00009530: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 llback to.invoki\n+00009540: 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 ng kexec(8) dire\n+00009550: 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 ctly; note howev\n+00009560: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c er that this fal\n+00009570: 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 lback may be.uns\n+00009580: 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 afe outside read\n+00009590: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -only environmen\n+000095a0: 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e ts, as it does n\n+000095b0: 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f ot invoke shutdo\n+000095c0: 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f wn.machinery....\n+000095d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000095e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c , Node: Chain-l\n+000095f0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b oading, Prev: K\n+00009600: 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 exec, Up: Gener\n+00009610: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n+00009620: 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 .5.1.3 Chain-loa\n+00009630: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ding an OS.-----\n 00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 --..Operating sy\n-00009660: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f stems that do no\n-00009670: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 t support Multib\n-00009680: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 oot and do not h\n-00009690: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 ave specific.sup\n-000096a0: 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 port in GRUB (sp\n-000096b0: 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific support i\n-000096c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 s available for \n-000096d0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a Linux, FreeBSD,.\n-000096e0: 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 NetBSD and OpenB\n-000096f0: 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 SD) must be chai\n-00009700: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 n-loaded, which \n-00009710: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 involves loading\n-00009720: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f another.boot lo\n-00009730: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 ader and jumping\n-00009740: 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d to it in real m\n-00009750: 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 ode or via the f\n-00009760: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 irmware... The\n-00009770: 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...chainloader.\n-00009780: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-00009790: 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 e chainloader::)\n-000097a0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 is used to set \n-000097b0: 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 this.up. It is \n-000097c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 normally also ne\n-000097d0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 cessary to load \n-000097e0: 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 some GRUB module\n-000097f0: 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 s and set the.ap\n-00009800: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 propriate root d\n-00009810: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 evice. Putting \n-00009820: 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 this together, w\n-00009830: 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 e get something \n-00009840: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 like.this, for a\n-00009850: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 Windows system \n-00009860: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n-00009870: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n-00009880: 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a rst hard.disk:..\n-00009890: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f menuentry \"Windo\n-000098a0: 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 ws\" {..insmod ch\n-000098b0: 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 ain..insmod ntfs\n-000098c0: 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c ..set root=(hd0,\n-000098d0: 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 1)..chainloader \n-000098e0: 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 +1.}.. On syst\n-000098f0: 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c ems with multipl\n-00009900: 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e e hard disks, an\n-00009910: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b additional work\n-00009920: 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 around may be.re\n-00009930: 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 quired. *Note D\n-00009940: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 OS/Windows::... \n-00009950: 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 Chain-loading \n-00009960: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is only supporte\n-00009970: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 d on PC BIOS and\n-00009980: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a EFI platforms..\n-00009990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000099a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 fo, Node: Loopb\n-000099b0: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 ack booting, Ne\n-000099c0: 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f xt: LVM cache bo\n-000099d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 oting, Prev: Ge\n-000099e0: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n-000099f0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ds, Up: Booting\n-00009a00: 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ..5.2 Loopback b\n-00009a10: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ooting.=========\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-00009a30: 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 B is able to rea\n-00009a40: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 d from an image \n-00009a50: 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 (be it one of CD\n-00009a60: 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 or HDD) stored \n-00009a70: 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 on.any of its ac\n-00009a80: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 cessible storage\n-00009a90: 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 s (refer to *not\n-00009aa0: 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d e loopback:: com\n-00009ab0: 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 mand)..However t\n-00009ac0: 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f he OS itself sho\n-00009ad0: 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 uld be able to f\n-00009ae0: 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 ind its root. T\n-00009af0: 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f his usually.invo\n-00009b00: 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 lves running a u\n-00009b10: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d serspace program\n-00009b20: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 running before \n-00009b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 the real root is\n-00009b40: 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 .discovered. Th\n-00009b50: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n-00009b60: 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 y GRUB loading a\n-00009b70: 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 specially made \n-00009b80: 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 small.image and \n-00009b90: 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 passing it as ra\n-00009ba0: 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 mdisk to the ker\n-00009bb0: 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 nel. This is ac\n-00009bc0: 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e hieved by.comman\n-00009bd0: 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d ds ...kfreebsd_m\n-00009be0: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 odule..., ...kne\n-00009bf0: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 tbsd_module_elf.\n-00009c00: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f .., ...kopenbsd_\n-00009c10: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 ramdisk...,....i\n-00009c20: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nitrd... (*note \n-00009c30: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e initrd::), ...in\n-00009c40: 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 itrd16... (*note\n-00009c50: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 initrd16::),...\n-00009c60: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c .multiboot_modul\n-00009c70: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f e..., ...multibo\n-00009c80: 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 ot2_module... or\n-00009c90: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 ...xnu_ramdisk.\n-00009ca0: 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a .. depending on.\n-00009cb0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 the loader. Not\n-00009cc0: 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 e that for knetb\n-00009cd0: 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 sd the image mus\n-00009ce0: 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a t be put inside.\n-00009cf0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e miniroot.kmod an\n-00009d00: 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 d the whole mini\n-00009d10: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f root.kmod has to\n-00009d20: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 be loaded. In \n-00009d30: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 kopenbsd.payload\n-00009d40: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 this is disable\n-00009d50: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 d by default. A\n-00009d60: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 dditionally, beh\n-00009d70: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 aviour of initia\n-00009d80: 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 l.ramdisk depend\n-00009d90: 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e s on command lin\n-00009da0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 e options. Seve\n-00009db0: 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 ral distributors\n-00009dc0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 provide.the ima\n-00009dd0: 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 ge for this purp\n-00009de0: 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 ose or it's inte\n-00009df0: 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 grated in their \n-00009e00: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b standard ramdisk\n-00009e10: 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 .and activated b\n-00009e20: 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e y special option\n-00009e30: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 . Consult your \n-00009e40: 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 kernel and distr\n-00009e50: 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 ibution.manual f\n-00009e60: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n-00009e70: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 Other loaders \n-00009e80: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 like ...appleloa\n-00009e90: 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e der...,....chain\n-00009ea0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c loader... (BIOS,\n-00009eb0: 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c EFI, coreboot),\n-00009ec0: 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 ...freedos..., \n-00009ed0: e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...ntldr..., ...\n-00009ee0: 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 plan9... and....\n-00009ef0: 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f truecrypt... pro\n-00009f00: 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c vide no possibil\n-00009f10: 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 ity of loading i\n-00009f20: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 nitial ramdisk a\n-00009f30: 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 nd as far.as aut\n-00009f40: 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 hor is aware the\n-00009f50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 payloads in que\n-00009f60: 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 stion don't supp\n-00009f70: 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 ort either initi\n-00009f80: 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 al.ramdisk or di\n-00009f90: 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 scovering loopba\n-00009fa0: 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 ck boot in other\n-00009fb0: 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 way and as such\n-00009fc0: 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 not.bootable th\n-00009fd0: 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 is way. Please \n-00009fe0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 consider alterna\n-00009ff0: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 tive boot method\n-0000a000: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 s like.copying a\n-0000a010: 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ll files from th\n-0000a020: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 e image to actua\n-0000a030: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f l partition. Co\n-0000a040: 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f nsult your OS.do\n-0000a050: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n-0000a060: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f more details....\n-0000a070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000a080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Node: LVM cac\n-0000a090: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 he booting, Nex\n-0000a0a0: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n-0000a0b0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f otes, Prev: Loo\n-0000a0c0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n-0000a0d0: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 Up: Booting..5.3\n-0000a0e0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 Booting from LV\n-0000a0f0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a100: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d volume.=========\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ----..Operating \n+00009660: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 systems that do \n+00009670: 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 not support Mult\n+00009680: 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 iboot and do not\n+00009690: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 have specific.s\n+000096a0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 upport in GRUB (\n+000096b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 specific support\n+000096c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f is available fo\n+000096d0: 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 r Linux, FreeBSD\n+000096e0: 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 ,.NetBSD and Ope\n+000096f0: 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 nBSD) must be ch\n+00009700: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 ain-loaded, whic\n+00009710: 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 h involves loadi\n+00009720: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 ng another.boot \n+00009730: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 loader and jumpi\n+00009740: 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c ng to it in real\n+00009750: 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 mode or via the\n+00009760: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 firmware... T\n+00009770: 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 he ...chainloade\n+00009780: 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e r... command (*n\n+00009790: 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a ote chainloader:\n+000097a0: 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 :) is used to se\n+000097b0: 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 t this.up. It i\n+000097c0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 s normally also \n+000097d0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 necessary to loa\n+000097e0: 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 d some GRUB modu\n+000097f0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a les and set the.\n+00009800: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 appropriate root\n+00009810: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e device. Puttin\n+00009820: 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c g this together,\n+00009830: 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e we get somethin\n+00009840: 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 g like.this, for\n+00009850: 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 a Windows syste\n+00009860: 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 m on the first p\n+00009870: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+00009880: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a first hard.disk:\n+00009890: 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e ..menuentry \"Win\n+000098a0: 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 dows\" {..insmod \n+000098b0: 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 chain..insmod nt\n+000098c0: 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 fs..set root=(hd\n+000098d0: 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 0,1)..chainloade\n+000098e0: 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 r +1.}.. On sy\n+000098f0: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 stems with multi\n+00009900: 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 ple hard disks, \n+00009910: 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f an additional wo\n+00009920: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a rkaround may be.\n+00009930: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 required. *Note\n+00009940: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a DOS/Windows::..\n+00009950: 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e . Chain-loadin\n+00009960: 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 g is only suppor\n+00009970: 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 ted on PC BIOS a\n+00009980: 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nd EFI platforms\n+00009990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000099a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f info, Node: Loo\n+000099b0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n+000099c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 Next: LVM cache \n+000099d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 booting, Prev: \n+000099e0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n+000099f0: 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 hods, Up: Booti\n+00009a00: 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng..5.2 Loopback\n+00009a10: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d booting.=======\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+00009a30: 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 RUB is able to r\n+00009a40: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 ead from an imag\n+00009a50: 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e (be it one of \n+00009a60: 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 CD or HDD) store\n+00009a70: 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 d on.any of its \n+00009a80: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 accessible stora\n+00009a90: 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e ges (refer to *n\n+00009aa0: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 ote loopback:: c\n+00009ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 ommand)..However\n+00009ac0: 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 the OS itself s\n+00009ad0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f hould be able to\n+00009ae0: 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 find its root. \n+00009af0: 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e This usually.in\n+00009b00: 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 volves running a\n+00009b10: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 userspace progr\n+00009b20: 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 am running befor\n+00009b30: 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 e the real root \n+00009b40: 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 is.discovered. \n+00009b50: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n+00009b60: 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 by GRUB loading\n+00009b70: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 a specially mad\n+00009b80: 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e e small.image an\n+00009b90: 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 d passing it as \n+00009ba0: 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b ramdisk to the k\n+00009bb0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ernel. This is \n+00009bc0: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d achieved by.comm\n+00009bd0: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 ands ...kfreebsd\n+00009be0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b _module..., ...k\n+00009bf0: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n+00009c00: 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 f..., ...kopenbs\n+00009c10: 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 d_ramdisk...,...\n+00009c20: 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .initrd... (*not\n+00009c30: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 e initrd::), ...\n+00009c40: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f initrd16... (*no\n+00009c50: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a te initrd16::),.\n+00009c60: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 ...multiboot_mod\n+00009c70: 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 ule..., ...multi\n+00009c80: 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 boot2_module... \n+00009c90: 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 or ...xnu_ramdis\n+00009ca0: 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f k... depending o\n+00009cb0: 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e n.the loader. N\n+00009cc0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 ote that for kne\n+00009cd0: 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d tbsd the image m\n+00009ce0: 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 ust be put insid\n+00009cf0: 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e.miniroot.kmod \n+00009d00: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 and the whole mi\n+00009d10: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 niroot.kmod has \n+00009d20: 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 to be loaded. I\n+00009d30: 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f n kopenbsd.paylo\n+00009d40: 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 ad this is disab\n+00009d50: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n+00009d60: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 Additionally, b\n+00009d70: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 ehaviour of init\n+00009d80: 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 ial.ramdisk depe\n+00009d90: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c nds on command l\n+00009da0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 ine options. Se\n+00009db0: 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f veral distributo\n+00009dc0: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 rs provide.the i\n+00009dd0: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 mage for this pu\n+00009de0: 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e rpose or it's in\n+00009df0: 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 tegrated in thei\n+00009e00: 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 r standard ramdi\n+00009e10: 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 sk.and activated\n+00009e20: 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 by special opti\n+00009e30: 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 on. Consult you\n+00009e40: 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 r kernel and dis\n+00009e50: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c tribution.manual\n+00009e60: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+00009e70: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 s. Other loader\n+00009e80: 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c s like ...applel\n+00009e90: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 oader...,....cha\n+00009ea0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f inloader... (BIO\n+00009eb0: 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 S, EFI, coreboot\n+00009ec0: 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 ), ...freedos...\n+00009ed0: 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 , ...ntldr..., .\n+00009ee0: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 ..plan9... and..\n+00009ef0: 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 ..truecrypt... p\n+00009f00: 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 rovide no possib\n+00009f10: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ility of loading\n+00009f20: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b initial ramdisk\n+00009f30: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 and as far.as a\n+00009f40: 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 uthor is aware t\n+00009f50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 he payloads in q\n+00009f60: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 uestion don't su\n+00009f70: 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 pport either ini\n+00009f80: 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 tial.ramdisk or \n+00009f90: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 discovering loop\n+00009fa0: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 back boot in oth\n+00009fb0: 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 er way and as su\n+00009fc0: 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ch not.bootable \n+00009fd0: 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 this way. Pleas\n+00009fe0: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 e consider alter\n+00009ff0: 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 native boot meth\n+0000a000: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 ods like.copying\n+0000a010: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 all files from \n+0000a020: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 the image to act\n+0000a030: 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ual partition. \n+0000a040: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a Consult your OS.\n+0000a050: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n+0000a060: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n+0000a070: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0000a080: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 fo, Node: LVM c\n+0000a090: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ache booting, N\n+0000a0a0: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n+0000a0b0: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n+0000a0c0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n+0000a0d0: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n+0000a0e0: 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 .3 Booting from \n+0000a0f0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a100: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l volume.=======\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 ..The LVM cache \n-0000a140: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 logical volume i\n-0000a150: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f s the logical vo\n-0000a160: 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 lume consisting \n-0000a170: 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the.original \n-0000a180: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f and the cache po\n-0000a190: 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d ol logical volum\n-0000a1a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c e. The original\n-0000a1b0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 is usually on.a\n-0000a1c0: 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 larger and slow\n-0000a1d0: 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 er storage devic\n-0000a1e0: 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 e while the cach\n-0000a1f0: 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 e pool is on a s\n-0000a200: 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 maller.and faste\n-0000a210: 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 r one. The perf\n-0000a220: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f ormance of the o\n-0000a230: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 riginal volume c\n-0000a240: 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 an be improved.b\n-0000a250: 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 y storing the fr\n-0000a260: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 equently used da\n-0000a270: 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 ta on the cache \n-0000a280: 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 pool to utilize \n-0000a290: 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 the.greater perf\n-0000a2a0: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 ormance of faste\n-0000a2b0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 r device... GR\n-0000a2c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 UB boots from LV\n-0000a2d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a2e0: 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 volume merely by\n-0000a2f0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 reading it's.or\n-0000a300: 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 iginal logical v\n-0000a310: 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 olume so that di\n-0000a320: 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 rty data in cach\n-0000a330: 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 e pool volume is\n-0000a340: 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 .disregarded. T\n-0000a350: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f his is not a pro\n-0000a360: 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 blem for \"writet\n-0000a370: 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f hrough\" cache mo\n-0000a380: 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 de as it.ensures\n-0000a390: 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 that any data w\n-0000a3a0: 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ritten will be s\n-0000a3b0: 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 tored both on th\n-0000a3c0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a e cache and the.\n-0000a3d0: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 origin LV. For t\n-0000a3e0: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d he other cache m\n-0000a3f0: 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c ode \"writeback\",\n-0000a400: 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 which delays wr\n-0000a410: 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 iting.from the c\n-0000a420: 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 ache pool back t\n-0000a430: 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 o the origin LV \n-0000a440: 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d to boost perform\n-0000a450: 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 ance, GRUB may.f\n-0000a460: 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 ail to boot in t\n-0000a470: 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 he wake of accid\n-0000a480: 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 ental power outa\n-0000a490: 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 ge due to it's.i\n-0000a4a0: 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 nability to asse\n-0000a4b0: 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 mble the cache d\n-0000a4c0: 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e evice for readin\n-0000a4d0: 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 g the required d\n-0000a4e0: 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 irty.data left b\n-0000a4f0: 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 ehind. The situ\n-0000a500: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d ation will be im\n-0000a510: 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 proved after add\n-0000a520: 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 ing full.support\n-0000a530: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 to the LVM cach\n-0000a540: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a550: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a in the future..\n-0000a560: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0000a570: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 fo, Node: OS-sp\n-0000a580: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n-0000a590: 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 rev: LVM cache b\n-0000a5a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ooting, Up: Boo\n-0000a5b0: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 ting..5.4 Some c\n-0000a5c0: 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 aveats on OS-spe\n-0000a5d0: 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d cific issues.===\n+0000a130: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ==..The LVM cach\n+0000a140: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a150: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 is the logical \n+0000a160: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e volume consistin\n+0000a170: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 g of the.origina\n+0000a180: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 l and the cache \n+0000a190: 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c pool logical vol\n+0000a1a0: 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ume. The origin\n+0000a1b0: 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e al is usually on\n+0000a1c0: 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c .a larger and sl\n+0000a1d0: 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 ower storage dev\n+0000a1e0: 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 ice while the ca\n+0000a1f0: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 che pool is on a\n+0000a200: 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 smaller.and fas\n+0000a210: 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 ter one. The pe\n+0000a220: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 rformance of the\n+0000a230: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 original volume\n+0000a240: 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 can be improved\n+0000a250: 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 .by storing the \n+0000a260: 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 frequently used \n+0000a270: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 data on the cach\n+0000a280: 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a e pool to utiliz\n+0000a290: 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 e the.greater pe\n+0000a2a0: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 rformance of fas\n+0000a2b0: 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ter device... \n+0000a2c0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 GRUB boots from \n+0000a2d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a2e0: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 l volume merely \n+0000a2f0: 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a by reading it's.\n+0000a300: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c original logical\n+0000a310: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 volume so that \n+0000a320: 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 dirty data in ca\n+0000a330: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 che pool volume \n+0000a340: 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 is.disregarded. \n+0000a350: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 This is not a p\n+0000a360: 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 roblem for \"writ\n+0000a370: 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 ethrough\" cache \n+0000a380: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 mode as it.ensur\n+0000a390: 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 es that any data\n+0000a3a0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 written will be\n+0000a3b0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 stored both on \n+0000a3c0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 the cache and th\n+0000a3d0: 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 e.origin LV. For\n+0000a3e0: 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 the other cache\n+0000a3f0: 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b mode \"writeback\n+0000a400: 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 \", which delays \n+0000a410: 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 writing.from the\n+0000a420: 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b cache pool back\n+0000a430: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c to the origin L\n+0000a440: 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f V to boost perfo\n+0000a450: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 rmance, GRUB may\n+0000a460: 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e .fail to boot in\n+0000a470: 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 the wake of acc\n+0000a480: 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 idental power ou\n+0000a490: 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 tage due to it's\n+0000a4a0: 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 .inability to as\n+0000a4b0: 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 semble the cache\n+0000a4c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 device for read\n+0000a4d0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ing the required\n+0000a4e0: 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 dirty.data left\n+0000a4f0: 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 behind. The si\n+0000a500: 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 tuation will be \n+0000a510: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 improved after a\n+0000a520: 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f dding full.suppo\n+0000a530: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 rt to the LVM ca\n+0000a540: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a550: 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 me in the future\n+0000a560: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0000a570: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d info, Node: OS-\n+0000a580: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n+0000a590: 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 Prev: LVM cache\n+0000a5a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 booting, Up: B\n+0000a5b0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 ooting..5.4 Some\n+0000a5c0: 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 caveats on OS-s\n+0000a5d0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d pecific issues.=\n 0000a5e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 ===..Here, we de\n-0000a610: 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 scribe some cave\n-0000a620: 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f ats on several o\n-0000a630: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0000a640: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e ...* Menu:..* GN\n-0000a650: 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c U/Hurd::.* GNU/L\n-0000a660: 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a inux::.* NetBSD:\n-0000a670: 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a :.* DOS/Windows:\n-0000a680: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n-0000a690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 info, Node: GNU\n-0000a6a0: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e /Hurd, Next: GN\n-0000a6b0: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 U/Linux, Up: OS\n-0000a6c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n-0000a6d0: 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a .5.4.1 GNU/Hurd.\n-0000a6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000a6f0: 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 Since GNU/Hurd i\n-0000a700: 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 s Multiboot-comp\n-0000a710: 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 liant, it is eas\n-0000a720: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 y to boot it; th\n-0000a730: 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 ere is.nothing s\n-0000a740: 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e pecial about it.\n-0000a750: 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 But do not for\n-0000a760: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 get that you hav\n-0000a770: 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 e to specify a.r\n-0000a780: 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f oot partition to\n-0000a790: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 the kernel... \n-0000a7a0: 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 1. Set GRUB's ro\n-0000a7b0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 ot device to the\n-0000a7c0: 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 same drive as G\n-0000a7d0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a NU/Hurd's. The.\n-0000a7e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 command ...\n-0000a7f0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-0000a800: 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 t --file /boot/g\n-0000a810: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 numach.gz... or \n-0000a820: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 similar may. \n-0000a830: 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 help you (*note\n-0000a840: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 search::)... 2\n-0000a850: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n-0000a860: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 l and the module\n-0000a870: 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 s, like this:.. \n-0000a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d grub> m\n-0000a890: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 ultiboot /boot/g\n-0000a8a0: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 numach.gz root=d\n-0000a8b0: 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 evice:hd0s1. \n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n-0000a8d0: 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 le /hurd/ext2fs\n-0000a8e0: 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d .static ext2fs -\n-0000a8f0: 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 -readonly \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 =====..Here, we \n+0000a610: 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 describe some ca\n+0000a620: 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c veats on several\n+0000a630: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0000a640: 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ms...* Menu:..* \n+0000a650: 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 GNU/Hurd::.* GNU\n+0000a660: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 /Linux::.* NetBS\n+0000a670: 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 D::.* DOS/Window\n+0000a680: 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 s::....File: gru\n+0000a690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n+0000a6a0: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 NU/Hurd, Next: \n+0000a6b0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Linux, Up: \n+0000a6c0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n+0000a6d0: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 s..5.4.1 GNU/Hur\n+0000a6e0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+0000a6f0: 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 ..Since GNU/Hurd\n+0000a700: 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f is Multiboot-co\n+0000a710: 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 mpliant, it is e\n+0000a720: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 asy to boot it; \n+0000a730: 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 there is.nothing\n+0000a740: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 special about i\n+0000a750: 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 t. But do not f\n+0000a760: 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 orget that you h\n+0000a770: 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ave to specify a\n+0000a780: 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .root partition \n+0000a790: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a to the kernel...\n+0000a7a0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n+0000a7b0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n+0000a7c0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n+0000a7d0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 GNU/Hurd's. Th\n+0000a7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 e. command .\n+0000a7f0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 ..search --set=r\n+0000a800: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 oot --file /boot\n+0000a810: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f /gnumach.gz... o\n+0000a820: 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 r similar may. \n+0000a830: 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f help you (*no\n+0000a840: 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te search::)... \n+0000a850: 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 2. Load the ker\n+0000a860: 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 nel and the modu\n+0000a870: 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a les, like this:.\n+0000a880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000a890: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 multiboot /boot\n+0000a8a0: 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 /gnumach.gz root\n+0000a8b0: 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 =device:hd0s1. \n+0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n+0000a8d0: 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 dule /hurd/ext2\n+0000a8e0: 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 fs.static ext2fs\n+0000a8f0: 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 --readonly \\. \n 0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 --multi\n-0000a920: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e boot-command-lin\n-0000a930: 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d e='${kernel-comm\n-0000a940: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 and-line}' \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c --mul\n+0000a920: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c tiboot-command-l\n+0000a930: 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f ine='${kernel-co\n+0000a940: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 mmand-line}' \\. \n 0000a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 --host\n-0000a970: 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f -priv-port='${ho\n-0000a980: 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 st-port}' \\. \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f --ho\n+0000a970: 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b st-priv-port='${\n+0000a980: 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 host-port}' \\. \n 0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 --devic\n-0000a9b0: 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 e-master-port='$\n-0000a9c0: 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c {device-port}' \\\n-0000a9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n-0000a9f0: 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b exec-server-task\n-0000aa00: 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 ='${exec-task}' \n-0000aa10: 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 -T typed '${root\n-0000aa20: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 --dev\n+0000a9b0: 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d ice-master-port=\n+0000a9c0: 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 '${device-port}'\n+0000a9d0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9f0: 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 --exec-server-ta\n+0000aa00: 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d sk='${exec-task}\n+0000aa10: 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f ' -T typed '${ro\n+0000aa20: 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 '$(task-create\n-0000aa50: 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d )' '$(task-resum\n-0000aa60: 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e)'. gr\n-0000aa70: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f ub> module /lib/\n-0000aa80: 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 ld.so.1 exec /hu\n-0000aa90: 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d rd/exec '$(exec-\n-0000aaa0: 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 task=task-create\n-0000aab0: 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 )'.. 3. Finally\n-0000aac0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n-0000aad0: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n-0000aae0: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n-0000aaf0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000ab00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Node: GNU/Linu\n-0000ab10: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 x, Next: NetBSD\n-0000ab20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Prev: GNU/Hur\n-0000ab30: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 d, Up: OS-speci\n-0000ab40: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 fic notes..5.4.2\n-0000ab50: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Linux.-----\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 ----------..It i\n-0000ab70: 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 s relatively eas\n-0000ab80: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 y to boot GNU/Li\n-0000ab90: 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 nux from GRUB, b\n-0000aba0: 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 ecause it somewh\n-0000abb0: 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 at.resembles to \n-0000abc0: 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 boot a Multiboot\n-0000abd0: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a -compliant OS...\n-0000abe0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n-0000abf0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n-0000ac00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n-0000ac10: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 GNU/Linux's. T\n-0000ac20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he. command \n-0000ac30: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d ...search --set=\n-0000ac40: 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c root --file /vml\n-0000ac50: 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c inuz... or simil\n-0000ac60: 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a ar may help you.\n-0000ac70: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 (*note sear\n-0000ac80: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ch::)... 2. Loa\n-0000ac90: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n-0000aca0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n-0000acb0: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ..linux... (*not\n-0000acc0: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 e linux::):.. \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e grub> lin\n-0000ace0: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 ux /vmlinuz root\n-0000acf0: 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 =/dev/sda1.. \n-0000ad00: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n-0000ad10: 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 specify some ker\n-0000ad20: 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 nel parameters, \n-0000ad30: 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d just append them\n-0000ad40: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d to. the com\n-0000ad50: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 mand. For examp\n-0000ad60: 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 le, to set ...ac\n-0000ad70: 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 pi... to ...off.\n-0000ad80: 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 .., do this:.. \n-0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n-0000ada0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f nux /vmlinuz roo\n-0000adb0: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n-0000adc0: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 =off.. See t\n-0000add0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n-0000ade0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f in the Linux so\n-0000adf0: 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f urce tree for co\n-0000ae00: 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f mplete. info\n-0000ae10: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 rmation on the a\n-0000ae20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 vailable options\n-0000ae30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n-0000ae40: 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 linux... GRUB us\n-0000ae50: 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 es 32-bit protoc\n-0000ae60: 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 ol. Some BIOS s\n-0000ae70: 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 ervices like. \n-0000ae80: 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 APM or EDD are\n-0000ae90: 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 n't available wi\n-0000aea0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c th this protocol\n-0000aeb0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n-0000aec0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f you. need to\n-0000aed0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 use ...linux16.\n-0000aee0: 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .... gr\n-0000aef0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c ub> linux16 /vml\n-0000af00: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n-0000af10: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n-0000af20: 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 3. If you use an\n-0000af30: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 initrd, execute\n-0000af40: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0000af50: 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 initrd... (*note\n-0000af60: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 initrd::). \n-0000af70: 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 after ...linux..\n-0000af80: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n-0000af90: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 ub> initrd /init\n-0000afa0: 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 rd.. If you \n-0000afb0: 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 used ...linux16.\n-0000afc0: 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 .. you need to u\n-0000afd0: 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 se ...initrd16..\n-0000afe0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n-0000aff0: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e ub> initrd16 /in\n-0000b000: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c itrd.. 4. Final\n-0000b010: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n-0000b020: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n-0000b030: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-0000b040: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000b050: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 o, Node: NetBSD\n-0000b060: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e , Next: DOS/Win\n-0000b070: 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 dows, Prev: GNU\n-0000b080: 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d /Linux, Up: OS-\n-0000b090: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n-0000b0a0: 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 5.4.3 NetBSD.---\n-0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 ---------..Booti\n-0000b0c0: 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e ng a NetBSD kern\n-0000b0d0: 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 el from GRUB is \n-0000b0e0: 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 also relatively \n-0000b0f0: 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a easy: first set.\n-0000b100: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b110: 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 ce, then load th\n-0000b120: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 e kernel and the\n-0000b130: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 modules, and fi\n-0000b140: 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f nally.run ...boo\n-0000b150: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 t...... 1. Set \n-0000b160: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000b170: 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 ce to the partit\n-0000b180: 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 ion holding the \n-0000b190: 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 NetBSD root. \n-0000b1a0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n-0000b1b0: 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 or a disk with a\n-0000b1c0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 NetBSD disk lab\n-0000b1d0: 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 el, this is usua\n-0000b1e0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 lly. the fir\n-0000b1f0: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a st partition (a:\n-0000b200: 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 ). In that case\n-0000b210: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n-0000b220: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 hat the. par\n-0000b230: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 tition is on the\n-0000b240: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n-0000b250: 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f , set GRUB's roo\n-0000b260: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 t device as. \n-0000b270: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f grub> insmo\n-0000b290: 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 d part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 grub> set r\n-0000b2b0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 oot=(hd0,netbsd1\n-0000b2c0: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 ).. For a di\n-0000b2d0: 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 sk with a GUID P\n-0000b2e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n-0000b2f0: 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 GPT), and assumi\n-0000b300: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n-0000b310: 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 NetBSD root par\n-0000b320: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 tition is the th\n-0000b330: 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f ird GPT partitio\n-0000b340: 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 n, do this:.. \n-0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n-0000b360: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 mod part_gpt. \n-0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n-0000b380: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 root=(hd0,gpt3)\n-0000b390: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n-0000b3a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n-0000b3b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 command ...knet\n-0000b3c0: 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 bsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 grub> knetbsd\n-0000b3e0: 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 /netbsd.. V\n-0000b3f0: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d arious options m\n-0000b400: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 ay be given to .\n-0000b410: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 ..knetbsd.... T\n-0000b420: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 hese options are\n-0000b430: 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d , for. the m\n-0000b440: 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 ost part, the sa\n-0000b450: 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 me as in the Net\n-0000b460: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e BSD boot loader.\n-0000b470: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 For. insta\n-0000b480: 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 nce, to boot the\n-0000b490: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c system in singl\n-0000b4a0: 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 e-user mode and \n-0000b4b0: 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 with verbose. \n-0000b4c0: 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 messages, do t\n-0000b4d0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n-0000b4e0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e grub> knetbsd /n\n-0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 etbsd -s -v.. 3\n-0000b500: 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 . If needed, loa\n-0000b510: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 d kernel modules\n-0000b520: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e with the comman\n-0000b530: 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 d. ...knetbs\n-0000b540: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e d_module_elf....\n-0000b550: 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d A typical exam\n-0000b560: 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c ple is the modul\n-0000b570: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 e for the root. \n-0000b580: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a file system:\n-0000b590: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000b5a0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 > knetbsd_module\n-0000b5b0: 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 _elf /stand/amd6\n-0000b5c0: 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 4/6.0/modules/ff\n-0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e s/ffs.kmod.. 4.\n-0000b5e0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n-0000b5f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n-0000b600: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n-0000b610: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0000b620: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000b630: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 DOS/Windows, Pr\n-0000b640: 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a ev: NetBSD, Up:\n-0000b650: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000b660: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 es..5.4.4 DOS/Wi\n-0000b670: 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndows.----------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 -------..GRUB ca\n-0000b690: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 nnot boot DOS or\n-0000b6a0: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c Windows directl\n-0000b6b0: 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 y, so you must c\n-0000b6c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 hain-load them.(\n-0000b6d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note Chain-load\n-0000b6e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ing::). However\n-0000b6f0: 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 , their boot loa\n-0000b700: 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 ders have some c\n-0000b710: 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e ritical.deficien\n-0000b720: 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 cies, so it may \n-0000b730: 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 not work to just\n-0000b740: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n-0000b750: 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 . To overcome.t\n-0000b760: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 he problems, GRU\n-0000b770: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B provides you w\n-0000b780: 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 ith two helper f\n-0000b790: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 unctions... If\n-0000b7a0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c you have instal\n-0000b7b0: 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 led DOS (or Wind\n-0000b7c0: 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 ows) on a non-fi\n-0000b7d0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 rst hard disk, y\n-0000b7e0: 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.have to use t\n-0000b7f0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 he disk swapping\n-0000b800: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 technique, beca\n-0000b810: 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e use that OS cann\n-0000b820: 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 ot boot.from any\n-0000b830: 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 disks but the f\n-0000b840: 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 irst one. The w\n-0000b850: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 orkaround used i\n-0000b860: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f n GRUB is the.co\n-0000b870: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 mmand ...drivema\n-0000b880: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 p... (*note driv\n-0000b890: 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 emap::), like th\n-0000b8a0: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d is:.. drivem\n-0000b8b0: 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 ap -s (hd0) (hd1\n-0000b8c0: 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f ).. This perfo\n-0000b8d0: 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c rms a ...virtual\n-0000b8e0: e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e ... swap between\n-0000b8f0: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 your first and \n-0000b900: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 second hard.driv\n-0000b910: 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a e... *Caution:\n-0000b920: 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 * This is effect\n-0000b930: 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 ive only if DOS \n-0000b940: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 (or Windows) use\n-0000b950: 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 s BIOS to.access\n-0000b960: 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 the swapped dis\n-0000b970: 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 ks. If that OS \n-0000b980: 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 uses a special d\n-0000b990: 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 river for the.di\n-0000b9a0: 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 sks, this probab\n-0000b9b0: 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a ly won't work...\n-0000b9c0: 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c Another probl\n-0000b9d0: 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 em arises if you\n-0000b9e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 installed more \n-0000b9f0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a than one set of.\n-0000ba00: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f DOS/Windows onto\n-0000ba10: 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 one disk, becau\n-0000ba20: 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 se they could be\n-0000ba30: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 confused if the\n-0000ba40: 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e re are.more than\n-0000ba50: 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 one primary par\n-0000ba60: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f titions for DOS/\n-0000ba70: 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 Windows. Certai\n-0000ba80: 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 nly you should.a\n-0000ba90: 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c void doing this,\n-0000baa0: 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 but there is a \n-0000bab0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 solution if you \n-0000bac0: 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f do want to do so\n-0000bad0: 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 . Use.the parti\n-0000bae0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 tion hiding/unhi\n-0000baf0: 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a ding technique..\n-0000bb00: 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 . If GRUB ...h\n-0000bb10: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n-0000bb20: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r Windows) parti\n-0000bb30: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 tion (*note part\n-0000bb40: 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 tool::), DOS.(or\n-0000bb50: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 Windows) will i\n-0000bb60: 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gnore the partit\n-0000bb70: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ion. If GRUB ..\n-0000bb80: 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f .unhides... a DO\n-0000bb90: 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or.Windows) p\n-0000bba0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f artition, DOS (o\n-0000bbb0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 r Windows) will \n-0000bbc0: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 detect the parti\n-0000bbd0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 tion. Thus,.if \n-0000bbe0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c you have install\n-0000bbf0: 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f ed DOS (or Windo\n-0000bc00: 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ws) on the first\n-0000bc10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a and the second.\n-0000bc20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-0000bc30: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n-0000bc40: 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 , and you want t\n-0000bc50: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 o boot the copy \n-0000bc60: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the.first par\n-0000bc70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 tition, do the f\n-0000bc80: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ollowing:.. \n-0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 parttool (hd0,1)\n-0000bca0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hidden-. pa\n-0000bcb0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 rttool (hd0,2) h\n-0000bcc0: 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 idden+. set \n-0000bcd0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-0000bce0: 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 chainloader +1\n-0000bcf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 . parttool $\n-0000bd00: 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 {root} boot+. \n-0000bd10: 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot....File: \n-0000bd20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000bd30: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c : Configuration,\n-0000bd40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Next: Theme fi\n-0000bd50: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 le format, Prev\n-0000bd60: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 : Booting, Up: \n-0000bd70: 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 Top..6 Writing y\n-0000bd80: 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 our own configur\n-0000bd90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation file.*****\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 '$(task-crea\n+0000aa50: 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 te)' '$(task-res\n+0000aa60: 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ume)'. \n+0000aa70: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 grub> module /li\n+0000aa80: 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f b/ld.so.1 exec /\n+0000aa90: 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 hurd/exec '$(exe\n+0000aaa0: 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 c-task=task-crea\n+0000aab0: 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c te)'.. 3. Final\n+0000aac0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n+0000aad0: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n+0000aae0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n+0000aaf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000ab00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 o, Node: GNU/Li\n+0000ab10: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 nux, Next: NetB\n+0000ab20: 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 SD, Prev: GNU/H\n+0000ab30: 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 urd, Up: OS-spe\n+0000ab40: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000ab50: 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d .2 GNU/Linux.---\n+0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 ------------..It\n+0000ab70: 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 is relatively e\n+0000ab80: 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f asy to boot GNU/\n+0000ab90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c Linux from GRUB,\n+0000aba0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 because it some\n+0000abb0: 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 what.resembles t\n+0000abc0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f o boot a Multibo\n+0000abd0: 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e ot-compliant OS.\n+0000abe0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n+0000abf0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n+0000ac00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n+0000ac10: 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 as GNU/Linux's. \n+0000ac20: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e The. comman\n+0000ac30: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 d ...search --se\n+0000ac40: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 t=root --file /v\n+0000ac50: 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d mlinuz... or sim\n+0000ac60: 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f ilar may help yo\n+0000ac70: 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 u. (*note se\n+0000ac80: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c arch::)... 2. L\n+0000ac90: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n+0000aca0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n+0000acb0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...linux... (*n\n+0000acc0: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 ote linux::):.. \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c grub> l\n+0000ace0: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f inux /vmlinuz ro\n+0000acf0: 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 ot=/dev/sda1.. \n+0000ad00: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 If you need t\n+0000ad10: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b o specify some k\n+0000ad20: 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ernel parameters\n+0000ad30: 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 , just append th\n+0000ad40: 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 em to. the c\n+0000ad50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 ommand. For exa\n+0000ad60: 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 mple, to set ...\n+0000ad70: 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 acpi... to ...of\n+0000ad80: 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a f..., do this:..\n+0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000ada0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 linux /vmlinuz r\n+0000adb0: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n+0000adc0: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 pi=off.. See\n+0000add0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 the documentati\n+0000ade0: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 on in the Linux \n+0000adf0: 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 source tree for \n+0000ae00: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e complete. in\n+0000ae10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n+0000ae20: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f available optio\n+0000ae30: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ns... With .\n+0000ae40: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 ..linux... GRUB \n+0000ae50: 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 uses 32-bit prot\n+0000ae60: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 ocol. Some BIOS\n+0000ae70: 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 services like. \n+0000ae80: 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 APM or EDD a\n+0000ae90: 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ren't available \n+0000aea0: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 with this protoc\n+0000aeb0: 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 ol. In this cas\n+0000aec0: 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 e you. need \n+0000aed0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 to use ...linux1\n+0000aee0: 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6..... \n+0000aef0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 grub> linux16 /v\n+0000af00: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n+0000af10: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n+0000af20: 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 3. If you use \n+0000af30: 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 an initrd, execu\n+0000af40: 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 te the command .\n+0000af50: 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..initrd... (*no\n+0000af60: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 te initrd::). \n+0000af70: 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 after ...linux\n+0000af80: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0000af90: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e grub> initrd /in\n+0000afa0: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f itrd.. If yo\n+0000afb0: 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 u used ...linux1\n+0000afc0: 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 6... you need to\n+0000afd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 use ...initrd16\n+0000afe0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+0000aff0: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f grub> initrd16 /\n+0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e initrd.. 4. Fin\n+0000b010: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000b020: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000b030: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000b040: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000b050: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 nfo, Node: NetB\n+0000b060: 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 SD, Next: DOS/W\n+0000b070: 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 indows, Prev: G\n+0000b080: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f NU/Linux, Up: O\n+0000b090: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000b0a0: 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d ..5.4.3 NetBSD.-\n+0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f -----------..Boo\n+0000b0c0: 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 ting a NetBSD ke\n+0000b0d0: 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 rnel from GRUB i\n+0000b0e0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c s also relativel\n+0000b0f0: 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 y easy: first se\n+0000b100: 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t.GRUB's root de\n+0000b110: 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 vice, then load \n+0000b120: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 the kernel and t\n+0000b130: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 he modules, and \n+0000b140: 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 finally.run ...b\n+0000b150: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 oot...... 1. Se\n+0000b160: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000b170: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 vice to the part\n+0000b180: 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 ition holding th\n+0000b190: 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 e NetBSD root. \n+0000b1a0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 file system. \n+0000b1b0: 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 For a disk with\n+0000b1c0: 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c a NetBSD disk l\n+0000b1d0: 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 abel, this is us\n+0000b1e0: 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 ually. the f\n+0000b1f0: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 irst partition (\n+0000b200: 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 a:). In that ca\n+0000b210: 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 se, and assuming\n+0000b220: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 that the. p\n+0000b230: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 artition is on t\n+0000b240: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n+0000b250: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 sk, set GRUB's r\n+0000b260: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 oot device as. \n+0000b270: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 follows:.. \n+0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n+0000b290: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 mod part_bsd. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n+0000b2b0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 root=(hd0,netbs\n+0000b2c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 d1).. For a \n+0000b2d0: 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 disk with a GUID\n+0000b2e0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n+0000b2f0: 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 (GPT), and assu\n+0000b300: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n+0000b310: 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 NetBSD root p\n+0000b320: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 artition is the \n+0000b330: 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 third GPT partit\n+0000b340: 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ion, do this:.. \n+0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n+0000b360: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 nsmod part_gpt. \n+0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n+0000b380: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 et root=(hd0,gpt\n+0000b390: 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 3).. 2. Load th\n+0000b3a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n+0000b3b0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e he command ...kn\n+0000b3c0: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 etbsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 grub> knetb\n+0000b3e0: 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 sd /netbsd.. \n+0000b3f0: 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 Various options\n+0000b400: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f may be given to\n+0000b410: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 ...knetbsd.... \n+0000b420: 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 These options a\n+0000b430: 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 re, for. the\n+0000b440: 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 most part, the \n+0000b450: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e same as in the N\n+0000b460: 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 etBSD boot loade\n+0000b470: 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 r. For. ins\n+0000b480: 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 tance, to boot t\n+0000b490: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e he system in sin\n+0000b4a0: 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e gle-user mode an\n+0000b4b0: 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 d with verbose. \n+0000b4c0: 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f messages, do\n+0000b4d0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 grub> knetbsd \n+0000b4f0: 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 /netbsd -s -v.. \n+0000b500: 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 3. If needed, l\n+0000b510: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c oad kernel modul\n+0000b520: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d es with the comm\n+0000b530: 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 and. ...knet\n+0000b540: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 bsd_module_elf..\n+0000b550: 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 .. A typical ex\n+0000b560: 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ample is the mod\n+0000b570: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 ule for the root\n+0000b580: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 . file syste\n+0000b590: 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 m:.. gr\n+0000b5a0: 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ub> knetbsd_modu\n+0000b5b0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d le_elf /stand/am\n+0000b5c0: 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f d64/6.0/modules/\n+0000b5d0: 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 ffs/ffs.kmod.. \n+0000b5e0: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n+0000b5f0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n+0000b600: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n+0000b610: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n+0000b620: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000b630: 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 : DOS/Windows, \n+0000b640: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 Prev: NetBSD, U\n+0000b650: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n+0000b660: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f otes..5.4.4 DOS/\n+0000b670: 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Windows.--------\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 ---------..GRUB \n+0000b690: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 cannot boot DOS \n+0000b6a0: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 or Windows direc\n+0000b6b0: 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 tly, so you must\n+0000b6c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n+0000b6d0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f .(*note Chain-lo\n+0000b6e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 ading::). Howev\n+0000b6f0: 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c er, their boot l\n+0000b700: 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 oaders have some\n+0000b710: 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 critical.defici\n+0000b720: 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 encies, so it ma\n+0000b730: 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 y not work to ju\n+0000b740: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n+0000b750: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 em. To overcome\n+0000b760: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 .the problems, G\n+0000b770: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 RUB provides you\n+0000b780: 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 with two helper\n+0000b790: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 functions... \n+0000b7a0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 If you have inst\n+0000b7b0: 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 alled DOS (or Wi\n+0000b7c0: 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d ndows) on a non-\n+0000b7d0: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n+0000b7e0: 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 you.have to use\n+0000b7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 the disk swappi\n+0000b800: 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 ng technique, be\n+0000b810: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 cause that OS ca\n+0000b820: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 nnot boot.from a\n+0000b830: 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 ny disks but the\n+0000b840: 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 first one. The\n+0000b850: 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 workaround used\n+0000b860: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a in GRUB is the.\n+0000b870: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 command ...drive\n+0000b880: 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 map... (*note dr\n+0000b890: 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 ivemap::), like \n+0000b8a0: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 this:.. driv\n+0000b8b0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n+0000b8c0: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 d1).. This per\n+0000b8d0: 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 forms a ...virtu\n+0000b8e0: 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 al... swap betwe\n+0000b8f0: 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e en your first an\n+0000b900: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 d second hard.dr\n+0000b910: 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f ive... *Cautio\n+0000b920: 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 n:* This is effe\n+0000b930: 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f ctive only if DO\n+0000b940: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 S (or Windows) u\n+0000b950: 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 ses BIOS to.acce\n+0000b960: 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 ss the swapped d\n+0000b970: 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f isks. If that O\n+0000b980: 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c S uses a special\n+0000b990: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a driver for the.\n+0000b9a0: 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 disks, this prob\n+0000b9b0: 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e ably won't work.\n+0000b9c0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f .. Another pro\n+0000b9d0: 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 blem arises if y\n+0000b9e0: 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 ou installed mor\n+0000b9f0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f e than one set o\n+0000ba00: 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e f.DOS/Windows on\n+0000ba10: 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 to one disk, bec\n+0000ba20: 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 ause they could \n+0000ba30: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 be confused if t\n+0000ba40: 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 here are.more th\n+0000ba50: 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 an one primary p\n+0000ba60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f artitions for DO\n+0000ba70: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 S/Windows. Cert\n+0000ba80: 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ainly you should\n+0000ba90: 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 .avoid doing thi\n+0000baa0: 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s, but there is \n+0000bab0: 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f a solution if yo\n+0000bac0: 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 u do want to do \n+0000bad0: 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 so. Use.the par\n+0000bae0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e tition hiding/un\n+0000baf0: 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 hiding technique\n+0000bb00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ... If GRUB ..\n+0000bb10: 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 .hides... a DOS \n+0000bb20: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 (or Windows) par\n+0000bb30: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 tition (*note pa\n+0000bb40: 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 rttool::), DOS.(\n+0000bb50: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c or Windows) will\n+0000bb60: 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 ignore the part\n+0000bb70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ition. If GRUB \n+0000bb80: e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 ...unhides... a \n+0000bb90: 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or.Windows)\n+0000bba0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 partition, DOS \n+0000bbb0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c (or Windows) wil\n+0000bbc0: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 l detect the par\n+0000bbd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 tition. Thus,.i\n+0000bbe0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 f you have insta\n+0000bbf0: 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e lled DOS (or Win\n+0000bc00: 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 dows) on the fir\n+0000bc10: 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e st and the secon\n+0000bc20: 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 d.partition of t\n+0000bc30: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he first hard di\n+0000bc40: 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 sk, and you want\n+0000bc50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 to boot the cop\n+0000bc60: 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 y on the.first p\n+0000bc70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 artition, do the\n+0000bc80: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 following:.. \n+0000bc90: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n+0000bca0: 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 1) hidden-. \n+0000bcb0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 parttool (hd0,2)\n+0000bcc0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 hidden+. se\n+0000bcd0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 chainloader \n+0000bcf0: 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c +1. parttool\n+0000bd00: 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 ${root} boot+. \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot....File\n+0000bd20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000bd30: 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f de: Configuratio\n+0000bd40: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 n, Next: Theme \n+0000bd50: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 file format, Pr\n+0000bd60: 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 ev: Booting, Up\n+0000bd70: 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 : Top..6 Writing\n+0000bd80: 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 your own config\n+0000bd90: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a uration file.***\n 0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 ..GRUB is config\n-0000bdd0: 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 ured using ...gr\n-0000bde0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c ub.cfg..., usual\n-0000bdf0: 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 ly located under\n-0000be00: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n-0000be10: 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 ...This file is \n-0000be20: 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 quite flexible, \n-0000be30: 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 but most users w\n-0000be40: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ill not need to \n-0000be50: 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 write the.whole \n-0000be60: 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a thing by hand...\n-0000be70: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c * Menu:..* Simpl\n-0000be80: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-0000be90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 : Rec\n-0000bea0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 ommended for mos\n-0000beb0: 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 t users.* Root I\n-0000bec0: 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 dentifcation Heu\n-0000bed0: 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d ristics:: Summ\n-0000bee0: 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 ary on how the r\n-0000bef0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 oot file system \n-0000bf00: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a is identified..*\n-0000bf10: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-0000bf20: 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 For power use\n-0000bf40: 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 rs and developer\n-0000bf50: 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d s.* Multi-boot m\n-0000bf60: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 anual config:: \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 For non-st\n-0000bf80: 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 andard multi-OS \n-0000bf90: 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 scenarios.* Embe\n-0000bfa0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-0000bfb0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d on:: Em\n-0000bfc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n-0000bfd0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n-0000bfe0: 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 o GRUB....File: \n-0000bff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000c000: 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 : Simple configu\n-0000c010: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 ration, Next: R\n-0000c020: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-0000c030: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 n Heuristics, U\n-0000c040: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-0000c050: 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e ..6.1 Simple con\n-0000c060: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c figuration handl\n-0000c070: 696e 670a 3d3d 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R\n+0000bea0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d ecommended for m\n+0000beb0: 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 ost users.* Root\n+0000bec0: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n+0000bed0: 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 euristics:: Su\n+0000bee0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 mmary on how the\n+0000bef0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+0000bf00: 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e m is identified.\n+0000bf10: 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 .* Shell-like sc\n+0000bf20: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 For power u\n+0000bf40: 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 sers and develop\n+0000bf50: 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 ers.* Multi-boot\n+0000bf60: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a manual config::\n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d For non-\n+0000bf80: 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 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(*note In\n-0000c0c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-0000c0d0: 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nfig::) generate\n-0000c0e0: 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 s....grub.cfg...\n-0000c0f0: 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 files suitable \n-0000c100: 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 for most cases. \n-0000c110: 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 It is suitable \n-0000c120: 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 for use when.upg\n-0000c130: 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 rading a distrib\n-0000c140: 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 ution, and will \n-0000c150: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 discover availab\n-0000c160: 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 le kernels and.a\n-0000c170: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 ttempt to genera\n-0000c180: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000c190: 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 for them... ..\n-0000c1a0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000c1b0: 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 . does have some\n-0000c1c0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 limitations. W\n-0000c1d0: 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 hile adding extr\n-0000c1e0: 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e a.custom menu en\n-0000c1f0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 tries to the end\n-0000c200: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e of the list can\n-0000c210: 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 be done by edit\n-0000c220: 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 ing..../etc/grub\n-0000c230: 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 .d/40_custom... \n-0000c240: 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f or creating .../\n-0000c250: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d boot/grub/custom\n-0000c260: 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e .cfg..., changin\n-0000c270: 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d g.the order of m\n-0000c280: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 enu entries or c\n-0000c290: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 hanging their ti\n-0000c2a0: 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 tles may require\n-0000c2b0: 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 making.complex \n-0000c2c0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c changes to shell\n-0000c2d0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 scripts stored \n-0000c2e0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e in .../etc/grub.\n-0000c2f0: 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 d/.... This may\n-0000c300: 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 be.improved in \n-0000c310: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 the future. In \n-0000c320: 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 the meantime, th\n-0000c330: 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 ose who feel tha\n-0000c340: 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 t it would.be ea\n-0000c350: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 sier to write ..\n-0000c360: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 .grub.cfg... dir\n-0000c370: 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 ectly are encour\n-0000c380: 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a aged to do so (*\n-0000c390: 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 note.Booting::, \n-0000c3a0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d and *note Shell-\n-0000c3b0: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n-0000c3c0: 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c ), and to disabl\n-0000c3d0: 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f e any system.pro\n-0000c3e0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 vided by their d\n-0000c3f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 istribution to a\n-0000c400: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e utomatically run\n-0000c410: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000c420: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 g...... The fi\n-0000c430: 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 le .../etc/defau\n-0000c440: 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 lt/grub... contr\n-0000c450: 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f ols the operatio\n-0000c460: 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 n of....grub-mkc\n-0000c470: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 onfig.... It is\n-0000c480: 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 sourced by a sh\n-0000c490: 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 ell script, and \n-0000c4a0: 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 so must be valid\n-0000c4b0: 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 .POSIX shell inp\n-0000c4c0: 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 ut; normally, it\n-0000c4d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 will just be a \n-0000c4e0: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b sequence of ...K\n-0000c4f0: 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 EY=value....line\n-0000c500: 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 s, but if the va\n-0000c510: 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 lue contains spa\n-0000c520: 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 ces or other spe\n-0000c530: 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 cial characters \n-0000c540: 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 then.it must be \n-0000c550: 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 quoted. For exa\n-0000c560: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 mple:.. GRUB\n-0000c570: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d _TERMINAL_INPUT=\n-0000c580: 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 \"console serial\"\n-0000c590: 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 .. Valid keys \n-0000c5a0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in .../etc/defau\n-0000c5b0: 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 lt/grub... are a\n-0000c5c0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 s follows:.....G\n-0000c5d0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_DEFAULT.... \n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n-0000c5f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 menu entry. Thi\n-0000c600: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 s may be a numbe\n-0000c610: 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 r, in which case\n-0000c620: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 it. identif\n-0000c630: 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 ies the Nth entr\n-0000c640: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 y in the generat\n-0000c650: 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 ed menu counted \n-0000c660: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 from zero,. \n-0000c670: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 or the title of \n-0000c680: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 a menu entry, or\n-0000c690: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 the special str\n-0000c6a0: 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e ing ...saved....\n-0000c6b0: 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 Using. the\n-0000c6c0: 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 id may be usefu\n-0000c6d0: 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f l if you want to\n-0000c6e0: 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 set a menu entr\n-0000c6f0: 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 y as the default\n-0000c700: 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 . even thoug\n-0000c710: 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 h there may be a\n-0000c720: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 variable number\n-0000c730: 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f of entries befo\n-0000c740: 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 re it... For\n-0000c750: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 example, if you\n-0000c760: 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e have:.. men\n-0000c770: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n-0000c780: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n-0000c790: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n-0000c7a0: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n-0000c7b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n-0000c7c0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 {. ..... \n-0000c7d0: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 }.. then y\n-0000c7e0: 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 ou can make this\n-0000c7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 the default usi\n-0000c800: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 ng:.. G\n-0000c810: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d RUB_DEFAULT=exam\n-0000c820: 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 ple-gnu-linux.. \n-0000c830: 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 Previously i\n-0000c840: 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 t was documented\n-0000c850: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 the way to use \n-0000c860: 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 entry title. Wh\n-0000c870: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 ile. this st\n-0000c880: 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e ill works it's n\n-0000c890: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 ot recommended s\n-0000c8a0: 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 ince titles ofte\n-0000c8b0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 n contain. u\n-0000c8c0: 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e nstable device n\n-0000c8d0: 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 ames and may be \n-0000c8e0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 translated.. \n-0000c8f0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 If you set this\n-0000c900: 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c to ...saved...,\n-0000c910: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c then the defaul\n-0000c920: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c t menu entry wil\n-0000c930: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 l be. that s\n-0000c940: 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f aved by ...GRUB_\n-0000c950: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f SAVEDEFAULT... o\n-0000c960: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 r ...grub-set-de\n-0000c970: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a fault.... This.\n-0000c980: 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 relies on t\n-0000c990: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-0000c9a0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n-0000c9b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n-0000c9c0: 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 in all. sit\n-0000c9d0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n-0000c9e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0000c9f0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ::)... The d\n-0000ca00: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 efault is ...0..\n-0000ca10: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 .......GRUB_SAVE\n-0000ca20: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n-0000ca30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000ca40: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 s set to ...true\n-0000ca50: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 ..., then, when \n-0000ca60: 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 an entry is sele\n-0000ca70: 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 cted,. save \n-0000ca80: 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 it as a new defa\n-0000ca90: 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 ult entry for us\n-0000caa0: 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 e by future runs\n-0000cab0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 of GRUB. This. \n-0000cac0: 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 is only usef\n-0000cad0: 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ul if ...GRUB_DE\n-0000cae0: 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 FAULT=saved...; \n-0000caf0: 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 it is a separate\n-0000cb00: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 option. bec\n-0000cb10: 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 ause ...GRUB_DEF\n-0000cb20: 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 AULT=saved... is\n-0000cb30: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 useful without \n-0000cb40: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a this option, in.\n-0000cb50: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e conjunction\n-0000cb60: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 with ...grub-se\n-0000cb70: 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 t-default.... U\n-0000cb80: 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e nset by default.\n-0000cb90: 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 This. opti\n-0000cba0: 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 on relies on the\n-0000cbb0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0000cbc0: 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f ck, which may no\n-0000cbd0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 t be available. \n-0000cbe0: 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 in all situa\n-0000cbf0: 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 tions (*note Env\n-0000cc00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-0000cc10: 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 )......GRUB_TIME\n-0000cc20: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 OUT.... Boot\n-0000cc30: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n-0000cc40: 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 ry this many sec\n-0000cc50: 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d onds after the m\n-0000cc60: 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 enu is. disp\n-0000cc70: 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 layed, unless a \n-0000cc80: 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 key is pressed. \n-0000cc90: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000cca0: e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f ...5.... Set to\n-0000ccb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f . ...0... to\n-0000ccc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c boot immediatel\n-0000ccd0: 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 y without displa\n-0000cce0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f ying the menu, o\n-0000ccf0: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f r to ...-1... to\n-0000cd00: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 . wait indef\n-0000cd10: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 initely... I\n-0000cd20: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 f ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cd30: 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 T_STYLE... is se\n-0000cd40: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n-0000cd50: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n-0000cd60: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 n..., the. t\n-0000cd70: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n-0000cd80: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n-0000cd90: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n-0000cda0: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 played......GRUB\n-0000cdb0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 _TIMEOUT_STYLE..\n-0000cdc0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-0000cdd0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f ption is unset o\n-0000cde0: 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 r set to ...menu\n-0000cdf0: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 ..., then GRUB w\n-0000ce00: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 ill display. \n-0000ce10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 the menu and th\n-0000ce20: 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 en wait for the \n-0000ce30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 timeout set by .\n-0000ce40: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n-0000ce50: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 . to. expire\n-0000ce60: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 before booting \n-0000ce70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n-0000ce80: 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b y. Pressing a k\n-0000ce90: 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 ey interrupts. \n-0000cea0: 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a the timeout..\n-0000ceb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000cec0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n-0000ced0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n-0000cee0: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n-0000cef0: 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 then, before. \n-0000cf00: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 displaying the\n-0000cf10: 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c menu, GRUB will\n-0000cf20: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 wait for the ti\n-0000cf30: 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 meout set by. \n-0000cf40: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cf50: 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 T... to expire. \n-0000cf60: 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 If or are pressed, o\n-0000cf80: 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 2069 r . i\n-0000cf90: 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 s held down duri\n-0000cfa0: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 ng that time, it\n-0000cfb0: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 will display th\n-0000cfc0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a e menu and wait.\n-0000cfd0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 for input. \n-0000cfe0: 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 If a hotkey ass\n-0000cff0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n-0000d000: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n-0000d010: 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ssed, it. wi\n-0000d020: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f ll boot the asso\n-0000d030: 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ciated menu entr\n-0000d040: 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 y immediately. \n-0000d050: 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 If the timeout. \n-0000d060: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f expires befo\n-0000d070: 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 re either of the\n-0000d080: 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 se happens, it w\n-0000d090: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 ill boot the def\n-0000d0a0: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e ault. entry.\n-0000d0b0: 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e In the ...coun\n-0000d0c0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 tdown... case, i\n-0000d0d0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e t will show a on\n-0000d0e0: 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f e-line indicatio\n-0000d0f0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 n. of the re\n-0000d100: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 maining time....\n-0000d110: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n-0000d120: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d130: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n-0000d140: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000d150: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n-0000d160: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f ......GRUB_BUTTO\n-0000d170: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n-0000d180: 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 .. Variants \n-0000d190: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e of the correspon\n-0000d1a0: 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ding variables w\n-0000d1b0: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 ithout the ..._B\n-0000d1c0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 UTTON.... su\n-0000d1d0: 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 ffix, used to su\n-0000d1e0: 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 pport vendor-spe\n-0000d1f0: 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 cific power butt\n-0000d200: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ons. *Note. \n-0000d210: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n-0000d220: 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 keys::......GRU\n-0000d230: 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 B_DISTRIBUTOR...\n-0000d240: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 . Set by dis\n-0000d250: 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 tributors of GRU\n-0000d260: 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 B to their ident\n-0000d270: 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 ifying name. Th\n-0000d280: 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 is is. used \n-0000d290: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 to generate more\n-0000d2a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e informative men\n-0000d2b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a u entry titles..\n-0000d2c0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000d2d0: 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 L_INPUT.... \n-0000d2e0: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n-0000d2f0: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 nal input device\n-0000d300: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 . You may selec\n-0000d310: 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 t multiple devic\n-0000d320: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 es. here, se\n-0000d330: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n-0000d340: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 s... Valid t\n-0000d350: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 erminal input na\n-0000d360: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n-0000d370: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n-0000d380: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n-0000d390: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... (\n-0000d3a0: 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 native platform \n-0000d3b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 console), ...ser\n-0000d3c0: 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 ial... (serial t\n-0000d3d0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 erminal),. .\n-0000d3e0: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 ..serial_.\n-0000d3f0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d400: 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 nal with explici\n-0000d410: 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e t port selection\n-0000d420: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 ),. ...at_ke\n-0000d430: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 yboard... (PC AT\n-0000d440: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 keyboard), or .\n-0000d450: 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ..usb_keyboard..\n-0000d460: 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a . (USB keyboard.\n-0000d470: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 using the H\n-0000d480: 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ID Boot Protocol\n-0000d490: 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 , for cases wher\n-0000d4a0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 e the firmware d\n-0000d4b0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e oes not. han\n-0000d4c0: 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 dle this)... \n-0000d4d0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000d4e0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 to use the platf\n-0000d4f0: 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 orm's native ter\n-0000d500: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 minal input.....\n-0000d510: 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f .GRUB_TERMINAL_O\n-0000d520: 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 UTPUT.... Se\n-0000d530: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 lect the termina\n-0000d540: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e l output device.\n-0000d550: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 You may select\n-0000d560: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 multiple device\n-0000d570: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 s. here, sep\n-0000d580: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-0000d590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 ... Valid te\n-0000d5a0: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 rminal output na\n-0000d5b0: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n-0000d5c0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n-0000d5d0: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n-0000d5e0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... (\n-0000d5f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 native platform \n-0000d600: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 console), ...ser\n-0000d610: 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 ial... (serial t\n-0000d620: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 erminal),. .\n-0000d630: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 ..serial_.\n-0000d640: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d650: 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 nal with explici\n-0000d660: 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e t port selection\n-0000d670: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 ),. ...gfxte\n-0000d680: 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d rm... (graphics-\n-0000d690: 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 mode output), ..\n-0000d6a0: 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 .vga_text... (VG\n-0000d6b0: 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a A text output),.\n-0000d6c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 ...mda_text\n-0000d6d0: e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 ... (MDA text ou\n-0000d6e0: 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 tput), ...morse.\n-0000d6f0: 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 .. (Morse-coding\n-0000d700: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 using system. \n-0000d710: 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 beeper) or ..\n-0000d720: 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 .spkmodem... (si\n-0000d730: 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 mple data protoc\n-0000d740: 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ol using system \n-0000d750: 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 speaker)... \n-0000d760: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 ...spkmodem... i\n-0000d770: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f s useful when no\n-0000d780: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 serial port is \n-0000d790: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e available. Conn\n-0000d7a0: 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 ect the. out\n-0000d7b0: 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 put of sending s\n-0000d7c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 ystem (where GRU\n-0000d7d0: 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f B is running) to\n-0000d7e0: 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 line-in of. \n-0000d7f0: 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 receiving syste\n-0000d800: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c m (usually devel\n-0000d810: 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 oper machine). \n-0000d820: 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 On receiving sys\n-0000d830: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 tem. compile\n-0000d840: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 ...spkmodem-rec\n-0000d850: 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 v... from ...uti\n-0000d860: 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e l/spkmodem-recv.\n-0000d870: 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 c... and run:.. \n-0000d880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 parecor\n-0000d890: 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d d --channels=1 -\n-0000d8a0: 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f -rate=48000 --fo\n-0000d8b0: 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 rmat=s16le | ./s\n-0000d8c0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 pkmodem-recv.. \n-0000d8d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0000d8e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n-0000d8f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n-0000d900: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n-0000d910: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000d920: 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 L.... 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Comman\n-0000da60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 d-line arguments\n-0000da70: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 to add to menu \n-0000da80: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 entries for the \n-0000da90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 Linux kernel....\n-0000daa0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000dab0: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a INUX_DEFAULT....\n-0000dac0: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 Unless ...G\n-0000dad0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f RUB_DISABLE_RECO\n-0000dae0: 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 VERY... is set t\n-0000daf0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 o ...true..., tw\n-0000db00: 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 o menu entries. \n-0000db10: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 will be gene\n-0000db20: 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c rated for each L\n-0000db30: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 inux kernel: one\n-0000db40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 default entry a\n-0000db50: 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 nd one. entr\n-0000db60: 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d y for recovery m\n-0000db70: 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f ode. This optio\n-0000db80: 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d n lists command-\n-0000db90: 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 line arguments. \n-0000dba0: 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 to add only \n-0000dbb0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d to the default m\n-0000dbc0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 enu entry, after\n-0000dbd0: 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e those listed in\n-0000dbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n-0000dbf0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a DLINE_LINUX.....\n-0000dc00: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000dc10: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 _LINUX_RECOVERY.\n-0000dc20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 ... Unless .\n-0000dc30: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 ..GRUB_DISABLE_R\n-0000dc40: 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ECOVERY... is se\n-0000dc50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n-0000dc60: 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 two menu entrie\n-0000dc70: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 s. will be g\n-0000dc80: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 enerated for eac\n-0000dc90: 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 h Linux kernel: \n-0000dca0: 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 one default entr\n-0000dcb0: 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 y and one. e\n-0000dcc0: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 ntry for recover\n-0000dcd0: 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 y mode. This op\n-0000dce0: 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 tion lists comma\n-0000dcf0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 nd-line argument\n-0000dd00: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e s. to add on\n-0000dd10: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 ly to the recove\n-0000dd20: 7279 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 ry menu entry, b\n-0000dd30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 efore those list\n-0000dd40: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 ed in. ...GR\n-0000dd50: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000dd60: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c .... The defaul\n-0000dd70: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 t is ...single..\n-0000dd80: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n-0000dd90: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 INE_NETBSD......\n-0000dda0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n-0000ddb0: 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a TBSD_DEFAULT....\n-0000ddc0: 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f As ...GRUB_\n-0000ddd0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n-0000dde0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n-0000ddf0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n-0000de00: 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 LT..., but for. \n-0000de10: 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 NetBSD......\n-0000de20: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 GRUB_CMDLINE_GNU\n-0000de30: 4d41 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 MACH.... As \n-0000de40: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000de50: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f LINUX..., but fo\n-0000de60: 7220 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 r GNU Mach......\n-0000de70: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN\n-0000de80: e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n-0000de90: 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 INE_XEN_DEFAULT.\n-0000dea0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 ... The valu\n-0000deb0: 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 es of these opti\n-0000dec0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 ons are passed t\n-0000ded0: 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 o Xen hypervisor\n-0000dee0: 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 Xen menu. e\n-0000def0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 ntries, for all \n-0000df00: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 respectively nor\n-0000df10: 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 mal entries.....\n-0000df20: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000df30: 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 NUX_XEN_REPLACE.\n-0000df40: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ......GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000df50: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 NE_LINUX_XEN_REP\n-0000df60: 4c41 4345 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a LACE_DEFAULT....\n-0000df70: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 The values \n-0000df80: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 of these options\n-0000df90: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c replace the val\n-0000dfa0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ues of. ...G\n-0000dfb0: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000dfc0: 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 X... and ...GRUB\n-0000dfd0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n-0000dfe0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 EFAULT... for Li\n-0000dff0: 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e nux and. Xen\n-0000e000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a menu entries...\n-0000e010: e280 9847 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 ...GRUB_TOP_LEVE\n-0000e020: 4ce2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 L.......GRUB_TOP\n-0000e030: 5f4c 4556 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 _LEVEL_XEN.... \n-0000e040: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 This option s\n-0000e050: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f hould be an abso\n-0000e060: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b lute path to a k\n-0000e070: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 ernel image. If\n-0000e080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 . provided, \n-0000e090: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n-0000e0a0: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n-0000e0b0: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 the top-level e\n-0000e0c0: 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 ntry if. it \n-0000e0d0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n-0000e0e0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 scan......GRUB_T\n-0000e0f0: 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 OP_LEVEL_OS_PROB\n-0000e100: 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ER.... This \n-0000e110: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 option should be\n-0000e120: 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 a line of outpu\n-0000e130: 7420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f t from ...os-pro\n-0000e140: 6265 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 ber.... As. \n-0000e150: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ...GRUB_TOP_LEV\n-0000e160: 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 EL..., if provid\n-0000e170: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 ed, the image sp\n-0000e180: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ecified will be \n-0000e190: 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f made the. to\n-0000e1a0: 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 p-level entry if\n-0000e1b0: 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 it is found in \n-0000e1c0: 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 the scan......GR\n-0000e1d0: 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f UB_EARLY_INITRD_\n-0000e1e0: 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a LINUX_CUSTOM....\n-0000e1f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e ...GRUB_EARLY_IN\n-0000e200: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b ITRD_LINUX_STOCK\n-0000e210: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 .... List of\n-0000e220: 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 space-separated\n-0000e230: 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d early initrd im\n-0000e240: 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 ages to be loade\n-0000e250: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f d from. .../\n-0000e260: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 boot.... This i\n-0000e270: 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 s for loading th\n-0000e280: 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 ings like CPU mi\n-0000e290: 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 crocode, firmwar\n-0000e2a0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 e,. ACPI tab\n-0000e2b0: 6c65 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 les, crypto keys\n-0000e2c0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 , and so on. Th\n-0000e2d0: 6573 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 ese early images\n-0000e2e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f will be. lo\n-0000e2f0: 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 aded in the orde\n-0000e300: 7220 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 r declared, and \n-0000e310: 616c 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 all will be load\n-0000e320: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 ed before the. \n-0000e330: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 actual functi\n-0000e340: 6f6e 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 onal initrd imag\n-0000e350: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 e... ...GRUB\n-0000e360: 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 _EARLY_INITRD_LI\n-0000e370: 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 NUX_STOCK... is \n-0000e380: 666f 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 for your distrib\n-0000e390: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 ution to declare\n-0000e3a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 . images tha\n-0000e3b0: 7420 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 t are provided b\n-0000e3c0: 7920 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 y the distributi\n-0000e3d0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e on. It should n\n-0000e3e0: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 ot be. modif\n-0000e3f0: 6965 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 ied without unde\n-0000e400: 7273 7461 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f rstanding the co\n-0000e410: 6e73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 nsequences. The\n-0000e420: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c y will be. l\n-0000e430: 6f61 6465 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 oaded first... \n-0000e440: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n-0000e450: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 _INITRD_LINUX_CU\n-0000e460: 5354 4f4d e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 STOM... is for y\n-0000e470: 6f75 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 our custom creat\n-0000e480: 6564 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ed images... \n-0000e490: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f The default sto\n-0000e4a0: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 ck images are as\n-0000e4b0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 follows, though\n-0000e4c0: 2074 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 they may be. \n-0000e4d0: 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 overridden by \n-0000e4e0: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n-0000e4f0: 6e3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 n:. int\n-0000e500: 656c 2d75 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d el-uc.img intel-\n-0000e510: 7563 6f64 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 ucode.img amd-uc\n-0000e520: 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 .img amd-ucode.i\n-0000e530: 6d67 2065 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 mg early_ucode.c\n-0000e540: 7069 6f20 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 pio microcode.cp\n-0000e550: 696f 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 io.....GRUB_DISA\n-0000e560: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 BLE_LINUX_UUID..\n-0000e570: 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n-0000e580: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000e590: 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 g... will genera\n-0000e5a0: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n-0000e5b0: 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e that use. un\n-0000e5c0: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n-0000e5d0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 identifiers (UU\n-0000e5e0: 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 IDs) to identify\n-0000e5f0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 the root. f\n-0000e600: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 ilesystem to the\n-0000e610: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 Linux kernel, u\n-0000e620: 7369 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 sing a ...root=U\n-0000e630: 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 UID=...... kerne\n-0000e640: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 l. parameter\n-0000e650: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c . This is usual\n-0000e660: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 ly more reliable\n-0000e670: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 , but in some ca\n-0000e680: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 ses it may. \n-0000e690: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 not be appropria\n-0000e6a0: 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 te. To disable \n-0000e6b0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 the use of UUIDs\n-0000e6c0: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f , set this optio\n-0000e6d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 n. to ...tru\n-0000e6e0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 e.........GRUB_D\n-0000e6f0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-0000e700: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 TUUID.... If\n-0000e710: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-0000e720: 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e g... cannot iden\n-0000e730: 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 tify the root fi\n-0000e740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 lesystem via its\n-0000e750: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c . universall\n-0000e760: 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 y-unique indenti\n-0000e770: 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 fier (UUID), ...\n-0000e780: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000e790: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 can use the. \n-0000e7a0: 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 UUID of the pa\n-0000e7b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 rtition containi\n-0000e7c0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ng the filesyste\n-0000e7d0: 6d20 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 m to identify th\n-0000e7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 e. root file\n-0000e7f0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 system to the Li\n-0000e800: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 nux kernel via a\n-0000e810: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n-0000e820: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 D=....... ke\n-0000e830: 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 rnel parameter. \n-0000e840: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 This is not as \n-0000e850: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e reliable as usin\n-0000e860: 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d g the filesystem\n-0000e870: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 . UUID, but \n-0000e880: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 is more reliable\n-0000e890: 2074 6861 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 than using the \n-0000e8a0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d Linux device nam\n-0000e8b0: 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 es. When. .\n-0000e8c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n-0000e8d0: 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 INUX_PARTUUID...\n-0000e8e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 is set to ...fa\n-0000e8f0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 lse..., the Linu\n-0000e900: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 x kernel. ve\n-0000e910: 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e rsion must be 2.\n-0000e920: 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 6.37 (3.10 for s\n-0000e930: 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ystems using the\n-0000e940: 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e MSDOS partition\n-0000e950: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 . scheme) or\n-0000e960: 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 newer. This op\n-0000e970: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f tion defaults to\n-0000e980: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f ...true.... To\n-0000e990: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 enable the. \n-0000e9a0: 2075 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f use of partitio\n-0000e9b0: 6e20 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 n UUIDs, set thi\n-0000e9c0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 s option to ...f\n-0000e9d0: 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 alse.........GRU\n-0000e9e0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 B_DISABLE_RECOVE\n-0000e9f0: 5259 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 RY.... 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To disable t\n-0000eb80: 6869 7320 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 his use. of \n-0000eb90: 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 UUIDs, set this \n-0000eba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 option to ...tru\n-0000ebb0: 65e2 8099 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 e.... Setting t\n-0000ebc0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 his option to. \n-0000ebd0: 2020 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 ...true..., w\n-0000ebe0: 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 ill also set the\n-0000ebf0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 options ...GRUB\n-0000ec00: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n-0000ec10: 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 UID... and. \n-0000ec20: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000ec30: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n-0000ec40: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c . to ...true...,\n-0000ec50: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 unless they hav\n-0000ec60: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c e been. expl\n-0000ec70: 6963 696c 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 icilty set to ..\n-0000ec80: 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 .false.........G\n-0000ec90: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e RUB_VIDEO_BACKEN\n-0000eca0: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 D.... 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Set \n-0000f690: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 this option to .\n-0000f6a0: 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e ..false... to en\n-0000f6b0: 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 able this. f\n-0000f6c0: 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 eature in the ..\n-0000f6d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000f6e0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 . command......G\n-0000f6f0: 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b RUB_OS_PROBER_SK\n-0000f700: 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 IP_LIST.... \n-0000f710: 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 List of space-se\n-0000f720: 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 parated FS UUIDs\n-0000f730: 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 of filesystems \n-0000f740: 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 to be ignored fr\n-0000f750: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 om. os-probe\n-0000f760: 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 r output. For e\n-0000f770: 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 fi chainloaders \n-0000f780: 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 it's @.....GRUB_\n-0000f7a0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 DISABLE_SUBMENU.\n-0000f7b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ... 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For\n-0000f890: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 entries returne\n-0000f8a0: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 d by ...os-probe\n-0000f8b0: 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 r... first entry\n-0000f8c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 will be put on \n-0000f8d0: 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 top. level a\n-0000f8e0: 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e nd all others in\n-0000f8f0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 submenu. If th\n-0000f900: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n-0000f910: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a to ...true...,.\n-0000f920: 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 flat menu w\n-0000f930: 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 ith all entries \n-0000f940: 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c on top level wil\n-0000f950: 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 l be generated i\n-0000f960: 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 nstead.. 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Note\n-0000fb60: 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 that in this ca\n-0000fb70: 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f se unattended bo\n-0000fb80: 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 ot is not. p\n-0000fb90: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 ossible because \n-0000fba0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 GRUB will wait f\n-0000fbb0: 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f or passphrase to\n-0000fbc0: 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 unlock encrypte\n-0000fbd0: 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 d. container\n-0000fbe0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f ......GRUB_INIT_\n-0000fbf0: 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 TUNE.... Pla\n-0000fc00: 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 y a tune on the \n-0000fc10: 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 speaker when GRU\n-0000fc20: 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 B starts. 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Each m\n-0000fdb0: 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f odule will be lo\n-0000fdc0: 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 aded as early as\n-0000fdd0: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 possible, at th\n-0000fde0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e. start of \n-0000fdf0: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a ...grub.cfg.....\n-0000fe00: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 ....GRUB_RECORDF\n-0000fe10: 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 AIL_TIMEOUT.... \n-0000fe20: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n-0000fe30: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 on is set, it ov\n-0000fe40: 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 errides the defa\n-0000fe50: 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 ult recordfail s\n-0000fe60: 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 etting.. 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The def\n-0000ff50: 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 ault setting is \n-0000ff60: 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 30, which causes\n-0000ff70: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 GRUB to wait. \n-0000ff80: 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 for user inpu\n-0000ff90: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 t for thirty sec\n-0000ffa0: 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 onds before cont\n-0000ffb0: 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 inuing. 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This opti\n-00010160: 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c on sets the Engl\n-00010170: 6973 6820 7465 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 ish text of the \n-00010180: 7374 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c string that will\n-00010190: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 be. display\n-000101a0: 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 ed in parenthese\n-000101b0: 7320 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 s to indicate th\n-000101c0: 6174 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e at a boot option\n-000101d0: 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 is provided. \n-000101e0: 2020 746f 2068 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 to help users \n-000101f0: 7265 636f 7665 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e recover a broken\n-00010200: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 system. The de\n-00010210: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 fault is \"recove\n-00010220: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a ry. mode\"...\n-00010230: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n-00010240: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 options are sti\n-00010250: 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 ll accepted for \n-00010260: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 compatibility wi\n-00010270: 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 th.existing conf\n-00010280: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 igurations, but \n-00010290: 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c have better repl\n-000102a0: 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 acements:.....GR\n-000102b0: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-000102c0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 T.... 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If you set\n-000104c0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-000104d0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 TIMEOUT..., you \n-000104e0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a should also set.\n-000104f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010500: 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 EOUT=0... so tha\n-00010510: 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f t the menu is no\n-00010520: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 t displayed at a\n-00010530: 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c ll unless. <\n-00010540: 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 ESC> or are\n-00010550: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 pressed, or is held dow\n-00010570: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 n... This op\n-00010580: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n-00010590: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n-000105a0: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n-000105b0: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n-000105c0: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n-000105d0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-000105e0: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n-000105f0: e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ... or. ...G\n-00010600: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-00010610: 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 E=hidden........\n-00010620: 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d .GRUB_HIDDEN_TIM\n-00010630: 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 EOUT_QUIET.... \n-00010640: 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 696f In conjunctio\n-00010650: 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 n with ...GRUB_H\n-00010660: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n-00010670: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 , set this to ..\n-00010680: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 .true... to. \n-00010690: 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 7468 6520 7665 suppress the ve\n-000106a0: 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 rbose countdown \n-000106b0: 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 696e 6720 666f while waiting fo\n-000106c0: 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f 2062 650a 2020 r a key to be. \n-000106d0: 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 2062 6566 6f72 pressed befor\n-000106e0: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 e displaying the\n-000106f0: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 menu... Thi\n-00010700: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 s option is unse\n-00010710: 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e t by default, an\n-00010720: 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 d is deprecated \n-00010730: 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in favour of the\n-00010740: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 . less confu\n-00010750: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d sing ...GRUB_TIM\n-00010760: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 EOUT_STYLE=count\n-00010770: 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 down.........GRU\n-00010780: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n-00010790: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _BUTTON.... \n-000107a0: 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 Variant of ...GR\n-000107b0: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n-000107c0: 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 T..., used to su\n-000107d0: 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 pport vendor-spe\n-000107e0: 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 cific. power\n-000107f0: 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 buttons. *Note\n-00010800: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n-00010810: 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 keys::... T\n-00010820: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n-00010830: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n-00010840: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n-00010850: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n-00010860: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n-00010870: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n-00010880: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n-00010890: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 ntdown... or. \n-000108a0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-000108b0: 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 T_STYLE=hidden..\n-000108c0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 .... For more \n-000108d0: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 detailed customi\n-000108e0: 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 sation of ...gru\n-000108f0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 b-mkconfig...'s \n-00010900: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a output, you may.\n-00010910: 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 edit the scripts\n-00010920: 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 in .../etc/grub\n-00010930: 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 .d... directly. \n-00010940: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f .../etc/grub.d/\n-00010950: 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 40_custom... is.\n-00010960: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 particularly use\n-00010970: 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 ful for adding e\n-00010980: 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e ntire custom men\n-00010990: 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c u entries; simpl\n-000109a0: 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 y type.the menu \n-000109b0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 entries you want\n-000109c0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 to add at the e\n-000109d0: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c nd of that file,\n-000109e0: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a making sure to.\n-000109f0: 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 leave at least t\n-00010a00: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e he first two lin\n-00010a10: 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es intact.....Fi\n-00010a20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00010a30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 Node: Root Ident\n-00010a40: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n-00010a50: 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c ics, Next: Shel\n-00010a60: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-00010a70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 , Prev: Simple \n-00010a80: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n-00010a90: 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f Up: Configuratio\n-00010aa0: 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e n..6.2 Root Iden\n-00010ab0: 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 tifcation Heuris\n-00010ac0: 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tics.===========\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+0000c0a0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 gram ...grub-mkc\n+0000c0b0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 onfig... (*note \n+0000c0c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+0000c0d0: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 config::) genera\n+0000c0e0: 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 tes....grub.cfg.\n+0000c0f0: 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c .. files suitabl\n+0000c100: 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 e for most cases\n+0000c110: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c . It is suitabl\n+0000c120: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 e for use when.u\n+0000c130: 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 pgrading a distr\n+0000c140: 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c ibution, and wil\n+0000c150: 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c l discover avail\n+0000c160: 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 able kernels and\n+0000c170: 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 .attempt to gene\n+0000c180: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n+0000c190: 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 s for them... \n+0000c1a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+0000c1b0: e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f ... does have so\n+0000c1c0: 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 me limitations. \n+0000c1d0: 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 While adding ex\n+0000c1e0: 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 tra.custom menu \n+0000c1f0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 entries to the e\n+0000c200: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 nd of the list c\n+0000c210: 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 an be done by ed\n+0000c220: 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 iting..../etc/gr\n+0000c230: 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 ub.d/40_custom..\n+0000c240: 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 . or creating ..\n+0000c250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 ./boot/grub/cust\n+0000c260: 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 om.cfg..., chang\n+0000c270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 ing.the order of\n+0000c280: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 menu entries or\n+0000c290: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 changing their \n+0000c2a0: 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 titles may requi\n+0000c2b0: 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 re making.comple\n+0000c2c0: 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 x changes to she\n+0000c2d0: 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 ll scripts store\n+0000c2e0: 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 d in .../etc/gru\n+0000c2f0: 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d b.d/.... This m\n+0000c300: 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 ay be.improved i\n+0000c310: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 n the future. I\n+0000c320: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 n the meantime, \n+0000c330: 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 those who feel t\n+0000c340: 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 hat it would.be \n+0000c350: 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 easier to write \n+0000c360: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 ...grub.cfg... d\n+0000c370: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f irectly are enco\n+0000c380: 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 uraged to do so \n+0000c390: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a (*note.Booting::\n+0000c3a0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c , and *note Shel\n+0000c3b0: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+0000c3c0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 ::), and to disa\n+0000c3d0: 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 ble any system.p\n+0000c3e0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 rovided by their\n+0000c3f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f distribution to\n+0000c400: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n+0000c410: 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e un ...grub-mkcon\n+0000c420: 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 fig...... The \n+0000c430: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 file .../etc/def\n+0000c440: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ault/grub... con\n+0000c450: 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 trols the operat\n+0000c460: 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion of....grub-m\n+0000c470: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 kconfig.... It \n+0000c480: 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 is sourced by a \n+0000c490: 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e shell script, an\n+0000c4a0: 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c d so must be val\n+0000c4b0: 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 id.POSIX shell i\n+0000c4c0: 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 nput; normally, \n+0000c4d0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 it will just be \n+0000c4e0: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 a sequence of ..\n+0000c4f0: 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 .KEY=value....li\n+0000c500: 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 nes, but if the \n+0000c510: 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 value contains s\n+0000c520: 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 paces or other s\n+0000c530: 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 pecial character\n+0000c540: 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 s then.it must b\n+0000c550: 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 e quoted. For e\n+0000c560: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 xample:.. GR\n+0000c570: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n+0000c580: 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 T=\"console seria\n+0000c590: 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 l\".. Valid key\n+0000c5a0: 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 s in .../etc/def\n+0000c5b0: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 ault/grub... are\n+0000c5c0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 as follows:....\n+0000c5d0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 .GRUB_DEFAULT...\n+0000c5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n+0000c5f0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 t menu entry. T\n+0000c600: 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d his may be a num\n+0000c610: 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ber, in which ca\n+0000c620: 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 se it. ident\n+0000c630: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e ifies the Nth en\n+0000c640: 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 try in the gener\n+0000c650: 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 ated menu counte\n+0000c660: 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 d from zero,. \n+0000c670: 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f or the title o\n+0000c680: 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 f a menu entry, \n+0000c690: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 or the special s\n+0000c6a0: 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 tring ...saved..\n+0000c6b0: 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 .. Using. t\n+0000c6c0: 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 he id may be use\n+0000c6d0: 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 ful if you want \n+0000c6e0: 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e to set a menu en\n+0000c6f0: 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 try as the defau\n+0000c700: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f lt. even tho\n+0000c710: 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ugh there may be\n+0000c720: 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 a variable numb\n+0000c730: 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 er of entries be\n+0000c740: 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 fore it... F\n+0000c750: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 or example, if y\n+0000c760: 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d ou have:.. m\n+0000c770: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c enuentry 'Exampl\n+0000c780: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 e GNU/Linux dist\n+0000c790: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 ribution' --clas\n+0000c7a0: 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 s gnu-linux --id\n+0000c7b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e example-gnu-lin\n+0000c7c0: 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 ux {. ..... \n+0000c7d0: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e }.. then\n+0000c7e0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n+0000c7f0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n+0000c800: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sing:.. \n+0000c810: 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 GRUB_DEFAULT=ex\n+0000c820: 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a ample-gnu-linux.\n+0000c830: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 . Previously\n+0000c840: 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 it was document\n+0000c850: 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 ed the way to us\n+0000c860: 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 e entry title. \n+0000c870: 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 While. this \n+0000c880: 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 still works it's\n+0000c890: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n+0000c8a0: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 since titles of\n+0000c8b0: 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 ten contain. \n+0000c8c0: 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 unstable device\n+0000c8d0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 names and may b\n+0000c8e0: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 e translated.. \n+0000c8f0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 If you set th\n+0000c900: 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 is to ...saved..\n+0000c910: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ., then the defa\n+0000c920: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 ult menu entry w\n+0000c930: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 ill be. that\n+0000c940: 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 saved by ...GRU\n+0000c950: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n+0000c960: 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d or ...grub-set-\n+0000c970: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 default.... Thi\n+0000c980: 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e s. relies on\n+0000c990: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+0000c9a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 block, which ma\n+0000c9b0: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 y not be availab\n+0000c9c0: 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 le in all. s\n+0000c9d0: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 ituations (*note\n+0000c9e0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+0000c9f0: 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ck::)... The\n+0000ca00: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 default is ...0\n+0000ca10: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 .........GRUB_SA\n+0000ca20: 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 VEDEFAULT.... \n+0000ca30: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000ca40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 is set to ...tr\n+0000ca50: 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 ue..., then, whe\n+0000ca60: 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 n an entry is se\n+0000ca70: 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 lected,. sav\n+0000ca80: 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 e it as a new de\n+0000ca90: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 fault entry for \n+0000caa0: 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 use by future ru\n+0000cab0: 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 ns of GRUB. This\n+0000cac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 . is only us\n+0000cad0: 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f eful if ...GRUB_\n+0000cae0: 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 DEFAULT=saved...\n+0000caf0: 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 ; it is a separa\n+0000cb00: 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 te option. b\n+0000cb10: 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ecause ...GRUB_D\n+0000cb20: 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 EFAULT=saved... \n+0000cb30: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 is useful withou\n+0000cb40: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 t this option, i\n+0000cb50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 n. conjuncti\n+0000cb60: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d on with ...grub-\n+0000cb70: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 set-default.... \n+0000cb80: 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c Unset by defaul\n+0000cb90: 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 t. This. op\n+0000cba0: 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 tion relies on t\n+0000cbb0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+0000cbc0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n+0000cbd0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n+0000cbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 . in all sit\n+0000cbf0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n+0000cc00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000cc10: 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 ::)......GRUB_TI\n+0000cc20: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f MEOUT.... Bo\n+0000cc30: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n+0000cc40: 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 ntry this many s\n+0000cc50: 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 econds after the\n+0000cc60: 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 menu is. di\n+0000cc70: 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 splayed, unless \n+0000cc80: 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 a key is pressed\n+0000cc90: 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The default i\n+0000cca0: 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 s ...5.... Set \n+0000ccb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 to. ...0... \n+0000ccc0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 to boot immediat\n+0000ccd0: 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 ely without disp\n+0000cce0: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n+0000ccf0: 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 or to ...-1... \n+0000cd00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 to. wait ind\n+0000cd10: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 efinitely... \n+0000cd20: 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 If ...GRUB_TIME\n+0000cd30: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 OUT_STYLE... is \n+0000cd40: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n+0000cd50: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n+0000cd60: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 den..., the. \n+0000cd70: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n+0000cd80: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n+0000cd90: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n+0000cda0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 isplayed......GR\n+0000cdb0: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0000cdc0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n+0000cdd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 option is unset\n+0000cde0: 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 or set to ...me\n+0000cdf0: 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 nu..., then GRUB\n+0000ce00: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 will display. \n+0000ce10: 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 the menu and \n+0000ce20: 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 then wait for th\n+0000ce30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n+0000ce40: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000ce50: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 ... to. expi\n+0000ce60: 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e re before bootin\n+0000ce70: 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e g the default en\n+0000ce80: 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 try. Pressing a\n+0000ce90: 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a key interrupts.\n+0000cea0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 the timeout\n+0000ceb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+0000cec0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n+0000ced0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000cee0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+0000cef0: 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 , then, before. \n+0000cf00: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 displaying t\n+0000cf10: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 he menu, GRUB wi\n+0000cf20: 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 ll wait for the \n+0000cf30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 timeout set by. \n+0000cf40: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ...GRUB_TIME\n+0000cf50: 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 OUT... to expire\n+0000cf60: 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c . If or <\n+0000cf70: 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c F4> are pressed,\n+0000cf80: 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 or . \n+0000cf90: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 is held down du\n+0000cfa0: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 ring that time, \n+0000cfb0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 it will display \n+0000cfc0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 the menu and wai\n+0000cfd0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 t. for input\n+0000cfe0: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 . If a hotkey a\n+0000cff0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 ssociated with a\n+0000d000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 menu entry is p\n+0000d010: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ressed, it. \n+0000d020: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 will boot the as\n+0000d030: 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e sociated menu en\n+0000d040: 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e try immediately.\n+0000d050: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 If the timeout\n+0000d060: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 . expires be\n+0000d070: 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 fore either of t\n+0000d080: 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 hese happens, it\n+0000d090: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 will boot the d\n+0000d0a0: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 efault. entr\n+0000d0b0: 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f y. In the ...co\n+0000d0c0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c untdown... case,\n+0000d0d0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 it will show a \n+0000d0e0: 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 one-line indicat\n+0000d0f0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n+0000d100: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a remaining time..\n+0000d110: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ....GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0000d120: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n+0000d130: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0000d140: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n+0000d150: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n+0000d160: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 N.......GRUB_BUT\n+0000d170: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n+0000d180: e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 .... Variant\n+0000d190: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 s of the corresp\n+0000d1a0: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onding variables\n+0000d1b0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 without the ...\n+0000d1c0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _BUTTON.... \n+0000d1d0: 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 suffix, used to \n+0000d1e0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 support vendor-s\n+0000d1f0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 pecific power bu\n+0000d200: 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 ttons. *Note. \n+0000d210: 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d Vendor power-\n+0000d220: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 on keys::......G\n+0000d230: 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 RUB_DISTRIBUTOR.\n+0000d240: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 ... Set by d\n+0000d250: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 istributors of G\n+0000d260: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 RUB to their ide\n+0000d270: 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 ntifying name. \n+0000d280: 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 This is. use\n+0000d290: 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f d to generate mo\n+0000d2a0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d re informative m\n+0000d2b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 enu entry titles\n+0000d2c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n+0000d2d0: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 NAL_INPUT.... \n+0000d2e0: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n+0000d2f0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 minal input devi\n+0000d300: 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c ce. You may sel\n+0000d310: 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 ect multiple dev\n+0000d320: 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 ices. here, \n+0000d330: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n+0000d340: 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 ces... Valid\n+0000d350: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n+0000d360: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n+0000d370: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n+0000d380: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n+0000d390: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n+0000d3a0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n+0000d3b0: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n+0000d3c0: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n+0000d3d0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d3e0: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n+0000d400: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n+0000d410: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n+0000d420: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f on),. ...at_\n+0000d430: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 keyboard... (PC \n+0000d440: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 AT keyboard), or\n+0000d450: 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...usb_keyboard\n+0000d460: e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 ... (USB keyboar\n+0000d470: 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 d. using the\n+0000d480: 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 HID Boot Protoc\n+0000d490: 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 ol, for cases wh\n+0000d4a0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 ere the firmware\n+0000d4b0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 does not. h\n+0000d4c0: 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 andle this)... \n+0000d4d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0000d4e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n+0000d4f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n+0000d500: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a erminal input...\n+0000d510: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n+0000d520: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _OUTPUT.... \n+0000d530: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n+0000d540: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 nal output devic\n+0000d550: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 e. You may sele\n+0000d560: 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 ct multiple devi\n+0000d570: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 ces. here, s\n+0000d580: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+0000d590: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 es... Valid \n+0000d5a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 terminal output \n+0000d5b0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 names depend on \n+0000d5c0: 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 the platform, bu\n+0000d5d0: 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 t may include. \n+0000d5e0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n+0000d5f0: 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 (native platfor\n+0000d600: 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 m console), ...s\n+0000d610: 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c erial... (serial\n+0000d620: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d630: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 ...serial_... (serial ter\n+0000d650: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 minal with expli\n+0000d660: 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 cit port selecti\n+0000d670: 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 on),. ...gfx\n+0000d680: 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 term... (graphic\n+0000d690: 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 s-mode output), \n+0000d6a0: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 ...vga_text... (\n+0000d6b0: 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 VGA text output)\n+0000d6c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 ,. ...mda_te\n+0000d6d0: 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 xt... (MDA text \n+0000d6e0: 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 output), ...mors\n+0000d6f0: 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 e... (Morse-codi\n+0000d700: 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a ng using system.\n+0000d710: 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 beeper) or \n+0000d720: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 ...spkmodem... (\n+0000d730: 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 simple data prot\n+0000d740: 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 ocol using syste\n+0000d750: 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 m speaker)... \n+0000d760: 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 ...spkmodem...\n+0000d770: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 is useful when \n+0000d780: 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 no serial port i\n+0000d790: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f s available. Co\n+0000d7a0: 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f nnect the. o\n+0000d7b0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 utput of sending\n+0000d7c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 system (where G\n+0000d7d0: 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 RUB is running) \n+0000d7e0: 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 to line-in of. \n+0000d7f0: 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 receiving sys\n+0000d800: 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 tem (usually dev\n+0000d810: 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e eloper machine).\n+0000d820: 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 On receiving s\n+0000d830: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 ystem. compi\n+0000d840: 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 le ...spkmodem-r\n+0000d850: 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 ecv... from ...u\n+0000d860: 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 til/spkmodem-rec\n+0000d870: 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a v.c... and run:.\n+0000d880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 . parec\n+0000d890: 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 ord --channels=1\n+0000d8a0: 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d --rate=48000 --\n+0000d8b0: 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e format=s16le | .\n+0000d8c0: 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a /spkmodem-recv..\n+0000d8d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0000d8e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n+0000d8f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n+0000d900: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n+0000d910: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 ......GRUB_TERMI\n+0000d920: 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 NAL.... 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Comm\n+0000da60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e and-line argumen\n+0000da70: 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e ts to add to men\n+0000da80: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n+0000da90: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a e Linux kernel..\n+0000daa0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000dab0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n+0000dac0: 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 .. 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As. \n+0000e150: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ...GRUB_TOP_L\n+0000e160: 4556 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 EVEL..., if prov\n+0000e170: 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ided, the image \n+0000e180: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 specified will b\n+0000e190: 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e made the. \n+0000e1a0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 top-level entry \n+0000e1b0: 6966 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 if it is found i\n+0000e1c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 n the scan......\n+0000e1d0: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n+0000e1e0: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n+0000e1f0: 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f .....GRUB_EARLY_\n+0000e200: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f INITRD_LINUX_STO\n+0000e210: 434b e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 CK.... List \n+0000e220: 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 of space-separat\n+0000e230: 6564 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ed early initrd \n+0000e240: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 images to be loa\n+0000e250: 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ded from. ..\n+0000e260: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ./boot.... This\n+0000e270: 2069 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 is for loading \n+0000e280: 7468 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 things like CPU \n+0000e290: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 microcode, firmw\n+0000e2a0: 6172 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 are,. 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If you \n+0000f480: 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 have problems,. \n+0000f490: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 set this opt\n+0000f4a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ion to ...text..\n+0000f4b0: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n+0000f4c0: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n+0000f4d0: 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 ot in. norma\n+0000f4e0: 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 l text mode.....\n+0000f4f0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 .GRUB_DISABLE_OS\n+0000f500: 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _PROBER.... \n+0000f510: 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f The ...grub-mkco\n+0000f520: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 nfig... has a fe\n+0000f530: 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 ature to use the\n+0000f540: 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d external ...os-\n+0000f550: 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 prober.... p\n+0000f560: 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 rogram to discov\n+0000f570: 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 er other operati\n+0000f580: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 ng systems insta\n+0000f590: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 lled on the same\n+0000f5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e . machine an\n+0000f5b0: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f d generate appro\n+0000f5c0: 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 priate menu entr\n+0000f5d0: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 ies for them. 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Se\n+0000f690: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n+0000f6a0: 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...false... to \n+0000f6b0: 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 enable this. \n+0000f6c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 feature in the \n+0000f6d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+0000f6e0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 ... command.....\n+0000f6f0: 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f .GRUB_OS_PROBER_\n+0000f700: 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 SKIP_LIST.... \n+0000f710: 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d List of space-\n+0000f720: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 separated FS UUI\n+0000f730: 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Ds of filesystem\n+0000f740: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 s to be ignored \n+0000f750: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f from. os-pro\n+0000f760: 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 ber output. For\n+0000f770: 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 efi chainloader\n+0000f780: 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 s it's @.....GRU\n+0000f7a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e B_DISABLE_SUBMEN\n+0000f7b0: 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c U.... Normal\n+0000f7c0: 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ly, ...grub-mkco\n+0000f7d0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e nfig... will gen\n+0000f7e0: 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 erate top level \n+0000f7f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 menu entry for. \n+0000f800: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 the kernel w\n+0000f810: 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 ith highest vers\n+0000f820: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 ion number and p\n+0000f830: 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 ut all other fou\n+0000f840: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 nd. kernels \n+0000f850: 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d or alternative m\n+0000f860: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000f870: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e recovery mode in\n+0000f880: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 submenu.. F\n+0000f890: 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 or entries retur\n+0000f8a0: 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f ned by ...os-pro\n+0000f8b0: 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 ber... first ent\n+0000f8c0: 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f ry will be put o\n+0000f8d0: 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c n top. level\n+0000f8e0: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 and all others \n+0000f8f0: 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 in submenu. If \n+0000f900: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n+0000f910: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n+0000f920: 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 ,. flat menu\n+0000f930: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 with all entrie\n+0000f940: 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 s on top level w\n+0000f950: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n+0000f960: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 instead.. C\n+0000f970: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 hanging this opt\n+0000f980: 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 ion will require\n+0000f990: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 changing existi\n+0000f9a0: 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 ng values of. \n+0000f9b0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000f9c0: 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 T..., ...fallbac\n+0000f9d0: 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c k... (*note fall\n+0000f9e0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 back::) and ...d\n+0000f9f0: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 efault... 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No\n+0000fb60: 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 te that in this \n+0000fb70: 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 case unattended \n+0000fb80: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 boot is not. \n+0000fb90: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 possible becaus\n+0000fba0: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 e GRUB will wait\n+0000fbb0: 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 for passphrase \n+0000fbc0: 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 to unlock encryp\n+0000fbd0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ted. contain\n+0000fbe0: 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 er......GRUB_INI\n+0000fbf0: 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 T_TUNE.... P\n+0000fc00: 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 lay a tune on th\n+0000fc10: 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 e speaker when G\n+0000fc20: 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 RUB starts. 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Each\n+0000fdb0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 module will be \n+0000fdc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 loaded as early \n+0000fdd0: 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 as possible, at \n+0000fde0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f the. start o\n+0000fdf0: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 f ...grub.cfg...\n+0000fe00: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 ......GRUB_RECOR\n+0000fe10: 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 DFAIL_TIMEOUT...\n+0000fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000fe30: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n+0000fe40: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n+0000fe50: 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c fault recordfail\n+0000fe60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 setting.. 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The f\n-00011220: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2073 ollowing table s\n-00011230: 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 6520 6265 ummarizes the be\n-00011240: 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 havior of the ..\n-00011250: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00011260: 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 ..command...Init\n-00011270: 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 rd GRUB_DISA\n-00011280: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n-00011290: 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c ID GRUB_DISABL\n-000112a0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2020 204c E_LINUX_UUID L\n-000112b0: 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 6374 inux Root.detect\n-000112c0: 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 ed Set To \n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+00010af0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e target operatin\n+00010b00: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 g system uses th\n+00010b10: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e Linux kernel, \n+00010b20: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00010b30: e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 ....attempts to \n+00010b40: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n+00010b50: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 t file system vi\n+00010b60: 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 6320 616c a a heuristic al\n+00010b70: 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 7320 616c goirthm..This al\n+00010b80: 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 6374 7320 gorithm selects \n+00010b90: 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 the identificati\n+00010ba0: 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 on method of the\n+00010bb0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+00010bc0: 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7269 6e67 m.by considering\n+00010bd0: 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f 7273 2e20 three factors. \n+00010be0: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 7320 6966 The first is if\n+00010bf0: 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2066 6f72 2074 an initrd for t\n+00010c00: 6865 2074 6172 6765 740a 6f70 6572 6174 he target.operat\n+00010c10: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 616c ing system is al\n+00010c20: 736f 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 so present. The\n+00010c30: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 second is....GR\n+00010c40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+00010c50: 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6620 _UUID... and if \n+00010c60: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n+00010c70: 992c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 e280 9867 ., prevents ...g\n+00010c80: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n+00010c90: 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 from identifying\n+00010ca0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+00010cb0: 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 ystem by its UUI\n+00010cc0: 442e 2054 6865 2074 6869 7264 2069 730a D. The third is.\n+00010cd0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+00010ce0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n+00010cf0: 9920 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 . and if set to \n+00010d00: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7072 6576 ...true..., prev\n+00010d10: 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ents....grub-mkc\n+00010d20: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 6964 onfig... from id\n+00010d30: 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f entifying the ro\n+00010d40: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 ot file system v\n+00010d50: 6961 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 6f66 0a69 ia the UUID of.i\n+00010d60: 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2070 6172 ts enclosing par\n+00010d70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 tition. If the \n+00010d80: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6173 variables are as\n+00010d90: 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 signed any other\n+00010da0: 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 6174 2076 616c value,.that val\n+00010db0: 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 ue is considered\n+00010dc0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 equivalent to .\n+00010dd0: 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ..false.... The\n+00010de0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2061 variables are a\n+00010df0: 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 lso.considered t\n+00010e00: 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 o be set to ...f\n+00010e10: 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 2074 6865 7920 alse... if they \n+00010e20: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 are not set... \n+00010e30: 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2074 When booting, t\n+00010e40: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+00010e50: 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 6174 6520 7468 will delegate th\n+00010e60: 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 6d6f 756e 7469 e task of mounti\n+00010e70: 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ng the.root file\n+00010e80: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696e system to the in\n+00010e90: 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 696e 6974 itrd. Most init\n+00010ea0: 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6465 7465 726d rd images determ\n+00010eb0: 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a66 696c ine the root.fil\n+00010ec0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6368 6563 e system by chec\n+00010ed0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b king the Linux k\n+00010ee0: 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ernel's command-\n+00010ef0: 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 20e2 8098 line for the ...\n+00010f00: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 7920 616e 6420 root....key and \n+00010f10: 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 6173 use its value as\n+00010f20: 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 the identificat\n+00010f30: 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 ion method of th\n+00010f40: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 e root file.syst\n+00010f50: 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 em. To improve \n+00010f60: 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c 6974 7920 the reliability \n+00010f70: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 of booting, most\n+00010f80: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2061 initrd images a\n+00010f90: 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 726f lso.allow the ro\n+00010fa0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ot file system t\n+00010fb0: 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 o be identified \n+00010fc0: 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2042 6563 by its UUID. Bec\n+00010fd0: 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a62 6568 ause of this.beh\n+00010fe0: 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 avior, the ...gr\n+00010ff0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n+00011000: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 ommand will set \n+00011010: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 ...root... to ..\n+00011020: 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 .root=UUID=.....\n+00011030: 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2074 6865 ..to provide the\n+00011040: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 initrd with the\n+00011050: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 filesystem UUID\n+00011060: 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c of the root fil\n+00011070: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 e system... If\n+00011080: 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 6465 no initrd is de\n+00011090: 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 9847 5255 tected or ...GRU\n+000110a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+000110b0: 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 UUID... is set t\n+000110c0: 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 6865 o....true... the\n+000110d0: 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e n ...grub-comman\n+000110e0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 656e 7469 d... will identi\n+000110f0: 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 fy the root file\n+00011100: 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e system by settin\n+00011110: 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d g.the kernel com\n+00011120: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 7269 6162 mand-line variab\n+00011130: 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f le ...root... to\n+00011140: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n+00011150: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c 6573 730a D=...... unless.\n+00011160: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+00011170: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n+00011180: 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 746f . is also set to\n+00011190: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...true.... If\n+000111a0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n+000111b0: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n+000111c0: 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 .. is also set t\n+000111d0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 o ...true..., ..\n+000111e0: 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 .grub-command...\n+000111f0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 6679 2062 will.identify b\n+00011200: 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 y its Linux devi\n+00011210: 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ce name... The\n+00011220: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n+00011230: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 7468 6520 summarizes the \n+00011240: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 behavior of the \n+00011250: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00011260: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 496e ....command...In\n+00011270: 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 itrd GRUB_DI\n+00011280: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n+00011290: 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 UUID GRUB_DISA\n+000112a0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2020 BLE_LINUX_UUID \n+000112b0: 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 Linux Root.dete\n+000112c0: 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 cted Set To \n 000112d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000112e0: 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4420 ID \n-00011300: 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Method.---------\n+000112e0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 Set To \n+000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00011300: 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d D Method.-------\n 00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00011340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 -------.false \n-00011360: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 6661 6c73 6520 ---------.false \n+00011360: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n 00011370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011380: 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7420 part \n-000113a0: 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 UUID.false \n-000113b0: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false 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\n-000114e0: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n-00011500: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue \n-00011510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 part UUI\n-00011520: 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 D.true tru\n-00011530: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00011540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 false\n-00011550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011560: 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 fs UUID.tru\n-00011570: 6520 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 e true \n+000114b0: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000114c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+000114d0: 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 s UUID.true \n+000114e0: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011500: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 part U\n+00011520: 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 UID.true t\n+00011530: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00011540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n+00011550: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n+00011560: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 fs UUID.t\n+00011570: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 rue true \n 00011580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011590: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n 000115a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000115b0: 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 0a0a 2020 2052 656d dev name.. Rem\n-000115c0: 656d 6265 722c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ember, ...GRUB_D\n-000115d0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-000115e0: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 TUUID... and ...\n-000115f0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-00011600: 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 0a61 7265 2061 UX_UUID....are a\n-00011610: 6c73 6f20 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 lso considered t\n-00011620: 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 o be set to ...t\n-00011630: 7275 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6661 rue... and ...fa\n-00011640: 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 lse..., respecti\n-00011650: 7665 6c79 2c20 7768 656e 0a74 6865 7920 vely, when.they \n-00011660: 6172 6520 756e 7365 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 are unset.....Fi\n-00011670: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00011680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Node: Shell-like\n-00011690: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 scripting, Nex\n-000116a0: 743a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 6d61 t: Multi-boot ma\n-000116b0: 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5072 nual config, Pr\n-000116c0: 6576 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 ev: Root Identif\n-000116d0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 cation Heuristic\n-000116e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 s, Up: Configur\n-000116f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e33 2057 7269 7469 ation..6.3 Writi\n-00011700: 6e67 2066 756c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ng full configur\n-00011710: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 ation files dire\n-00011720: 6374 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ctly.===========\n+000115b0: 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 0a0a 2020 2052 dev name.. 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Posit\n-000121f0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ional variable n\n-00012200: 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 ames consist of \n-00012210: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 one or more digi\n-00012220: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 ts. They.repres\n-00012230: 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 ent parameters p\n-00012240: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f assed to functio\n-00012250: 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 e280 n calls, with ..\n-00012260: 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 .$1... represent\n-00012270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 ing.the first pa\n-00012280: 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 rameter, and so \n-00012290: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 on... The spec\n-000122a0: 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ial variable nam\n-000122b0: 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 e ...?... expand\n-000122c0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s to the exit st\n-000122d0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 atus of the most\n-000122e0: 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 .recently execut\n-000122f0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 ed command. Whe\n-00012300: 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 n positional var\n-00012310: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 iable names are \n-00012320: 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 active,.other sp\n-00012330: 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ecial variable n\n-00012340: 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 ames ...@..., ..\n-00012350: 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 .*... and ...#..\n-00012360: 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e . are defined an\n-00012370: 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f d they.expand to\n-00012380: 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 all positional \n-00012390: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 parameters with \n-000123a0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e necessary quotin\n-000123b0: 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 g, positional.pa\n-000123c0: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 rameters without\n-000123d0: 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e any quoting, an\n-000123e0: 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 d positional par\n-000123f0: 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 ameter count.res\n-00012400: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d pectively...Comm\n-00012410: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 ents.========..A\n-00012420: 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 word beginning \n-00012430: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 with ...#... cau\n-00012440: 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e ses that word an\n-00012450: 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 d all remaining \n-00012460: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 characters.on th\n-00012470: 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 at line to be ig\n-00012480: 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 nored...Simple c\n-00012490: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 =======..A ...si\n-000124b0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 mple command... \n-000124c0: 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 is a sequence of\n-000124d0: 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 words separated\n-000124e0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 by spaces or ta\n-000124f0: 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 bs.and terminate\n-00012500: 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e d by a semicolon\n-00012510: 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 or a newline. \n-00012520: 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 The first word s\n-00012530: 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d pecifies.the com\n-00012540: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 mand to be execu\n-00012550: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e ted. The remain\n-00012560: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 ing words are pa\n-00012570: 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ssed as argument\n-00012580: 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 s.to the invoked\n-00012590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 command... Th\n-000125a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f e return value o\n-000125b0: 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a simple comma\n-000125c0: 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 nd is its exit s\n-000125d0: 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 tatus. If the.r\n-000125e0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 eserved word ...\n-000125f0: 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 !... precedes th\n-00012600: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 e command, then \n-00012610: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 the return value\n-00012620: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 is instead.the \n-00012630: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e logical negation\n-00012640: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 of the command'\n-00012650: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a s exit status...\n-00012660: 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Compound command\n-00012670: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 ===..A ...compou\n-00012690: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 nd command... is\n-000126a0: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c one of the foll\n-000126b0: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 owing:..for NAME\n-000126c0: 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f in WORD ...; do\n-000126d0: 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n-000126e0: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 The list of wor\n-000126f0: 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 ds following ...\n-00012700: 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 in... is expande\n-00012710: 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 d, generating a \n-00012720: 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 list of. ite\n-00012730: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c ms. The variabl\n-00012740: 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f e NAME is set to\n-00012750: 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 each element of\n-00012760: 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 this list in. \n-00012770: 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 turn, and LIS\n-00012780: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 T is executed ea\n-00012790: 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 ch time. The re\n-000127a0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 turn value is th\n-000127b0: 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 e exit. stat\n-000127c0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 us of the last c\n-000127d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 ommand that exec\n-000127e0: 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 utes. If the ex\n-000127f0: 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 pansion of the. \n-00012800: 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 items follow\n-00012810: 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 ing ...in... res\n-00012820: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 ults in an empty\n-00012830: 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e list, no comman\n-00012840: 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 ds are. exec\n-00012850: 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 uted, and the re\n-00012860: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 turn status is 0\n-00012870: 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e ...if LIST; then\n-00012880: 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 LIST; [elif LIS\n-00012890: 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e T; then LIST;] .\n-000128a0: 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 .. [else LIST;] \n-000128b0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 fi. The ...i\n-000128c0: 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 f... LIST is exe\n-000128d0: 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 cuted, where LIS\n-000128e0: 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 T is a series of\n-000128f0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ...simple. \n-00012900: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n-00012910: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n-00012920: 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 If its exit sta\n-00012930: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a tus of the last.\n-00012940: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 command is \n-00012950: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 zero, the ...the\n-00012960: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n-00012970: 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 cuted. Otherwis\n-00012980: 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e, each. ...\n-00012990: 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 elif... LIST is \n-000129a0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e executed in turn\n-000129b0: 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 , and if its las\n-000129c0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 t command's exit\n-000129d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 . status is \n-000129e0: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 zero, the corres\n-000129f0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 ponding ...then.\n-00012a00: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-00012a10: 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ted and the. \n-00012a20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 command complet\n-00012a30: 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 es. Otherwise, \n-00012a40: 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c the ...else... L\n-00012a50: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n-00012a60: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 if. present\n-00012a70: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n-00012a80: 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 us is the exit s\n-00012a90: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n-00012aa0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n-00012ab0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f xecuted, or zero\n-00012ac0: 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e if no condition\n-00012ad0: 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 tested true...w\n-00012ae0: 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 hile COND; do LI\n-00012af0: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 ST; done.until C\n-00012b00: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n-00012b10: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 ne. The ...w\n-00012b20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 hile... command \n-00012b30: 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 continuously exe\n-00012b40: 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 cutes the ...do.\n-00012b50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 .. LIST as long \n-00012b60: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 as. the last\n-00012b70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 command in COND\n-00012b80: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 returns an exit\n-00012b90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c status of zero,\n-00012ba0: 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 where COND. \n-00012bb0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 is a list of ..\n-00012bc0: 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 .simple command.\n-00012bd0: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n-00012be0: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 a \";\". The ...\n-00012bf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f until.... co\n-00012c00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 mmand is identic\n-00012c10: 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 al to the ...whi\n-00012c20: 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 le... command, e\n-00012c30: 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 xcept that the t\n-00012c40: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 est. is nega\n-00012c50: 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 ted; the ...do..\n-00012c60: 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 . LIST is execut\n-00012c70: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 ed as long as th\n-00012c80: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 e last command. \n-00012c90: 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 in COND retu\n-00012ca0: 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 rns a non-zero e\n-00012cb0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 xit status. The\n-00012cc0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n-00012cd0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c the. ...whil\n-00012ce0: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 e... and ...unti\n-00012cf0: 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 l... commands is\n-00012d00: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n-00012d10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 of the last ...\n-00012d20: 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 do.... LIST \n-00012d30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n-00012d40: 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e , or zero if non\n-00012d50: 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a e was executed..\n-00012d60: 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b .function NAME {\n-00012d70: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n-00012d80: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n-00012d90: 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d s a function nam\n-00012da0: 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 ed NAME. The ..\n-00012db0: 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 .body... of the \n-00012dc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 function is. \n-00012dd0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d the list of com\n-00012de0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 mands within bra\n-00012df0: 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ces, each of whi\n-00012e00: 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ch must be. \n-00012e10: 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 terminated with \n-00012e20: 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 a semicolon or a\n-00012e30: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 newline. This \n-00012e40: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n-00012e50: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 . will be ex\n-00012e60: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 ecuted whenever \n-00012e70: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 NAME is specifie\n-00012e80: 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 d as the name of\n-00012e90: 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 a simple. c\n-00012ea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f ommand. Functio\n-00012eb0: 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f n definitions do\n-00012ec0: 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 not affect the \n-00012ed0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 exit status in. \n-00012ee0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 ...$?.... W\n-00012ef0: 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 hen executed, th\n-00012f00: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n-00012f10: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 a function is t\n-00012f20: 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 he exit. sta\n-00012f30: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 tus of the last \n-00012f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n-00012f50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d in the body...m\n-00012f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b enuentry TITLE [\n-00012f70: e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 ...--class=class\n-00012f80: e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 ... ...] [...--u\n-00012f90: 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b sers=users...] [\n-00012fa0: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n-00012fb0: 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b d...] [...--hotk\n-00012fc0: 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d ey=key...] [...-\n-00012fd0: 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d -id=id...] { COM\n-00012fe0: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n-00012ff0: 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 *Note menuentry\n-00013000: 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f ::...Built-in Co\n-00013010: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 ========..Some b\n-00013030: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in commands\n-00013040: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 are also provid\n-00013050: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 ed by GRUB scrip\n-00013060: 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 t to help script\n-00013070: 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d .writers perform\n-00013080: 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 actions that ar\n-00013090: 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 e otherwise not \n-000130a0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 possible. For e\n-000130b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e xample,.these in\n-000130c0: 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 clude commands t\n-000130d0: 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 o jump out of a \n-000130e0: 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c loop without ful\n-000130f0: 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 ly completing.it\n-00013100: 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 , etc...break [.\n-00013110: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 ..n...]. Exi\n-00013120: 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 t from within a \n-00013130: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n-00013140: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e ile..., or ...un\n-00013150: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n-00013160: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n-00013170: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 specified, brea\n-00013180: 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 k ...n... levels\n-00013190: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n-000131a0: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n-000131b0: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 or equal to. \n-000131c0: 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 1. If ...n... \n-000131d0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-000131e0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n-000131f0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 closing loops, a\n-00013200: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e ll. enclosin\n-00013210: 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 g loops are exit\n-00013220: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ed. The return \n-00013230: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 value is 0 unles\n-00013240: 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 s ...n... is. \n-00013250: 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 not greater th\n-00013260: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 an or equal to 1\n-00013270: 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 ...continue [...\n-00013280: 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d n...]. Resum\n-00013290: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 e the next itera\n-000132a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c tion of the encl\n-000132b0: 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c osing ...for...,\n-000132c0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a ...while... or.\n-000132d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 ...until...\n-000132e0: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n-000132f0: 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c .. is specified,\n-00013300: 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 resume at the .\n-00013310: 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 ..n...th enclosi\n-00013320: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 ng. loop. .\n-00013330: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n-00013340: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-00013350: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 qual to 1. If .\n-00013360: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n-00013370: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 r. than the \n-00013380: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n-00013390: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c ing loops, the l\n-000133a0: 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f ast enclosing lo\n-000133b0: 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c op (the. ...\n-000133c0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f top-level... loo\n-000133d0: 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 p) is resumed. \n-000133e0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-000133f0: 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 is 0 unless ...\n-00013400: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 n... is. not\n-00013410: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-00013420: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 equal to 1...re\n-00013430: 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 turn [...n...]. \n-00013440: 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e Causes a fun\n-00013450: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 ction to exit wi\n-00013460: 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 th the return va\n-00013470: 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 lue specified by\n-00013480: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 ...n..... I\n-00013490: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 f ...n... is omi\n-000134a0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e tted, the return\n-000134b0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 status is that \n-000134c0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n-000134d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n-000134e0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f d in the functio\n-000134f0: 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 n body. If used\n-00013500: 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 outside a funct\n-00013510: 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 ion the. ret\n-00013520: 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 urn status is fa\n-00013530: 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 lse...setparams \n-00013540: 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a [...arg...] ....\n-00013550: 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 Replace pos\n-00013560: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n-00013570: 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 rs starting with\n-00013580: 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 ...$1... with a\n-00013590: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 rguments to. \n-000135a0: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 ...setparams...\n-000135b0: 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 ...shift [...n..\n-000135c0: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 .]. The posi\n-000135d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-000135e0: 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 s from ...n...+1\n-000135f0: 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 ... are renamed\n-00013600: 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e to ...$1.......\n-00013610: 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 . Parameters\n-00013620: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 represented by \n-00013630: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 the numbers ...$\n-00013640: 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 #... down to ...\n-00013650: 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 $#...-...n...+1 \n-00013660: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 are. unset. \n-00013670: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n-00013680: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 a non-negative \n-00013690: 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e number less than\n-000136a0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 or equal to. \n-000136b0: 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...$#.... If \n-000136c0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f ...n... is 0, no\n-000136d0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n-000136e0: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 changed. If ...\n-000136f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 n... is not. \n-00013700: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 given, it is as\n-00013710: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 sumed to be 1. \n-00013720: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n-00013730: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 eater than ...$#\n-00013740: e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f ..., the. po\n-00013750: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n-00013760: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e ers are not chan\n-00013770: 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ged. The return\n-00013780: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 status is. \n-00013790: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 greater than zer\n-000137a0: 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 o if ...n... is \n-000137b0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n-000137c0: 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 $#... or less th\n-000137d0: 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 an zero;. ot\n-000137e0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 herwise 0.....Fi\n-000137f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00013800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Node: Shell-like\n-00013810: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e scripting-Footn\n-00013820: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c otes, Up: Shell\n-00013830: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a -like scripting.\n-00013840: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c . (1) Currentl\n-00013850: 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 y a backslash-ne\n-00013860: 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 wline pair withi\n-00013870: 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d n a variable nam\n-00013880: 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 e is not.handled\n-00013890: 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 properly, so us\n-000138a0: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 e this feature w\n-000138b0: 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a ith some care...\n-000138c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000138d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d o, Node: Multi-\n-000138e0: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-000138f0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 ig, Next: Embed\n-00013900: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00013910: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d n, Prev: Shell-\n-00013920: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 like scripting, \n-00013930: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n-00013940: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f on..6.4 Multi-bo\n-00013950: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-00013960: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 =============..C\n-00013980: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e urrently autogen\n-00013990: 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 erating config f\n-000139a0: 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 iles for multi-b\n-000139b0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 oot environments\n-000139c0: 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 .depends on os-p\n-000139d0: 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 rober and has se\n-000139e0: 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e veral shortcomin\n-000139f0: 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 gs. Due to that\n-00013a00: 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 it is.disabled \n-00013a10: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 by default. It \n-00013a20: 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 is advised to us\n-00013a30: 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 e the power of G\n-00013a40: 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 RUB syntax and.d\n-00013a50: 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 o it yourself. \n-00013a60: 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 A possible confi\n-00013a70: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 guration is deta\n-00013a80: 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 iled here, feel \n-00013a90: 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 free to.adjust t\n-00013aa0: 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 o your needs... \n-00013ab0: 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 First create a\n-00013ac0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 separate GRUB p\n-00013ad0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e artition, big en\n-00013ae0: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 ough to hold GRU\n-00013af0: 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 B. Some.of the f\n-00013b00: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ollowing entries\n-00013b10: 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 show how to loa\n-00013b20: 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 d OS installer i\n-00013b30: 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a mages from this.\n-00013b40: 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 same partition, \n-00013b50: 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 for that you obv\n-00013b60: 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d iously need to m\n-00013b70: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ake the partitio\n-00013b80: 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 n large.enough t\n-00013b90: 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 o hold those ima\n-00013ba0: 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f ges as well. Mo\n-00013bb0: 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 unt this partiti\n-00013bc0: 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 on on/mnt/boot.a\n-00013bd0: 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 nd disable GRUB \n-00013be0: 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 in all OSes and \n-00013bf0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c manually install\n-00013c00: 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c self-compiled l\n-00013c10: 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a atest.GRUB with:\n-00013c20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 .. ...grub-ins\n-00013c30: 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 tall --boot-dire\n-00013c40: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 ctory=/mnt/boot \n-00013c50: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 /dev/sda..... \n-00013c60: 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 In all the OSes \n-00013c70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f install GRUB too\n-00013c80: 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 ls but disable i\n-00013c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 nstalling GRUB i\n-00013ca0: 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f n.bootsector, so\n-00013cb0: 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e you'll have men\n-00013cc0: 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 u.lst and grub.c\n-00013cd0: 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 fg available for\n-00013ce0: 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 use..Also disab\n-00013cf0: 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 le os-prober use\n-00013d00: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 by setting:.. \n-00013d10: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n-00013d20: 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 _OS_PROBER=true.\n-00013d30: 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 .... in /etc/d\n-00013d40: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 efault/grub.. \n-00013d50: 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 Then write a gru\n-00013d60: 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 b.cfg (/mnt/boot\n-00013d70: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a /grub/grub.cfg):\n-00013d80: 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 ... menuentr\n-00013d90: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n-00013da0: 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 2\" {. ins\n-00013db0: 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00013dd0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d t --label OS1 --\n-00013de0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a hint hd0,msdos8.\n-00013df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n-00013e00: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 le /boot/grub/gr\n-00013e10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ub.cfg. }.. \n-00013e20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n-00013e30: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 S using grub2-le\n-00013e40: 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 insmod ext2. \n-00013e60: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013e70: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n-00013e80: 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 2 --hint hd0,msd\n-00013e90: 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 os6. lega\n-00013ea0: 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 cy_configfile /b\n-00013eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 oot/grub/menu.ls\n-00013ec0: 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d t. }.. m\n-00013ed0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n-00013ee0: 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f00: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013f10: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 =root --label WI\n-00013f20: 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 NDOWS_XP --hint \n-00013f30: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a ntldr /ntldr.\n-00013f50: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-00013f60: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 uentry \"Windows \n-00013f70: 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7\" {. ins\n-00013f80: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n-00013fa0: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f ot --label WINDO\n-00013fb0: 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c WS_7 --hint hd0,\n-00013fc0: 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos2. n\n-00013fd0: 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 tldr /bootmgr. \n-00013fe0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00013ff0: 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b ntry \"FreeBSD\" {\n-00014000: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014010: 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 insmod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n-00014030: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00014040: 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 bel freepool --h\n-00014050: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 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Not\n-000145f0: 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d es:. ... Argum\n-00014600: 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 ent to search af\n-00014610: 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 ter -label is FS\n-00014620: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 LABEL. You can \n-00014630: 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 also use UUIDs. \n-00014640: 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 with -fs-uui\n-00014650: 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f d UUID instead o\n-00014660: 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 f -label LABEL. \n-00014670: 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 You could also u\n-00014680: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 se. direct .\n-00014690: 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 ..root=hd0,msdos\n-000146a0: 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 X... but this is\n-000146b0: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n-000146c0: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 due to device. \n-000146d0: 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 name instabi\n-000146e0: 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lity.....File: g\n-000146f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00014700: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n-00014710: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n-00014720: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-00014730: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 l config, Up: C\n-00014740: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-00014750: 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 5 Embedding a co\n-00014760: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00014770: 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d into GRUB.=====\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 ====.....grub.cf\n+00011760: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 g... is written \n+00011770: 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d in GRUB's built-\n+00011780: 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e in scripting lan\n+00011790: 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 guage, which has\n+000117a0: 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 a.syntax quite \n+000117b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 similar to that \n+000117c0: 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 of GNU Bash and \n+000117d0: 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 other Bourne she\n+000117e0: 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a ll.derivatives..\n+000117f0: 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 .Words.=====..A \n+00011800: e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 ...word... is a \n+00011810: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 sequence of char\n+00011820: 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 acters considere\n+00011830: 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e d as a single un\n+00011840: 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 it by.GRUB. Wor\n+00011850: 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 ds are separated\n+00011860: 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 by ...metachara\n+00011870: 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 cters..., which \n+00011880: 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e are the followin\n+00011890: 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 g.plus space, ta\n+000118a0: 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a b, and newline:.\n+000118b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 . { } | & $ \n+000118c0: 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e ; < >.. Quotin\n+000118d0: 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f g may be used to\n+000118e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 include metacha\n+000118f0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 racters in words\n+00011900: 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 ; see below...Re\n+00011910: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d served words.===\n+00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 ===========..Res\n+00011930: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 erved words have\n+00011940: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 a special meani\n+00011950: 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 ng to GRUB. 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[[ ]] {\n+00011a00: 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 }. case do \n+00011a10: 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 done elif else e\n+00011a20: 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 sac fi for funct\n+00011a30: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d ion. if in m\n+00011a40: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 enuentry select \n+00011a50: 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 then time until \n+00011a60: 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c while.. 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Enclosi\n+00011cd0: 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e ng characters in\n+00011ce0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 single quotes p\n+00011cf0: 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 reserves the lit\n+00011d00: 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 eral value of.ea\n+00011d10: 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 ch character wit\n+00011d20: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 hin the quotes. \n+00011d30: 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A single quote \n+00011d40: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 may not occur be\n+00011d50: 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f tween.single quo\n+00011d60: 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 tes, even when p\n+00011d70: 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 receded by a bac\n+00011d80: 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c kslash... Encl\n+00011d90: 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 osing characters\n+00011da0: 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f 7465 in double quote\n+00011db0: 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 6520 s preserves the \n+00011dc0: 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 literal value of\n+00011dd0: 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 .all characters \n+00011de0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f 7465 within the quote\n+00011df0: 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 6365 s, with the exce\n+00011e00: 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 ption of ...$...\n+00011e10: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a 5468 and ...\\.....Th\n+00011e20: 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 6163 e ...$... charac\n+00011e30: 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 ter retains its \n+00011e40: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 special meaning \n+00011e50: 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 within double qu\n+00011e60: 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 otes. The.backs\n+00011e70: 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 lash retains its\n+00011e80: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00011e90: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f only when follo\n+00011ea0: 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 wed by one of th\n+00011eb0: 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 e.following char\n+00011ec0: 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c acters: ...$...,\n+00011ed0: 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 ...\"..., ...\\..\n+00011ee0: 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 ., or newline. \n+00011ef0: 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c A backslash-newl\n+00011f00: 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 ine.pair is trea\n+00011f10: 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f ted as a line co\n+00011f20: 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 ntinuation (that\n+00011f30: 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 is, it is remov\n+00011f40: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 ed from the.inpu\n+00011f50: 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 t stream and eff\n+00011f60: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 ectively ignored\n+00011f70: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c (1) (*note Shell\n+00011f80: 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d -like.scripting-\n+00011f90: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 Footnote-1::)). \n+00011fa0: 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A double quote \n+00011fb0: 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 may be quoted wi\n+00011fc0: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 thin double.quot\n+00011fd0: 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 es by preceding \n+00011fe0: 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c it with a backsl\n+00011ff0: 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 ash...Variable e\n+00012000: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d xpansion.=======\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00012020: 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 ...$... charact\n+00012030: 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 er introduces va\n+00012040: 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e riable expansion\n+00012050: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 . The variable \n+00012060: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e name to.be expan\n+00012070: 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f ded may be enclo\n+00012080: 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 sed in braces, w\n+00012090: 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 hich are optiona\n+000120a0: 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 l but serve to.p\n+000120b0: 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 rotect the varia\n+000120c0: 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 ble to be expand\n+000120d0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 ed from characte\n+000120e0: 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 rs immediately.f\n+000120f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 ollowing it whic\n+00012100: 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 h could be inter\n+00012110: 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f preted as part o\n+00012120: 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 f the name... \n+00012130: 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 Normal variable \n+00012140: 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 names begin with\n+00012150: 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 an alphabetic c\n+00012160: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 haracter, follow\n+00012170: 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f ed by.zero or mo\n+00012180: 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 re alphanumeric \n+00012190: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 characters. The\n+000121a0: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 se names refer t\n+000121b0: 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 o entries in.the\n+000121c0: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n+000121d0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e t (*note Environ\n+000121e0: 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 ment::)... Pos\n+000121f0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 itional variable\n+00012200: 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f names consist o\n+00012210: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 f one or more di\n+00012220: 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 gits. They.repr\n+00012230: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 esent parameters\n+00012240: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 passed to funct\n+00012250: 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 ion calls, with \n+00012260: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 ...$1... represe\n+00012270: 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 nting.the first \n+00012280: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 parameter, and s\n+00012290: 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 o on... The sp\n+000122a0: 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ecial variable n\n+000122b0: 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 ame ...?... expa\n+000122c0: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds to the exit \n+000122d0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f status of the mo\n+000122e0: 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 st.recently exec\n+000122f0: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 uted command. W\n+00012300: 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 hen positional v\n+00012310: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 ariable names ar\n+00012320: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 e active,.other \n+00012330: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n+00012340: 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 names ...@..., \n+00012350: e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9823 ...*... and ...#\n+00012360: e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 6420 ... are defined \n+00012370: 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e 6420 and they.expand \n+00012380: 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 to all positiona\n+00012390: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l parameters wit\n+000123a0: 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 6f74 h necessary quot\n+000123b0: 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a ing, positional.\n+000123c0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 686f parameters witho\n+000123d0: 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 ut any quoting, \n+000123e0: 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 and positional p\n+000123f0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 arameter count.r\n+00012400: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 436f espectively...Co\n+00012410: 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a mments.========.\n+00012420: 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e .A word beginnin\n+00012430: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2063 g with ...#... c\n+00012440: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 auses that word \n+00012450: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e and all remainin\n+00012460: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 g characters.on \n+00012470: 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 that line to be \n+00012480: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 ignored...Simple\n+00012490: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n+000124b0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 simple command..\n+000124c0: 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 . is a sequence \n+000124d0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 of words separat\n+000124e0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 ed by spaces or \n+000124f0: 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 tabs.and termina\n+00012500: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ted by a semicol\n+00012510: 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e on or a newline.\n+00012520: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 The first word\n+00012530: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 specifies.the c\n+00012540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 ommand to be exe\n+00012550: 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 cuted. The rema\n+00012560: 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 ining words are \n+00012570: 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 passed as argume\n+00012580: 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b nts.to the invok\n+00012590: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 ed command... \n+000125a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+000125b0: 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a simple com\n+000125c0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 mand is its exit\n+000125d0: 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 status. If the\n+000125e0: 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 .reserved word .\n+000125f0: 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 ..!... precedes \n+00012600: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 the command, the\n+00012610: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c n the return val\n+00012620: 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 ue is instead.th\n+00012630: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 e logical negati\n+00012640: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e on of the comman\n+00012650: 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e d's exit status.\n+00012660: 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..Compound comma\n+00012670: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 =====..A ...comp\n+00012690: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 ound command... \n+000126a0: 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f is one of the fo\n+000126b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 llowing:..for NA\n+000126c0: 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 ME in WORD ...; \n+000126d0: 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 do LIST; done. \n+000126e0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 The list of w\n+000126f0: 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 ords following .\n+00012700: 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e ..in... is expan\n+00012710: 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 ded, generating \n+00012720: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 a list of. i\n+00012730: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 tems. The varia\n+00012740: 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 ble NAME is set \n+00012750: 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 to each element \n+00012760: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a of this list in.\n+00012770: 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c turn, and L\n+00012780: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n+00012790: 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 each time. The \n+000127a0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+000127b0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 the exit. st\n+000127c0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n+000127d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 command that ex\n+000127e0: 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ecutes. If the \n+000127f0: 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 expansion of the\n+00012800: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c . items foll\n+00012810: 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 owing ...in... r\n+00012820: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 esults in an emp\n+00012830: 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d ty list, no comm\n+00012840: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ands are. ex\n+00012850: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ecuted, and the \n+00012860: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+00012870: 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 0...if LIST; th\n+00012880: 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c en LIST; [elif L\n+00012890: 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d IST; then LIST;]\n+000128a0: 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b ... [else LIST;\n+000128b0: 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ] fi. The ..\n+000128c0: 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 .if... LIST is e\n+000128d0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c xecuted, where L\n+000128e0: 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 IST is a series \n+000128f0: 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 of ...simple. \n+00012900: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 command...s se\n+00012910: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n+00012920: 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 . If its exit s\n+00012930: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n+00012940: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 t. command i\n+00012950: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 s zero, the ...t\n+00012960: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n+00012970: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 xecuted. Otherw\n+00012980: 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 ise, each. .\n+00012990: 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ..elif... LIST i\n+000129a0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 s executed in tu\n+000129b0: 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c rn, and if its l\n+000129c0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 ast command's ex\n+000129d0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 it. status i\n+000129e0: 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 s zero, the corr\n+000129f0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 esponding ...the\n+00012a00: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n+00012a10: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cuted and the. \n+00012a20: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c command compl\n+00012a30: 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 etes. Otherwise\n+00012a40: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 , the ...else...\n+00012a50: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012a60: 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 d, if. prese\n+00012a70: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 nt. The exit st\n+00012a80: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 atus is the exit\n+00012a90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n+00012aa0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n+00012ab0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 executed, or ze\n+00012ac0: 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 ro if no conditi\n+00012ad0: 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a on tested true..\n+00012ae0: 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .while COND; do \n+00012af0: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c LIST; done.until\n+00012b00: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n+00012b10: 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 done. The ..\n+00012b20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n+00012b30: 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 d continuously e\n+00012b40: 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 xecutes the ...d\n+00012b50: 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e o... LIST as lon\n+00012b60: 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 g as. the la\n+00012b70: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f st command in CO\n+00012b80: 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 ND returns an ex\n+00012b90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 it status of zer\n+00012ba0: 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 o, where COND. \n+00012bb0: 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 is a list of \n+00012bc0: e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ...simple comman\n+00012bd0: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n+00012be0: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 by a \";\". The .\n+00012bf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ..until.... \n+00012c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 command is ident\n+00012c10: 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 ical to the ...w\n+00012c20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c hile... command,\n+00012c30: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 except that the\n+00012c40: 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 test. is ne\n+00012c50: 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f gated; the ...do\n+00012c60: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n+00012c70: 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 uted as long as \n+00012c80: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+00012c90: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 . in COND re\n+00012ca0: 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f turns a non-zero\n+00012cb0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 exit status. T\n+00012cc0: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n+00012cd0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 f the. ...wh\n+00012ce0: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e ile... and ...un\n+00012cf0: 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 til... commands \n+00012d00: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 is the exit stat\n+00012d10: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 us of the last .\n+00012d20: 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 ..do.... LIS\n+00012d30: 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 T command execut\n+00012d40: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n+00012d50: 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 one was executed\n+00012d60: 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 ...function NAME\n+00012d70: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n+00012d80: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. This defi\n+00012d90: 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e nes a function n\n+00012da0: 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 amed NAME. The \n+00012db0: e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 ...body... of th\n+00012dc0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 e function is. \n+00012dd0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 the list of c\n+00012de0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 ommands within b\n+00012df0: 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 races, each of w\n+00012e00: 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hich must be. \n+00012e10: 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 terminated wit\n+00012e20: 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 h a semicolon or\n+00012e30: 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 a newline. Thi\n+00012e40: 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e s list of comman\n+00012e50: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ds. will be \n+00012e60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 executed wheneve\n+00012e70: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 r NAME is specif\n+00012e80: 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 ied as the name \n+00012e90: 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 of a simple. \n+00012ea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 command. Funct\n+00012eb0: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 ion definitions \n+00012ec0: 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 do not affect th\n+00012ed0: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e e exit status in\n+00012ee0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 . ...$?.... \n+00012ef0: 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 When executed, \n+00012f00: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n+00012f10: 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 of a function is\n+00012f20: 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 the exit. s\n+00012f30: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n+00012f40: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 t command execut\n+00012f50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a ed in the body..\n+00012f60: 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 .menuentry TITLE\n+00012f70: 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 [...--class=cla\n+00012f80: 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d ss... ...] [...-\n+00012f90: 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d -users=users...]\n+00012fa0: 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 [...--unrestric\n+00012fb0: 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f ted...] [...--ho\n+00012fc0: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 tkey=key...] [..\n+00012fd0: 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 .--id=id...] { C\n+00012fe0: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 OMMAND; ... }. \n+00012ff0: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 *Note menuent\n+00013000: 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ry::...Built-in \n+00013010: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Commands.=======\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 ==========..Some\n+00013030: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e built-in comman\n+00013040: 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 ds are also prov\n+00013050: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 ided by GRUB scr\n+00013060: 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 ipt to help scri\n+00013070: 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f pt.writers perfo\n+00013080: 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 rm actions that \n+00013090: 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f are otherwise no\n+000130a0: 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 t possible. For\n+000130b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 example,.these \n+000130c0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 include commands\n+000130d0: 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 to jump out of \n+000130e0: 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 a loop without f\n+000130f0: 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a ully completing.\n+00013100: 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 it, etc...break \n+00013110: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 [...n...]. E\n+00013120: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 xit from within \n+00013130: 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 a ...for..., ...\n+00013140: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 while..., or ...\n+00013150: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n+00013160: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 If ...n... is. \n+00013170: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 specified, br\n+00013180: 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 eak ...n... leve\n+00013190: 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 ls. ...n... mus\n+000131a0: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n+000131b0: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 n or equal to. \n+000131c0: 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 1. If ...n..\n+000131d0: 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 . is greater tha\n+000131e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n+000131f0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n+00013200: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 all. enclos\n+00013210: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 ing loops are ex\n+00013220: 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 ited. The retur\n+00013230: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c n value is 0 unl\n+00013240: 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 ess ...n... is. \n+00013250: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 not greater \n+00013260: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n+00013270: 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 1...continue [.\n+00013280: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 ..n...]. Res\n+00013290: 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 ume the next ite\n+000132a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e ration of the en\n+000132b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 closing ...for..\n+000132c0: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f ., ...while... o\n+000132d0: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 r. ...until.\n+000132e0: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n+000132f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 n... is specifie\n+00013300: 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 d, resume at the\n+00013310: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f ...n...th enclo\n+00013320: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 sing. loop. \n+00013330: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n+00013340: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n+00013350: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 equal to 1. If\n+00013360: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n+00013370: 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ter. than th\n+00013380: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c e number of encl\n+00013390: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 osing loops, the\n+000133a0: 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 last enclosing \n+000133b0: 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 loop (the. .\n+000133c0: 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c ..top-level... l\n+000133d0: 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e oop) is resumed.\n+000133e0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n+000133f0: 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 ue is 0 unless .\n+00013400: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e ..n... is. n\n+00013410: 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ot greater than \n+00013420: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a or equal to 1...\n+00013430: 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d return [...n...]\n+00013440: 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 . Causes a f\n+00013450: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 unction to exit \n+00013460: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 with the return \n+00013470: 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 value specified \n+00013480: 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 by ...n..... \n+00013490: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f If ...n... is o\n+000134a0: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 mitted, the retu\n+000134b0: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 rn status is tha\n+000134c0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f t of the last co\n+000134d0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n+000134e0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 ted in the funct\n+000134f0: 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 ion body. If us\n+00013500: 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e ed outside a fun\n+00013510: 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 ction the. r\n+00013520: 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 eturn status is \n+00013530: 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d false...setparam\n+00013540: 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e s [...arg...] ..\n+00013550: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 .. Replace p\n+00013560: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n+00013570: 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 ters starting wi\n+00013580: 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 th ...$1... with\n+00013590: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 arguments to. \n+000135a0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 ...setparams.\n+000135b0: 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e .....shift [...n\n+000135c0: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f ...]. The po\n+000135d0: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n+000135e0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ers from ...n...\n+000135f0: 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d +1 ... are renam\n+00013600: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e ed to ...$1.....\n+00013610: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 ... Paramete\n+00013620: 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 rs represented b\n+00013630: 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 y the numbers ..\n+00013640: 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 .$#... down to .\n+00013650: 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b ..$#...-...n...+\n+00013660: 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 1 are. unset\n+00013670: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n+00013680: 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 be a non-negativ\n+00013690: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 e number less th\n+000136a0: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 an or equal to. \n+000136b0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 ...$#.... I\n+000136c0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 f ...n... is 0, \n+000136d0: 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 no parameters ar\n+000136e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 e changed. If .\n+000136f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ..n... is not. \n+00013700: 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 given, it is \n+00013710: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e assumed to be 1.\n+00013720: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013730: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n+00013740: 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 $#..., the. \n+00013750: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n+00013760: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 eters are not ch\n+00013770: 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 anged. The retu\n+00013780: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 rn status is. \n+00013790: 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a greater than z\n+000137a0: 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 ero if ...n... i\n+000137b0: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n+000137c0: 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 ..$#... or less \n+000137d0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 than zero;. \n+000137e0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a otherwise 0.....\n+000137f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00013800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Node: Shell-li\n+00013810: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f ke scripting-Foo\n+00013820: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 tnotes, Up: She\n+00013830: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+00013840: 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e g.. (1) Curren\n+00013850: 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d tly a backslash-\n+00013860: 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 newline pair wit\n+00013870: 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e hin a variable n\n+00013880: 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c ame is not.handl\n+00013890: 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 ed properly, so \n+000138a0: 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 use this feature\n+000138b0: 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e with some care.\n+000138c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000138d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 nfo, Node: Mult\n+000138e0: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+000138f0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 nfig, Next: Emb\n+00013900: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00013910: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c ion, Prev: Shel\n+00013920: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00013930: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n+00013940: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d tion..6.4 Multi-\n+00013950: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n+00013960: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n+00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00013980: 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 .Currently autog\n+00013990: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 enerating config\n+000139a0: 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 files for multi\n+000139b0: 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e -boot environmen\n+000139c0: 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 ts.depends on os\n+000139d0: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 -prober and has \n+000139e0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d several shortcom\n+000139f0: 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 ings. Due to th\n+00013a00: 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 at it is.disable\n+00013a10: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 d by default. I\n+00013a20: 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 t is advised to \n+00013a30: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 use the power of\n+00013a40: 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 GRUB syntax and\n+00013a50: 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e .do it yourself.\n+00013a60: 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e A possible con\n+00013a70: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 figuration is de\n+00013a80: 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 tailed here, fee\n+00013a90: 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 l free to.adjust\n+00013aa0: 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a to your needs..\n+00013ab0: 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 . First create\n+00013ac0: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 a separate GRUB\n+00013ad0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 partition, big \n+00013ae0: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 enough to hold G\n+00013af0: 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 RUB. Some.of the\n+00013b00: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 following entri\n+00013b10: 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c es show how to l\n+00013b20: 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 oad OS installer\n+00013b30: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 images from thi\n+00013b40: 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s.same partition\n+00013b50: 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f , for that you o\n+00013b60: 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f bviously need to\n+00013b70: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 make the partit\n+00013b80: 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 ion large.enough\n+00013b90: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 to hold those i\n+00013ba0: 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 mages as well. \n+00013bb0: 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 Mount this parti\n+00013bc0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 tion on/mnt/boot\n+00013bd0: 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 .and disable GRU\n+00013be0: 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e B in all OSes an\n+00013bf0: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 d manually insta\n+00013c00: 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 ll self-compiled\n+00013c10: 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 latest.GRUB wit\n+00013c20: 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 h:.. ...grub-i\n+00013c30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n+00013c40: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f rectory=/mnt/boo\n+00013c50: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 t /dev/sda..... \n+00013c60: 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 In all the OSe\n+00013c70: 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 s install GRUB t\n+00013c80: 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ools but disable\n+00013c90: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n+00013ca0: 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 in.bootsector, \n+00013cb0: 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d so you'll have m\n+00013cc0: 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 enu.lst and grub\n+00013cd0: 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 .cfg available f\n+00013ce0: 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 or use..Also dis\n+00013cf0: 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 able os-prober u\n+00013d00: 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a se by setting:..\n+00013d10: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ...GRUB_DISAB\n+00013d20: 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 LE_OS_PROBER=tru\n+00013d30: 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 e..... in /etc\n+00013d40: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 /default/grub.. \n+00013d50: 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 Then write a g\n+00013d60: 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f rub.cfg (/mnt/bo\n+00013d70: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00013d80: 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ):... menuen\n+00013d90: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n+00013da0: 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 ub2\" {. i\n+00013db0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 nsmod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00013dd0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 oot --label OS1 \n+00013de0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n+00013df0: 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 8. config\n+00013e00: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n+00013e10: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a grub.cfg. }.\n+00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+00013e30: 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d \"OS using grub2-\n+00013e40: 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 legacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 insmod ext2. \n+00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013e70: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013e80: 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS2 --hint hd0,m\n+00013e90: 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 sdos6. le\n+00013ea0: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 gacy_configfile \n+00013eb0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e /boot/grub/menu.\n+00013ec0: 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 lst. }.. \n+00013ed0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n+00013ee0: 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 ows XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013f10: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013f20: 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_XP --hin\n+00013f30: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos1. \n+00013f40: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 ntldr /ntld\n+00013f50: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n+00013f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n+00013f70: 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 s 7\" {. i\n+00013f80: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n+00013fa0: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e root --label WIN\n+00013fb0: 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 DOWS_7 --hint hd\n+00013fc0: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a ntldr /bootmgr.\n+00013fe0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00013ff0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 uentry \"FreeBSD\"\n+00014000: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014010: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 insmod zfs. \n+00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+00014030: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00014040: 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d label freepool -\n+00014050: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 -hint hd0,msdos7\n+00014060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014070: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 kfreebsd /freebs\n+00014080: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b d@/boot/kernel/k\n+00014090: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n+000140b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n+000140c0: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f d@/boot/kernel/o\n+000140d0: 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 pensolaris.ko. \n+000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n+000140f0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n+00014100: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+00014110: 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 kernel/zfs.ko. \n+00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n+00014130: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 eebsd_module /fr\n+00014140: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f eebsd@/boot/zfs/\n+00014150: 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 zpool.cache type\n+00014160: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c =/boot/zfs/zpool\n+00014170: 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 set kFreeB\n+00014190: 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e SD.vfs.root.moun\n+000141a0: 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f tfrom=zfs:freepo\n+000141b0: 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 ol/freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n+000141d0: 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 reeBSD.hw.psm.sy\n+000141e0: 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d naptics_support=\n+000141f0: 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 1. }.. m\n+00014200: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 enuentry \"experi\n+00014210: 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 mental GRUB\" {. \n+00014220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00014230: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00014240: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n+00014250: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n+00014260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 mu\n+00014270: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d ltiboot /experim\n+00014280: 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d ental/grub/i386-\n+00014290: 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 pc/core.img. \n+000142a0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000142b0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e ry \"Fedora 16 in\n+000142c0: 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 staller\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n+000142e0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+000142f0: 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 bel GRUB --hint \n+00014300: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 linux \n+00014320: 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 /fedora/vmlinuz \n+00014330: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n+00014340: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n+00014350: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n+00014370: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n+00014380: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+00014390: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n+000143a0: 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c rawhide install\n+000143b0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+000143d0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n+000143e0: 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d RUB --hint hd0,m\n+000143f0: 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f linux /fedo\n+00014410: 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d ra/vmlinuz repo=\n+00014420: 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 ftp://mirror.swi\n+00014430: 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 tch.ch/mirror/fe\n+00014440: 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c dora/linux/devel\n+00014450: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 opment/rawhide/x\n+00014460: 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 86_64 lang=en_US\n+00014470: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n+00014480: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n+00014490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+000144a0: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n+000144b0: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n+000144c0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+000144d0: 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 Debian sid insta\n+000144e0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+00014500: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+00014510: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n+00014520: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 linux /de\n+00014540: 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d bian/dists/sid/m\n+00014550: 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d ain/installer-am\n+00014560: 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 d64/current/imag\n+00014570: 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 es/hd-media/vmli\n+00014580: 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 initrd /debia\n+000145a0: 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e n/dists/sid/main\n+000145b0: 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 /installer-amd64\n+000145c0: 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f /current/images/\n+000145d0: 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e hd-media/initrd.\n+000145e0: 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e gz. }... N\n+000145f0: 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 otes:. ... Arg\n+00014600: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 ument to search \n+00014610: 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 after -label is \n+00014620: 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 FS LABEL. You ca\n+00014630: 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 n also use UUIDs\n+00014640: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 . with -fs-u\n+00014650: 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 uid UUID instead\n+00014660: 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c of -label LABEL\n+00014670: 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f . You could also\n+00014680: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 use. direct\n+00014690: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 ...root=hd0,msd\n+000146a0: 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 osX... but this \n+000146b0: 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 is not recommend\n+000146c0: 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 ed due to device\n+000146d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 . name insta\n+000146e0: 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bility.....File:\n+000146f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00014700: 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 e: Embedded conf\n+00014710: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00014720: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n+00014730: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a ual config, Up:\n+00014740: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00014750: 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 6.5 Embedding a \n+00014760: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014770: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d le into GRUB.===\n 00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 =======..GRUB su\n-000147b0: 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 pports embedding\n-000147c0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-000147d0: 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 file directly i\n-000147e0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 nto the core.ima\n-000147f0: 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 ge, so that it i\n-00014800: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 s loaded before \n-00014810: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 entering normal \n-00014820: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 mode. This is.u\n-00014830: 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 seful, for examp\n-00014840: 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e le, when it is n\n-00014850: 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 ot straightforwa\n-00014860: 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 rd to find the r\n-00014870: 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f eal.configuratio\n-00014880: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 n file, or when \n-00014890: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 you need to debu\n-000148a0: 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 g problems with \n-000148b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c loading that.fil\n-000148c0: 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 e. ...grub-inst\n-000148d0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 all... uses this\n-000148e0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 feature when it\n-000148f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 is not using BI\n-00014900: 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e OS disk.function\n-00014910: 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c s or when instal\n-00014920: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ling to a differ\n-00014930: 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ent disk from th\n-00014940: 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 e one containing\n-00014950: 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 ..../boot/grub..\n-00014960: 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 ., in which case\n-00014970: 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 it needs to use\n-00014980: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 the ...search..\n-00014990: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-000149a0: 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 .search::) to fi\n-000149b0: 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 nd .../boot/grub\n-000149c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 ...... To embe\n-000149d0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n-000149e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 n file, use the \n-000149f0: e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-c... option \n-00014a00: 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 to ...grub-mkima\n-00014a10: 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 ge.....The file \n-00014a20: 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 is copied into t\n-00014a30: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 he core image, s\n-00014a40: 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 o it may reside \n-00014a50: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a anywhere on the.\n-00014a60: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 file system, and\n-00014a70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 may be removed \n-00014a80: 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 after running ..\n-00014a90: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n-00014aa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 ... After the \n-00014ab0: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00014ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 ration file (if \n-00014ad0: 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 any) is executed\n-00014ae0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 , GRUB will.load\n-00014af0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n-00014b00: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 . module (*note \n-00014b10: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 normal::), which\n-00014b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 will then read \n-00014b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 the real.configu\n-00014b40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d ration file from\n-00014b50: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 ...$prefix/grub\n-00014b60: 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 .cfg.... By thi\n-00014b70: 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 s point, the ...\n-00014b80: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root....variable\n-00014b90: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 will also have \n-00014ba0: 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 been set to the \n-00014bb0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 root device name\n-00014bc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-00014bd0: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 ...prefix... mig\n-00014be0: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ht be set to ...\n-00014bf0: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n-00014c00: 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f b..., and ...roo\n-00014c10: 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 t... might be se\n-00014c20: 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 t to....hd0,1...\n-00014c30: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 . Thus, in most\n-00014c40: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 cases, the embe\n-00014c50: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-00014c60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 on file only.nee\n-00014c70: 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 ds to set the ..\n-00014c80: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 .prefix... and .\n-00014c90: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..root... variab\n-00014ca0: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 les, and then dr\n-00014cb0: 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 op through to.GR\n-00014cc0: 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 UB's normal proc\n-00014cd0: 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 essing. A typic\n-00014ce0: 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 al example of th\n-00014cf0: 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 is might look li\n-00014d00: 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ke.this:.. s\n-00014d10: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 earch.fs_uuid 01\n-00014d20: 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 234567-89ab-cdef\n-00014d30: 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 -0123-456789abcd\n-00014d40: 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ef root. set\n-00014d50: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n-00014d60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 boot/grub.. (T\n-00014d70: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f he ...search_fs_\n-00014d80: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d uuid... module m\n-00014d90: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 ust be included \n-00014da0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 in the core imag\n-00014db0: 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 e for.this examp\n-00014dc0: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 le to work.).. \n-00014dd0: 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 In more complex\n-00014de0: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 cases, it may b\n-00014df0: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 e useful to read\n-00014e00: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 other configura\n-00014e10: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 tion.files direc\n-00014e20: 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 tly from the emb\n-00014e30: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-00014e40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ion file. This \n-00014e50: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e allows such.thin\n-00014e60: 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 gs as reading fi\n-00014e70: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 les not called .\n-00014e80: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f ..grub.cfg..., o\n-00014e90: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 r reading files \n-00014ea0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 from a.directory\n-00014eb0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 other than that\n-00014ec0: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f where GRUB's lo\n-00014ed0: 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 adable modules a\n-00014ee0: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f re installed..To\n-00014ef0: 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 do this, includ\n-00014f00: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 e the ...configf\n-00014f10: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f ile... and ...no\n-00014f20: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 rmal... modules \n-00014f30: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n-00014f40: 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 e, and embed a c\n-00014f50: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014f60: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e that uses the \n-00014f70: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00014f80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 command.to load\n-00014f90: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 another file. \n-00014fa0: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 The following ex\n-00014fb0: 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c ample of this al\n-00014fc0: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a so requires the.\n-00014fd0: e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 ...echo..., ...s\n-00014fe0: 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 earch_label..., \n-00014ff0: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d and ...test... m\n-00015000: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 odules to be inc\n-00015010: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n-00015020: 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 e.image:.. s\n-00015030: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 earch.fs_label g\n-00015040: 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 rub root. if\n-00015050: 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 [ -e /boot/grub\n-00015060: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 /example/test1.c\n-00015070: 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 fg ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n-00015090: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n-000150a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 . config\n-000150b0: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n-000150c0: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 example/test1.cf\n-000150d0: 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 g. else. \n-000150e0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f if [ -e /bo\n-000150f0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n-00015100: 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 test2.cfg ]; the\n-00015110: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 n. s\n-00015120: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n-00015130: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 )/boot/grub. \n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n-00015150: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 ile /boot/grub/e\n-00015160: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 xample/test2.cfg\n-00015170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 . else. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n-00015190: 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 \"Could not find\n-000151a0: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 an example conf\n-000151b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 iguration file!\"\n-000151c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 . fi. \n-000151d0: 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 fi.. The emb\n-000151e0: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-000151f0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 ion file may not\n-00015200: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e contain menu en\n-00015210: 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 tries.directly, \n-00015220: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 but may only rea\n-00015230: 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 d them from else\n-00015240: 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 where using ...c\n-00015250: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f onfigfile.......\n-00015260: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00015270: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Node: Theme f\n-00015280: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 ile format, Nex\n-00015290: 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 t: Network, Pre\n-000152a0: 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e v: Configuration\n-000152b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 , Up: Top..7 Th\n-000152c0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a eme file format.\n-000152d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 ***..7.1 Introdu\n-000152f0: 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ction.==========\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n-00015310: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 graphical menu \n-00015320: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 supports themes \n-00015330: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 that can customi\n-00015340: 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e ze the layout.an\n-00015350: 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 d appearance of \n-00015360: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 the GRUB boot me\n-00015370: 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 nu. The theme i\n-00015380: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 s configured thr\n-00015390: 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 ough a.plain tex\n-000153a0: 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 t file that spec\n-000153b0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 ifies the layout\n-000153c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 of the various \n-000153d0: 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 GUI components.(\n-000153e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f including the bo\n-000153f0: 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 ot menu, timeout\n-00015400: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 progress bar, a\n-00015410: 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 nd text messages\n-00015420: 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 ) as.well as the\n-00015430: 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e appearance usin\n-00015440: 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c g colors, fonts,\n-00015450: 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 and images. Ex\n-00015460: 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 ample is.availab\n-00015470: 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 le in docs/examp\n-00015480: 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e le_theme.txt..7.\n-00015490: 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 2 Theme Elements\n-000154a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 ===..7.2.1 Color\n-000154c0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a s.------------..\n-000154d0: 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 Colors can be sp\n-000154e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 ecified in sever\n-000154f0: 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al ways:.. ...\n-00015500: 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 HTML-style \"#RR\n-00015510: 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 GGBB\" or \"#RGB\" \n-00015520: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 format, where *R\n-00015530: 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 *, *G*, and *B* \n-00015540: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 are. hexadec\n-00015550: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 imal digits (e.g\n-00015560: 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 ., \"#8899FF\"). \n-00015570: 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 ... as comma-se\n-00015580: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 parated decimal \n-00015590: 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e RGB values (e.g.\n-000155a0: 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 , \"128, 128, 255\n-000155b0: 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 \"). ... with \"\n-000155c0: 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 SVG 1.0 color na\n-000155d0: 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 mes\" (e.g., \"cor\n-000155e0: 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 nflowerblue\") wh\n-000155f0: 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 ich must be. \n-00015600: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f specified in lo\n-00015610: 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 wercase...7.2.2 \n-00015620: 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Fonts.----------\n-00015630: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 -..The fonts GRU\n-00015640: 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e B uses \"PFF2 fon\n-00015650: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 t format\" bitmap\n-00015660: 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 fonts. Fonts a\n-00015670: 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 re.specified wit\n-00015680: 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 h full font name\n-00015690: 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 s. Currently th\n-000156a0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 ere is no provis\n-000156b0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 ion for a.prefer\n-000156c0: 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e ence list of fon\n-000156d0: 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 ts, or deriving \n-000156e0: 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e one font from an\n-000156f0: 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 other. Fonts ar\n-00015700: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 e.loaded with th\n-00015710: 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d e \"loadfont\" com\n-00015720: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e mand in GRUB (*n\n-00015730: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e ote loadfont::).\n-00015740: 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 To see.the lis\n-00015750: 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 t of loaded font\n-00015760: 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 s, execute the \"\n-00015770: 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lsfonts\" command\n-00015780: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a (*note.lsfonts:\n-00015790: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 :). If there ar\n-000157a0: 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 e too many fonts\n-000157b0: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 to fit on scree\n-000157c0: 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 n, do \"set.pager\n-000157d0: 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 =1\" before execu\n-000157e0: 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a ting \"lsfonts\"..\n-000157f0: 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 .7.2.3 Progress \n-00015800: 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Bar.------------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 ------..Figure 7\n-00015820: 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 .1.Figure 7.2.Pr\n-00015830: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 ogress bars are \n-00015840: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 used to display \n-00015850: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n-00015860: 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 me before GRUB b\n-00015870: 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 oots.the default\n-00015880: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f menu entry. To\n-00015890: 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 create a progre\n-000158a0: 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c ss bar that will\n-000158b0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d display the.rem\n-000158c0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f aining time befo\n-000158d0: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f re automatic boo\n-000158e0: 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 t, simply create\n-000158f0: 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 a \"progress_bar\n-00015900: 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 \".component with\n-00015910: 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f the id \"__timeo\n-00015920: 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 ut__\". This ind\n-00015930: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 icates to GRUB t\n-00015940: 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 hat the.progress\n-00015950: 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 bar should be u\n-00015960: 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 pdated as time p\n-00015970: 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 asses, and it sh\n-00015980: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 ould be made.inv\n-00015990: 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f isible if the co\n-000159a0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d untdown to autom\n-000159b0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 atic boot is int\n-000159c0: 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 errupted by the \n-000159d0: 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 user... Progre\n-000159e0: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 ss bars may opti\n-000159f0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 onally have text\n-00015a00: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 displayed on th\n-00015a10: 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 em. This text.i\n-00015a20: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n-00015a30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 variable \"text\" \n-00015a40: 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 which contains a\n-00015a50: 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 printf template\n-00015a60: 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 with.the only a\n-00015a70: 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 rgument %d is th\n-00015a80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f e number of seco\n-00015a90: 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 nds remaining. \n-00015aa0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 Additionally.spe\n-00015ab0: 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 cial values \"@TI\n-00015ac0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-00015ad0: 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 ON_SHORT@\",.\"@TI\n-00015ae0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-00015af0: 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 ON_MIDDLE@\", \"@T\n-00015b00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00015b10: 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 ION_LONG@\" are.r\n-00015b20: 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 eplaced with sta\n-00015b30: 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c ndard and transl\n-00015b40: 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a ated templates..\n-00015b50: 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 .7.2.4 Circular \n-00015b60: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 Progress Indicat\n-00015b70: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+000147b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 supports embeddi\n+000147c0: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ng a configurati\n+000147d0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 on file directly\n+000147e0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 into the core.i\n+000147f0: 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 mage, so that it\n+00014800: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 is loaded befor\n+00014810: 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 e entering norma\n+00014820: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 l mode. This is\n+00014830: 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 .useful, for exa\n+00014840: 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 mple, when it is\n+00014850: 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 not straightfor\n+00014860: 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 ward to find the\n+00014870: 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 real.configurat\n+00014880: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 ion file, or whe\n+00014890: 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 n you need to de\n+000148a0: 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 bug problems wit\n+000148b0: 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 h loading that.f\n+000148c0: 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ile. ...grub-in\n+000148d0: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 stall... uses th\n+000148e0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 is feature when \n+000148f0: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 it is not using \n+00014900: 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 BIOS disk.functi\n+00014910: 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 ons or when inst\n+00014920: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 alling to a diff\n+00014930: 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 erent disk from \n+00014940: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 the one containi\n+00014950: 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng..../boot/grub\n+00014960: e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ..., in which ca\n+00014970: 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 se it needs to u\n+00014980: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 se the ...search\n+00014990: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+000149a0: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 te.search::) to \n+000149b0: 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 find .../boot/gr\n+000149c0: 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d ub...... To em\n+000149d0: 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 bed a configurat\n+000149e0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 ion file, use th\n+000149f0: 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-c... optio\n+00014a00: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 n to ...grub-mki\n+00014a10: 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c mage.....The fil\n+00014a20: 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f e is copied into\n+00014a30: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c the core image,\n+00014a40: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 so it may resid\n+00014a50: 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 e anywhere on th\n+00014a60: 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 e.file system, a\n+00014a70: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 nd may be remove\n+00014a80: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 d after running \n+00014a90: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n+00014aa0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 ..... After th\n+00014ab0: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014ac0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 guration file (i\n+00014ad0: 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 f any) is execut\n+00014ae0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f ed, GRUB will.lo\n+00014af0: 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ad the ...normal\n+00014b00: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ... module (*not\n+00014b10: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 e normal::), whi\n+00014b20: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 ch will then rea\n+00014b30: 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 d the real.confi\n+00014b40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 guration file fr\n+00014b50: 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 om ...$prefix/gr\n+00014b60: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 ub.cfg.... By t\n+00014b70: 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 his point, the .\n+00014b80: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 ..root....variab\n+00014b90: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 le will also hav\n+00014ba0: 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 e been set to th\n+00014bb0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 e root device na\n+00014bc0: 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 me. For example\n+00014bd0: 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d ,....prefix... m\n+00014be0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ight be set to .\n+00014bf0: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 ..(hd0,1)/boot/g\n+00014c00: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 rub..., and ...r\n+00014c10: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 oot... might be \n+00014c20: 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 set to....hd0,1.\n+00014c30: 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f ... Thus, in mo\n+00014c40: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d st cases, the em\n+00014c50: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n+00014c60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e tion file only.n\n+00014c70: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 eeds to set the \n+00014c80: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...prefix... and\n+00014c90: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...root... vari\n+00014ca0: 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 ables, and then \n+00014cb0: 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a drop through to.\n+00014cc0: 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 GRUB's normal pr\n+00014cd0: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 ocessing. A typ\n+00014ce0: 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 ical example of \n+00014cf0: 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 this might look \n+00014d00: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like.this:.. \n+00014d10: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 search.fs_uuid \n+00014d20: 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 01234567-89ab-cd\n+00014d30: 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 ef-0123-456789ab\n+00014d40: 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 cdef root. s\n+00014d50: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n+00014d60: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 )/boot/grub.. \n+00014d70: 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 (The ...search_f\n+00014d80: 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 s_uuid... module\n+00014d90: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 must be include\n+00014da0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d d in the core im\n+00014db0: 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 age for.this exa\n+00014dc0: 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a mple to work.)..\n+00014dd0: 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c In more compl\n+00014de0: 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 ex cases, it may\n+00014df0: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 be useful to re\n+00014e00: 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ad other configu\n+00014e10: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 ration.files dir\n+00014e20: 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ectly from the e\n+00014e30: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+00014e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 ation file. Thi\n+00014e50: 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 s allows such.th\n+00014e60: 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 ings as reading \n+00014e70: 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 files not called\n+00014e80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n+00014e90: 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 or reading file\n+00014ea0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f s from a.directo\n+00014eb0: 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ry other than th\n+00014ec0: 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 at where GRUB's \n+00014ed0: 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 loadable modules\n+00014ee0: 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a are installed..\n+00014ef0: 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c To do this, incl\n+00014f00: 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 ude the ...confi\n+00014f10: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 gfile... and ...\n+00014f20: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 normal... module\n+00014f30: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d s in the core.im\n+00014f40: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 age, and embed a\n+00014f50: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014f60: 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 ile that uses th\n+00014f70: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00014f80: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f .. command.to lo\n+00014f90: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e ad another file.\n+00014fa0: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+00014fb0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 example of this \n+00014fc0: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 also requires th\n+00014fd0: 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 e....echo..., ..\n+00014fe0: 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 .search_label...\n+00014ff0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 , and ...test...\n+00015000: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 modules to be i\n+00015010: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n+00015020: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 ore.image:.. \n+00015030: 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c search.fs_label\n+00015040: 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub root. \n+00015050: 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 if [ -e /boot/gr\n+00015060: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 ub/example/test1\n+00015070: 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 .cfg ]; then. \n+00015080: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 set prefix\n+00015090: 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 =($root)/boot/gr\n+000150a0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 ub. conf\n+000150b0: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n+000150c0: 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e b/example/test1.\n+000150d0: 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 cfg. else. \n+000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f if [ -e /\n+000150f0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n+00015100: 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 e/test2.cfg ]; t\n+00015110: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen. \n+00015120: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n+00015130: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 ot)/boot/grub. \n+00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n+00015150: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n+00015160: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 /example/test2.c\n+00015170: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 fg. else\n+00015180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 . ec\n+00015190: 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 ho \"Could not fi\n+000151a0: 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f nd an example co\n+000151b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000151c0: 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 !\". fi. \n+000151d0: 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 fi.. The e\n+000151e0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+000151f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e ation file may n\n+00015200: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 ot contain menu \n+00015210: 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 entries.directly\n+00015220: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 , but may only r\n+00015230: 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c ead them from el\n+00015240: 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 sewhere using ..\n+00015250: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a .configfile.....\n+00015260: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00015270: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 fo, Node: Theme\n+00015280: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e file format, N\n+00015290: 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 ext: Network, P\n+000152a0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 rev: Configurati\n+000152b0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 on, Up: Top..7 \n+000152c0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+000152d0: 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a t.**************\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f *****..7.1 Intro\n+000152f0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d duction.========\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 ========..The GR\n+00015310: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n+00015320: 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 u supports theme\n+00015330: 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f s that can custo\n+00015340: 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a mize the layout.\n+00015350: 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f and appearance o\n+00015360: 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 f the GRUB boot \n+00015370: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 menu. The theme\n+00015380: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 is configured t\n+00015390: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 hrough a.plain t\n+000153a0: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 ext file that sp\n+000153b0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f ecifies the layo\n+000153c0: 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 ut of the variou\n+000153d0: 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 s GUI components\n+000153e0: 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 .(including the \n+000153f0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f boot menu, timeo\n+00015400: 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c ut progress bar,\n+00015410: 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 and text messag\n+00015420: 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 es) as.well as t\n+00015430: 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 he appearance us\n+00015440: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 ing colors, font\n+00015450: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 s, and images. \n+00015460: 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c Example is.avail\n+00015470: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 able in docs/exa\n+00015480: 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a mple_theme.txt..\n+00015490: 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7.2 Theme Elemen\n+000154a0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c =====..7.2.1 Col\n+000154c0: 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ors.------------\n+000154d0: 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 ..Colors can be \n+000154e0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 specified in sev\n+000154f0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 eral ways:.. .\n+00015500: 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 .. HTML-style \"#\n+00015510: 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 RRGGBB\" or \"#RGB\n+00015520: 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 \" format, where \n+00015530: 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 *R*, *G*, and *B\n+00015540: 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 * are. hexad\n+00015550: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 ecimal digits (e\n+00015560: 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a .g., \"#8899FF\").\n+00015570: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d ... as comma-\n+00015580: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 separated decima\n+00015590: 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e l RGB values (e.\n+000155a0: 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 g., \"128, 128, 2\n+000155b0: 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 55\"). ... with\n+000155c0: 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 \"SVG 1.0 color \n+000155d0: 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 names\" (e.g., \"c\n+000155e0: 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 ornflowerblue\") \n+000155f0: 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 which must be. \n+00015600: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 specified in \n+00015610: 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e lowercase...7.2.\n+00015620: 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 Fonts.--------\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 ---..The fonts G\n+00015640: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 RUB uses \"PFF2 f\n+00015650: 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d ont format\" bitm\n+00015660: 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 ap fonts. Fonts\n+00015670: 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 are.specified w\n+00015680: 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 ith full font na\n+00015690: 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mes. Currently \n+000156a0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 there is no prov\n+000156b0: 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 ision for a.pref\n+000156c0: 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 erence list of f\n+000156d0: 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e onts, or derivin\n+000156e0: 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 g one font from \n+000156f0: 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 another. Fonts \n+00015700: 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 are.loaded with \n+00015710: 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 the \"loadfont\" c\n+00015720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 ommand in GRUB (\n+00015730: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a *note loadfont::\n+00015740: 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c ). To see.the l\n+00015750: 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f ist of loaded fo\n+00015760: 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 nts, execute the\n+00015770: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"lsfonts\" comma\n+00015780: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 nd (*note.lsfont\n+00015790: 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 s::). If there \n+000157a0: 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e are too many fon\n+000157b0: 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 ts to fit on scr\n+000157c0: 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 een, do \"set.pag\n+000157d0: 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 er=1\" before exe\n+000157e0: 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 cuting \"lsfonts\"\n+000157f0: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 ...7.2.3 Progres\n+00015800: 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s Bar.----------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 --------..Figure\n+00015820: 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 7.1.Figure 7.2.\n+00015830: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 Progress bars ar\n+00015840: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 e used to displa\n+00015850: 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 y the remaining \n+00015860: 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 time before GRUB\n+00015870: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 boots.the defau\n+00015880: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt menu entry. \n+00015890: 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 To create a prog\n+000158a0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 ress bar that wi\n+000158b0: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 ll display the.r\n+000158c0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 emaining time be\n+000158d0: 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 fore automatic b\n+000158e0: 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 oot, simply crea\n+000158f0: 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 te a \"progress_b\n+00015900: 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 ar\".component wi\n+00015910: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d th the id \"__tim\n+00015920: 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 eout__\". This i\n+00015930: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 ndicates to GRUB\n+00015940: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 that the.progre\n+00015950: 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ss bar should be\n+00015960: 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 updated as time\n+00015970: 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 passes, and it \n+00015980: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 should be made.i\n+00015990: 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 nvisible if the \n+000159a0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 countdown to aut\n+000159b0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 omatic boot is i\n+000159c0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 nterrupted by th\n+000159d0: 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 e user... Prog\n+000159e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 ress bars may op\n+000159f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 tionally have te\n+00015a00: 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 xt displayed on \n+00015a10: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 them. This text\n+00015a20: 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 .is controlled b\n+00015a30: 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 y variable \"text\n+00015a40: 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 \" which contains\n+00015a50: 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 a printf templa\n+00015a60: 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 te with.the only\n+00015a70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 argument %d is \n+00015a80: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 the number of se\n+00015a90: 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e conds remaining.\n+00015aa0: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 Additionally.s\n+00015ab0: 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 pecial values \"@\n+00015ac0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+00015ad0: 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 TION_SHORT@\",.\"@\n+00015ae0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+00015af0: 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 TION_MIDDLE@\", \"\n+00015b00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00015b10: 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 ATION_LONG@\" are\n+00015b20: 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 .replaced with s\n+00015b30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e tandard and tran\n+00015b40: 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 slated templates\n+00015b50: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 ...7.2.4 Circula\n+00015b60: 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 r Progress Indic\n+00015b70: 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ator.-----------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c ----..The circul\n-00015ba0: 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar progress indi\n-00015bb0: 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 cator functions \n-00015bc0: 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 similarly to the\n-00015bd0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 progress bar..W\n-00015be0: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 hen given an id \n-00015bf0: 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 of \"__timeout__\"\n-00015c00: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 , GRUB updates t\n-00015c10: 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 he circular prog\n-00015c20: 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 ress.indicator's\n-00015c30: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 value to indica\n-00015c40: 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 te the time rema\n-00015c50: 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 ining. For the \n-00015c60: 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 circular.progres\n-00015c70: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 s indicator, the\n-00015c80: 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 re are two image\n-00015c90: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 s used to render\n-00015ca0: 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 it: the *center\n-00015cb0: 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 *.image, and the\n-00015cc0: 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 *tick* image. \n-00015cd0: 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 The center image\n-00015ce0: 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 is rendered in \n-00015cf0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 the center.of th\n-00015d00: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 e component, whi\n-00015d10: 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 le the tick imag\n-00015d20: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e e is used to ren\n-00015d30: 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c der each mark al\n-00015d40: 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 ong.the circumfe\n-00015d50: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 rence of the ind\n-00015d60: 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c icator...7.2.5 L\n-00015d70: 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d abels.----------\n-00015d80: 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 --..Text labels \n-00015d90: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e can be placed on\n-00015da0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e the boot screen\n-00015db0: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c . 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This is\n-00015ec0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 useful in case \n-00015ed0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 you want the.tex\n-00015ee0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 t displayed some\n-00015ef0: 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 where else inste\n-00015f00: 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f ad of directly o\n-00015f10: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n-00015f20: 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 ar...7.2.6 Boot \n-00015f30: 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Menu.-----------\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d ----..The boot m\n-00015f50: 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 enu where GRUB d\n-00015f60: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 isplays the menu\n-00015f70: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 entries from th\n-00015f80: 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c e \"grub.cfg\".fil\n-00015f90: 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 e. It is a list\n-00015fa0: 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 of items, where\n-00015fb0: 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 each item has a\n-00015fc0: 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 title and an.op\n-00015fd0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 tional icon. Th\n-00015fe0: 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 e icon is select\n-00015ff0: 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ed based on the \n-00016000: 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 *classes* specif\n-00016010: 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ied.for the menu\n-00016020: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 entry. If ther\n-00016030: 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 e is a PNG file \n-00016040: 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 named \"myclass.p\n-00016050: 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 ng\" in the.\"grub\n-00016060: 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 /themes/icons\" d\n-00016070: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c irectory, it wil\n-00016080: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 l be displayed f\n-00016090: 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 or items which h\n-000160a0: 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d ave.the class *m\n-000160b0: 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f yclass*. The bo\n-000160c0: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 ot menu can be c\n-000160d0: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 ustomized in sev\n-000160e0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 eral ways,.such \n-000160f0: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 as the font and \n-00016100: 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 color used for t\n-00016110: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 he menu entry ti\n-00016120: 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 tle, and by.spec\n-00016130: 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f ifying styled bo\n-00016140: 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 xes for the menu\n-00016150: 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 itself and for \n-00016160: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 the selected ite\n-00016170: 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e m.highlight...7.\n-00016180: 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 2.7 Styled Boxes\n-00016190: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ---..One of the \n-000161b0: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 most important f\n-000161c0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 eatures for cust\n-000161d0: 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f omizing the layo\n-000161e0: 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 ut is the use.of\n-000161f0: 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e *styled boxes*.\n-00016200: 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 A styled box i\n-00016210: 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 s composed of 9 \n-00016220: 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 rectangular (and\n-00016230: 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 .potentially emp\n-00016240: 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 ty) regions, whi\n-00016250: 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 ch are used to s\n-00016260: 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 eamlessly draw t\n-00016270: 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e he styled.box on\n-00016280: 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 screen:..Northw\n-00016290: 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (nw) \n-000162a0: 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 North (n) \n-000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 Northeas\n-000162c0: 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 t (ne).West (w) \n-000162d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 Ce\n-000162e0: 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter (c) \n-000162f0: 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f East (e).So\n-00016300: 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 uthwest (sw) \n-00016310: 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 South (s) \n-00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 Sout\n-00016330: 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 heast (se).. T\n-00016340: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 o support any si\n-00016350: 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 ze of box on scr\n-00016360: 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 een, the center \n-00016370: 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c slice and the sl\n-00016380: 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 ices.for the top\n-00016390: 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 , bottom, and si\n-000163a0: 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c des are all scal\n-000163b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 ed to the correc\n-000163c0: 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 t size for.the c\n-000163d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 omponent on scre\n-000163e0: 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f en, using the fo\n-000163f0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a llowing rules:..\n-00016400: 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 1. The edge sl\n-00016410: 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 ices (north, sou\n-00016420: 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 th, east, and we\n-00016430: 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 st) are scaled i\n-00016440: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 n the. direc\n-00016450: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 tion of the edge\n-00016460: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 they are adjace\n-00016470: 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 nt to. For inst\n-00016480: 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 ance, the west. \n-00016490: 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 slice is sca\n-000164a0: 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a led vertically..\n-000164b0: 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 2. The corner \n-000164c0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 slices (northwes\n-000164d0: 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f t, northeast, so\n-000164e0: 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 utheast, and sou\n-000164f0: 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 thwest). are\n-00016500: 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 not scaled.. 3\n-00016510: 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 . The center sli\n-00016520: 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 ce is scaled to \n-00016530: 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 fill the remaini\n-00016540: 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a ng space in the.\n-00016550: 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 middle... \n-00016560: 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f As an example o\n-00016570: 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d f how an image m\n-00016580: 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 ight be sliced u\n-00016590: 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 p, consider the \n-000165a0: 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 styled.box used \n-000165b0: 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 for a terminal v\n-000165c0: 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 iew...Figure 7.3\n-000165d0: 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 .7.2.8 Creating \n-000165e0: 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 Styled Box Image\n-000165f0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 ------..The circ\n+00015ba0: 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular progress in\n+00015bb0: 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e dicator function\n+00015bc0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 s similarly to t\n+00015bd0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n+00015be0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 .When given an i\n+00015bf0: 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f d of \"__timeout_\n+00015c00: 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 _\", GRUB updates\n+00015c10: 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 the circular pr\n+00015c20: 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 ogress.indicator\n+00015c30: 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 's value to indi\n+00015c40: 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 cate the time re\n+00015c50: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 maining. For th\n+00015c60: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 e circular.progr\n+00015c70: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 ess indicator, t\n+00015c80: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 here are two ima\n+00015c90: 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 ges used to rend\n+00015ca0: 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 er it: the *cent\n+00015cb0: 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 er*.image, and t\n+00015cc0: 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e he *tick* image.\n+00015cd0: 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 The center ima\n+00015ce0: 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 ge is rendered i\n+00015cf0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 n the center.of \n+00015d00: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 the component, w\n+00015d10: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d hile the tick im\n+00015d20: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 age is used to r\n+00015d30: 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 ender each mark \n+00015d40: 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d along.the circum\n+00015d50: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 ference of the i\n+00015d60: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 ndicator...7.2.5\n+00015d70: 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Labels.--------\n+00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c ----..Text label\n+00015d90: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 s can be placed \n+00015da0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 on the boot scre\n+00015db0: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 en. 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It is a li\n+00015fa0: 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 st of items, whe\n+00015fb0: 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 re each item has\n+00015fc0: 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a a title and an.\n+00015fd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 optional icon. \n+00015fe0: 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 The icon is sele\n+00015ff0: 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 cted based on th\n+00016000: 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 e *classes* spec\n+00016010: 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 ified.for the me\n+00016020: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 nu entry. If th\n+00016030: 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c ere is a PNG fil\n+00016040: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 e named \"myclass\n+00016050: 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 .png\" in the.\"gr\n+00016060: 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 ub/themes/icons\"\n+00016070: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 directory, it w\n+00016080: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n+00016090: 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 for items which\n+000160a0: 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 have.the class \n+000160b0: 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 *myclass*. The \n+000160c0: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 boot menu can be\n+000160d0: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 customized in s\n+000160e0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 everal ways,.suc\n+000160f0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e h as the font an\n+00016100: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d color used for\n+00016110: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n+00016120: 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 title, and by.sp\n+00016130: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 ecifying styled \n+00016140: 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 boxes for the me\n+00016150: 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f nu itself and fo\n+00016160: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 r the selected i\n+00016170: 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a tem.highlight...\n+00016180: 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 7.2.7 Styled Box\n+00016190: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 -----..One of th\n+000161b0: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n+000161c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 features for cu\n+000161d0: 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 stomizing the la\n+000161e0: 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a yout is the use.\n+000161f0: 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 of *styled boxes\n+00016200: 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 *. A styled box\n+00016210: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 is composed of \n+00016220: 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 9 rectangular (a\n+00016230: 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 nd.potentially e\n+00016240: 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 mpty) regions, w\n+00016250: 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f hich are used to\n+00016260: 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 seamlessly draw\n+00016270: 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 the styled.box \n+00016280: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 on screen:..Nort\n+00016290: 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 hwest (nw) \n+000162a0: 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 North (n) \n+000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 Northe\n+000162c0: 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 ast (ne).West (w\n+000162d0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ) \n+000162e0: 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 Center (c) \n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a East (e).\n+00016300: 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 Southwest (sw) \n+00016310: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 South (s)\n+00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n+00016330: 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 utheast (se).. \n+00016340: 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 To support any \n+00016350: 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 size of box on s\n+00016360: 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 creen, the cente\n+00016370: 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 r slice and the \n+00016380: 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 slices.for the t\n+00016390: 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 op, bottom, and \n+000163a0: 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 sides are all sc\n+000163b0: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 aled to the corr\n+000163c0: 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 ect size for.the\n+000163d0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 component on sc\n+000163e0: 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 reen, using the \n+000163f0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a following rules:\n+00016400: 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 .. 1. The edge \n+00016410: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 slices (north, s\n+00016420: 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 outh, east, and \n+00016430: 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 west) are scaled\n+00016440: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 in the. dir\n+00016450: 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 ection of the ed\n+00016460: 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 ge they are adja\n+00016470: 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e cent to. For in\n+00016480: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 stance, the west\n+00016490: 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 . slice is s\n+000164a0: 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 caled vertically\n+000164b0: 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 .. 2. The corne\n+000164c0: 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 r slices (northw\n+000164d0: 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 est, northeast, \n+000164e0: 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 southeast, and s\n+000164f0: 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 outhwest). a\n+00016500: 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 re not scaled.. \n+00016510: 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 3. The center s\n+00016520: 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 lice is scaled t\n+00016530: 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 o fill the remai\n+00016540: 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 ning space in th\n+00016550: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a e. middle...\n+00016560: 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 As an example\n+00016570: 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 of how an image\n+00016580: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 might be sliced\n+00016590: 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 up, consider th\n+000165a0: 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 e styled.box use\n+000165b0: 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c d for a terminal\n+000165c0: 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 view...Figure 7\n+000165d0: 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e .3.7.2.8 Creatin\n+000165e0: 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 g Styled Box Ima\n+000165f0: 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ges.------------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 --..The Inkscape\n-00016620: 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f _ scalable vecto\n-00016630: 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f r graphics edito\n-00016640: 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 r is a very usef\n-00016650: 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 ul tool for.crea\n-00016660: 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 ting styled box \n-00016670: 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f images. One pro\n-00016680: 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 cess that works \n-00016690: 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 well for slicing\n-000166a0: 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 a.drawing into \n-000166b0: 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d the necessary im\n-000166c0: 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a age slices is:..\n-000166d0: 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 1. Create or o\n-000166e0: 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 pen the drawing \n-000166f0: 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a you'd like use..\n-00016700: 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 2. Create a ne\n-00016710: 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 w layer on the t\n-00016720: 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 op of the layer \n-00016730: 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 stack. Make it \n-00016740: 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 visible.. Se\n-00016750: 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 lect this layer \n-00016760: 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c as the current l\n-00016770: 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 ayer.. 3. Draw \n-00016780: 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 9 rectangles on \n-00016790: 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 your drawing whe\n-000167a0: 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 re you'd like th\n-000167b0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 e slices to. \n-000167c0: 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 be. Clear the \n-000167d0: 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 fill option, and\n-000167e0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 set the stroke \n-000167f0: 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a to 1 pixel wide.\n-00016800: 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b solid strok\n-00016810: 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 e. The corners \n-00016820: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 of the slices mu\n-00016830: 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c st meet precisel\n-00016840: 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 y; if it. is\n-00016850: 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 off by a single\n-00016860: 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 pixel, it will \n-00016870: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 probably be evid\n-00016880: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ent when the. \n-00016890: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 styled box is \n-000168a0: 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rendered in the \n-000168b0: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 GRUB menu. You \n-000168c0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 should probably \n-000168d0: 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 go to. File \n-000168e0: 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 | Document Prope\n-000168f0: 7274 6965 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e rties | Grids an\n-00016900: 6420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 d enable a grid \n-00016910: 6f72 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 or create a. \n-00016920: 2067 7569 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e guide (click on\n-00016930: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 one of the rule\n-00016940: 7273 206e 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 rs next to the d\n-00016950: 7261 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 rawing and drag \n-00016960: 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 over. the dr\n-00016970: 6177 696e 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 awing; release t\n-00016980: 6865 206d 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 he mouse button \n-00016990: 746f 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 to place the gui\n-000169a0: 6465 2920 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 de) to help. \n-000169b0: 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 place the recta\n-000169c0: 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e ngles precisely.\n-000169d0: 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 . 4. Right clic\n-000169e0: 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 k on the center \n-000169f0: 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 slice rectangle \n-00016a00: 616e 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 and choose Objec\n-00016a10: 740a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 t. Propertie\n-00016a20: 732e 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2022 s. Change the \"\n-00016a30: 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 Id\" to \"slice_c\"\n-00016a40: 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 and click Set. \n-00016a50: 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 Repeat. thi\n-00016a60: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e s for the remain\n-00016a70: 696e 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 ing 8 rectangles\n-00016a80: 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 , giving them Id\n-00016a90: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 values of. \n-00016aa0: 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 \"slice_n\", \"slic\n-00016ab0: 655f 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 e_ne\", \"slice_e\"\n-00016ac0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f , and so on acco\n-00016ad0: 7264 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rding to the. \n-00016ae0: 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e location.. 5.\n-00016af0: 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e Save the drawin\n-00016b00: 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 g.. 6. Select a\n-00016b10: 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 ll the slice rec\n-00016b20: 7461 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 tangles. With t\n-00016b30: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 2073 he slice layer s\n-00016b40: 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 796f elected,. yo\n-00016b50: 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 2070 7265 u can simply pre\n-00016b60: 7373 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 746f 2073 656c ss Ctrl+A to sel\n-00016b70: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7265 6374 616e 676c ect all rectangl\n-00016b80: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 7461 7475 730a es. The status.\n-00016b90: 2020 2020 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 bar should \n-00016ba0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 3920 indicate that 9 \n-00016bb0: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2061 7265 2073 rectangles are s\n-00016bc0: 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a20 2037 2e20 436c elected.. 7. Cl\n-00016bd0: 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 6869 ick the layer hi\n-00016be0: 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 de icon for the \n-00016bf0: 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e 2074 slice layer in t\n-00016c00: 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 7465 he layer palette\n-00016c10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 7461 .. The recta\n-00016c20: 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 ngles will remai\n-00016c30: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 656e n selected, even\n-00016c40: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 7265 though they are\n-00016c50: 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 hidden.. 8. 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In this ex\n-00016fe0: 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d 6533 2069 7320 ample, name3 is \n-00016ff0: 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 2063 6f6c 6f72 assigned a color\n-00017000: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 2047 value...7.3.3 G\n-00017010: 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7479 204c lobal Property L\n-00017020: 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist.------------\n-00017030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00017040: 7469 746c 652d 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 title-text \n-00017050: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n-00017060: 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 the text to dis\n-00017070: 706c 6179 2061 7420 7468 6520 746f 700a play at the top.\n-00017080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017090: 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 center of\n-000170a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6173 2061 the screen as a\n-000170b0: 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 7469 746c 652d 666f title..title-fo\n-000170c0: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 nt D\n-000170d0: 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 efines the font \n-000170e0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 used for the tit\n-000170f0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le. \n-00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 messag\n-00017110: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 e at the top of \n-00017120: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 7469 746c the screen..titl\n-00017130: 652d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 e-color \n-00017140: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 Defines the c\n-00017150: 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7469 746c olor of the titl\n-00017160: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 652e 0a6d 6573 7361 e message..messa\n-00017170: 6765 2d66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge-font \n-00017180: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 Currently unus\n-00017190: 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 ed. 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One p\n+00016680: 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b rocess that work\n+00016690: 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 s well for slici\n+000166a0: 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 ng a.drawing int\n+000166b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 o the necessary \n+000166c0: 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a image slices is:\n+000166d0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 .. 1. Create or\n+000166e0: 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e open the drawin\n+000166f0: 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 g you'd like use\n+00016700: 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 .. 2. Create a \n+00016710: 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 new layer on the\n+00016720: 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 top of the laye\n+00016730: 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 r stack. Make i\n+00016740: 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 t visible.. \n+00016750: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 Select this laye\n+00016760: 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 r as the current\n+00016770: 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 layer.. 3. Dra\n+00016780: 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f w 9 rectangles o\n+00016790: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 n your drawing w\n+000167a0: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 here you'd like \n+000167b0: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 the slices to. \n+000167c0: 2020 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 be. Clear th\n+000167d0: 6520 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 e fill option, a\n+000167e0: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b nd set the strok\n+000167f0: 6520 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 e to 1 pixel wid\n+00016800: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 e. solid str\n+00016810: 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 oke. The corner\n+00016820: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 s of the slices \n+00016830: 6d75 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 must meet precis\n+00016840: 656c 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ely; if it. \n+00016850: 6973 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 is off by a sing\n+00016860: 6c65 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c le pixel, it wil\n+00016870: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 l probably be ev\n+00016880: 6964 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 ident when the. \n+00016890: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 styled box i\n+000168a0: 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 s rendered in th\n+000168b0: 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f e GRUB menu. Yo\n+000168c0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c u should probabl\n+000168d0: 7920 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c y go to. 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Left for \n+000171a0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 backward. \n+000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000171c0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d compatibility..m\n+000171d0: 6573 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 essage-color \n+000171e0: 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 Currently \n+000171f0: 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f unused. Left fo\n+00017200: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r backward. \n 00017210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017220: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d compatibility..m\n-00017230: 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f 6c6f 7220 essage-bg-color \n-00017240: 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 Currently \n-00017250: 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f unused. Left fo\n-00017260: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r backward. \n+00017220: 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e compatibility.\n+00017230: 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f 6c6f .message-bg-colo\n+00017240: 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c r Currentl\n+00017250: 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 y unused. Left \n+00017260: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 for backward. \n 00017270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017280: 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e compatibility.\n-00017290: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2020 .desktop-image \n-000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n-000172b0: 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2075 s the image to u\n-000172c0: 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 se as the. \n+00017280: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 compatibilit\n+00017290: 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 y..desktop-image\n+000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+000172b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f ies the image to\n+000172c0: 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 use as the. \n 000172d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000172e0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 4974 background. It\n-000172f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 will be scaled \n-00017300: 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 to fit the. \n+000172e0: 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 background. \n+000172f0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 It will be scale\n+00017300: 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 d to fit the. \n 00017310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017320: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 6f72 screen size or\n-00017330: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 proportionally \n-00017340: 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 scaled. \n-00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00017360: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 pending on the s\n-00017370: 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 6573 cale method..des\n-00017380: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 ktop-image-scale\n-00017390: 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 6573 -methodSpecifies\n-000173a0: 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 the scaling met\n-000173b0: 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 hod for the. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 screen size \n+00017330: 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c or proportionall\n+00017340: 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y scaled. \n+00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017360: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+00017370: 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 scale method..d\n+00017380: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 esktop-image-sca\n+00017390: 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 le-methodSpecifi\n+000173a0: 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d es the scaling m\n+000173b0: 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ethod for the. \n 000173c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000173d0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000173e0: 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 e*. Options are\n-000173f0: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 \"stretch\",. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000173e0: 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 age*. Options a\n+000173f0: 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 re \"stretch\",. \n 00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 \"crop\", \"padd\n-00017420: 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 ing\", \"fitwidth\"\n-00017430: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 \"fithei\n-00017450: 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 ght\". \"stretch\"\n-00017460: 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 for fitting the\n-00017470: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 screen s\n-00017490: 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 ize. Otherwise \n-000174a0: 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n-000174c0: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e portional scalin\n-000174d0: 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 g of a part of. \n-000174e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n-00017500: 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 mage* to the par\n-00017510: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 \"crop\", \"pa\n+00017420: 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 dding\", \"fitwidt\n+00017430: 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 \"fith\n+00017450: 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 eight\". \"stretc\n+00017460: 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 h\" for fitting t\n+00017470: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e screen\n+00017490: 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 size. Otherwis\n+000174a0: 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+000174c0: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c roportional scal\n+000174d0: 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 ing of a part of\n+000174e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n+00017500: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 -image* to the p\n+00017510: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n 00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017530: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 screen. \"crop\" \n-00017540: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 part of the. \n+00017530: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 screen. \"crop\n+00017540: 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 \" part of the. \n 00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-00017570: 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f e* will be propo\n-00017580: 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 rtionally. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+00017570: 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f age* will be pro\n+00017580: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 portionally. \n 00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175a0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 scaled to fit t\n-000175b0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e he screen sizes.\n-000175c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 \"padding\n-000175e0: 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 \" the entire *de\n-000175f0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c sktop-image* wil\n-00017600: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 be cont\n-00017620: 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ained on the scr\n-00017630: 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 een. \"fitwidth\"\n-00017640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 for fitt\n-00017660: 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ing the *desktop\n-00017670: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a -image*'s width.\n-00017680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 with scre\n-000176a0: 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 en width. \"fith\n-000176b0: 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 eight\" for. \n+000175a0: 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 scaled to fit\n+000175b0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 the screen size\n+000175c0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 \"paddi\n+000175e0: 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a ng\" the entire *\n+000175f0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 desktop-image* w\n+00017600: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f be co\n+00017620: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 ntained on the s\n+00017630: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 creen. \"fitwidt\n+00017640: 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 for fi\n+00017660: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 tting the *deskt\n+00017670: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 op-image*'s widt\n+00017680: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 with sc\n+000176a0: 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 reen width. \"fi\n+000176b0: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 theight\" for. \n 000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 fitting the *d\n-000176e0: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 esktop-image*'s \n-000176f0: 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 height with. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 fitting the \n+000176e0: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 *desktop-image*'\n+000176f0: 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 s height with. \n 00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 the screen he\n-00017720: 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ight. Default i\n-00017730: 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 s \"stretch\"..des\n-00017740: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 ktop-image-h-ali\n-00017750: 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 gn Specifies th\n-00017760: 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 e horizontal ali\n-00017770: 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 gnment of the. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 the screen \n+00017720: 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 height. Default\n+00017730: 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 is \"stretch\"..d\n+00017740: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 esktop-image-h-a\n+00017750: 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 lign Specifies \n+00017760: 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 the horizontal a\n+00017770: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a lignment of the.\n 00017780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017790: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-000177a0: 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 age* if. \n-000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000177c0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 desktop-image-sc\n-000177d0: 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 ale-method* isn'\n-000177e0: 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t equeal. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+000177a0: 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 image* if. \n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177c0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d *desktop-image-\n+000177d0: 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 scale-method* is\n+000177e0: 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 n't equeal. \n 000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017800: 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f to \"stretch\". O\n-00017810: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 ptions are \"left\n-00017820: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 \"cente\n-00017840: 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 r\", \"right\". 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Fo\n+00017ab0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 r example,. \n 00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017ad0: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 \"terminal-box: t\n-00017ae0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 erminal_*.png\" w\n-00017af0: 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill use. \n-00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00017b10: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 he images \"termi\n-00017b20: 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_c.png\" as th\n-00017b30: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e center. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a \"terminal-box:\n+00017ae0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 terminal_*.png\"\n+00017af0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 will use. \n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b10: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 the images \"ter\n+00017b20: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 minal_c.png\" as \n+00017b30: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 the center. \n 00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b50: 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f area, \"terminal_\n-00017b60: 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f n.png\" as the no\n-00017b70: 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 rth (top). \n+00017b50: 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 area, \"termina\n+00017b60: 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 l_n.png\" as the \n+00017b70: 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 north (top). \n 00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b90: 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c edge, \"terminal\n-00017ba0: 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 _nw.png\" as the \n-00017bb0: 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 northwest. \n+00017b90: 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e edge, \"termin\n+00017ba0: 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 al_nw.png\" as th\n+00017bb0: 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 e northwest. \n 00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017bd0: 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f (upper left) co\n-00017be0: 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e rner, and so on.\n-00017bf0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 (upper left) \n+00017be0: 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f corner, and so o\n+00017bf0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 n. If the. \n 00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c image for any sl\n-00017c20: 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 ice is not found\n-00017c30: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 , it will. \n+00017c10: 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 image for any \n+00017c20: 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 slice is not fou\n+00017c30: 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 nd, it will. \n 00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 simply be left \n-00017c60: 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d empty..terminal-\n-00017c70: 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 border Sp\n-00017c80: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 ecifies the bord\n-00017c90: 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a er width of the.\n-00017ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n-00017cc0: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n-00017cd0: 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -left S\n-00017ce0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 pecifies the lef\n-00017cf0: 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 t coordinate of \n-00017d00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-00017d20: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n-00017d30: 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-00017d50: 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 top coordinate \n-00017d60: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-00017d80: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 rminal window..t\n-00017d90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 erminal-width \n-00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-00017db0: 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the width of the\n-00017dc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n+00017c50: 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 simply be lef\n+00017c60: 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 t empty..termina\n+00017c70: 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-border \n+00017c80: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f Specifies the bo\n+00017c90: 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 rder width of th\n+00017ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n+00017cc0: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e l window..termin\n+00017cd0: 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 al-left \n+00017ce0: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c Specifies the l\n+00017cf0: 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f eft coordinate o\n+00017d00: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+00017d20: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 minal window..te\n+00017d30: 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 rminal-top \n+00017d40: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 Specifies t\n+00017d50: 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 he top coordinat\n+00017d60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n+00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017d80: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e terminal window.\n+00017d90: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 .terminal-width \n+00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n+00017db0: 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 s the width of t\n+00017dc0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 he terminal. \n 00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n-00017df0: 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-height \n-00017e00: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6865 Specifies the he\n-00017e10: 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 726d ight of the term\n-00017e20: 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6e64 wind\n-00017e40: 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 6f6d 706f ow...7.3.4 Compo\n-00017e50: 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 696f nent Constructio\n-00017e60: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n-00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00017e80: 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a Greater customiz\n-00017e90: 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 ability comes is\n-00017ea0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d provided by com\n-00017eb0: 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 ponents. 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Options are\n+000184e0: 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"left\", \"center\n+000184f0: 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 \"right\n+00018510: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 \".. visible \n+00018520: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 Set to \"f\n+00018530: 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 alse\" to hide th\n+00018540: 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 e label... ...\n+00018550: 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 image A compone\n+00018560: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 nt that displays\n+00018570: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 an image. The \n+00018580: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 image is scaled \n+00018590: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 to. fit the \n+000185a0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 component... \n+000185b0: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 Properties:.. \n+000185c0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000185d0: 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 The full path \n+000185e0: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c to the image fil\n+000185f0: 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 e to load... .\n+00018600: 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 .. progress_bar \n+00018610: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a Displays a horiz\n+00018620: 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 ontally oriented\n+00018630: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 progress bar. \n+00018640: 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 It can. be r\n+00018650: 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 endered using si\n+00018660: 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 mple solid fille\n+00018670: 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 d rectangles, or\n+00018680: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 using a pair. \n+00018690: 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 of pixmap sty\n+000186a0: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 led boxes... \n+000186b0: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 Properties:.. \n+000186c0: 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000186d0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 Set to \"__time\n+000186e0: 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 out__\" to displa\n+000186f0: 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 y the time elaps\n+00018700: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 to an aut\n+00018720: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 omatical boot of\n+00018730: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+00018740: 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f ry.. fg_colo\n+00018750: 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 r The fore\n+00018760: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 ground color for\n+00018770: 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c plain solid col\n+00018780: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 rendering\n+000187a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 .. bg_color \n+000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 The backgr\n+000187c0: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 ound color for p\n+000187d0: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n+000187e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n+00018800: 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f border_colo\n+00018810: 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 r The border c\n+00018820: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n+00018830: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+00018850: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 endering.. t\n+00018860: 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 ext_color Th\n+00018870: 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 e text color.. \n+00018880: 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 bar_style \n+00018890: 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 The styled box\n+000188a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n+000188b0: 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a or the frame of.\n 000188c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000188d0: 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 the progress b\n-000188e0: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 the progress\n+000188e0: 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a bar. Example:.\n 000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018900: 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d \"progress_fram\n-00018910: 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 e_*.png\" If the \n-00018920: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n-00018930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 \"highlight\n-00018950: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 _style\" then no \n-00018960: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c styled boxes wil\n-00018970: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a shown..\n-00018990: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 highlight_s\n-000189a0: 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 tyleThe styled b\n-000189b0: 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ox specification\n-000189c0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 for the highlig\n-000189d0: 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 region \n-000189f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 of the progress \n-00018a00: 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 bar. This box w\n-00018a10: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 used \n-00018a30: 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 to paint just th\n-00018a40: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 e highlighted re\n-00018a50: 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 gion of the. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 \"progress_fr\n+00018910: 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 ame_*.png\" If th\n+00018920: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c e value is equal\n+00018930: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 \"highlig\n+00018950: 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e ht_style\" then n\n+00018960: 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 o styled boxes w\n+00018970: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e shown\n+00018990: 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 .. highlight\n+000189a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 _styleThe styled\n+000189b0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n+000189c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c on for the highl\n+000189d0: 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f regio\n+000189f0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 n of the progres\n+00018a00: 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 s bar. This box\n+00018a10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 use\n+00018a30: 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 d to paint just \n+00018a40: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 the highlighted \n+00018a50: 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 region of the. \n 00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a70: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 bar, and will be\n-00018a80: 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 increased in si\n-00018a90: 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 ze as the bar. \n+00018a70: 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 bar, and will \n+00018a80: 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 be increased in \n+00018a90: 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a size as the bar.\n 00018aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ab0: 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 nears completi\n-00018ac0: 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 on. Example: \"p\n-00018ad0: 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 rogress_hl_*.png\n-00018ae0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 If the va\n-00018b00: 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 lue is equal to \n-00018b10: 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e \"bar_style\" then\n-00018b20: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 styled b\n-00018b40: 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f oxes will be sho\n-00018b50: 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 wn.. highlig\n-00018b60: 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 ht_overlayIf thi\n-00018b70: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-00018b80: 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 to \"true\" then t\n-00018b90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 highlight\n-00018bb0: 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 box side slices\n-00018bc0: 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 (every slice ex\n-00018bd0: 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cept. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n-00018bf0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 ter slice) will \n-00018c00: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d overlay the fram\n-00018c10: 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 side s\n-00018c30: 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 lices. And the \n-00018c40: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n-00018c50: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 highligh\n-00018c70: 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 t box can move a\n-00018c80: 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d ll the way (from\n-00018c90: 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 bott\n-00018cb0: 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e om), being drawn\n-00018cc0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n-00018cd0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 nears comple\n+00018ac0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 tion. Example: \n+00018ad0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 \"progress_hl_*.p\n+00018ae0: 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 If the \n+00018b00: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n+00018b10: 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 o \"bar_style\" th\n+00018b20: 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 en no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 styled\n+00018b40: 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 boxes will be s\n+00018b50: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n+00018b60: 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 ight_overlayIf t\n+00018b70: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+00018b80: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e t to \"true\" then\n+00018b90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 highlig\n+00018bb0: 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 ht box side slic\n+00018bc0: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n+00018bd0: 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n+00018bf0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c enter slice) wil\n+00018c00: 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 l overlay the fr\n+00018c10: 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 side\n+00018c30: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 slices. And th\n+00018c40: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f e center slice o\n+00018c50: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 highli\n+00018c70: 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 ght box can move\n+00018c80: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 all the way (fr\n+00018c90: 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 om top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n+00018cb0: 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 ttom), being dra\n+00018cc0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n+00018cd0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n 00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cf0: 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 frame box. That\n-00018d00: 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 way we can make\n-00018d10: 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a a progress bar.\n-00018d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 with round-s\n-00018d40: 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 haped edges so t\n-00018d50: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n-00018d60: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 space f\n-00018d80: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 rom the highligh\n-00018d90: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 t to the frame i\n-00018da0: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 n top and. \n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n-00018dc0: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n-00018dd0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 ositions. Defau\n-00018de0: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n-00018df0: 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018e00: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 The font to u\n-00018e10: 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 se for progress \n-00018e20: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 bar.. text \n-00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 The tex\n-00018e40: 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 t to display on \n-00018e50: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n-00018e60: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 . If the. \n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-00018e80: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 ogress bar's ID \n-00018e90: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d is set to \"__tim\n-00018ea0: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 eout__\" and. \n+00018cf0: 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 frame box. Th\n+00018d00: 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 at way we can ma\n+00018d10: 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 ke a progress ba\n+00018d20: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 with round\n+00018d40: 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f -shaped edges so\n+00018d50: 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 there won't be \n+00018d60: 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 space\n+00018d80: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 from the highli\n+00018d90: 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 ght to the frame\n+00018da0: 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 in top and. \n+00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018dc0: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n+00018dd0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 positions. Def\n+00018de0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n+00018df0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 . font \n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f The font to\n+00018e10: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 use for progres\n+00018e20: 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 s bar.. text\n+00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n+00018e40: 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f ext to display o\n+00018e50: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n+00018e60: 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ar. If the. \n+00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018e80: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 progress bar's I\n+00018e90: 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 D is set to \"__t\n+00018ea0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 imeout__\" and. \n 00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 the value of thi\n-00018ed0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 s property is se\n-00018ee0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n-00018f00: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n-00018f10: 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n-00018f30: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00018f40: 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a ION_MIDDLE@\" or.\n-00018f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00018f70: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 TIFICATION_LONG@\n-00018f80: 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c \", then GRUB wil\n-00018f90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 update thi\n-00018fb0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 s property with \n-00018fc0: 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d an informative m\n-00018fd0: 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 essage. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 as th\n-00018ff0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 e timeout approa\n-00019000: 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 ches... ... ci\n-00019010: 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular_progress \n-00019020: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 Displays a circu\n-00019030: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 lar progress ind\n-00019040: 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 icator. The. \n-00019050: 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 appearance of \n-00019060: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 this component i\n-00019070: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 s determined by \n-00019080: 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a two images: the.\n-00019090: 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d *center* im\n-000190a0: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 age and the *tic\n-000190b0: 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 k* image. The c\n-000190c0: 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 enter image is g\n-000190d0: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 enerally. la\n-000190e0: 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 rger and will be\n-000190f0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn in the ce\n-00019100: 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter of the comp\n-00019110: 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 onent. Around. \n-00019120: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 the circumfe\n-00019130: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c rence of a circl\n-00019140: 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d e within the com\n-00019150: 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b ponent, the tick\n-00019160: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c image. will\n-00019170: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 be drawn a cert\n-00019180: 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 ain number of ti\n-00019190: 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f mes, depending o\n-000191a0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 n the. prope\n-000191b0: 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d rties of the com\n-000191c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ponent... Pr\n-000191d0: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 operties:.. \n-000191e0: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f Set to \"_\n-00019200: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 _timeout__\" to d\n-00019210: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a isplay the time.\n-00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 elap\n-00019240: 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 sed to an automa\n-00019250: 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 tical boot of th\n-00019260: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019280: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 fault entry.. \n-00019290: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 center_bitmap \n-000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c The fil\n-000192b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d e name of the im\n-000192c0: 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 age to draw in t\n-000192d0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-000192f0: 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d enter of the com\n-00019300: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 ponent.. tic\n-00019310: 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 k_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d The file nam\n-00019330: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e of the image t\n-00019340: 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 o draw for. \n+00018ec0: 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 the value of t\n+00018ed0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 his property is \n+00018ee0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d \"@TIM\n+00018f00: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n+00018f10: 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 N_SHORT@\",. \n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018f30: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00018f40: 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f ATION_MIDDLE@\" o\n+00018f50: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f \"@TIMEOUT_\n+00018f70: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e NOTIFICATION_LON\n+00018f80: 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 G@\", then GRUB w\n+00018f90: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 update t\n+00018fb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 his property wit\n+00018fc0: 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 h an informative\n+00018fd0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 as \n+00018ff0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 the timeout appr\n+00019000: 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 oaches... ... \n+00019010: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n+00019020: 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 s Displays a cir\n+00019030: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 cular progress i\n+00019040: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 ndicator. The. \n+00019050: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f appearance o\n+00019060: 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f this component\n+00019070: 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 is determined b\n+00019080: 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 y two images: th\n+00019090: 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 e. *center* \n+000190a0: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 image and the *t\n+000190b0: 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 ick* image. The\n+000190c0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 center image is\n+000190d0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 generally. \n+000190e0: 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 larger and will \n+000190f0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n+00019100: 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f center of the co\n+00019110: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 mponent. Around\n+00019120: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d . the circum\n+00019130: 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 ference of a cir\n+00019140: 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 cle within the c\n+00019150: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 omponent, the ti\n+00019160: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ck image. wi\n+00019170: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 ll be drawn a ce\n+00019180: 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rtain number of \n+00019190: 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 times, depending\n+000191a0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f on the. pro\n+000191b0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 perties of the c\n+000191c0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 omponent... \n+000191d0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n+000191e0: 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n+00019200: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n+00019210: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n+00019220: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c el\n+00019240: 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f apsed to an auto\n+00019250: 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 matical boot of \n+00019260: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019280: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 default entry.. \n+00019290: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 center_bitma\n+000192a0: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 p The f\n+000192b0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ile name of the \n+000192c0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e image to draw in\n+000192d0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000192f0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 center of the c\n+00019300: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 omponent.. t\n+00019310: 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 ick_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e The file n\n+00019330: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ame of the image\n+00019340: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 to draw for. \n 00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 the tick \n-00019370: 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f marks.. num_\n-00019380: 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 The number of\n-000193a0: 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ticks that make\n-000193b0: 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 up a full. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 the tic\n+00019370: 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 k marks.. nu\n+00019380: 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 The number \n+000193a0: 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 of ticks that ma\n+000193b0: 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 ke up a full. \n 000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 circle.. \n-000193e0: 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 ticks_disapp\n-000193f0: 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 ear Boole\n-00019400: 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 an value indicat\n-00019410: 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b ing whether tick\n-00019420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 mar\n-00019440: 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 ks should progre\n-00019450: 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 ssively appear, \n-00019460: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-00019480: 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 rogressively dis\n-00019490: 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 appear as *value\n-000194a0: 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *. \n-000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n-000194c0: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 proaches *end*. \n-000194d0: 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 Specify \"true\" \n-000194e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00019500: 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 false\". Default\n-00019510: 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 is \"false\".. \n-00019520: 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 start_angle \n-00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 The pos\n-00019540: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n-00019550: 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a st tick mark to.\n-00019560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 appe\n-00019580: 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e ar or disappear.\n-00019590: 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 Measured in. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e circle.\n+000193e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 . ticks_disa\n+000193f0: 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f ppear Boo\n+00019400: 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 lean value indic\n+00019410: 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 ating whether ti\n+00019420: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck. \n+00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+00019440: 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 arks should prog\n+00019450: 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 ressively appear\n+00019460: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 , or. \n+00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019480: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 progressively d\n+00019490: 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c isappear as *val\n+000194a0: 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue*. \n+000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000194c0: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a approaches *end*\n+000194d0: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 . Specify \"true\n+000194e0: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019500: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 \"false\". Defau\n+00019510: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n+00019520: 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 start_angle \n+00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 The p\n+00019540: 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 osition of the f\n+00019550: 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 irst tick mark t\n+00019560: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n+00019580: 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 pear or disappea\n+00019590: 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a r. Measured in.\n 000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f \"parro\n-000195c0: 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 ts\", 1 \"parrot\" \n-000195d0: 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 = 1 / 256 of the\n-000195e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c ful\n-00019600: 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 l circle. Use v\n-00019610: 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 alues \"xxx deg\" \n-00019620: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00019640: 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" to\n-00019650: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 set the angle i\n-00019660: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n-00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00019680: 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 grees... ... b\n-00019690: 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 oot_menu Display\n-000196a0: 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 s the GRUB boot \n-000196b0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 menu. It allows\n-000196c0: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 selecting items\n-000196d0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 . and execut\n-000196e0: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing them... \n-000196f0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n-00019700: 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 item_font \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 \"par\n+000195c0: 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 rots\", 1 \"parrot\n+000195d0: 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 \" = 1 / 256 of t\n+000195e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+00019600: 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 ull circle. Use\n+00019610: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 values \"xxx deg\n+00019620: 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" or. \n+00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019640: 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" \n+00019650: 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 to set the angle\n+00019660: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019680: 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 degrees... ...\n+00019690: 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c boot_menu Displ\n+000196a0: 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ays the GRUB boo\n+000196b0: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f t menu. It allo\n+000196c0: 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 ws selecting ite\n+000196d0: 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 ms. and exec\n+000196e0: 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting them... \n+000196f0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n+00019700: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 item_font \n 00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019720: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n-00019730: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 for the menu ite\n-00019740: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+00019720: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n+00019730: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 e for the menu i\n+00019740: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 titles.. \n-00019770: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f selected_item_\n-00019780: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00019790: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n-000197a0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n-000197b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 titles.. \n+00019770: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n+00019780: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_font \n+00019790: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n+000197a0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n+000197b0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f menu item, o\n-000197e0: 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 r \"inherit\" (the\n-000197f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n+000197e0: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n+000197f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 default) to \n-00019820: 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 use \"item_font\" \n-00019830: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n+00019820: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 o use \"item_font\n+00019830: 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 the selec\n-00019860: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 ted menu item as\n-00019870: 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d well.. item\n-00019880: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f The co\n-000198a0: 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 lor to use for t\n-000198b0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 he menu item. \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c the sel\n+00019860: 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 ected menu item \n+00019870: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 as well.. it\n+00019880: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+000198a0: 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 color to use for\n+000198b0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n 000198c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c titles.. sel\n-000198f0: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 ected_item_color\n-00019900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 The c\n-00019910: 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 olor to use for \n-00019920: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 the selected. \n+000198e0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n+000198f0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c elected_item_col\n+00019900: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 or The\n+00019910: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f color to use fo\n+00019920: 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 r the selected. \n 00019930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 menu item, or \"i\n-00019960: 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 nherit\" (the. \n+00019950: 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 menu item, or \n+00019960: 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 \"inherit\" (the. \n 00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 default) to use \n-000199a0: 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 \"item_color\" for\n-000199b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019990: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 default) to us\n+000199a0: 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 e \"item_color\" f\n+000199b0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 the selected\n-000199e0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 menu item as we\n-000199f0: 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 ll.. icon_wi\n-00019a00: 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 The width\n-00019a20: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n-00019a30: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ons.. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 the select\n+000199e0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 ed menu item as \n+000199f0: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f well.. icon_\n+00019a00: 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 The wid\n+00019a20: 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 th of menu item \n+00019a30: 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 icons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 Icons ar\n-00019a60: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e scaled to the \n-00019a70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 specified. \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 Icons \n+00019a60: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 are scaled to th\n+00019a70: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 e specified. \n 00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a siz\n-00019aa0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 e.. icon_hei\n-00019ab0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 The height\n-00019ad0: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n-00019ae0: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 ons.. item_h\n-00019af0: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 The heig\n-00019b10: 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 ht of each menu \n-00019b20: 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 item in. \n+00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00019aa0: 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 ize.. icon_h\n+00019ab0: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 The heig\n+00019ad0: 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 ht of menu item \n+00019ae0: 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d icons.. item\n+00019af0: 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 _height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 The he\n+00019b10: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e ight of each men\n+00019b20: 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 u item in. \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-00019b50: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 s.. item_pad\n-00019b60: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 The amount\n-00019b80: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 of space in pix\n-00019b90: 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 els to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+00019b50: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 els.. item_p\n+00019b60: 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 adding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 The amou\n+00019b80: 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 nt of space in p\n+00019b90: 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ixels to. \n 00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 leave \n-00019bc0: 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 on each side of \n-00019bd0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the menu. \n+00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 leav\n+00019bc0: 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f e on each side o\n+00019bd0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 f the menu. \n 00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d item\n-00019c00: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 contents.. \n-00019c10: 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 item_icon_space \n-00019c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019c30: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e space between \n-00019c40: 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 an item's icon. \n-00019c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 it\n+00019c00: 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 em contents.. \n+00019c10: 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 item_icon_spac\n+00019c20: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00019c30: 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 The space betwee\n+00019c40: 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e n an item's icon\n+00019c50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 and the title \n-00019c80: 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e text, in pixels.\n-00019c90: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 . item_spaci\n-00019ca0: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f The amount o\n-00019cc0: 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 f space to leave\n-00019cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c and the titl\n+00019c80: 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c e text, in pixel\n+00019c90: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 s.. item_spa\n+00019ca0: 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 The amount\n+00019cc0: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 of space to lea\n+00019cd0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 between menu\n-00019d00: 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c items, in pixel\n-00019d10: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 s.. menu_pix\n-00019d20: 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 map_style \n-00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 The image \n-00019d40: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n-00019d50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 between me\n+00019d00: 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 nu items, in pix\n+00019d10: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 els.. menu_p\n+00019d20: 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 ixmap_style \n+00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 The imag\n+00019d40: 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 e file pattern f\n+00019d50: 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or the. \n 00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 menu fra\n-00019d80: 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 me styled box. \n-00019d90: 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 menu f\n+00019d80: 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e rame styled box.\n+00019d90: 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 Example:. \n 00019da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e \"men\n-00019dc0: 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 u_*.png\" (this w\n-00019dd0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 ill use images. \n-00019de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d \"m\n+00019dc0: 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 enu_*.png\" (this\n+00019dd0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 will use images\n+00019de0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f such as \"menu_\n-00019e10: 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 c.png\",. \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e such as \"men\n+00019e10: 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 u_c.png\",. \n 00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 \"menu\n-00019e40: 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e _w.png\", 'menu_n\n-00019e50: 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 w.png\", etc.). \n-00019e60: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 item_pixmap_s\n-00019e70: 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tyle \n-00019e80: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n-00019e90: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n-00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 \"me\n+00019e40: 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 nu_w.png\", 'menu\n+00019e50: 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a _nw.png\", etc.).\n+00019e60: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 item_pixmap\n+00019e70: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _style \n+00019e80: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+00019e90: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00019ea0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 item styled b\n-00019ed0: 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 ox.. selecte\n-00019ee0: 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 d_item_pixmap_st\n-00019ef0: 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 yle The image\n-00019f00: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-00019f10: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 item styled\n+00019ed0: 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 box.. selec\n+00019ee0: 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f ted_item_pixmap_\n+00019ef0: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 style The ima\n+00019f00: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n+00019f10: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 selecte\n-00019f40: 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 d item highlight\n-00019f50: 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 styled. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 selec\n+00019f40: 7465 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 ted item highlig\n+00019f50: 6874 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 ht styled. \n 00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a box..\n-00019f80: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 scrollbar \n+00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 box\n+00019f80: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n 00019f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fa0: 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 Boolean value\n-00019fb0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 indicating whet\n-00019fc0: 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 her. \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c Boolean val\n+00019fb0: 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 ue indicating wh\n+00019fc0: 6574 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ether. \n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c the scrol\n-00019ff0: 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 l bar should be \n-0001a000: 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drawn if. \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n+00019ff0: 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 oll bar should b\n+0001a000: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 e drawn if. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-0001a030: 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 frame and thumb \n-0001a040: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 styled boxes. \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+0001a030: 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d e frame and thum\n+0001a040: 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 b styled boxes. \n 0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a are configured..\n-0001a080: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 scrollbar_f\n-0001a090: 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n-0001a0b0: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n-0001a0c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a070: 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 are configured\n+0001a080: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n+0001a090: 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _frame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n+0001a0b0: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n+0001a0c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f entire scro\n-0001a0f0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ll bar. Example\n-0001a100: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 entire sc\n+0001a0f0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 roll bar. Examp\n+0001a100: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n-0001a130: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n-0001a140: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 llbar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d The im\n-0001a160: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e age file pattern\n-0001a170: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001a130: 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 r_*.png\". sc\n+0001a140: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 rollbar_thumb \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+0001a160: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n+0001a170: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n-0001a1a0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 ll bar thumb (th\n-0001a1b0: 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 e part of the. \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+0001a1a0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 roll bar thumb (\n+0001a1b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a the part of the.\n 0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 scroll bar that\n-0001a1f0: 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c moves as scroll\n-0001a200: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 scroll bar th\n+0001a1f0: 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f at moves as scro\n+0001a200: 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 occurs). \n-0001a230: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 occurs)\n+0001a230: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 . Example:. \n 0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n-0001a260: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e rollbar_thumb_*.\n-0001a270: 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c png\". scroll\n-0001a280: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 bar_thumb_overla\n-0001a290: 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 y If this \n-0001a2a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-0001a2b0: 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"true\". \n+0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001a260: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n+0001a270: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n+0001a280: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 llbar_thumb_over\n+0001a290: 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 lay If thi\n+0001a2a0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0001a2b0: 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 to \"true\". \n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 then \n-0001a2e0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 the scrollbar th\n-0001a2f0: 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 umb side. \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001a2e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 n the scrollbar \n+0001a2f0: 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 thumb side. \n 0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 slic\n-0001a320: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n-0001a330: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 except the. \n+0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c sl\n+0001a320: 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 ices (every slic\n+0001a330: 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e except the. \n 0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 ce\n-0001a360: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c nter slice) will\n-0001a370: 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 overlay the. \n+0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a360: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 center slice) wi\n+0001a370: 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 ll overlay the. \n 0001a380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 scrollbar frame \n-0001a3b0: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n-0001a3c0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d scrollbar fram\n+0001a3b0: 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 e side slices. \n+0001a3c0: 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n-0001a3f0: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 the cente\n+0001a3f0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n 0001a400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n-0001a430: 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 can move all the\n-0001a440: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a420: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n+0001a430: 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 b can move all t\n+0001a440: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f way (from to\n-0001a470: 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 p to bottom), be\n-0001a480: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 way (from \n+0001a470: 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 top to bottom), \n+0001a480: 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 being. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 drawn on \n-0001a4b0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-0001a4c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f drawn o\n+0001a4b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n+0001a4c0: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-0001a4f0: 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 lbar frame. Tha\n-0001a500: 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 t way we can. \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+0001a4f0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 ollbar frame. T\n+0001a500: 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 hat way we can. \n 0001a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 make a scrollbar\n-0001a540: 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 with round-shap\n-0001a550: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+0001a530: 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 make a scrollb\n+0001a540: 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 ar with round-sh\n+0001a550: 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 aped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 edges so t\n-0001a580: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n-0001a590: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f edges so\n+0001a580: 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 there won't be \n+0001a590: 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 space fr\n-0001a5c0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 om the thumb to \n-0001a5d0: 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 the frame. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 space \n+0001a5c0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 from the thumb t\n+0001a5d0: 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 o the frame. \n 0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n-0001a600: 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 top and bottom s\n-0001a610: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 crollbar. \n+0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+0001a600: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d n top and bottom\n+0001a610: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n 0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 posi\n-0001a640: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 tions. Default \n-0001a650: 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"false\".. \n-0001a660: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 scrollbar_slice\n-0001a670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-0001a680: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 he menu frame st\n-0001a690: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 yled box's slice\n-0001a6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f po\n+0001a640: 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c sitions. Defaul\n+0001a650: 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 t is \"false\".. \n+0001a660: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 scrollbar_sli\n+0001a670: 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce \n+0001a680: 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 The menu frame \n+0001a690: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 styled box's sli\n+0001a6a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 in which the\n-0001a6d0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n-0001a6e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 in which t\n+0001a6d0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c he scrollbar wil\n+0001a6e0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f drawn. Po\n-0001a710: 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 ssible values ar\n-0001a720: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 drawn. \n+0001a710: 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 Possible values \n+0001a720: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 \"west\", \"ce\n-0001a750: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 nter\", \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 \"west\", \"\n+0001a750: 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a center\", \"east\".\n 0001a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 (default). \"we\n-0001a790: 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c st\" - the scroll\n-0001a7a0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 (default). \"\n+0001a790: 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f west\" - the scro\n+0001a7a0: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 will be d\n-0001a7d0: 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 rawn in the west\n-0001a7e0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n+0001a7d0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 drawn in the we\n+0001a7e0: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 st slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 (right\n-0001a810: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 -aligned). \"eas\n-0001a820: 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t\" - the. \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 (rig\n+0001a810: 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 ht-aligned). \"e\n+0001a820: 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ast\" - the. \n 0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n-0001a850: 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 llbar will be dr\n-0001a860: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn in the. \n+0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+0001a850: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rollbar will be \n+0001a860: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 drawn in the. \n 0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 ea\n-0001a890: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 st slice (left-a\n-0001a8a0: 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ligned).. \n+0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 east slice (left\n+0001a8a0: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 -aligned).. \n 0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e \"cen\n-0001a8d0: 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c ter\" - the scrol\n-0001a8e0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lbar will be. \n+0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n+0001a8d0: 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 enter\" - the scr\n+0001a8e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n 0001a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e drawn in the cen\n-0001a920: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 ter slice. Note\n-0001a930: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+0001a910: 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 drawn in the c\n+0001a920: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f enter slice. No\n+0001a930: 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 in case of \n-0001a960: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 \"center\" slice: \n-0001a970: 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a) If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f in case o\n+0001a960: 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 f \"center\" slice\n+0001a970: 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 : a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n-0001a9a0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ollbar should be\n-0001a9b0: 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 drawn then. \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+0001a9a0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 crollbar should \n+0001a9b0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 be drawn then. \n 0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0001a9e0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 oot menu entry's\n-0001a9f0: 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 width is. \n+0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 boot menu entry\n+0001a9f0: 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 's width is. \n 0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 dec\n-0001aa20: 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 reased by the sc\n-0001aa30: 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a rollbar's width.\n-0001aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0001aa20: 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ecreased by the \n+0001aa30: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 scrollbar's widt\n+0001aa40: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c and the scrol\n-0001aa70: 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 lbar is drawn at\n-0001aa80: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 and the scr\n+0001aa70: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 ollbar is drawn \n+0001aa80: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 at the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 right si\n-0001aab0: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 de of the center\n-0001aac0: 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 right \n+0001aab0: 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 side of the cent\n+0001aac0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 er slice.. \n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 b) If\n-0001aaf0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001ab00: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 on't be drawn. \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 b) \n+0001aaf0: 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 If the scrollbar\n+0001ab00: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a won't be drawn.\n 0001ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d then the boot m\n-0001ab40: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 enu entry's widt\n-0001ab50: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 then the boot\n+0001ab40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n+0001ab50: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 is the widt\n-0001ab80: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 h of the center \n-0001ab90: 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 is the wi\n+0001ab80: 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 dth of the cente\n+0001ab90: 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 c) We \n-0001abc0: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 don't necessary \n-0001abd0: 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 need the. \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 c) W\n+0001abc0: 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 e don't necessar\n+0001abd0: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y need the. \n 0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n-0001ac00: 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 pixmap box to d\n-0001ac10: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 isplay the. \n+0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n+0001ac00: 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f nu pixmap box to\n+0001ac10: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 display the. \n 0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001ac40: 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 rollbar.. sc\n-0001ac50: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 rollbar_left_pad\n-0001ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-0001ac70: 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 left scrollbar p\n-0001ac80: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n+0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar.. \n+0001ac50: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 scrollbar_left_p\n+0001ac60: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ad Th\n+0001ac70: 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 e left scrollbar\n+0001ac80: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n 0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-0001acb0: 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a els. Unused if.\n-0001acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0001acb0: 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 ixels. Unused i\n+0001acc0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c \"scrollbar_sl\n-0001acf0: 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a ice\" is \"west\"..\n-0001ad00: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 scrollbar_r\n-0001ad10: 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 The right scr\n-0001ad30: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n-0001ad40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n+0001acf0: 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 slice\" is \"west\"\n+0001ad00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n+0001ad10: 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 _right_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 The right s\n+0001ad30: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n+0001ad40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e pixels. Un\n-0001ad70: 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 used if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 pixels. \n+0001ad70: 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n-0001ada0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 llbar_slice\" is \n-0001adb0: 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 \"east\".. scr\n-0001adc0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 ollbar_top_pad \n-0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n-0001ade0: 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 op scrollbar pad\n-0001adf0: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n+0001ada0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 rollbar_slice\" i\n+0001adb0: 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 s \"east\".. s\n+0001adc0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 crollbar_top_pad\n+0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+0001ade0: 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 top scrollbar p\n+0001adf0: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001ae20: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 s.. scrollba\n-0001ae30: 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 r_bottom_pad \n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d The bottom\n-0001ae50: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n-0001ae60: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001ae20: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c els.. scroll\n+0001ae30: 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 bar_bottom_pad \n+0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 The bott\n+0001ae50: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 om scrollbar pad\n+0001ae60: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-0001ae90: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 . visible \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n+0001ae90: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 s.. visible \n 0001aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 Set to \"fals\n-0001aec0: 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 e\" to hide the b\n-0001aed0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 Set to \"fa\n+0001aec0: 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 lse\" to hide the\n+0001aed0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 menu... \n-0001af00: 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 ... canvas Canv\n-0001af10: 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 as is a containe\n-0001af20: 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 r that allows ma\n-0001af30: 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f nual placement o\n-0001af40: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f. component\n-0001af50: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 s within it. It\n-0001af60: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 does not alter \n-0001af70: 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 the positions of\n-0001af80: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 its child. \n-0001af90: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 components. It \n-0001afa0: 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c assigns all chil\n-0001afb0: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 d components the\n-0001afc0: 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a ir preferred siz\n-0001afd0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 es... ... hbox\n-0001afe0: 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 The *hbox* cont\n-0001aff0: 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 ainer lays out i\n-0001b000: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d ts children from\n-0001b010: 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a left to right,.\n-0001b020: 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 giving each\n-0001b030: 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 one its preferr\n-0001b040: 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 ed width. The h\n-0001b050: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 eight of each ch\n-0001b060: 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ild is. set \n-0001b070: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f to the maximum o\n-0001b080: 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 f the preferred \n-0001b090: 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 heights of all c\n-0001b0a0: 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 hildren... ...\n-0001b0b0: 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a vbox The *vbox*\n-0001b0c0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 container lays \n-0001b0d0: 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e out its children\n-0001b0e0: 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 from top to bot\n-0001b0f0: 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 tom,. giving\n-0001b100: 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 each one its pr\n-0001b110: 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 eferred height. \n-0001b120: 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 The width of ea\n-0001b130: 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 ch child is. \n-0001b140: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 set to the maxi\n-0001b150: 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 mum of the prefe\n-0001b160: 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 rred widths of a\n-0001b170: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e ll children...7.\n-0001b180: 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 3.6 Common prope\n-0001b190: 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rties.----------\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-0001b1b0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f he following pro\n-0001b1c0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 perties are supp\n-0001b1d0: 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d orted by all com\n-0001b1e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 ponents:....left\n-0001b1f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 .... 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The ide\n+0001b3c0: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 ntifier for the \n+0001b3d0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 component. This\n+0001b3e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 can be any arbi\n+0001b3f0: 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e trary. strin\n+0001b400: 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 g. The ID can b\n+0001b410: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 e used by script\n+0001b420: 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 s to refer to va\n+0001b430: 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f rious. compo\n+0001b440: 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 nents in the GUI\n+0001b450: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e component tree.\n+0001b460: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 Currently, the\n+0001b470: 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 re is one. s\n+0001b480: 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 pecial ID value \n+0001b490: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e that GRUB recogn\n+0001b4a0: 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 izes:.. \"__t\n+0001b4b0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f imeout__\" Compo\n+0001b4c0: 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 nent with this I\n+0001b4d0: 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 D will be update\n+0001b4e0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 d by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+0001b500: 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 d will indicate \n+0001b510: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 time elapsed to \n+0001b520: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 an automatical. \n 0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n-0001b550: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 ault entry. Aff\n-0001b560: 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ected components\n-0001b570: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 \"label\", \"\n-0001b590: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n-0001b5a0: 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 s\", \"progress_ba\n-0001b5b0: 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 r\".....File: gru\n-0001b5c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n-0001b5d0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 etwork, Next: S\n-0001b5e0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n-0001b5f0: 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Prev: Theme fil\n-0001b600: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 e format, Up: T\n-0001b610: 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 op..8 Booting GR\n-0001b620: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 UB from the netw\n-0001b630: 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ork.************\n+0001b540: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 boot of the d\n+0001b550: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 efault entry. A\n+0001b560: 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ffected componen\n+0001b570: 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c \"label\",\n+0001b590: 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 \"circular_progr\n+0001b5a0: 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f ess\", \"progress_\n+0001b5b0: 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bar\".....File: g\n+0001b5c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001b5d0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a Network, Next:\n+0001b5e0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n+0001b5f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Prev: Theme f\n+0001b600: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a ile format, Up:\n+0001b610: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 Top..8 Booting \n+0001b620: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 GRUB from the ne\n+0001b630: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a twork.**********\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ***..The followi\n-0001b660: 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 ng instructions \n-0001b670: 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a don't work for *\n-0001b680: 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c -emu, i386-qemu,\n-0001b690: 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 .i386-coreboot, \n-0001b6a0: 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-multiboot, \n-0001b6b0: 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d mips_loongson, m\n-0001b6c0: 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 ips-arc and.mips\n-0001b6d0: 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 _qemu_mips.. T\n-0001b6e0: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 o generate a net\n-0001b6f0: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f bootable directo\n-0001b700: 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ry, run:.. g\n-0001b710: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e rub-mknetdir --n\n-0001b720: 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 et-directory=/sr\n-0001b730: 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d v/tftp --subdir=\n-0001b740: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 /boot/grub -d /u\n-0001b750: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 sr/lib/grub/.. E.g. \n-0001b770: 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 for i386-pc:.. \n-0001b780: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 grub-mknetdi\n-0001b790: 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 r --net-director\n-0001b7a0: 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 y=/srv/tftp --su\n-0001b7b0: 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 bdir=/boot/grub \n-0001b7c0: 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 -d /usr/lib/grub\n-0001b7d0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 /i386-pc.. The\n-0001b7e0: 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 n follow instruc\n-0001b7f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 tions printed ou\n-0001b800: 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 t by grub-mknetd\n-0001b810: 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e ir on configurin\n-0001b820: 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 g.your DHCP serv\n-0001b830: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 er... The grub\n-0001b840: 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 .cfg file is pla\n-0001b850: 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ced in the same \n-0001b860: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 directory as the\n-0001b870: 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 path output.by \n-0001b880: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 grub-mknetdir he\n-0001b890: 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 reafter referred\n-0001b8a0: 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 to as FWPATH. G\n-0001b8b0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 RUB will search \n-0001b8c0: 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 for.its configur\n-0001b8d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f ation files in o\n-0001b8e0: 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 rder using the f\n-0001b8f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 ollowing rules w\n-0001b900: 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 here the.appende\n-0001b910: 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f d value correspo\n-0001b920: 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f nds to a value o\n-0001b930: 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 n the client mac\n-0001b940: 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 hine... ...(\n-0001b950: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001b960: 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 cfg-...(UUID OF \n-0001b970: 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 MACHINE).... \n-0001b980: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001b990: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 grub.cfg-...(MAC\n-0001b9a0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 ADDRESS OF NIC)\n-0001b9b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n-0001b9c0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001b9d0: 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 -...(IPv4 OR IPv\n-0001b9e0: 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 6 ADDRESS).... \n-0001b9f0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001ba00: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 ./grub.cfg.. T\n-0001ba10: 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 he UUID is the C\n-0001ba20: 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 lient Machine Id\n-0001ba30: 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 entifier Option \n-0001ba40: 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 Definition as.sp\n-0001ba50: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 ecified in RFC 4\n-0001ba60: 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 578. The client\n-0001ba70: 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d will only attem\n-0001ba80: 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 pt to loouk up a\n-0001ba90: 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c UUID.config fil\n-0001baa0: 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 e if it was prov\n-0001bab0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 ided by the DHCP\n-0001bac0: 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 server... The\n-0001bad0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n-0001bae0: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n-0001baf0: 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 k up an IPv6 add\n-0001bb00: 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 ress config once\n-0001bb10: 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 ,.however, it wi\n-0001bb20: 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 ll try the IPv4 \n-0001bb30: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 multiple times. \n-0001bb40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 The concrete ex\n-0001bb50: 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 ample.below show\n-0001bb60: 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 s what would hap\n-0001bb70: 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 pen under the IP\n-0001bb80: 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 v4 case... U\n-0001bb90: 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 UID: 7726a678-7f\n-0001bba0: 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 c0-4853-a4f6-c85\n-0001bbb0: 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d ac36a120a. M\n-0001bbc0: 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 AC: 52:54:00:ec\n-0001bbd0: 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 :33:81. IPV4\n-0001bbe0: 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 : 10.0.0.130 (0A\n-0001bbf0: 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 000082).. ..\n-0001bc00: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bc10: 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 b.cfg-7726a678-7\n-0001bc20: 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 fc0-4853-a4f6-c8\n-0001bc30: 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 5ac36a120a. \n-0001bc40: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bc50: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 rub.cfg-52-54-00\n-0001bc60: 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 -ec-33-81. .\n-0001bc70: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001bc80: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a ub.cfg-0A000082.\n-0001bc90: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bca0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bcb0: 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0008. ...(FW\n-0001bcc0: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bcd0: 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 g-0A0000. ..\n-0001bce0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bcf0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 b.cfg-0A000. \n-0001bd00: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bd10: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 grub.cfg-0A00. \n-0001bd20: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bd30: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 ./grub.cfg-0A0. \n-0001bd40: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bd50: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 ../grub.cfg-0A. \n-0001bd60: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bd70: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 ../grub.cfg-0. \n-0001bd80: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bd90: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 ./grub.cfg.. T\n-0001bda0: 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 his feature is e\n-0001bdb0: 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c nabled by defaul\n-0001bdc0: 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 t but it can be \n-0001bdd0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 disabled by sett\n-0001bde0: 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 ing.the ...featu\n-0001bdf0: 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 re_net_search_cf\n-0001be00: 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e g... to ...n....\n-0001be10: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 Since this hap\n-0001be20: 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a pens before the.\n-0001be30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0001be40: 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 le is read by GR\n-0001be50: 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 UB, this option \n-0001be60: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c has to be disabl\n-0001be70: 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 ed in an.embedde\n-0001be80: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n-0001be90: 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 file (*note Embe\n-0001bea0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-0001beb0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 on::)... After\n-0001bec0: 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 GRUB has starte\n-0001bed0: 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 d, files on the \n-0001bee0: 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c TFTP server will\n-0001bef0: 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 be accessible.v\n-0001bf00: 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 ia the ...(tftp)\n-0001bf10: e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ... device... \n-0001bf20: 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 The server IP ad\n-0001bf30: 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e dress can be con\n-0001bf40: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 trolled by chang\n-0001bf50: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 ing the ...(tftp\n-0001bf60: 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 )....device name\n-0001bf70: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 to ...(tftp,SER\n-0001bf80: 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 VER-IP).... Not\n-0001bf90: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 e that this shou\n-0001bfa0: 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f ld be changed.bo\n-0001bfb0: 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 th in the prefix\n-0001bfc0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 and in any refe\n-0001bfd0: 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 rences to the de\n-0001bfe0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 vice name in the\n-0001bff0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n-0001c000: 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 ile... GRUB pr\n-0001c010: 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 ovides several e\n-0001c020: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0001c030: 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 bles which may b\n-0001c040: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 e used to.inspec\n-0001c050: 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 t or change the \n-0001c060: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 behaviour of the\n-0001c070: 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e PXE device. In\n-0001c080: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 the following.d\n-0001c090: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 escription is placeh\n-0001c0b0: 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 older for the na\n-0001c0c0: 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e me of network in\n-0001c0d0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 terface.(platfor\n-0001c0e0: 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 m dependent):...\n-0001c0f0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__ip.... The\n-0001c110: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c120: 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e ce's IP address.\n-0001c130: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n-0001c140: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c150: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 _mac.... The\n-0001c160: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c170: 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 ce's MAC address\n-0001c180: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 . Read-only....\n-0001c190: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientid.... \n-0001c1b0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 The client id\n-0001c1c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001c1d0: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n-0001c1e0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientuuid....\n-0001c200: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n-0001c210: 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 uuid provided by\n-0001c220: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c230: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__hostname..\n-0001c250: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n-0001c260: 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 t host name prov\n-0001c270: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n-0001c280: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c290: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-0001c2a0: 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ain.... The \n-0001c2b0: 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 client domain na\n-0001c2c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n-0001c2d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n-0001c2e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__rootpath....\n-0001c300: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f The path to\n-0001c310: 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f the client's ro\n-0001c320: 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ot disk provided\n-0001c330: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n-0001c340: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__extensi\n-0001c360: 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 onspath.... \n-0001c370: 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 The path to addi\n-0001c380: 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 tional DHCP vend\n-0001c390: 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 or extensions pr\n-0001c3a0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a ovided by DHCP..\n-0001c3b0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n-0001c3c0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__boot_file...\n-0001c3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 . The boot f\n-0001c3f0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ile name provide\n-0001c400: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c410: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__dhcp_s\n-0001c430: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 erver_name.... \n-0001c440: 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 The name of t\n-0001c450: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 he DHCP server r\n-0001c460: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 esponsible for t\n-0001c470: 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 hese boot parame\n-0001c480: 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d ters.. Read-\n-0001c490: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__next_s\n-0001c4b0: 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 erver.... Th\n-0001c4c0: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 e IP address of \n-0001c4d0: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c the next (usuall\n-0001c4e0: 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 y, TFTP) server \n-0001c4f0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c500: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n-0001c510: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c ......net_defaul\n-0001c520: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 t_interface.... \n-0001c530: 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 Initially se\n-0001c540: 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 t to name of net\n-0001c550: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 work interface t\n-0001c560: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 hat was used to \n-0001c570: 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 load. grub. \n-0001c580: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n-0001c590: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 hough setting it\n-0001c5a0: 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e affects only in\n-0001c5b0: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 terpretation. \n-0001c5c0: 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 of ...net_defa\n-0001c5d0: 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ult_ip... and ..\n-0001c5e0: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 .net_default_mac\n-0001c5f0: e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n-0001c600: 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ult_ip.... T\n-0001c610: 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 he IP address of\n-0001c620: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 default interfa\n-0001c630: 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ce. Read-only. \n-0001c640: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n-0001c650: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n-0001c660: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n-0001c670: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 _interface}_ip..\n-0001c680: 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .......net_defau\n-0001c690: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 lt_mac.... T\n-0001c6a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 he default inter\n-0001c6b0: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n-0001c6c0: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ss. Read-only. \n-0001c6d0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n-0001c6e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n-0001c6f0: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n-0001c700: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 _interface}_mac.\n-0001c710: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n-0001c720: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 ult_server.... \n-0001c730: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 The default s\n-0001c740: 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 erver used by ne\n-0001c750: 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e twork drives (*n\n-0001c760: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 ote Device synta\n-0001c770: 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d x::).. Read-\n-0001c780: 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 write, although \n-0001c790: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 setting this is \n-0001c7a0: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f only useful befo\n-0001c7b0: 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 re opening a. \n-0001c7c0: 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 network device\n-0001c7d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0001c7e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 info, Node: Ser\n-0001c7f0: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e ial terminal, N\n-0001c800: 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ext: Vendor powe\n-0001c810: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 r-on keys, Prev\n-0001c820: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 : Network, Up: \n-0001c830: 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 Top..9 Using GRU\n-0001c840: 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c B via a serial l\n-0001c850: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ine.************\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f *****..The follo\n+0001b660: 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e wing instruction\n+0001b670: 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 s don't work for\n+0001b680: 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d *-emu, i386-qem\n+0001b690: 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 u,.i386-coreboot\n+0001b6a0: 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 , i386-multiboot\n+0001b6b0: 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c , mips_loongson,\n+0001b6c0: 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 mips-arc and.mi\n+0001b6d0: 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 ps_qemu_mips.. \n+0001b6e0: 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e To generate a n\n+0001b6f0: 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 etbootable direc\n+0001b700: 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 tory, run:.. \n+0001b710: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d grub-mknetdir -\n+0001b720: 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f -net-directory=/\n+0001b730: 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 srv/tftp --subdi\n+0001b740: 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 r=/boot/grub -d \n+0001b750: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 /usr/lib/grub/.. E.g\n+0001b770: 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a . for i386-pc:.\n+0001b780: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 . grub-mknet\n+0001b790: 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 dir --net-direct\n+0001b7a0: 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d ory=/srv/tftp --\n+0001b7b0: 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 subdir=/boot/gru\n+0001b7c0: 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 b -d /usr/lib/gr\n+0001b7d0: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 ub/i386-pc.. T\n+0001b7e0: 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 hen follow instr\n+0001b7f0: 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 uctions printed \n+0001b800: 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 out by grub-mkne\n+0001b810: 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 tdir on configur\n+0001b820: 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 ing.your DHCP se\n+0001b830: 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 rver... The gr\n+0001b840: 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 ub.cfg file is p\n+0001b850: 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d laced in the sam\n+0001b860: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 e directory as t\n+0001b870: 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 he path output.b\n+0001b880: 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 y grub-mknetdir \n+0001b890: 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 hereafter referr\n+0001b8a0: 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e ed to as FWPATH.\n+0001b8b0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 GRUB will searc\n+0001b8c0: 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 h for.its config\n+0001b8d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e uration files in\n+0001b8e0: 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 order using the\n+0001b8f0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 following rules\n+0001b900: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e where the.appen\n+0001b910: 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 ded value corres\n+0001b920: 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 ponds to a value\n+0001b930: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d on the client m\n+0001b940: 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 achine... ..\n+0001b950: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001b960: 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f b.cfg-...(UUID O\n+0001b970: 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 F MACHINE).... \n+0001b980: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001b990: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d ./grub.cfg-...(M\n+0001b9a0: 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 AC ADDRESS OF NI\n+0001b9b0: 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 C).... ...(F\n+0001b9c0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001b9d0: 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 fg-...(IPv4 OR I\n+0001b9e0: 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a Pv6 ADDRESS)....\n+0001b9f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001ba00: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n+0001ba10: 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 The UUID is the\n+0001ba20: 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 Client Machine \n+0001ba30: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f Identifier Optio\n+0001ba40: 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a n Definition as.\n+0001ba50: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 specified in RFC\n+0001ba60: 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 4578. The clie\n+0001ba70: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 nt will only att\n+0001ba80: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 empt to loouk up\n+0001ba90: 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 a UUID.config f\n+0001baa0: 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 ile if it was pr\n+0001bab0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 ovided by the DH\n+0001bac0: 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 CP server... T\n+0001bad0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f he client will o\n+0001bae0: 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c nly attempt to l\n+0001baf0: 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 ook up an IPv6 a\n+0001bb00: 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e ddress config on\n+0001bb10: 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 ce,.however, it \n+0001bb20: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 will try the IPv\n+0001bb30: 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 4 multiple times\n+0001bb40: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 . The concrete \n+0001bb50: 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 example.below sh\n+0001bb60: 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 ows what would h\n+0001bb70: 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 appen under the \n+0001bb80: 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 IPv4 case... \n+0001bb90: 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d UUID: 7726a678-\n+0001bba0: 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 7fc0-4853-a4f6-c\n+0001bbb0: 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 85ac36a120a. \n+0001bbc0: 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a MAC: 52:54:00:\n+0001bbd0: 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 ec:33:81. IP\n+0001bbe0: 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 V4: 10.0.0.130 (\n+0001bbf0: 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 0A000082).. \n+0001bc00: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bc10: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 rub.cfg-7726a678\n+0001bc20: 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d -7fc0-4853-a4f6-\n+0001bc30: 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 c85ac36a120a. \n+0001bc40: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n+0001bc50: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d /grub.cfg-52-54-\n+0001bc60: 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 00-ec-33-81. \n+0001bc70: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bc80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n+0001bc90: 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 2. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bca0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n+0001bcb0: 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 A00008. ...(\n+0001bcc0: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bcd0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 cfg-0A0000. \n+0001bce0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bcf0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 rub.cfg-0A000. \n+0001bd00: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001bd10: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a ./grub.cfg-0A00.\n+0001bd20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bd30: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bd40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bd50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bd60: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bd70: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a ).../grub.cfg-0.\n+0001bd80: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bd90: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 .../grub.cfg.. \n+0001bda0: 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 This feature is\n+0001bdb0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 enabled by defa\n+0001bdc0: 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 ult but it can b\n+0001bdd0: 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 e disabled by se\n+0001bde0: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 tting.the ...fea\n+0001bdf0: 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f ture_net_search_\n+0001be00: 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 cfg... to ...n..\n+0001be10: 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 .. Since this h\n+0001be20: 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 appens before th\n+0001be30: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e.configuration \n+0001be40: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 file is read by \n+0001be50: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f GRUB, this optio\n+0001be60: 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 n has to be disa\n+0001be70: 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 bled in an.embed\n+0001be80: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+0001be90: 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d n file (*note Em\n+0001bea0: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n+0001beb0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 tion::)... Aft\n+0001bec0: 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 er GRUB has star\n+0001bed0: 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 ted, files on th\n+0001bee0: 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 e TFTP server wi\n+0001bef0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 ll be accessible\n+0001bf00: 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 .via the ...(tft\n+0001bf10: 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 p)... device... \n+0001bf20: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 The server IP \n+0001bf30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 address can be c\n+0001bf40: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 ontrolled by cha\n+0001bf50: 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 nging the ...(tf\n+0001bf60: 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 tp)....device na\n+0001bf70: 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 me to ...(tftp,S\n+0001bf80: 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e ERVER-IP).... N\n+0001bf90: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 ote that this sh\n+0001bfa0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a ould be changed.\n+0001bfb0: 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 both in the pref\n+0001bfc0: 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 ix and in any re\n+0001bfd0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ferences to the \n+0001bfe0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 device name in t\n+0001bff0: 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he.configuration\n+0001c000: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 file... GRUB \n+0001c010: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c provides several\n+0001c020: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0001c030: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 iables which may\n+0001c040: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 be used to.insp\n+0001c050: 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 ect or change th\n+0001c060: 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 e behaviour of t\n+0001c070: 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 he PXE device. \n+0001c080: 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 In the following\n+0001c090: 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e .description is plac\n+0001c0b0: 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 eholder for the \n+0001c0c0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n+0001c0d0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 interface.(platf\n+0001c0e0: 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a orm dependent):.\n+0001c0f0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__ip.... T\n+0001c110: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n+0001c120: 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 face's IP addres\n+0001c130: 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a s. Read-only...\n+0001c140: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__mac.... T\n+0001c160: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 he network inter\n+0001c170: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n+0001c180: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a ss. Read-only..\n+0001c190: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientid....\n+0001c1b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n+0001c1c0: 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 id provided by D\n+0001c1d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001c1e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__clientuuid..\n+0001c200: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n+0001c210: 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t uuid provided \n+0001c220: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001c230: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__hostname\n+0001c250: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n+0001c260: 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 ent host name pr\n+0001c270: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n+0001c280: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n+0001c290: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0001c2a0: 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 omain.... Th\n+0001c2b0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 e client domain \n+0001c2c0: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n+0001c2d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c2e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__rootpath..\n+0001c300: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 .. The path \n+0001c310: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 to the client's \n+0001c320: 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 root disk provid\n+0001c330: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n+0001c340: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n+0001c350: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+0001c360: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 sionspath.... \n+0001c370: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 The path to ad\n+0001c380: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 ditional DHCP ve\n+0001c390: 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 ndor extensions \n+0001c3a0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c3b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c3c0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__boot_file.\n+0001c3e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 ... The boot\n+0001c3f0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 file name provi\n+0001c400: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n+0001c410: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c420: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n+0001c430: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a _server_name....\n+0001c440: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The name of\n+0001c450: 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 the DHCP server\n+0001c460: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n+0001c470: 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 these boot para\n+0001c480: 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 meters.. Rea\n+0001c490: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c4a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+0001c4b0: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _server.... \n+0001c4c0: 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f The IP address o\n+0001c4d0: 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 f the next (usua\n+0001c4e0: 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 lly, TFTP) serve\n+0001c4f0: 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 r provided by DH\n+0001c500: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n+0001c510: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ly......net_defa\n+0001c520: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 ult_interface...\n+0001c530: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 . Initially \n+0001c540: 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e set to name of n\n+0001c550: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n+0001c560: 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 that was used t\n+0001c570: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 o load. grub\n+0001c580: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 . Read-write, a\n+0001c590: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 lthough setting \n+0001c5a0: 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 it affects only \n+0001c5b0: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 interpretation. \n+0001c5c0: 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 of ...net_de\n+0001c5d0: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 fault_ip... and \n+0001c5e0: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n+0001c5f0: 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 ac........net_de\n+0001c600: 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 fault_ip.... \n+0001c610: 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 The IP address \n+0001c620: 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 of default inter\n+0001c630: 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 face. Read-only\n+0001c640: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n+0001c650: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n+0001c660: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n+0001c670: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 lt_interface}_ip\n+0001c680: e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 .........net_def\n+0001c690: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 ault_mac.... \n+0001c6a0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 The default int\n+0001c6b0: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n+0001c6c0: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n+0001c6d0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 . This is alias\n+0001c6e0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 for. the ..\n+0001c6f0: 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .net_${net_defau\n+0001c700: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 lt_interface}_ma\n+0001c710: 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 c.........net_de\n+0001c720: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a fault_server....\n+0001c730: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0001c740: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 server used by \n+0001c750: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 network drives (\n+0001c760: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e *note Device syn\n+0001c770: 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 tax::).. Rea\n+0001c780: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n+0001c790: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 h setting this i\n+0001c7a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 s only useful be\n+0001c7b0: 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 fore opening a. \n+0001c7c0: 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 network devi\n+0001c7d0: 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ce.....File: gru\n+0001c7e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+0001c7f0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n+0001c800: 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Next: Vendor po\n+0001c810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 wer-on keys, Pr\n+0001c820: 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 ev: Network, Up\n+0001c830: 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 : Top..9 Using G\n+0001c840: 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c RUB via a serial\n+0001c850: 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a line.**********\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 **..This chapter\n-0001c880: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 describes how t\n-0001c890: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c o use the serial\n-0001c8a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n-0001c8b0: 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 t in GRUB... I\n-0001c8c0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 f you have many \n-0001c8d0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d computers or com\n-0001c8e0: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 puters with no d\n-0001c8f0: 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c isplay/keyboard,\n-0001c900: 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 it.could be ver\n-0001c910: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 y useful to cont\n-0001c920: 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 rol the computer\n-0001c930: 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c s through serial\n-0001c940: 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e .communications.\n-0001c950: 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 To connect one\n-0001c960: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 computer with a\n-0001c970: 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 nother via a ser\n-0001c980: 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 ial line,.you ne\n-0001c990: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 ed to prepare a \n-0001c9a0: 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 null-modem (cros\n-0001c9b0: 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c s) serial cable,\n-0001c9c0: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 and you may nee\n-0001c9d0: 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 d.to have multip\n-0001c9e0: 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 ort serial board\n-0001c9f0: 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 s, if your compu\n-0001ca00: 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 ter doesn't have\n-0001ca10: 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f extra.serial po\n-0001ca20: 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f rts. In additio\n-0001ca30: 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d n, a terminal em\n-0001ca40: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 ulator is also r\n-0001ca50: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 equired, such.as\n-0001ca60: 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 minicom. Refer\n-0001ca70: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 to a manual of \n-0001ca80: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n-0001ca90: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ystem, for more.\n-0001caa0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 information... \n-0001cab0: 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 As for GRUB, th\n-0001cac0: 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f e instruction to\n-0001cad0: 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c set up a serial\n-0001cae0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 terminal is qui\n-0001caf0: 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 te.simple. Here\n-0001cb00: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n-0001cb10: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 . grub> seri\n-0001cb20: 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 al --unit=0 --sp\n-0001cb30: 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 eed=9600. gr\n-0001cb40: 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ub> terminal_inp\n-0001cb50: 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 ut serial; termi\n-0001cb60: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 nal_output seria\n-0001cb70: 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e l.. The comman\n-0001cb80: 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 d ...serial... i\n-0001cb90: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 nitializes the s\n-0001cba0: 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 erial unit 0 wit\n-0001cbb0: 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 h the speed.9600\n-0001cbc0: 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c bps. The serial\n-0001cbd0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c unit 0 is usual\n-0001cbe0: 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d ly called ...COM\n-0001cbf0: 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 1..., so, if you\n-0001cc00: 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d want to.use COM\n-0001cc10: 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 2, you must spec\n-0001cc20: 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 ify ...--unit=1.\n-0001cc30: 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 .. instead. Thi\n-0001cc40: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 s command accept\n-0001cc50: 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 s.many other opt\n-0001cc60: 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 ions, *note seri\n-0001cc70: 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 al:: for more de\n-0001cc80: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 tails... The c\n-0001cc90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 6d69 ommands ...termi\n-0001cca0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e nal_input... (*n\n-0001ccb0: 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ote terminal_inp\n-0001ccc0: 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 6572 ut::) and....ter\n-0001ccd0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 minal_output... \n-0001cce0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f (*note terminal_\n-0001ccf0: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 output::) choose\n-0001cd00: 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 which type of.t\n-0001cd10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 erminal you want\n-0001cd20: 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 to use. In the\n-0001cd30: 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 case above, the\n-0001cd40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 terminal will b\n-0001cd50: 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 e a.serial termi\n-0001cd60: 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 616e nal, but you can\n-0001cd70: 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 636f also pass ...co\n-0001cd80: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsole... to the \n-0001cd90: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 9874 command, as....t\n-0001cda0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 erminal_input se\n-0001cdb0: 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 992e rial console....\n-0001cdc0: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c20 In this case, \n-0001cdd0: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 7768 a terminal in wh\n-0001cde0: 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 616e ich you.press an\n-0001cdf0: 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 y key will be se\n-0001ce00: 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 5542 lected as a GRUB\n-0001ce10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 terminal. In t\n-0001ce20: 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 he example.above\n-0001ce30: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 , note that you \n-0001ce40: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f 7468 need to put both\n-0001ce50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 commands on the\n-0001ce60: 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 same command li\n-0001ce70: 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 ne,.as you will \n-0001ce80: 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 lose the ability\n-0001ce90: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 to type command\n-0001cea0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 s on the console\n-0001ceb0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 after the.first\n-0001cec0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f command... Ho\n-0001ced0: 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 wever, note that\n-0001cee0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 GRUB assumes th\n-0001cef0: 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c at your terminal\n-0001cf00: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d emulator is.com\n-0001cf10: 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 5431 patible with VT1\n-0001cf20: 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 00 by default. \n-0001cf30: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 6f72 This is true for\n-0001cf40: 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a65 most terminal.e\n-0001cf50: 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 6179 mulators nowaday\n-0001cf60: 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c s, but you shoul\n-0001cf70: 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f d pass the optio\n-0001cf80: 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 2074 n ...--dumb... t\n-0001cf90: 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 o the.command if\n-0001cfa0: 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 your terminal e\n-0001cfb0: 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 2056 mulator is not V\n-0001cfc0: 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 T100-compatible \n-0001cfd0: 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 or implements.fe\n-0001cfe0: 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 2073 w VT100 escape s\n-0001cff0: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 796f equences. If yo\n-0001d000: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 206f u specify this o\n-0001d010: 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a ption then GRUB.\n-0001d020: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 provides you wit\n-0001d030: 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 h an alternative\n-0001d040: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c menu interface,\n-0001d050: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e 6f72 because the nor\n-0001d060: 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 7265 mal menu.require\n-0001d070: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 s several fancy \n-0001d080: 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 features of your\n-0001d090: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 terminal.....Fi\n-0001d0a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0001d0b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 Node: Vendor pow\n-0001d0c0: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e 6578 er-on keys, Nex\n-0001d0d0: 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: Images, Prev\n-0001d0e0: 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 : Serial termina\n-0001d0f0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3020 l, Up: Top..10 \n-0001d100: 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 6820 Using GRUB with \n-0001d110: 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 vendor power-on \n-0001d120: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a keys.***********\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 ****..This chapt\n+0001c880: 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 er describes how\n+0001c890: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 to use the seri\n+0001c8a0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n+0001c8b0: 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ort in GRUB... \n+0001c8c0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e If you have man\n+0001c8d0: 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 y computers or c\n+0001c8e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n+0001c8f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 display/keyboar\n+0001c900: 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 d, it.could be v\n+0001c910: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f ery useful to co\n+0001c920: 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 ntrol the comput\n+0001c930: 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 ers through seri\n+0001c940: 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e al.communication\n+0001c950: 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f s. To connect o\n+0001c960: 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 ne computer with\n+0001c970: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 another via a s\n+0001c980: 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 erial line,.you \n+0001c990: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 need to prepare \n+0001c9a0: 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 a null-modem (cr\n+0001c9b0: 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c oss) serial cabl\n+0001c9c0: 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e e, and you may n\n+0001c9d0: 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 eed.to have mult\n+0001c9e0: 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 iport serial boa\n+0001c9f0: 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d rds, if your com\n+0001ca00: 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 puter doesn't ha\n+0001ca10: 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 ve extra.serial \n+0001ca20: 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 ports. In addit\n+0001ca30: 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ion, a terminal \n+0001ca40: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f emulator is also\n+0001ca50: 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a required, such.\n+0001ca60: 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 as minicom. Ref\n+0001ca70: 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f er to a manual o\n+0001ca80: 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 f your operating\n+0001ca90: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 system, for mor\n+0001caa0: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n+0001cab0: 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 As for GRUB, \n+0001cac0: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 the instruction \n+0001cad0: 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 to set up a seri\n+0001cae0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 al terminal is q\n+0001caf0: 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 uite.simple. He\n+0001cb00: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n+0001cb10: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 :.. grub> se\n+0001cb20: 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d rial --unit=0 --\n+0001cb30: 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 speed=9600. \n+0001cb40: 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 grub> terminal_i\n+0001cb50: 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 nput serial; ter\n+0001cb60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 minal_output ser\n+0001cb70: 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ial.. The comm\n+0001cb80: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 and ...serial...\n+0001cb90: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 initializes the\n+0001cba0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 serial unit 0 w\n+0001cbb0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 ith the speed.96\n+0001cbc0: 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 00bps. The seri\n+0001cbd0: 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 al unit 0 is usu\n+0001cbe0: 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 ally called ...C\n+0001cbf0: 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 OM1..., so, if y\n+0001cc00: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 ou want to.use C\n+0001cc10: 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 OM2, you must sp\n+0001cc20: 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d ecify ...--unit=\n+0001cc30: 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 1... instead. T\n+0001cc40: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 his command acce\n+0001cc50: 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f pts.many other o\n+0001cc60: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ptions, *note se\n+0001cc70: 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 rial:: for more \n+0001cc80: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 details... The\n+0001cc90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 commands ...ter\n+0001cca0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 minal_input... (\n+0001ccb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 *note terminal_i\n+0001ccc0: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 nput::) and....t\n+0001ccd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n+0001cce0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 . (*note termina\n+0001ccf0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f l_output::) choo\n+0001cd00: 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 se which type of\n+0001cd10: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 .terminal you wa\n+0001cd20: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 nt to use. In t\n+0001cd30: 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 he case above, t\n+0001cd40: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c he terminal will\n+0001cd50: 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 be a.serial ter\n+0001cd60: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 minal, but you c\n+0001cd70: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 an also pass ...\n+0001cd80: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 console... to th\n+0001cd90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 e command, as...\n+0001cda0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 .terminal_input \n+0001cdb0: 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 serial console..\n+0001cdc0: 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 .. In this case\n+0001cdd0: 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 , a terminal in \n+0001cde0: 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 which you.press \n+0001cdf0: 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 any key will be \n+0001ce00: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 selected as a GR\n+0001ce10: 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e UB terminal. In\n+0001ce20: 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f the example.abo\n+0001ce30: 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f ve, note that yo\n+0001ce40: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f u need to put bo\n+0001ce50: 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 th commands on t\n+0001ce60: 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he same command \n+0001ce70: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c line,.as you wil\n+0001ce80: 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 l lose the abili\n+0001ce90: 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 ty to type comma\n+0001cea0: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f nds on the conso\n+0001ceb0: 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 le after the.fir\n+0001cec0: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 st command... \n+0001ced0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 However, note th\n+0001cee0: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 at GRUB assumes \n+0001cef0: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e that your termin\n+0001cf00: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 al emulator is.c\n+0001cf10: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 ompatible with V\n+0001cf20: 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e T100 by default.\n+0001cf30: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 This is true f\n+0001cf40: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c or most terminal\n+0001cf50: 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 .emulators nowad\n+0001cf60: 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f ays, but you sho\n+0001cf70: 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 uld pass the opt\n+0001cf80: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 ion ...--dumb...\n+0001cf90: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 to the.command \n+0001cfa0: 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c if your terminal\n+0001cfb0: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 emulator is not\n+0001cfc0: 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c VT100-compatibl\n+0001cfd0: 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a e or implements.\n+0001cfe0: 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 few VT100 escape\n+0001cff0: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 sequences. If \n+0001d000: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 you specify this\n+0001d010: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 option then GRU\n+0001d020: 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B.provides you w\n+0001d030: 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 ith an alternati\n+0001d040: 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 ve menu interfac\n+0001d050: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e e, because the n\n+0001d060: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 ormal menu.requi\n+0001d070: 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 res several fanc\n+0001d080: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f y features of yo\n+0001d090: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a ur terminal.....\n+0001d0a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001d0b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 Node: Vendor p\n+0001d0c0: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e ower-on keys, N\n+0001d0d0: 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 ext: Images, Pr\n+0001d0e0: 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 ev: Serial termi\n+0001d0f0: 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 nal, Up: Top..1\n+0001d100: 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 0 Using GRUB wit\n+0001d110: 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f h vendor power-o\n+0001d120: 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n keys.*********\n 0001d130: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f ************..So\n-0001d150: 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 me laptop vendor\n-0001d160: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 6464 s provide an add\n-0001d170: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e itional power-on\n-0001d180: 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 626f button which bo\n-0001d190: 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 ots.another OS. \n-0001d1a0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7375 GRUB supports su\n-0001d1b0: 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 6820 ch buttons with \n-0001d1c0: 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 the ...GRUB_TIME\n-0001d1d0: 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 OUT_BUTTON...,..\n-0001d1e0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0001d1f0: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 TYLE_BUTTON..., \n-0001d200: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f ...GRUB_DEFAULT_\n-0001d210: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 BUTTON..., and..\n-0001d220: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n-0001d230: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 7661 OS_ADDRESS... va\n-0001d240: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 6175 riables in defau\n-0001d250: 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 lt/grub (*note S\n-0001d260: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-0001d270: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ion::). ...GRUB\n-0001d280: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n-0001d290: 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 .., ...GRUB_TIME\n-0001d2a0: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e OUT_STYLE_BUTTON\n-0001d2b0: e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ...,.and ...GRUB\n-0001d2c0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _DEFAULT_BUTTON.\n-0001d2d0: 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 .. are used inst\n-0001d2e0: 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 ead of the corre\n-0001d2f0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 626c sponding.variabl\n-0001d300: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 es without the .\n-0001d310: 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 .._BUTTON... suf\n-0001d320: 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 6564 fix when powered\n-0001d330: 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 on using the sp\n-0001d340: 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 ecial.button. .\n-0001d350: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n-0001d360: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 6973 OS_ADDRESS... is\n-0001d370: 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 vendor-specific\n-0001d380: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d and partially.m\n-0001d390: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 odel-specific. \n-0001d3a0: 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 Values known to \n-0001d3b0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 6172 the GRUB team ar\n-0001d3c0: 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 e:... 121:3\n-0001d3e0: 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 3330 .. 85:3.. 85:3..\n-0001d430: 2020 2020 2038 343a 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 84:1 (uncon\n-0001d440: 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 firmed).. 1\n-0001d470: 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 01:3.. To take\n-0001d480: 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 full advantage \n-0001d490: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of this function\n-0001d4a0: 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 , install GRUB i\n-0001d4b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f nto the MBR.(*no\n-0001d4c0: 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 te Installing GR\n-0001d4d0: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n-0001d4e0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 stall::)... If\n-0001d4f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 7074 you have a lapt\n-0001d500: 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 2073 op which has a s\n-0001d510: 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 2061 imilar feature a\n-0001d520: 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6162 nd not in the ab\n-0001d530: 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 ove.list could y\n-0001d540: 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2061 ou figure your a\n-0001d550: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 ddress and contr\n-0001d560: 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 636f ibute? To disco\n-0001d570: 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 ver the.address \n-0001d580: 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 do the following\n-0001d590: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f :. ... boot no\n-0001d5a0: 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 rmally. ... \n-0001d5b0: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 sudo modprobe\n-0001d5c0: 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n-0001d5d0: 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e sudo cat /dev/n\n-0001d5e0: 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 vram | xxd > nor\n-0001d5f0: 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 mal_button.txt. \n-0001d600: 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 ... boot using\n-0001d610: 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 vendor button. \n-0001d620: 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 ... sudo \n-0001d630: 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 modprobe nvram. \n-0001d640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 sudo ca\n-0001d650: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 t /dev/nvram | x\n-0001d660: 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 xd > normal_vend\n-0001d670: 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 or.txt.. Then \n-0001d680: 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 7465 compare these te\n-0001d690: 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 696e xt files and fin\n-0001d6a0: 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 7761 d where a bit wa\n-0001d6b0: 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e 672e s toggled. E.g.\n-0001d6c0: 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 6c6c .in case of Dell\n-0001d6d0: 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 2020 XPS it was:. \n-0001d6e0: 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 3020 byte 0x47: 20 \n-0001d6f0: 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 2061 --> 28. It's a\n-0001d700: 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 6173 bit number 3 as\n-0001d710: 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f seen from follo\n-0001d720: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 wing table:.0 \n-0001d730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 3120 01.1 \n-0001d740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 320a 02.\n-0001d750: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2 0\n-0001d760: 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4.3 \n-0001d770: 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d780: 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d790: 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 2020 80.. \n-0001d7c0: 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 0x47 is decimal \n-0001d7d0: 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 616d 71. Linux nvram\n-0001d7e0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 implementation \n-0001d7f0: 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 6279 cuts first 14 by\n-0001d800: 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 tes.of CMOS. So \n-0001d810: 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 6164 the real byte ad\n-0001d820: 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 dress in CMOS is\n-0001d830: 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 71+14=85 So com\n-0001d840: 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 plete.address is\n-0001d850: 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 85:3....File: g\n-0001d860: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001d870: 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Images, Next: \n-0001d880: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-0001d890: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 limitation, Pre\n-0001d8a0: 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d v: Vendor power-\n-0001d8b0: 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f on keys, Up: To\n-0001d8c0: 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 p..11 GRUB image\n-0001d8d0: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a files.*********\n-0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-0001d8f0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 6576 consists of sev\n-0001d900: 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 2076 eral images: a v\n-0001d910: 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 7374 ariety of bootst\n-0001d920: 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 rap images for.s\n-0001d930: 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e20 tarting GRUB in \n-0001d940: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 6120 various ways, a \n-0001d950: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e kernel image, an\n-0001d960: 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c d a set of modul\n-0001d970: 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 6f6d es.which are com\n-0001d980: 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206b bined with the k\n-0001d990: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2066 ernel image to f\n-0001d9a0: 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 orm a core image\n-0001d9b0: 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 686f . Here is.a sho\n-0001d9c0: 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 2074 rt overview of t\n-0001d9d0: 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d hem......boot.im\n-0001d9e0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 g.... On PC \n-0001d9f0: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 BIOS systems, th\n-0001da00: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 6520 is image is the \n-0001da10: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 4752 first part of GR\n-0001da20: 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 2020 UB to start.. \n-0001da30: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 It is written \n-0001da40: 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 to a master boot\n-0001da50: 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 6f72 record (MBR) or\n-0001da60: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 to the boot sec\n-0001da70: 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 7061 tor. of a pa\n-0001da80: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 7573 rtition. Becaus\n-0001da90: 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 e a PC boot sect\n-0001daa0: 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 732c or is 512 bytes,\n-0001dab0: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the size of. \n-0001dac0: 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 this image is \n-0001dad0: 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 7465 exactly 512 byte\n-0001dae0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6f6c s... The sol\n-0001daf0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 e function of ..\n-0001db00: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .boot.img... is \n-0001db10: 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 7273 to read the firs\n-0001db20: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 650a t sector of the.\n-0001db30: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 core image \n-0001db40: 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 6973 from a local dis\n-0001db50: 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 k and jump to it\n-0001db60: 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 . Because of th\n-0001db70: 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7374 e size. rest\n-0001db80: 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 riction, ...boot\n-0001db90: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 .img... cannot u\n-0001dba0: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 6669 nderstand any fi\n-0001dbb0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 le system. s\n-0001dbc0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 tructure, so ...\n-0001dbd0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-0001dbe0: 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f hardcodes the lo\n-0001dbf0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 cation of the fi\n-0001dc00: 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7220 rst. sector \n-0001dc10: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n-0001dc20: 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 e into ...boot.i\n-0001dc30: 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 mg... when insta\n-0001dc40: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 lling GRUB......\n-0001dc50: 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a diskboot.img....\n-0001dc60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001dc70: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 is used as the f\n-0001dc80: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n-0001dc90: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n-0001dca0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 en. booting \n-0001dcb0: 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b from a hard disk\n-0001dcc0: 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 6520 . It reads the \n-0001dcd0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 rest of the core\n-0001dce0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 image into. \n-0001dcf0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 6172 memory and star\n-0001dd00: 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 ts the kernel. \n-0001dd10: 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 Since file syste\n-0001dd20: 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f m handling is no\n-0001dd30: 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 696c t. yet avail\n-0001dd40: 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 able, it encodes\n-0001dd50: 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the location of\n-0001dd60: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dd70: 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f using a. blo\n-0001dd80: 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a ck list format..\n-0001dd90: 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ....cdboot.img..\n-0001dda0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n-0001ddb0: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n-0001ddc0: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n-0001ddd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dde0: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e when. bootin\n-0001ddf0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d20 g from a CD-ROM \n-0001de00: 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 666f drive. It perfo\n-0001de10: 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 rms a similar fu\n-0001de20: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 nction to. .\n-0001de30: 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ..diskboot.img..\n-0001de40: 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 .......pxeboot.i\n-0001de50: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n-0001de60: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n-0001de70: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-0001de80: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001de90: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 n booting from. \n-0001dea0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 the network \n-0001deb0: 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 using PXE. *Note\n-0001dec0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Network::......\n-0001ded0: 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 lnxboot.img.... \n-0001dee0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 206d This image m\n-0001def0: 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 7420 ay be placed at \n-0001df00: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n-0001df10: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 206f core image in o\n-0001df20: 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b rder to. mak\n-0001df30: 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 e GRUB look enou\n-0001df40: 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 gh like a Linux \n-0001df50: 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 kernel that it c\n-0001df60: 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 790a an be booted by.\n-0001df70: 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e 6720 LILO using \n-0001df80: 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 9920 an ...image=... \n-0001df90: 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b 6572 section......ker\n-0001dfa0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 nel.img.... \n-0001dfb0: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 This image conta\n-0001dfc0: 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 6963 ins GRUB's basic\n-0001dfd0: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 6c69 run-time facili\n-0001dfe0: 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 ties: frameworks\n-0001dff0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 6365 . for device\n-0001e000: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 and file handli\n-0001e010: 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ng, environment \n-0001e020: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 2072 variables, the r\n-0001e030: 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 escue. mode \n-0001e040: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 command-line par\n-0001e050: 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 ser, and so on. \n-0001e060: 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 It is rarely us\n-0001e070: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 2020 ed directly,. \n-0001e080: 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 but is built i\n-0001e090: 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 6d61 nto all core ima\n-0001e0a0: 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d ges......core.im\n-0001e0b0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n-0001e0c0: 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 s the core image\n-0001e0d0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 7320 of GRUB. It is \n-0001e0e0: 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c built dynamicall\n-0001e0f0: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y from the. \n-0001e100: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 kernel image and\n-0001e110: 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6c69 an arbitrary li\n-0001e120: 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6279 st of modules by\n-0001e130: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 the ...grub-mki\n-0001e140: 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f mage.... pro\n-0001e150: 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 gram. Usually, \n-0001e160: 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e 6f75 it contains enou\n-0001e170: 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6163 gh modules to ac\n-0001e180: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f cess. .../bo\n-0001e190: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 ot/grub..., and \n-0001e1a0: 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 loads everything\n-0001e1b0: 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 else (including\n-0001e1c0: 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a menu handling,.\n-0001e1d0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 the ability\n-0001e1e0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 7420 to load target \n-0001e1f0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-0001e200: 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 s, and so on) fr\n-0001e210: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 om the. file\n-0001e220: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e 2d74 system at run-t\n-0001e230: 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c61 ime. The modula\n-0001e240: 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 r design allows \n-0001e250: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001e260: 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 2073 to be kept s\n-0001e270: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 6520 mall, since the \n-0001e280: 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7768 areas of disk wh\n-0001e290: 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 ere it must be. \n-0001e2a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6172 installed ar\n-0001e2b0: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 6c6c e often as small\n-0001e2c0: 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 as 32KB... \n-0001e2d0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *Note BIOS insta\n-0001e2e0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 llation::, for d\n-0001e2f0: 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 6520 etails on where \n-0001e300: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 the core image c\n-0001e310: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 7461 an. be insta\n-0001e320: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 7465 lled on PC syste\n-0001e330: 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 8099 ms......*.mod...\n-0001e340: 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 . Everything\n-0001e350: 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 7265 else in GRUB re\n-0001e360: 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 sides in dynamic\n-0001e370: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f ally loadable mo\n-0001e380: 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6573 dules.. Thes\n-0001e390: 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 e are often load\n-0001e3a0: 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ed automatically\n-0001e3b0: 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 , or built into \n-0001e3c0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 the core image. \n-0001e3d0: 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 if they are \n-0001e3e0: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 206d essential, but m\n-0001e3f0: 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 ay also be loade\n-0001e400: 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 d manually using\n-0001e410: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 the. ...ins\n-0001e420: 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 mod... command (\n-0001e430: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e *note insmod::).\n-0001e440: 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ..For GRUB Legac\n-0001e450: 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y users.========\n-0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-0001e470: 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 6666 RUB 2 has a diff\n-0001e480: 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 726f erent design fro\n-0001e490: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2061 m GRUB Legacy, a\n-0001e4a0: 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 nd so correspond\n-0001e4b0: 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 ences.with the i\n-0001e4c0: 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 6361 mages it used ca\n-0001e4d0: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e 2020 nnot be exact. \n-0001e4e0: 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 Nevertheless, GR\n-0001e4f0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 7320 UB Legacy.users \n-0001e500: 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 7469 often ask questi\n-0001e510: 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 ons in the terms\n-0001e520: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 they are famili\n-0001e530: 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a ar with, and so.\n-0001e540: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 6620 here is a brief \n-0001e550: 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 5255 guide to how GRU\n-0001e560: 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 656c B 2's images rel\n-0001e570: 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a e280 ate to that.....\n-0001e580: 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .stage1.... \n-0001e590: 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 Stage 1 from GRU\n-0001e5a0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 6572 B Legacy was ver\n-0001e5b0: 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 y similar to ...\n-0001e5c0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 boot.img... in G\n-0001e5d0: 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 RUB 2,. and \n-0001e5e0: 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 they serve the s\n-0001e5f0: 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 ame function....\n-0001e600: 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 990a ..*_stage1_5....\n-0001e610: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c 6567 In GRUB Leg\n-0001e620: 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2773 acy, Stage 1.5's\n-0001e630: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 746f function was to\n-0001e640: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 680a include enough.\n-0001e650: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n-0001e660: 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 code to allow th\n-0001e670: 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 5374 e much larger St\n-0001e680: 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 6164 age 2 to be read\n-0001e690: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 from an. or\n-0001e6a0: 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 dinary filesyste\n-0001e6b0: 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 7370 m. In this resp\n-0001e6c0: 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 696f ect, its functio\n-0001e6d0: 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f n was similar to\n-0001e6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . ...core.im\n-0001e6f0: 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2e20 g... in GRUB 2. \n-0001e700: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 However, ...cor\n-0001e710: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 6368 e.img... is much\n-0001e720: 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a 2020 more capable. \n-0001e730: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 312e than Stage 1.\n-0001e740: 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 5 was; since it \n-0001e750: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-0001e760: 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6f6d shell, it is som\n-0001e770: 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 etimes. poss\n-0001e780: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 ible to recover \n-0001e790: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 manually in the \n-0001e7a0: 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 event that it is\n-0001e7b0: 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 640a unable to load.\n-0001e7c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d any other m\n-0001e7d0: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d odules, for exam\n-0001e7e0: 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ple if partition\n-0001e7f0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 6368 numbers have ch\n-0001e800: 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 anged.. ...c\n-0001e810: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6275 ore.img... is bu\n-0001e820: 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 666c ilt in a more fl\n-0001e830: 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f exible way, allo\n-0001e840: 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a20 wing GRUB 2 to. \n-0001e850: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 support read\n-0001e860: 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ing modules from\n-0001e870: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b 2074 advanced disk t\n-0001e880: 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c 564d ypes such as LVM\n-0001e890: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 2e0a and. RAID..\n-0001e8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 . GRUB Legac\n-0001e8b0: 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 7468 y could run with\n-0001e8c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 616e only Stage 1 an\n-0001e8d0: 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 6f6d d Stage 2 in som\n-0001e8e0: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 e limited. c\n-0001e8f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 onfigurations, w\n-0001e900: 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 7175 hile GRUB 2 requ\n-0001e910: 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ires ...core.img\n-0001e920: e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 ... and cannot w\n-0001e930: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 ork. without\n-0001e940: 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 32e2 it......stage2.\n-0001e950: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2068 ... GRUB 2 h\n-0001e960: 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 as no single Sta\n-0001e970: 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 ge 2 image. Ins\n-0001e980: 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 206d tead, it loads m\n-0001e990: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 odules from. \n-0001e9a0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n-0001e9b0: 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a . at run-time...\n-0001e9c0: e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f 7269 ...stage2_eltori\n-0001e9d0: 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 to.... In GR\n-0001e9e0: 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 UB 2, images for\n-0001e9f0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4344 booting from CD\n-0001ea00: 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 6520 -ROM drives are \n-0001ea10: 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 now. constru\n-0001ea20: 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 cted using ...cd\n-0001ea30: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 boot.img... and \n-0001ea40: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 ...core.img..., \n-0001ea50: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 making sure that\n-0001ea60: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 the. core i\n-0001ea70: 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 mage contains th\n-0001ea80: 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 e ...iso9660... \n-0001ea90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2075 module. It is u\n-0001eaa0: 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 0a20 sually best to. \n-0001eab0: 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9867 use the ...g\n-0001eac0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-0001ead0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 6973 program for this\n-0001eae0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 990a ......nbgrub....\n-0001eaf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6173 There is as\n-0001eb00: 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 yet no equivale\n-0001eb10: 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 nt for ...nbgrub\n-0001eb20: e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b 2069 ... in GRUB 2; i\n-0001eb30: 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 t was used. \n-0001eb40: 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 by Etherboot and\n-0001eb50: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 7477 some other netw\n-0001eb60: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 ork boot loaders\n-0001eb70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 8099 ......pxegrub...\n-0001eb80: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c . In GRUB 2,\n-0001eb90: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 4520 images for PXE \n-0001eba0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 network booting \n-0001ebb0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 7563 are now construc\n-0001ebc0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ted using. .\n-0001ebd0: 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..pxeboot.img...\n-0001ebe0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 and ...core.img\n-0001ebf0: e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 ..., making sure\n-0001ec00: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 that the core i\n-0001ec10: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 mage. contai\n-0001ec20: 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 8099 ns the ...pxe...\n-0001ec30: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 e280 and ...pxecmd..\n-0001ec40: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 . modules. *Not\n-0001ec50: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-0001ec60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0001ec70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 Node: Core ima\n-0001ec80: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n-0001ec90: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6573 on, Next: Files\n-0001eca0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496d ystem, Prev: Im\n-0001ecb0: 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ages, Up: Top..\n-0001ecc0: 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 12 Core image si\n-0001ecd0: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a ze limitation.**\n+0001d140: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001d150: 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 Some laptop vend\n+0001d160: 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 ors provide an a\n+0001d170: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d dditional power-\n+0001d180: 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 on button which \n+0001d190: 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 boots.another OS\n+0001d1a0: 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 . GRUB supports \n+0001d1b0: 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 such buttons wit\n+0001d1c0: 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 h the ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d1d0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c MEOUT_BUTTON...,\n+0001d1e0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001d1f0: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 _STYLE_BUTTON...\n+0001d200: 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c , ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0001d210: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 T_BUTTON..., and\n+0001d220: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ....GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d230: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d240: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 variables in def\n+0001d250: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 ault/grub (*note\n+0001d260: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+0001d270: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 ation::). ...GR\n+0001d280: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0001d290: 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 N..., ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d2a0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0001d2b0: 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 ON...,.and ...GR\n+0001d2c0: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0001d2d0: 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e N... are used in\n+0001d2e0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 stead of the cor\n+0001d2f0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 responding.varia\n+0001d300: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n+0001d310: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 ..._BUTTON... s\n+0001d320: 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 uffix when power\n+0001d330: 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ed on using the \n+0001d340: 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 special.button. \n+0001d350: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ...GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d360: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d370: 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 is vendor-specif\n+0001d380: 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 ic and partially\n+0001d390: 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e .model-specific.\n+0001d3a0: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 Values known t\n+0001d3b0: 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 o the GRUB team \n+0001d3c0: 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 are:... 121\n+0001d3e0: 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 :3.. 85:3.. 85:3.. 84:1 (unc\n+0001d440: 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 onfirmed).. \n+0001d470: 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 101:3.. To ta\n+0001d480: 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 ke full advantag\n+0001d490: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 e of this functi\n+0001d4a0: 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 on, install GRUB\n+0001d4b0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a into the MBR.(*\n+0001d4c0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 note Installing \n+0001d4d0: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+0001d4e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n+0001d4f0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 If you have a la\n+0001d500: 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 ptop which has a\n+0001d510: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 similar feature\n+0001d520: 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 and not in the \n+0001d530: 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 above.list could\n+0001d540: 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 you figure your\n+0001d550: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e address and con\n+0001d560: 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 tribute? To dis\n+0001d570: 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 cover the.addres\n+0001d580: 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s do the followi\n+0001d590: 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 ng:. ... boot \n+0001d5a0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 normally. ... \n+0001d5b0: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f sudo modpro\n+0001d5c0: 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be nvram. \n+0001d5d0: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 sudo cat /dev\n+0001d5e0: 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e /nvram | xxd > n\n+0001d5f0: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 ormal_button.txt\n+0001d600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 . ... boot usi\n+0001d610: 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e ng vendor button\n+0001d620: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 . ... sud\n+0001d630: 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d o modprobe nvram\n+0001d640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 . sudo \n+0001d650: 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c cat /dev/nvram |\n+0001d660: 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 xxd > normal_ve\n+0001d670: 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ndor.txt.. The\n+0001d680: 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 n compare these \n+0001d690: 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 text files and f\n+0001d6a0: 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 ind where a bit \n+0001d6b0: 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e was toggled. E.\n+0001d6c0: 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 g..in case of De\n+0001d6d0: 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 ll XPS it was:. \n+0001d6e0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 byte 0x47: 2\n+0001d6f0: 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 0 --> 28. It's\n+0001d700: 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 a bit number 3 \n+0001d710: 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c as seen from fol\n+0001d720: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 lowing table:.0 \n+0001d730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 01.\n+0001d740: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 1 0\n+0001d750: 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2.2 \n+0001d760: 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d770: 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d780: 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d790: 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 40.7 \n+0001d7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 80.. \n+0001d7c0: 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 0x47 is decima\n+0001d7d0: 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 l 71. Linux nvr\n+0001d7e0: 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f am implementatio\n+0001d7f0: 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 n cuts first 14 \n+0001d800: 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 bytes.of CMOS. S\n+0001d810: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 o the real byte \n+0001d820: 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 address in CMOS \n+0001d830: 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 is 71+14=85 So c\n+0001d840: 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 omplete.address \n+0001d850: 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a is 85:3....File:\n+0001d860: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001d870: 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 e: Images, Next\n+0001d880: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n+0001d890: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 e limitation, P\n+0001d8a0: 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 rev: Vendor powe\n+0001d8b0: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 r-on keys, Up: \n+0001d8c0: 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Top..11 GRUB ima\n+0001d8d0: 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ge files.*******\n+0001d8e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0001d8f0: 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 UB consists of s\n+0001d900: 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 everal images: a\n+0001d910: 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 variety of boot\n+0001d920: 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 strap images for\n+0001d930: 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 .starting GRUB i\n+0001d940: 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 n various ways, \n+0001d950: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 a kernel image, \n+0001d960: 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 and a set of mod\n+0001d970: 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 ules.which are c\n+0001d980: 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ombined with the\n+0001d990: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f kernel image to\n+0001d9a0: 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 form a core ima\n+0001d9b0: 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 ge. Here is.a s\n+0001d9c0: 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 hort overview of\n+0001d9d0: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e them......boot.\n+0001d9e0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 img.... On P\n+0001d9f0: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 C BIOS systems, \n+0001da00: 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 this image is th\n+0001da10: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 e first part of \n+0001da20: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 GRUB to start.. \n+0001da30: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 It is writte\n+0001da40: 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f n to a master bo\n+0001da50: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot record (MBR) \n+0001da60: 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 or to the boot s\n+0001da70: 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 ector. of a \n+0001da80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 partition. Beca\n+0001da90: 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 use a PC boot se\n+0001daa0: 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 ctor is 512 byte\n+0001dab0: 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 s, the size of. \n+0001dac0: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 this image i\n+0001dad0: 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 s exactly 512 by\n+0001dae0: 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 tes... The s\n+0001daf0: 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ole function of \n+0001db00: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...boot.img... i\n+0001db10: 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 s to read the fi\n+0001db20: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+0001db30: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 e. core imag\n+0001db40: 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 e from a local d\n+0001db50: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 isk and jump to \n+0001db60: 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 it. Because of \n+0001db70: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the size. re\n+0001db80: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f striction, ...bo\n+0001db90: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 ot.img... cannot\n+0001dba0: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 understand any \n+0001dbb0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+0001dbc0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 structure, so .\n+0001dbd0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+0001dbe0: 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 . hardcodes the \n+0001dbf0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n+0001dc00: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f first. secto\n+0001dc10: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n+0001dc20: 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 age into ...boot\n+0001dc30: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 .img... when ins\n+0001dc40: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 talling GRUB....\n+0001dc50: 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ..diskboot.img..\n+0001dc60: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001dc70: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n+0001dc80: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n+0001dc90: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001dca0: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e when. bootin\n+0001dcb0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 g from a hard di\n+0001dcc0: 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 sk. It reads th\n+0001dcd0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f e rest of the co\n+0001dce0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 re image into. \n+0001dcf0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 memory and st\n+0001dd00: 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e arts the kernel.\n+0001dd10: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Since file sys\n+0001dd20: 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 tem handling is \n+0001dd30: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 not. yet ava\n+0001dd40: 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 ilable, it encod\n+0001dd50: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es the location \n+0001dd60: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dd70: 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 e using a. b\n+0001dd80: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 lock list format\n+0001dd90: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ......cdboot.img\n+0001dda0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n+0001ddb0: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n+0001ddc0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+0001ddd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dde0: 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e when. boot\n+0001ddf0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f ing from a CD-RO\n+0001de00: 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 M drive. It per\n+0001de10: 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 forms a similar \n+0001de20: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 function to. \n+0001de30: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ...diskboot.img\n+0001de40: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 .........pxeboot\n+0001de50: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001de60: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n+0001de70: 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 as the start of \n+0001de80: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n+0001de90: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d hen booting from\n+0001dea0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 . the networ\n+0001deb0: 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f k using PXE. *No\n+0001dec0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 te Network::....\n+0001ded0: 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..lnxboot.img...\n+0001dee0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001def0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 may be placed a\n+0001df00: 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 t the start of t\n+0001df10: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001df20: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d order to. m\n+0001df30: 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e ake GRUB look en\n+0001df40: 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 ough like a Linu\n+0001df50: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 x kernel that it\n+0001df60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 can be booted b\n+0001df70: 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e y. LILO usin\n+0001df80: 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 g an ...image=..\n+0001df90: 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b . section......k\n+0001dfa0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 ernel.img.... \n+0001dfb0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e This image con\n+0001dfc0: 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 tains GRUB's bas\n+0001dfd0: 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 ic run-time faci\n+0001dfe0: 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 lities: framewor\n+0001dff0: 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 ks. for devi\n+0001e000: 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 ce and file hand\n+0001e010: 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ling, environmen\n+0001e020: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 t variables, the\n+0001e030: 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 rescue. mod\n+0001e040: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 e command-line p\n+0001e050: 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e arser, and so on\n+0001e060: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 . It is rarely \n+0001e070: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 used directly,. \n+0001e080: 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 but is built\n+0001e090: 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 into all core i\n+0001e0a0: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e mages......core.\n+0001e0b0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001e0c0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 is the core ima\n+0001e0d0: 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 ge of GRUB. It i\n+0001e0e0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 s built dynamica\n+0001e0f0: 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lly from the. \n+0001e100: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 kernel image a\n+0001e110: 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 nd an arbitrary \n+0001e120: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 list of modules \n+0001e130: 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d by the ...grub-m\n+0001e140: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 kimage.... p\n+0001e150: 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 rogram. Usually\n+0001e160: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e , it contains en\n+0001e170: 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 ough modules to \n+0001e180: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f access. .../\n+0001e190: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e boot/grub..., an\n+0001e1a0: 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 d loads everythi\n+0001e1b0: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ng else (includi\n+0001e1c0: 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 ng menu handling\n+0001e1d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ,. the abili\n+0001e1e0: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 ty to load targe\n+0001e1f0: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n+0001e200: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 ems, and so on) \n+0001e210: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 from the. fi\n+0001e220: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e le system at run\n+0001e230: 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 -time. The modu\n+0001e240: 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c 6f77 lar design allow\n+0001e250: 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 s the core image\n+0001e260: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 7074 . to be kept\n+0001e270: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 7468 small, since th\n+0001e280: 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 e areas of disk \n+0001e290: 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 where it must be\n+0001e2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 . installed \n+0001e2b0: 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 6d61 are often as sma\n+0001e2c0: 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 2020 ll as 32KB... \n+0001e2d0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 *Note BIOS ins\n+0001e2e0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 tallation::, for\n+0001e2f0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 6572 details on wher\n+0001e300: 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 e the core image\n+0001e310: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 6e73 can. be ins\n+0001e320: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 7973 talled on PC sys\n+0001e330: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f 64e2 tems......*.mod.\n+0001e340: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 6869 ... Everythi\n+0001e350: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 ng else in GRUB \n+0001e360: 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d resides in dynam\n+0001e370: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 ically loadable \n+0001e380: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 modules.. Th\n+0001e390: 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f ese are often lo\n+0001e3a0: 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c aded automatical\n+0001e3b0: 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 ly, or built int\n+0001e3c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 o the core image\n+0001e3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 . if they ar\n+0001e3e0: 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 e essential, but\n+0001e3f0: 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 may also be loa\n+0001e400: 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 ded manually usi\n+0001e410: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 ng the. ...i\n+0001e420: 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nsmod... command\n+0001e430: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n+0001e440: 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 )...For GRUB Leg\n+0001e450: 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d acy users.======\n+0001e460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001e470: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 .GRUB 2 has a di\n+0001e480: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 fferent design f\n+0001e490: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n+0001e4a0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f and so correspo\n+0001e4b0: 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 ndences.with the\n+0001e4c0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 images it used \n+0001e4d0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e cannot be exact.\n+0001e4e0: 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 Nevertheless, \n+0001e4f0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 GRUB Legacy.user\n+0001e500: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 s often ask ques\n+0001e510: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 tions in the ter\n+0001e520: 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 ms they are fami\n+0001e530: 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 liar with, and s\n+0001e540: 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 o.here is a brie\n+0001e550: 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 f guide to how G\n+0001e560: 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 RUB 2's images r\n+0001e570: 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a elate to that...\n+0001e580: e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...stage1.... \n+0001e590: 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 Stage 1 from G\n+0001e5a0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 RUB Legacy was v\n+0001e5b0: 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 ery similar to .\n+0001e5c0: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e ..boot.img... in\n+0001e5d0: 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e GRUB 2,. an\n+0001e5e0: 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 d they serve the\n+0001e5f0: 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a same function..\n+0001e600: 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 ....*_stage1_5..\n+0001e610: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c .. In GRUB L\n+0001e620: 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 egacy, Stage 1.5\n+0001e630: 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 's function was \n+0001e640: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 to include enoug\n+0001e650: 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 h. filesyste\n+0001e660: 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 m code to allow \n+0001e670: 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 the much larger \n+0001e680: 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 Stage 2 to be re\n+0001e690: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ad from an. \n+0001e6a0: 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 ordinary filesys\n+0001e6b0: 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 tem. In this re\n+0001e6c0: 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 spect, its funct\n+0001e6d0: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 ion was similar \n+0001e6e0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e to. ...core.\n+0001e6f0: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 img... in GRUB 2\n+0001e700: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 . However, ...c\n+0001e710: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 ore.img... is mu\n+0001e720: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a ch more capable.\n+0001e730: 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 than Stage \n+0001e740: 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 1.5 was; since i\n+0001e750: 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 t offers a rescu\n+0001e760: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 e shell, it is s\n+0001e770: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f ometimes. po\n+0001e780: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ssible to recove\n+0001e790: 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 r manually in th\n+0001e7a0: 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 e event that it \n+0001e7b0: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 is unable to loa\n+0001e7c0: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 d. any other\n+0001e7d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 modules, for ex\n+0001e7e0: 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 ample if partiti\n+0001e7f0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 on numbers have \n+0001e800: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 changed.. ..\n+0001e810: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .core.img... is \n+0001e820: 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 built in a more \n+0001e830: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c flexible way, al\n+0001e840: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f lowing GRUB 2 to\n+0001e850: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . support re\n+0001e860: 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 ading modules fr\n+0001e870: 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b om advanced disk\n+0001e880: 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c types such as L\n+0001e890: 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 VM and. RAID\n+0001e8a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 ... GRUB Leg\n+0001e8b0: 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 acy could run wi\n+0001e8c0: 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 th only Stage 1 \n+0001e8d0: 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 and Stage 2 in s\n+0001e8e0: 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 ome limited. \n+0001e8f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n+0001e900: 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 while GRUB 2 re\n+0001e910: 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 quires ...core.i\n+0001e920: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 mg... and cannot\n+0001e930: 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f work. witho\n+0001e940: 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 ut it......stage\n+0001e950: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2.... GRUB 2\n+0001e960: 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 has no single S\n+0001e970: 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 tage 2 image. I\n+0001e980: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 nstead, it loads\n+0001e990: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 modules from. \n+0001e9a0: 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .../boot/grub\n+0001e9b0: e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e ... at run-time.\n+0001e9c0: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f .....stage2_elto\n+0001e9d0: 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 rito.... In \n+0001e9e0: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 GRUB 2, images f\n+0001e9f0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n+0001ea00: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 CD-ROM drives ar\n+0001ea10: 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 e now. const\n+0001ea20: 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ructed using ...\n+0001ea30: 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e cdboot.img... an\n+0001ea40: 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 d ...core.img...\n+0001ea50: 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 , making sure th\n+0001ea60: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 at the. core\n+0001ea70: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 image contains \n+0001ea80: 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 the ...iso9660..\n+0001ea90: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 6973 . module. It is\n+0001eaa0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f usually best to\n+0001eab0: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 . use the ..\n+0001eac0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 .grub-mkrescue..\n+0001ead0: 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 7468 . program for th\n+0001eae0: 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 e280 is......nbgrub..\n+0001eaf0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 .. There is \n+0001eb00: 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 7661 as yet no equiva\n+0001eb10: 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 6772 lent for ...nbgr\n+0001eb20: 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 323b ub... in GRUB 2;\n+0001eb30: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 it was used. \n+0001eb40: 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 2061 by Etherboot a\n+0001eb50: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 nd some other ne\n+0001eb60: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 twork boot loade\n+0001eb70: 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 62e2 rs......pxegrub.\n+0001eb80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 ... In GRUB \n+0001eb90: 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 2, images for PX\n+0001eba0: 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e E network bootin\n+0001ebb0: 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 g are now constr\n+0001ebc0: 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ucted using. \n+0001ebd0: 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...pxeboot.img.\n+0001ebe0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 .. and ...core.i\n+0001ebf0: 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 mg..., making su\n+0001ec00: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 re that the core\n+0001ec10: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 image. cont\n+0001ec20: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 ains the ...pxe.\n+0001ec30: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 .. and ...pxecmd\n+0001ec40: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e ... modules. *N\n+0001ec50: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001ec60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0001ec70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 o, Node: Core i\n+0001ec80: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+0001ec90: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c tion, Next: Fil\n+0001eca0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 esystem, Prev: \n+0001ecb0: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 Images, Up: Top\n+0001ecc0: 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ..12 Core image \n+0001ecd0: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a size limitation.\n 0001ece0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 ***********..Hea\n-0001ed00: 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 vily limited pla\n-0001ed10: 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 tforms:. ... i\n-0001ed20: 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 386-pc (normal a\n-0001ed30: 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 6f72 nd PXE): the cor\n-0001ed40: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 636f e image size (co\n-0001ed50: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 mpressed) is. \n-0001ed60: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 3538 limited by 458\n-0001ed70: 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 726e 240 bytes. kern\n-0001ed80: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001ed90: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 .data + .bss,. \n-0001eda0: 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 uncompressed)\n-0001edb0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 is limited by 3\n-0001edc0: 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 92704 bytes. mo\n-0001edd0: 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2028 dule size. (\n-0001ede0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n-0001edf0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n-0001ee00: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d t + .data, uncom\n-0001ee10: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 pressed) is. \n-0001ee20: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n-0001ee30: 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6967 756f size of contiguo\n-0001ee40: 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 us chunk at 1M a\n-0001ee50: 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2073 ddress.. ... s\n-0001ee60: 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a parc64-ieee1275:\n-0001ee70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n-0001ee80: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 xt + .data + .bs\n-0001ee90: 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 s) + modules +. \n-0001eea0: 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 6163 6b29 256K (stack)\n-0001eeb0: 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 2069 7320 + 2M (heap) is \n-0001eec0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 limited by space\n-0001eed0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 available at 0x\n-0001eee0: 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 6d6f 4400.. On mo\n-0001eef0: 7374 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 st platforms it'\n-0001ef00: 7320 6a75 7374 2033 206f 7220 344d 2073 s just 3 or 4M s\n-0001ef10: 696e 6365 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 6d61 ince ieee1275 ma\n-0001ef20: 7073 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 0a20 2020 2020 ps only so. \n-0001ef30: 6d75 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 much.. ... i38\n-0001ef40: 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 6-ieee1275: kern\n-0001ef50: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n-0001ef60: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 .data + .bss) + \n-0001ef70: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 modules is. \n-0001ef80: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 206d 656d 6f72 limited by memor\n-0001ef90: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 y available at 0\n-0001efa0: 7831 3030 3030 2c20 6174 206d 6f73 7420 x10000, at most \n-0001efb0: 3539 364b 0a0a 2020 204c 6967 6874 6c79 596K.. 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(core.img wo\n-0001f070: 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 uld be limited b\n-0001f080: 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 2069 y ROM size but i\n-0001f090: 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 t's unlimited. \n-0001f0a0: 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 e280 on qemu. ..\n-0001f0b0: a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f . All EFI platfo\n-0001f0c0: 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 rms: limited by \n-0001f0d0: 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d 2073 contiguous RAM s\n-0001f0e0: 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c79 ize and possibly\n-0001f0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2062 . firmware b\n-0001f100: 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 6562 ugs. ... 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(.text +\n-0001f380: 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 .data) + module\n-0001f390: 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 s is limited by \n-0001f3a0: 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 the space from 8\n-0001f3b0: 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 0200000. for\n-0001f3c0: 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 2866 ward core.img (f\n-0001f3d0: 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 inal) is limited\n-0001f3e0: 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 2028 by flash size (\n-0001f3f0: 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f 6e67 512K on yeeloong\n-0001f400: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f 6f6f . and fulooo\n-0001f410: 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 732d ng). ... mips-\n-0001f420: 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 7265 arc: if uncompre\n-0001f430: 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 ssed: kernel.img\n-0001f440: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 (.text + .data)\n-0001f450: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 0a20 is limited by. \n-0001f460: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 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+ \n-0001f640: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 modules is. \n-0001f650: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 limited by space\n-0001f660: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 available at 0x\n-0001f670: 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 200000....File: \n-0001f680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001f690: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 204e : Filesystem, N\n-0001f6a0: 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 ext: Interface, \n-0001f6b0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Prev: Core imag\n-0001f6c0: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n-0001f6d0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3320 n, Up: Top..13 \n-0001f6e0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 Filesystem synta\n-0001f6f0: 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a x and semantics.\n-0001f700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001ecf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 *************..H\n+0001ed00: 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 eavily limited p\n+0001ed10: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 latforms:. ...\n+0001ed20: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c i386-pc (normal\n+0001ed30: 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 and PXE): the c\n+0001ed40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 ore image size (\n+0001ed50: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 compressed) is. \n+0001ed60: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 limited by 4\n+0001ed70: 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 58240 bytes. ke\n+0001ed80: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001ed90: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a + .data + .bss,.\n+0001eda0: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 uncompresse\n+0001edb0: 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 d) is limited by\n+0001edc0: 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 392704 bytes. \n+0001edd0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 module size. \n+0001ede0: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n+0001edf0: 2b20 6b65 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(core.img \n+0001f070: 776f 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 would be limited\n+0001f080: 2062 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 by ROM size but\n+0001f090: 2069 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a it's unlimited.\n+0001f0a0: 2020 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 on qemu. \n+0001f0b0: e280 a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 ... All EFI plat\n+0001f0c0: 666f 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 forms: limited b\n+0001f0d0: 7920 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d y contiguous RAM\n+0001f0e0: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 size and possib\n+0001f0f0: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 ly. firmware\n+0001f100: 2062 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 bugs. ... Cor\n+0001f110: 6562 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 eboot and multib\n+0001f120: 6f6f 742e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 oot. kernel.img\n+0001f130: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 (.text + .data \n+0001f140: 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 + .bss) is. \n+0001f150: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 limited by 39270\n+0001f160: 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 4 bytes. module\n+0001f170: 2073 697a 6520 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 size is limited\n+0001f180: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a by the size of.\n+0001f190: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 contiguous \n+0001f1a0: 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 chunk at 1M addr\n+0001f1b0: 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 ess.. ... mips\n+0001f1c0: 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2845 4c46 el-loongson (ELF\n+0001f1d0: 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d 7165 6d75 ), mips(el)-qemu\n+0001f1e0: 5f6d 6970 7320 2845 4c46 293a 2069 6620 _mips (ELF): if \n+0001f1f0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 uncompressed:. \n+0001f200: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e kernel.img (.\n+0001f210: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 text + .data) + \n+0001f220: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 modules is limit\n+0001f230: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n+0001f240: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3830 3230 3030 from. 802000\n+0001f250: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 00 forward if co\n+0001f260: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c mpressed: kernel\n+0001f270: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n+0001f280: 6174 612c 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 ata,. uncomp\n+0001f290: 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ressed) + module\n+0001f2a0: 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 s (uncompressed)\n+0001f2b0: 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 6b65 + (modules + ke\n+0001f2c0: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e rnel.img. (.\n+0001f2d0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 text + .data)) (\n+0001f2e0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 compressed) + de\n+0001f2f0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 compressor is li\n+0001f300: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 mited by the. \n+0001f310: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 space from 802\n+0001f320: 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 00000 forward. \n+0001f330: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e ... mipsel-loon\n+0001f340: 6773 6f6e 2028 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 gson (Flash), mi\n+0001f350: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n+0001f360: 2028 466c 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c (Flash): kernel\n+0001f370: 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 .img. (.text\n+0001f380: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 + .data) + modu\n+0001f390: 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 les is limited b\n+0001f3a0: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d y the space from\n+0001f3b0: 2038 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 80200000. f\n+0001f3c0: 6f72 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 orward core.img \n+0001f3d0: 2866 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 (final) is limit\n+0001f3e0: 6564 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 ed by flash size\n+0001f3f0: 2028 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f (512K on yeeloo\n+0001f400: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f ng. and fulo\n+0001f410: 6f6f 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 oong). ... mip\n+0001f420: 732d 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 s-arc: if uncomp\n+0001f430: 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ressed: kernel.i\n+0001f440: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f450: 6129 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 a) is limited by\n+0001f460: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 . the space \n+0001f470: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f from 8bd00000 fo\n+0001f480: 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 rward modules + \n+0001f490: 6475 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 dummy decompress\n+0001f4a0: 6f72 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 or is. limit\n+0001f4b0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n+0001f4c0: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 from 8bd00000 ba\n+0001f4d0: 636b 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 ckward if compre\n+0001f4e0: 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 ssed:. kerne\n+0001f4f0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n+0001f500: 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 data, uncompress\n+0001f510: 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ed) is limited b\n+0001f520: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 y the space. \n+0001f530: 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 from 8bd00000 f\n+0001f540: 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 orward modules (\n+0001f550: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n+0001f560: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 (modules +. \n+0001f570: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f580: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n+0001f590: 7072 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 pressed, aligned\n+0001f5a0: 2074 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 to 1M) + 1M. \n+0001f5b0: 2020 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 (decompressor \n+0001f5c0: 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 + scratch space)\n+0001f5d0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n+0001f5e0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 he space from. \n+0001f5f0: 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 8bd00000 back\n+0001f600: 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 ward. ... powe\n+0001f610: 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 rpc-ieee1275: ke\n+0001f620: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001f630: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n+0001f640: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 + modules is. \n+0001f650: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 limited by spa\n+0001f660: 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ce available at \n+0001f670: 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 0x200000....File\n+0001f680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001f690: 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 de: Filesystem, \n+0001f6a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Next: Interface\n+0001f6b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Prev: Core im\n+0001f6c0: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n+0001f6d0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n+0001f6e0: 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 3 Filesystem syn\n+0001f6f0: 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 tax and semantic\n+0001f700: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n 0001f710: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f720: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 **..GRUB uses a \n-0001f730: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 2066 special syntax f\n-0001f740: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6469 or specifying di\n-0001f750: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 6820 sk drives which \n-0001f760: 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 6420 can be.accessed \n-0001f770: 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 7365 by BIOS. Because\n-0001f780: 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 6174 of BIOS limitat\n-0001f790: 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f ions, GRUB canno\n-0001f7a0: 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a 6265 t distinguish.be\n-0001f7b0: 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 492c tween IDE, ESDI,\n-0001f7c0: 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7273 SCSI, or others\n-0001f7d0: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 . You must know\n-0001f7e0: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 6820 yourself which \n-0001f7f0: 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 2065 BIOS.device is e\n-0001f800: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 6869 quivalent to whi\n-0001f810: 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 204e ch OS device. N\n-0001f820: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 7769 ormally, that wi\n-0001f830: 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 2079 ll be clear.if y\n-0001f840: 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 ou see the files\n-0001f850: 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 in a device or \n-0001f860: 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 use the command \n-0001f870: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...search... (*n\n-0001f880: 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote.search::)...\n-0001f890: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 * Menu:..* Devic\n-0001f8a0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 e syntax:: \n-0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 How to \n-0001f8c0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a specify devices.\n-0001f8d0: 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 * File name synt\n-0001f8e0: 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ax:: \n-0001f8f0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 How to specify f\n-0001f900: 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 iles.* Block lis\n-0001f910: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 t syntax:: \n-0001f920: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n-0001f930: 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a ify block lists.\n-0001f940: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001f950: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 6963 fo, Node: Devic\n-0001f960: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a e syntax, Next:\n-0001f970: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-0001f980: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 x, Up: Filesyst\n-0001f990: 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 em..13.1 How to \n-0001f9a0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 730a specify devices.\n-0001f9b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-0001f9d0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 device syntax i\n-0001f9e0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s like this:.. \n-0001f9f0: 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 (DEVICE[,PART\n-0001fa00: 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d 4e55 MAP-NAME1PART-NU\n-0001fa10: 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 M1[,PARTMAP-NAME\n-0001fa20: 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 2PART-NUM2[,...]\n-0001fa30: 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 8099 ]]).. ...[]...\n-0001fa40: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d means the param\n-0001fa50: 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c eter is optional\n-0001fa60: 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 6e64 . DEVICE depend\n-0001fa70: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 s on the disk.dr\n-0001fa80: 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 4249 iver in use. BI\n-0001fa90: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 OS and EFI disks\n-0001faa0: 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9866 use either ...f\n-0001fab0: 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 8099 d... or ...hd...\n-0001fac0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 0a64 followed by a.d\n-0001fad0: 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 igit, like ...fd\n-0001fae0: 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 e280 0..., or ...cd..\n-0001faf0: 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 2028 .. AHCI, PATA (\n-0001fb00: 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 5553 ata), crypto, US\n-0001fb10: 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f B use the name.o\n-0001fb20: 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 f driver followe\n-0001fb30: 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e 2020 d by a number. \n-0001fb40: 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f 7374 Memdisk and host\n-0001fb50: 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 are limited to \n-0001fb60: 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 one.disk and so \n-0001fb70: 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a 7573 it's refered jus\n-0001fb80: 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 t by driver name\n-0001fb90: 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 . RAID (md), of\n-0001fba0: 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 disk.(ieee1275 a\n-0001fbb0: 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c nd nand), LVM (l\n-0001fbc0: 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 696f vm), LDM, virtio\n-0001fbd0: 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 6364 (vdsk) and arcd\n-0001fbe0: 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a 696e isk (arc) use.in\n-0001fbf0: 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 trinsic name of \n-0001fc00: 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 disk prefixed by\n-0001fc10: 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 driver name. A\n-0001fc20: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 dditionally just\n-0001fc30: 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 2074 .\"nand\" refers t\n-0001fc40: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 6173 o the disk alias\n-0001fc50: 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 2043 ed as \"nand\". C\n-0001fc60: 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 6f6c onflicts are sol\n-0001fc70: 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 6e67 ved by.suffixing\n-0001fc80: 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e 6563 a number if nec\n-0001fc90: 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 essarry. Commas\n-0001fca0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 6361 need to be esca\n-0001fcb0: 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 ped. Loopback.u\n-0001fcc0: 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e 616d ses whatever nam\n-0001fcd0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 20e2 e specified to .\n-0001fce0: 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 636f ..loopback... co\n-0001fcf0: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 736b mmand. Hostdisk\n-0001fd00: 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 6563 uses names.spec\n-0001fd10: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 652e ified in device.\n-0001fd20: 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 map as long as i\n-0001fd30: 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 t's of the form \n-0001fd40: 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a [fhc]d[0-9]* or.\n-0001fd50: 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 hostdisk/. For crypt\n-0001fd70: 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 2920 o and RAID (md) \n-0001fd80: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 additionally you\n-0001fd90: 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e can use.the syn\n-0001fda0: 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 tax uuid/. F\n-0001fdc0: 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 or LVM additiona\n-0001fdd0: 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a lly you can use.\n-0001fde0: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d 6964 the syntax lvmid\n-0001fdf0: 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 2d75 //... (fd0).\n-0001fe20: 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (hd0). \n-0001fe30: 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 6930 (cd). (ahci0\n-0001fe40: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a 2020 ). (ata0). \n-0001fe50: 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001fe60: 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 (usb0). (c\n-0001fe70: 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 ryptouuid/123456\n-0001fe80: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 789abcdef0123456\n-0001fe90: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 789abcdef0). \n-0001fea0: 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 (mduuid/1234567\n-0001feb0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 89abcdef01234567\n-0001fec0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 89abcdef0). \n-0001fed0: 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 (lvm/system-root\n-0001fee0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 ). (lvmid/F1\n-0001fef0: 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 2d69 ikgD-2RES-306G-i\n-0001ff00: 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 l9M-7iwa-4NKW-Eb\n-0001ff10: 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 V1NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka\n-0001ff20: 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 682d -XUgR-sjtJ-ffch-\n-0001ff30: 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 2020 bajr-fCNfz5). \n-0001ff40: 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001ff50: 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 (md/0). (\n-0001ff60: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 290a ieee1275/disk2).\n-0001ff70: 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f2f (ieee1275//\n-0001ff80: 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 642f pci@1f\\,0/ide@d/\n-0001ff90: 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 6e61 disk@2). (na\n-0001ffa0: 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 nd). (memdis\n-0001ffb0: 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 k). (host). \n-0001ffc0: 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 (myloop). \n-0001ffd0: 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 (hostdisk//dev\n-0001ffe0: 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 2d4e /sda).. PART-N\n-0001fff0: 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 UM represents th\n-00020000: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n-00020010: 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 7374 er of DEVICE, st\n-00020020: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e arting from.one.\n-00020030: 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 PARTNAME is op\n-00020040: 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 7265 tional but is re\n-00020050: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 commended since \n-00020060: 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a 7365 disk may have.se\n-00020070: 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 veral top-level \n-00020080: 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 6369 partmaps. Speci\n-00020090: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e 6420 fying third and \n-000200a0: 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 later component \n-000200b0: 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 2074 you.can access t\n-000200c0: 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e o subpartitions.\n-000200d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 .. The syntax \n-000200e0: e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 7072 ...(hd0)... repr\n-000200f0: 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 esents using the\n-00020100: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 entire disk (or\n-00020110: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a 696e the MBR when.in\n-00020120: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2c20 stalling GRUB), \n-00020130: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 while the syntax\n-00020140: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 ...(hd0,1)... r\n-00020150: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 epresents using \n-00020160: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 6974 the first.partit\n-00020170: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 ion of the disk \n-00020180: 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6563 (or the boot sec\n-00020190: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 tor of the parti\n-000201a0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c tion when.instal\n-000201b0: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 ling GRUB)... \n-000201c0: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 (hd0,msdos1). \n-000201d0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c (hd0,msdos1,\n-000201e0: 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 msdos5). (hd\n-000201f0: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 0,msdos1,bsd3). \n-00020200: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 (hd0,netbsd1\n-00020210: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 ). (hd0,gpt1\n-00020220: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c 3329 ). (hd0,1,3)\n-00020230: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 6162 .. If you enab\n-00020240: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 led the network \n-00020250: 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 7065 support, the spe\n-00020260: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 9828 cial drives....(\n-00020270: 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 PROTOCOL[,SERVER\n-00020280: 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f 2061 ])... are also a\n-00020290: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f vailable. Suppo\n-000202a0: 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2061 rted protocols a\n-000202b0: 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 616e re....http... an\n-000202c0: 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 d ...tftp.... I\n-000202d0: 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 f SERVER is omit\n-000202e0: 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e ted, value of en\n-000202f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00020300: 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c le....net_defaul\n-00020310: 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 2075 t_server... is u\n-00020320: 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 7369 sed. Before usi\n-00020330: 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 ng the network d\n-00020340: 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 rive, you must.i\n-00020350: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 6e65 nitialize the ne\n-00020360: 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 twork. *Note Ne\n-00020370: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 twork::, for mor\n-00020380: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-00020390: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 When using ..\n-000203a0: 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 .http... or ...t\n-000203b0: 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 6f74 ftp..., ports ot\n-000203c0: 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 e280 her than ...80..\n-000203d0: 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 . can be specifi\n-000203e0: 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e ed.using a colon\n-000203f0: 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 6572 (...:...) after\n-00020400: 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2054 the address. T\n-00020410: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e 6720 o avoid parsing \n-00020420: 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 6e0a conflicts, when.\n-00020430: 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 using IPv6 addre\n-00020440: 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 6f6d sses with custom\n-00020450: 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 6472 ports, the addr\n-00020460: 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 656e esses must be en\n-00020470: 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 7561 closed.with squa\n-00020480: 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 8098 re brackets (...\n-00020490: 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 7374 []...), as is st\n-000204a0: 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e andard practice.\n-000204b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 7275 .. (http,gru\n-000204c0: 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 b.example.com:31\n-000204d0: 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 337). (http,\n-000204e0: 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 0a20 192.0.2.1:339). \n-000204f0: 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 313a (http,[2001:\n-00020500: 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 0a0a db8::1]:11235)..\n-00020510: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 2047 If you boot G\n-00020520: 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f RUB from a CD-RO\n-00020530: 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 6973 M, ...(cd)... is\n-00020540: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f available. *No\n-00020550: 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 5542 te Making a.GRUB\n-00020560: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00020570: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e ::, for details.\n-00020580: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00020590: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 nfo, Node: File\n-000205a0: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e name syntax, N\n-000205b0: 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 ext: Block list \n-000205c0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 syntax, Prev: D\n-000205d0: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 evice syntax, U\n-000205e0: 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 p: Filesystem..1\n-000205f0: 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 3.2 How to speci\n-00020600: 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d fy files.=======\n+0001f720: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ****..GRUB uses \n+0001f730: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 a special syntax\n+0001f740: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 for specifying \n+0001f750: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 disk drives whic\n+0001f760: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 h can be.accesse\n+0001f770: 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 d by BIOS. Becau\n+0001f780: 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 se of BIOS limit\n+0001f790: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e ations, GRUB can\n+0001f7a0: 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a not distinguish.\n+0001f7b0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 between IDE, ESD\n+0001f7c0: 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 I, SCSI, or othe\n+0001f7d0: 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e rs. You must kn\n+0001f7e0: 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 ow yourself whic\n+0001f7f0: 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 h BIOS.device is\n+0001f800: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 equivalent to w\n+0001f810: 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 hich OS device. \n+0001f820: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 Normally, that \n+0001f830: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 will be clear.if\n+0001f840: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c you see the fil\n+0001f850: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f es in a device o\n+0001f860: 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e r use the comman\n+0001f870: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 d ...search... (\n+0001f880: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note.search::).\n+0001f890: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 ..* Menu:..* Dev\n+0001f8a0: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ice syntax:: \n+0001f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n+0001f8c0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001f8d0: 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 s.* File name sy\n+0001f8e0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f8f0: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 How to specify\n+0001f900: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c files.* Block l\n+0001f910: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ist syntax:: \n+0001f920: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n+0001f930: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n+0001f940: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+0001f950: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 info, Node: Dev\n+0001f960: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 ice syntax, Nex\n+0001f970: 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e t: File name syn\n+0001f980: 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 tax, Up: Filesy\n+0001f990: 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 stem..13.1 How t\n+0001f9a0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001f9b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0001f9c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0001f9d0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n+0001f9e0: 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a is like this:..\n+0001f9f0: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 (DEVICE[,PA\n+0001fa00: 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d RTMAP-NAME1PART-\n+0001fa10: 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 NUM1[,PARTMAP-NA\n+0001fa20: 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e ME2PART-NUM2[,..\n+0001fa30: 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 .]]]).. ...[].\n+0001fa40: 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 .. means the par\n+0001fa50: 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ameter is option\n+0001fa60: 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 al. DEVICE depe\n+0001fa70: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a nds on the disk.\n+0001fa80: 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 driver in use. \n+0001fa90: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 BIOS and EFI dis\n+0001faa0: 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 ks use either ..\n+0001fab0: 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 .fd... or ...hd.\n+0001fac0: 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 .. followed by a\n+0001fad0: 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 .digit, like ...\n+0001fae0: 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 fd0..., or ...cd\n+0001faf0: e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 .... AHCI, PATA\n+0001fb00: 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 (ata), crypto, \n+0001fb10: 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 USB use the name\n+0001fb20: 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f .of driver follo\n+0001fb30: 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e wed by a number.\n+0001fb40: 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f Memdisk and ho\n+0001fb50: 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 st are limited t\n+0001fb60: 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 o one.disk and s\n+0001fb70: 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a o it's refered j\n+0001fb80: 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 ust by driver na\n+0001fb90: 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 me. RAID (md), \n+0001fba0: 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 ofdisk.(ieee1275\n+0001fbb0: 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 and nand), LVM \n+0001fbc0: 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 (lvm), LDM, virt\n+0001fbd0: 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 io (vdsk) and ar\n+0001fbe0: 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a cdisk (arc) use.\n+0001fbf0: 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f intrinsic name o\n+0001fc00: 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 f disk prefixed \n+0001fc10: 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 by driver name. \n+0001fc20: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 Additionally ju\n+0001fc30: 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 st.\"nand\" refers\n+0001fc40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 to the disk ali\n+0001fc50: 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 ased as \"nand\". \n+0001fc60: 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 Conflicts are s\n+0001fc70: 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 olved by.suffixi\n+0001fc80: 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e ng a number if n\n+0001fc90: 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d ecessarry. Comm\n+0001fca0: 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 as need to be es\n+0001fcb0: 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b caped. Loopback\n+0001fcc0: 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e .uses whatever n\n+0001fcd0: 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ame specified to\n+0001fce0: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 ...loopback... \n+0001fcf0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 command. Hostdi\n+0001fd00: 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 sk uses names.sp\n+0001fd10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 ecified in devic\n+0001fd20: 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 e.map as long as\n+0001fd30: 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 it's of the for\n+0001fd40: 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f m [fhc]d[0-9]* o\n+0001fd50: 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 r.hostdisk/. For cry\n+0001fd70: 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 pto and RAID (md\n+0001fd80: 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 ) additionally y\n+0001fd90: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 ou can use.the s\n+0001fda0: 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 yntax uuid/. \n+0001fdc0: 2046 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f For LVM additio\n+0001fdd0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 nally you can us\n+0001fde0: 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d e.the syntax lvm\n+0001fdf0: 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 id//... (fd0\n+0001fe20: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 ). (hd0). \n+0001fe30: 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 (cd). (ahc\n+0001fe40: 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a i0). (ata0).\n+0001fe50: 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 (crypto0). \n+0001fe60: 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (usb0). \n+0001fe70: 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 (cryptouuid/1234\n+0001fe80: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 56789abcdef01234\n+0001fe90: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 56789abcdef0). \n+0001fea0: 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 (mduuid/12345\n+0001feb0: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 6789abcdef012345\n+0001fec0: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 6789abcdef0). \n+0001fed0: 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f (lvm/system-ro\n+0001fee0: 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f ot). (lvmid/\n+0001fef0: 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 F1ikgD-2RES-306G\n+0001ff00: 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d -il9M-7iwa-4NKW-\n+0001ff10: 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 EbV1NV/eLGuCQ-L4\n+0001ff20: 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 Ka-XUgR-sjtJ-ffc\n+0001ff30: 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 h-bajr-fCNfz5). \n+0001ff40: 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a (md/myraid).\n+0001ff50: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 (md/0). \n+0001ff60: 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 (ieee1275/disk2\n+0001ff70: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 ). (ieee1275\n+0001ff80: 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 //pci@1f\\,0/ide@\n+0001ff90: 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 d/disk@2). (\n+0001ffa0: 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 nand). (memd\n+0001ffb0: 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 isk). (host)\n+0001ffc0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 . (myloop). \n+0001ffd0: 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 (hostdisk//d\n+0001ffe0: 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 ev/sda).. PART\n+0001fff0: 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 -NUM represents \n+00020000: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n+00020010: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 mber of DEVICE, \n+00020020: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e starting from.on\n+00020030: 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 e. PARTNAME is \n+00020040: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 optional but is \n+00020050: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 recommended sinc\n+00020060: 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a e disk may have.\n+00020070: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 several top-leve\n+00020080: 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 l partmaps. Spe\n+00020090: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e cifying third an\n+000200a0: 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e d later componen\n+000200b0: 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 t you.can access\n+000200c0: 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e to subpartition\n+000200d0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 s... The synta\n+000200e0: 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 9920 7265 x ...(hd0)... re\n+000200f0: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 presents using t\n+00020100: 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2028 he entire disk (\n+00020110: 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 6865 6e0a or the MBR when.\n+00020120: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 installing GRUB)\n+00020130: 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7379 6e74 , while the synt\n+00020140: 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 29e2 8099 ax ...(hd0,1)...\n+00020150: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e represents usin\n+00020160: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 g the first.part\n+00020170: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n+00020180: 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 k (or the boot s\n+00020190: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 ector of the par\n+000201a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 tition when.inst\n+000201b0: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 2e0a 0a20 alling GRUB)... \n+000201c0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n+000201d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n+000201e0: 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 1,msdos5). (\n+000201f0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 hd0,msdos1,bsd3)\n+00020200: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 . (hd0,netbs\n+00020210: 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 d1). (hd0,gp\n+00020220: 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c t1). (hd0,1,\n+00020230: 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 3).. If you en\n+00020240: 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 abled the networ\n+00020250: 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 k support, the s\n+00020260: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 pecial drives...\n+00020270: 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 .(PROTOCOL[,SERV\n+00020280: 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f ER])... are also\n+00020290: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 available. Sup\n+000202a0: 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 ported protocols\n+000202b0: 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 are....http... \n+000202c0: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 and ...tftp.... \n+000202d0: 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d If SERVER is om\n+000202e0: 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 itted, value of \n+000202f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00020300: 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 able....net_defa\n+00020310: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 ult_server... is\n+00020320: 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 used. Before u\n+00020330: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b sing the network\n+00020340: 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 drive, you must\n+00020350: 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 .initialize the \n+00020360: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 network. *Note \n+00020370: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Network::, for m\n+00020380: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00020390: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 .. When using \n+000203a0: e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...http... or ..\n+000203b0: 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 .tftp..., ports \n+000203c0: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 other than ...80\n+000203d0: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ... can be speci\n+000203e0: 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c fied.using a col\n+000203f0: 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 on (...:...) aft\n+00020400: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 er the address. \n+00020410: 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e To avoid parsin\n+00020420: 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 g conflicts, whe\n+00020430: 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 n.using IPv6 add\n+00020440: 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 resses with cust\n+00020450: 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 om ports, the ad\n+00020460: 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 dresses must be \n+00020470: 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 enclosed.with sq\n+00020480: 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 uare brackets (.\n+00020490: 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 ..[]...), as is \n+000204a0: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 standard practic\n+000204b0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 e... (http,g\n+000204c0: 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a rub.example.com:\n+000204d0: 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 31337). (htt\n+000204e0: 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 p,192.0.2.1:339)\n+000204f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 . (http,[200\n+00020500: 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 1:db8::1]:11235)\n+00020510: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 .. If you boot\n+00020520: 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d GRUB from a CD-\n+00020530: 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 ROM, ...(cd)... \n+00020540: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a is available. *\n+00020550: 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 Note Making a.GR\n+00020560: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00020570: 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c OM::, for detail\n+00020580: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00020590: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+000205a0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 le name syntax, \n+000205b0: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 Next: Block lis\n+000205c0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a t syntax, Prev:\n+000205d0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 Device syntax, \n+000205e0: 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a Up: Filesystem.\n+000205f0: 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 .13.2 How to spe\n+00020600: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cify files.=====\n 00020610: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020620: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 ==..There are tw\n-00020630: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 o ways to specif\n-00020640: 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 9c61 y files, by ...a\n-00020650: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-00020660: 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 9c62 e... and by....b\n-00020670: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 lock list...... \n-00020680: 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 An absolute fi\n-00020690: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 le name resemble\n-000206a0: 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 s a Unix absolut\n-000206b0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 7369 e file name, usi\n-000206c0: 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 ng .../....for t\n-000206d0: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 6570 he directory sep\n-000206e0: 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 985c arator (not ...\\\n-000206f0: e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 ... as in DOS). \n-00020700: 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 One example is..\n-00020710: 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 ..(hd0,1)/boot/g\n-00020720: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e rub/grub.cfg....\n-00020730: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 This means the\n-00020740: 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 file .../boot/g\n-00020750: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 990a rub/grub.cfg....\n-00020760: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 in the first par\n-00020770: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n-00020780: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 rst hard disk. \n-00020790: 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 6520 If you omit the \n-000207a0: 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e 2061 device.name in a\n-000207b0: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 n absolute file \n-000207c0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 name, GRUB uses \n-000207d0: 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 GRUB's ...root d\n-000207e0: 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 evice....implici\n-000207f0: 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f 7520 tly. So if you \n-00020800: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n-00020810: 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 ice to, say, ...\n-00020820: 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 7468 (hd1,1)... by th\n-00020830: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6574 e.command ...set\n-00020840: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 root=(hd1,1)...\n-00020850: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 (*note set::), \n-00020860: 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 then .../boot/ke\n-00020870: 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 0a73 rnel... is the.s\n-00020880: 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 ame as ...(hd1,1\n-00020890: 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 )/boot/kernel...\n-000208a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 696c ... On ZFS fil\n-000208b0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 7273 esystem the firs\n-000208c0: 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 t path component\n-000208d0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 must be.VOLUME.\n-000208e0: 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f 545d ..@...[SNAPSHOT]\n-000208f0: 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 766f . So .../rootvo\n-00020900: 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f l@snap-129/boot/\n-00020910: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n-00020920: 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c 6520 refers.to file \n-00020930: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 .../boot/grub/gr\n-00020940: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 6e61 ub.cfg... in sna\n-00020950: 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 pshot of volume \n-00020960: e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 7769 ...rootvol... wi\n-00020970: 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 702d th name....snap-\n-00020980: 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c 696e 129.... Trailin\n-00020990: 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 7220 g ...@... after \n-000209a0: 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206d volume name is m\n-000209b0: 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 6966 andatory even if\n-000209c0: 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 .snapshot name i\n-000209d0: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 s omitted.....Fi\n-000209e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000209f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Node: Block list\n-00020a00: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n-00020a10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00020a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n-00020a30: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.3 How to s\n-00020a40: 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 pecify block lis\n-00020a50: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n+00020620: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 ====..There are \n+00020630: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 two ways to spec\n+00020640: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 ify files, by ..\n+00020650: 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e .absolute file n\n+00020660: 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 ame... and by...\n+00020670: 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a .block list.....\n+00020680: 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 . An absolute \n+00020690: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 file name resemb\n+000206a0: 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c les a Unix absol\n+000206b0: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 ute file name, u\n+000206c0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 sing .../....for\n+000206d0: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 the directory s\n+000206e0: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 eparator (not ..\n+000206f0: 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 .\\... as in DOS)\n+00020700: 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 . One example is\n+00020710: 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ....(hd0,1)/boot\n+00020720: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020730: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 .. This means t\n+00020740: 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 he file .../boot\n+00020750: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020760: 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 ..in the first p\n+00020770: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+00020780: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e first hard disk.\n+00020790: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 If you omit th\n+000207a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e e device.name in\n+000207b0: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n+000207c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 e name, GRUB use\n+000207d0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 s GRUB's ...root\n+000207e0: 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 device....impli\n+000207f0: 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f citly. So if yo\n+00020800: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 u set the root d\n+00020810: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 evice to, say, .\n+00020820: 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 ..(hd1,1)... by \n+00020830: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 the.command ...s\n+00020840: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 et root=(hd1,1).\n+00020850: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 .. (*note set::)\n+00020860: 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f , then .../boot/\n+00020870: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 kernel... is the\n+00020880: 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 .same as ...(hd1\n+00020890: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 ,1)/boot/kernel.\n+000208a0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 ..... On ZFS f\n+000208b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 ilesystem the fi\n+000208c0: 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 rst path compone\n+000208d0: 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d nt must be.VOLUM\n+000208e0: 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f E...@...[SNAPSHO\n+000208f0: 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 T]. So .../root\n+00020900: 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f vol@snap-129/boo\n+00020910: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+00020920: 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c .. refers.to fil\n+00020930: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f e .../boot/grub/\n+00020940: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 grub.cfg... in s\n+00020950: 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d napshot of volum\n+00020960: 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 e ...rootvol... \n+00020970: 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 with name....sna\n+00020980: 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c p-129.... Trail\n+00020990: 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 ing ...@... afte\n+000209a0: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 r volume name is\n+000209b0: 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 mandatory even \n+000209c0: 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 if.snapshot name\n+000209d0: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a is omitted.....\n+000209e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000209f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Node: Block li\n+00020a00: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 st syntax, Prev\n+00020a10: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n+00020a20: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n+00020a30: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f tem..13.3 How to\n+00020a40: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c specify block l\n+00020a50: 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ists.===========\n 00020a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020a70: 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ==..A block list\n-00020a80: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 7065 is used for spe\n-00020a90: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 2074 cifying a file t\n-00020aa0: 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 7065 hat doesn't appe\n-00020ab0: 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 ar in the.filesy\n-00020ac0: 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6861 stem, like a cha\n-00020ad0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 2073 inloader. The s\n-00020ae0: 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 yntax is....[OFF\n-00020af0: 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b SET]+[LENGTH][,[\n-00020b00: 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d OFFSET]+[LENGTH]\n-00020b10: 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 2069 ]....... Here i\n-00020b20: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n-00020b30: 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b 312c 0+100,200+1,\n-00020b40: 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 300+300,800+.. \n-00020b50: 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 This represents\n-00020b60: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c that GRUB shoul\n-00020b70: 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 d read blocks 0 \n-00020b80: 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 through 99, bloc\n-00020b90: 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 k 200,.blocks 30\n-00020ba0: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 2061 0 through 599, a\n-00020bb0: 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 756e nd blocks 800 un\n-00020bc0: 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 til the end of t\n-00020bd0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 0a79 he device. If.y\n-00020be0: 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 ou omit an offse\n-00020bf0: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 t, then GRUB ass\n-00020c00: 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 umes the offset \n-00020c10: 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 is zero. If the\n-00020c20: 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 7474 length.is omitt\n-00020c30: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 ed, then GRUB as\n-00020c40: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 sumes the block \n-00020c50: 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 6e74 list extends unt\n-00020c60: 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 7468 il the end of.th\n-00020c70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 e device... Li\n-00020c80: 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ke the file name\n-00020c90: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 syntax (*note F\n-00020ca0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-00020cb0: 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 :), if a blockli\n-00020cc0: 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 st.does not cont\n-00020cd0: 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ain a device nam\n-00020ce0: 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7365 e, then GRUB use\n-00020cf0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 s GRUB's ...root\n-00020d00: 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a device.... So.\n-00020d10: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 9920 ...(hd0,2)+1... \n-00020d20: 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 20e2 is the same as .\n-00020d30: 8098 2b31 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 ..+1... when the\n-00020d40: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 root device is \n-00020d50: e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e 0a0a ...(hd0,2)......\n-00020d60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00020d70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 7266 o, Node: Interf\n-00020d80: 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e 7669 ace, Next: Envi\n-00020d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ronment, Prev: \n-00020da0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a Filesystem, Up:\n-00020db0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 7320 Top..14 GRUB's \n-00020dc0: 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a user interface.*\n-00020dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 *******..GRUB ha\n-00020df0: 7320 626f 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 s both a simple \n-00020e00: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2066 menu interface f\n-00020e10: 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 6573 or choosing pres\n-00020e20: 6574 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 et entries from \n-00020e30: 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a.configuration \n-00020e40: 6669 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 6768 file, and a high\n-00020e50: 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d ly flexible comm\n-00020e60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 6572 and-line for per\n-00020e70: 666f 726d 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 7369 forming.any desi\n-00020e80: 7265 6420 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 red combination \n-00020e90: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of boot commands\n-00020ea0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 ... GRUB looks\n-00020eb0: 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 for its configu\n-00020ec0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 2073 ration file as s\n-00020ed0: 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 oon as it is loa\n-00020ee0: 6465 642e 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 ded. If.one is \n-00020ef0: 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 found, then the \n-00020f00: 6675 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 full menu interf\n-00020f10: 6163 6520 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 ace is activated\n-00020f20: 2075 7369 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 720a using whatever.\n-00020f30: 656e 7472 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 6f75 entries were fou\n-00020f40: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 nd in the file. \n-00020f50: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 If you choose t\n-00020f60: 6865 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 he ...command-li\n-00020f70: 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f ne... menu.optio\n-00020f80: 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 2063 6f6e n, or if the con\n-00020f90: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00020fa0: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c 2074 was not found, t\n-00020fb0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2064 726f 7073 2074 hen GRUB drops t\n-00020fc0: 6f0a 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 o.the command-li\n-00020fd0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a ne interface...*\n-00020fe0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e Menu:..* Comman\n-00020ff0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00021000: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666c 6578 :: The flex\n-00021010: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ible command-lin\n-00021020: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 e interface.* Me\n-00021030: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 nu interface:: \n-00021040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00021050: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n-00021060: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 rface.* Menu ent\n-00021070: 7279 2065 6469 746f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ry editor:: \n-00021080: 2020 2020 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 Editing a \n-00021090: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 menu entry....Fi\n-000210a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000210b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n-000210c0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e ne interface, N\n-000210d0: 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 ext: Menu interf\n-000210e0: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n-000210f0: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3120 5468 6520 666c ace..14.1 The fl\n-00021100: 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c exible command-l\n-00021110: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d ine interface.==\n+00020a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 ====..A block li\n+00020a80: 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 st is used for s\n+00020a90: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 pecifying a file\n+00020aa0: 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 that doesn't ap\n+00020ab0: 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 pear in the.file\n+00020ac0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 system, like a c\n+00020ad0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 hainloader. The\n+00020ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f syntax is....[O\n+00020af0: 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b FFSET]+[LENGTH][\n+00020b00: 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 ,[OFFSET]+[LENGT\n+00020b10: 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 H]]....... Here\n+00020b20: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n+00020b30: 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b . 0+100,200+\n+00020b40: 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 1,300+300,800+..\n+00020b50: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e This represen\n+00020b60: 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f ts that GRUB sho\n+00020b70: 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 uld read blocks \n+00020b80: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 0 through 99, bl\n+00020b90: 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 ock 200,.blocks \n+00020ba0: 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 300 through 599,\n+00020bb0: 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 and blocks 800 \n+00020bc0: 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 until the end of\n+00020bd0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 the device. If\n+00020be0: 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 .you omit an off\n+00020bf0: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 set, then GRUB a\n+00020c00: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 ssumes the offse\n+00020c10: 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 t is zero. If t\n+00020c20: 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 he length.is omi\n+00020c30: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 tted, then GRUB \n+00020c40: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 assumes the bloc\n+00020c50: 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 k list extends u\n+00020c60: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a ntil the end of.\n+00020c70: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 the device... \n+00020c80: 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 Like the file na\n+00020c90: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 me syntax (*note\n+00020ca0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00020cb0: 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b x::), if a block\n+00020cc0: 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f list.does not co\n+00020cd0: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e ntain a device n\n+00020ce0: 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 ame, then GRUB u\n+00020cf0: 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f ses GRUB's ...ro\n+00020d00: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 ot device.... S\n+00020d10: 6f0a e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2b31 e280 o....(hd0,2)+1..\n+00020d20: 9920 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 . is the same as\n+00020d30: 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 ...+1... when t\n+00020d40: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2069 he root device i\n+00020d50: 7320 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 e280 992e s ...(hd0,2)....\n+00020d60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00020d70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 nfo, Node: Inte\n+00020d80: 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 456e rface, Next: En\n+00020d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5072 6576 vironment, Prev\n+00020da0: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 : Filesystem, U\n+00020db0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 2047 5255 4227 p: Top..14 GRUB'\n+00020dc0: 7320 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 s user interface\n+00020dd0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+00020de0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n+00020df0: 6861 7320 626f 7468 2061 2073 696d 706c has both a simpl\n+00020e00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00020e10: 2066 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 696e 6720 7072 for choosing pr\n+00020e20: 6573 6574 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f eset entries fro\n+00020e30: 6d20 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f m a.configuratio\n+00020e40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6869 n file, and a hi\n+00020e50: 6768 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f ghly flexible co\n+00020e60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2070 mmand-line for p\n+00020e70: 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 616e 7920 6465 erforming.any de\n+00020e80: 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f sired combinatio\n+00020e90: 6e20 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d6d 616e n of boot comman\n+00020ea0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 206c 6f6f ds... 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The c\n-00021230: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ommands (*note C\n-00021240: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 ommands::) are a\n-00021250: 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f 7365 subset.of those\n-00021260: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 available in th\n-00021270: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-00021280: 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 file, used with \n-00021290: 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 6d65 exactly the same\n-000212a0: 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 .syntax... Cur\n-000212b0: 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 sor movement and\n-000212c0: 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 editing of the \n-000212d0: 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 text on the line\n-000212e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 6961 can be done via\n-000212f0: 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 a.subset of the\n-00021300: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 696c functions avail\n-00021310: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 7368 able in the Bash\n-00021320: 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e 0a3c shell:...<\n-00021330: 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b 6579 3e0a 2020 PC right key>. \n-00021340: 2020 204d 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 6420 Move forward \n-00021350: 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a one character...\n-00021360: 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 6674 206b .. Move ba\n-00021380: 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ck one character\n-00021390: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 3e0a .....\n-000213a0: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 746f 2074 6865 Move to the\n-000213b0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 start of the li\n-000213c0: 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c 454e 443e ne....\n-000213d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6865 2074 . Move the t\n-000213e0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 he end of the li\n-000213f0: 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c 4445 4c3e ne....\n-00021400: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 . Delete the\n-00021410: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 6572 character under\n-00021420: 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 neath the cursor\n-00021430: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a 2020 ..... \n-00021440: 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 Delete the ch\n-00021450: 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 206c aracter to the l\n-00021460: 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f eft of the curso\n-00021470: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 204b r.... K\n-00021480: 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 726f ill the text fro\n-00021490: 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6375 m the current cu\n-000214a0: 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 746f rsor position to\n-000214b0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 650a the end of the.\n-000214c0: 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d75 line.... Kill back\n-000214e0: 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 ward from the cu\n-000214f0: 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 6769 rsor to the begi\n-00021500: 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e nning of the lin\n-00021510: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 2059 e.... Y\n-00021520: 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 2074 ank the killed t\n-00021530: 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ext back into th\n-00021540: 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 e buffer at the \n-00021550: 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e 0a3c cursor....<\n-00021560: 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 2020 PC up key>. \n-00021570: 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 6820 Move up through \n-00021580: 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 the history list\n-00021590: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 6f77 ..... Move\n-000215b0: 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 down through th\n-000215c0: 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a e history list..\n-000215d0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e 6720 . When typing \n-000215e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 6163 commands interac\n-000215f0: 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2063 tively, if the c\n-00021600: 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 6e20 ursor is within \n-00021610: 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 6669 or before.the fi\n-00021620: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rst word in the \n-00021630: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 command-line, pr\n-00021640: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 423e essing the \n-00021650: 206b 6579 2028 6f72 203c 432d 693e 290a key (or ).\n-00021660: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c will display a l\n-00021670: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6176 isting of the av\n-00021680: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-00021690: 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 , and if the cur\n-000216a0: 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 6865 sor is.after the\n-000216b0: 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 6865 first word, the\n-000216c0: 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 696c ...... wil\n-000216d0: 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f 6d70 l provide a comp\n-000216e0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f letion listing o\n-000216f0: 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 7469 f.disks, partiti\n-00021700: 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6e61 ons, and file na\n-00021710: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e mes depending on\n-00021720: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 204e the context. N\n-00021730: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 ote that.to obta\n-00021740: 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 in a list of dri\n-00021750: 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 6f70 ves, one must op\n-00021760: 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6973 en a parenthesis\n-00021770: 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 e280 , as ...root (..\n-00021780: 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 .... Note that\n-00021790: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 you cannot use \n-000217a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 the completion f\n-000217b0: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 unctionality in \n-000217c0: 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 7973 the TFTP.filesys\n-000217d0: 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6265 tem. This is be\n-000217e0: 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 736e cause TFTP doesn\n-000217f0: 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c 6520 't support file \n-00021800: 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 name listing for\n-00021810: 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e 0a0a .the security...\n-00021820: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00021830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e o, Node: Comman\n-00021840: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00021850: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n-00021860: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n-00021870: 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 terface.. (1) \n-00021880: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6265 However, this be\n-00021890: 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 havior will be c\n-000218a0: 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 hanged in the fu\n-000218b0: 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e ture version, in\n-000218c0: 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 626c .a user-invisibl\n-000218d0: 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e way.....File: \n-000218e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000218f0: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 : Menu interface\n-00021900: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 656e , Next: Menu en\n-00021910: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 try editor, Pre\n-00021920: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 v: Command-line \n-00021930: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 interface, Up: \n-00021940: 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3220 Interface..14.2 \n-00021950: 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 The simple menu \n-00021960: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d interface.======\n+00021140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 636f ========..The co\n+00021150: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+00021160: 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 face provides a \n+00021170: 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 2061 6674 6572 prompt and after\n+00021180: 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 7461 626c 650a it an editable.\n+00021190: 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 6d75 6368 206c text area much l\n+000211a0: 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ike a command-li\n+000211b0: 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 206f 7220 444f ne in Unix or DO\n+000211c0: 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 S. 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C\n+000212b0: 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 ursor movement a\n+000212c0: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 nd editing of th\n+000212d0: 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 e text on the li\n+000212e0: 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 ne can be done v\n+000212f0: 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 ia a.subset of t\n+00021300: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 he functions ava\n+00021310: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 ilable in the Ba\n+00021320: 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e sh shell:..\n+00021330: 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b 6579 3e0a ..\n+00021340: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 Move forwar\n+00021350: 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e d one character.\n+00021360: 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 6674 .... Move \n+00021380: 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 back one charact\n+00021390: 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 er..... 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Delete t\n+00021410: 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 he character und\n+00021420: 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 erneath the curs\n+00021430: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a or.....\n+00021440: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n+00021450: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 character to the\n+00021460: 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 left of the cur\n+00021470: 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 sor.... \n+00021480: 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 Kill the text f\n+00021490: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 rom the current \n+000214a0: 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 cursor position \n+000214b0: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n+000214c0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 e. line.... Kill ba\n+000214e0: 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ckward from the \n+000214f0: 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 cursor to the be\n+00021500: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c ginning of the l\n+00021510: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 ine.... \n+00021520: 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 Yank the killed\n+00021530: 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 text back into \n+00021540: 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 the buffer at th\n+00021550: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e e cursor...\n+00021560: 0a3c 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 .. \n+00021570: 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 Move up throug\n+00021580: 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 h the history li\n+00021590: 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 st..... Mo\n+000215b0: 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 ve down through \n+000215c0: 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 the history list\n+000215d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e ... 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Note th\n+00021790: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 at you cannot us\n+000217a0: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e e the completion\n+000217b0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 functionality i\n+000217c0: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 n the TFTP.files\n+000217d0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ystem. This is \n+000217e0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 because TFTP doe\n+000217f0: 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c sn't support fil\n+00021800: 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 e name listing f\n+00021810: 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e or.the security.\n+00021820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00021830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n+00021840: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00021850: 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ce-Footnotes, U\n+00021860: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00021870: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 interface.. (1\n+00021880: 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 ) However, this \n+00021890: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 behavior will be\n+000218a0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 changed in the \n+000218b0: 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 future version, \n+000218c0: 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 in.a user-invisi\n+000218d0: 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ble way.....File\n+000218e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000218f0: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 de: Menu interfa\n+00021900: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 ce, Next: Menu \n+00021910: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n+00021920: 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rev: Command-lin\n+00021930: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 e interface, Up\n+00021940: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n+00021950: 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 2 The simple men\n+00021960: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d u interface.====\n 00021970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 ========..The me\n-00021990: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 nu interface is \n-000219a0: 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7573 quite easy to us\n-000219b0: 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 e. Its commands\n-000219c0: 2061 7265 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 6f6e are both.reason\n-000219d0: 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 2061 ably intuitive a\n-000219e0: 6e64 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 nd described on \n-000219f0: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 7369 screen... Basi\n-00021a00: 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 cally, the menu \n-00021a10: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 interface provid\n-00021a20: 6573 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 809c es a list of ...\n-00021a30: 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 boot entries... \n-00021a40: 746f 0a74 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2063 to.the user to c\n-00021a50: 686f 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 hoose from. Use\n-00021a60: 2074 6865 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 7320 the arrow keys \n-00021a70: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 656e to select the en\n-00021a80: 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c 2074 try of.choice, t\n-00021a90: 6865 6e20 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 hen press \n-00021aa0: 746f 2072 756e 2069 742e 2020 416e 206f to run it. An o\n-00021ab0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 ptional timeout \n-00021ac0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a is available to.\n-00021ad0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n-00021ae0: 2065 6e74 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 7273 entry (the firs\n-00021af0: 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 t one if not set\n-00021b00: 292c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 6f72 ), which is abor\n-00021b10: 7465 6420 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e 6720 ted by.pressing \n-00021b20: 616e 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d any key... Com\n-00021b30: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 mands are availa\n-00021b40: 626c 6520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 2062 ble to enter a b\n-00021b50: 6172 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 are command-line\n-00021b60: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 633e by pressing \n-00021b70: 0a28 7768 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 6573 .(which operates\n-00021b80: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 7468 exactly like th\n-00021b90: 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 696c e non-config-fil\n-00021ba0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 e version of GRU\n-00021bb0: 422c 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e B, but.allows on\n-00021bc0: 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2074 e to return to t\n-00021bd0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 6972 he menu if desir\n-00021be0: 6564 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c ed by pressing <\n-00021bf0: 4553 433e 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 ESC>) or to.edit\n-00021c00: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c62 any of the ...b\n-00021c10: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2062 oot entries... b\n-00021c20: 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a y pressing ..\n-00021c30: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f 7465 . If you prote\n-00021c40: 6374 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 ct the menu inte\n-00021c50: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 6173 rface with a pas\n-00021c60: 7377 6f72 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 sword (*note Sec\n-00021c70: 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f urity::),.all yo\n-00021c80: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 6f6f u can do is choo\n-00021c90: 7365 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 2070 se an entry by p\n-00021ca0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f ressing , o\n-00021cb0: 7220 7072 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 r press

to.e\n-00021cc0: 6e74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nter the passwor\n-00021cd0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 d... Pressing \n-00021ce0: 3c43 7472 6c2d 6c3e 2077 696c 6c20 7265 will re\n-00021cf0: 6672 6573 6820 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 fresh the menu, \n-00021d00: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 which can be use\n-00021d10: 6675 6c20 7768 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 ful when.connect\n-00021d20: 696e 6720 7669 6120 7365 7269 616c 2061 ing via serial a\n-00021d30: 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6861 fter the menu ha\n-00021d40: 7320 6265 656e 2064 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f s been drawn....\n-00021d50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00021d60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 656e , Node: Menu en\n-00021d70: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 try editor, Pre\n-00021d80: 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 v: Menu interfac\n-00021d90: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 e, Up: Interfac\n-00021da0: 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e 6720 e..14.3 Editing \n-00021db0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d a menu entry.===\n+00021980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00021990: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 menu interface i\n+000219a0: 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 s quite easy to \n+000219b0: 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e use. Its comman\n+000219c0: 6473 2061 7265 2062 6f74 680a 7265 6173 ds are both.reas\n+000219d0: 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 7569 7469 7665 onably intuitive\n+000219e0: 2061 6e64 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f and described o\n+000219f0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4261 n screen... Ba\n+00021a00: 7369 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 206d 656e sically, the men\n+00021a10: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 u interface prov\n+00021a20: 6964 6573 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 20e2 ides a list of .\n+00021a30: 809c 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 e280 ..boot entries..\n+00021a40: 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f . to.the user to\n+00021a50: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6672 6f6d 2e20 2055 choose from. U\n+00021a60: 7365 2074 6865 2061 7272 6f77 206b 6579 se the arrow key\n+00021a70: 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 s to select the \n+00021a80: 656e 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 686f 6963 652c entry of.choice,\n+00021a90: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6573 7320 3c52 4554 then press to run it. An\n+00021ab0: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7469 6d65 6f75 optional timeou\n+00021ac0: 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 t is available t\n+00021ad0: 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 o.boot the defau\n+00021ae0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2028 7468 6520 6669 lt entry (the fi\n+00021af0: 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 206e 6f74 2073 rst one if not s\n+00021b00: 6574 292c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6162 et), which is ab\n+00021b10: 6f72 7465 6420 6279 0a70 7265 7373 696e orted by.pressin\n+00021b20: 6720 616e 7920 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2043 g any key... C\n+00021b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 ommands are avai\n+00021b40: 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2061 lable to enter a\n+00021b50: 2062 6172 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 bare command-li\n+00021b60: 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c ne by pressing <\n+00021b70: 633e 0a28 7768 6963 6820 6f70 6572 6174 c>.(which operat\n+00021b80: 6573 2065 7861 6374 6c79 206c 696b 6520 es exactly like \n+00021b90: 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6e66 6967 2d66 the non-config-f\n+00021ba0: 696c 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 ile version of G\n+00021bb0: 5255 422c 2062 7574 0a61 6c6c 6f77 7320 RUB, but.allows \n+00021bc0: 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f one to return to\n+00021bd0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6966 2064 6573 the menu if des\n+00021be0: 6972 6564 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 ired by pressing\n+00021bf0: 203c 4553 433e 2920 6f72 2074 6f0a 6564 ) or to.ed\n+00021c00: 6974 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 it any of the ..\n+00021c10: 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d .boot entries...\n+00021c20: 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 653e by pressing \n+00021c30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 726f ... If you pro\n+00021c40: 7465 6374 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e tect the menu in\n+00021c50: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 2061 2070 terface with a p\n+00021c60: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 assword (*note S\n+00021c70: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2c0a 616c 6c20 ecurity::),.all \n+00021c80: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2069 7320 6368 you can do is ch\n+00021c90: 6f6f 7365 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6279 oose an entry by\n+00021ca0: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 4554 3e2c pressing ,\n+00021cb0: 206f 7220 7072 6573 7320 3c70 3e20 746f or press

to\n+00021cc0: 0a65 6e74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 .enter the passw\n+00021cd0: 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 2050 7265 7373 696e ord... Pressin\n+00021ce0: 6720 3c43 7472 6c2d 6c3e 2077 696c 6c20 g will \n+00021cf0: 7265 6672 6573 6820 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 refresh the menu\n+00021d00: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 , which can be u\n+00021d10: 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 0a63 6f6e 6e65 seful when.conne\n+00021d20: 6374 696e 6720 7669 6120 7365 7269 616c cting via serial\n+00021d30: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n+00021d40: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2064 7261 776e 2e0a has been drawn..\n+00021d50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00021d60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 fo, Node: Menu \n+00021d70: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n+00021d80: 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 rev: Menu interf\n+00021d90: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n+00021da0: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e ace..14.3 Editin\n+00021db0: 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d g a menu entry.=\n 00021dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 ======..The menu\n-00021de0: 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 7220 6c6f entry editor lo\n-00021df0: 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 7468 oks much like th\n-00021e00: 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 e main menu inte\n-00021e10: 7266 6163 652c 2062 7574 2074 6865 0a6c rface, but the.l\n-00021e20: 696e 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ines in the menu\n-00021e30: 2061 7265 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 6c20 are individual \n-00021e40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 commands in the \n-00021e50: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2069 selected entry i\n-00021e60: 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 7920 nstead.of entry \n-00021e70: 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 616e names... 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For an alter\n-00022920: 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 native approach \n-00022930: 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 6e67 which also chang\n-00022940: 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 6d61 es BIOS drive ma\n-00022950: 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2063 ppings.for the c\n-00022960: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 7374 hain-loaded syst\n-00022970: 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d em, *note drivem\n-00022980: 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ap::.....File: g\n-00022990: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000229a0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-000229b0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 656e s, Next: chosen\n-000229c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e 756d , Prev: biosnum\n-000229d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000229e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000229f0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 bles..15.1.2 che\n-00022a00: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2d2d ck_signatures.--\n+00022390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000223a0: 0a54 6865 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 .These variables\n+000223b0: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 have special me\n+000223c0: 616e 696e 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a aning to GRUB...\n+000223d0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e * Menu:..* biosn\n+000223e0: 756d 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 um::.* check_sig\n+000223f0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 natures::.* chos\n+00022400: 656e 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a en::.* cmdpath::\n+00022410: 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 .* color_highlig\n+00022420: 6874 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 ht::.* color_nor\n+00022430: 6d61 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 mal::.* config_d\n+00022440: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e irectory::.* con\n+00022450: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6562 fig_file::.* deb\n+00022460: 7567 3a3a 0a2a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a ug::.* default::\n+00022470: 0a2a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 .* fallback::.* \n+00022480: 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7870 gfxmode::.* gfxp\n+00022490: 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7465 ayload::.* gfxte\n+000224a0: 726d 5f66 6f6e 743a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 rm_font::.* grub\n+000224b0: 5f63 7075 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f 706c _cpu::.* grub_pl\n+000224c0: 6174 666f 726d 3a3a 0a2a 2069 636f 6e64 atform::.* icond\n+000224d0: 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c 616e 673a 3a0a 2a20 ir::.* lang::.* \n+000224e0: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 0a2a 206c locale_dir::.* l\n+000224f0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 ockdown::.* menu\n+00022500: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n+00022510: 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ::.* menu_color_\n+00022520: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c normal::.* net_<\n+00022530: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n+00022540: 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e file::.* net__clienti\n+00022560: 643a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 d::.* net__clientuuid\n+00022580: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__dhcp_server\n+000225a0: 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 _name::.* net__domain\n+000225c0: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__extensionsp\n+000225e0: 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ath::.* net__hostname\n+00022600: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ::.* net__ip::.* net_\n+00022620: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 633a _mac:\n+00022630: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__next_server:\n+00022650: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__rootpath::.*\n+00022670: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+00022680: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 erface::.* net_d\n+00022690: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 efault_ip::.* ne\n+000226a0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 633a 3a0a t_default_mac::.\n+000226b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 * net_default_se\n+000226c0: 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 6167 6572 3a3a rver::.* pager::\n+000226d0: 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a0a 2a20 7078 .* prefix::.* px\n+000226e0: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a 2a20 7078 e_blksize::.* px\n+000226f0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n+00022700: 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c y::.* pxe_defaul\n+00022710: 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2072 6f6f t_server::.* roo\n+00022720: 743a 3a0a 2a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b3a t::.* shim_lock:\n+00022730: 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a :.* superusers::\n+00022740: 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d .* theme::.* tim\n+00022750: 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 eout::.* timeout\n+00022760: 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 706d 5f66 _style::.* tpm_f\n+00022770: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 ail_fatal::....F\n+00022780: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00022790: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 Node: biosnum, \n+000227a0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Next: check_sig\n+000227b0: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 natures, Up: Sp\n+000227c0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000227d0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000227e0: 312e 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 1.1 biosnum.----\n+000227f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e ----------..When\n+00022800: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 chain-loading a\n+00022810: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 nother boot load\n+00022820: 6572 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d er (*note Chain-\n+00022830: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 loading::), GRUB\n+00022840: 206d 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f may.need to kno\n+00022850: 7720 7768 6174 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 w what BIOS driv\n+00022860: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 6f72 7265 7370 e number corresp\n+00022870: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 onds to the root\n+00022880: 2064 6576 6963 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2072 device.(*note r\n+00022890: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 oot::) so that i\n+000228a0: 7420 6361 6e20 7365 7420 7570 2072 6567 t can set up reg\n+000228b0: 6973 7465 7273 2070 726f 7065 726c 792e isters properly.\n+000228c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 494f 534e 554d If the BIOSNUM\n+000228d0: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 .variable is set\n+000228e0: 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2047 , it overrides G\n+000228f0: 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 616e 7320 RUB's own means \n+00022900: 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 6973 of guessing this\n+00022910: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e 2061 6c74 ... For an alt\n+00022920: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 ernative approac\n+00022930: 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 h which also cha\n+00022940: 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 nges BIOS drive \n+00022950: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 mappings.for the\n+00022960: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 chain-loaded sy\n+00022970: 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 stem, *note driv\n+00022980: 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a emap::.....File:\n+00022990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000229a0: 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 e: check_signatu\n+000229b0: 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 res, Next: chos\n+000229c0: 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e en, Prev: biosn\n+000229d0: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c um, Up: Special\n+000229e0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000229f0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 iables..15.1.2 c\n+00022a00: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a heck_signatures.\n 00022a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00022a30: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 able controls wh\n-00022a40: 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 ether GRUB enfor\n-00022a50: 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ces digital sign\n-00022a60: 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e ature.validation\n-00022a70: 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c 6573 on loaded files\n-00022a80: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-00022a90: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00022aa0: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s::.....File: gr\n-00022ab0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022ac0: 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 chosen, Next: c\n-00022ad0: 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 mdpath, Prev: c\n-00022ae0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c heck_signatures,\n-00022af0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00022b00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00022b10: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 6f73 les..15.1.3 chos\n-00022b20: 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d en.-------------\n-00022b30: 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 ..When executing\n-00022b40: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2047 a menu entry, G\n-00022b50: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 484f RUB sets the CHO\n-00022b60: 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 SEN variable to \n-00022b70: 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 6865 the title.of the\n-00022b80: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 7865 entry being exe\n-00022b90: 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 cuted... If th\n-00022ba0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 e menu entry is \n-00022bb0: 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 in one or more s\n-00022bc0: 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 4348 ubmenus, then CH\n-00022bd0: 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a74 OSEN is set to.t\n-00022be0: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 6163 he titles of eac\n-00022bf0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 h of the submenu\n-00022c00: 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 s starting from \n-00022c10: 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 666f the top level fo\n-00022c20: 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 7469 llowed.by the ti\n-00022c30: 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 tle of the menu \n-00022c40: 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 entry itself, se\n-00022c50: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 parated by ...>.\n-00022c60: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00022c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00022c80: 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 mdpath, Next: c\n-00022c90: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00022ca0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 Prev: chosen, \n-00022cb0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00022cc0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00022cd0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 6174 s..15.1.4 cmdpat\n-00022ce0: 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h.--------------\n-00022cf0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 ..The location f\n-00022d00: 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 6f72 rom which ...cor\n-00022d10: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c 6f61 e.img... was loa\n-00022d20: 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ded as an absolu\n-00022d30: 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e 616d te directory.nam\n-00022d40: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e (*note File na\n-00022d50: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 me syntax::). T\n-00022d60: 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 his is set by GR\n-00022d70: 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 UB at startup ba\n-00022d80: 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 sed.on informati\n-00022d90: 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 2070 on returned by p\n-00022da0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 latform firmware\n-00022db0: 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 6c61 . Not every pla\n-00022dc0: 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2074 tform.provides t\n-00022dd0: 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 his information \n-00022de0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 6574 and some may ret\n-00022df0: 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 6520 urn only device \n-00022e00: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e 616d without path.nam\n-00022e10: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00022e20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n-00022e30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-00022e40: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d Next: color_norm\n-00022e50: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 7061 al, Prev: cmdpa\n-00022e60: 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c th, Up: Special\n-00022e70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00022e80: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 iables..15.1.5 c\n-00022e90: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d olor_highlight.-\n-00022ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00022ec0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n-00022ed0: 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 666f e \"highlight\" fo\n-00022ee0: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n-00022ef0: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e 616c kground.terminal\n-00022f00: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 colors, separat\n-00022f10: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n-00022f20: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n-00022f30: 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a g this variable.\n-00022f40: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f changes those co\n-00022f50: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 lors. For the a\n-00022f60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e vailable color n\n-00022f70: 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f ames, *note.colo\n-00022f80: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 r_normal::... \n-00022f90: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n-00022fa0: 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d 6772 ..black/light-gr\n-00022fb0: 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ay........File: \n-00022fc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00022fd0: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n-00022fe0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Next: config_di\n-00022ff0: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rectory, Prev: \n-00023000: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-00023010: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00023020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00023030: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f 6c6f les..15.1.6 colo\n-00023040: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_normal.-------\n-00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00023060: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n-00023070: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d 616c ains the \"normal\n-00023080: 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 \" foreground and\n-00023090: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 726d background term\n-000230a0: 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 inal.colors, sep\n-000230b0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 arated by a slas\n-000230c0: 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 h (.../...). Se\n-000230d0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting this varia\n-000230e0: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble changes thos\n-000230f0: 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 6820 e.colors. Each \n-00023100: 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 color must be a \n-00023110: 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f name from the fo\n-00023120: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 llowing list:.. \n-00023130: 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 ... black. .\n-00023140: 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 .. blue. ... g\n-00023150: 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 616e reen. ... cyan\n-00023160: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 20e2 . ... red. .\n-00023170: 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 .. magenta. ..\n-00023180: a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c . brown. ... l\n-00023190: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 ight-gray. ...\n-000231a0: 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 dark-gray. ..\n-000231b0: a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 2020 . light-blue. \n-000231c0: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 6e0a ... light-green.\n-000231d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 7961 ... light-cya\n-000231e0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d72 n. ... light-r\n-000231f0: 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ed. ... light-\n-00023200: 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 magenta. ... y\n-00023210: 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 ellow. ... whi\n-00023220: 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 te.. The defau\n-00023230: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 2d67 lt is ...light-g\n-00023240: 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ray/black...... \n-00023250: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 The color supp\n-00023260: 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 7269 ort support vari\n-00023270: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e 616c es from terminal\n-00023280: 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 to terminal... \n-00023290: 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 6861 ...morse... ha\n-000232a0: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f s no color suppo\n-000232b0: 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 rt at all... .\n-000232c0: 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 636f ..mda_text... co\n-000232d0: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c lor support is l\n-000232e0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 imited to highli\n-000232f0: 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f ghting by black/\n-00023300: 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a white.reversal..\n-00023310: 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 . ...console..\n-00023320: 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 616e . on ARC, EMU an\n-00023330: 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 9873 d IEEE1275, ...s\n-00023340: 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 erial_*... and .\n-00023350: 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 6172 ..spkmodem... ar\n-00023360: 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 7465 e.governed by te\n-00023370: 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f rminfo and suppo\n-00023380: 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 rt only 8 colors\n-00023390: 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 if in modes ...\n-000233a0: 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 vt100-color....(\n-000233b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 default for cons\n-000233c0: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 ole on emu), ...\n-000233d0: 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 arc... 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When in \n-00023430: 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 mode ...vt100...\n-00023440: 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 then.the color \n-00023450: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 support is limit\n-00023460: 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 ed to highlighti\n-00023470: 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 ng by black/whit\n-00023480: 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 656e e reversal..When\n-00023490: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 in mode ...dumb\n-000234a0: e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 ... there is no \n-000234b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a color support...\n-000234c0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 When console \n-000234d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f supports no colo\n-000234e0: 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 rs this setting \n-000234f0: 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 6865 is ignored. Whe\n-00023500: 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 n.console suppor\n-00023510: 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 6865 ts 8 colors, the\n-00023520: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 726f n the colors fro\n-00023530: 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 616c m the second hal\n-00023540: 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 f of the.previou\n-00023550: 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 7065 s list are mappe\n-00023560: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e d to the matchin\n-00023570: 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 7273 g colors of firs\n-00023580: 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 t half... ...c\n-00023590: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 onsole... on EFI\n-000235a0: 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 e280 and BIOS and ..\n-000235b0: 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 7570 .vga_text... sup\n-000235c0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f port all 16 colo\n-000235d0: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 rs... ...gfxte\n-000235e0: 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 rm... supports a\n-000235f0: 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 ll 16 colors and\n-00023600: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f 7265 would be theore\n-00023610: 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 6162 tically.extendab\n-00023620: 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7768 le to support wh\n-00023630: 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 7474 ole rgb24 palett\n-00023640: 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 e but currently \n-00023650: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 there is no.comp\n-00023660: 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 746f elling reason to\n-00023670: 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 2063 go beyond the c\n-00023680: 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 urrent 16 colors\n-00023690: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000236a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e info, Node: con\n-000236b0: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n-000236c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c Next: config_fil\n-000236d0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f e, Prev: color_\n-000236e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 normal, Up: Spe\n-000236f0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00023700: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00023710: 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 .7 config_direct\n-00023720: 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ory.------------\n-00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023740: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 s variable is au\n-00023750: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 tomatically set \n-00023760: 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 2064 by GRUB to the d\n-00023770: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 6f66 irectory part of\n-00023780: 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 .current configu\n-00023790: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ration file name\n-000237a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 (*note config_f\n-000237b0: 696c 653a 3a29 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fil\n+00022a80: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 es. *Note Using\n+00022a90: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00022aa0: 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 res::.....File: \n+00022ab0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022ac0: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a : chosen, Next:\n+00022ad0: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmdpath, Prev:\n+00022ae0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00022af0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 s, Up: Special \n+00022b00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022b10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 ables..15.1.3 ch\n+00022b20: 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d osen.-----------\n+00022b30: 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 --..When executi\n+00022b40: 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c ng a menu entry,\n+00022b50: 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 GRUB sets the C\n+00022b60: 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 HOSEN variable t\n+00022b70: 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 o the title.of t\n+00022b80: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 he entry being e\n+00022b90: 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 xecuted... If \n+00022ba0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the menu entry i\n+00022bb0: 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 s in one or more\n+00022bc0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 submenus, then \n+00022bd0: 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f CHOSEN is set to\n+00022be0: 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 .the titles of e\n+00022bf0: 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 ach of the subme\n+00022c00: 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f nus starting fro\n+00022c10: 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 m the top level \n+00022c20: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 followed.by the \n+00022c30: 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e title of the men\n+00022c40: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 u entry itself, \n+00022c50: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 separated by ...\n+00022c60: 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 >........File: g\n+00022c70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022c80: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmdpath, Next:\n+00022c90: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c , Prev: chosen,\n+00022cb0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00022cc0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00022cd0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 les..15.1.4 cmdp\n+00022ce0: 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ath.------------\n+00022cf0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+00022d00: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 from which ...c\n+00022d10: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c ore.img... was l\n+00022d20: 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f oaded as an abso\n+00022d30: 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e lute directory.n\n+00022d40: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n+00022d50: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 name syntax::). \n+00022d60: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 This is set by \n+00022d70: 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 GRUB at startup \n+00022d80: 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 based.on informa\n+00022d90: 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 tion returned by\n+00022da0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 platform firmwa\n+00022db0: 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 re. Not every p\n+00022dc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 latform.provides\n+00022dd0: 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f this informatio\n+00022de0: 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 n and some may r\n+00022df0: 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 eturn only devic\n+00022e00: 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e e without path.n\n+00022e10: 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ame.....File: gr\n+00022e20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00022e30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n+00022e40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Next: color_no\n+00022e50: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 rmal, Prev: cmd\n+00022e60: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 path, Up: Speci\n+00022e70: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00022e80: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 ariables..15.1.5\n+00022e90: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022ea0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00022ec0: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00022ed0: 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 the \"highlight\" \n+00022ee0: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n+00022ef0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e ackground.termin\n+00022f00: 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 al colors, separ\n+00022f10: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n+00022f20: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n+00022f30: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing this variabl\n+00022f40: 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 e.changes those \n+00022f50: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 colors. For the\n+00022f60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 available color\n+00022f70: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f names, *note.co\n+00022f80: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 lor_normal::... \n+00022f90: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00022fa0: 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d ...black/light-\n+00022fb0: 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 gray........File\n+00022fc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00022fd0: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c de: color_normal\n+00022fe0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Next: config_\n+00022ff0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 directory, Prev\n+00023000: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+00023010: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00023020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00023030: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f ables..15.1.6 co\n+00023040: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lor_normal.-----\n+00023050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023060: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00023070: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d ntains the \"norm\n+00023080: 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 al\" foreground a\n+00023090: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 nd background te\n+000230a0: 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 rminal.colors, s\n+000230b0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n+000230c0: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n+000230d0: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting this var\n+000230e0: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n+000230f0: 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 ose.colors. Eac\n+00023100: 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 h color must be \n+00023110: 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 a name from the \n+00023120: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a following list:.\n+00023130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 . ... black. \n+00023140: 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... blue. ...\n+00023150: 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 green. ... cy\n+00023160: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 an. ... red. \n+00023170: 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 ... magenta. \n+00023180: e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... brown. ...\n+00023190: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 light-gray. .\n+000231a0: 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 .. dark-gray. \n+000231b0: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 ... light-blue. \n+000231c0: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 ... light-gree\n+000231d0: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 n. ... light-c\n+000231e0: 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 yan. ... light\n+000231f0: 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 -red. ... ligh\n+00023200: 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 t-magenta. ...\n+00023210: 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 yellow. ... w\n+00023220: 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 hite.. The def\n+00023230: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 ault is ...light\n+00023240: 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a -gray/black.....\n+00023250: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 . The color su\n+00023260: 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 pport support va\n+00023270: 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e ries from termin\n+00023280: 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a al to terminal..\n+00023290: 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 . ...morse... \n+000232a0: 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 has no color sup\n+000232b0: 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 port at all... \n+000232c0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+000232d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 color support is\n+000232e0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 limited to high\n+000232f0: 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 lighting by blac\n+00023300: 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c k/white.reversal\n+00023310: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 ... ...console\n+00023320: e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 ... on ARC, EMU \n+00023330: 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 and IEEE1275, ..\n+00023340: 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 .serial_*... and\n+00023350: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 ...spkmodem... \n+00023360: 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 are.governed by \n+00023370: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 terminfo and sup\n+00023380: 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f port only 8 colo\n+00023390: 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 rs if in modes .\n+000233a0: 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 ..vt100-color...\n+000233b0: 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f .(default for co\n+000233c0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 nsole on emu), .\n+000233d0: 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c ..arc... (defaul\n+000233e0: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e t for console on\n+000233f0: 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 ARC),....ieee12\n+00023400: 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 75... (default f\n+00023410: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 or console on IE\n+00023420: 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 EE1275). When i\n+00023430: 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 n mode ...vt100.\n+00023440: 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f .. then.the colo\n+00023450: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d r support is lim\n+00023460: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ited to highligh\n+00023470: 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 ting by black/wh\n+00023480: 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 ite reversal..Wh\n+00023490: 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 en in mode ...du\n+000234a0: 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e mb... there is n\n+000234b0: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e o color support.\n+000234c0: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c .. When consol\n+000234d0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f e supports no co\n+000234e0: 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e lors this settin\n+000234f0: 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 g is ignored. W\n+00023500: 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 hen.console supp\n+00023510: 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 orts 8 colors, t\n+00023520: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 hen the colors f\n+00023530: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rom the second h\n+00023540: 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 alf of the.previ\n+00023550: 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 ous list are map\n+00023560: 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 ped to the match\n+00023570: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 ing colors of fi\n+00023580: 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 rst half... ..\n+00023590: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 .console... on E\n+000235a0: 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 FI and BIOS and \n+000235b0: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 ...vga_text... s\n+000235c0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f upport all 16 co\n+000235d0: 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 lors... ...gfx\n+000235e0: 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 term... supports\n+000235f0: 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 all 16 colors a\n+00023600: 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f nd would be theo\n+00023610: 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 retically.extend\n+00023620: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 able to support \n+00023630: 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 whole rgb24 pale\n+00023640: 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c tte but currentl\n+00023650: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f y there is no.co\n+00023660: 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 mpelling reason \n+00023670: 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 to go beyond the\n+00023680: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f current 16 colo\n+00023690: 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rs.....File: gru\n+000236a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+000236b0: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n+000236c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 Next: config_f\n+000236d0: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f ile, Prev: colo\n+000236e0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 r_normal, Up: S\n+000236f0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00023700: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00023710: 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 .1.7 config_dire\n+00023720: 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ctory.----------\n+00023730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00023740: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+00023750: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n+00023760: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 t by GRUB to the\n+00023770: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 directory part \n+00023780: 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 of.current confi\n+00023790: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 guration file na\n+000237a0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 me (*note config\n+000237b0: 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c _file::).....Fil\n+000237c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000237d0: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ode: config_file\n+000237e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 , Next: debug, \n+000237f0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Prev: config_di\n+00023800: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rectory, Up: Sp\n+00023810: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00023820: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00023830: 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 1.8 config_file.\n 00023840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023850: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00023860: 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 is automatically\n-00023870: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 set by GRUB to \n-00023880: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f 6e66 the name of conf\n-00023890: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 iguration.file t\n-000238a0: 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 726f hat is being pro\n-000238b0: 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 616e cessed by comman\n-000238c0: 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 ds ...configfile\n-000238d0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 ... (*note.confi\n-000238e0: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 986e gfile::) or ...n\n-000238f0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ormal... (*note \n-00023900: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 2069 normal::). It i\n-00023910: 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 7468 s restored to th\n-00023920: 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 e.previous value\n-00023930: 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f when command co\n-00023940: 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 mpletes.....File\n-00023950: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00023960: 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 7874 de: debug, Next\n-00023970: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 6576 : default, Prev\n-00023980: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n-00023990: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000239a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000239b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 670a s..15.1.9 debug.\n-000239c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-000239d0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n-000239e0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 be set to enable\n-000239f0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n-00023a00: 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a63 t from various.c\n-00023a10: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 5255 omponents of GRU\n-00023a20: 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 B. The value is \n-00023a30: 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 an ordered list \n-00023a40: 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 of debug facilit\n-00023a50: 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 y names.separate\n-00023a60: 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 d by whitespace \n-00023a70: 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 or ...,.... If \n-00023a80: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 6369 the special faci\n-00023a90: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 616c lity named ...al\n-00023aa0: 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e 7420 l... is.present \n-00023ab0: 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f then debugging o\n-00023ac0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 utput of all fac\n-00023ad0: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 2065 ility names is e\n-00023ae0: 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a 7374 nabled at the.st\n-00023af0: 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e art of processin\n-00023b00: 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 g the value of t\n-00023b10: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 his variable. A\n-00023b20: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 6275 facility's debu\n-00023b30: 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 6865 g.output can the\n-00023b40: 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 n be disabled by\n-00023b50: 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 206e prefixing its n\n-00023b60: 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 ame with a ...-.\n-00023b70: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a 6f63 ... The last.oc\n-00023b80: 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 curence facility\n-00023b90: 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 7769 name with or wi\n-00023ba0: 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e 6720 thout a leading \n-00023bb0: e280 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 7072 ...-... takes pr\n-00023bc0: 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 616e ecendent.over an\n-00023bd0: 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 7572 y previous occur\n-00023be0: 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f ence. This allo\n-00023bf0: 7773 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e 6162 ws the easy enab\n-00023c00: 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c 696e ling or disablin\n-00023c10: 670a 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 g.of facilities \n-00023c20: 6279 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 by appending a .\n-00023c30: 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 ..,... and then \n-00023c40: 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d the facility nam\n-00023c50: 6520 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 6f75 e with or.withou\n-00023c60: 7420 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 t the leading ..\n-00023c70: 982d e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c .-..., which wil\n-00023c80: 6c20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 l preserve the s\n-00023c90: 7461 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7374 tate of the rest\n-00023ca0: 206f 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 of.the faciliti\n-00023cb0: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 es. The facilit\n-00023cc0: 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 y names are the \n-00023cd0: 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 first argument t\n-00023ce0: 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 2e20 o.grub_dprintf. \n-00023cf0: 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 6f75 Consult the sou\n-00023d00: 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 rce for more det\n-00023d10: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n-00023d20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023d30: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a default, Next:\n-00023d40: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 fallback, Prev\n-00023d50: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 : debug, Up: Sp\n-00023d60: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00023d70: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00023d80: 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 1.10 default.---\n-00023d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00023da0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00023db0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 s set, it identi\n-00023dc0: 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 fies a menu entr\n-00023dd0: 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 y that should be\n-00023de0: 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 6566 .selected by def\n-00023df0: 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 2061 ault, possibly a\n-00023e00: 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 fter a timeout (\n-00023e10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 *note timeout::)\n-00023e20: 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d 6179 . The.entry may\n-00023e30: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 be identified b\n-00023e40: 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 7469 y number (starti\n-00023e50: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 6163 ng from 0 at eac\n-00023e60: 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 h level of the.h\n-00023e70: 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 7469 ierarchy), by ti\n-00023e80: 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e 0a0a tle, or by id...\n-00023e90: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n-00023ea0: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 6d65 if you have:..me\n-00023eb0: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 nuentry 'Example\n-00023ec0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 GNU/Linux distr\n-00023ed0: 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 ibution' --class\n-00023ee0: 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 gnu-linux --id \n-00023ef0: 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 example-gnu-linu\n-00023f00: 7820 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 2074 x {......}.. t\n-00023f10: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 hen you can make\n-00023f20: 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c this the defaul\n-00023f30: 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 t using:.. d\n-00023f40: 6566 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 efault=example-g\n-00023f50: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 nu-linux.. If \n-00023f60: 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 the entry is in \n-00023f70: 6120 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 6e20 a submenu, then \n-00023f80: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 6e74 it must be ident\n-00023f90: 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a ified using the.\n-00023fa0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f number, title, o\n-00023fb0: 7220 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 r id of each of \n-00023fc0: 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 the submenus sta\n-00023fd0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 rting from the t\n-00023fe0: 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 op.level, follow\n-00023ff0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n-00024000: 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 206f , title, or id o\n-00024010: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 f the menu entry\n-00024020: 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 6561 itself,.with ea\n-00024030: 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 6172 ch element separ\n-00024040: 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e ated by ...>....\n-00024050: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 For example, t\n-00024060: 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ake the followin\n-00024070: 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 g.menu structure\n-00024080: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 7264 :.. GNU/Hurd\n-00024090: 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 0a20 --id gnu-hurd. \n-000240a0: 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 2042 Standard B\n-000240b0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 oot --id=gnu-hur\n-000240c0: 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 6573 d-std. Res\n-000240d0: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 3d67 cue shell --id=g\n-000240e0: 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 0a20 nu-hurd-rescue. \n-000240f0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f Other platfo\n-00024100: 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 0a20 rms --id=other. \n-00024110: 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 Minix --id\n-00024120: 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 =minix. \n-00024130: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 2d2d Version 3.4.0 --\n-00024140: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 id=minix-3.4.0. \n-00024150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n-00024160: 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 3.3.0 --id=minix\n-00024170: 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4752 -3.3.0. GR\n-00024180: 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 UB Invaders --id\n-00024190: 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 0a0a =grub-invaders..\n-000241a0: 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6365 The more rece\n-000241b0: 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 4d69 nt release of Mi\n-000241c0: 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e 2062 nix would then b\n-000241d0: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 7320 e identified as \n-000241e0: e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 ...Other.platfor\n-000241f0: 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e ms>Minix>Version\n-00024200: 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 3.4.0..., or as\n-00024210: 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...1>0>0..., or\n-00024220: 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d 696e as....other>min\n-00024230: 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 ix>minix-3.4.0..\n-00024240: 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 .... This vari\n-00024250: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-00024260: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 t by ...GRUB_DEF\n-00024270: 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 AULT... (*note S\n-00024280: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-00024290: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ion::), ...grub-\n-000242a0: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 set-default..., \n-000242b0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f or ...grub-reboo\n-000242c0: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t........File: g\n-000242d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000242e0: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 fallback, Next\n-000242f0: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 : gfxmode, Prev\n-00024300: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : default, Up: \n-00024310: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00024320: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00024330: 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 5.1.11 fallback.\n-00024340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024350: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00024360: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 le is set, it id\n-00024370: 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 entifies a menu \n-00024380: 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c entry that shoul\n-00024390: 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6966 d be.selected if\n-000243a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e the default men\n-000243b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 746f u entry fails to\n-000243c0: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 7320 boot. Entries \n-000243d0: 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2069 are.identified i\n-000243e0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2061 n the same way a\n-000243f0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 s for ...default\n-00024400: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 6175 ... (*note defau\n-00024410: 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lt::).....File: \n-00024420: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00024430: 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 : gfxmode, Next\n-00024440: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 : gfxpayload, P\n-00024450: 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: fallback, \n-00024460: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00024470: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00024480: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 6d6f s..15.1.12 gfxmo\n-00024490: 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d de.-------------\n-000244a0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-000244b0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-000244c0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 sets the resolut\n-000244d0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ion used on the \n-000244e0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 6772 ...gfxterm....gr\n-000244f0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-00024500: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 . Note that you\n-00024510: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 6d6f can only use mo\n-00024520: 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 0a67 des which your.g\n-00024530: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 7570 raphics card sup\n-00024540: 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 2042 ports via VESA B\n-00024550: 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 IOS Extensions (\n-00024560: 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 VBE), so for exa\n-00024570: 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 mple.native LCD \n-00024580: 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e panel resolution\n-00024590: 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 s may not be ava\n-000245a0: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ilable. The def\n-000245b0: 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 6fe2 ault is....auto.\n-000245c0: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 6374 .., which select\n-000245d0: 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 s a platform-spe\n-000245e0: 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 7468 cific default th\n-000245f0: 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 at should look.r\n-00024600: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 easonable. Supp\n-00024610: 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 6e20 orted modes can \n-00024620: 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 be listed by ...\n-00024630: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d videoinfo... com\n-00024640: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 mand in.GRUB... \n-00024650: 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e The resolution\n-00024660: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 may be specifie\n-00024670: 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 d as a sequence \n-00024680: 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 206d of one or more m\n-00024690: 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 odes,.separated \n-000246a0: 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 by commas (...,.\n-000246b0: 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e ..) or semicolon\n-000246c0: 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 6163 s (...;...); eac\n-000246d0: 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 6420 h will be tried \n-000246e0: 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e in.turn until on\n-000246f0: 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 e is found. Eac\n-00024700: 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 h mode should be\n-00024710: 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 either ...auto.\n-00024720: 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 ..,....WIDTHxHEI\n-00024730: 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 GHT..., or ...WI\n-00024740: 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 5448 DTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH\n-00024750: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00024760: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024770: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e 6578 gfxpayload, Nex\n-00024780: 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c t: gfxterm_font,\n-00024790: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Prev: gfxmode,\n-000247a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000247b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000247c0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 6678 les..15.1.13 gfx\n-000247d0: 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d payload.--------\n-000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-000247f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024800: 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 set, it controls\n-00024810: 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6520 the video mode \n-00024820: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c 696e in which the Lin\n-00024830: 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 7473 ux.kernel starts\n-00024840: 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 up, replacing t\n-00024850: 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f he ...vga=... bo\n-00024860: 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ot option (*note\n-00024870: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 0a6d linux::). It.m\n-00024880: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ay be set to ...\n-00024890: 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 6365 text... to force\n-000248a0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-000248b0: 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 l to boot in nor\n-000248c0: 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 mal text.mode, .\n-000248d0: 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 ..keep... to pre\n-000248e0: 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 serve the graphi\n-000248f0: 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e cs mode set usin\n-00024900: 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 992c g ...gfxmode...,\n-00024910: 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 2070 or any.of the p\n-00024920: 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 7320 ermitted values \n-00024930: 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 for ...gfxmode..\n-00024940: 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 . to set a parti\n-00024950: 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d cular graphics m\n-00024960: 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f ode.(*note gfxmo\n-00024970: 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 656e de::)... Depen\n-00024980: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 ding on your ker\n-00024990: 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 nel, your distri\n-000249a0: 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 bution, your gra\n-000249b0: 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e 640a phics card, and.\n-000249c0: 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the phase of the\n-000249d0: 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 moon, note that\n-000249e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 using this opti\n-000249f0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 4e55 on may cause GNU\n-00024a00: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 6572 /Linux.to suffer\n-00024a10: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 from various di\n-00024a20: 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 splay problems, \n-00024a30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 7572 particularly dur\n-00024a40: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a 7061 ing the early.pa\n-00024a50: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 rt of the boot s\n-00024a60: 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 equence. If you\n-00024a70: 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 have problems, \n-00024a80: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c set this variabl\n-00024a90: 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 e to....text... \n-00024aa0: 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 and GRUB will te\n-00024ab0: 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 ll Linux to boot\n-00024ac0: 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 in normal text \n-00024ad0: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 mode... The de\n-00024ae0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 fault is platfor\n-00024af0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 m-specific. On \n-00024b00: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2061 platforms with a\n-00024b10: 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 native text.mod\n-00024b20: 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 4249 e (such as PC BI\n-00024b30: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 OS platforms), t\n-00024b40: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-00024b50: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 .text.... Other\n-00024b60: 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 wise the.default\n-00024b70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 may be ...auto.\n-00024b80: 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 .. or a specific\n-00024b90: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 video mode... \n-00024ba0: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n-00024bb0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n-00024bc0: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 ..GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n-00024bd0: 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 D_LINUX... (*not\n-00024be0: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00024bf0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ration::).....Fi\n-00024c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f Node: gfxterm_fo\n-00024c20: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f nt, Next: grub_\n-00024c30: 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7870 cpu, Prev: gfxp\n-00024c40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ayload, Up: Spe\n-00024c50: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00024c60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00024c70: 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 .14 gfxterm_font\n-00024c80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00024ca0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00024cb0: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 it names a font \n-00024cc0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 7420 to use for text \n-00024cd0: 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 6572 on the....gfxter\n-00024ce0: 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 m... graphical t\n-00024cf0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 erminal. Otherw\n-00024d00: 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 ise, ...gfxterm.\n-00024d10: 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 .. may use any.a\n-00024d20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a vailable font...\n-00024d30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024d40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 o, Node: grub_c\n-00024d50: 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 625f pu, Next: grub_\n-00024d60: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 763a platform, Prev:\n-00024d70: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 gfxterm_font, \n-00024d80: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00024d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00024da0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 625f s..15.1.15 grub_\n-00024db0: 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpu.------------\n-00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ----..In normal \n-00024dd0: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n-00024de0: 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 al::), GRUB sets\n-00024df0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 7075 the ...grub_cpu\n-00024e00: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a ... variable to.\n-00024e10: 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 6f72 the CPU type for\n-00024e20: 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 which GRUB was \n-00024e30: 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 built (e.g. ...\n-00024e40: 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 706f i386... or ...po\n-00024e50: 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 werpc...).....Fi\n-00024e60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024e70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 Node: grub_platf\n-00024e80: 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e orm, Next: icon\n-00024e90: 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 dir, Prev: grub\n-00024ea0: 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _cpu, Up: Speci\n-00024eb0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00024ec0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00024ed0: 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 6 grub_platform.\n-00024ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n-00024f00: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n-00024f10: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n-00024f20: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 706c s the ...grub_pl\n-00024f30: 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 atform... variab\n-00024f40: 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f le.to the platfo\n-00024f50: 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 rm for which GRU\n-00024f60: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 B was built (e.g\n-00024f70: 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 . ...pc... or .\n-00024f80: 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ..efi...).....Fi\n-00024f90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024fa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Node: icondir, \n-00024fb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 Next: lang, Pre\n-00024fc0: 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d v: grub_platform\n-00024fd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024fe0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024ff0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 bles..15.1.17 ic\n-00025000: 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ondir.----------\n-00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00025020: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00025030: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 6563 it names a direc\n-00025040: 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 tory in which th\n-00025050: 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c e GRUB.graphical\n-00025060: 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f menu should loo\n-00025070: 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 k for icons afte\n-00025080: 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 r looking in the\n-00025090: 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e theme's....icon\n-000250a0: 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e20 s... directory. \n-000250b0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c *Note Theme fil\n-000250c0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e format::.....F\n-000250d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000250e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 4e65 Node: lang, Ne\n-000250f0: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 xt: locale_dir, \n-00025100: 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 Prev: icondir, \n-00025110: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025120: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025130: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 es..15.1.18 lang\n-00025140: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 .------------..I\n-00025150: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00025160: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n-00025170: 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f the language co\n-00025180: 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9867 de that the ...g\n-00025190: 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e ettext....comman\n-000251a0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 d (*note gettext\n-000251b0: 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 616e ::) uses to tran\n-000251c0: 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e 2020 slate strings. \n-000251d0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 7265 For example,.Fre\n-000251e0: 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e 616d nch would be nam\n-000251f0: 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 ed as ...fr..., \n-00025200: 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 2043 and Simplified C\n-00025210: 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a 685f hinese as ...zh_\n-00025220: 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 CN...... ...gr\n-00025230: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n-00025240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00025250: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 figuration::) wi\n-00025260: 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 610a ll try to set a.\n-00025270: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 6175 reasonable defau\n-00025280: 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lt for this vari\n-00025290: 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 able based on th\n-000252a0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c 652e e system locale.\n-000252b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000252c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 nfo, Node: loca\n-000252d0: 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c le_dir, Next: l\n-000252e0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n-000252f0: 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 lang, Up: Speci\n-00025300: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025310: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-00025320: 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 9 locale_dir.---\n-00025330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025340: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00025350: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n-00025360: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 es the directory\n-00025370: 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 where translati\n-00025380: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 on files.may be \n-00025390: 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 found (*note get\n-000253a0: 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 text::), usually\n-000253b0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c .../boot/grub/l\n-000253c0: 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ocale.... Other\n-000253d0: 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f wise,.internatio\n-000253e0: 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 nalization is di\n-000253f0: 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 sabled... ...g\n-00025400: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00025410: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-00025420: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nfiguration::) w\n-00025430: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e ill set a reason\n-00025440: 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 able.default for\n-00025450: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00025460: 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 f internationali\n-00025470: 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 zation is needed\n-00025480: 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 and any.transla\n-00025490: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 2061 tion files are a\n-000254a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c vailable.....Fil\n-000254b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000254c0: 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ode: lockdown, \n-000254d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 Next: menu_color\n-000254e0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 _highlight, Pre\n-000254f0: 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 v: locale_dir, \n-00025500: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025510: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00025520: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 s..15.1.20 lockd\n-00025530: 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d own.------------\n-00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00025550: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n-00025560: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 ...y..., it mea\n-00025570: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 6173 ns that GRUB has\n-00025580: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c entered *note.L\n-00025590: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a ockdown:: mode..\n-000255a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000255b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f fo, Node: menu_\n-000255c0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-000255d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Next: menu_col\n-000255e0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 or_normal, Prev\n-000255f0: 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 703a : lockdown, Up:\n-00025600: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025610: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025620: 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 15.1.21 menu_col\n-00025630: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d or_highlight.---\n+00023850: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00023860: 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c e is automatical\n+00023870: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 ly set by GRUB t\n+00023880: 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f o the name of co\n+00023890: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 nfiguration.file\n+000238a0: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 that is being p\n+000238b0: 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d rocessed by comm\n+000238c0: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ands ...configfi\n+000238d0: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e le... (*note.con\n+000238e0: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 figfile::) or ..\n+000238f0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .normal... (*not\n+00023900: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 e normal::). It\n+00023910: 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 is restored to \n+00023920: 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c the.previous val\n+00023930: 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ue when command \n+00023940: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 completes.....Fi\n+00023950: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00023960: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 Node: debug, Ne\n+00023970: 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 xt: default, Pr\n+00023980: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c ev: config_file,\n+00023990: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000239a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000239b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 les..15.1.9 debu\n+000239c0: 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a g.------------..\n+000239d0: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+000239e0: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 y be set to enab\n+000239f0: 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 le debugging out\n+00023a00: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 put from various\n+00023a10: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 .components of G\n+00023a20: 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 RUB. The value i\n+00023a30: 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 s an ordered lis\n+00023a40: 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c t of debug facil\n+00023a50: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 ity names.separa\n+00023a60: 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 ted by whitespac\n+00023a70: 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 e or ...,.... I\n+00023a80: 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 f the special fa\n+00023a90: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 cility named ...\n+00023aa0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e all... is.presen\n+00023ab0: 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 t then debugging\n+00023ac0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 output of all f\n+00023ad0: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 acility names is\n+00023ae0: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a enabled at the.\n+00023af0: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 start of process\n+00023b00: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 ing the value of\n+00023b10: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 this variable. \n+00023b20: 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 A facility's de\n+00023b30: 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 bug.output can t\n+00023b40: 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 hen be disabled \n+00023b50: 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 by prefixing its\n+00023b60: 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 name with a ...\n+00023b70: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a -.... The last.\n+00023b80: 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 occurence facili\n+00023b90: 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 ty name with or \n+00023ba0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e without a leadin\n+00023bb0: 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 g ...-... takes \n+00023bc0: 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 precendent.over \n+00023bd0: 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 any previous occ\n+00023be0: 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c urence. This al\n+00023bf0: 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e lows the easy en\n+00023c00: 6162 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c abling or disabl\n+00023c10: 696e 670a 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 ing.of facilitie\n+00023c20: 7320 6279 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 s by appending a\n+00023c30: 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ...,... and the\n+00023c40: 6e20 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e n the facility n\n+00023c50: 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 ame with or.with\n+00023c60: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 out the leading \n+00023c70: e280 982d e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 ...-..., which w\n+00023c80: 696c 6c20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 ill preserve the\n+00023c90: 2073 7461 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 state of the re\n+00023ca0: 7374 206f 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 st of.the facili\n+00023cb0: 7469 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c ties. The facil\n+00023cc0: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 ity names are th\n+00023cd0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e first argument\n+00023ce0: 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 to.grub_dprintf\n+00023cf0: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 . Consult the s\n+00023d00: 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ource for more d\n+00023d10: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n+00023d20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00023d30: 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 e: default, Nex\n+00023d40: 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 t: fallback, Pr\n+00023d50: 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: debug, Up: \n+00023d60: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023d70: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023d80: 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 5.1.10 default.-\n+00023d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023da0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023db0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e is set, it iden\n+00023dc0: 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e tifies a menu en\n+00023dd0: 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 try that should \n+00023de0: 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 be.selected by d\n+00023df0: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 efault, possibly\n+00023e00: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 after a timeout\n+00023e10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a (*note timeout:\n+00023e20: 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d :). The.entry m\n+00023e30: 6179 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 ay be identified\n+00023e40: 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 by number (star\n+00023e50: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 ting from 0 at e\n+00023e60: 6163 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 ach level of the\n+00023e70: 0a68 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 .hierarchy), by \n+00023e80: 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e title, or by id.\n+00023e90: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .. For example\n+00023ea0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n+00023eb0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 menuentry 'Examp\n+00023ec0: 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 le GNU/Linux dis\n+00023ed0: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 tribution' --cla\n+00023ee0: 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 ss gnu-linux --i\n+00023ef0: 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 d example-gnu-li\n+00023f00: 6e75 7820 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nux {......}.. \n+00023f10: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 then you can ma\n+00023f20: 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 ke this the defa\n+00023f30: 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 ult using:.. \n+00023f40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 default=example\n+00023f50: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 -gnu-linux.. I\n+00023f60: 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 f the entry is i\n+00023f70: 6e20 6120 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 n a submenu, the\n+00023f80: 6e20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 n it must be ide\n+00023f90: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 ntified using th\n+00023fa0: 650a 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c e.number, title,\n+00023fb0: 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f or id of each o\n+00023fc0: 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 f the submenus s\n+00023fd0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 tarting from the\n+00023fe0: 2074 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c top.level, foll\n+00023ff0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 owed by the numb\n+00024000: 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 er, title, or id\n+00024010: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 of the menu ent\n+00024020: 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 ry itself,.with \n+00024030: 6561 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 each element sep\n+00024040: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 arated by ...>..\n+00024050: 992e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c .. For example,\n+00024060: 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 take the follow\n+00024070: 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 ing.menu structu\n+00024080: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 re:.. GNU/Hu\n+00024090: 7264 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 rd --id gnu-hurd\n+000240a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 . Standard\n+000240b0: 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 Boot --id=gnu-h\n+000240c0: 7572 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 urd-std. R\n+000240d0: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 escue shell --id\n+000240e0: 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 =gnu-hurd-rescue\n+000240f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 . Other plat\n+00024100: 666f 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 forms --id=other\n+00024110: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d . Minix --\n+00024120: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id=minix. \n+00024130: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 Version 3.4.0 \n+00024140: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 --id=minix-3.4.0\n+00024150: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f . Versio\n+00024160: 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e n 3.3.0 --id=min\n+00024170: 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ix-3.3.0. \n+00024180: 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d GRUB Invaders --\n+00024190: 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 id=grub-invaders\n+000241a0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 .. The more re\n+000241b0: 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 cent release of \n+000241c0: 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e Minix would then\n+000241d0: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 be identified a\n+000241e0: 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 s ...Other.platf\n+000241f0: 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 orms>Minix>Versi\n+00024200: 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 on 3.4.0..., or \n+00024210: 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 as ...1>0>0..., \n+00024220: 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d or as....other>m\n+00024230: 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 inix>minix-3.4.0\n+00024240: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 ...... This va\n+00024250: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00024260: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 set by ...GRUB_D\n+00024270: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 EFAULT... (*note\n+00024280: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+00024290: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 ation::), ...gru\n+000242a0: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n+000242b0: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 , or ...grub-reb\n+000242c0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a oot........File:\n+000242d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000242e0: 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 e: fallback, Ne\n+000242f0: 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 xt: gfxmode, Pr\n+00024300: 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 ev: default, Up\n+00024310: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00024320: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00024330: 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 .15.1.11 fallbac\n+00024340: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n+00024350: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00024360: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00024370: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e identifies a men\n+00024380: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f u entry that sho\n+00024390: 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 uld be.selected \n+000243a0: 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d if the default m\n+000243b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 enu entry fails \n+000243c0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 to boot. Entrie\n+000243d0: 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 s are.identified\n+000243e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 in the same way\n+000243f0: 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 as for ...defau\n+00024400: 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 lt... (*note def\n+00024410: 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ault::).....File\n+00024420: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024430: 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 de: gfxmode, Ne\n+00024440: 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 xt: gfxpayload, \n+00024450: 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Prev: fallback,\n+00024460: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024470: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024480: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 les..15.1.12 gfx\n+00024490: 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mode.-----------\n+000244a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+000244b0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+000244c0: 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c t sets the resol\n+000244d0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+000244e0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a e ...gfxterm....\n+000244f0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00024500: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 al. Note that y\n+00024510: 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 ou can only use \n+00024520: 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 modes which your\n+00024530: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 .graphics card s\n+00024540: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 upports via VESA\n+00024550: 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 BIOS Extensions\n+00024560: 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 (VBE), so for e\n+00024570: 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 xample.native LC\n+00024580: 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 D panel resoluti\n+00024590: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ons may not be a\n+000245a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 vailable. The d\n+000245b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 efault is....aut\n+000245c0: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 o..., which sele\n+000245d0: 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 cts a platform-s\n+000245e0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 pecific default \n+000245f0: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b that should look\n+00024600: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 .reasonable. Su\n+00024610: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 pported modes ca\n+00024620: 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 n be listed by .\n+00024630: 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 ..videoinfo... c\n+00024640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a ommand in.GRUB..\n+00024650: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 . The resoluti\n+00024660: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 on may be specif\n+00024670: 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ied as a sequenc\n+00024680: 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 e of one or more\n+00024690: 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 modes,.separate\n+000246a0: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 d by commas (...\n+000246b0: 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ,...) or semicol\n+000246c0: 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 ons (...;...); e\n+000246d0: 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 ach will be trie\n+000246e0: 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 d in.turn until \n+000246f0: 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 one is found. E\n+00024700: 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 ach mode should \n+00024710: 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 be either ...aut\n+00024720: 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 o...,....WIDTHxH\n+00024730: 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 EIGHT..., or ...\n+00024740: 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEP\n+00024750: 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TH........File: \n+00024760: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024770: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e : gfxpayload, N\n+00024780: 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e ext: gfxterm_fon\n+00024790: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 t, Prev: gfxmod\n+000247a0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+000247b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000247c0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 ables..15.1.13 g\n+000247d0: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fxpayload.------\n+000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+000247f0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00024800: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f s set, it contro\n+00024810: 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ls the video mod\n+00024820: 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c e in which the L\n+00024830: 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 inux.kernel star\n+00024840: 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 ts up, replacing\n+00024850: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 the ...vga=... \n+00024860: 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f boot option (*no\n+00024870: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 te linux::). It\n+00024880: 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 .may be set to .\n+00024890: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 ..text... to for\n+000248a0: 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ce the Linux ker\n+000248b0: 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e nel to boot in n\n+000248c0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c ormal text.mode,\n+000248d0: 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 ...keep... to p\n+000248e0: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 reserve the grap\n+000248f0: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 hics mode set us\n+00024900: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 ing ...gfxmode..\n+00024910: 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 ., or any.of the\n+00024920: 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 permitted value\n+00024930: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 s for ...gfxmode\n+00024940: e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 ... to set a par\n+00024950: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 ticular graphics\n+00024960: 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 mode.(*note gfx\n+00024970: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 mode::)... Dep\n+00024980: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b ending on your k\n+00024990: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 ernel, your dist\n+000249a0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 ribution, your g\n+000249b0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e raphics card, an\n+000249c0: 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 d.the phase of t\n+000249d0: 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 he moon, note th\n+000249e0: 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 at using this op\n+000249f0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 tion may cause G\n+00024a00: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux.to suff\n+00024a10: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n+00024a20: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n+00024a30: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 , particularly d\n+00024a40: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a uring the early.\n+00024a50: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 part of the boot\n+00024a60: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 sequence. If y\n+00024a70: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 ou have problems\n+00024a80: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 , set this varia\n+00024a90: 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ble to....text..\n+00024aa0: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n+00024ab0: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n+00024ac0: 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 ot in normal tex\n+00024ad0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 t mode... The \n+00024ae0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 default is platf\n+00024af0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f orm-specific. O\n+00024b00: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 n platforms with\n+00024b10: 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d a native text.m\n+00024b20: 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 ode (such as PC \n+00024b30: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c BIOS platforms),\n+00024b40: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 the default is \n+00024b50: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 ...text.... Oth\n+00024b60: 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 erwise the.defau\n+00024b70: 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 lt may be ...aut\n+00024b80: 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 o... or a specif\n+00024b90: 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ic video mode...\n+00024ba0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00024bb0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00024bc0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+00024bd0: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e OAD_LINUX... (*n\n+00024be0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00024bf0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00024c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f Node: gfxterm_\n+00024c20: 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 font, Next: gru\n+00024c30: 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 b_cpu, Prev: gf\n+00024c40: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 xpayload, Up: S\n+00024c50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024c60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024c70: 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f .1.14 gfxterm_fo\n+00024c80: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n+00024c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00024ca0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00024cb0: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e , it names a fon\n+00024cc0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 t to use for tex\n+00024cd0: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 t on the....gfxt\n+00024ce0: 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c erm... graphical\n+00024cf0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 terminal. Othe\n+00024d00: 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 rwise, ...gfxter\n+00024d10: 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 m... may use any\n+00024d20: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e .available font.\n+00024d30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024d40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 nfo, Node: grub\n+00024d50: 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 _cpu, Next: gru\n+00024d60: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 b_platform, Pre\n+00024d70: 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c v: gfxterm_font,\n+00024d80: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024da0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 les..15.1.15 gru\n+00024db0: 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d b_cpu.----------\n+00024dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ------..In norma\n+00024dd0: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n+00024de0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 rmal::), GRUB se\n+00024df0: 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 ts the ...grub_c\n+00024e00: 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 pu... variable t\n+00024e10: 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 o.the CPU type f\n+00024e20: 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 or which GRUB wa\n+00024e30: 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 s built (e.g. .\n+00024e40: 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..i386... or ...\n+00024e50: 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a powerpc...).....\n+00024e60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024e70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 Node: grub_pla\n+00024e80: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 tform, Next: ic\n+00024e90: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 ondir, Prev: gr\n+00024ea0: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ub_cpu, Up: Spe\n+00024eb0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00024ec0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00024ed0: 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 .16 grub_platfor\n+00024ee0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00024ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d -------..In norm\n+00024f00: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n+00024f10: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 ormal::), GRUB s\n+00024f20: 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f ets the ...grub_\n+00024f30: 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 platform... vari\n+00024f40: 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 able.to the plat\n+00024f50: 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 form for which G\n+00024f60: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 RUB was built (e\n+00024f70: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 .g. ...pc... or\n+00024f80: 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a ...efi...).....\n+00024f90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024fa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Node: icondir,\n+00024fb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 Next: lang, P\n+00024fc0: 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f rev: grub_platfo\n+00024fd0: 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c rm, Up: Special\n+00024fe0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00024ff0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 iables..15.1.17 \n+00025000: 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icondir.--------\n+00025010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00025020: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00025030: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 , it names a dir\n+00025040: 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ectory in which \n+00025050: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 the GRUB.graphic\n+00025060: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c al menu should l\n+00025070: 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 ook for icons af\n+00025080: 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 ter looking in t\n+00025090: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 he theme's....ic\n+000250a0: 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ons... directory\n+000250b0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 . *Note Theme f\n+000250c0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f ile format::....\n+000250d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000250e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 , Node: lang, \n+000250f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Next: locale_dir\n+00025100: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 , Prev: icondir\n+00025110: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025120: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025130: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 bles..15.1.18 la\n+00025140: 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ng.------------.\n+00025150: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00025160: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n+00025170: 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 es the language \n+00025180: 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 code that the ..\n+00025190: 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d .gettext....comm\n+000251a0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 and (*note gette\n+000251b0: 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 xt::) uses to tr\n+000251c0: 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e anslate strings.\n+000251d0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 For example,.F\n+000251e0: 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e rench would be n\n+000251f0: 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 amed as ...fr...\n+00025200: 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 , and Simplified\n+00025210: 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a Chinese as ...z\n+00025220: 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 h_CN...... ...\n+00025230: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00025240: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 (*note Simple c\n+00025250: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+00025260: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 will try to set \n+00025270: 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 a.reasonable def\n+00025280: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 ault for this va\n+00025290: 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 riable based on \n+000252a0: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c the system local\n+000252b0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+000252c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n+000252d0: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a cale_dir, Next:\n+000252e0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 lockdown, Prev\n+000252f0: 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 : lang, Up: Spe\n+00025300: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025310: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025320: 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d .19 locale_dir.-\n+00025330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025340: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00025350: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025360: 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f ames the directo\n+00025370: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 ry where transla\n+00025380: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 tion files.may b\n+00025390: 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 e found (*note g\n+000253a0: 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c ettext::), usual\n+000253b0: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+000253c0: 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 /locale.... Oth\n+000253d0: 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 erwise,.internat\n+000253e0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ionalization is \n+000253f0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 disabled... ..\n+00025400: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+00025410: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 . (*note Simple \n+00025420: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00025430: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 will set a reas\n+00025440: 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 onable.default f\n+00025450: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or this variable\n+00025460: 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 if internationa\n+00025470: 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 lization is need\n+00025480: 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 ed and any.trans\n+00025490: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 lation files are\n+000254a0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 available.....F\n+000254b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000254c0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Node: lockdown,\n+000254d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Next: menu_col\n+000254e0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 or_highlight, P\n+000254f0: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c rev: locale_dir,\n+00025500: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00025510: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00025520: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 les..15.1.20 loc\n+00025530: 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kdown.----------\n+00025540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00025550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00025560: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d to ...y..., it m\n+00025570: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 eans that GRUB h\n+00025580: 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 as entered *note\n+00025590: 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 .Lockdown:: mode\n+000255a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000255b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n+000255c0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+000255d0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 t, Next: menu_c\n+000255e0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 olor_normal, Pr\n+000255f0: 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 ev: lockdown, U\n+00025600: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025610: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025620: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 ..15.1.21 menu_c\n+00025630: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d olor_highlight.-\n 00025640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00025660: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00025670: 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 s the foreground\n-00025680: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00025690: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 colors to be use\n-000256a0: 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 d.for the highli\n-000256b0: 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ghted menu entry\n-000256c0: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n-000256d0: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 slash (.../...)\n-000256e0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 . Setting.this \n-000256f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-00025700: 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 those colors. \n-00025710: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c For the availabl\n-00025720: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a e color names,.*\n-00025730: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note color_norma\n-00025740: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 l::... The def\n-00025750: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 ault is the valu\n-00025760: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 e of ...color_hi\n-00025770: 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ghlight... (*not\n-00025780: 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 e.color_highligh\n-00025790: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-000257a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000257b0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n-000257c0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c al, Next: net_<\n-000257d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-000257e0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e file, Prev: men\n-000257f0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n-00025800: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-00025810: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025820: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206d ables..15.1.22 m\n-00025830: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c enu_color_normal\n-00025840: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00025860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 variable contai\n-00025870: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e ns the foregroun\n-00025880: 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 d and background\n-00025890: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 colors to be us\n-000258a0: 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c ed.for non-highl\n-000258b0: 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ighted menu entr\n-000258c0: 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ies, separated b\n-000258d0: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n-000258e0: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ..). Setting.th\n-000258f0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n-00025900: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n-00025910: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n-00025920: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n-00025930: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f ,.*note color_no\n-00025940: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n-00025950: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 default is the v\n-00025960: 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 alue of ...color\n-00025970: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 _normal... (*not\n-00025980: 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e color_normal::\n-00025990: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000259a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-000259b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-000259c0: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ot_file, Next: \n-000259d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000259e0: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a clientid, Prev:\n-000259f0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n-00025a00: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c al, Up: Special\n-00025a10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025a20: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 iables..15.1.23 \n-00025a30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025a40: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot_file.------\n+00025650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00025660: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n+00025670: 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 ins the foregrou\n+00025680: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n+00025690: 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 d colors to be u\n+000256a0: 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 sed.for the high\n+000256b0: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 lighted menu ent\n+000256c0: 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ry, separated by\n+000256d0: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n+000256e0: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 .). Setting.thi\n+000256f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n+00025700: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+00025710: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+00025720: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+00025730: 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 .*note color_nor\n+00025740: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+00025750: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 efault is the va\n+00025760: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f lue of ...color_\n+00025770: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e highlight... (*n\n+00025780: 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ote.color_highli\n+00025790: 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ght::).....File:\n+000257a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000257b0: 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f e: menu_color_no\n+000257c0: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 rmal, Next: net\n+000257d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+000257e0: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d t_file, Prev: m\n+000257f0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n+00025800: 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ght, Up: Specia\n+00025810: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025820: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 riables..15.1.22\n+00025830: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n+00025840: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+00025850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00025860: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00025870: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f ains the foregro\n+00025880: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00025890: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 nd colors to be \n+000258a0: 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 used.for non-hig\n+000258b0: 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e hlighted menu en\n+000258c0: 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 tries, separated\n+000258d0: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n+000258e0: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a /...). Setting.\n+000258f0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 this variable ch\n+00025900: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f anges those colo\n+00025910: 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 rs. For the ava\n+00025920: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d ilable color nam\n+00025930: 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f es,.*note color_\n+00025940: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 normal::... Th\n+00025950: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 e default is the\n+00025960: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c value of ...col\n+00025970: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e or_normal... (*n\n+00025980: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n+00025990: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+000259a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000259b0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000259c0: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 boot_file, Next\n+000259d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientid, Pre\n+000259f0: 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f v: menu_color_no\n+00025a00: 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rmal, Up: Speci\n+00025a10: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00025a20: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+00025a30: 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3 net__boot_file.----\n 00025a50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025a70: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__clienti\n-00025ab0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 d, Next: net__client\n-00025ad0: 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 uuid, Prev: net\n-00025ae0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00025af0: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 t_file, Up: Spe\n-00025b00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025b10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025b20: 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .24 net__clientid.---\n+00025a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025a70: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025aa0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025ab0: 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f tid, Next: net_\n+00025ac0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025ad0: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ntuuid, Prev: n\n+00025ae0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+00025af0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 oot_file, Up: S\n+00025b00: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025b10: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025b20: 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.24 net__clientid.-\n 00025b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00025b60: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00025b70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025b80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00025b90: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-00025ba0: 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tuuid, Next: ne\n-00025bb0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-00025bc0: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 cp_server_name, \n-00025bd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__clientid,\n-00025bf0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025c00: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025c10: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 les..15.1.25 net\n-00025c20: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025c30: 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d entuuid.--------\n+00025b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025b60: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025b70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025b80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025b90: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025ba0: 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 entuuid, Next: \n+00025bb0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025bc0: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025bd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__clienti\n+00025bf0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n+00025c00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025c10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e ables..15.1.25 n\n+00025c20: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025c30: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lientuuid.------\n 00025c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00025c60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00025c70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025c80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__dhcp_ser\n-00025ca0: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a ver_name, Next:\n-00025cb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025cc0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _domain, Prev: \n-00025cd0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025ce0: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2055 703a clientuuid, Up:\n-00025cf0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025d00: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025d10: 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.26 net__dhcp_ser\n-00025d30: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver_name.-------\n+00025c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025c60: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025c70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025c80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__dhcp_s\n+00025ca0: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 erver_name, Nex\n+00025cb0: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__domain, Prev\n+00025cd0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, U\n+00025cf0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025d00: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025d10: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.26 net__dhcp_s\n+00025d30: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d erver_name.-----\n 00025d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d60: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025d70: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025d80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025d90: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025da0: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 omain, Next: ne\n-00025db0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n-00025dc0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2050 tensionspath, P\n-00025dd0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__dhcp_server\n-00025df0: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _name, Up: Spec\n-00025e00: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025e10: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025e20: 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 27 net__domain.------\n+00025d60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025d70: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025d80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025d90: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025da0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _domain, Next: \n+00025db0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025dc0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n+00025dd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__dhcp_serv\n+00025df0: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 er_name, Up: Sp\n+00025e00: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025e10: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025e20: 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.27 net__domain.----\n 00025e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00025e60: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00025e70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025e80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__extensions\n-00025ea0: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 path, Next: net\n-00025eb0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-00025ec0: 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tname, Prev: ne\n-00025ed0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00025ee0: 6d61 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 main, Up: Speci\n-00025ef0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025f00: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025f10: 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 8 net__extensionspath\n-00025f30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00025e60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00025e70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025e80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__extensio\n+00025ea0: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e nspath, Next: n\n+00025eb0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00025ec0: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ostname, Prev: \n+00025ed0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025ee0: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 domain, Up: Spe\n+00025ef0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025f00: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025f10: 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .28 net__extensionspa\n+00025f30: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n 00025f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025f60: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025f70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025f80: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__hostname, \n-00025fa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__ip, Prev:\n-00025fc0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025fd0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c _extensionspath,\n-00025fe0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025ff0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026000: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e 6574 les..15.1.29 net\n-00026010: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-00026020: 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tname.----------\n+00025f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00025f60: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00025f70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025f80: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__hostname,\n+00025fa0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__ip, Pre\n+00025fc0: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__extensionspat\n+00025fe0: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n+00025ff0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026000: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e ables..15.1.29 n\n+00026010: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00026020: 6f73 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ostname.--------\n 00026030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026050: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026060: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026070: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__ip, Next: n\n-00026090: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n-000260a0: 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ac, Prev: net_<\n-000260b0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n-000260c0: 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ame, Up: Specia\n-000260d0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000260e0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 riables..15.1.30\n-000260f0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026100: 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ip.------------\n-00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026120: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00026150: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n-00026160: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__next_ser\n-00026180: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Prev: net_\n-00026190: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n-000261a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000261b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000261c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 745f es..15.1.31 net_\n-000261d0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 630a _mac.\n-000261e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026200: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026210: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026220: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__next_se\n-00026240: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 rver, Next: net\n-00026250: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-00026260: 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tpath, Prev: ne\n-00026270: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-00026280: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 c, Up: Special \n-00026290: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000262a0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 206e ables..15.1.32 n\n-000262b0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n-000262c0: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ext_server.-----\n+00026040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026050: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026060: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026070: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__ip, Next:\n+00026090: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+000260a0: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _mac, Prev: net\n+000260b0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+000260c0: 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tname, Up: Spec\n+000260d0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000260e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000260f0: 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 30 net__ip.----------\n+00026110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026120: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026130: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026150: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+00026160: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Next: net__next_s\n+00026180: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n+00026190: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+000261a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000261b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000261c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 bles..15.1.31 ne\n+000261d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+000261e0: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n+000261f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026200: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026210: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026220: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00026230: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+00026240: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e server, Next: n\n+00026250: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+00026260: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ootpath, Prev: \n+00026270: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026280: 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mac, Up: Specia\n+00026290: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000262a0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 riables..15.1.32\n+000262b0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+000262c0: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d _next_server.---\n 000262d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000262f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026300: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026310: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00026320: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00026330: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 path, Next: net\n-00026340: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n-00026350: 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ce, Prev: net_<\n-00026360: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n-00026370: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 server, Up: Spe\n-00026380: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026390: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000263a0: 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .33 net__rootpath.---\n+000262e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000262f0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026300: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026310: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026320: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+00026330: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e otpath, Next: n\n+00026340: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n+00026350: 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 face, Prev: net\n+00026360: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n+00026370: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n+00026380: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026390: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000263a0: 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.33 net__rootpath.-\n 000263c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000263e0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000263f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026400: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00026410: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-00026420: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n-00026430: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ault_ip, Prev: \n-00026440: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026450: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 rootpath, Up: S\n-00026460: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026470: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026480: 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.34 net_defaul\n-00026490: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_interface.----\n+000263d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000263e0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+000263f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026400: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00026410: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+00026420: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ce, Next: net_d\n+00026430: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 efault_ip, Prev\n+00026440: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath, Up:\n+00026460: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026470: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026480: 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.34 net_defa\n+00026490: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d ult_interface.--\n 000264a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-000264c0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-000264d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000264e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n-000264f0: 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 lt_ip, Next: ne\n-00026500: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 t_default_mac, \n-00026510: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n-00026520: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 t_interface, Up\n-00026530: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026540: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026550: 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 6566 .15.1.35 net_def\n-00026560: 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ault_ip.--------\n-00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026580: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026590: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000265a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-000265b0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 default_mac, Ne\n-000265c0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n-000265d0: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e server, Prev: n\n-000265e0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n-000265f0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026600: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026610: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 5f64 s..15.1.36 net_d\n-00026620: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d efault_mac.-----\n+000264b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+000264c0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+000264d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000264e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n+000264f0: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ault_ip, Next: \n+00026500: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n+00026510: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n+00026520: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+00026530: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026540: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026550: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 s..15.1.35 net_d\n+00026560: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d efault_ip.------\n+00026570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026580: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026590: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+000265a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+000265b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 t_default_mac, \n+000265c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+000265d0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_server, Prev:\n+000265e0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n+000265f0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026600: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026610: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 les..15.1.36 net\n+00026620: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d _default_mac.---\n 00026630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026640: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026650: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026660: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026670: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n-00026680: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 6572 er, Next: pager\n-00026690: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n-000266a0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ault_mac, Up: S\n-000266b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000266c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000266d0: 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.37 net_defaul\n-000266e0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n+00026640: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026650: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026660: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026670: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n+00026680: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 rver, Next: pag\n+00026690: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 er, Prev: net_d\n+000266a0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a efault_mac, Up:\n+000266b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000266c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000266d0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.37 net_defa\n+000266e0: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_server.-----\n 000266f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026700: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00026710: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026720: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026730: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 pager, Next: p\n-00026740: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 refix, Prev: ne\n-00026750: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-00026760: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026770: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026780: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 bles..15.1.38 pa\n-00026790: 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ger.------------\n-000267a0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 -..If set to ...\n-000267b0: 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 1..., pause outp\n-000267c0: 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 7363 ut after each sc\n-000267d0: 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 6974 reenful and wait\n-000267e0: 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 696e for keyboard.in\n-000267f0: 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c put. The defaul\n-00026800: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 7573 t is not to paus\n-00026810: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e output.....Fil\n-00026820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026830: 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 4e65 ode: prefix, Ne\n-00026840: 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c xt: pxe_blksize,\n-00026850: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Prev: pager, \n-00026860: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026870: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026880: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 6669 s..15.1.39 prefi\n-00026890: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x.--------------\n-000268a0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f ..The location o\n-000268b0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 f the .../boot/g\n-000268c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 rub... directory\n-000268d0: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n-000268e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 file name.(*note\n-000268f0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-00026900: 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e x::). This is n\n-00026910: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 ormally set by G\n-00026920: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 0a62 RUB at startup.b\n-00026930: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 ased on informat\n-00026940: 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ion provided by \n-00026950: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00026960: 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ... GRUB module\n-00026970: 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c s are.dynamicall\n-00026980: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 y loaded from th\n-00026990: 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 736f is directory, so\n-000269a0: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 it must be set \n-000269b0: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 correctly in.ord\n-000269c0: 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 7274 er for many part\n-000269d0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6f72 s of GRUB to wor\n-000269e0: 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 k.....File: grub\n-000269f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n-00026a00: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e_blksize, Next\n-00026a10: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 : pxe_default_ga\n-00026a20: 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 teway, Prev: pr\n-00026a30: 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 efix, Up: Speci\n-00026a40: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026a50: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-00026a60: 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 0 pxe_blksize.--\n+00026700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026710: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026720: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026730: 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: pager, Next:\n+00026740: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 prefix, Prev: \n+00026750: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+00026760: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026770: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026780: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 iables..15.1.38 \n+00026790: 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pager.----------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ---..If set to .\n+000267b0: 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 ..1..., pause ou\n+000267c0: 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 tput after each \n+000267d0: 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 screenful and wa\n+000267e0: 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a it for keyboard.\n+000267f0: 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 input. The defa\n+00026800: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 ult is not to pa\n+00026810: 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 use output.....F\n+00026820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026830: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 Node: prefix, \n+00026840: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Next: pxe_blksiz\n+00026850: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c e, Prev: pager,\n+00026860: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026870: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026880: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 les..15.1.39 pre\n+00026890: 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fix.------------\n+000268a0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+000268b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 of the .../boot\n+000268c0: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f /grub... directo\n+000268d0: 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ry as an absolut\n+000268e0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f e file name.(*no\n+000268f0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n+00026900: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tax::). This is\n+00026910: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 normally set by\n+00026920: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n+00026930: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d .based on inform\n+00026940: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ation provided b\n+00026950: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c y ...grub-instal\n+00026960: 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 l.... GRUB modu\n+00026970: 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 les are.dynamica\n+00026980: 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 lly loaded from \n+00026990: 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 this directory, \n+000269a0: 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 so it must be se\n+000269b0: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f t correctly in.o\n+000269c0: 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 rder for many pa\n+000269d0: 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 rts of GRUB to w\n+000269e0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ork.....File: gr\n+000269f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026a00: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 pxe_blksize, Ne\n+00026a10: 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: pxe_default_\n+00026a20: 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gateway, Prev: \n+00026a30: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 prefix, Up: Spe\n+00026a40: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00026a50: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00026a60: 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a .40 pxe_blksize.\n 00026a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026a80: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026a90: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026aa0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026ab0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n-00026ac0: 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 ay, Next: pxe_d\n-00026ad0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00026ae0: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Prev: pxe_blksiz\n-00026af0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-00026b00: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026b10: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2070 ables..15.1.41 p\n-00026b20: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n-00026b30: 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ay.-------------\n-00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026b50: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026b60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026b70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f nfo, Node: pxe_\n-00026b80: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026b90: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 Next: root, Pr\n-00026ba0: 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: pxe_default_\n-00026bb0: 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 gateway, Up: Sp\n-00026bc0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026bd0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026be0: 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.42 pxe_default\n-00026bf0: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n+00026a80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026a90: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026aa0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026ab0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026ac0: 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 eway, Next: pxe\n+00026ad0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00026ae0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Prev: pxe_blks\n+00026af0: 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ize, Up: Specia\n+00026b00: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026b10: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 riables..15.1.41\n+00026b20: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026b30: 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eway.-----------\n+00026b40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026b50: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026b60: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026b70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n+00026b80: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n+00026b90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 , Next: root, \n+00026ba0: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Prev: pxe_defaul\n+00026bb0: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 t_gateway, Up: \n+00026bc0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026bd0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026be0: 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.42 pxe_defau\n+00026bf0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_server.------\n 00026c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026c10: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026c20: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026c40: 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6869 root, Next: shi\n-00026c50: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 m_lock, Prev: p\n-00026c60: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00026c70: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00026c80: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026c90: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 2072 ables..15.1.43 r\n-00026ca0: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot.------------\n-00026cb0: 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 ..The root devic\n-00026cc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 e name (*note De\n-00026cd0: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 vice syntax::). \n-00026ce0: 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 Any file names \n-00026cf0: 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 that do.not spec\n-00026d00: 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 ify an explicit \n-00026d10: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 device name are \n-00026d20: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 read from this d\n-00026d30: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 evice. The.defa\n-00026d40: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ult is normally \n-00026d50: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 set by GRUB at s\n-00026d60: 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 tartup based on \n-00026d70: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 the value of....\n-00026d80: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 prefix... (*note\n-00026d90: 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 prefix::)... \n-00026da0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n-00026db0: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c GRUB was install\n-00026dc0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-00026dd0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-00026de0: 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b .first hard disk\n-00026df0: 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 , then ...prefix\n-00026e00: e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 ... might be set\n-00026e10: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 646f to ...(hd0,msdo\n-00026e20: 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 s1)/boot/grub...\n-00026e30: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 .and ...root... \n-00026e40: 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 to ...hd0,msdos1\n-00026e50: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00026e60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026e70: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 shim_lock, Next\n-00026e80: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 : superusers, P\n-00026e90: 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: root, Up: \n-00026ea0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026eb0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026ec0: 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 5.1.44 shim_lock\n-00026ed0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00026ee0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00026ef0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n-00026f00: 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ..y..., it means\n-00026f10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c that the shim_l\n-00026f20: 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 730a ock verifier is.\n-00026f30: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 6520 registered (see \n-00026f40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 *note UEFI secur\n-00026f50: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a e boot and shim:\n-00026f60: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00026f70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00026f80: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 7874 uperusers, Next\n-00026f90: 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : theme, Prev: \n-00026fa0: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 shim_lock, Up: \n-00026fb0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026fc0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026fd0: 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 5.1.45 superuser\n-00026fe0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00027000: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-00027010: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 o a list of supe\n-00027020: 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 ruser names to e\n-00027030: 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 nable.authentica\n-00027040: 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a tion support. *\n-00027050: 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Note Security::.\n-00027060: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027070: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d nfo, Node: them\n-00027080: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 e, Next: timeou\n-00027090: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 t, Prev: superu\n-000270a0: 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 sers, Up: Speci\n-000270b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000270c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-000270d0: 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 theme.--------\n-000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-000270f0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n-00027100: 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 to a directory c\n-00027110: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 ontaining a GRUB\n-00027120: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a graphical menu.\n-00027130: 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 theme. *Note Th\n-00027140: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n-00027150: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 :... This vari\n-00027160: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n-00027170: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4845 t by ...GRUB_THE\n-00027180: 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d ME... (*note Sim\n-00027190: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-000271a0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n-000271b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000271c0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a timeout, Next:\n-000271d0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 timeout_style, \n-000271e0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 Prev: theme, U\n-000271f0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00027200: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027210: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 ..15.1.47 timeou\n-00027220: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00027230: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00027240: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 ble is set, it s\n-00027250: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 696d pecifies the tim\n-00027260: 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 e in seconds to \n-00027270: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 wait for.keyboar\n-00027280: 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 2062 d input before b\n-00027290: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ooting the defau\n-000272a0: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 lt menu entry. \n-000272b0: 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 A timeout of ...\n-000272c0: 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 0....means to bo\n-000272d0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n-000272e0: 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 ntry immediately\n-000272f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 without display\n-00027300: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 ing the menu;.a \n-00027310: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 timeout of ...-1\n-00027320: e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d ... (or unset) m\n-00027330: 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 eans to wait ind\n-00027340: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 efinitely... I\n-00027350: 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 f ...timeout_sty\n-00027360: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d le... (*note tim\n-00027370: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 eout_style::) is\n-00027380: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 set to ...count\n-00027390: 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 down... or....hi\n-000273a0: 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 696d dden..., the tim\n-000273b0: 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 eout is instead \n-000273c0: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 counted before t\n-000273d0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c he menu is displ\n-000273e0: 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 ayed... This v\n-000273f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e ariable is often\n-00027400: 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f set by ...GRUB_\n-00027410: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 TIMEOUT... (*not\n-00027420: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00027430: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ration::).....Fi\n-00027440: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00027450: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 Node: timeout_st\n-00027460: 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f yle, Next: tpm_\n-00027470: 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 fail_fatal, Pre\n-00027480: 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 703a v: timeout, Up:\n-00027490: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000274a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000274b0: 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 15.1.48 timeout_\n-000274c0: 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d style.----------\n-000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-000274e0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n-000274f0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e set to ...menu\n-00027500: e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 ..., ...countdow\n-00027510: 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 6464 n..., or ...hidd\n-00027520: 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c en... to control\n-00027530: 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 6963 .the way in whic\n-00027540: 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a h the timeout (*\n-00027550: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 note timeout::) \n-00027560: 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 2064 interacts with d\n-00027570: 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 6d65 isplaying.the me\n-00027580: 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 nu. See the doc\n-00027590: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 umentation of ..\n-000275a0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-000275b0: 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 YLE... (*note Si\n-000275c0: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-000275d0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c on::) for detail\n-000275e0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000275f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 .info, Node: tp\n-00027600: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 m_fail_fatal, P\n-00027610: 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 rev: timeout_sty\n-00027620: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c le, Up: Special\n-00027630: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027640: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 iables..15.1.49 \n-00027650: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d tpm_fail_fatal.-\n-00027660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00027680: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2061 ariable is set a\n-00027690: 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e nd true (i.e., n\n-000276a0: 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c 2022 ot set to \"0\", \"\n-000276b0: 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 6c65 false\",.\"disable\n-000276c0: 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 504d \", or \"no\"), TPM\n-000276d0: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 measurements th\n-000276e0: 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 at fail will be \n-000276f0: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 616c treated as.fatal\n-00027700: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 . Otherwise, th\n-00027710: 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 ey will merely b\n-00027720: 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 e debug-logged a\n-00027730: 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e nd boot will.con\n-00027740: 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c 6c20 tinue... Call \n-00027750: 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c to EFI firmware,\n-00027760: 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 like hash_log_e\n-00027770: 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c 2063 xtend_event(), c\n-00027780: 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b an return an.unk\n-00027790: 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e 652e nown error, i.e.\n-000277a0: 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 7265 due to bug pre\n-000277b0: 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 sent in firmware\n-000277c0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 6172 . When this var\n-000277d0: 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 iable.is set and\n-000277e0: 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 6c75 true (same valu\n-000277f0: 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d 206d es as with TPM m\n-00027800: 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 6869 easurements) thi\n-00027810: 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c s situation.will\n-00027820: 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2074 be considered t\n-00027830: 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 2065 o be fatal and e\n-00027840: 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 2022 rror-logged as \"\n-00027850: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 726f unknown TPM erro\n-00027860: 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 r\"..If not set, \n-00027870: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 2077 booting the OS w\n-00027880: 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a ill be enabled..\n-00027890: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000278a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 fo, Node: Envir\n-000278b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 onment block, P\n-000278c0: 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 rev: Special env\n-000278d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000278e0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e es, Up: Environ\n-000278f0: 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 ment..15.2 The G\n-00027900: 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 RUB environment \n-00027910: 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d block.==========\n+00026c10: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026c20: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026c40: 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 : root, Next: s\n+00026c50: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a him_lock, Prev:\n+00026c60: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026c70: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00026c80: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026c90: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 riables..15.1.43\n+00026ca0: 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.----------\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 --..The root dev\n+00026cc0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ice name (*note \n+00026cd0: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+00026ce0: 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 . Any file name\n+00026cf0: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 s that do.not sp\n+00026d00: 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 ecify an explici\n+00026d10: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 t device name ar\n+00026d20: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 e read from this\n+00026d30: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 device. The.de\n+00026d40: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c fault is normall\n+00026d50: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n+00026d60: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f startup based o\n+00026d70: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 n the value of..\n+00026d80: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..prefix... (*no\n+00026d90: 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te prefix::)... \n+00026da0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n+00026db0: 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 f GRUB was insta\n+00026dc0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 lled to the firs\n+00026dd0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t partition of t\n+00026de0: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he.first hard di\n+00026df0: 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 sk, then ...pref\n+00026e00: 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 ix... might be s\n+00026e10: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 et to ...(hd0,ms\n+00026e20: 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 dos1)/boot/grub.\n+00026e30: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 ...and ...root..\n+00026e40: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f . to ...hd0,msdo\n+00026e50: 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s1........File: \n+00026e60: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026e70: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 : shim_lock, Ne\n+00026e80: 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 xt: superusers, \n+00026e90: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 Prev: root, Up\n+00026ea0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026eb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026ec0: 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f .15.1.44 shim_lo\n+00026ed0: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n+00026ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00026ef0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n+00026f00: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 ...y..., it mea\n+00026f10: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d ns that the shim\n+00026f20: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 _lock verifier i\n+00026f30: 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 s.registered (se\n+00026f40: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 e *note UEFI sec\n+00026f50: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00026f60: 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 m::).....File: g\n+00026f70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026f80: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 superusers, Ne\n+00026f90: 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 xt: theme, Prev\n+00026fa0: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 : shim_lock, Up\n+00026fb0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026fc0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026fd0: 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 .15.1.45 superus\n+00026fe0: 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ers.------------\n+00026ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00027000: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n+00027010: 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 to a list of su\n+00027020: 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f peruser names to\n+00027030: 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 enable.authenti\n+00027040: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 cation support. \n+00027050: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n+00027060: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00027070: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 .info, Node: th\n+00027080: 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 eme, Next: time\n+00027090: 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 out, Prev: supe\n+000270a0: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 rusers, Up: Spe\n+000270b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000270c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000270d0: 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .46 theme.------\n+000270e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+000270f0: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+00027100: 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t to a directory\n+00027110: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 containing a GR\n+00027120: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n+00027130: 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 u.theme. *Note \n+00027140: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+00027150: 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 t::... This va\n+00027160: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00027170: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n+00027180: 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 HEME... (*note S\n+00027190: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n+000271a0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n+000271b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000271c0: 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 e: timeout, Nex\n+000271d0: 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 t: timeout_style\n+000271e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 , Prev: theme, \n+000271f0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00027200: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00027210: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 es..15.1.47 time\n+00027220: 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d out.------------\n+00027230: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00027240: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00027250: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 specifies the t\n+00027260: 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 ime in seconds t\n+00027270: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f o wait for.keybo\n+00027280: 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 ard input before\n+00027290: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+000272a0: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n+000272b0: 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 A timeout of .\n+000272c0: 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 ..0....means to \n+000272d0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+000272e0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 entry immediate\n+000272f0: 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c ly without displ\n+00027300: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a aying the menu;.\n+00027310: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 a timeout of ...\n+00027320: 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 -1... (or unset)\n+00027330: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 means to wait i\n+00027340: 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ndefinitely... \n+00027350: 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 If ...timeout_s\n+00027360: 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 tyle... (*note t\n+00027370: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 imeout_style::) \n+00027380: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 is set to ...cou\n+00027390: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 ntdown... or....\n+000273a0: 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 hidden..., the t\n+000273b0: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+000273c0: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+000273d0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+000273e0: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 played... This\n+000273f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+00027400: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 en set by ...GRU\n+00027410: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e B_TIMEOUT... (*n\n+00027420: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00027430: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00027440: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00027450: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f Node: timeout_\n+00027460: 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 style, Next: tp\n+00027470: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 m_fail_fatal, P\n+00027480: 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 rev: timeout, U\n+00027490: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000274a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000274b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 ..15.1.48 timeou\n+000274c0: 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_style.--------\n+000274d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+000274e0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n+000274f0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 be set to ...me\n+00027500: 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 nu..., ...countd\n+00027510: 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 own..., or ...hi\n+00027520: 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 dden... to contr\n+00027530: 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 ol.the way in wh\n+00027540: 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 ich the timeout \n+00027550: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a (*note timeout::\n+00027560: 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 ) interacts with\n+00027570: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 displaying.the \n+00027580: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 menu. See the d\n+00027590: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ocumentation of \n+000275a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+000275b0: 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 STYLE... (*note \n+000275c0: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+000275d0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 tion::) for deta\n+000275e0: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n+000275f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027600: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 tpm_fail_fatal, \n+00027610: 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Prev: timeout_s\n+00027620: 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 tyle, Up: Speci\n+00027630: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00027640: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00027650: 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 9 tpm_fail_fatal\n+00027660: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00027670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00027680: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00027690: 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c and true (i.e.,\n+000276a0: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c not set to \"0\",\n+000276b0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 \"false\",.\"disab\n+000276c0: 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 le\", or \"no\"), T\n+000276d0: 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 PM measurements \n+000276e0: 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 that fail will b\n+000276f0: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 e treated as.fat\n+00027700: 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 al. Otherwise, \n+00027710: 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 they will merely\n+00027720: 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 be debug-logged\n+00027730: 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 and boot will.c\n+00027740: 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c ontinue... Cal\n+00027750: 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 l to EFI firmwar\n+00027760: 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 e, like hash_log\n+00027770: 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c _extend_event(),\n+00027780: 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 can return an.u\n+00027790: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e nknown error, i.\n+000277a0: 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 e. due to bug p\n+000277b0: 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 resent in firmwa\n+000277c0: 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 re. When this v\n+000277d0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 ariable.is set a\n+000277e0: 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 nd true (same va\n+000277f0: 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d lues as with TPM\n+00027800: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 measurements) t\n+00027810: 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 his situation.wi\n+00027820: 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 ll be considered\n+00027830: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 to be fatal and\n+00027840: 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 error-logged as\n+00027850: 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 \"unknown TPM er\n+00027860: 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 ror\"..If not set\n+00027870: 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 , booting the OS\n+00027880: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 will be enabled\n+00027890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000278a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 info, Node: Env\n+000278b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+000278c0: 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 Prev: Special e\n+000278d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000278e0: 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 bles, Up: Envir\n+000278f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 onment..15.2 The\n+00027900: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n+00027910: 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t block.========\n 00027920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 =====..It is oft\n-00027940: 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 en useful to be \n-00027950: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 able to remember\n-00027960: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 a small amount \n-00027970: 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 of information.f\n-00027980: 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 rom one boot to \n-00027990: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 the next. For e\n-000279a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 xample, you migh\n-000279b0: 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 t want to set th\n-000279c0: 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e.default menu e\n-000279d0: 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 ntry based on wh\n-000279e0: 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 at was selected \n-000279f0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 the last time. \n-00027a00: 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c GRUB.deliberatel\n-00027a10: 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 y does not imple\n-00027a20: 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 ment support for\n-00027a30: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 writing files i\n-00027a40: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d n order to.minim\n-00027a50: 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c ise the possibil\n-00027a60: 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ity of the boot \n-00027a70: 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 loader being res\n-00027a80: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c ponsible for fil\n-00027a90: 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 e.system corrupt\n-00027aa0: 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 ion, so a GRUB c\n-00027ab0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00027ac0: 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 e cannot just cr\n-00027ad0: 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 eate a.file in t\n-00027ae0: 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e he ordinary way.\n-00027af0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 However, GRUB \n-00027b00: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 provides an \"env\n-00027b10: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a ironment block\".\n-00027b20: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 which can be use\n-00027b30: 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c d to save a smal\n-00027b40: 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 l amount of stat\n-00027b50: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 e... The envir\n-00027b60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 onment block is \n-00027b70: 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 a preallocated 1\n-00027b80: 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 024-byte file, w\n-00027b90: 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 hich.normally li\n-00027ba0: 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ves in .../boot/\n-00027bb0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 9920 grub/grubenv... \n-00027bc0: 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 7368 (although you sh\n-00027bd0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 650a ould not assume.\n-00027be0: 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 this). At boot \n-00027bf0: 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 6f61 time, the ...loa\n-00027c00: 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_env... command\n-00027c10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 (*note load_env\n-00027c20: 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f ::) loads.enviro\n-00027c30: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-00027c40: 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 from it, and the\n-00027c50: 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 ...save_env... \n-00027c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a (*note save_env:\n-00027c70: 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 :).command saves\n-00027c80: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027c90: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 iables to it. F\n-00027ca0: 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 rom a running sy\n-00027cb0: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 stem, the....gru\n-00027cc0: 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 7469 b-editenv... uti\n-00027cd0: 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 lity can be used\n-00027ce0: 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 to edit the env\n-00027cf0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n-00027d00: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 . For safety r\n-00027d10: 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f easons, this sto\n-00027d20: 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 rage is only ava\n-00027d30: 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 ilable when inst\n-00027d40: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e alled on.a plain\n-00027d50: 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 disk (no LVM or\n-00027d60: 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 RAID), using a \n-00027d70: 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 non-checksumming\n-00027d80: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a filesystem (no.\n-00027d90: 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 ZFS), and using \n-00027da0: 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 BIOS or EFI func\n-00027db0: 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 tions (no ATA, U\n-00027dc0: 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e SB or IEEE1275).\n-00027dd0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-00027de0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 onfig... uses th\n-00027df0: 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f 2069 is facility to i\n-00027e00: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 5542 mplement ...GRUB\n-00027e10: 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a _SAVEDEFAULT....\n-00027e20: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-00027e30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-00027e40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027e50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c fo, Node: Modul\n-00027e60: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 es, Next: Comma\n-00027e70: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e 7669 nds, Prev: Envi\n-00027e80: 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ronment, Up: To\n-00027e90: 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a p..16 Modules.**\n-00027ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 ********..In thi\n-00027eb0: 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 s chapter, we li\n-00027ec0: 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 st all modules t\n-00027ed0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c hat are availabl\n-00027ee0: 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 7265 e in GRUB.(curre\n-00027ef0: 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 ntly incomplete)\n-00027f00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6361 ... Modules ca\n-00027f10: 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 6120 n be loaded via \n-00027f20: 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 the ...insmod...\n-00027f30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n-00027f40: 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ) command...* Me\n-00027f50: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a nu:..* bli::....\n-00027f60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00027f70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 5570 Node: bli, Up\n-00027f80: 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e 3120 : Modules..16.1 \n-00027f90: 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 bli.========..Th\n-00027fa0: 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 6964 is module provid\n-00027fb0: 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 es basic support\n-00027fc0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f for the Boot Lo\n-00027fd0: 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 ader Interface. \n-00027fe0: 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 The.Boot Loader\n-00027ff0: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 Interface speci\n-00028000: 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 4546 fies a set of EF\n-00028010: 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 I variables that\n-00028020: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d are used to.com\n-00028030: 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 municate boot-ti\n-00028040: 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 me information b\n-00028050: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c etween the bootl\n-00028060: 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f70 oader and the.op\n-00028070: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2e0a erating system..\n-00028080: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e . The followin\n-00028090: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 6520 g variables are \n-000280a0: 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 placed under the\n-000280b0: 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 vendor UUID....\n-000280c0: 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d 3431 4a67b082-0a4c-41\n-000280d0: 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 6262 cf-b6c7-440b29bb\n-000280e0: 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 6865 8c4f... when the\n-000280f0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 module is loade\n-00028100: 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 2070 d:.. The GPT p\n-00028110: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 6f66 artition UUID of\n-00028120: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d20 the EFI System \n-00028130: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 2064 Partition used d\n-00028140: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 uring boot.is pu\n-00028150: 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 blished via the \n-00028160: e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 6550 ...LoaderDeviceP\n-00028170: 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 artUUID... varia\n-00028180: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 204c ble. The Boot L\n-00028190: 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 oader.Interface \n-000281a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7265 specification re\n-000281b0: 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 quires GPT forma\n-000281c0: 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 5468 tted drives. Th\n-000281d0: 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 676e e bli module.ign\n-000281e0: 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 7274 ores drives/part\n-000281f0: 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 itions in any ot\n-00028200: 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 her format. If \n-00028210: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 GRUB is loaded f\n-00028220: 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 rom a.non-GPT pa\n-00028230: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 rtition, e.g. f\n-00028240: 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 rom an MSDOS for\n-00028250: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f 7220 matted drive or \n-00028260: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a 7661 network, this.va\n-00028270: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 riable will not \n-00028280: 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 7374 be set... A st\n-00028290: 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 ring identifying\n-000282a0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 6374 GRUB as the act\n-000282b0: 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 ive bootloader i\n-000282c0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 6572 ncluding the.ver\n-000282d0: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 2073 sion number is s\n-000282e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 tored in ...Load\n-000282f0: 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 erInfo...... T\n-00028300: 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e his module is on\n-00028310: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-00028320: 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a UEFI platforms..\n-00028330: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00028340: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n-00028350: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 nds, Next: Inte\n-00028360: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-00028370: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 , Prev: Modules\n-00028380: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 , Up: Top..17 A\n-00028390: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n-000283a0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n-000283b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 *******..In this\n-000283c0: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 chapter, we lis\n-000283d0: 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 t all commands t\n-000283e0: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c hat are availabl\n-000283f0: 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 e in GRUB... C\n-00028400: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 ommands belong t\n-00028410: 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 o different grou\n-00028420: 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f ps. A few can o\n-00028430: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 nly be used in t\n-00028440: 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f he.global sectio\n-00028450: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n of the configu\n-00028460: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 ration file (or \n-00028470: 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 \"menu\"); most of\n-00028480: 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 them can.be ent\n-00028490: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ered on the comm\n-000284a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e and-line and can\n-000284b0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 be used either \n-000284c0: 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a anywhere in the.\n-000284d0: 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 menu or specific\n-000284e0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ally in the menu\n-000284f0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e entries... In\n-00028500: 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e rescue mode, on\n-00028510: 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 ly the ...insmod\n-00028520: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f ... (*note insmo\n-00028530: 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 2028 d::), ...ls... (\n-00028540: 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 *note.ls::), ...\n-00028550: 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 set... (*note se\n-00028560: 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 6e73 t::), and ...uns\n-00028570: 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 et... (*note uns\n-00028580: 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 et::) commands a\n-00028590: 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 re.normally avai\n-000285a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 lable. If you e\n-000285b0: 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 nd up in rescue \n-000285c0: 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 mode and do not \n-000285d0: 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c know what.to do,\n-000285e0: 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 then *note GRUB\n-000285f0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00028600: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a escue shell::...\n-00028610: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d * Menu:..* Menu-\n-00028620: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n-00028630: 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d s::.* Loader com\n-00028640: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 mands::.* Genera\n-00028650: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 l commands::.* C\n-00028660: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00028670: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b ands::.* Network\n-00028680: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a ing commands::.*\n-00028690: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n-000286a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 mmands::....File\n-000286b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000286c0: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 de: Menu-specifi\n-000286d0: 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 c commands, Nex\n-000286e0: 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e t: Loader comman\n-000286f0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n-00028700: 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s..17.1 Commands\n-00028710: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e for the menu on\n-00028720: 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ly.=============\n+00027930: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f =======..It is o\n+00027940: 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 ften useful to b\n+00027950: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 e able to rememb\n+00027960: 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e er a small amoun\n+00027970: 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e t of information\n+00027980: 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 .from one boot t\n+00027990: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 o the next. For\n+000279a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 example, you mi\n+000279b0: 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ght want to set \n+000279c0: 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the.default menu\n+000279d0: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 entry based on \n+000279e0: 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 what was selecte\n+000279f0: 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e d the last time.\n+00027a00: 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 GRUB.deliberat\n+00027a10: 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 ely does not imp\n+00027a20: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 lement support f\n+00027a30: 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 or writing files\n+00027a40: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e in order to.min\n+00027a50: 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 imise the possib\n+00027a60: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ility of the boo\n+00027a70: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 t loader being r\n+00027a80: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 esponsible for f\n+00027a90: 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 ile.system corru\n+00027aa0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 ption, so a GRUB\n+00027ab0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00027ac0: 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 ile cannot just \n+00027ad0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e create a.file in\n+00027ae0: 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 the ordinary wa\n+00027af0: 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 y. However, GRU\n+00027b00: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 B provides an \"e\n+00027b10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027b20: 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 \".which can be u\n+00027b30: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d sed to save a sm\n+00027b40: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 all amount of st\n+00027b50: 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 ate... The env\n+00027b60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 ironment block i\n+00027b70: 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 s a preallocated\n+00027b80: 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 1024-byte file,\n+00027b90: 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 which.normally \n+00027ba0: 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f lives in .../boo\n+00027bb0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 t/grub/grubenv..\n+00027bc0: 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 . (although you \n+00027bd0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d should not assum\n+00027be0: 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f e.this). At boo\n+00027bf0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c t time, the ...l\n+00027c00: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n+00027c10: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 nd (*note load_e\n+00027c20: 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 nv::) loads.envi\n+00027c30: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027c40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 s from it, and t\n+00027c50: 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 he ...save_env..\n+00027c60: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e . (*note save_en\n+00027c70: 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 v::).command sav\n+00027c80: 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 es environment v\n+00027c90: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 ariables to it. \n+00027ca0: 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 From a running \n+00027cb0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 system, the....g\n+00027cc0: 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 rub-editenv... u\n+00027cd0: 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 tility can be us\n+00027ce0: 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 ed to edit the e\n+00027cf0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027d00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 ... For safety\n+00027d10: 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 reasons, this s\n+00027d20: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 torage is only a\n+00027d30: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e vailable when in\n+00027d40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 stalled on.a pla\n+00027d50: 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 in disk (no LVM \n+00027d60: 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 or RAID), using \n+00027d70: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 a non-checksummi\n+00027d80: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e ng filesystem (n\n+00027d90: 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e o.ZFS), and usin\n+00027da0: 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 g BIOS or EFI fu\n+00027db0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c nctions (no ATA,\n+00027dc0: 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 USB or IEEE1275\n+00027dd0: 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d )... ...grub-m\n+00027de0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 kconfig... uses \n+00027df0: 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f this facility to\n+00027e00: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 implement ...GR\n+00027e10: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 UB_SAVEDEFAULT..\n+00027e20: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 ..(*note Simple \n+00027e30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00027e40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027e50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 info, Node: Mod\n+00027e60: 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d ules, Next: Com\n+00027e70: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e mands, Prev: En\n+00027e80: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 vironment, Up: \n+00027e90: 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a Top..16 Modules.\n+00027ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 **********..In t\n+00027eb0: 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 his chapter, we \n+00027ec0: 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list all modules\n+00027ed0: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 that are availa\n+00027ee0: 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 ble in GRUB.(cur\n+00027ef0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 rently incomplet\n+00027f00: 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 e)... Modules \n+00027f10: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 can be loaded vi\n+00027f20: 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 a the ...insmod.\n+00027f30: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n+00027f40: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 ::) command...* \n+00027f50: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a Menu:..* bli::..\n+00027f60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027f70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 o, Node: bli, \n+00027f80: 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e Up: Modules..16.\n+00027f90: 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 1 bli.========..\n+00027fa0: 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 This module prov\n+00027fb0: 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f ides basic suppo\n+00027fc0: 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 rt for the Boot \n+00027fd0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader Interface\n+00027fe0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 . The.Boot Load\n+00027ff0: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 er Interface spe\n+00028000: 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 cifies a set of \n+00028010: 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 EFI variables th\n+00028020: 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 at are used to.c\n+00028030: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d ommunicate boot-\n+00028040: 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e time information\n+00028050: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f between the boo\n+00028060: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a tloader and the.\n+00028070: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00028080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ... The follow\n+00028090: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ing variables ar\n+000280a0: 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 e placed under t\n+000280b0: 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 he vendor UUID..\n+000280c0: 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d ..4a67b082-0a4c-\n+000280d0: 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 41cf-b6c7-440b29\n+000280e0: 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 bb8c4f... when t\n+000280f0: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 he module is loa\n+00028100: 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 ded:.. The GPT\n+00028110: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 partition UUID \n+00028120: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 of the EFI Syste\n+00028130: 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 m Partition used\n+00028140: 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 during boot.is \n+00028150: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 published via th\n+00028160: 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 e ...LoaderDevic\n+00028170: 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 ePartUUID... var\n+00028180: 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 iable. 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I\n+00028210: 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 f GRUB is loaded\n+00028220: 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 from a.non-GPT \n+00028230: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 partition, e.g. \n+00028240: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 from an MSDOS f\n+00028250: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f ormatted drive o\n+00028260: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a r network, this.\n+00028270: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f variable will no\n+00028280: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 t be set... 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I\n-00028ea0: 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2041 D is string of A\n-00028eb0: 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 6963 SCII aphanumeric\n-00028ec0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 6e64 characters, und\n-00028ed0: 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 erscore. and\n-00028ee0: 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 hyphen and shou\n-00028ef0: 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 6974 ld not start wit\n-00028f00: 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 h a digit... \n-00028f10: 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d All other argum\n-00028f20: 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 ents including T\n-00028f30: 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 ITLE are passed \n-00028f40: 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 as positional. \n-00028f50: 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 parameters wh\n-00028f60: 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 en list of comma\n-00028f70: 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 nds is executed \n-00028f80: 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 with TITLE alway\n-00028f90: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 s. assigned \n-00028fa0: 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a to ...$1........\n-00028fb0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00028fc0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c Node: submenu,\n-00028fd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 Prev: menuentr\n-00028fe0: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 y, Up: Menu-spe\n-00028ff0: 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a cific commands..\n-00029000: 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 17.1.2 submenu.-\n-00029010: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00029020: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 626d -- Command: subm\n-00029030: 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 enu TITLE [--cla\n-00029040: 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d ss=class ...] [-\n-00029050: 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 -users=users]. \n-00029060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 [--unres\n-00029070: 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f 746b tricted] [--hotk\n-00029080: 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 ey=key] [--id=id\n-00029090: 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 4553 ] { MENU ENTRIES\n-000290a0: 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ... }. This\n-000290b0: 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 7562 6d65 defines a subme\n-000290c0: 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6361 nu. An entry ca\n-000290d0: 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 lled TITLE will \n-000290e0: 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a be added to the.\n-000290f0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 6865 6e20 menu; when \n-00029100: 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 that entry is se\n-00029110: 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 lected, a new me\n-00029120: 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c nu will be displ\n-00029130: 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 696e ayed. showin\n-00029140: 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e 7472 6965 g all the entrie\n-00029150: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 7320 7375 s within this su\n-00029160: 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c bmenu... All\n-00029170: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 6865 options are the\n-00029180: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 same as in the \n-00029190: e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 ...menuentry... \n-000291a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 command (*note. \n-000291b0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a29 menuentry::)\n-000291c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000291d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 info, Node: Loa\n-000291e0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e der commands, N\n-000291f0: 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d ext: General com\n-00029200: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 mands, Prev: Me\n-00029210: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-00029220: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-00029230: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 6f75 nds..17.2 Variou\n-00029240: 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s loader command\n-00029250: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00029270: 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 These commands a\n-00029280: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 re used to load \n-00029290: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e necessary compon\n-000292a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 6573 ents to boot des\n-000292b0: 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 6f66 ired OS..Many of\n-000292c0: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d the loader comm\n-000292d0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7566 ands are not suf\n-000292e0: 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 ficiently docume\n-000292f0: 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c 6c6f nted. The.follo\n-00029300: 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f wing is a list o\n-00029310: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 f commands that \n-00029320: 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 could use more d\n-00029330: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 ocumentation:.. \n-00029340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 6c6f ... ...applelo\n-00029350: 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 2042 ader... - Boot B\n-00029360: 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 656d IOS-based system\n-00029370: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 6565 .. ... ...free\n-00029380: 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 dos... - Load Fr\n-00029390: 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 7973 eeDOS kernel.sys\n-000293a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 .. ... ...kfre\n-000293b0: 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 9920 ebsd_loadenv... \n-000293c0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 2065 - Load FreeBSD e\n-000293d0: 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 nv.. ... ...kf\n-000293e0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c reebsd_module_el\n-000293f0: 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 f... - Load Free\n-00029400: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n-00029410: 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e (ELF).. ... \n-00029420: e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...kfreebsd_modu\n-00029430: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 le... - Load Fre\n-00029440: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 eBSD kernel modu\n-00029450: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 le.. ... ...kf\n-00029460: 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 reebsd... - Load\n-00029470: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n-00029480: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e SD.. ... ...kn\n-00029490: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-000294a0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 ... - Load NetBS\n-000294b0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6520 D kernel module \n-000294c0: 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 (ELF).. ... ..\n-000294d0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 .knetbsd_module.\n-000294e0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 .. - Load NetBSD\n-000294f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a kernel module..\n-00029500: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ... ...knetbs\n-00029510: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e d... - Load kern\n-00029520: 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 2020 el of NetBSD.. \n-00029530: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ... ...kopenbsd\n-00029540: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-00029550: 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a 2020 l of OpenBSD.. \n-00029560: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ... ...kopenbsd\n-00029570: 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _ramdisk... - Lo\n-00029580: 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 6d64 ad kOpenBSD ramd\n-00029590: 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c isk.. ... ...l\n-000295a0: 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e 6f75 egacy_initrd_nou\n-000295b0: 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 nzip... - Simula\n-000295c0: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-000295d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 0a20 modulenounzip'. \n-000295e0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 command. .\n-000295f0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 .. ...legacy_ini\n-00029600: 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 trd... - Simulat\n-00029610: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2769 e grub-legacy 'i\n-00029620: 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 nitrd' command. \n-00029630: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n-00029640: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 kernel... - Simu\n-00029650: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n-00029660: 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'kernel' comman\n-00029670: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 d. ... ...modu\n-00029680: 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 le2... - Load a \n-00029690: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 6d6f 6475 multiboot 2 modu\n-000296a0: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d6f le.. ... ...mo\n-000296b0: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 dule... - Load a\n-000296c0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d 6f64 756c multiboot modul\n-000296d0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c e.. ... ...mul\n-000296e0: 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 tiboot2... - Loa\n-000296f0: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 d a multiboot 2 \n-00029700: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 kernel.. ... .\n-00029710: 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d ..multiboot... -\n-00029720: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n-00029730: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t kernel.. ...\n-00029740: 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d 204c ...ntldr... - L\n-00029750: 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f oad NTLDR or Boo\n-00029760: 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tMGR.. ... ...\n-00029770: 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 plan9... - Load \n-00029780: 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 Plan9 kernel.. \n-00029790: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 696e ... ...pxechain\n-000297a0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 loader... - Load\n-000297b0: 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 a PXE image.. \n-000297c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 ... ...truecryp\n-000297d0: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 7565 t... - Load True\n-000297e0: 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 crypt ISO.. ..\n-000297f0: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 . ...xnu_kernel6\n-00029800: 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 4... - Load 64-b\n-00029810: 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 it XNU image.. \n-00029820: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e ... ...xnu_kern\n-00029830: 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 el... - Load XNU\n-00029840: 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 image.. ... .\n-00029850: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 8099 ..xnu_kextdir...\n-00029860: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 - Load XNU exte\n-00029870: 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e nsion directory.\n-00029880: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b . ... ...xnu_k\n-00029890: 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e ext... - Load XN\n-000298a0: 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 U extension.. \n-000298b0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 ... ...xnu_mkext\n-000298c0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 ... - Load XNU e\n-000298d0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 6765 xtension package\n-000298e0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-000298f0: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ramdisk... - Loa\n-00029900: 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 d XNU ramdisk. \n-00029910: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 696c It will be avail\n-00029920: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a 2020 able in OS as. \n-00029930: 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 md0.. ... .\n-00029940: 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 9920 ..xnu_resume... \n-00029950: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 - Load an image \n-00029960: 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 584e of hibernated XN\n-00029970: 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 U.. ... ...xnu\n-00029980: 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _splash... - Loa\n-00029990: 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 6765 d a splash image\n-000299a0: 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e for XNU...* Men\n-000299b0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 u:..* chainloade\n-000299c0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 Chain-load a\n-000299e0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 nother boot load\n-000299f0: 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 2020 er.* initrd:: \n+00028740: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 6e74 ====..The semant\n+00028750: 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7273 ics used in pars\n+00028760: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing the configur\n+00028770: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 2074 ation file are t\n+00028780: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n+00028790: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 ... The files \n+000287a0: 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 6c61 _must_ be in pla\n+000287b0: 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in-text format..\n+000287c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 e280 9920 . ... ...#... \n+000287d0: 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 at the beginning\n+000287e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 6120 of a line in a \n+000287f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00028800: 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 0a20 le means it is. \n+00028810: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 only a comme\n+00028820: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4f70 7469 nt... ... Opti\n+00028830: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 ons are separate\n+00028840: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n+00028850: 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 7273 ... All numbers\n+00028860: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 can be either d\n+00028870: 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 ecimal or hexade\n+00028880: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 cimal. A hexade\n+00028890: 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 cimal. numbe\n+000288a0: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 r must be preced\n+000288b0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2c20 ed by ...0x..., \n+000288c0: 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 and is case-inse\n+000288d0: 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 nsitive... The\n+000288e0: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 se commands can \n+000288f0: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 only be used in \n+00028900: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e the menu:..* Men\n+00028910: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a u:..* menuentry:\n+00028920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028930: 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 6e75 Start a menu\n+00028940: 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 entry.* submenu\n+00028950: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d 656e Group men\n+00028970: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c u entries....Fil\n+00028980: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00028990: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 ode: menuentry, \n+000289a0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 Next: submenu, \n+000289b0: 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 Up: Menu-specif\n+000289c0: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ic commands..17.\n+000289d0: 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 2d2d 1.1 menuentry.--\n+000289e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000289f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 656e -- Command: men\n+00028a00: 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d uentry TITLE [--\n+00028a10: 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d class=class ...]\n+00028a20: 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d [--users=users]\n+00028a30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e . [--un\n+00028a40: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 restricted] [--h\n+00028a50: 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 otkey=key] [--id\n+00028a60: 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d 207b =id] [ARG ...] {\n+00028a70: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 COMMAND;. \n+00028a80: 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ... }. T\n+00028a90: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 4752 his defines a GR\n+00028aa0: 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6e61 UB menu entry na\n+00028ab0: 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 656e med TITLE. When\n+00028ac0: 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 0a20 this entry is. \n+00028ad0: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 726f selected fro\n+00028ae0: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 m the menu, GRUB\n+00028af0: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 4348 will set the CH\n+00028b00: 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 OSEN environment\n+00028b10: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 . variable t\n+00028b20: 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 2d2d o value of ...--\n+00028b30: 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 id... if ...--id\n+00028b40: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 ... is given, ex\n+00028b50: 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ecute the list o\n+00028b60: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 f. commands \n+00028b70: 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 given within bra\n+00028b80: 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 ces, and if the \n+00028b90: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n+00028ba0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the list. re\n+00028bb0: 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 turned successfu\n+00028bc0: 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c lly and a kernel\n+00028bd0: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 was loaded it w\n+00028be0: 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a ill execute the.\n+00028bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...boot... \n+00028c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 command... T\n+00028c10: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 73e2 8099 he ...--class...\n+00028c20: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2075 option may be u\n+00028c30: 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f sed any number o\n+00028c40: 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 726f 7570 f times to group\n+00028c50: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+00028c60: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 7365 732e es into classes.\n+00028c70: 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 7320 6d61 Menu themes ma\n+00028c80: 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 6666 6572 y display differ\n+00028c90: 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a 2020 2020 ent classes. \n+00028ca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 using different\n+00028cb0: 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 styles... T\n+00028cc0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 he ...--users...\n+00028cd0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 2073 option grants s\n+00028ce0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 6163 pecific users ac\n+00028cf0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n+00028d00: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+00028d10: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00028d20: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n+00028d30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ...--unrestrict\n+00028d40: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 ed... option gra\n+00028d50: 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 nts all users ac\n+00028d60: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n+00028d70: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 . menu entri\n+00028d80: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00028d90: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n+00028da0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 9920 ...--hotkey... \n+00028db0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 option associate\n+00028dc0: 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 s a hotkey with \n+00028dd0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b a menu entry. K\n+00028de0: 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 EY. may be a\n+00028df0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 single letter, \n+00028e00: 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c or one of the al\n+00028e10: 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 7061 iases ...backspa\n+00028e20: 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 8099 ce..., ...tab...\n+00028e30: 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 656c ,. or ...del\n+00028e40: 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ete...... Th\n+00028e50: 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d 6179 e ...--id... may\n+00028e60: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 736f be used to asso\n+00028e70: 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 ciate unique ide\n+00028e80: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 206d ntifier with a m\n+00028e90: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 enu. entry. \n+00028ea0: 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 ID is string of\n+00028eb0: 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 ASCII aphanumer\n+00028ec0: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 ic characters, u\n+00028ed0: 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 nderscore. a\n+00028ee0: 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 nd hyphen and sh\n+00028ef0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 ould not start w\n+00028f00: 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 ith a digit... \n+00028f10: 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 All other arg\n+00028f20: 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 uments including\n+00028f30: 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 TITLE are passe\n+00028f40: 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a d as positional.\n+00028f50: 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 parameters \n+00028f60: 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d when list of com\n+00028f70: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 mands is execute\n+00028f80: 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 d with TITLE alw\n+00028f90: 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 ays. assigne\n+00028fa0: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e 0a0a d to ...$1......\n+00028fb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00028fc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e o, Node: submen\n+00028fd0: 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e u, Prev: menuen\n+00028fe0: 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 try, Up: Menu-s\n+00028ff0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+00029000: 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 ..17.1.2 submenu\n+00029010: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00029020: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 . -- Command: su\n+00029030: 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 bmenu TITLE [--c\n+00029040: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 lass=class ...] \n+00029050: 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a [--users=users].\n+00029060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 [--unr\n+00029070: 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f estricted] [--ho\n+00029080: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d tkey=key] [--id=\n+00029090: 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 id] { MENU ENTRI\n+000290a0: 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ES ... }. Th\n+000290b0: 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 7562 is defines a sub\n+000290c0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 7920 menu. An entry \n+000290d0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 696c called TITLE wil\n+000290e0: 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 l be added to th\n+000290f0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 6865 e. menu; whe\n+00029100: 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 n that entry is \n+00029110: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 selected, a new \n+00029120: 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 menu will be dis\n+00029130: 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 played. show\n+00029140: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e 7472 ing all the entr\n+00029150: 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 7320 ies within this \n+00029160: 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 submenu... A\n+00029170: 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2074 ll options are t\n+00029180: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 he same as in th\n+00029190: 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 e ...menuentry..\n+000291a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+000291b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a . menuentry:\n+000291c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000291d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+000291e0: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 oader commands, \n+000291f0: 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Next: General c\n+00029200: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+00029210: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+00029220: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n+00029230: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 7269 mands..17.2 Vari\n+00029240: 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 ous loader comma\n+00029250: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+00029260: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00029270: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ..These commands\n+00029280: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 are used to loa\n+00029290: 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 d necessary comp\n+000292a0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 onents to boot d\n+000292b0: 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 esired OS..Many \n+000292c0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f of the loader co\n+000292d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 mmands are not s\n+000292e0: 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 ufficiently docu\n+000292f0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c mented. The.fol\n+00029300: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 lowing is a list\n+00029310: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 of commands tha\n+00029320: 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 t could use more\n+00029330: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 3a0a documentation:.\n+00029340: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 6c65 . ... ...apple\n+00029350: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f 6f74 loader... - Boot\n+00029360: 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 7374 BIOS-based syst\n+00029370: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6672 em.. ... ...fr\n+00029380: 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eedos... - Load \n+00029390: 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 2e73 FreeDOS kernel.s\n+000293a0: 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 ys.. ... ...kf\n+000293b0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 e280 reebsd_loadenv..\n+000293c0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 . - Load FreeBSD\n+000293d0: 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 env.. ... ...\n+000293e0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f kfreebsd_module_\n+000293f0: 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 elf... - Load Fr\n+00029400: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 eeBSD kernel mod\n+00029410: 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 ule (ELF).. ..\n+00029420: a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f . ...kfreebsd_mo\n+00029430: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 dule... - Load F\n+00029440: 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f reeBSD kernel mo\n+00029450: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n+00029460: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f kfreebsd... - Lo\n+00029470: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 ad kernel of Fre\n+00029480: 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 eBSD.. ... ...\n+00029490: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n+000294a0: 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 lf... - Load Net\n+000294b0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n+000294c0: 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e (ELF).. ... \n+000294d0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n+000294e0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 e... - Load NetB\n+000294f0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n+00029500: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 .. ... ...knet\n+00029510: 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 bsd... - Load ke\n+00029520: 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a rnel of NetBSD..\n+00029530: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 ... ...kopenb\n+00029540: 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 sd... - Load ker\n+00029550: 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2e0a nel of OpenBSD..\n+00029560: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 6e62 ... ...kopenb\n+00029570: 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 sd_ramdisk... - \n+00029580: 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 7261 Load kOpenBSD ra\n+00029590: 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 mdisk.. ... ..\n+000295a0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 5f6e .legacy_initrd_n\n+000295b0: 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ounzip... - Simu\n+000295c0: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n+000295d0: 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 7027 'modulenounzip'\n+000295e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 . command. \n+000295f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 ... ...legacy_i\n+00029600: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c nitrd... - 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Load a multib\n+00029730: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 oot kernel.. .\n+00029740: 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d .. ...ntldr... -\n+00029750: 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 Load NTLDR or B\n+00029760: 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ootMGR.. ... .\n+00029770: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ..plan9... - Loa\n+00029780: 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a d Plan9 kernel..\n+00029790: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 ... ...pxecha\n+000297a0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f inloader... - Lo\n+000297b0: 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a ad a PXE image..\n+000297c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 ... ...truecr\n+000297d0: 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 ypt... - Load Tr\n+000297e0: 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 uecrypt ISO.. \n+000297f0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 ... ...xnu_kerne\n+00029800: 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 l64... - Load 64\n+00029810: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a -bit XNU image..\n+00029820: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n+00029830: 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 rnel... - Load X\n+00029840: 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 NU image.. ...\n+00029850: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 ...xnu_kextdir.\n+00029860: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n+00029870: 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 tension director\n+00029880: 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 y.. ... ...xnu\n+00029890: 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 _kext... - Load \n+000298a0: 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 XNU extension.. \n+000298b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 ... ...xnu_mke\n+000298c0: 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 xt... - Load XNU\n+000298d0: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 extension packa\n+000298e0: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+000298f0: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c u_ramdisk... - L\n+00029900: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e oad XNU ramdisk.\n+00029910: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 It will be ava\n+00029920: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a ilable in OS as.\n+00029930: 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 md0.. ...\n+00029940: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 ...xnu_resume..\n+00029950: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 . - Load an imag\n+00029960: 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 6420 e of hibernated \n+00029970: 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 XNU.. ... ...x\n+00029980: 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d 204c nu_splash... - L\n+00029990: 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 6d61 oad a splash ima\n+000299a0: 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a 204d ge for XNU...* M\n+000299b0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 enu:..* chainloa\n+000299c0: 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der:: \n+000299d0: 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Chain-load\n+000299e0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f another boot lo\n+000299f0: 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a20 ader.* initrd:: \n 00029a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029a10: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n-00029a20: 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 initrd.* initrd1\n-00029a30: 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6:: \n-00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029a50: 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 2d62 nux initrd (16-b\n-00029a60: 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 it mode).* linux\n-00029a70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n-00029a90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c Linux kernel.* l\n-00029aa0: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux16:: \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029ac0: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-00029ad0: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n-00029ae0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a xen_hypervisor:\n-00029af0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c : L\n-00029b00: 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 oad xen hypervis\n-00029b10: 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 or binary (only \n-00029b20: 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 7865 on AArch64).* xe\n-00029b30: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 n_module:: \n-00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00029b50: 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 6f72 xen modules for\n-00029b60: 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen hypervisor \n-00029b70: 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 (only on AArch64\n-00029b80: 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e )....File: grub.\n-00029b90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 info, Node: cha\n-00029ba0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a inloader, Next:\n-00029bb0: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f initrd, Up: Lo\n-00029bc0: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n-00029bd0: 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7.2.1 chainloade\n-00029be0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00029c00: 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 205b d: chainloader [\n-00029c10: 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 --force] file [a\n-00029c20: 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 rgs...]. Loa\n-00029c30: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 6169 d FILE as a chai\n-00029c40: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b 6520 n-loader. Like \n-00029c50: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 206c any other file l\n-00029c60: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 oaded by the. \n-00029c70: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 filesystem cod\n-00029c80: 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 e, it can use th\n-00029c90: 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 e blocklist nota\n-00029ca0: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 tion (*note Bloc\n-00029cb0: 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 k. list synt\n-00029cc0: 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 7468 ax::) to grab th\n-00029cd0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n-00029ce0: 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7061 f the current pa\n-00029cf0: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rtition. wit\n-00029d00: 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 h ...+1.... On \n-00029d10: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2061 EFI platforms, a\n-00029d20: 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 6674 ny arguments aft\n-00029d30: 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 er FILE will be \n-00029d40: 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 sent. to the\n-00029d50: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a loaded image...\n-00029d60: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 If you spec\n-00029d70: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ify the option .\n-00029d80: 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..--force..., th\n-00029d90: 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 en load FILE for\n-00029da0: 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6574 cibly,. whet\n-00029db0: 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 6f72 her it has a cor\n-00029dc0: 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f rect signature o\n-00029dd0: 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 r not. This is \n-00029de0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 required when. \n-00029df0: 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 206c you want to l\n-00029e00: 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 6520 oad a defective \n-00029e10: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 7563 boot loader, suc\n-00029e20: 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 6172 h as SCO UnixWar\n-00029e30: 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e 7.1.....File: \n-00029e40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00029e50: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a : initrd, Next:\n-00029e60: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 initrd16, Prev\n-00029e70: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n-00029e80: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n-00029e90: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e 6974 nds..17.2.2 init\n-00029ea0: 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd.-------------\n-00029eb0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 .. -- Command: i\n-00029ec0: 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 nitrd file [file\n-00029ed0: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c ...]. Load,\n-00029ee0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 in order, all i\n-00029ef0: 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e nitrds for a Lin\n-00029f00: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c ux kernel image,\n-00029f10: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 2020 and set the. \n-00029f20: 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 appropriate pa\n-00029f30: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rameters in the \n-00029f40: 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 Linux setup area\n-00029f50: 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 in memory. Thi\n-00029f60: 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 s may. only \n-00029f70: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 be used after th\n-00029f80: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f e ...linux... co\n-00029f90: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e mmand (*note lin\n-00029fa0: 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 0a20 ux::) has been. \n-00029fb0: 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e run. See *n\n-00029fc0: 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 ote GNU/Linux:: \n-00029fd0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e for more info on\n-00029fe0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e booting GNU/Lin\n-00029ff0: 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 ux.. For mor\n-0002a000: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-0002a010: 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 6865 initrds see the\n-0002a020: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 GNU/Linux kerne\n-0002a030: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 l. documenta\n-0002a040: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 tion. (https\n-0002a050: 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f ://docs.kernel.o\n-0002a060: 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 rg/filesystems/r\n-0002a070: 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e 6974 amfs-rootfs-init\n-0002a080: 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 ramfs.html)... \n-0002a090: 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 A new-style i\n-0002a0a0: 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 nitrd (for kerne\n-0002a0b0: 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 322e ls newer than 2.\n-0002a0c0: 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6) containing on\n-0002a0d0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 e file. with\n-0002a0e0: 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 636f leading path co\n-0002a0f0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 6c73 mponents can als\n-0002a100: 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 o be generated a\n-0002a110: 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 t run time.. \n-0002a120: 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e This can be don\n-0002a130: 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2061 e by prefixing a\n-0002a140: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 n argument with \n-0002a150: e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 666f 6c6c ...newc:... foll\n-0002a160: 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 owed by. the\n-0002a170: 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c path of the fil\n-0002a180: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e69 e in the new ini\n-0002a190: 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 trd, a ...:..., \n-0002a1a0: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 and then the GRU\n-0002a1b0: 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 7468 B. file path\n-0002a1c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 6174 to the file dat\n-0002a1d0: 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 a to be be inclu\n-0002a1e0: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 ded... For e\n-0002a1f0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n-0002a200: 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a 2f65 initrd newc:/e\n-0002a210: 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 tc/ssh/config:(h\n-0002a220: 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f d0,2)/home/user/\n-0002a230: 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 .ssh/config \\. \n-0002a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0002a250: 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 ewc:/etc/ssh/ssh\n-0002a260: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 _host_rsa_key:/e\n-0002a270: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n-0002a280: 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 rsa_key \\. \n-0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f 6f74 /boot\n-0002a2a0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 2020 /initrd.gz \\. \n-0002a2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0002a2c0: 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 wc:/init:/home/u\n-0002a2d0: 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a ser/init.fixed..\n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002a2f0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 d will generate \n-0002a300: 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e two new-style in\n-0002a310: 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6c79 itrds on the fly\n-0002a320: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 . The. firs\n-0002a330: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2070 t contains the p\n-0002a340: 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f ath .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a350: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 config... with t\n-0002a360: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 he contents of. \n-0002a370: 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 2f68 ...(hd0,2)/h\n-0002a380: 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f ome/user/.ssh/co\n-0002a390: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 nfig... and the \n-0002a3a0: 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 path. .../et\n-0002a3b0: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n-0002a3c0: 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 2074 sa_key... with t\n-0002a3d0: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 he contents of. \n-0002a3e0: 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f .../etc/ssh/\n-0002a3f0: 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 ssh_host_rsa_key\n-0002a400: e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 ... on the ROOT \n-0002a410: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e 7420 device. Parent \n-0002a420: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2070 directory. p\n-0002a430: 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 aths will automa\n-0002a440: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e 6572 tically be gener\n-0002a450: 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 ated as needed. \n-0002a460: 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 This first. \n-0002a470: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 7472 generated initr\n-0002a480: 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 7665 d will then have\n-0002a490: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 .../boot/initrd\n-0002a4a0: 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 .gz... concatena\n-0002a4b0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 2069 ted. after i\n-0002a4c0: 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 t. Next, anothe\n-0002a4d0: 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 6368 r new-style arch\n-0002a4e0: 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 ive will be gene\n-0002a4f0: 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 rated with. \n-0002a500: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-0002a510: e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e .../home/user/in\n-0002a520: 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e 2074 it.fixed... in t\n-0002a530: 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 he path .../init\n-0002a540: e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 7070 ... and. app\n-0002a550: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 ended to the pre\n-0002a560: 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 vious concatenat\n-0002a570: 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 ion. Finally, t\n-0002a580: 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 he result will. \n-0002a590: 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f 2074 be sent to t\n-0002a5a0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e 2062 he kernel when b\n-0002a5b0: 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b 6565 ooted... Kee\n-0002a5c0: 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 2070 p in mind that p\n-0002a5d0: 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 206c aths that come l\n-0002a5e0: 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 ater will take p\n-0002a5f0: 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f 0a20 recedence. So. \n-0002a600: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 in the examp\n-0002a610: 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 6765 le above, the ge\n-0002a620: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 8098 nerated path ...\n-0002a630: 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 /init... will ov\n-0002a640: 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 2020 erwrite any. \n-0002a650: 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 .../init... in \n-0002a660: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e .../boot/initrd.\n-0002a670: 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e gz.... This can\n-0002a680: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 be useful when \n-0002a690: 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 changing the. \n-0002a6a0: 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 main initrd is\n-0002a6b0: 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f 7220 undesirable or \n-0002a6c0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 difficult.....Fi\n-0002a6d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002a6e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 Node: initrd16, \n-0002a6f0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 Next: linux, P\n-0002a700: 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 rev: initrd, Up\n-0002a710: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002a720: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 7264 s..17.2.3 initrd\n-0002a730: 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16.-------------\n-0002a740: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002a750: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 205b initrd16 file [\n-0002a760: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c file ...]. L\n-0002a770: 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 oad, in order, a\n-0002a780: 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 ll initrds for a\n-0002a790: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n-0002a7a0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 age to be booted\n-0002a7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 . in 16-bit \n-0002a7c0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 mode, and set th\n-0002a7d0: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 e appropriate pa\n-0002a7e0: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rameters in the \n-0002a7f0: 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 7570 Linux. setup\n-0002a800: 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e area in memory.\n-0002a810: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 This may only \n-0002a820: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 be used after th\n-0002a830: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a e ...linux16....\n-0002a840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e command (*n\n-0002a850: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 ote linux16::) h\n-0002a860: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 as been run. Se\n-0002a870: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 e also *note GNU\n-0002a880: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 616e /Linux::. an\n-0002a890: 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 d the ...initrd.\n-0002a8a0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n-0002a8b0: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 e initrd::) for \n-0002a8c0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a more details on.\n-0002a8d0: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e0a arguments..\n-0002a8e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002a8f0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002a900: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 2070 able on the pc p\n-0002a910: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 3620 latform for x86 \n-0002a920: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n-0002a930: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002a940: 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 de: linux, Next\n-0002a950: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 : linux16, Prev\n-0002a960: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a : initrd16, Up:\n-0002a970: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002a980: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 0a2d ..17.2.4 linux.-\n-0002a990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002a9a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 Command: linux \n-0002a9b0: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n-0002a9c0: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n-0002a9d0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c l image from FIL\n-0002a9e0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 E. The rest of \n-0002a9f0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-0002aa00: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002aa10: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002aa20: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002aa30: 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d .. Any initrd m\n-0002aa40: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f ust be. relo\n-0002aa50: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n-0002aa60: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n-0002aa70: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a note initrd::)..\n-0002aa80: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 . On x86 sys\n-0002aa90: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tems, the kernel\n-0002aaa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n-0002aab0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 using the 32-bit\n-0002aac0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n-0002aad0: 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 col. Note that \n-0002aae0: 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 this means that \n-0002aaf0: 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 the ...vga=... b\n-0002ab00: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a oot option will.\n-0002ab10: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 not work; i\n-0002ab20: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 f you want to se\n-0002ab30: 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 t a special vide\n-0002ab40: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c o mode, you will\n-0002ab50: 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 need to. us\n-0002ab60: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e GRUB commands \n-0002ab70: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 2067 such as ...set g\n-0002ab80: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 fxpayload=1024x7\n-0002ab90: 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 740a 68... or ...set.\n-0002aba0: 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d gfxpayload=\n-0002abb0: 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 keep... (to keep\n-0002abc0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 the same mode a\n-0002abd0: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2920 s used in GRUB) \n-0002abe0: 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 instead.. GR\n-0002abf0: 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 UB can automatic\n-0002ac00: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f 6d65 ally detect some\n-0002ac10: 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 613d uses of ...vga=\n-0002ac20: e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 ... and translat\n-0002ac30: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 e. them to a\n-0002ac40: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 ppropriate setti\n-0002ac50: 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 6179 ngs of ...gfxpay\n-0002ac60: 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 e280 load.... The ..\n-0002ac70: 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 .linux16.... \n-0002ac80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0002ac90: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 linux16::) avoid\n-0002aca0: 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 s this restricti\n-0002acb0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0002acc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-0002acd0: 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 inux16, Next: x\n-0002ace0: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002acf0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 Prev: linux, Up\n-0002ad00: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002ad10: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 s..17.2.5 linux1\n-0002ad20: 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.--------------\n-0002ad30: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-0002ad40: 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a inux16 file ....\n-0002ad50: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n-0002ad60: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 x kernel image f\n-0002ad70: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 rom FILE in 16-b\n-0002ad80: 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 it mode. The re\n-0002ad90: 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c st of. the l\n-0002ada0: 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 ine is passed ve\n-0002adb0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 rbatim as the ..\n-0002adc0: 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d .kernel command-\n-0002add0: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a 2020 line.... Any. \n-0002ade0: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 initrd must b\n-0002adf0: 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 e reloaded after\n-0002ae00: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-0002ae10: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 and (*note. \n-0002ae20: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 initrd16::)... \n-0002ae30: 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 The kernel wi\n-0002ae40: 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 ll be booted usi\n-0002ae50: 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e ng the tradition\n-0002ae60: 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 al 16-bit boot. \n-0002ae70: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 protocol. A\n-0002ae80: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 7373 s well as bypass\n-0002ae90: 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 ing problems wit\n-0002aea0: 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 6573 h ...vga=... des\n-0002aeb0: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 202a cribed in. *\n-0002aec0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 note linux::, th\n-0002aed0: 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 is permits booti\n-0002aee0: 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ng some other pr\n-0002aef0: 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 ograms that. \n-0002af00: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 204c implement the L\n-0002af10: 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 inux boot protoc\n-0002af20: 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 ol for the sake \n-0002af30: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a of convenience..\n-0002af40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002af50: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002af60: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 able on x86 syst\n-0002af70: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n-0002af80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002af90: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n-0002afa0: 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c Next: xen_modul\n-0002afb0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 e, Prev: linux1\n-0002afc0: 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6, Up: Loader c\n-0002afd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3620 ommands..17.2.6 \n-0002afe0: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d xen_hypervisor.-\n-0002aff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b010: 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f d: xen_hyperviso\n-0002b020: 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 r file [argument\n-0002b030: 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 s] .... Load\n-0002b040: 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f a Xen hyperviso\n-0002b050: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 r binary from FI\n-0002b060: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n-0002b070: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n-0002b080: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n-0002b090: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n-0002b0a0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n-0002b0b0: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 ... Any other b\n-0002b0c0: 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 inaries. mus\n-0002b0d0: 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 t be reloaded af\n-0002b0e0: 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 ter using this c\n-0002b0f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f ommand. This co\n-0002b100: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 mmand is only. \n-0002b110: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 available on \n-0002b120: 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e AArch64 systems.\n-0002b130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002b140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f nfo, Node: xen_\n-0002b150: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 module, Prev: x\n-0002b160: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002b170: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n-0002b180: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 6e5f nds..17.2.7 xen_\n-0002b190: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.---------\n-0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002b1b0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c mmand: xen_modul\n-0002b1c0: 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 e [--nounzip] fi\n-0002b1d0: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 le [arguments]. \n-0002b1e0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c Load a modul\n-0002b1f0: 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 e for xen hyperv\n-0002b200: 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 isor at the boot\n-0002b210: 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 2078 ing process of x\n-0002b220: 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 en.. The res\n-0002b230: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-0002b240: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002b250: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 as the module c\n-0002b260: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 2020 ommand line.. \n-0002b270: 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 Modules should\n-0002b280: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be loaded in th\n-0002b290: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 6465 e following orde\n-0002b2a0: 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e 656c r: - dom0 kernel\n-0002b2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 646f . image - do\n-0002b2c0: 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 7072 m0 ramdisk if pr\n-0002b2d0: 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 esent - XSM poli\n-0002b2e0: 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 5468 cy if present Th\n-0002b2f0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is. command \n-0002b300: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0002b310: 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 e on AArch64 sys\n-0002b320: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n-0002b330: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002b340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002b350: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n-0002b360: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n-0002b370: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 Prev: Loader c\n-0002b380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n-0002b390: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 656e mmands..17.3 Gen\n-0002b3a0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d eral commands.==\n+00029a10: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+00029a20: 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 x initrd.* initr\n+00029a30: 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d16:: \n+00029a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+00029a50: 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 3136 Linux initrd (16\n+00029a60: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 696e -bit mode).* lin\n+00029a70: 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux:: \n+00029a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00029a90: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a a Linux kernel.*\n+00029aa0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 linux16:: \n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029ac0: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n+00029ad0: 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 el (16-bit mode)\n+00029ae0: 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f .* xen_hyperviso\n+00029af0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n+00029b00: 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 Load xen hyperv\n+00029b10: 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f 6e6c isor binary (onl\n+00029b20: 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 2a20 y on AArch64).* \n+00029b30: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 xen_module:: \n+00029b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00029b50: 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 ad xen modules f\n+00029b60: 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f or xen hyperviso\n+00029b70: 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 r (only on AArch\n+00029b80: 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 64)....File: gru\n+00029b90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+00029ba0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e 6578 hainloader, Nex\n+00029bb0: 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 t: initrd, Up: \n+00029bc0: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n+00029bd0: 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 .17.2.1 chainloa\n+00029be0: 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d der.------------\n+00029bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00029c00: 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 and: chainloader\n+00029c10: 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c 6520 [--force] file \n+00029c20: 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [args...]. L\n+00029c30: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 oad FILE as a ch\n+00029c40: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b ain-loader. Lik\n+00029c50: 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 e any other file\n+00029c60: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 loaded by the. \n+00029c70: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 filesystem c\n+00029c80: 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 ode, it can use \n+00029c90: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f the blocklist no\n+00029ca0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c tation (*note Bl\n+00029cb0: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 ock. list sy\n+00029cc0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 ntax::) to grab \n+00029cd0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+00029ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 of the current \n+00029cf0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n+00029d00: 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f ith ...+1.... O\n+00029d10: 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c n EFI platforms,\n+00029d20: 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 any arguments a\n+00029d30: 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 fter FILE will b\n+00029d40: 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 e sent. to t\n+00029d50: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 652e he loaded image.\n+00029d60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 .. If you sp\n+00029d70: 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ecify the option\n+00029d80: 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 ...--force..., \n+00029d90: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2066 then load FILE f\n+00029da0: 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 orcibly,. wh\n+00029db0: 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 2063 ether it has a c\n+00029dc0: 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 orrect signature\n+00029dd0: 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 or not. This i\n+00029de0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e0a s required when.\n+00029df0: 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f you want to\n+00029e00: 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 6976 load a defectiv\n+00029e10: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2073 e boot loader, s\n+00029e20: 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 7857 uch as SCO UnixW\n+00029e30: 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 are 7.1.....File\n+00029e40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029e50: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 de: initrd, Nex\n+00029e60: 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 t: initrd16, Pr\n+00029e70: 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c ev: chainloader,\n+00029e80: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+00029e90: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 696e mands..17.2.2 in\n+00029ea0: 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd.-----------\n+00029eb0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00029ec0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 initrd file [fi\n+00029ed0: 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le ...]. Loa\n+00029ee0: 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c d, in order, all\n+00029ef0: 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c initrds for a L\n+00029f00: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n+00029f10: 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a20 e, and set the. \n+00029f20: 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 appropriate \n+00029f30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 parameters in th\n+00029f40: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 6172 e Linux setup ar\n+00029f50: 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 ea in memory. T\n+00029f60: 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c his may. onl\n+00029f70: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 y be used after \n+00029f80: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 the ...linux... \n+00029f90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+00029fa0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e inux::) has been\n+00029fb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 . run. See \n+00029fc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a *note GNU/Linux:\n+00029fd0: 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 : for more info \n+00029fe0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c on booting GNU/L\n+00029ff0: 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d inux.. For m\n+0002a000: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ore information \n+0002a010: 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 on initrds see t\n+0002a020: 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 he GNU/Linux ker\n+0002a030: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e nel. documen\n+0002a040: 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tation. (htt\n+0002a050: 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e 656c ps://docs.kernel\n+0002a060: 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 .org/filesystems\n+0002a070: 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d 696e /ramfs-rootfs-in\n+0002a080: 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a itramfs.html)...\n+0002a090: 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 A new-style\n+0002a0a0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b 6572 initrd (for ker\n+0002a0b0: 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 nels newer than \n+0002a0c0: 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 2.6) containing \n+0002a0d0: 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7769 one file. wi\n+0002a0e0: 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 6820 th leading path \n+0002a0f0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e 2061 components can a\n+0002a100: 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 lso be generated\n+0002a110: 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 at run time.. \n+0002a120: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2064 This can be d\n+0002a130: 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 one by prefixing\n+0002a140: 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 6974 an argument wit\n+0002a150: 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 666f h ...newc:... fo\n+0002a160: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 llowed by. t\n+0002a170: 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2066 he path of the f\n+0002a180: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 ile in the new i\n+0002a190: 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 8099 nitrd, a ...:...\n+0002a1a0: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 , and then the G\n+0002a1b0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7061 RUB. file pa\n+0002a1c0: 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2064 th to the file d\n+0002a1d0: 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 6e63 ata to be be inc\n+0002a1e0: 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 luded... For\n+0002a1f0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 example:. \n+0002a200: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 633a initrd newc:\n+0002a210: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 673a /etc/ssh/config:\n+0002a220: 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 (hd0,2)/home/use\n+0002a230: 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 5c0a r/.ssh/config \\.\n+0002a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a250: 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 newc:/etc/ssh/s\n+0002a260: 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 793a sh_host_rsa_key:\n+0002a270: 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 /etc/ssh/ssh_hos\n+0002a280: 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 t_rsa_key \\. \n+0002a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 626f /bo\n+0002a2a0: 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c 0a20 ot/initrd.gz \\. \n+0002a2b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a2c0: 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f 6d65 newc:/init:/home\n+0002a2d0: 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 /user/init.fixed\n+0002a2e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002a2f0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 and will generat\n+0002a300: 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 e two new-style \n+0002a310: 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 initrds on the f\n+0002a320: 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 ly. The. fi\n+0002a330: 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 rst contains the\n+0002a340: 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 path .../etc/ss\n+0002a350: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 h/config... with\n+0002a360: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a370: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 . ...(hd0,2)\n+0002a380: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f /home/user/.ssh/\n+0002a390: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 config... and th\n+0002a3a0: 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f e path. .../\n+0002a3b0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n+0002a3c0: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 _rsa_key... with\n+0002a3d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 . .../etc/ss\n+0002a3f0: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a400: 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f ey... on the ROO\n+0002a410: 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e T device. Paren\n+0002a420: 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 t directory. \n+0002a430: 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f paths will auto\n+0002a440: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e matically be gen\n+0002a450: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 erated as needed\n+0002a460: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 . This first. \n+0002a470: 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 generated ini\n+0002a480: 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 trd will then ha\n+0002a490: 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 ve .../boot/init\n+0002a4a0: 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 rd.gz... concate\n+0002a4b0: 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 nated. after\n+0002a4c0: 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 it. Next, anot\n+0002a4d0: 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 her new-style ar\n+0002a4e0: 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 chive will be ge\n+0002a4f0: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 nerated with. \n+0002a500: 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f the contents o\n+0002a510: 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f f .../home/user/\n+0002a520: 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e init.fixed... in\n+0002a530: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e the path .../in\n+0002a540: 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 it... and. a\n+0002a550: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 ppended to the p\n+0002a560: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e revious concaten\n+0002a570: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ation. Finally,\n+0002a580: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c the result will\n+0002a590: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f . be sent to\n+0002a5a0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e the kernel when\n+0002a5b0: 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b booted... K\n+0002a5c0: 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 eep in mind that\n+0002a5d0: 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 paths that come\n+0002a5e0: 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 later will take\n+0002a5f0: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f precedence. So\n+0002a600: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 . in the exa\n+0002a610: 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 mple above, the \n+0002a620: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 generated path .\n+0002a630: 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 ../init... will \n+0002a640: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 overwrite any. \n+0002a650: 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 .../init... i\n+0002a660: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 n .../boot/initr\n+0002a670: 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 d.gz.... This c\n+0002a680: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 an be useful whe\n+0002a690: 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 n changing the. \n+0002a6a0: 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 main initrd \n+0002a6b0: 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f is undesirable o\n+0002a6c0: 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a r difficult.....\n+0002a6d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a6e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Node: initrd16\n+0002a6f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Next: linux, \n+0002a700: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 Prev: initrd, \n+0002a710: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002a720: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 nds..17.2.3 init\n+0002a730: 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd16.-----------\n+0002a740: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002a750: 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 d: initrd16 file\n+0002a760: 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n+0002a770: 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c Load, in order,\n+0002a780: 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 all initrds for\n+0002a790: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n+0002a7a0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 image to be boot\n+0002a7b0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 ed. in 16-bi\n+0002a7c0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 t mode, and set \n+0002a7d0: 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the appropriate \n+0002a7e0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 parameters in th\n+0002a7f0: 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 e Linux. set\n+0002a800: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002a810: 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c y. This may onl\n+0002a820: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 y be used after \n+0002a830: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 the ...linux16..\n+0002a840: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 .. command (\n+0002a850: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n+0002a860: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 has been run. \n+0002a870: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 See also *note G\n+0002a880: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux::. \n+0002a890: 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 and the ...initr\n+0002a8a0: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e d... command (*n\n+0002a8b0: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f ote initrd::) fo\n+0002a8c0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f r more details o\n+0002a8d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 n. arguments\n+0002a8e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002a8f0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002a900: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 ilable on the pc\n+0002a910: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 platform for x8\n+0002a920: 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6 systems.....Fi\n+0002a930: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002a940: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 Node: linux, Ne\n+0002a950: 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 xt: linux16, Pr\n+0002a960: 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 ev: initrd16, U\n+0002a970: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002a980: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 ds..17.2.4 linux\n+0002a990: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+0002a9a0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 -- Command: linu\n+0002a9b0: 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 x file .... \n+0002a9c0: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+0002a9d0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n+0002a9e0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n+0002a9f0: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+0002aa00: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+0002aa10: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002aa20: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002aa30: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 .... Any initrd\n+0002aa40: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 must be. re\n+0002aa50: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n+0002aa60: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n+0002aa70: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n+0002aa80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 ... On x86 s\n+0002aa90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e ystems, the kern\n+0002aaa0: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n+0002aab0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 d using the 32-b\n+0002aac0: 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f it boot. pro\n+0002aad0: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 tocol. Note tha\n+0002aae0: 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 t this means tha\n+0002aaf0: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 t the ...vga=...\n+0002ab00: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c boot option wil\n+0002ab10: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b l. not work;\n+0002ab20: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 if you want to \n+0002ab30: 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 set a special vi\n+0002ab40: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 deo mode, you wi\n+0002ab50: 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ll need to. \n+0002ab60: 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 use GRUB command\n+0002ab70: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 s such as ...set\n+0002ab80: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 gfxpayload=1024\n+0002ab90: 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 x768... or ...se\n+0002aba0: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 t. gfxpayloa\n+0002abb0: 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 d=keep... (to ke\n+0002abc0: 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 ep the same mode\n+0002abd0: 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 as used in GRUB\n+0002abe0: 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 ) instead.. \n+0002abf0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB can automat\n+0002ac00: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f ically detect so\n+0002ac10: 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 me uses of ...vg\n+0002ac20: 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c a=... and transl\n+0002ac30: 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f ate. them to\n+0002ac40: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 appropriate set\n+0002ac50: 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 tings of ...gfxp\n+0002ac60: 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 ayload.... The \n+0002ac70: e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 ...linux16.... \n+0002ac80: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 command (*not\n+0002ac90: 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f e linux16::) avo\n+0002aca0: 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 ids this restric\n+0002acb0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0002acc0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002acd0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a linux16, Next:\n+0002ace0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002acf0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Prev: linux, \n+0002ad00: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002ad10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 nds..17.2.5 linu\n+0002ad20: 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x16.------------\n+0002ad30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002ad40: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e linux16 file ..\n+0002ad50: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 .. Load a Li\n+0002ad60: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n+0002ad70: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 from FILE in 16\n+0002ad80: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 -bit mode. The \n+0002ad90: 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 rest of. the\n+0002ada0: 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 line is passed \n+0002adb0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002adc0: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n+0002add0: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a d-line.... Any.\n+0002ade0: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 initrd must\n+0002adf0: 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 be reloaded aft\n+0002ae00: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n+0002ae10: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mmand (*note. \n+0002ae20: 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a initrd16::)...\n+0002ae30: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 The kernel \n+0002ae40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 will be booted u\n+0002ae50: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 sing the traditi\n+0002ae60: 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 onal 16-bit boot\n+0002ae70: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 . protocol. \n+0002ae80: 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 As well as bypa\n+0002ae90: 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 ssing problems w\n+0002aea0: 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 ith ...vga=... d\n+0002aeb0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 escribed in. \n+0002aec0: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 *note linux::, \n+0002aed0: 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f this permits boo\n+0002aee0: 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 ting some other \n+0002aef0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 programs that. \n+0002af00: 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 implement the\n+0002af10: 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 Linux boot prot\n+0002af20: 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b ocol for the sak\n+0002af30: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 e of convenience\n+0002af40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002af50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002af60: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 ilable on x86 sy\n+0002af70: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0002af80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002af90: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n+0002afa0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 , Next: xen_mod\n+0002afb0: 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 ule, Prev: linu\n+0002afc0: 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 x16, Up: Loader\n+0002afd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002afe0: 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 6 xen_hypervisor\n+0002aff0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002b000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b010: 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 and: xen_hypervi\n+0002b020: 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 sor file [argume\n+0002b030: 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f nts] .... Lo\n+0002b040: 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 ad a Xen hypervi\n+0002b050: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 sor binary from \n+0002b060: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n+0002b070: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002b080: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002b090: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n+0002b0a0: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n+0002b0b0: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 e.... Any other\n+0002b0c0: 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d binaries. m\n+0002b0d0: 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 ust be reloaded \n+0002b0e0: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002b0f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 command. This \n+0002b100: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a command is only.\n+0002b110: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n+0002b120: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d n AArch64 system\n+0002b130: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002b140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 .info, Node: xe\n+0002b150: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a n_module, Prev:\n+0002b160: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002b170: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+0002b180: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 mands..17.2.7 xe\n+0002b190: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n_module.-------\n+0002b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002b1b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 Command: xen_mod\n+0002b1c0: 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 ule [--nounzip] \n+0002b1d0: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n+0002b1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 . Load a mod\n+0002b1f0: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 ule for xen hype\n+0002b200: 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f rvisor at the bo\n+0002b210: 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 oting process of\n+0002b220: 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 xen.. The r\n+0002b230: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+0002b240: 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 is passed verbat\n+0002b250: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n+0002b260: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 command line.. \n+0002b270: 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 Modules shou\n+0002b280: 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 ld be loaded in \n+0002b290: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 the following or\n+0002b2a0: 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e der: - dom0 kern\n+0002b2b0: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 el. image - \n+0002b2c0: 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 dom0 ramdisk if \n+0002b2d0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f present - XSM po\n+0002b2e0: 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 licy if present \n+0002b2f0: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e This. comman\n+0002b300: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n+0002b310: 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 ble on AArch64 s\n+0002b320: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n+0002b330: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002b340: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 e: General comma\n+0002b350: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d nds, Next: Comm\n+0002b360: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002b370: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 s, Prev: Loader\n+0002b380: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0002b390: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 Commands..17.3 G\n+0002b3a0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n 0002b3b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 ===..Commands us\n-0002b3d0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e able anywhere in\n-0002b3e0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e the menu and in\n-0002b3f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-0002b400: 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 e...* Menu:..* s\n-0002b410: 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 erial:: \n-0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-0002b430: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 up a serial dev\n-0002b440: 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ice.* terminal_i\n-0002b450: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nput:: \n-0002b460: 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 Manage input\n-0002b470: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 terminals.* ter\n-0002b480: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 minal_output:: \n-0002b490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 Manag\n-0002b4a0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n-0002b4b0: 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 ls.* terminfo:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e Define termin\n-0002b4e0: 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a al type....File:\n-0002b4f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002b500: 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: serial, Next\n-0002b510: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n-0002b520: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002b530: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3120 ommands..17.3.1 \n-0002b540: 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d serial.---------\n-0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b560: 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 d: serial [--uni\n-0002b570: 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d t=unit] [--port=\n-0002b580: 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 port] [--speed=s\n-0002b590: 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 peed]. \n-0002b5a0: 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d [--word=word] [-\n-0002b5b0: 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 -parity=parity] \n-0002b5c0: 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 [--stop=stop]. \n-0002b5d0: 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 Initialize a \n-0002b5e0: 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 serial device. \n-0002b5f0: 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 UNIT is a number\n-0002b600: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d in the range 0-\n-0002b610: 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 3. specifyin\n-0002b620: 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 g which serial p\n-0002b630: 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 ort to use; defa\n-0002b640: 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a ult is 0, which.\n-0002b650: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 corresponds\n-0002b660: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 to the port oft\n-0002b670: 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a en called COM1..\n-0002b680: 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 7468 . PORT is th\n-0002b690: 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 e I/O port where\n-0002b6a0: 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 the UART is to \n-0002b6b0: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 6620 be found or, if \n-0002b6c0: 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 prefixed. wi\n-0002b6d0: 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 th ...mmio,..., \n-0002b6e0: 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 the MMIO address\n-0002b6f0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 4966 of the UART. If\n-0002b700: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 specified it ta\n-0002b710: 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 6465 kes. precede\n-0002b720: 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a nce over UNIT...\n-0002b730: 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c Additionall\n-0002b740: 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 y, an MMIO addre\n-0002b750: 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 ss can be suffix\n-0002b760: 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ed with:. \n-0002b770: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 666f ... ....b... fo\n-0002b780: 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 2028 r bytes access (\n-0002b790: 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 2020 default). \n-0002b7a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 666f ... ....w... fo\n-0002b7b0: 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 6163 r 16-bit word ac\n-0002b7c0: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 cess. ...\n-0002b7d0: 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 3332 ....l... for 32\n-0002b7e0: 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 -bit long word a\n-0002b7f0: 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ccess or. \n-0002b800: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 666f ... ....q... fo\n-0002b810: 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f r 64-bit long lo\n-0002b820: 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a0a ng word access..\n-0002b830: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 Also, PORT \n-0002b840: 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f can be of the fo\n-0002b850: 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 582e rm ...pci,XX:XX.\n-0002b860: 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 X... to indicate\n-0002b870: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 a serial. d\n-0002b880: 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 6f6e evice exposed on\n-0002b890: 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 the PCI bus... \n-0002b8a0: 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 6865 SPEED is the\n-0002b8b0: 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 7370 transmission sp\n-0002b8c0: 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 eed; default is \n-0002b8d0: 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e 6420 9600. WORD and \n-0002b8e0: 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7468 STOP. are th\n-0002b8f0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 7461 e number of data\n-0002b900: 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 bits and stop b\n-0002b910: 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 7320 its. Data bits \n-0002b920: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 must be in. \n-0002b930: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 616e the range 5-8 an\n-0002b940: 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 d stop bits must\n-0002b950: 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 6566 be 1 or 2. Def\n-0002b960: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 2062 ault is 8 data b\n-0002b970: 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 its. and one\n-0002b980: 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 5249 stop bit. PARI\n-0002b990: 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 TY is one of ...\n-0002b9a0: 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 no..., ...odd...\n-0002b9b0: 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 , ...even... and\n-0002b9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 . defaults t\n-0002b9d0: 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 o ...no...... \n-0002b9e0: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 The serial por\n-0002b9f0: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 t is not used as\n-0002ba00: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e a communication\n-0002ba10: 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 channel unless \n-0002ba20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d the. ...term\n-0002ba30: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 inal_input... or\n-0002ba40: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ...terminal_out\n-0002ba50: 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 put... command i\n-0002ba60: 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 s used (*note. \n-0002ba70: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 terminal_inpu\n-0002ba80: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 t::, *note termi\n-0002ba90: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a nal_output::)...\n-0002baa0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 Note, valid\n-0002bab0: 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 PORT values, ex\n-0002bac0: 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 cluding IO port \n-0002bad0: 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 addresses, can b\n-0002bae0: 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 e found. by \n-0002baf0: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c listing terminal\n-0002bb00: 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e s with ...termin\n-0002bb10: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 al_output..., se\n-0002bb20: 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 lecting all name\n-0002bb30: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 s. prefixed \n-0002bb40: 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 by ...serial_...\n-0002bb50: 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 and removing th\n-0002bb60: 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 at prefix... \n-0002bb70: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 Examples:. \n-0002bb80: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f serial --po\n-0002bb90: 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 rt=0x3f8 --speed\n-0002bba0: 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =9600. \n-0002bbb0: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d serial --port=mm\n-0002bbc0: 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d io,fefb0000.l --\n-0002bbd0: 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 speed=115200. \n-0002bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d serial --\n-0002bbf0: 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 port=pci,00:16.3\n-0002bc00: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a --speed=115200.\n-0002bc10: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a . See also *\n-0002bc20: 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d note Serial term\n-0002bc30: 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a inal::.....File:\n-0002bc40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002bc50: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 e: terminal_inpu\n-0002bc60: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e t, Next: termin\n-0002bc70: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 al_output, Prev\n-0002bc80: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 : serial, Up: G\n-0002bc90: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002bca0: 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c .17.3.2 terminal\n-0002bcb0: 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _input.---------\n-0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002bcd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 - Command: termi\n-0002bce0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 nal_input [--app\n-0002bcf0: 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 end|--remove] [t\n-0002bd00: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 erminal1] [termi\n-0002bd10: 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal2]. \n-0002bd20: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 .... List or\n-0002bd30: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 select an input\n-0002bd40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminal... \n-0002bd50: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n-0002bd60: 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 ts, list the act\n-0002bd70: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c ive and availabl\n-0002bd80: 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c e input terminal\n-0002bd90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 s... With ..\n-0002bda0: 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 .--append..., ad\n-0002bdb0: 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d d the named term\n-0002bdc0: 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 inals to the lis\n-0002bdd0: 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 t of active. \n-0002bde0: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 input terminals\n-0002bdf0: 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d ; any of these m\n-0002be00: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 ay be used to pr\n-0002be10: 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 ovide input to G\n-0002be20: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 RUB... With \n-0002be30: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 ...--remove..., \n-0002be40: 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 remove the named\n-0002be50: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 terminals from \n-0002be60: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e the active list.\n-0002be70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f .. With no o\n-0002be80: 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 ptions but a lis\n-0002be90: 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 t of terminal na\n-0002bea0: 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, make only t\n-0002beb0: 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 he listed. t\n-0002bec0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 erminal names ac\n-0002bed0: 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tive.....File: g\n-0002bee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002bef0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002bf00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 , Next: terminf\n-0002bf10: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Prev: termin\n-0002bf20: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 al_input, Up: G\n-0002bf30: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002bf40: 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c .17.3.3 terminal\n-0002bf50: 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _output.--------\n-0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002bf70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n-0002bf80: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d minal_output [--\n-0002bf90: 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d append|--remove]\n-0002bfa0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 [terminal1] [te\n-0002bfb0: 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rminal2]. \n-0002bfc0: 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 .... List\n-0002bfd0: 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 or select an ou\n-0002bfe0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a tput terminal...\n-0002bff0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n-0002c000: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 uments, list the\n-0002c010: 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 active and avai\n-0002c020: 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 lable output ter\n-0002c030: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 minals... Wi\n-0002c040: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 th ...--append..\n-0002c050: 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 ., add the named\n-0002c060: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 terminals to th\n-0002c070: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 e list of active\n-0002c080: 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 . output ter\n-0002c090: 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 minals; all of t\n-0002c0a0: 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 hese will receiv\n-0002c0b0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 e output from GR\n-0002c0c0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 UB... With .\n-0002c0d0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 ..--remove..., r\n-0002c0e0: 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 emove the named \n-0002c0f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 terminals from t\n-0002c100: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a he active list..\n-0002c110: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 . With no op\n-0002c120: 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 tions but a list\n-0002c130: 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d of terminal nam\n-0002c140: 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 es, make only th\n-0002c150: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 e listed. te\n-0002c160: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 rminal names act\n-0002c170: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-0002c180: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002c190: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminfo, Prev:\n-0002c1a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002c1b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002c1c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 ommands..17.3.4 \n-0002c1d0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d terminfo.-------\n-0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002c1f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 mmand: terminfo \n-0002c200: 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 [-a|-u|-v] [-g W\n-0002c210: 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 xH] [term] [type\n-0002c220: 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 ]. Define th\n-0002c230: 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f e capabilities o\n-0002c240: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 f your terminal \n-0002c250: 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 by giving the na\n-0002c260: 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e me of an. en\n-0002c270: 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 try in the termi\n-0002c280: 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 nfo database, wh\n-0002c290: 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 ich should corre\n-0002c2a0: 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f spond roughly to\n-0002c2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 . a ...TERM.\n-0002c2c0: 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 .. environment v\n-0002c2d0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e ariable in Unix.\n-0002c2e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 .. The curre\n-0002c2f0: 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 ntly available t\n-0002c300: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 erminal types ar\n-0002c310: 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 e ...vt100..., .\n-0002c320: 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 ..vt100-color...\n-0002c330: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 ,. ...ieee12\n-0002c340: 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 75..., and ...du\n-0002c350: 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e mb.... If you n\n-0002c360: 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e eed other termin\n-0002c370: 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 al types, please\n-0002c380: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 . contact us\n-0002c390: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 to discuss the \n-0002c3a0: 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c best way to incl\n-0002c3b0: 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 ude support for \n-0002c3c0: 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 these in. GR\n-0002c3d0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 UB... The ..\n-0002c3e0: 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 .-a... (...--asc\n-0002c3f0: 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 ii...), ...-u...\n-0002c400: 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c (...--utf8...),\n-0002c410: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 and ...-v... (.\n-0002c420: 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 ..--visual-utf8.\n-0002c430: 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ..). options\n-0002c440: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e control how non\n-0002c450: 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 -ASCII text is d\n-0002c460: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 isplayed. ...-a\n-0002c470: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e ... specifies an\n-0002c480: 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 . ASCII-only\n-0002c490: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 terminal; ...-u\n-0002c4a0: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f ... specifies lo\n-0002c4b0: 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 gically-ordered \n-0002c4c0: 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 UTF-8; and. \n-0002c4d0: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-v... specifi\n-0002c4e0: 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 es \"visually-ord\n-0002c4f0: 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 ered UTF-8\" (in \n-0002c500: 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 other words, arr\n-0002c510: 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 anged. such \n-0002c520: 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 that a terminal \n-0002c530: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 emulator without\n-0002c540: 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 bidirectional t\n-0002c550: 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 ext support. \n-0002c560: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 will display ri\n-0002c570: 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 ght-to-left text\n-0002c580: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f in the proper o\n-0002c590: 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f rder; this is no\n-0002c5a0: 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 t. really pr\n-0002c5b0: 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 oper UTF-8, but \n-0002c5c0: 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a a workaround)...\n-0002c5d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 The ...-g..\n-0002c5e0: 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 . (...--geometry\n-0002c5f0: e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ...) can be used\n-0002c600: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d to specify term\n-0002c610: 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a inal geometry...\n-0002c620: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f If no optio\n-0002c630: 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 n or terminal ty\n-0002c640: 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c pe is specified,\n-0002c650: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 the current ter\n-0002c660: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 minal. type \n-0002c670: 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is printed.....F\n-0002c680: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002c690: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Node: Command-l\n-0002c6a0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e ine commands, N\n-0002c6b0: 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 ext: Networking \n-0002c6c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a commands, Prev:\n-0002c6d0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002c6e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n-0002c6f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ..17.4 Command-l\n-0002c700: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ine commands.===\n+0002b3c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 =====..Commands \n+0002b3d0: 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 usable anywhere \n+0002b3e0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 in the menu and \n+0002b3f0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c in the command-l\n+0002b400: 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ine...* Menu:..*\n+0002b410: 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 serial:: \n+0002b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002b430: 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 et up a serial d\n+0002b440: 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c evice.* terminal\n+0002b450: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input:: \n+0002b460: 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 Manage inp\n+0002b470: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 ut terminals.* t\n+0002b480: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n+0002b490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e Man\n+0002b4a0: 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 age output termi\n+0002b4b0: 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a nals.* terminfo:\n+0002b4c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d Define term\n+0002b4e0: 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c inal type....Fil\n+0002b4f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b500: 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 ode: serial, Ne\n+0002b510: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 xt: terminal_inp\n+0002b520: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002b530: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002b540: 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 serial.-------\n+0002b550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b560: 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 and: serial [--u\n+0002b570: 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 nit=unit] [--por\n+0002b580: 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 t=port] [--speed\n+0002b590: 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 =speed]. \n+0002b5a0: 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 [--word=word] \n+0002b5b0: 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 [--parity=parity\n+0002b5c0: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a ] [--stop=stop].\n+0002b5d0: 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 Initialize \n+0002b5e0: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e a serial device.\n+0002b5f0: 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 UNIT is a numb\n+0002b600: 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 er in the range \n+0002b610: 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 0-3. specify\n+0002b620: 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c ing which serial\n+0002b630: 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 port to use; de\n+0002b640: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 fault is 0, whic\n+0002b650: 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e h. correspon\n+0002b660: 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f ds to the port o\n+0002b670: 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 ften called COM1\n+0002b680: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 ... PORT is \n+0002b690: 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 the I/O port whe\n+0002b6a0: 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 re the UART is t\n+0002b6b0: 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 o be found or, i\n+0002b6c0: 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 f prefixed. \n+0002b6d0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 with ...mmio,...\n+0002b6e0: 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 , the MMIO addre\n+0002b6f0: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 ss of the UART. \n+0002b700: 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 If specified it \n+0002b710: 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 takes. prece\n+0002b720: 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e dence over UNIT.\n+0002b730: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 .. Additiona\n+0002b740: 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 lly, an MMIO add\n+0002b750: 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 ress can be suff\n+0002b760: 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 ixed with:. \n+0002b770: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 ... ....b... \n+0002b780: 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 for bytes access\n+0002b790: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 (default). \n+0002b7a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 ... ....w... \n+0002b7b0: 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 for 16-bit word \n+0002b7c0: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 access. .\n+0002b7d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....l... for \n+0002b7e0: 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 32-bit long word\n+0002b7f0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 access or. \n+0002b800: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 ... ....q... \n+0002b810: 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 for 64-bit long \n+0002b820: 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 long word access\n+0002b830: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 .. Also, POR\n+0002b840: 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 T can be of the \n+0002b850: 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 form ...pci,XX:X\n+0002b860: 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 X.X... to indica\n+0002b870: 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 te a serial. \n+0002b880: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 device exposed \n+0002b890: 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a on the PCI bus..\n+0002b8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 . SPEED is t\n+0002b8b0: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 he transmission \n+0002b8c0: 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 speed; default i\n+0002b8d0: 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e s 9600. WORD an\n+0002b8e0: 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 d STOP. are \n+0002b8f0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 the number of da\n+0002b900: 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 ta bits and stop\n+0002b910: 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 bits. Data bit\n+0002b920: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 s must be in. \n+0002b930: 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 the range 5-8 \n+0002b940: 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 and stop bits mu\n+0002b950: 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 st be 1 or 2. D\n+0002b960: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 efault is 8 data\n+0002b970: 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f bits. and o\n+0002b980: 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 ne stop bit. PA\n+0002b990: 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 RITY is one of .\n+0002b9a0: 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 ..no..., ...odd.\n+0002b9b0: 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 .., ...even... a\n+0002b9c0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 nd. defaults\n+0002b9d0: 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 to ...no...... \n+0002b9e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 The serial p\n+0002b9f0: 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 ort is not used \n+0002ba00: 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 as a communicati\n+0002ba10: 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 on channel unles\n+0002ba20: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 s the. ...te\n+0002ba30: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 rminal_input... \n+0002ba40: 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f or ...terminal_o\n+0002ba50: 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 utput... command\n+0002ba60: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a is used (*note.\n+0002ba70: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e terminal_in\n+0002ba80: 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 put::, *note ter\n+0002ba90: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e minal_output::).\n+0002baa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c .. Note, val\n+0002bab0: 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 id PORT values, \n+0002bac0: 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 excluding IO por\n+0002bad0: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e t addresses, can\n+0002bae0: 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 be found. b\n+0002baf0: 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e y listing termin\n+0002bb00: 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d als with ...term\n+0002bb10: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 inal_output..., \n+0002bb20: 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 selecting all na\n+0002bb30: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 mes. prefixe\n+0002bb40: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 d by ...serial_.\n+0002bb50: 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 .. and removing \n+0002bb60: 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 that prefix... \n+0002bb70: 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 Examples:. \n+0002bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d serial --\n+0002bb90: 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 port=0x3f8 --spe\n+0002bba0: 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed=9600. \n+0002bbb0: 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d serial --port=\n+0002bbc0: 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 mmio,fefb0000.l \n+0002bbd0: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 --speed=115200. \n+0002bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 serial \n+0002bbf0: 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 --port=pci,00:16\n+0002bc00: 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 .3 --speed=11520\n+0002bc10: 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 0.. See also\n+0002bc20: 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 *note Serial te\n+0002bc30: 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c rminal::.....Fil\n+0002bc40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002bc50: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e ode: terminal_in\n+0002bc60: 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d put, Next: term\n+0002bc70: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 inal_output, Pr\n+0002bc80: 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a ev: serial, Up:\n+0002bc90: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002bca0: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.2 termin\n+0002bcb0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_input.-------\n+0002bcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002bcd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n+0002bce0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 minal_input [--a\n+0002bcf0: 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 ppend|--remove] \n+0002bd00: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 [terminal1] [ter\n+0002bd10: 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal2]. \n+0002bd20: 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 .... List \n+0002bd30: 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 or select an inp\n+0002bd40: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 ut terminal... \n+0002bd50: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n+0002bd60: 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 ents, list the a\n+0002bd70: 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 ctive and availa\n+0002bd80: 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e ble input termin\n+0002bd90: 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 als... With \n+0002bda0: e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 ...--append..., \n+0002bdb0: 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 add the named te\n+0002bdc0: 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c rminals to the l\n+0002bdd0: 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 ist of active. \n+0002bde0: 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 input termina\n+0002bdf0: 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 ls; any of these\n+0002be00: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+0002be10: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f provide input to\n+0002be20: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 GRUB... Wit\n+0002be30: 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 h ...--remove...\n+0002be40: 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d , remove the nam\n+0002be50: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f ed terminals fro\n+0002be60: 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 m the active lis\n+0002be70: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f t... With no\n+0002be80: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c options but a l\n+0002be90: 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ist of terminal \n+0002bea0: 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 names, make only\n+0002beb0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 the listed. \n+0002bec0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 terminal names \n+0002bed0: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n+0002bee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002bef0: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 e: terminal_outp\n+0002bf00: 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 ut, Next: termi\n+0002bf10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Prev: term\n+0002bf20: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a inal_input, Up:\n+0002bf30: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002bf40: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.3 termin\n+0002bf50: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_output.------\n+0002bf60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002bf70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+0002bf80: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b erminal_output [\n+0002bf90: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 --append|--remov\n+0002bfa0: 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b e] [terminal1] [\n+0002bfb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 terminal2]. \n+0002bfc0: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 .... Li\n+0002bfd0: 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 st or select an \n+0002bfe0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e output terminal.\n+0002bff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n+0002c000: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 rguments, list t\n+0002c010: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 he active and av\n+0002c020: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 ailable output t\n+0002c030: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 erminals... \n+0002c040: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 With ...--append\n+0002c050: e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d ..., add the nam\n+0002c060: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 ed terminals to \n+0002c070: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 the list of acti\n+0002c080: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 ve. output t\n+0002c090: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 erminals; all of\n+0002c0a0: 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 these will rece\n+0002c0b0: 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 ive output from \n+0002c0c0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 GRUB... With\n+0002c0d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c ...--remove...,\n+0002c0e0: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 remove the name\n+0002c0f0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d d terminals from\n+0002c100: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 the active list\n+0002c110: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n+0002c120: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 options but a li\n+0002c130: 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e st of terminal n\n+0002c140: 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 ames, make only \n+0002c150: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 the listed. \n+0002c160: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 terminal names a\n+0002c170: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n+0002c180: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002c190: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 : terminfo, Pre\n+0002c1a0: 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 v: terminal_outp\n+0002c1b0: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002c1c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002c1d0: 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 terminfo.-----\n+0002c1e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002c1f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 Command: terminf\n+0002c200: 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 o [-a|-u|-v] [-g\n+0002c210: 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 WxH] [term] [ty\n+0002c220: 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 pe]. Define \n+0002c230: 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 the capabilities\n+0002c240: 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 of your termina\n+0002c250: 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 l by giving the \n+0002c260: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 name of an. \n+0002c270: 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 entry in the ter\n+0002c280: 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 minfo database, \n+0002c290: 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 which should cor\n+0002c2a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 respond roughly \n+0002c2b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 to. a ...TER\n+0002c2c0: 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 M... environment\n+0002c2d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 variable in Uni\n+0002c2e0: 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 x... The cur\n+0002c2f0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 rently available\n+0002c300: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 terminal types \n+0002c310: 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c are ...vt100...,\n+0002c320: 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 ...vt100-color.\n+0002c330: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 ..,. ...ieee\n+0002c340: 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 1275..., and ...\n+0002c350: 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 dumb.... If you\n+0002c360: 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d need other term\n+0002c370: 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 inal types, plea\n+0002c380: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 se. contact \n+0002c390: 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 us to discuss th\n+0002c3a0: 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e e best way to in\n+0002c3b0: 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f clude support fo\n+0002c3c0: 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 r these in. \n+0002c3d0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 GRUB... The \n+0002c3e0: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 ...-a... (...--a\n+0002c3f0: 7363 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 scii...), ...-u.\n+0002c400: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 .. (...--utf8...\n+0002c410: 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 ), and ...-v... \n+0002c420: 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 (...--visual-utf\n+0002c430: 38e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 8...). optio\n+0002c440: 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e ns control how n\n+0002c450: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 on-ASCII text is\n+0002c460: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 displayed. ...\n+0002c470: 2d61 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -a... specifies \n+0002c480: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e an. ASCII-on\n+0002c490: 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 ly terminal; ...\n+0002c4a0: 2d75 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -u... specifies \n+0002c4b0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 logically-ordere\n+0002c4c0: 6420 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 d UTF-8; and. \n+0002c4d0: 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 ...-v... speci\n+0002c4e0: 6669 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f fies \"visually-o\n+0002c4f0: 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 rdered UTF-8\" (i\n+0002c500: 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 n other words, a\n+0002c510: 7272 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 rranged. suc\n+0002c520: 6820 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 h that a termina\n+0002c530: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f l emulator witho\n+0002c540: 7574 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c ut bidirectional\n+0002c550: 2074 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 text support. \n+0002c560: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 will display \n+0002c570: 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 right-to-left te\n+0002c580: 7874 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 xt in the proper\n+0002c590: 206f 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 order; this is \n+0002c5a0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 not. really \n+0002c5b0: 7072 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 proper UTF-8, bu\n+0002c5c0: 7420 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e t a workaround).\n+0002c5d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 .. The ...-g\n+0002c5e0: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 ... (...--geomet\n+0002c5f0: 7279 e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ry...) can be us\n+0002c600: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 ed to specify te\n+0002c610: 726d 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e rminal geometry.\n+0002c620: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 .. If no opt\n+0002c630: 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ion or terminal \n+0002c640: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 type is specifie\n+0002c650: 642c 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 d, the current t\n+0002c660: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 erminal. typ\n+0002c670: 6520 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f e is printed....\n+0002c680: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002c690: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n+0002c6a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 -line commands, \n+0002c6b0: 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Next: Networkin\n+0002c6c0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 g commands, Pre\n+0002c6d0: 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 v: General comma\n+0002c6e0: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n+0002c6f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.4 Command\n+0002c700: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d -line commands.=\n 0002c710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 =======..These c\n-0002c730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 ommands are usab\n-0002c740: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e le in the comman\n-0002c750: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 d-line and in me\n-0002c760: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a nu entries. If.\n-0002c770: 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d you forget a com\n-0002c780: 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 mand, you can ru\n-0002c790: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0002c7a0: 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .help... (*note \n-0002c7b0: 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 help::)...* Menu\n-0002c7c0: 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 :..* [:: \n+0002c720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 =========..These\n+0002c730: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 commands are us\n+0002c740: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d able in the comm\n+0002c750: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 and-line and in \n+0002c760: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 menu entries. I\n+0002c770: 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 f.you forget a c\n+0002c780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ommand, you can \n+0002c790: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0002c7a0: e280 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...help... (*not\n+0002c7b0: 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e help::)...* Me\n+0002c7c0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nu:..* [:: \n 0002c7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c7e0: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 Check file ty\n-0002c7f0: 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 pes and compare \n-0002c800: 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 values.* acpi:: \n-0002c810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c820: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 Load ACPI\n-0002c830: 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e tables.* authen\n-0002c840: 7469 6361 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ticate:: \n-0002c850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 Check wh\n-0002c860: 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e ether user is in\n-0002c870: 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6163 user list.* bac\n-0002c880: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 723a 3a20 kground_color:: \n-0002c890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 Set b\n-0002c8a0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 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\n+0002d030: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod:: \n+0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n+0002d050: 7365 7274 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 sert a module.* \n+0002d060: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 3a20 2020 2020 keystatus:: \n+0002d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n+0002d080: 6563 6b20 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 eck key modifier\n+0002d090: 2073 7461 7475 730a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f65 status.* list_e\n+0002d0a0: 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2076 6172 List var\n+0002d0c0: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 656e 7669 726f iables in enviro\n+0002d0d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c69 nment block.* li\n+0002d0e0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 st_trusted:: \n+0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0002d100: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n+0002d110: 6b65 7973 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a keys.* load_env:\n+0002d120: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 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204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 List load\n+0002d230: 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 ed fonts.* lsmod\n+0002d240: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f Show lo\n+0002d260: 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d aded modules.* m\n+0002d270: 6435 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d5sum:: \n+0002d280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d290: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 pute or check MD\n+0002d2a0: 3520 6861 7368 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 5 hash.* module:\n+0002d2b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 Load modu\n+0002d2d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 le for multiboot\n+0002d2e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 kernel.* multib\n+0002d2f0: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n+0002d300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 756c Load mul\n+0002d310: 7469 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot compliant\n+0002d320: 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sword:: \n-0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 Set a\n-0002d430: 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 clear-text pass\n-0002d440: 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f word.* password_\n-0002d450: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2:: \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 Set a hashe\n-0002d470: 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 d password.* pla\n-0002d480: 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 inmount:: \n-0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 Open \n-0002d4a0: 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 device encrypted\n-0002d4b0: 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a in plain mode.*\n-0002d4c0: 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 play:: \n-0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-0002d4e0: 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f lay a tune.* pro\n-0002d4f0: 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be:: \n-0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 Retri\n-0002d510: 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a eve device info.\n-0002d520: 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * rdmsr:: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d Enter norm\n+0002d390: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c al mode.* normal\n+0002d3a0: 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _exit:: \n+0002d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f Exit fro\n+0002d3c0: 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 m normal mode.* \n+0002d3d0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 parttool:: \n+0002d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f Mo\n+0002d3f0: 6469 6679 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 dify partition t\n+0002d400: 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 able entries.* p\n+0002d410: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 assword:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+0002d430: 2061 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 a clear-text pa\n+0002d440: 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ssword.* passwor\n+0002d450: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 d_pbkdf2:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 Set a has\n+0002d470: 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 hed password.* p\n+0002d480: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 lainmount:: \n+0002d490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 Ope\n+0002d4a0: 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 n device encrypt\n+0002d4b0: 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 ed in plain mode\n+0002d4c0: 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* play:: \n+0002d4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4e0: 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 Play a tune.* p\n+0002d4f0: 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 robe:: \n+0002d500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 Ret\n+0002d510: 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 rieve device inf\n+0002d520: 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 o.* rdmsr:: \n 0002d530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d540: 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d Read values from\n-0002d550: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n-0002d560: 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 registers.* read\n-0002d570: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 Read u\n-0002d590: 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f ser input.* rebo\n-0002d5a0: 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot:: \n-0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 Reboot\n-0002d5c0: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a your computer.*\n-0002d5d0: 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 regexp:: \n-0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-0002d5f0: 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 est if regular e\n-0002d600: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 xpression matche\n-0002d610: 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 s string.* rmmod\n-0002d620: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n-0002d640: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f a module.* save_\n-0002d650: 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env:: \n-0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 Save va\n-0002d670: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 riables to envir\n-0002d680: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 onment block.* s\n-0002d690: 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 earch:: \n-0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 Sea\n-0002d6b0: 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 rch devices by f\n-0002d6c0: 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 ile, label, or U\n-0002d6d0: 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 UID.* sendkey:: \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6f0: 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 Emulate keys\n-0002d700: 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 trokes.* set:: \n+0002d540: 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 Read values fr\n+0002d550: 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 om model-specifi\n+0002d560: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 c registers.* re\n+0002d570: 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad:: \n+0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n+0002d590: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 user input.* re\n+0002d5a0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot:: \n+0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f Rebo\n+0002d5c0: 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ot your computer\n+0002d5d0: 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 .* regexp:: \n+0002d5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d5f0: 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 Test if regular\n+0002d600: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 expression matc\n+0002d610: 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d hes string.* rmm\n+0002d620: 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+0002d640: 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 e a module.* sav\n+0002d650: 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_env:: \n+0002d660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 Save \n+0002d670: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 variables to env\n+0002d680: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a ironment block.*\n+0002d690: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 search:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002d6b0: 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 earch devices by\n+0002d6c0: 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 file, label, or\n+0002d6d0: 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a UUID.* sendkey:\n+0002d6e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 Emulate ke\n+0002d700: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a ystrokes.* set::\n 0002d710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e Set an en\n-0002d730: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002d740: 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 le.* sha1sum:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 Set an \n+0002d730: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002d740: 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a able.* sha1sum::\n 0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d760: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-0002d770: 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 eck SHA1 hash.* \n-0002d780: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 sha256sum:: \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n-0002d7a0: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n-0002d7b0: 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 HA256 hash.* sha\n-0002d7c0: 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 Compu\n-0002d7e0: 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 te or check SHA5\n-0002d7f0: 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 12 hash.* sleep:\n-0002d800: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 Wait for\n-0002d820: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d a specified num\n-0002d830: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a ber of seconds.*\n-0002d840: 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 smbios:: \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0002d860: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n-0002d870: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 nformation.* sou\n-0002d880: 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rce:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 Read \n-0002d8a0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-0002d8b0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e file in same con\n-0002d8c0: 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 text.* test:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+0002d770: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a check SHA1 hash.\n+0002d780: 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 * sha256sum:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d7a0: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n+0002d7b0: 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 SHA256 hash.* s\n+0002d7c0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d7e0: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n+0002d7f0: 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 A512 hash.* slee\n+0002d800: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0002d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 Wait f\n+0002d820: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e or a specified n\n+0002d830: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 umber of seconds\n+0002d840: 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 .* smbios:: \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d860: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 Retrieve SMBIOS\n+0002d870: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 information.* s\n+0002d880: 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ource:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 Rea\n+0002d8a0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n+0002d8b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 n file in same c\n+0002d8c0: 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 ontext.* test:: \n 0002d8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 Check file \n-0002d8f0: 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 types and compar\n-0002d900: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a e values.* true:\n-0002d910: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 Do noth\n-0002d930: 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ing, successfull\n-0002d940: 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 y.* trust:: \n+0002d8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c Check fil\n+0002d8f0: 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 e types and comp\n+0002d900: 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 are values.* tru\n+0002d910: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0002d920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f Do no\n+0002d930: 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 thing, successfu\n+0002d940: 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 lly.* trust:: \n 0002d950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d960: 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 Add public key\n-0002d970: 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 to list of trus\n-0002d980: 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 ted keys.* unset\n-0002d990: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 Unset a\n-0002d9b0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0002d9c0: 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f riable.* verify_\n-0002d9d0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 detached:: \n-0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 Verify de\n-0002d9f0: 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 tached digital s\n-0002da00: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f ignature.* video\n-0002da10: 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info:: \n-0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 List av\n-0002da30: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n-0002da40: 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 des.* wrmsr:: \n+0002d960: 2020 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Add public k\n+0002d970: 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 ey to list of tr\n+0002d980: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 usted keys.* uns\n+0002d990: 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et:: \n+0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 Unset\n+0002d9b0: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+0002d9c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 variable.* verif\n+0002d9d0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 y_detached:: \n+0002d9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 Verify \n+0002d9f0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c detached digital\n+0002da00: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 signature.* vid\n+0002da10: 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 eoinfo:: \n+0002da20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0002da30: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n+0002da40: 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 modes.* wrmsr:: \n 0002da50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da60: 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 Write values\n-0002da70: 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 to model-specif\n-0002da80: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a ic registers....\n-0002da90: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002daa0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: [, Next\n-0002dab0: 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : acpi, Up: Com\n-0002dac0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002dad0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d ds..17.4.1 [.---\n-0002dae0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002daf0: 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e nd: [ expression\n-0002db00: 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ]. Alias fo\n-0002db10: 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 r ...test EXPRES\n-0002db20: 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 SION... (*note t\n-0002db30: 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a est::).....File:\n-0002db40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002db50: 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: acpi, Next: \n-0002db60: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 authenticate, P\n-0002db70: 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rev: [, Up: Com\n-0002db80: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002db90: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a ds..17.4.2 acpi.\n-0002dba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002dbb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b Command: acpi [\n-0002dbc0: 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 -1|-2] [--exclud\n-0002dbd0: 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c e=table1,...|--l\n-0002dbe0: 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c oad-only=table1,\n-0002dbf0: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ...]. [\n-0002dc00: 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f --oemid=id] [--o\n-0002dc10: 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b emtable=table] [\n-0002dc20: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 --oemtablerev=re\n-0002dc30: 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d v]. [--\n-0002dc40: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d oemtablecreator=\n-0002dc50: 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 creator] [--oemt\n-0002dc60: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 ablecreatorrev=r\n-0002dc70: 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ev]. [-\n-0002dc80: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 -no-ebda] filena\n-0002dc90: 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 me .... Mode\n-0002dca0: 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 rn BIOS systems \n-0002dcb0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 normally impleme\n-0002dcc0: 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 nt the Advanced \n-0002dcd0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 Configuration. \n-0002dce0: 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 and Power Int\n-0002dcf0: 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 erface (ACPI), a\n-0002dd00: 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 nd define variou\n-0002dd10: 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 s tables that de\n-0002dd20: 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 scribe. the \n-0002dd30: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 interface betwee\n-0002dd40: 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 n an ACPI-compli\n-0002dd50: 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ant operating sy\n-0002dd60: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 stem and the. \n-0002dd70: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 firmware. In \n-0002dd80: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 some cases, the \n-0002dd90: 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 tables provided \n-0002dda0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 by default only \n-0002ddb0: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 work. well w\n-0002ddc0: 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ith certain oper\n-0002ddd0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n-0002dde0: 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 nd it may be nec\n-0002ddf0: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 essary to. r\n-0002de00: 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 eplace some of t\n-0002de10: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 hem... Norma\n-0002de20: 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e lly, this comman\n-0002de30: 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 d will replace t\n-0002de40: 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 he Root System D\n-0002de50: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 escription. \n-0002de60: 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 Pointer (RSDP) i\n-0002de70: 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 n the Extended B\n-0002de80: 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f IOS Data Area to\n-0002de90: 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 point to the ne\n-0002dea0: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 w. tables. \n-0002deb0: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 If the ...--no-e\n-0002dec0: 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 bda... option is\n-0002ded0: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 used, the new t\n-0002dee0: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 ables will be. \n-0002def0: 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f known only to\n-0002df00: 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 GRUB, but may b\n-0002df10: 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 e used by GRUB's\n-0002df20: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a EFI emulation..\n-0002df30: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n-0002df40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n-0002df50: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n-0002df60: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n-0002df70: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n-0002df80: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 kdown::). Other\n-0002df90: 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 wise an attacker\n-0002dfa0: 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 can instruct th\n-0002dfb0: 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 e GRUB to load. \n-0002dfc0: 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c an SSDT tabl\n-0002dfd0: 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 e to overwrite t\n-0002dfe0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f he kernel lockdo\n-0002dff0: 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e wn configuration\n-0002e000: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 and. later \n-0002e010: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 load and execute\n-0002e020: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a unsigned code..\n-0002e030: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002e040: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 fo, Node: authe\n-0002e050: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 nticate, Next: \n-0002e060: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e070: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 , Prev: acpi, \n-0002e080: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e090: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e0a0: 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 3 authenticate.-\n-0002e0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e0c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002e0d0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 authenticate [u\n-0002e0e0: 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 serlist]. Ch\n-0002e0f0: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 eck whether user\n-0002e100: 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 is in USERLIST \n-0002e110: 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 or listed in the\n-0002e120: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 value of. v\n-0002e130: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 ariable ...super\n-0002e140: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a users.... See *\n-0002e150: 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a note superusers:\n-0002e160: 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 : for valid user\n-0002e170: 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 list. forma\n-0002e180: 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 t. If ...superu\n-0002e190: 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 sers... is empty\n-0002e1a0: 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 , this command r\n-0002e1b0: 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 eturns true.. \n-0002e1c0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 *Note Security\n-0002e1d0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0002e1e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002e1f0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c ackground_color,\n-0002e200: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Next: backgrou\n-0002e210: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a nd_image, Prev:\n-0002e220: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n-0002e230: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e240: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e250: 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 4 background_col\n-0002e260: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n-0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e280: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f Command: backgro\n-0002e290: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a und_color color.\n-0002e2a0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f Set backgro\n-0002e2b0: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 und color for ac\n-0002e2c0: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 tive terminal. \n-0002e2d0: 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a For valid color.\n-0002e2e0: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 specificati\n-0002e2f0: 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f ons see *note Co\n-0002e300: 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 lors: Theme file\n-0002e310: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 format. Backgr\n-0002e320: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 ound. color \n-0002e330: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f can be changed o\n-0002e340: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nly when using .\n-0002e350: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 ..gfxterm... for\n-0002e360: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n-0002e370: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0002e380: 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 mand sets color \n-0002e390: 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 of empty areas w\n-0002e3a0: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 ithout text. Te\n-0002e3b0: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 xt. backgrou\n-0002e3c0: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 nd color is cont\n-0002e3d0: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f rolled by enviro\n-0002e3e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-0002e3f0: 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 COLOR_NORMA\n-0002e400: 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 L, COLOR_HIGHLIG\n-0002e410: 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e HT, MENU_COLOR_N\n-0002e420: 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 ORMAL,. MENU\n-0002e430: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 _COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n-0002e440: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c . *Note Special\n-0002e450: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002e460: 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iables::.....Fil\n-0002e470: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e480: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n-0002e490: 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 image, Next: ba\n-0002e4a0: 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 dram, Prev: bac\n-0002e4b0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 kground_color, \n-0002e4c0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002e4d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002e4e0: 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 5 background_ima\n-0002e4f0: 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ge.-------------\n-0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e510: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f Command: backgro\n-0002e520: 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f und_image [[--mo\n-0002e530: 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 de stretch|norma\n-0002e540: 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f l] file]. Lo\n-0002e550: 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d ad background im\n-0002e560: 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 age for active t\n-0002e570: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c erminal from FIL\n-0002e580: 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 E. Image is. \n-0002e590: 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 stretched to f\n-0002e5a0: 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 ill up entire sc\n-0002e5b0: 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 reen unless opti\n-0002e5c0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 on ...--mode... \n-0002e5d0: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...normal.... \n-0002e5e0: 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 is given. Wit\n-0002e5f0: 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 hout arguments r\n-0002e600: 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 emove currently \n-0002e610: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e loaded backgroun\n-0002e620: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 d. image. B\n-0002e630: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n-0002e640: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f can be changed o\n-0002e650: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nly when using .\n-0002e660: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..gfxterm.... \n-0002e670: 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f for terminal o\n-0002e680: 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 utput.....File: \n-0002e690: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002e6a0: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a : badram, Next:\n-0002e6b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 blocklist, Pre\n-0002e6c0: 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d v: background_im\n-0002e6d0: 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e age, Up: Comman\n-0002e6e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002e6f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d .17.4.6 badram.-\n-0002e700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002e710: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 - Command: badra\n-0002e720: 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 m addr,mask[,add\n-0002e730: 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 r,mask...]. \n-0002e740: 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 Filter out bad R\n-0002e750: 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 AM... This c\n-0002e760: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n-0002e770: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n-0002e780: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n-0002e790: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n-0002e7a0: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n-0002e7b0: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 e filtered out (\n-0002e7c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 usually, because\n-0002e7d0: 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 they're damaged\n-0002e7e0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d ).. This rem\n-0002e7f0: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n-0002e800: 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b fter a payload k\n-0002e810: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n-0002e820: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 oaded by. GR\n-0002e830: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n-0002e840: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c he loaded kernel\n-0002e850: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n-0002e860: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ory map from. \n-0002e870: 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 GRUB. Kernels\n-0002e880: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 that support th\n-0002e890: 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 is include Linux\n-0002e8a0: 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a , GNU Mach, the.\n-0002e8b0: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 kernel of F\n-0002e8c0: 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 reeBSD and Multi\n-0002e8d0: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 boot kernels in \n-0002e8e0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 general... S\n-0002e8f0: 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d yntax is the sam\n-0002e900: 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 e as provided by\n-0002e910: 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 the Memtest86+ \n-0002e920: 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 utility. (ht\n-0002e930: 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 tp://www.memtest\n-0002e940: 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f .org/): a list o\n-0002e950: 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 f address/mask p\n-0002e960: 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 airs. Given a. \n-0002e970: 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 page-aligned\n-0002e980: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 address and a b\n-0002e990: 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 ase address / ma\n-0002e9a0: 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 sk pair, if all \n-0002e9b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 the. bits of\n-0002e9c0: 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 the page-aligne\n-0002e9d0: 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 d address that a\n-0002e9e0: 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 re enabled by th\n-0002e9f0: 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 e mask match. \n-0002ea00: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 with the base \n-0002ea10: 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e address, it mean\n-0002ea20: 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 s this page is t\n-0002ea30: 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 o be filtered. \n-0002ea40: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 This. syntax\n-0002ea50: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 makes it easy t\n-0002ea60: 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 o represent patt\n-0002ea70: 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 erns that are of\n-0002ea80: 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 ten result of. \n-0002ea90: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 memory damage\n-0002eaa0: 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 , due to physica\n-0002eab0: 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f l distribution o\n-0002eac0: 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a f memory cells..\n-0002ead0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n-0002eae0: 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 d is similar to \n-0002eaf0: e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d ...cutmem... com\n-0002eb00: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 mand... Note\n-0002eb10: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-0002eb20: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-0002eb30: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-0002eb40: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-0002eb50: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-0002eb60: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 This prevents r\n-0002eb70: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f emoving EFI memo\n-0002eb80: 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 ry regions to. \n-0002eb90: 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 potentially s\n-0002eba0: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 ubvert the secur\n-0002ebb0: 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 ity mechanisms p\n-0002ebc0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 rovided by the U\n-0002ebd0: 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 EFI. secure \n-0002ebe0: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-0002ebf0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002ec00: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 blocklist, Nex\n-0002ec10: 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: boot, Prev: \n-0002ec20: 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d badram, Up: Com\n-0002ec30: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002ec40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b ds..17.4.7 block\n-0002ec50: 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list.-----------\n-0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002ec70: 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 nd: blocklist fi\n-0002ec80: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 le. Print a \n-0002ec90: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 block list (*not\n-0002eca0: 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e e Block list syn\n-0002ecb0: 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e tax::) for FILE.\n-0002ecc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ecd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 nfo, Node: boot\n-0002ece0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 , Next: cat, P\n-0002ecf0: 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 rev: blocklist, \n-0002ed00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002ed10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002ed20: 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .8 boot.--------\n-0002ed30: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002ed40: 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 : boot. Boot\n-0002ed50: 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e the OS or chain\n-0002ed60: 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 -loader which ha\n-0002ed70: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 s been loaded. \n-0002ed80: 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 Only necessary. \n-0002ed90: 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 if running t\n-0002eda0: 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 he fully interac\n-0002edb0: 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e tive command-lin\n-0002edc0: 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 e (it is implici\n-0002edd0: 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e t at. the en\n-0002ede0: 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 d of a menu entr\n-0002edf0: 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 y).....File: gru\n-0002ee00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002ee10: 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 at, Next: clear\n-0002ee20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 , Prev: boot, \n-0002ee30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002ee40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002ee50: 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 cat.----------\n-0002ee60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002ee70: 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a at [--dos] file.\n-0002ee80: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n-0002ee90: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-0002eea0: 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 file FILE. Thi\n-0002eeb0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 s command may be\n-0002eec0: 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 useful. to \n-0002eed0: 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f remind you of yo\n-0002eee0: 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 ur OS's root par\n-0002eef0: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-0002ef00: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 grub> cat /et\n-0002ef10: 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 c/fstab.. If\n-0002ef20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 the ...--dos...\n-0002ef30: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-0002ef40: 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 then carriage r\n-0002ef50: 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 eturn / new line\n-0002ef60: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c . pairs will\n-0002ef70: 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 be displayed as\n-0002ef80: 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 a simple new li\n-0002ef90: 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 ne. Otherwise, \n-0002efa0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 the. carriag\n-0002efb0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 e return will be\n-0002efc0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 displayed as a \n-0002efd0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 control characte\n-0002efe0: 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f r (......) to\n-0002eff0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 . make it ea\n-0002f000: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e sier to see when\n-0002f010: 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 boot problems a\n-0002f020: 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 re caused by a f\n-0002f030: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 ile. formatt\n-0002f040: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 ed using DOS-sty\n-0002f050: 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e le line endings.\n-0002f060: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 .. Note: ...\n-0002f070: 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 cat... can be us\n-0002f080: 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 ed to view the c\n-0002f090: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 ontents of devic\n-0002f0a0: 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 es using the. \n-0002f0b0: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e block list syn\n-0002f0c0: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b tax (*note Block\n-0002f0d0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e list syntax::).\n-0002f0e0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 However, it is\n-0002f0f0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 not. advise\n-0002f100: 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 d to view binary\n-0002f110: 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 data because it\n-0002f120: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 will try to dec\n-0002f130: 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 ode UTF-8. s\n-0002f140: 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 trings, which ca\n-0002f150: 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 n lead to some b\n-0002f160: 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 ytes missing or \n-0002f170: 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 added in the. \n-0002f180: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 output. Inste\n-0002f190: 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 ad, use the ...h\n-0002f1a0: 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e exdump... comman\n-0002f1b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 d (*note hexdump\n-0002f1c0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0002f1d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002f1e0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d clear, Next: cm\n-0002f1f0: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 osclean, Prev: \n-0002f200: 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e cat, Up: Comman\n-0002f210: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002f220: 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d .17.4.10 clear.-\n-0002f230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f240: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 - Command: clear\n-0002f250: 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 . Clear the \n-0002f260: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a screen.....File:\n-0002f270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f280: 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e e: cmosclean, N\n-0002f290: 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 ext: cmosdump, \n-0002f2a0: 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 Prev: clear, Up\n-0002f2b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f2c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 ommands..17.4.11\n-0002f2d0: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosclean.-----\n-0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f2f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 - Command: cmosc\n-0002f300: 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 lean byte:bit. \n-0002f310: 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f Clear value o\n-0002f320: 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 f bit in CMOS at\n-0002f330: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 location BYTE:B\n-0002f340: 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e IT. This comman\n-0002f350: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 d is. availa\n-0002f360: 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 ble only on plat\n-0002f370: 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f forms that suppo\n-0002f380: 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rt CMOS.....File\n-0002f390: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f3a0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e de: cmosdump, N\n-0002f3b0: 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 ext: cmostest, \n-0002f3c0: 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Prev: cmosclean,\n-0002f3d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002f3e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002f3f0: 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 4.12 cmosdump.--\n-0002f400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002f410: 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 -- Dump: CMOS c\n-0002f420: 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d ontents. Dum\n-0002f430: 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 p full CMOS cont\n-0002f440: 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 ents as hexadeci\n-0002f450: 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 mal values. Thi\n-0002f460: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 s command is. \n-0002f470: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 available only\n-0002f480: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 on platforms th\n-0002f490: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e at support CMOS.\n-0002f4a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002f4b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n-0002f4c0: 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 test, Next: cmp\n-0002f4d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d , Prev: cmosdum\n-0002f4e0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n-0002f4f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002f500: 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 7.4.13 cmostest.\n-0002f510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002f520: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002f530: 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 mostest byte:bit\n-0002f540: 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 . Test value\n-0002f550: 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 of bit in CMOS \n-0002f560: 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 at location BYTE\n-0002f570: 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 :BIT. Exit stat\n-0002f580: 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 us is. zero \n-0002f590: 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e if bit is set, n\n-0002f5a0: 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 on zero otherwis\n-0002f5b0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e. This command\n-0002f5c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 is available. \n-0002f5d0: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 only on platf\n-0002f5e0: 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 orms that suppor\n-0002f5f0: 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t CMOS.....File:\n-0002f600: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f610: 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 e: cmp, Next: c\n-0002f620: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 onfigfile, Prev\n-0002f630: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a : cmostest, Up:\n-0002f640: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002f650: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 mmands..17.4.14 \n-0002f660: 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a cmp.-----------.\n-0002f670: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d . -- Command: cm\n-0002f680: 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c p [-v] file1 fil\n-0002f690: 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 e2. Compare \n-0002f6a0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 the file FILE1 w\n-0002f6b0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c ith the file FIL\n-0002f6c0: 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 E2. If they are\n-0002f6d0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 completely. \n-0002f6e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 identical, ...$\n-0002f6f0: 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 ?... will be set\n-0002f700: 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 to 0. Otherwis\n-0002f710: 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 e, if the files \n-0002f720: 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 are not. ide\n-0002f730: 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 ntical, ...$?...\n-0002f740: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 will be set to \n-0002f750: 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e a nonzero value.\n-0002f760: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n-0002f770: 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 t nothing will b\n-0002f780: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 e output. If th\n-0002f790: 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 e ...-v... is us\n-0002f7a0: 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 ed, verbose. \n-0002f7b0: 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 mode is enabled\n-0002f7c0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 . In this mode \n-0002f7d0: 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 when when the fi\n-0002f7e0: 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 les differ in si\n-0002f7f0: 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 ze,. print t\n-0002f800: 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 he sizes like th\n-0002f810: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 is:.. D\n-0002f820: 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 iffer in size: 0\n-0002f830: 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 x1234 [foo], 0x4\n-0002f840: 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 321 [bar].. \n-0002f850: 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 If the sizes are\n-0002f860: 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 equal but the b\n-0002f870: 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 ytes at an offse\n-0002f880: 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 t differ, then. \n-0002f890: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 print the by\n-0002f8a0: 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a tes like this:..\n-0002f8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 Differ\n-0002f8c0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 at the offset 7\n-0002f8d0: 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 77: 0xbe [foo], \n-0002f8e0: 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 0xef [bar]....Fi\n-0002f8f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f900: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 Node: configfile\n-0002f910: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 , Next: cpuid, \n-0002f920: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a Prev: cmp, Up:\n-0002f930: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002f940: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 mmands..17.4.15 \n-0002f950: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d configfile.-----\n-0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002f970: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 -- Command: conf\n-0002f980: 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 igfile file. \n-0002f990: 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Load FILE as a \n-0002f9a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0002f9b0: 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 le. If FILE def\n-0002f9c0: 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 ines any menu. \n-0002f9d0: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e entries, then\n-0002f9e0: 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e show a menu con\n-0002f9f0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d taining them imm\n-0002fa00: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 ediately. Any. \n-0002fa10: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-0002fa20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-0002fa30: 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d made by the com\n-0002fa40: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 mands in FILE wi\n-0002fa50: 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 ll not. be p\n-0002fa60: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 reserved after .\n-0002fa70: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n-0002fa80: 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 returns.....File\n-0002fa90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002faa0: 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: cpuid, Next\n-0002fab0: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f : crc, Prev: co\n-0002fac0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 nfigfile, Up: C\n-0002fad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002fae0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 ands..17.4.16 cp\n-0002faf0: 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uid.------------\n-0002fb00: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002fb10: 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a cpuid [-l] [-p].\n-0002fb20: 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 Check for C\n-0002fb30: 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 PU features. Th\n-0002fb40: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n-0002fb50: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-0002fb60: 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 x86. systems\n-0002fb70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n-0002fb80: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-l... option\n-0002fb90: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 , return true if\n-0002fba0: 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 the CPU support\n-0002fbb0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 s long mode. \n-0002fbc0: 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 (64-bit)... \n-0002fbd0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 With the ...-p.\n-0002fbe0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 .. option, retur\n-0002fbf0: 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 n true if the CP\n-0002fc00: 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 U supports Physi\n-0002fc10: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 cal. Address\n-0002fc20: 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 Extension (PAE)\n-0002fc30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b ... If invok\n-0002fc40: 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f ed without optio\n-0002fc50: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ns, this command\n-0002fc60: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 currently behav\n-0002fc70: 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 es as if it. \n-0002fc80: 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 had been invoke\n-0002fc90: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e d with ...-l....\n-0002fca0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 This may chang\n-0002fcb0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e e in the future.\n-0002fcc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002fcd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c nfo, Node: crc,\n-0002fce0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Next: cryptomo\n-0002fcf0: 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 unt, Prev: cpui\n-0002fd00: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-0002fd10: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002fd20: 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.17 crc.-----\n-0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002fd40: 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e and: crc arg ...\n-0002fd50: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-0002fd60: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n-0002fd70: 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 h crc32 arg ....\n-0002fd80: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n-0002fd90: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n-0002fda0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n-0002fdb0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n-0002fdc0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n-0002fdd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002fde0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 Node: cryptomou\n-0002fdf0: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 nt, Next: cutme\n-0002fe00: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 m, Prev: crc, \n-0002fe10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fe20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002fe30: 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 18 cryptomount.-\n-0002fe40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fe50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fe60: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b cryptomount [ [\n-0002fe70: 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b -p password] | [\n-0002fe80: 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b -k keyfile [-O k\n-0002fe90: 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 eyoffset]. \n-0002fea0: 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d [-S keysize]\n-0002feb0: 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 ] ] [-H file] d\n-0002fec0: 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 evice|-u uuid|-a\n-0002fed0: 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 |-b. Setup a\n-0002fee0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ccess to encrypt\n-0002fef0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 ed device. A pa\n-0002ff00: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ssphrase will be\n-0002ff10: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 requested. \n-0002ff20: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 interactively, i\n-0002ff30: 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 f neither the ..\n-0002ff40: 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b .-p... nor ...-k\n-0002ff50: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 ... options are \n-0002ff60: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 given. The. \n-0002ff70: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 option ...-p...\n-0002ff80: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0002ff90: 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 supply a passphr\n-0002ffa0: 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a ase (useful for.\n-0002ffb0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 scripts). \n-0002ffc0: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 Alternatively th\n-0002ffd0: 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-k... optio\n-0002ffe0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f n can be used to\n-0002fff0: 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b supply a. k\n-00030000: 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 eyfile with opti\n-00030010: 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 ons ...-O... and\n-00030020: 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-S... option\n-00030030: 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 ally supplying t\n-00030040: 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 he offset. a\n-00030050: 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 nd size, respect\n-00030060: 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 ively, of the ke\n-00030070: 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 y data in the gi\n-00030080: 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 ven key file. T\n-00030090: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 he. ...-H...\n-000300a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 options can be \n-000300b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 used to supply c\n-000300c0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 ryptomount backe\n-000300d0: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 nds with an. \n-000300e0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 alternative hea\n-000300f0: 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 der file (aka de\n-00030100: 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 tached header). \n-00030110: 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 Not all backend\n-00030120: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 s. have head\n-00030130: 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ers nor support \n-00030140: 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 alternative head\n-00030150: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e er files (curren\n-00030160: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 tly only. LU\n-00030170: 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 KS1 and LUKS2 su\n-00030180: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 pport them). Ar\n-00030190: 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f gument DEVICE co\n-000301a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 nfigures specifi\n-000301b0: 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 c. grub devi\n-000301c0: 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 ce (*note Naming\n-000301d0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 convention::); \n-000301e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 option ...-u... \n-000301f0: 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 UUID. config\n-00030200: 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 ures device with\n-00030210: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b specified UUID;\n-00030220: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 option ...-a...\n-00030230: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a configures all.\n-00030240: 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e detected en\n-00030250: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b crypted devices;\n-00030260: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 option ...-b...\n-00030270: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 configures all \n-00030280: 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 geli. contai\n-00030290: 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 ners that have b\n-000302a0: 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 oot flag set... \n-000302b0: 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 Devices are \n-000302c0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 not allowed to b\n-000302d0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 e given as key f\n-000302e0: 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 iles nor as deta\n-000302f0: 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 ched. header\n-00030300: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 files. However\n-00030310: 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f , this limitatio\n-00030320: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 n can be worked \n-00030330: 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 around by. u\n-00030340: 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 sing blocklist s\n-00030350: 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 yntax. So for i\n-00030360: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 nstance, ...(hd1\n-00030370: 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f ,gpt2)... can no\n-00030380: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 t be. used, \n-00030390: 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 but ...(hd1,gpt2\n-000303a0: 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 )0+... will achi\n-000303b0: 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 eve the desired \n-000303c0: 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 result... GR\n-000303d0: 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 UB suports devic\n-000303e0: 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 es encrypted usi\n-000303f0: 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 ng LUKS, LUKS2 a\n-00030400: 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 nd geli. Note. \n-00030410: 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 that necessa\n-00030420: 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 ry modules (LUKS\n-00030430: 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 , LUKS2 and GELI\n-00030440: 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 ) have to be loa\n-00030450: 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c ded. manuall\n-00030460: 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f y before this co\n-00030470: 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 mmand can be use\n-00030480: 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e d. For LUKS2 on\n-00030490: 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 ly the. PBKD\n-000304a0: 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f F2 key derivatio\n-000304b0: 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 n function is su\n-000304c0: 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f pported, as Argo\n-000304d0: 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 n2 is not yet. \n-000304e0: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 supported... \n-000304f0: 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 Successfully\n-00030500: 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 decrypted disks\n-00030510: 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 are named as (c\n-00030520: 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 ryptoX) and have\n-00030530: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 . increasing\n-00030540: 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 numeration suff\n-00030550: 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 ix for each new \n-00030560: 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 decrypted disk. \n-00030570: 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 If the. enc\n-00030580: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 rypted disk host\n-00030590: 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 s some higher le\n-000305a0: 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 vel of abstracti\n-000305b0: 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 on (like LVM2 or\n-000305c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 . MDRAID) it\n-000305d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 will be created\n-000305e0: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 under a separat\n-000305f0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 e device namespa\n-00030600: 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 ce in. addit\n-00030610: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 ion to the crypt\n-00030620: 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e odisk namespace.\n-00030630: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 .. Support f\n-00030640: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 or plain encrypt\n-00030650: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 ion mode (plain \n-00030660: 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f dm-crypt) is pro\n-00030670: 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 vided via. s\n-00030680: 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 eparate ...*note\n-00030690: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 plainmount::...\n-000306a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n-000306b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000306c0: 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: cutmem, Ne\n-000306d0: 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: date, Prev:\n-000306e0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 cryptomount, U\n-000306f0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00030700: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n-00030710: 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 cutmem.-------\n-00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00030730: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f mand: cutmem fro\n-00030740: 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c m[K|M|G] to[K|M|\n-00030750: 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 G]. Remove a\n-00030760: 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e ny memory region\n-00030770: 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 s in specified r\n-00030780: 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ange... This\n-00030790: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n-000307a0: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n-000307b0: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n-000307c0: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n-000307d0: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n-000307e0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n-000307f0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 . This remains \n-00030800: 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 in effect after \n-00030810: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b a. payload k\n-00030820: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n-00030830: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 oaded by GRUB, a\n-00030840: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f s long as the lo\n-00030850: 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c aded. kernel\n-00030860: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n-00030870: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 ory map from GRU\n-00030880: 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 B. Kernels that \n-00030890: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 support this. \n-000308a0: 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c include Linux,\n-000308b0: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b GNU Mach, the k\n-000308c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-000308d0: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 and Multiboot. \n-000308e0: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 kernels in g\n-000308f0: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 eneral... Th\n-00030900: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d e command is sim\n-00030910: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 ilar to ...badra\n-00030920: 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 m... command... \n-00030930: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00030940: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-00030950: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-00030960: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-00030970: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-00030980: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 own::). This pr\n-00030990: 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 events removing \n-000309a0: 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f EFI memory regio\n-000309b0: 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e ns to. poten\n-000309c0: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 tially subvert t\n-000309d0: 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 he security mech\n-000309e0: 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 anisms provided \n-000309f0: 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 by the UEFI. \n-00030a00: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f secure boot....\n-00030a10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00030a20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Node: date, \n-00030a30: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Next: devicetree\n-00030a40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c , Prev: cutmem,\n-00030a50: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00030a60: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00030a70: 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.20 date.------\n-00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00030a90: 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 and: date [[year\n-00030aa0: 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f -]month-day] [ho\n-00030ab0: 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e ur:minute[:secon\n-00030ac0: 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f d]]. With no\n-00030ad0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n-00030ae0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 t the current da\n-00030af0: 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 te and time... \n-00030b00: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 Otherwise, ta\n-00030b10: 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 ke the current d\n-00030b20: 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 ate and time, ch\n-00030b30: 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 ange any element\n-00030b40: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00030b50: 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 as arguments, a\n-00030b60: 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c nd set the resul\n-00030b70: 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 t as the new dat\n-00030b80: 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e e and. time.\n-00030b90: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 For example, '\n-00030ba0: 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c date 01-01' will\n-00030bb0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 set the current\n-00030bc0: 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 month and day. \n-00030bd0: 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 to January 1\n-00030be0: 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 , but leave the \n-00030bf0: 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 year, hour, minu\n-00030c00: 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 te, and second. \n-00030c10: 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a unchanged...\n-00030c20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00030c30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 o, Node: device\n-00030c40: 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 tree, Next: dis\n-00030c50: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 trust, Prev: da\n-00030c60: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te, Up: Command\n-00030c70: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00030c80: 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 17.4.21 devicetr\n-00030c90: 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ee.-------------\n-00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00030cb0: 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 nd: devicetree f\n-00030cc0: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ile. Load a \n-00030cd0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 device tree blob\n-00030ce0: 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 (.dtb) from a f\n-00030cf0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c ilesystem, for l\n-00030d00: 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 ater use by. \n-00030d10: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e a Linux kernel.\n-00030d20: 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f Does not perfo\n-00030d30: 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 rm merging with \n-00030d40: 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a any device tree.\n-00030d50: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 supplied by\n-00030d60: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 firmware, but r\n-00030d70: 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 ather replaces i\n-00030d80: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 t completely... \n-00030d90: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00030da0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-00030db0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-00030dc0: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-00030dd0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-00030de0: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 own::). This is\n-00030df0: 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 done to prevent\n-00030e00: 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 subverting vari\n-00030e10: 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 ous security. \n-00030e20: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f mechanisms....\n-00030e30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00030e40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Node: distrus\n-00030e50: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d t, Next: drivem\n-00030e60: 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 ap, Prev: devic\n-00030e70: 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d etree, Up: Comm\n-00030e80: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00030e90: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 s..17.4.22 distr\n-00030ea0: 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ust.------------\n-00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00030ec0: 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b d: distrust pubk\n-00030ed0: 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 ey_id. Remov\n-00030ee0: 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 e public key PUB\n-00030ef0: 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 KEY_ID from GRUB\n-00030f00: 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 's keyring of tr\n-00030f10: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 usted keys.. \n-00030f20: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 PUBKEY_ID is th\n-00030f30: 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 e last four byte\n-00030f40: 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 s (eight hexadec\n-00030f50: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 imal digits) of \n-00030f60: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 the. GPG v4 \n-00030f70: 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 key id, which is\n-00030f80: 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 also the output\n-00030f90: 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 of ...list_trus\n-00030fa0: 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ted... (*note. \n-00030fb0: 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a list_trusted:\n-00030fc0: 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 :). Outside of \n-00030fd0: 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 GRUB, the key id\n-00030fe0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 can be obtained\n-00030ff0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 using. ...g\n-00031000: 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 pg --fingerprint\n-00031010: e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 ...). These key\n-00031020: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 s are used to va\n-00031030: 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 lidate signature\n-00031040: 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 s. when envi\n-00031050: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00031060: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00031070: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n-00031080: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a o ...enforce....\n-00031090: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 (*note chec\n-000310a0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c k_signatures::),\n-000310b0: 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 and by some inv\n-000310c0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 ocations of. \n-000310d0: 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ...verify_detac\n-000310e0: 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 hed... (*note ve\n-000310f0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 rify_detached::)\n-00031100: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-00031110: 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e igital. sign\n-00031120: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-00031130: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-00031140: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00031150: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 fo, Node: drive\n-00031160: 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f map, Next: echo\n-00031170: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Prev: distrus\n-00031180: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00031190: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000311a0: 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 7.4.23 drivemap.\n-000311b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000311c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-000311d0: 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d rivemap -l|-r|[-\n-000311e0: 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f s] from_drive to\n-000311f0: 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 _drive. With\n-00031200: 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 out options, map\n-00031210: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f the drive FROM_\n-00031220: 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 DRIVE to the dri\n-00031230: 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 ve TO_DRIVE.. \n-00031240: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 This is necess\n-00031250: 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 ary when you cha\n-00031260: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 in-load some ope\n-00031270: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-00031280: 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 such. as DOS\n-00031290: 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 , if such an OS \n-000312a0: 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e resides at a non\n-000312b0: 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 -first drive. F\n-000312c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 or. convenie\n-000312d0: 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 nce, any partiti\n-000312e0: 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 on suffix on the\n-000312f0: 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 drive is ignore\n-00031300: 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 d, so you. c\n-00031310: 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b an safely use ${\n-00031320: 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 root} as a drive\n-00031330: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a specification..\n-00031340: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n-00031350: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-s... option, \n-00031360: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 perform the reve\n-00031370: 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 rse mapping as w\n-00031380: 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 ell, swapping. \n-00031390: 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 the two drive\n-000313a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n-000313b0: 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-l... optio\n-000313c0: 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 n, list the curr\n-000313d0: 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 ent mappings... \n-000313e0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-000313f0: 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -r... option, re\n-00031400: 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 set all mappings\n-00031410: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 to the default \n-00031420: 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f values... Fo\n-00031430: 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 r example:.. \n-00031440: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d drivemap -\n-00031450: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n-00031460: 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 NOTE: Only a\n-00031470: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 vailable on i386\n-00031480: 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 -pc.....File: gr\n-00031490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000314a0: 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 echo, Next: efi\n-000314b0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a textmode, Prev:\n-000314c0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 drivemap, Up: \n-000314d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000314e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 mands..17.4.24 e\n-000314f0: 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cho.------------\n-00031500: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n-00031510: 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 cho [-n] [-e] st\n-00031520: 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 ring .... Di\n-00031530: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 splay the reques\n-00031540: 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e ted text and, un\n-00031550: 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 less the ...-n..\n-00031560: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 . option is used\n-00031570: 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e , a. trailin\n-00031580: 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 g new line. If \n-00031590: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 there is more th\n-000315a0: 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 an one string, t\n-000315b0: 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 hey are. sep\n-000315c0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-000315d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 in the output. \n-000315e0: 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 As usual in GRU\n-000315f0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 B commands,. \n-00031600: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 variables may b\n-00031610: 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 e substituted us\n-00031620: 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 ing ...${var}...\n-00031630: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-00031640: 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 e... option enab\n-00031650: 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 les interpretati\n-00031660: 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 on of backslash \n-00031670: 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 escapes. The. \n-00031680: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 following seq\n-00031690: 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 uences are recog\n-000316a0: 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 nised:.. ...\n-000316b0: 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\\\.... \n-000316c0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 backslash.. \n-000316d0: e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n-000316e0: 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a alert (BEL)..\n-000316f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 ...\\c.... \n-00031700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 suppress\n-00031710: 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 trailing new li\n-00031720: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 ne.. ...\\f..\n-00031730: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d .. form\n-00031740: 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c feed.. ...\\\n-00031750: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n.... n\n-00031760: 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ew line.. ..\n-00031770: 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\r.... \n-00031780: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n-00031790: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a .. ...\\t....\n-000317a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f horizo\n-000317b0: 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ntal tab.. .\n-000317c0: 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\v.... \n-000317d0: 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a vertical tab..\n-000317e0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 When interp\n-000317f0: 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 reting backslash\n-00031800: 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c escapes, backsl\n-00031810: 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ash followed by \n-00031820: 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 any. other c\n-00031830: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 haracter will pr\n-00031840: 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 int that charact\n-00031850: 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 er.....File: gru\n-00031860: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n-00031870: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 fitextmode, Nex\n-00031880: 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: eval, Prev: \n-00031890: 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 echo, Up: Comma\n-000318a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000318b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 ..17.4.25 efitex\n-000318c0: 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmode.----------\n-000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000318e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d ommand: efitextm\n-000318f0: 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c ode [min | max |\n-00031900: 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 7c20 3c63 | ]. \n-00031920: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 When used with\n-00031930: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 no arguments di\n-00031940: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c splays all avail\n-00031950: 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 able text output\n-00031960: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 . modes. Th\n-00031970: 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 e set mode deter\n-00031980: 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e mines the column\n-00031990: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 s and rows of th\n-000319a0: 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 e text. disp\n-000319b0: 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 lay when in text\n-000319c0: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 mode. An aster\n-000319d0: 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 isk, ...*..., wi\n-000319e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 ll be at the end\n-000319f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e of. the lin\n-00031a00: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 e of the current\n-00031a10: 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 ly set mode... \n-00031a20: 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 If given a si\n-00031a30: 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 ngle parameter, \n-00031a40: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 it must be ...mi\n-00031a50: 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c n..., ...max...,\n-00031a60: 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 or a mode. \n-00031a70: 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 number given by \n-00031a80: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e the listing when\n-00031a90: 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 run with no arg\n-00031aa0: 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 uments. These. \n-00031ab0: 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 arguments se\n-00031ac0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 t the mode to th\n-00031ad0: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d e minimum, maxim\n-00031ae0: 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c um, and particul\n-00031af0: 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 ar mode. res\n-00031b00: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 pectively... \n-00031b10: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n-00031b20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 command must be \n-00031b30: 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 given two numeri\n-00031b40: 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 cal arguments. \n-00031b50: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 specifying th\n-00031b60: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n-00031b70: 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 ws of the desire\n-00031b80: 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 d mode. Specify\n-00031b90: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d ing a. colum\n-00031ba0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 ns and rows comb\n-00031bb0: 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 ination that cor\n-00031bc0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 responds to no s\n-00031bd0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 upported mode,. \n-00031be0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 will return \n-00031bf0: 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 error, but other\n-00031c00: 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 wise have no eff\n-00031c10: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 ect... By de\n-00031c20: 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 fault GRUB will \n-00031c30: 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 start in whateve\n-00031c40: 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 r mode the EFI f\n-00031c50: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 irmware. def\n-00031c60: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 aults to. There\n-00031c70: 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b are firmwares k\n-00031c80: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 nown to set up t\n-00031c90: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a he default mode.\n-00031ca0: 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f such that o\n-00031cb0: 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 utput behaves st\n-00031cc0: 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 rangely, for exa\n-00031cd0: 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 mple the cursor \n-00031ce0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 in the. GRUB\n-00031cf0: 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 shell never rea\n-00031d00: 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 ches the bottom \n-00031d10: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 of the screen or\n-00031d20: 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 , when typing. \n-00031d30: 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 characters at\n-00031d40: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 the prompt, cha\n-00031d50: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 racters from pre\n-00031d60: 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 vious command ou\n-00031d70: 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 tput. are ov\n-00031d80: 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 erwritten. Sett\n-00031d90: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 ing the mode may\n-00031da0: 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 fix this... \n-00031db0: 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 The EFI specifi\n-00031dc0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 cation says that\n-00031dd0: 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 mode 0 must be \n-00031de0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 available and ha\n-00031df0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ve. columns \n-00031e00: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 and rows of 80 a\n-00031e10: 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 nd 25 respective\n-00031e20: 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 ly. 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This m\n-00031ee0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 eans that a mode\n-00031ef0: 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e with columns an\n-00031f00: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 d rows of 100. \n-00031f10: 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 and 31 on one\n-00031f20: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 firmware may be\n-00031f30: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 a different mod\n-00031f40: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 e number on a. \n-00031f50: 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 different fir\n-00031f60: 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 mware or not exi\n-00031f70: 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 st at all. Like\n-00031f80: 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 wise, mode numbe\n-00031f90: 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 r 2 on. one \n-00031fa0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 firmware may hav\n-00031fb0: 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 e a different nu\n-00031fc0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 mber of columns \n-00031fd0: 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 and rows than. \n-00031fe0: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 mode 2 on a d\n-00031ff0: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ifferent firmwar\n-00032000: 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c e. So one shoul\n-00032010: 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a d not rely on a.\n-00032020: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 particular \n-00032030: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 mode number or a\n-00032040: 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 mode of a certa\n-00032050: 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c in number of col\n-00032060: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f umns and. ro\n-00032070: 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 ws existing on a\n-00032080: 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 ll firmwares, ex\n-00032090: 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e cept for mode 0.\n-000320a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 .. Note: Thi\n-000320b0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n-000320c0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 y available on E\n-000320d0: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 FI platforms and\n-000320e0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 is. similar\n-000320f0: 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d to EFI shell \"m\n-00032100: 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f ode\" command....\n-00032110: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032120: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Node: eval, \n-00032130: 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 Next: export, P\n-00032140: 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 rev: efitextmode\n-00032150: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00032160: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00032170: 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.26 eval.-----\n-00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00032190: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e mand: eval strin\n-000321a0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 g .... Conca\n-000321b0: 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 tenate arguments\n-000321c0: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 together using \n-000321d0: 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 single space as \n-000321e0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 separator and. \n-000321f0: 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 evaluate resu\n-00032200: 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f lt as sequence o\n-00032210: 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e f GRUB commands.\n-00032220: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00032230: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f nfo, Node: expo\n-00032240: 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 rt, Next: false\n-00032250: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Prev: eval, \n-00032260: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032270: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032280: 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 27 export.------\n-00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000322a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e mmand: export en\n-000322b0: 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 vvar. Export\n-000322c0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-000322d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n-000322e0: 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 . Exported vari\n-000322f0: 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 ables are. v\n-00032300: 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 isible to subsid\n-00032310: 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 iary configurati\n-00032320: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 on files loaded \n-00032330: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f using. ...co\n-00032340: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a nfigfile........\n-00032350: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00032360: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 Node: false, \n-00032370: 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 Next: fwsetup, \n-00032380: 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 Prev: export, U\n-00032390: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000323a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-000323b0: 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 false.--------\n-000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000323d0: 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 nd: false. D\n-000323e0: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 o nothing, unsuc\n-000323f0: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 cessfully. This\n-00032400: 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is mainly usefu\n-00032410: 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 l in control. \n-00032420: 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 constructs suc\n-00032430: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e h as ...if... an\n-00032440: 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a d ...while... (*\n-00032450: 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 note Shell-like \n-00032460: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f scripting::)....\n-00032470: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032480: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Node: fwsetup\n-00032490: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Next: gdbinfo\n-000324a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 , Prev: false, \n-000324b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000324c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000324d0: 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d .29 fwsetup.----\n-000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000324f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 Command: fwsetu\n-00032500: 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 p [--is-supporte\n-00032510: 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 d]. Reboot i\n-00032520: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 nto the firmware\n-00032530: 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 setup menu. If\n-00032540: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 ...--is-support\n-00032550: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a ed... option is.\n-00032560: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n-00032570: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 instead check wh\n-00032580: 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 ether the firmwa\n-00032590: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 re supports a se\n-000325a0: 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e tup menu. an\n-000325b0: 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 d exit successfu\n-000325c0: 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 lly if so.....Fi\n-000325d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000325e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 Node: gdbinfo, \n-000325f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Next: gettext, \n-00032600: 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 Prev: fwsetup, \n-00032610: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032620: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032630: 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 30 gdbinfo.-----\n-00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032650: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f Command: gdbinfo\n-00032660: 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 . Output tex\n-00032670: 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 t to be used as \n-00032680: 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f a GDB command fo\n-00032690: 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 r a GDB session \n-000326a0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 using the. g\n-000326b0: 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 db_grub script a\n-000326c0: 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 nd attached to a\n-000326d0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e running GRUB in\n-000326e0: 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 stance. The GDB\n-000326f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 . command th\n-00032700: 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c at is output wil\n-00032710: 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 l tell GDB how t\n-00032720: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 o load debugging\n-00032730: 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f symbols. to\n-00032740: 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 their proper ru\n-00032750: 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 ntime address. \n-00032760: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 Currently this i\n-00032770: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00032780: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c . for EFI pl\n-00032790: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 atforms. See th\n-000327a0: 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 e Debugging in t\n-000327b0: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 he developer. \n-000327c0: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 documentation \n-000327d0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-000327e0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-000327f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00032800: 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a gettext, Next:\n-00032810: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a gptsync, Prev:\n-00032820: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gdbinfo, Up: C\n-00032830: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032840: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 ands..17.4.31 ge\n-00032850: 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ttext.----------\n-00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032870: 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 nd: gettext stri\n-00032880: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng. Translat\n-00032890: 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e STRING into th\n-000328a0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 e current langua\n-000328b0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ge... The cu\n-000328c0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 rrent language c\n-000328d0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ode is stored in\n-000328e0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 the ...lang... \n-000328f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 variable in. \n-00032900: 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d GRUB's environm\n-00032910: 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a ent (*note lang:\n-00032920: 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e :). Translation\n-00032930: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 files in MO for\n-00032940: 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 mat. are rea\n-00032950: 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 d from ...locale\n-00032960: 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c _dir... (*note l\n-00032970: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 ocale_dir::), us\n-00032980: 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 ually. .../b\n-00032990: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 oot/grub/locale.\n-000329a0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-000329b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-000329c0: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 ptsync, Next: h\n-000329d0: 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 alt, Prev: gett\n-000329e0: 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ext, Up: Comman\n-000329f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032a00: 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 .17.4.32 gptsync\n-00032a10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00032a20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 .. -- Command: g\n-00032a30: 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 ptsync device [p\n-00032a40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 artition[+/-[typ\n-00032a50: 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 e]]] .... Di\n-00032a60: 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 sks using the GU\n-00032a70: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n-00032a80: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 le (GPT) also ha\n-00032a90: 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 ve a legacy. \n-00032aa0: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n-00032ab0: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 ord (MBR) partit\n-00032ac0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f ion table for co\n-00032ad0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 mpatibility with\n-00032ae0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 the. BIOS a\n-00032af0: 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 nd with older op\n-00032b00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e erating systems.\n-00032b10: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 The legacy MBR\n-00032b20: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 can only. r\n-00032b30: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 epresent a limit\n-00032b40: 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 ed subset of GPT\n-00032b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 partition entri\n-00032b60: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 es... This c\n-00032b70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 ommand populates\n-00032b80: 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 the legacy MBR \n-00032b90: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 with the specifi\n-00032ba0: 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 ed PARTITION. \n-00032bb0: 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 entries on DEV\n-00032bc0: 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 ICE. Up to thre\n-00032bd0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 e partitions may\n-00032be0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 be used... \n-00032bf0: 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 TYPE is an MBR p\n-00032c00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n-00032c10: 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 de; prefix with \n-00032c20: e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 ...0x... if you \n-00032c30: 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 want to. ent\n-00032c40: 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 er this in hexad\n-00032c50: 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 ecimal. The sep\n-00032c60: 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 arator between P\n-00032c70: 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 ARTITION and. \n-00032c80: 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 TYPE may be ..\n-00032c90: 982b e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 .+... to make th\n-00032ca0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 e partition acti\n-00032cb0: 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 ve, or ...-... t\n-00032cc0: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 o make it. i\n-00032cd0: 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e nactive; only on\n-00032ce0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 e partition may \n-00032cf0: 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 be active. If b\n-00032d00: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f oth the separato\n-00032d10: 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 r. and type \n-00032d20: 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 are omitted, the\n-00032d30: 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n the partition \n-00032d40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 will be inactive\n-00032d50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00032d60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c info, Node: hal\n-00032d70: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 t, Next: hashsu\n-00032d80: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e m, Prev: gptsyn\n-00032d90: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d c, Up: Command-\n-00032da0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032db0: 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.33 halt.----\n-00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032dd0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e mmand: halt [--n\n-00032de0: 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 o-apm]. The \n-00032df0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 command halts th\n-00032e00: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 e computer. On \n-00032e10: 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 the i386-pc targ\n-00032e20: 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 et, the. ...\n-00032e30: 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 --no-apm... opti\n-00032e40: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 on, or short ...\n-00032e50: 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 -n..., is specif\n-00032e60: 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 ied, no APM BIOS\n-00032e70: 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 call is. pe\n-00032e80: 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 rformed. Otherw\n-00032e90: 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 ise, the compute\n-00032ea0: 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 r is shut down u\n-00032eb0: 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 sing APM on that\n-00032ec0: 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f . target....\n-00032ed0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032ee0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Node: hashsum\n-00032ef0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 , Next: help, \n-00032f00: 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a Prev: halt, Up:\n-00032f10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00032f20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 mmands..17.4.34 \n-00032f30: 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hashsum.--------\n-00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00032f50: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d mand: hashsum --\n-00032f60: 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 hash hash --keep\n-00032f70: 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 -going --uncompr\n-00032f80: 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 ess --check file\n-00032f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 . [--pr\n-00032fa0: 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e efix dir]|file .\n-00032fb0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 ... Compute \n-00032fc0: 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 or verify file h\n-00032fd0: 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 ashes. Hash typ\n-00032fe0: 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 e is selected wi\n-00032ff0: 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 th option. .\n-00033000: 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 ..--hash.... Su\n-00033010: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 pported hashes a\n-00033020: 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 re: ...adler32..\n-00033030: 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 ., ...crc64..., \n-00033040: e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...crc32...,. \n-00033050: 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 ...crc32rfc151\n-00033060: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 0..., ...crc24rf\n-00033070: 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 c2440..., ...md4\n-00033080: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 ..., ...md5..., \n-00033090: e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c ...ripemd160...,\n-000330a0: 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...sha1...,. \n-000330b0: 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 ...sha224..., \n-000330c0: e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha256..., ..\n-000330d0: 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha512..., ...s\n-000330e0: 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 ha384..., ...tig\n-000330f0: 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 er192..., ...tig\n-00033100: 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 er...,. ...t\n-00033110: 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 iger2..., ...whi\n-00033120: 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 rlpool.... Opti\n-00033130: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 on ...--uncompre\n-00033140: 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ss... uncompress\n-00033150: 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 es files. be\n-00033160: 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 fore computing h\n-00033170: 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 ash... When \n-00033180: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 list of files is\n-00033190: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 given, hash of \n-000331a0: 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d each file is com\n-000331b0: 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 puted and. p\n-000331c0: 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 rinted, followed\n-000331d0: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 by file name, e\n-000331e0: 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 ach file on a ne\n-000331f0: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 w line... Wh\n-00033200: 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 en option ...--c\n-00033210: 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e heck... is given\n-00033220: 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 , it points to a\n-00033230: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 file that conta\n-00033240: 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ins. list of\n-00033250: 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 HASH NAME pairs\n-00033260: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 in the same for\n-00033270: 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 mat as used by U\n-00033280: 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 NIX ...md5sum...\n-00033290: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 . command. \n-000332a0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 Option ...--pref\n-000332b0: 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 ix... may be use\n-000332c0: 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 d to give direct\n-000332d0: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 ory where. f\n-000332e0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 iles are located\n-000332f0: 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 . Hash verifica\n-00033300: 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 tion stops after\n-00033310: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the first. \n-00033320: 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 mismatch was fou\n-00033330: 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e nd unless option\n-00033340: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 ...--keep-going\n-00033350: e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 ... was given. \n-00033360: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f The. exit co\n-00033370: 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 de ...$?... is s\n-00033380: 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 et to 0 if hash \n-00033390: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 verification is \n-000333a0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a successful. If.\n-000333b0: 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 it fails, .\n-000333c0: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n-000333d0: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 o a nonzero valu\n-000333e0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000333f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 .info, Node: he\n-00033400: 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 lp, Next: hexdu\n-00033410: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 mp, Prev: hashs\n-00033420: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-00033430: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033440: 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.35 help.---\n-00033450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033460: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 ommand: help [pa\n-00033470: 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 ttern ...]. \n-00033480: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 Display helpful \n-00033490: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n-000334a0: 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e t builtin comman\n-000334b0: 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e ds. If you do n\n-000334c0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 ot. specify \n-000334d0: 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f PATTERN, this co\n-000334e0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 mmand shows shor\n-000334f0: 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f t descriptions o\n-00033500: 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c f all. avail\n-00033510: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a able commands...\n-00033520: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 If you spec\n-00033530: 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 ify any PATTERNS\n-00033540: 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f , it displays lo\n-00033550: 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e nger information\n-00033560: 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 about. each\n-00033570: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 of the commands\n-00033580: 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 whose names beg\n-00033590: 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 in with those PA\n-000335a0: 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a TTERNS.....File:\n-000335b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000335c0: 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 e: hexdump, Nex\n-000335d0: 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 t: insmod, Prev\n-000335e0: 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : help, Up: Com\n-000335f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033600: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 ds..17.4.36 hexd\n-00033610: 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ump.------------\n-00033620: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033630: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 : hexdump [--ski\n-00033640: 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e p offset] [--len\n-00033650: 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 gth len] FILE_OR\n-00033660: 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f _DEVICE. Sho\n-00033670: 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f w raw contents o\n-00033680: 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f f a file or memo\n-00033690: 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e ry. When option\n-000336a0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 ...--skip... is\n-000336b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 . given, ...\n-000336c0: 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 offset... number\n-000336d0: 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b of bytes are sk\n-000336e0: 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 ipped from the s\n-000336f0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tart of the. \n-00033700: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 device or file \n-00033710: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d given. And ...-\n-00033720: 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 -length... allow\n-00033730: 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d s specifying a m\n-00033740: 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 aximum. numb\n-00033750: 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 er of bytes to b\n-00033760: 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 e shown... I\n-00033770: 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 f given the spec\n-00033780: 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 ial device named\n-00033790: 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 ...(mem)..., th\n-000337a0: 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 en the ...offset\n-000337b0: e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ... given. t\n-000337c0: 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 o ...--skip... i\n-000337d0: 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 s treated as the\n-000337e0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 address of a me\n-000337f0: 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f mory location to\n-00033800: 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e dump. from.\n-00033810: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033820: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d nfo, Node: insm\n-00033830: 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 od, Next: keyst\n-00033840: 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 atus, Prev: hex\n-00033850: 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dump, Up: Comma\n-00033860: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033870: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 ..17.4.37 insmod\n-00033880: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00033890: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e . -- Command: in\n-000338a0: 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 smod module. \n-000338b0: 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 Insert the dyna\n-000338c0: 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 mic GRUB module \n-000338d0: 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a called MODULE...\n-000338e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000338f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 o, Node: keysta\n-00033900: 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 tus, Next: list\n-00033910: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 _env, Prev: ins\n-00033920: 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mod, Up: Comman\n-00033930: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00033940: 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 .17.4.38 keystat\n-00033950: 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d us.-------------\n-00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00033970: 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d d: keystatus [--\n-00033980: 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 shift] [--ctrl] \n-00033990: 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 [--alt]. Ret\n-000339a0: 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 urn true if the \n-000339b0: 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 Shift, Control, \n-000339c0: 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 or Alt modifier \n-000339d0: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 keys are held. \n-000339e0: 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 down, as requ\n-000339f0: 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ested by options\n-00033a00: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 . This is usefu\n-00033a10: 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 l in scripting, \n-00033a20: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f to. allow so\n-00033a30: 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 me user control \n-00033a40: 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 over behaviour w\n-00033a50: 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f ithout having to\n-00033a60: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 wait for a. \n-00033a70: 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 keypress... \n-00033a80: 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f Checking key mo\n-00033a90: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 difier status is\n-00033aa0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 only supported \n-00033ab0: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on some platform\n-00033ac0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b s.. If invok\n-00033ad0: 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f ed without any o\n-00033ae0: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b ptions, the ...k\n-00033af0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d eystatus... comm\n-00033b00: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 and returns. \n-00033b10: 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c true if and onl\n-00033b20: 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 y if checking ke\n-00033b30: 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 y modifier statu\n-00033b40: 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a s is supported..\n-00033b50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00033b60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f fo, Node: list_\n-00033b70: 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 env, Next: list\n-00033b80: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a _trusted, Prev:\n-00033b90: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a keystatus, Up:\n-00033ba0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00033bb0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 mmands..17.4.39 \n-00033bc0: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list_env.-------\n-00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033be0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 ommand: list_env\n-00033bf0: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 [--file file]. \n-00033c00: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 List all var\n-00033c10: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e iables in the en\n-00033c20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n-00033c30: 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 file. *Note. \n-00033c40: 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c Environment bl\n-00033c50: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n-00033c60: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n-00033c70: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n-00033c80: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n-00033c90: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00033ca0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00033cb0: 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 k.....File: grub\n-00033cc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-00033cd0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 st_trusted, Nex\n-00033ce0: 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 t: load_env, Pr\n-00033cf0: 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 ev: list_env, U\n-00033d00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033d10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00033d20: 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 0 list_trusted.-\n-00033d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00033d40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033d50: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 : list_trusted. \n-00033d60: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 List all pub\n-00033d70: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 lic keys trusted\n-00033d80: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c by GRUB for val\n-00033d90: 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 idating signatur\n-00033da0: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 es.. The out\n-00033db0: 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 put is in GPG's \n-00033dc0: 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 v4 key fingerpri\n-00033dd0: 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c nt format (i.e.,\n-00033de0: 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 the output. \n-00033df0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e of ...gpg --fin\n-00033e00: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 gerprint...). T\n-00033e10: 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 he least signifi\n-00033e20: 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 cant four bytes \n-00033e30: 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 (last. eight\n-00033e40: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n-00033e50: 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 its) can be used\n-00033e60: 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 as an argument \n-00033e70: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 to ...distrust..\n-00033e80: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 .. (*note di\n-00033e90: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 strust::). *Not\n-00033ea0: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00033eb0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-00033ec0: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f r more. info\n-00033ed0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 rmation about us\n-00033ee0: 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 es for these key\n-00033ef0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00033f00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-00033f10: 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c ad_env, Next: l\n-00033f20: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oadfont, Prev: \n-00033f30: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 list_trusted, U\n-00033f40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033f50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00033f60: 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 load_env.-----\n-00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00033f80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 Command: load_e\n-00033f90: 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d nv [--file file]\n-00033fa0: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 [--skip-sig]. \n-00033fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 [whiteli\n-00033fc0: 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 sted_variable_na\n-00033fd0: 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 me] .... Loa\n-00033fe0: 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 d all variables \n-00033ff0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e from the environ\n-00034000: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 ment block file \n-00034010: 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e into the. en\n-00034020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 vironment. *Not\n-00034030: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n-00034040: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n-00034050: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n-00034060: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n-00034070: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n-00034080: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00034090: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-000340a0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 k... The ...\n-000340b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 --skip-sig... op\n-000340c0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 tion skips signa\n-000340d0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 ture checking ev\n-000340e0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 en when the. \n-000340f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f value of enviro\n-00034100: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-00034110: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-00034120: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a es... is set to.\n-00034130: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 ...enforce.\n-00034140: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f .. (*note check_\n-00034150: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a signatures::)...\n-00034160: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d If one or m\n-00034170: 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ore variable nam\n-00034180: 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 es are provided \n-00034190: 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 as arguments, th\n-000341a0: 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ey are. inte\n-000341b0: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 rpreted as a whi\n-000341c0: 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 telist of variab\n-000341d0: 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d les to load from\n-000341e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-000341f0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n-00034200: 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 . Variables set\n-00034210: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 in the file but\n-00034220: 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 not present. \n-00034230: 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 in the whiteli\n-00034240: 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a st are ignored..\n-00034250: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 . The ...--s\n-00034260: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f kip-sig... optio\n-00034270: 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 n should be used\n-00034280: 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 with care, and \n-00034290: 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 should always. \n-000342a0: 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f be used in co\n-000342b0: 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 ncert with a whi\n-000342c0: 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 telist of accept\n-000342d0: 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 able variables w\n-000342e0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 hose. values\n-000342f0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 should be set. \n-00034300: 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c Failure to empl\n-00034310: 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 oy a carefully c\n-00034320: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 onstructed. \n-00034330: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 whitelist could \n-00034340: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e result in readin\n-00034350: 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 g a malicious va\n-00034360: 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 lue into critica\n-00034370: 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 l. environme\n-00034380: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f nt variables fro\n-00034390: 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 m the file, such\n-000343a0: 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 as setting. \n-000343b0: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-000343c0: 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 ures=no..., modi\n-000343d0: 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 fying ...prefix.\n-000343e0: 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 .. to boot from \n-000343f0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 an. unexpect\n-00034400: 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e ed location or n\n-00034410: 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a ot at all, etc..\n-00034420: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 . When used \n-00034430: 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d with care, ...--\n-00034440: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 skip-sig... and \n-00034450: 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e the whitelist en\n-00034460: 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d able an. adm\n-00034470: 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f inistrator to co\n-00034480: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d nfigure a system\n-00034490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 to boot only si\n-000344a0: 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 gned. config\n-000344b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f urations, but to\n-000344c0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 allow the user \n-000344d0: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 to select from a\n-000344e0: 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 mong multiple. \n-000344f0: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e configuration\n-00034500: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 s, and to enable\n-00034510: 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 \"one-shot\" boot\n-00034520: 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 attempts and. \n-00034530: 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 \"savedefault\"\n-00034540: 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 behavior. *Not\n-00034550: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00034560: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-00034570: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f r more. info\n-00034580: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-00034590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000345a0: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e de: loadfont, N\n-000345b0: 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 ext: loopback, \n-000345c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Prev: load_env, \n-000345d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000345e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000345f0: 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d .42 loadfont.---\n-00034600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00034610: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 -- Command: load\n-00034620: 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 font file .... \n-00034630: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 Load specifie\n-00034640: 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 d font files. U\n-00034650: 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 nless absolute p\n-00034660: 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e athname is given\n-00034670: 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 , FILE. is a\n-00034680: 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 ssumed to be in \n-00034690: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 directory ...$pr\n-000346a0: 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 efix/fonts... wi\n-000346b0: 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 th suffix ....pf\n-000346c0: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 2.... append\n-000346d0: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 ed. *Note Fonts\n-000346e0: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n-000346f0: 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 mat.....File: gr\n-00034700: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034710: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a loopback, Next:\n-00034720: 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 ls, Prev: load\n-00034730: 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 font, Up: Comma\n-00034740: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034750: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 ..17.4.43 loopba\n-00034760: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n-00034770: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034780: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 : loopback [-d] \n-00034790: 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 [-D] device file\n-000347a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 . Make the d\n-000347b0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 evice named DEVI\n-000347c0: 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f CE correspond to\n-000347d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-000347e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 the. filesy\n-000347f0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 stem image in FI\n-00034800: 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 LE. For example\n-00034810: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f :.. loo\n-00034820: 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 pback loop0 /pat\n-00034830: 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 h/to/image. \n-00034840: 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f ls (loop0)/\n-00034850: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e .. Specifyin\n-00034860: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f g the ...-D... o\n-00034870: 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 ption allows the\n-00034880: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 loopback file t\n-00034890: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 o be. tranpa\n-000348a0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 rently decompres\n-000348b0: 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 sed if there is \n-000348c0: 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 an appropriate d\n-000348d0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 ecompressor. \n-000348e0: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 loaded... W\n-000348f0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 ith the ...-d...\n-00034900: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 option, delete \n-00034910: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 a device previou\n-00034920: 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e sly created usin\n-00034930: 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d g this. comm\n-00034940: 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 and.....File: gr\n-00034950: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034960: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e ls, Next: lsfon\n-00034970: 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 ts, Prev: loopb\n-00034980: 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ack, Up: Comman\n-00034990: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000349a0: 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d .17.4.44 ls.----\n-000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000349c0: 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e and: ls [arg ...\n-000349d0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 ]. List devi\n-000349e0: 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 ces or files... \n-000349f0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n-00034a00: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c ments, print all\n-00034a10: 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 devices known t\n-00034a20: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 o GRUB... If\n-00034a30: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 the argument is\n-00034a40: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 a device name e\n-00034a50: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e nclosed in paren\n-00034a60: 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 theses (*note. \n-00034a70: 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 Device syntax\n-00034a80: 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 ::), then print \n-00034a90: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 the name of the \n-00034aa0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 filesystem of th\n-00034ab0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a at. device..\n-00034ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 . If the arg\n-00034ad0: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 ument is a direc\n-00034ae0: 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e tory given as an\n-00034af0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-00034b00: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ame. (*note \n-00034b10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00034b20: 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 ::), then list t\n-00034b30: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-00034b40: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f hat. directo\n-00034b50: 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ry.....File: gru\n-00034b60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-00034b70: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c sfonts, Next: l\n-00034b80: 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c smod, Prev: ls,\n-00034b90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034ba0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034bb0: 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 4.45 lsfonts.---\n-00034bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00034bd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e - Command: lsfon\n-00034be0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 ts. List loa\n-00034bf0: 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ded fonts.....Fi\n-00034c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00034c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 Node: lsmod, Ne\n-00034c20: 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 xt: md5sum, Pre\n-00034c30: 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a v: lsfonts, Up:\n-00034c40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00034c50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 mmands..17.4.46 \n-00034c60: 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsmod.----------\n-00034c70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034c80: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f : lsmod. Sho\n-00034c90: 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 w list of loaded\n-00034ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c modules.....Fil\n-00034cb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034cc0: 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: md5sum, Ne\n-00034cd0: 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 xt: module, Pre\n-00034ce0: 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: lsmod, Up: C\n-00034cf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034d00: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 ands..17.4.47 md\n-00034d10: 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5sum.-----------\n-00034d20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034d30: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e : md5sum arg ...\n-00034d40: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-00034d50: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n-00034d60: 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 h md5 arg ......\n-00034d70: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-00034d80: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-00034d90: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-00034da0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-00034db0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-00034dc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034dd0: 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 ode: module, Ne\n-00034de0: 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 xt: multiboot, \n-00034df0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 Prev: md5sum, U\n-00034e00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00034e10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00034e20: 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 module.-------\n-00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034e40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d mand: module [--\n-00034e50: 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 nounzip] file [a\n-00034e60: 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c rguments]. L\n-00034e70: 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 oad a module for\n-00034e80: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 multiboot kerne\n-00034e90: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 l image. The re\n-00034ea0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-00034eb0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n-00034ec0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f rbatim as the mo\n-00034ed0: 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e dule command lin\n-00034ee0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00034ef0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 .info, Node: mu\n-00034f00: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ltiboot, Next: \n-00034f10: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 nativedisk, Pre\n-00034f20: 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 v: module, Up: \n-00034f30: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00034f40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d mands..17.4.49 m\n-00034f50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ultiboot.-------\n-00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034f70: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f Command: multibo\n-00034f80: 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d ot [--quirk-bad-\n-00034f90: 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 kludge]. \n-00034fa0: 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c [--quirk-modul\n-00034fb0: 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d es-after-kernel]\n-00034fc0: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-00034fd0: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n-00034fe0: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f kernel image fro\n-00034ff0: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 m FILE. The res\n-00035000: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-00035010: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n-00035020: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n-00035030: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n-00035040: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 ine.... Any mod\n-00035050: 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 ule must be. \n-00035060: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n-00035070: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n-00035080: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 nd (*note module\n-00035090: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 ::)... Some \n-000350a0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f kernels have kno\n-000350b0: 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f wn problems. Yo\n-000350c0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 u need to specif\n-000350d0: 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 y -quirk-* for. \n-000350e0: 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 those. -qui\n-000350f0: 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 rk-bad-kludge is\n-00035100: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 a problem seen \n-00035110: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 in several produ\n-00035120: 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 cts. that th\n-00035130: 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 ey include loadi\n-00035140: 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d ng kludge inform\n-00035150: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c ation with inval\n-00035160: 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 id data in. \n-00035170: 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 ELF file. GRUB \n-00035180: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e prior to 0.97 an\n-00035190: 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 d some custom bu\n-000351a0: 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 ilds preferred E\n-000351b0: 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 LF. informat\n-000351c0: 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 ion while 0.97 a\n-000351d0: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c nd GRUB 2 use kl\n-000351e0: 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 udge. Use this \n-000351f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 option to. i\n-00035200: 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b gnore kludge. K\n-00035210: 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 nown affected sy\n-00035220: 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 stems: old Solar\n-00035230: 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 is, SkyOS... \n-00035240: 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d -quirk-modules-\n-00035250: 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 after-kernel is \n-00035260: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 needed for kerne\n-00035270: 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 ls which load at\n-00035280: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 . relatively\n-00035290: 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e high address e.\n-000352a0: 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 g. 16MiB mark a\n-000352b0: 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 nd can't cope wi\n-000352c0: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 th. modules \n-000352d0: 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 stuffed between \n-000352e0: 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 1MiB mark and be\n-000352f0: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b ginning of the k\n-00035300: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 ernel.. Know\n-00035310: 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 n afftected syst\n-00035320: 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a ems: VMWare.....\n-00035330: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00035340: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 Node: nativedi\n-00035350: 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 sk, Next: norma\n-00035360: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 l, Prev: multib\n-00035370: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n-00035380: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035390: 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 .17.4.50 natived\n-000353a0: 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d isk.------------\n-000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000353c0: 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a and: nativedisk.\n-000353d0: 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d Switch from\n-000353e0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 firmware disk d\n-000353f0: 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 rivers to native\n-00035400: 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 ones. Really u\n-00035410: 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 seful. only \n-00035420: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 on platforms whe\n-00035430: 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 re both firmware\n-00035440: 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b and native disk\n-00035450: 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 drives are. \n-00035460: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 available. Cur\n-00035470: 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 rently i386-pc, \n-00035480: 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 i386-efi, i386-i\n-00035490: 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 eee1275 and. \n-000354a0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a x86_64-efi.....\n-000354b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000354c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 Node: normal, \n-000354d0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Next: normal_ex\n-000354e0: 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 it, Prev: nativ\n-000354f0: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d edisk, Up: Comm\n-00035500: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00035510: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 s..17.4.51 norma\n-00035520: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n-00035530: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-00035540: 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 ormal [file]. \n-00035550: 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d Enter normal m\n-00035560: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 ode and display \n-00035570: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a the GRUB menu...\n-00035580: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d In normal m\n-00035590: 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 ode, commands, f\n-000355a0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ilesystem module\n-000355b0: 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 s, and cryptogra\n-000355c0: 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 phy. modules\n-000355d0: 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c are automatical\n-000355e0: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 ly loaded, and t\n-000355f0: 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 he full GRUB scr\n-00035600: 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 ipt parser. \n-00035610: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f is available. O\n-00035620: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 ther modules may\n-00035630: 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c be explicitly l\n-00035640: 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 oaded using. \n-00035650: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a ...insmod... (*\n-00035660: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a note insmod::)..\n-00035670: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 . If a FILE \n-00035680: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 is given, then c\n-00035690: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ommands will be \n-000356a0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 read from that f\n-000356b0: 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 ile.. Otherw\n-000356c0: 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 ise, they will b\n-000356d0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 e read from ...$\n-000356e0: 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 prefix/grub.cfg.\n-000356f0: 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e .. if it exists.\n-00035700: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c .. ...normal\n-00035710: e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 ... may be calle\n-00035720: 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f d from within no\n-00035730: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 rmal mode, creat\n-00035740: 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 ing a nested. \n-00035750: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 environment. \n-00035760: 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c It is more usual\n-00035770: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 to use ...confi\n-00035780: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a gfile... (*note.\n-00035790: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a configfile:\n-000357a0: 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a :) for this.....\n-000357b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000357c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 Node: normal_e\n-000357d0: 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 xit, Next: part\n-000357e0: 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 tool, Prev: nor\n-000357f0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mal, Up: Comman\n-00035800: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035810: 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f .17.4.52 normal_\n-00035820: 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exit.-----------\n-00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00035840: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 mmand: normal_ex\n-00035850: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 it. Exit nor\n-00035860: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n-00035870: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 normal::). If t\n-00035880: 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 his instance of \n-00035890: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 normal mode. \n-000358a0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 was not nested \n-000358b0: 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f within another o\n-000358c0: 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ne, then return \n-000358d0: 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a to rescue mode..\n-000358e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000358f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 fo, Node: partt\n-00035900: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 ool, Next: pass\n-00035910: 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 word, Prev: nor\n-00035920: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 mal_exit, Up: C\n-00035930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00035940: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 ands..17.4.53 pa\n-00035950: 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rttool.---------\n-00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00035970: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 mand: parttool p\n-00035980: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 artition command\n-00035990: 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 s. Make vari\n-000359a0: 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ous modification\n-000359b0: 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 s to partition t\n-000359c0: 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 able entries... \n-000359d0: 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 Each COMMAND\n-000359e0: 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f is either a boo\n-000359f0: 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 lean option, in \n-00035a00: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 which case it mu\n-00035a10: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f st be. follo\n-00035a20: 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 wed with ...+...\n-00035a30: 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 or ...-... (wit\n-00035a40: 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 h no intervening\n-00035a50: 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c space) to enabl\n-00035a60: 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c e or. disabl\n-00035a70: 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f e that option, o\n-00035a80: 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 r else it takes \n-00035a90: 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 a value in the f\n-00035aa0: 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d orm. ...COMM\n-00035ab0: 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 AND=VALUE...... \n-00035ac0: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 Currently, .\n-00035ad0: 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 ..parttool... is\n-00035ae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 only useful on \n-00035af0: 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 DOS partition ta\n-00035b00: 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 bles (also. \n-00035b10: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 known as Master \n-00035b20: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 Boot Record, or \n-00035b30: 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 MBR). On these p\n-00035b40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c artition tables,\n-00035b50: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 . the follow\n-00035b60: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ing commands are\n-00035b70: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 available:.. \n-00035b80: 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f ...boot... (bo\n-00035b90: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n-00035ba0: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n-00035bb0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 his makes the se\n-00035bc0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n-00035bd0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 be the active. \n-00035be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 (bootab\n-00035bf0: 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e le) partition on\n-00035c00: 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 its disk, clear\n-00035c10: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 ing the active f\n-00035c20: 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lag on. \n-00035c30: 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 all other parti\n-00035c40: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tions. This com\n-00035c50: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 mand is limited \n-00035c60: 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 to _primary_. \n-00035c70: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n-00035c80: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 s... ...type\n-00035c90: e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 ... (value). \n-00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 Change the\n-00035cb0: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 type of an exis\n-00035cc0: 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 ting partition. \n-00035cd0: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 The value must \n-00035ce0: 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e be a. n\n-00035cf0: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e umber in the ran\n-00035d00: 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 ge 0-0xFF (prefi\n-00035d10: 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 x with ...0x... \n-00035d20: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 to enter it in. \n-00035d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 hexadec\n-00035d40: 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 imal)... ...\n-00035d50: 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 hidden... (boole\n-00035d60: 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 an). Wh\n-00035d70: 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 en enabled, this\n-00035d80: 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 hides the selec\n-00035d90: 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 ted partition by\n-00035da0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 setting the. \n-00035db0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e ...hidden\n-00035dc0: e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 ... bit in its p\n-00035dd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n-00035de0: 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 de; when disable\n-00035df0: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 d,. unh\n-00035e00: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 ides the selecte\n-00035e10: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 d partition by c\n-00035e20: 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 learing this bit\n-00035e30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n-00035e40: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 useful only\n-00035e50: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f when booting DO\n-00035e60: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 S or Windows and\n-00035e70: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 multiple primar\n-00035e80: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 y. FAT \n-00035e90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 partitions exist\n-00035ea0: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 in one disk. S\n-00035eb0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ee also *note. \n-00035ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 DOS/Wind\n-00035ed0: 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ows::.....File: \n-00035ee0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00035ef0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 : password, Nex\n-00035f00: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 t: password_pbkd\n-00035f10: 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 f2, Prev: partt\n-00035f20: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ool, Up: Comman\n-00035f30: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00035f40: 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 .17.4.54 passwor\n-00035f50: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-00035f60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035f70: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 password user c\n-00035f80: 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 lear-password. \n-00035f90: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 Define a user\n-00035fa0: 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 named USER with\n-00035fb0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d password CLEAR-\n-00035fc0: 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 PASSWORD. *Note\n-00035fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a . Security::\n-00035fe0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00035ff0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 info, Node: pas\n-00036000: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e sword_pbkdf2, N\n-00036010: 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c ext: plainmount,\n-00036020: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Prev: password\n-00036030: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00036040: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00036050: 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 .4.55 password_p\n-00036060: 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bkdf2.----------\n-00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00036080: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 -- Command: pass\n-00036090: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 word_pbkdf2 user\n-000360a0: 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 hashed-password\n-000360b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 . Define a u\n-000360c0: 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 ser named USER w\n-000360d0: 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ith password has\n-000360e0: 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 h HASHED-PASSWOR\n-000360f0: 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 D. Use. ...\n-00036100: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00036110: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 kdf2... (*note I\n-00036120: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00036130: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 asswd-pbkdf2::) \n-00036140: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 to. generate\n-00036150: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 password hashes\n-00036160: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n-00036170: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00036180: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00036190: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 plainmount, Nex\n-000361a0: 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: play, Prev: \n-000361b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c password_pbkdf2,\n-000361c0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000361d0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000361e0: 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 4.56 plainmount.\n-000361f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036200: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00036210: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 plainmount devi\n-00036220: 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 ce -c cipher -s \n-00036230: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 key size [-h has\n-00036240: 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 h]. [...-S..\n-00036250: 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b . sector size] [\n-00036260: e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ...-p... passwor\n-00036270: 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 d] [...-u... uui\n-00036280: 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 d] [[...-d... ke\n-00036290: 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 yfile]. [...\n-000362a0: 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 -O... keyfile of\n-000362b0: 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 fset]].. Set\n-000362c0: 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 up access to the\n-000362d0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n-000362e0: 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e e in plain mode.\n-000362f0: 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a Offset of the.\n-00036300: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n-00036310: 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ata at the devic\n-00036320: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 e is specified i\n-00036330: 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 n terms of 512 b\n-00036340: 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 yte. sectors\n-00036350: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b using the block\n-00036360: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 list syntax and \n-00036370: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e loopback device.\n-00036380: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f The. follo\n-00036390: 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f wing example sho\n-000363a0: 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 ws how to specif\n-000363b0: 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a y 1MiB offset:..\n-000363c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 loopba\n-000363d0: 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 ck node (hd0,gpt\n-000363e0: 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 1)2048+. \n-000363f0: 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 plainmount nod\n-00036400: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e ..... The \n-00036410: e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...plainmount...\n-00036420: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 command can be \n-00036430: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b used to open LUK\n-00036440: 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 S encrypted volu\n-00036450: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d me. if its m\n-00036460: 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 aster key and pa\n-00036470: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 rameters (key si\n-00036480: 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 ze, cipher, offs\n-00036490: 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 et, etc). ar\n-000364a0: 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 e known... T\n-000364b0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 here are two way\n-000364c0: 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 s to specify a p\n-000364d0: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 assword: a keyfi\n-000364e0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a le and a secret.\n-000364f0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e passphrase.\n-00036500: 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 The keyfile pa\n-00036510: 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 th parameter has\n-00036520: 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 higher priority\n-00036530: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 than. the s\n-00036540: 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ecret passphrase\n-00036550: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 parameter and i\n-00036560: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 s specified with\n-00036570: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 the option. \n-00036580: 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 ...-d.... Pass\n-00036590: 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e word data obtain\n-000365a0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 ed from keyfiles\n-000365b0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 is not hashed a\n-000365c0: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 nd is. used \n-000365d0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 directly as a ci\n-000365e0: 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 pher key. An op\n-000365f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 tional offset of\n-00036600: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 password data. \n-00036610: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 in the keyfi\n-00036620: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 le can be specif\n-00036630: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 ied with the opt\n-00036640: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 ion ...-O... or \n-00036650: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 directly. wi\n-00036660: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 th the option ..\n-00036670: 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 .-d... and GRUB \n-00036680: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 blocklist syntax\n-00036690: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 , if the keyfile\n-000366a0: 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 data. can b\n-000366b0: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 e accessed from \n-000366c0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 a device and is \n-000366d0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 512 byte aligned\n-000366e0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c . The. foll\n-000366f0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 owing example sh\n-00036700: 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 ows both methods\n-00036710: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 to specify pass\n-00036720: 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 word data in. \n-00036730: 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 the keyfile at\n-00036740: 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 offset 1MiB:.. \n-00036750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n-00036760: 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 unt -d (hd0,gpt1\n-00036770: 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 )2048+ .... \n-00036780: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n-00036790: 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d -d (hd0,gpt1)+ -\n-000367a0: 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 O 1048576 ..... \n-000367b0: 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c If no keyfil\n-000367c0: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 e is specified t\n-000367d0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 hen the password\n-000367e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 is set to the s\n-000367f0: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 tring. speci\n-00036800: 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 fied by option .\n-00036810: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 ..-p... or is re\n-00036820: 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 quested interact\n-00036830: 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 ively from the. \n-00036840: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e console. In\n-00036850: 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 both cases the \n-00036860: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 provided passwor\n-00036870: 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 d is hashed with\n-00036880: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 the. algori\n-00036890: 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 thm specified by\n-000368a0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-000368b0: 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 h.... This opti\n-000368c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a on is mandatory.\n-000368d0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 if no keyfi\n-000368e0: 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c le is specified,\n-000368f0: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 but it can be s\n-00036900: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 et to ...plain..\n-00036910: 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 . which. mea\n-00036920: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 ns that no hashi\n-00036930: 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 ng is done and s\n-00036940: 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 uch password is \n-00036950: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 used directly as\n-00036960: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 . a key... \n-00036970: 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 Cipher ...-c.\n-00036980: 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 .. and keysize .\n-00036990: 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ..-s... options \n-000369a0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 specify the ciph\n-000369b0: 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 er algorithm. \n-000369c0: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 and the key si\n-000369d0: 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 ze respectively \n-000369e0: 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 and are mandator\n-000369f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 y options. Ciph\n-00036a00: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 er. must be \n-00036a10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n-00036a20: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 he mode separate\n-00036a30: 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 d by a dash (for\n-00036a40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 example,. .\n-00036a50: 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 ..aes-xts-plain6\n-00036a60: 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 4...). Key size\n-00036a70: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 option ...-s...\n-00036a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 is the key size\n-00036a90: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 of the. cip\n-00036aa0: 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 her in bits, not\n-00036ab0: 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 to be confused \n-00036ac0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 with the offset \n-00036ad0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a of the key data.\n-00036ae0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c in a keyfil\n-00036af0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n-00036b00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 the ...-O... op\n-00036b10: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e tion. It must n\n-00036b20: 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 ot exceed. 1\n-00036b30: 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 024 bits, so a 3\n-00036b40: 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2 byte key would\n-00036b50: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 be specified as\n-00036b60: 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 256 bits.. \n-00036b70: 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 The optional par\n-00036b80: 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 ameter ...-S... \n-00036b90: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 specifies encryp\n-00036ba0: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f ted device secto\n-00036bb0: 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 r size.. It \n-00036bc0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 must be at least\n-00036bd0: 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 512 bytes long \n-00036be0: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 (default value) \n-00036bf0: 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 and a power of. \n-00036c00: 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 2. (1) (*n\n-00036c10: 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 ote plainmount-F\n-00036c20: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 ootnote-1::). D\n-00036c30: 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 isk sector size \n-00036c40: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 is. configur\n-00036c50: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 ed when creating\n-00036c60: 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 the encrypted v\n-00036c70: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 olume. Attempti\n-00036c80: 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 ng to. decry\n-00036c90: 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 pt volumes with \n-00036ca0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 a different sect\n-00036cb0: 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 or size than it \n-00036cc0: 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 was created. \n-00036cd0: 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 with will not r\n-00036ce0: 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f esult in an erro\n-00036cf0: 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 r, but will decr\n-00036d00: 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 ypt to random by\n-00036d10: 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 tes. and thu\n-00036d20: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 s prevent access\n-00036d30: 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 ing the volume (\n-00036d40: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 in some cases th\n-00036d50: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n-00036d60: 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 driver can det\n-00036d70: 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 ect the presence\n-00036d80: 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d of a filesystem\n-00036d90: 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 , but neverthele\n-00036da0: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 ss. will ref\n-00036db0: 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 use to mount it)\n-00036dc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-00036dd0: 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e lt new plainmoun\n-00036de0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 t devices will b\n-00036df0: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 e given a UUID s\n-00036e00: 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 tarting. wit\n-00036e10: 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 h '109fea84-a6b7\n-00036e20: 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 -34a8-4bd1-1c506\n-00036e30: 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 305a401' where t\n-00036e40: 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 he last digits. \n-00036e50: 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e are incremen\n-00036e60: 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 ted by one for e\n-00036e70: 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 ach plainmounted\n-00036e80: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 device beyond t\n-00036e90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 he. first up\n-00036ea0: 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 to 2^10 devices\n-00036eb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 ... All encr\n-00036ec0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 yption arguments\n-00036ed0: 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 (cipher, hash, \n-00036ee0: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f key size, disk o\n-00036ef0: 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 ffset and. d\n-00036f00: 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 isk sector size)\n-00036f10: 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 must match the \n-00036f20: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 parameters used \n-00036f30: 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 to create the. \n-00036f40: 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 volume. If a\n-00036f50: 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 ny of them does \n-00036f60: 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 not match the ac\n-00036f70: 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 tual arguments u\n-00036f80: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 sed. during \n-00036f90: 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 the initial encr\n-00036fa0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 yption, plainmou\n-00036fb0: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 nt will create v\n-00036fc0: 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 irtual. devi\n-00036fd0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 ce with the garb\n-00036fe0: 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 age data and GRU\n-00036ff0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e B will report un\n-00037000: 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 known. files\n-00037010: 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 ystem for such d\n-00037020: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 evice.....File: \n-00037030: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037040: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f : plainmount-Foo\n-00037050: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 tnotes, Up: pla\n-00037060: 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 inmount.. (1) \n-00037070: 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e Current implemen\n-00037080: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 tation of crypts\n-00037090: 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e etup supports on\n-000370a0: 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 ly.512/1024/2048\n-000370b0: 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f /4096 byte secto\n-000370c0: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n-000370d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n-000370e0: 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 ay, Next: probe\n-000370f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f , Prev: plainmo\n-00037100: 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e unt, Up: Comman\n-00037110: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037120: 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d .17.4.57 play.--\n-00037130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037140: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 Command: play fi\n-00037150: 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 le | tempo [pitc\n-00037160: 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 h1 duration1] [p\n-00037170: 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d itch2 duration2]\n-00037180: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 .... Plays \n-00037190: 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 a tune.. If \n-000371a0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 the argument is \n-000371b0: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f a file name (*no\n-000371c0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-000371d0: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 tax::), play the\n-000371e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 . tune recor\n-000371f0: 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 ded in it. The \n-00037200: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 file format is f\n-00037210: 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 irst the tempo a\n-00037220: 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e s an. unsign\n-00037230: 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d ed 32bit little-\n-00037240: 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 endian number, t\n-00037250: 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 hen pairs of uns\n-00037260: 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 igned 16bit. \n-00037270: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e little-endian n\n-00037280: 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 umbers for pitch\n-00037290: 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 and duration pa\n-000372a0: 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 irs... If th\n-000372b0: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 e arguments are \n-000372c0: 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 a series of numb\n-000372d0: 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e ers, play the in\n-000372e0: 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 line tune... \n-000372f0: 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 The tempo is th\n-00037300: 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e e base for all n\n-00037310: 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 ote durations. \n-00037320: 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 60 gives a 1-sec\n-00037330: 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 ond. base, 1\n-00037340: 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 20 gives a half-\n-00037350: 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 second base, etc\n-00037360: 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 . Pitches are H\n-00037370: 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 z. Set. pit\n-00037380: 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 ch to 0 to produ\n-00037390: 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ce a rest.....Fi\n-000373a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000373b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 Node: probe, Ne\n-000373c0: 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 xt: rdmsr, Prev\n-000373d0: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : play, Up: Com\n-000373e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000373f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 ds..17.4.58 prob\n-00037400: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n-00037410: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 . -- Command: pr\n-00037420: 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a obe [--set var].\n-00037430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 --driv\n-00037440: 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 er|--partmap|--f\n-00037450: 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 s|--fs-uuid|--la\n-00037460: 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 bel|--part-uuid \n-00037470: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 device. Retr\n-00037480: 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f ieve device info\n-00037490: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 rmation. If opt\n-000374a0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 ion ...--set... \n-000374b0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e is given, assign\n-000374c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 . result to \n-000374d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 variable VAR, ot\n-000374e0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e herwise print in\n-000374f0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-00037500: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 screen... T\n-00037510: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 he option ...--p\n-00037520: 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 art-uuid... is c\n-00037530: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d urrently only im\n-00037540: 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 plemented for MS\n-00037550: 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 DOS. and GPT\n-00037560: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 formatted disks\n-00037570: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037580: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d info, Node: rdm\n-00037590: 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c sr, Next: read,\n-000375a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 Prev: probe, \n-000375b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000375c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000375d0: 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 59 rdmsr.-------\n-000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000375f0: 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: rdmsr 0xAD\n-00037600: 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a DR [-v VARNAME].\n-00037610: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 Read a mode\n-00037620: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n-00037630: 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 ter at address 0\n-00037640: 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 xADDR. If the pa\n-00037650: 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 rameter. ...\n-00037660: 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e -v... is used an\n-00037670: 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 d an environment\n-00037680: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d variable VARNAM\n-00037690: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 E is given, set \n-000376a0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f that. enviro\n-000376b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 nment variable t\n-000376c0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 o the value that\n-000376d0: 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 was read... \n-000376e0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 Please note tha\n-000376f0: 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 t on SMP systems\n-00037700: 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 , reading from a\n-00037710: 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a MSR that has a.\n-00037720: 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 scope per h\n-00037730: 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 ardware thread, \n-00037740: 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 implies that the\n-00037750: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 value that is r\n-00037760: 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c eturned. onl\n-00037770: 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 y applies to the\n-00037780: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f particular cpu/\n-00037790: 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 core/thread that\n-000377a0: 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 runs the. c\n-000377b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c ommand... Al\n-000377c0: 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 so, if you speci\n-000377d0: 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 fy a reserved or\n-000377e0: 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d unimplemented M\n-000377f0: 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 SR address, it. \n-00037800: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 will cause a\n-00037810: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 general protect\n-00037820: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 ion exception (w\n-00037830: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 hich is not curr\n-00037840: 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 ently. being\n-00037850: 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 handled) and th\n-00037860: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 e system will re\n-00037870: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-00037880: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00037890: 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 read, Next: re\n-000378a0: 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d boot, Prev: rdm\n-000378b0: 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sr, Up: Command\n-000378c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000378d0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.60 read.---\n-000378e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000378f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 ommand: read [-s\n-00037900: 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ] [var]. Rea\n-00037910: 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 d a line of inpu\n-00037920: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e t from the user.\n-00037930: 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d If an environm\n-00037940: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 ent variable VAR\n-00037950: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 . is given, \n-00037960: 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e set that environ\n-00037970: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f ment variable to\n-00037980: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 the line of inp\n-00037990: 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 ut that. was\n-000379a0: 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 read, with no t\n-000379b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 erminating newli\n-000379c0: 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 ne. If the para\n-000379d0: 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 meter ...-s... i\n-000379e0: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 s. used, ena\n-000379f0: 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 ble silent mode \n-00037a00: 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e where input is n\n-00037a10: 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 ot printed to th\n-00037a20: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e e. terminal.\n-00037a30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037a40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f nfo, Node: rebo\n-00037a50: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 ot, Next: regex\n-00037a60: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 p, Prev: read, \n-00037a70: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037a80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00037a90: 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .61 reboot.-----\n-00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 ommand: reboot. \n-00037ac0: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 Reboot the c\n-00037ad0: 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 omputer.....File\n-00037ae0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037af0: 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 de: regexp, Nex\n-00037b00: 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: rmmod, Prev:\n-00037b10: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f reboot, Up: Co\n-00037b20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037b30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 nds..17.4.62 reg\n-00037b40: 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exp.------------\n-00037b50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00037b60: 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b regexp [--set [\n-00037b70: 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 number:]var] reg\n-00037b80: 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 exp string. \n-00037b90: 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 Test if regular \n-00037ba0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 expression REGEX\n-00037bb0: 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 P matches STRING\n-00037bc0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 . Supported. \n-00037bd0: 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 regular expres\n-00037be0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e sions are POSIX.\n-00037bf0: 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 2 Extended Regul\n-00037c00: 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 ar Expressions. \n-00037c10: 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If. option \n-00037c20: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 ...--set... is g\n-00037c30: 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 iven, store NUMB\n-00037c40: 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 ERth matched sub\n-00037c50: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 expression in. \n-00037c60: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e variable VAR.\n-00037c70: 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 Subexpressions\n-00037c80: 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e are numbered in\n-00037c90: 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a order of their.\n-00037ca0: 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 opening par\n-00037cb0: 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e entheses startin\n-00037cc0: 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 g from ...1.... \n-00037cd0: 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 NUMBER defaults\n-00037ce0: 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a to ...1........\n-00037cf0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037d00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: rmmod, \n-00037d10: 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: save_env, \n-00037d20: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Prev: regexp, \n-00037d30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00037d40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00037d50: 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 63 rmmod.-------\n-00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00037d70: 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c and: rmmod modul\n-00037d80: 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 e. Remove a \n-00037d90: 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a loaded MODULE...\n-00037da0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037db0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 o, Node: save_e\n-00037dc0: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 nv, Next: searc\n-00037dd0: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c h, Prev: rmmod,\n-00037de0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00037df0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00037e00: 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.64 save_env.--\n-00037e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00037e20: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 -- Command: sav\n-00037e30: 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 e_env [--file fi\n-00037e40: 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 le] var .... \n-00037e50: 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 Save the named \n-00037e60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 variables from t\n-00037e70: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 he environment t\n-00037e80: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e o the environmen\n-00037e90: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c t. block fil\n-00037ea0: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f e. *Note Enviro\n-00037eb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n-00037ec0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n-00037ed0: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n-00037ee0: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n-00037ef0: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n-00037f00: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00037f10: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ent block... \n-00037f20: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 This command wi\n-00037f30: 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 ll operate succe\n-00037f40: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 ssfully even whe\n-00037f50: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 n environment. \n-00037f60: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 variable ...c\n-00037f70: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-00037f80: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n-00037f90: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 enforce... (*not\n-00037fa0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 e. check_sig\n-00037fb0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 natures::), sinc\n-00037fc0: 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 e it writes to d\n-00037fd0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 isk and does not\n-00037fe0: 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 alter the. \n-00037ff0: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 behavior of GRUB\n-00038000: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f based on any co\n-00038010: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 ntents of disk t\n-00038020: 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 hat have been re\n-00038030: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 ad.. It is p\n-00038040: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 ossible to modif\n-00038050: 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 y a digitally si\n-00038060: 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 gned environment\n-00038070: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 block file. \n-00038080: 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 from within GRU\n-00038090: 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d B using this com\n-000380a0: 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 mand, such that \n-000380b0: 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 its signature wi\n-000380c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 ll. no longe\n-000380d0: 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 r be valid on su\n-000380e0: 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 bsequent boots. \n-000380f0: 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 Care should be \n-00038100: 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 taken in. su\n-00038110: 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 ch advanced conf\n-00038120: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 igurations to av\n-00038130: 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 oid rendering th\n-00038140: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e e system. un\n-00038150: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 bootable. *Note\n-00038160: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00038170: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n-00038180: 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 more. infor\n-00038190: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-000381a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000381b0: 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 e: search, Next\n-000381c0: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 : sendkey, Prev\n-000381d0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : save_env, Up:\n-000381e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000381f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 mmands..17.4.65 \n-00038200: 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d search.---------\n-00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00038220: 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 nd: search [--fi\n-00038230: 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d le|--label|--fs-\n-00038240: 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 uuid] [--set [va\n-00038250: 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d r]]. [-\n-00038260: 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 -no-floppy|--efi\n-00038270: 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a disk-only] name.\n-00038280: 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 Search devi\n-00038290: 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 ces by file (...\n-000382a0: 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 -f..., ...--file\n-000382b0: e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ...), filesystem\n-000382c0: 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 label (...-l...\n-000382d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 ,. ...--labe\n-000382e0: 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 l...), or filesy\n-000382f0: 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 stem UUID (...-u\n-00038300: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 ..., ...--fs-uui\n-00038310: 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 d...)... If \n-00038320: 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 the (...-s..., .\n-00038330: 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 ..--set...) opti\n-00038340: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 on is used, the \n-00038350: 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 first device fou\n-00038360: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 nd is. set a\n-00038370: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 s the value of e\n-00038380: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00038390: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ble VAR. The de\n-000383a0: 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 fault variable. \n-000383b0: 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 is ...root..\n-000383c0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 .... The (..\n-000383d0: 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d .-n..., ...--no-\n-000383e0: 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f floppy...) optio\n-000383f0: 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 n prevents searc\n-00038400: 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 hing floppy devi\n-00038410: 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 ces,. which \n-00038420: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 can be slow... \n-00038430: 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 The (...--efi\n-00038440: 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 disk-only...) op\n-00038450: 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 tion prevents se\n-00038460: 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 arching any othe\n-00038470: 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 r devices. t\n-00038480: 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 hen EFI disks. \n-00038490: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c This is typicall\n-000384a0: 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 y used when chai\n-000384b0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 nloading to loca\n-000384c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 l. EFI parti\n-000384d0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tion... The \n-000384e0: e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 ...search.file..\n-000384f0: 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f ., ...search.fs_\n-00038500: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 label..., and ..\n-00038510: 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 .search.fs_uuid.\n-00038520: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 .. commands. \n-00038530: 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 are aliases for\n-00038540: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c ...search --fil\n-00038550: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 e..., ...search \n-00038560: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 --label..., and \n-00038570: e280 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d ...search. -\n-00038580: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 -fs-uuid... resp\n-00038590: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ectively... \n-000385a0: 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f Also hints as to\n-000385b0: 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 which device ma\n-000385c0: 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 y be the most li\n-000385d0: 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 kely to contain \n-000385e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 the. item se\n-000385f0: 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 arched for may b\n-00038600: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 e given via the \n-00038610: 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-h..., ...--\n-00038620: 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hint...) option \n-00038630: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 with. a devi\n-00038640: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 ce name as an ar\n-00038650: 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 gument. If the \n-00038660: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 argument ends wi\n-00038670: 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 th a comma,. \n-00038680: 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 then partitions\n-00038690: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 on the device a\n-000386a0: 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 re also searched\n-000386b0: 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a . Furthermore,.\n-000386c0: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 platform sp\n-000386d0: 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 ecific hints may\n-000386e0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 be given via th\n-000386f0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 e options. .\n-00038700: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 ..--hint-ieee127\n-00038710: 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 5..., ...--hint-\n-00038720: 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 bios..., ...--hi\n-00038730: 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c nt-baremetal...,\n-00038740: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 ...--hint-efi..\n-00038750: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d .,. and ...-\n-00038760: 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 -hint-arc.... W\n-00038770: 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 hen specified, t\n-00038780: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b hese options tak\n-00038790: 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 e an argument. \n-000387a0: 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c and operate l\n-000387b0: 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 ike ...--hint...\n-000387c0: 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 , but only on th\n-000387d0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 e specified plat\n-000387e0: 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 form.....File: g\n-000387f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00038800: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a sendkey, Next:\n-00038810: 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 set, Prev: sea\n-00038820: 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e rch, Up: Comman\n-00038830: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00038840: 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 .17.4.66 sendkey\n-00038850: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00038860: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-00038870: 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey. \n-00038880: 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d [--num|--caps|-\n-00038890: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 -scroll|--insert\n-000388a0: 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d |--pause|--left-\n-000388b0: 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 shift|--right-sh\n-000388c0: 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 ift|--sysrq|--nu\n-000388d0: 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d mkey|--capskey|-\n-000388e0: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 -scrollkey|--ins\n-000388f0: 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c ertkey|--left-al\n-00038900: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d t|--right-alt|--\n-00038910: 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 left-ctrl|--righ\n-00038920: 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t-ctrl. \n-00038930: 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d on|off]... [no-\n-00038940: 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 led] keystroke. \n-00038950: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 Insert keyst\n-00038960: 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b rokes into the k\n-00038970: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 eyboard buffer w\n-00038980: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f hen booting. So\n-00038990: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 metimes. an \n-000389a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000389b0: 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 or chainloaded \n-000389c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 boot loader requ\n-000389d0: 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a ires particular.\n-000389e0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 keys to be \n-000389f0: 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 pressed: for exa\n-00038a00: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 mple, one might \n-00038a10: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a need to press a.\n-00038a20: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 particular \n-00038a30: 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 key to enter \"sa\n-00038a40: 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 fe mode\", or whe\n-00038a50: 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 n chainloading a\n-00038a60: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 nother. boot\n-00038a70: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 loader one migh\n-00038a80: 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 t send keystroke\n-00038a90: 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 s to it to navig\n-00038aa0: 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 ate its menu... \n-00038ab0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 Note: This c\n-00038ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e ommand is curren\n-00038ad0: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 tly only availab\n-00038ae0: 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 le on the i386-p\n-00038af0: 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a c. target...\n-00038b00: 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f You may pro\n-00038b10: 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 vide up to 16 ke\n-00038b20: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 ystrokes (the le\n-00038b30: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 ngth of the BIOS\n-00038b40: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 . keyboard b\n-00038b50: 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f uffer). Keystro\n-00038b60: 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 ke names may be \n-00038b70: 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f upper-case or lo\n-00038b80: 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 wer-case. le\n-00038b90: 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f tters, digits, o\n-00038ba0: 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 r taken from the\n-00038bb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n-00038bc0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 :.. Name \n+0002da60: 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 Write valu\n+0002da70: 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 es to model-spec\n+0002da80: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a ific registers..\n+0002da90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002daa0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 o, Node: [, Ne\n+0002dab0: 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 xt: acpi, Up: C\n+0002dac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002dad0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d ands..17.4.1 [.-\n+0002dae0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002daf0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 mand: [ expressi\n+0002db00: 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 on ]. Alias \n+0002db10: 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 for ...test EXPR\n+0002db20: 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ESSION... (*note\n+0002db30: 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c test::).....Fil\n+0002db40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002db50: 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: acpi, Next\n+0002db60: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 : authenticate, \n+0002db70: 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 Prev: [, Up: C\n+0002db80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002db90: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 ands..17.4.2 acp\n+0002dba0: 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 i.-----------.. \n+0002dbb0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 -- Command: acpi\n+0002dbc0: 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c [-1|-2] [--excl\n+0002dbd0: 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d ude=table1,...|-\n+0002dbe0: 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 -load-only=table\n+0002dbf0: 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1,...]. \n+0002dc00: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d [--oemid=id] [-\n+0002dc10: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d -oemtable=table]\n+0002dc20: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d [--oemtablerev=\n+0002dc30: 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b rev]. [\n+0002dc40: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f --oemtablecreato\n+0002dc50: 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 r=creator] [--oe\n+0002dc60: 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 mtablecreatorrev\n+0002dc70: 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =rev]. \n+0002dc80: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 [--no-ebda] file\n+0002dc90: 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f name .... Mo\n+0002dca0: 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d dern BIOS system\n+0002dcb0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 s normally imple\n+0002dcc0: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 ment the Advance\n+0002dcd0: 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a d Configuration.\n+0002dce0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 and Power I\n+0002dcf0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c nterface (ACPI),\n+0002dd00: 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 and define vari\n+0002dd10: 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 ous tables that \n+0002dd20: 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 describe. th\n+0002dd30: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 e interface betw\n+0002dd40: 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 een an ACPI-comp\n+0002dd50: 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 liant operating \n+0002dd60: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 system and the. \n+0002dd70: 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 firmware. I\n+0002dd80: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n some cases, th\n+0002dd90: 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 e tables provide\n+0002dda0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c d by default onl\n+0002ddb0: 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c y work. well\n+0002ddc0: 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 with certain op\n+0002ddd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n+0002dde0: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e and it may be n\n+0002ddf0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ecessary to. \n+0002de00: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 replace some of\n+0002de10: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 them... Nor\n+0002de20: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d mally, this comm\n+0002de30: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 and will replace\n+0002de40: 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d the Root System\n+0002de50: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 Description. \n+0002de60: 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 Pointer (RSDP)\n+0002de70: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 in the Extended\n+0002de80: 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 BIOS Data Area \n+0002de90: 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 to point to the \n+0002dea0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e new. tables.\n+0002deb0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f If the ...--no\n+0002dec0: 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -ebda... option \n+0002ded0: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 is used, the new\n+0002dee0: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a tables will be.\n+0002def0: 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 known only \n+0002df00: 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 to GRUB, but may\n+0002df10: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 be used by GRUB\n+0002df20: 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 's EFI emulation\n+0002df30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n+0002df40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n+0002df50: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n+0002df60: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n+0002df70: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n+0002df80: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 ockdown::). Oth\n+0002df90: 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b erwise an attack\n+0002dfa0: 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 er can instruct \n+0002dfb0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 the GRUB to load\n+0002dfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 . an SSDT ta\n+0002dfd0: 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 ble to overwrite\n+0002dfe0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b the kernel lock\n+0002dff0: 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 down configurati\n+0002e000: 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 on and. late\n+0002e010: 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 r load and execu\n+0002e020: 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 te unsigned code\n+0002e030: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002e040: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 info, Node: aut\n+0002e050: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 henticate, Next\n+0002e060: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n+0002e070: 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c or, Prev: acpi,\n+0002e080: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e090: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e0a0: 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 4.3 authenticate\n+0002e0b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002e0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002e0d0: 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 d: authenticate \n+0002e0e0: 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 [userlist]. \n+0002e0f0: 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 Check whether us\n+0002e100: 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 er is in USERLIS\n+0002e110: 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 T or listed in t\n+0002e120: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n+0002e130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 variable ...sup\n+0002e140: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 erusers.... See\n+0002e150: 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 *note superuser\n+0002e160: 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 s:: for valid us\n+0002e170: 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 er list. for\n+0002e180: 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 mat. If ...supe\n+0002e190: 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 rusers... is emp\n+0002e1a0: 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ty, this command\n+0002e1b0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 returns true.. \n+0002e1c0: 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 *Note Securi\n+0002e1d0: 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ty::.....File: g\n+0002e1e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e1f0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n+0002e200: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 r, Next: backgr\n+0002e210: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 ound_image, Pre\n+0002e220: 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c v: authenticate,\n+0002e230: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e240: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e250: 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 4.4 background_c\n+0002e260: 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olor.-----------\n+0002e270: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e280: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+0002e290: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f round_color colo\n+0002e2a0: 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 r. Set backg\n+0002e2b0: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 round color for \n+0002e2c0: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e active terminal.\n+0002e2d0: 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f For valid colo\n+0002e2e0: 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 r. specifica\n+0002e2f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 tions see *note \n+0002e300: 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Colors: Theme fi\n+0002e310: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b le format. Back\n+0002e320: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f ground. colo\n+0002e330: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 r can be changed\n+0002e340: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+0002e350: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 ...gfxterm... f\n+0002e360: 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 or terminal outp\n+0002e370: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ut... This c\n+0002e380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f ommand sets colo\n+0002e390: 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 r of empty areas\n+0002e3a0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 without text. \n+0002e3b0: 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 Text. backgr\n+0002e3c0: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f ound color is co\n+0002e3d0: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 ntrolled by envi\n+0002e3e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0002e3f0: 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 s. COLOR_NOR\n+0002e400: 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c MAL, COLOR_HIGHL\n+0002e410: 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 IGHT, MENU_COLOR\n+0002e420: 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 _NORMAL,. ME\n+0002e430: 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 NU_COLOR_HIGHLIG\n+0002e440: 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 HT. *Note Speci\n+0002e450: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+0002e460: 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ariables::.....F\n+0002e470: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e480: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Node: backgroun\n+0002e490: 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_image, Next: \n+0002e4a0: 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 badram, Prev: b\n+0002e4b0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c ackground_color,\n+0002e4c0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002e4d0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002e4e0: 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 4.5 background_i\n+0002e4f0: 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mage.-----------\n+0002e500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e510: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+0002e520: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d round_image [[--\n+0002e530: 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 mode stretch|nor\n+0002e540: 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 mal] file]. \n+0002e550: 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Load background \n+0002e560: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 image for active\n+0002e570: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 terminal from F\n+0002e580: 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 ILE. Image is. \n+0002e590: 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f stretched to\n+0002e5a0: 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 fill up entire \n+0002e5b0: 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 screen unless op\n+0002e5c0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 tion ...--mode..\n+0002e5d0: 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 . ...normal.... \n+0002e5e0: 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 is given. W\n+0002e5f0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ithout arguments\n+0002e600: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c remove currentl\n+0002e610: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f y loaded backgro\n+0002e620: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 und. image. \n+0002e630: 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 Background imag\n+0002e640: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 e can be changed\n+0002e650: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+0002e660: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 ...gfxterm.... \n+0002e670: 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c for terminal\n+0002e680: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n+0002e690: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002e6a0: 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 de: badram, Nex\n+0002e6b0: 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 t: blocklist, P\n+0002e6c0: 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f rev: background_\n+0002e6d0: 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d image, Up: Comm\n+0002e6e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002e6f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d s..17.4.6 badram\n+0002e700: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0002e710: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 -- Command: bad\n+0002e720: 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 ram addr,mask[,a\n+0002e730: 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 ddr,mask...]. \n+0002e740: 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 Filter out bad\n+0002e750: 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 RAM... This\n+0002e760: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n+0002e770: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n+0002e780: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n+0002e790: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n+0002e7a0: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n+0002e7b0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n+0002e7c0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 (usually, becau\n+0002e7d0: 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 se they're damag\n+0002e7e0: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 ed).. This r\n+0002e7f0: 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 emains in effect\n+0002e800: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 after a payload\n+0002e810: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e kernel has been\n+0002e820: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 loaded by. \n+0002e830: 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 GRUB, as long as\n+0002e840: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e the loaded kern\n+0002e850: 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d el obtains its m\n+0002e860: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 emory map from. \n+0002e870: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 GRUB. Kerne\n+0002e880: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ls that support \n+0002e890: 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e this include Lin\n+0002e8a0: 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 ux, GNU Mach, th\n+0002e8b0: 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 e. kernel of\n+0002e8c0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c FreeBSD and Mul\n+0002e8d0: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 tiboot kernels i\n+0002e8e0: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 n general... \n+0002e8f0: 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 Syntax is the s\n+0002e900: 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ame as provided \n+0002e910: 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 by the Memtest86\n+0002e920: 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 + utility. (\n+0002e930: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 http://www.memte\n+0002e940: 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 st.org/): a list\n+0002e950: 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b of address/mask\n+0002e960: 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 pairs. Given a\n+0002e970: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e . page-align\n+0002e980: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 ed address and a\n+0002e990: 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 base address / \n+0002e9a0: 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c mask pair, if al\n+0002e9b0: 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 l the. bits \n+0002e9c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 of the page-alig\n+0002e9d0: 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 ned address that\n+0002e9e0: 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 are enabled by \n+0002e9f0: 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 the mask match. \n+0002ea00: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 with the bas\n+0002ea10: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 e address, it me\n+0002ea20: 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 ans this page is\n+0002ea30: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e to be filtered.\n+0002ea40: 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 This. synt\n+0002ea50: 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 ax makes it easy\n+0002ea60: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 to represent pa\n+0002ea70: 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 tterns that are \n+0002ea80: 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a often result of.\n+0002ea90: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 memory dama\n+0002eaa0: 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 ge, due to physi\n+0002eab0: 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e cal distribution\n+0002eac0: 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 of memory cells\n+0002ead0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ... The comm\n+0002eae0: 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 and is similar t\n+0002eaf0: 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 o ...cutmem... c\n+0002eb00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n+0002eb10: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0002eb20: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0002eb30: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0002eb40: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0002eb50: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0002eb60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n+0002eb70: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n+0002eb80: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n+0002eb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n+0002eba0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n+0002ebb0: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n+0002ebc0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002ebd0: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n+0002ebe0: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n+0002ebf0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002ec00: 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e e: blocklist, N\n+0002ec10: 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: boot, Prev\n+0002ec20: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : badram, Up: C\n+0002ec30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002ec40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f ands..17.4.7 blo\n+0002ec50: 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cklist.---------\n+0002ec60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ec70: 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 mand: blocklist \n+0002ec80: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 file. Print \n+0002ec90: 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e a block list (*n\n+0002eca0: 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 ote Block list s\n+0002ecb0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c yntax::) for FIL\n+0002ecc0: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+0002ecd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f .info, Node: bo\n+0002ece0: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 ot, Next: cat, \n+0002ecf0: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Prev: blocklist\n+0002ed00: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002ed10: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002ed20: 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.8 boot.------\n+0002ed30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002ed40: 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f nd: boot. Bo\n+0002ed50: 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 ot the OS or cha\n+0002ed60: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 in-loader which \n+0002ed70: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e has been loaded.\n+0002ed80: 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 Only necessary\n+0002ed90: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 . if running\n+0002eda0: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 the fully inter\n+0002edb0: 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c active command-l\n+0002edc0: 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 ine (it is impli\n+0002edd0: 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 cit at. the \n+0002ede0: 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e end of a menu en\n+0002edf0: 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 try).....File: g\n+0002ee00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ee10: 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 cat, Next: cle\n+0002ee20: 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c ar, Prev: boot,\n+0002ee30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002ee40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002ee50: 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.9 cat.--------\n+0002ee60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002ee70: 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c cat [--dos] fil\n+0002ee80: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 e. Display t\n+0002ee90: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n+0002eea0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 he file FILE. T\n+0002eeb0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 his command may \n+0002eec0: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 be useful. t\n+0002eed0: 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 o remind you of \n+0002eee0: 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 your OS's root p\n+0002eef0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition:.. \n+0002ef00: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f grub> cat /\n+0002ef10: 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 etc/fstab.. \n+0002ef20: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 If the ...--dos.\n+0002ef30: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n+0002ef40: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 d, then carriage\n+0002ef50: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 return / new li\n+0002ef60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 ne. pairs wi\n+0002ef70: 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 ll be displayed \n+0002ef80: 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 as a simple new \n+0002ef90: 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 line. Otherwise\n+0002efa0: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 , the. carri\n+0002efb0: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 age return will \n+0002efc0: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 be displayed as \n+0002efd0: 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 a control charac\n+0002efe0: 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 ter (......) \n+0002eff0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 to. make it \n+0002f000: 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 easier to see wh\n+0002f010: 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 en boot problems\n+0002f020: 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 are caused by a\n+0002f030: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 file. forma\n+0002f040: 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 tted using DOS-s\n+0002f050: 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 tyle line ending\n+0002f060: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 s... Note: .\n+0002f070: 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 ..cat... can be \n+0002f080: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 used to view the\n+0002f090: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 contents of dev\n+0002f0a0: 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 ices using the. \n+0002f0b0: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 block list s\n+0002f0c0: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f yntax (*note Blo\n+0002f0d0: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a ck list syntax::\n+0002f0e0: 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 ). However, it \n+0002f0f0: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 is not. advi\n+0002f100: 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 sed to view bina\n+0002f110: 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 ry data because \n+0002f120: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 it will try to d\n+0002f130: 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 ecode UTF-8. \n+0002f140: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 strings, which \n+0002f150: 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 can lead to some\n+0002f160: 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f bytes missing o\n+0002f170: 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 r added in the. \n+0002f180: 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 output. Ins\n+0002f190: 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 tead, use the ..\n+0002f1a0: 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d .hexdump... comm\n+0002f1b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 and (*note hexdu\n+0002f1c0: 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mp::).....File: \n+0002f1d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f1e0: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : clear, Next: \n+0002f1f0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 cmosclean, Prev\n+0002f200: 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : cat, Up: Comm\n+0002f210: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f220: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 s..17.4.10 clear\n+0002f230: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0002f240: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 -- Command: cle\n+0002f250: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 ar. Clear th\n+0002f260: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e screen.....Fil\n+0002f270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002f280: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 ode: cmosclean, \n+0002f290: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c Next: cmosdump,\n+0002f2a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 Prev: clear, \n+0002f2b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002f2c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002f2d0: 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 11 cmosclean.---\n+0002f2e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002f2f0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f -- Command: cmo\n+0002f300: 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a sclean byte:bit.\n+0002f310: 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 Clear value\n+0002f320: 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 of bit in CMOS \n+0002f330: 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 at location BYTE\n+0002f340: 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d :BIT. This comm\n+0002f350: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 and is. avai\n+0002f360: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c lable only on pl\n+0002f370: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n+0002f380: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n+0002f390: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002f3a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 Node: cmosdump, \n+0002f3b0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Next: cmostest,\n+0002f3c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Prev: cmosclea\n+0002f3d0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d n, Up: Command-\n+0002f3e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002f3f0: 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 7.4.12 cmosdump.\n+0002f400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f410: 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 .. -- Dump: CMOS\n+0002f420: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 contents. D\n+0002f430: 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f ump full CMOS co\n+0002f440: 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 ntents as hexade\n+0002f450: 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 cimal values. T\n+0002f460: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n+0002f470: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002f480: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002f490: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002f4a0: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002f4b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002f4c0: 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 ostest, Next: c\n+0002f4d0: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 mp, Prev: cmosd\n+0002f4e0: 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ump, Up: Comman\n+0002f4f0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002f500: 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 .17.4.13 cmostes\n+0002f510: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002f520: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002f530: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 cmostest byte:b\n+0002f540: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c it. Test val\n+0002f550: 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f ue of bit in CMO\n+0002f560: 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 S at location BY\n+0002f570: 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 TE:BIT. Exit st\n+0002f580: 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 atus is. zer\n+0002f590: 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c o if bit is set,\n+0002f5a0: 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 non zero otherw\n+0002f5b0: 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ise. This comma\n+0002f5c0: 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a nd is available.\n+0002f5d0: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 only on pla\n+0002f5e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 tforms that supp\n+0002f5f0: 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ort CMOS.....Fil\n+0002f600: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002f610: 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: cmp, Next:\n+0002f620: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 configfile, Pr\n+0002f630: 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 ev: cmostest, U\n+0002f640: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002f650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002f660: 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 cmp.----------\n+0002f670: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f680: 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 cmp [-v] file1 f\n+0002f690: 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 ile2. Compar\n+0002f6a0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 e the file FILE1\n+0002f6b0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 with the file F\n+0002f6c0: 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 ILE2. If they a\n+0002f6d0: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 re completely. \n+0002f6e0: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 identical, ..\n+0002f6f0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 .$?... will be s\n+0002f700: 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 et to 0. Otherw\n+0002f710: 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ise, if the file\n+0002f720: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 s are not. i\n+0002f730: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 dentical, ...$?.\n+0002f740: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 .. will be set t\n+0002f750: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 o a nonzero valu\n+0002f760: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 e... By defa\n+0002f770: 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c ult nothing will\n+0002f780: 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 be output. If \n+0002f790: 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 the ...-v... is \n+0002f7a0: 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 used, verbose. \n+0002f7b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c mode is enabl\n+0002f7c0: 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 ed. In this mod\n+0002f7d0: 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e when when the \n+0002f7e0: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 files differ in \n+0002f7f0: 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 size,. print\n+0002f800: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 the sizes like \n+0002f810: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0002f820: 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a Differ in size:\n+0002f830: 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 0x1234 [foo], 0\n+0002f840: 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 x4321 [bar].. \n+0002f850: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 If the sizes a\n+0002f860: 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 re equal but the\n+0002f870: 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 bytes at an off\n+0002f880: 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e set differ, then\n+0002f890: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . print the \n+0002f8a0: 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a bytes like this:\n+0002f8b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 .. Diff\n+0002f8c0: 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 er at the offset\n+0002f8d0: 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 777: 0xbe [foo]\n+0002f8e0: 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a , 0xef [bar]....\n+0002f8f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002f900: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 Node: configfi\n+0002f910: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 le, Next: cpuid\n+0002f920: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 , Prev: cmp, U\n+0002f930: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002f940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002f950: 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 5 configfile.---\n+0002f960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002f970: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f . -- Command: co\n+0002f980: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 nfigfile file. \n+0002f990: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Load FILE as \n+0002f9a0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+0002f9b0: 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 file. If FILE d\n+0002f9c0: 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a efines any menu.\n+0002f9d0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 entries, th\n+0002f9e0: 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 en show a menu c\n+0002f9f0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 ontaining them i\n+0002fa00: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 mmediately. Any\n+0002fa10: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+0002fa20: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 t variable chang\n+0002fa30: 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 es made by the c\n+0002fa40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 ommands in FILE \n+0002fa50: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 will not. be\n+0002fa60: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 preserved after\n+0002fa70: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n+0002fa80: 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . returns.....Fi\n+0002fa90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002faa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 Node: cpuid, Ne\n+0002fab0: 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: crc, Prev: \n+0002fac0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a configfile, Up:\n+0002fad0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002fae0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 mmands..17.4.16 \n+0002faf0: 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpuid.----------\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002fb10: 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 : cpuid [-l] [-p\n+0002fb20: 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 ]. Check for\n+0002fb30: 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 CPU features. \n+0002fb40: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0002fb50: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+0002fb60: 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 n x86. syste\n+0002fb70: 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 ms... With t\n+0002fb80: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-l... opti\n+0002fb90: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 on, return true \n+0002fba0: 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f if the CPU suppo\n+0002fbb0: 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rts long mode. \n+0002fbc0: 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 (64-bit)... \n+0002fbd0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+0002fbe0: 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 p... option, ret\n+0002fbf0: 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 urn true if the \n+0002fc00: 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 CPU supports Phy\n+0002fc10: 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 sical. Addre\n+0002fc20: 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 ss Extension (PA\n+0002fc30: 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 E)... If inv\n+0002fc40: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 oked without opt\n+0002fc50: 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ions, this comma\n+0002fc60: 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 nd currently beh\n+0002fc70: 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 aves as if it. \n+0002fc80: 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f had been invo\n+0002fc90: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 ked with ...-l..\n+0002fca0: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 .. This may cha\n+0002fcb0: 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 nge in the futur\n+0002fcc0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+0002fcd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 .info, Node: cr\n+0002fce0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f c, Next: crypto\n+0002fcf0: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 mount, Prev: cp\n+0002fd00: 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e uid, Up: Comman\n+0002fd10: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002fd20: 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d .17.4.17 crc.---\n+0002fd30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002fd40: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e mmand: crc arg .\n+0002fd50: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n+0002fd60: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n+0002fd70: 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e ash crc32 arg ..\n+0002fd80: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n+0002fd90: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n+0002fda0: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n+0002fdb0: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n+0002fdc0: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n+0002fdd0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002fde0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d , Node: cryptom\n+0002fdf0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 ount, Next: cut\n+0002fe00: 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c mem, Prev: crc,\n+0002fe10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fe20: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0002fe30: 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 4.18 cryptomount\n+0002fe40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002fe50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002fe60: 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b d: cryptomount [\n+0002fe70: 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c [-p password] |\n+0002fe80: 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f [-k keyfile [-O\n+0002fe90: 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 keyoffset]. \n+0002fea0: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a [-S keysiz\n+0002feb0: 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d e] ] ] [-H file]\n+0002fec0: 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c device|-u uuid|\n+0002fed0: 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 -a|-b. Setup\n+0002fee0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 access to encry\n+0002fef0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 pted device. A \n+0002ff00: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 passphrase will \n+0002ff10: 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 be requested. \n+0002ff20: 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c interactively,\n+0002ff30: 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 if neither the \n+0002ff40: e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 ...-p... nor ...\n+0002ff50: 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 -k... options ar\n+0002ff60: 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 e given. The. \n+0002ff70: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 option ...-p.\n+0002ff80: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. can be used t\n+0002ff90: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 o supply a passp\n+0002ffa0: 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f hrase (useful fo\n+0002ffb0: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e r. scripts).\n+0002ffc0: 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 Alternatively \n+0002ffd0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-k... opt\n+0002ffe0: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n+0002fff0: 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 to supply a. \n+00030000: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 keyfile with op\n+00030010: 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 tions ...-O... a\n+00030020: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 nd ...-S... opti\n+00030030: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 onally supplying\n+00030040: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 the offset. \n+00030050: 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 and size, respe\n+00030060: 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 ctively, of the \n+00030070: 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 key data in the \n+00030080: 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 given key file. \n+00030090: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 The. ...-H.\n+000300a0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 .. options can b\n+000300b0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 e used to supply\n+000300c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 cryptomount bac\n+000300d0: 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 kends with an. \n+000300e0: 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 alternative h\n+000300f0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 eader file (aka \n+00030100: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 detached header)\n+00030110: 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 . Not all backe\n+00030120: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 nds. have he\n+00030130: 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 aders nor suppor\n+00030140: 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 t alternative he\n+00030150: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 ader files (curr\n+00030160: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ently only. \n+00030170: 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 LUKS1 and LUKS2 \n+00030180: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 support them). \n+00030190: 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 Argument DEVICE \n+000301a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 configures speci\n+000301b0: 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 fic. grub de\n+000301c0: 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 vice (*note Nami\n+000301d0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+000301e0: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 ; option ...-u..\n+000301f0: 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 . UUID. conf\n+00030200: 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 igures device wi\n+00030210: 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 th specified UUI\n+00030220: 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 D; option ...-a.\n+00030230: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c .. configures al\n+00030240: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 l. detected \n+00030250: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n+00030260: 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 s; option ...-b.\n+00030270: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c .. configures al\n+00030280: 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 l geli. cont\n+00030290: 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 ainers that have\n+000302a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a boot flag set..\n+000302b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 . Devices ar\n+000302c0: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f e not allowed to\n+000302d0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 be given as key\n+000302e0: 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 files nor as de\n+000302f0: 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 tached. head\n+00030300: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 er files. Howev\n+00030310: 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 er, this limitat\n+00030320: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 ion can be worke\n+00030330: 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 d around by. \n+00030340: 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 using blocklist\n+00030350: 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 syntax. So for\n+00030360: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 instance, ...(h\n+00030370: 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 d1,gpt2)... can \n+00030380: 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 not be. used\n+00030390: 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 , but ...(hd1,gp\n+000303a0: 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 t2)0+... will ac\n+000303b0: 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 hieve the desire\n+000303c0: 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 d result... \n+000303d0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 GRUB suports dev\n+000303e0: 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 ices encrypted u\n+000303f0: 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 sing LUKS, LUKS2\n+00030400: 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 and geli. Note\n+00030410: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 . that neces\n+00030420: 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 sary modules (LU\n+00030430: 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 KS, LUKS2 and GE\n+00030440: 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c LI) have to be l\n+00030450: 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 oaded. manua\n+00030460: 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 lly before this \n+00030470: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 command can be u\n+00030480: 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 sed. For LUKS2 \n+00030490: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 only the. PB\n+000304a0: 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 KDF2 key derivat\n+000304b0: 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ion function is \n+000304c0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 supported, as Ar\n+000304d0: 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a gon2 is not yet.\n+000304e0: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a supported..\n+000304f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c . Successful\n+00030500: 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 ly decrypted dis\n+00030510: 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 ks are named as \n+00030520: 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 (cryptoX) and ha\n+00030530: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 ve. increasi\n+00030540: 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 ng numeration su\n+00030550: 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 ffix for each ne\n+00030560: 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b w decrypted disk\n+00030570: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 . If the. e\n+00030580: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f ncrypted disk ho\n+00030590: 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 sts some higher \n+000305a0: 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 level of abstrac\n+000305b0: 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 tion (like LVM2 \n+000305c0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 or. MDRAID) \n+000305d0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 it will be creat\n+000305e0: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 ed under a separ\n+000305f0: 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ate device names\n+00030600: 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 pace in. add\n+00030610: 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 ition to the cry\n+00030620: 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 ptodisk namespac\n+00030630: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 e... Support\n+00030640: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 for plain encry\n+00030650: 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 ption mode (plai\n+00030660: 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 n dm-crypt) is p\n+00030670: 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 rovided via. \n+00030680: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f separate ...*no\n+00030690: 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 te plainmount::.\n+000306a0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .. command.....F\n+000306b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000306c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Node: cutmem, \n+000306d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 Next: date, Pre\n+000306e0: 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 v: cryptomount, \n+000306f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00030700: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00030710: 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .19 cutmem.-----\n+00030720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00030730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 ommand: cutmem f\n+00030740: 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c rom[K|M|G] to[K|\n+00030750: 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 M|G]. Remove\n+00030760: 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 any memory regi\n+00030770: 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ons in specified\n+00030780: 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 range... Th\n+00030790: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 is command notif\n+000307a0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d ies the memory m\n+000307b0: 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 anager that spec\n+000307c0: 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 ified regions of\n+000307d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 . RAM ought \n+000307e0: 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f to be filtered o\n+000307f0: 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e ut. This remain\n+00030800: 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 s in effect afte\n+00030810: 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 r a. payload\n+00030820: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e kernel has been\n+00030830: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c loaded by GRUB,\n+00030840: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 as long as the \n+00030850: 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e loaded. kern\n+00030860: 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d el obtains its m\n+00030870: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 emory map from G\n+00030880: 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 RUB. Kernels tha\n+00030890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 t support this. \n+000308a0: 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 include Linu\n+000308b0: 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 x, GNU Mach, the\n+000308c0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n+000308d0: 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 SD and Multiboot\n+000308e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e . kernels in\n+000308f0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 general... \n+00030900: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 The command is s\n+00030910: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 imilar to ...bad\n+00030920: 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a ram... command..\n+00030930: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00030940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00030950: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00030960: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00030970: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00030980: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00030990: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e prevents removin\n+000309a0: 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 g EFI memory reg\n+000309b0: 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 ions to. pot\n+000309c0: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 entially subvert\n+000309d0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 the security me\n+000309e0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 chanisms provide\n+000309f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 d by the UEFI. \n+00030a00: 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a secure boot..\n+00030a10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00030a20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c fo, Node: date,\n+00030a30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 Next: devicetr\n+00030a40: 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 ee, Prev: cutme\n+00030a50: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+00030a60: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00030a70: 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.20 date.----\n+00030a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00030a90: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 mmand: date [[ye\n+00030aa0: 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b ar-]month-day] [\n+00030ab0: 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 hour:minute[:sec\n+00030ac0: 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ond]]. With \n+00030ad0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 no arguments, pr\n+00030ae0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 int the current \n+00030af0: 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a date and time...\n+00030b00: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 Otherwise, \n+00030b10: 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 take the current\n+00030b20: 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 date and time, \n+00030b30: 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 change any eleme\n+00030b40: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 nts. specifi\n+00030b50: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c ed as arguments,\n+00030b60: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 and set the res\n+00030b70: 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 ult as the new d\n+00030b80: 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d ate and. tim\n+00030b90: 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c e. For example,\n+00030ba0: 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 'date 01-01' wi\n+00030bb0: 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ll set the curre\n+00030bc0: 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 nt month and day\n+00030bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 . to January\n+00030be0: 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 1, but leave th\n+00030bf0: 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 e year, hour, mi\n+00030c00: 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 nute, and second\n+00030c10: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e . unchanged.\n+00030c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00030c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 nfo, Node: devi\n+00030c40: 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 cetree, Next: d\n+00030c50: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 istrust, Prev: \n+00030c60: 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 date, Up: Comma\n+00030c70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00030c80: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 ..17.4.21 device\n+00030c90: 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tree.-----------\n+00030ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00030cb0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 mand: devicetree\n+00030cc0: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file. Load \n+00030cd0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c a device tree bl\n+00030ce0: 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 ob (.dtb) from a\n+00030cf0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 filesystem, for\n+00030d00: 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 later use by. \n+00030d10: 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 a Linux kerne\n+00030d20: 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 l. Does not per\n+00030d30: 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 form merging wit\n+00030d40: 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 h any device tre\n+00030d50: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 e. supplied \n+00030d60: 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 by firmware, but\n+00030d70: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 rather replaces\n+00030d80: 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a it completely..\n+00030d90: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00030da0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00030db0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00030dc0: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00030dd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00030de0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00030df0: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 is done to preve\n+00030e00: 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 nt subverting va\n+00030e10: 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 rious security. \n+00030e20: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a mechanisms..\n+00030e30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00030e40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 fo, Node: distr\n+00030e50: 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 ust, Next: driv\n+00030e60: 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 emap, Prev: dev\n+00030e70: 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f icetree, Up: Co\n+00030e80: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00030e90: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 nds..17.4.22 dis\n+00030ea0: 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trust.----------\n+00030eb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030ec0: 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 and: distrust pu\n+00030ed0: 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d bkey_id. Rem\n+00030ee0: 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 ove public key P\n+00030ef0: 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 UBKEY_ID from GR\n+00030f00: 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 UB's keyring of \n+00030f10: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 trusted keys.. \n+00030f20: 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 PUBKEY_ID is \n+00030f30: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 the last four by\n+00030f40: 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 tes (eight hexad\n+00030f50: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f ecimal digits) o\n+00030f60: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 f the. GPG v\n+00030f70: 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 4 key id, which \n+00030f80: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 is also the outp\n+00030f90: 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 ut of ...list_tr\n+00030fa0: 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a usted... (*note.\n+00030fb0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 list_truste\n+00030fc0: 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f d::). Outside o\n+00030fd0: 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 f GRUB, the key \n+00030fe0: 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e id can be obtain\n+00030ff0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n+00031000: 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 .gpg --fingerpri\n+00031010: 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b nt...). These k\n+00031020: 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 eys are used to \n+00031030: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 validate signatu\n+00031040: 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e res. when en\n+00031050: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00031060: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+00031070: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+00031080: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n+00031090: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 .. (*note ch\n+000310a0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n+000310b0: 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 ), and by some i\n+000310c0: 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 nvocations of. \n+000310d0: 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 ...verify_det\n+000310e0: 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ached... (*note \n+000310f0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a verify_detached:\n+00031100: 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 :). *Note Using\n+00031110: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 digital. si\n+00031120: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n+00031130: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00031140: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00031150: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 info, Node: dri\n+00031160: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 vemap, Next: ec\n+00031170: 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 ho, Prev: distr\n+00031180: 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ust, Up: Comman\n+00031190: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000311a0: 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 .17.4.23 drivema\n+000311b0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+000311c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000311d0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c drivemap -l|-r|\n+000311e0: 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 [-s] from_drive \n+000311f0: 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 to_drive. Wi\n+00031200: 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d thout options, m\n+00031210: 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f ap the drive FRO\n+00031220: 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 M_DRIVE to the d\n+00031230: 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 rive TO_DRIVE.. \n+00031240: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 This is nece\n+00031250: 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ssary when you c\n+00031260: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f hain-load some o\n+00031270: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00031280: 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 , such. as D\n+00031290: 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f OS, if such an O\n+000312a0: 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e S resides at a n\n+000312b0: 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 on-first drive. \n+000312c0: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e For. conven\n+000312d0: 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 ience, any parti\n+000312e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 tion suffix on t\n+000312f0: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f he drive is igno\n+00031300: 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 red, so you. \n+00031310: 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 can safely use \n+00031320: 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 ${root} as a dri\n+00031330: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ve specification\n+00031340: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+00031350: 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-s... option\n+00031360: 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 , perform the re\n+00031370: 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 verse mapping as\n+00031380: 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a well, swapping.\n+00031390: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 the two dri\n+000313a0: 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ves... With \n+000313b0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-l... opt\n+000313c0: 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 ion, list the cu\n+000313d0: 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a rrent mappings..\n+000313e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n+000313f0: 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-r... option, \n+00031400: 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e reset all mappin\n+00031410: 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c gs to the defaul\n+00031420: 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t values... \n+00031430: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 For example:.. \n+00031440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 drivemap\n+00031450: 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a -s (hd0) (hd1).\n+00031460: 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 . NOTE: Only\n+00031470: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 available on i3\n+00031480: 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 86-pc.....File: \n+00031490: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000314a0: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 : echo, Next: e\n+000314b0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 fitextmode, Pre\n+000314c0: 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 v: drivemap, Up\n+000314d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000314e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 ommands..17.4.24\n+000314f0: 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d echo.----------\n+00031500: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00031510: 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 echo [-n] [-e] \n+00031520: 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 string .... \n+00031530: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 Display the requ\n+00031540: 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 ested text and, \n+00031550: 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e unless the ...-n\n+00031560: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ... option is us\n+00031570: 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c ed, a. trail\n+00031580: 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 ing new line. I\n+00031590: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 f there is more \n+000315a0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c than one string,\n+000315b0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 they are. s\n+000315c0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+000315d0: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 es in the output\n+000315e0: 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 . As usual in G\n+000315f0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 RUB commands,. \n+00031600: 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 variables may\n+00031610: 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 be substituted \n+00031620: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 using ...${var}.\n+00031630: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ..... The ..\n+00031640: 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e .-e... option en\n+00031650: 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 ables interpreta\n+00031660: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 tion of backslas\n+00031670: 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a h escapes. The.\n+00031680: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 following s\n+00031690: 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 equences are rec\n+000316a0: 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ognised:.. .\n+000316b0: 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\\\.... \n+000316c0: 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 backslash.. \n+000316d0: 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n+000316e0: 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 alert (BEL)\n+000316f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a .. ...\\c....\n+00031700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 suppre\n+00031710: 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 ss trailing new \n+00031720: 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 line.. ...\\f\n+00031730: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f .... fo\n+00031740: 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rm feed.. ..\n+00031750: 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\n.... \n+00031760: 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 new line.. \n+00031770: e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031780: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n+00031790: 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 rn.. ...\\t..\n+000317a0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 .. hori\n+000317b0: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 zontal tab.. \n+000317c0: 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n+000317d0: 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 vertical tab\n+000317e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 .. When inte\n+000317f0: 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 rpreting backsla\n+00031800: 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b sh escapes, back\n+00031810: 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 slash followed b\n+00031820: 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 y any. other\n+00031830: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 character will \n+00031840: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 print that chara\n+00031850: 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 cter.....File: g\n+00031860: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00031870: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e efitextmode, N\n+00031880: 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 ext: eval, Prev\n+00031890: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : echo, Up: Com\n+000318a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000318b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 ds..17.4.25 efit\n+000318c0: 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d extmode.--------\n+000318d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000318e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 Command: efitex\n+000318f0: 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 tmode [min | max\n+00031900: 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d 3e20 7c20 | | \n+00031910: 3c63 6f6c 733e 203c 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 ]. \n+00031920: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 When used wi\n+00031930: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 th no arguments \n+00031940: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 displays all ava\n+00031950: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 ilable text outp\n+00031960: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 ut. modes. \n+00031970: 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 The set mode det\n+00031980: 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 ermines the colu\n+00031990: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+000319a0: 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 the text. di\n+000319b0: 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 splay when in te\n+000319c0: 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 xt mode. An ast\n+000319d0: 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 erisk, ...*..., \n+000319e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 will be at the e\n+000319f0: 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c nd of. the l\n+00031a00: 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ine of the curre\n+00031a10: 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ntly set mode...\n+00031a20: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 If given a \n+00031a30: 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 single parameter\n+00031a40: 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 , it must be ...\n+00031a50: 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 min..., ...max..\n+00031a60: 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 ., or a mode. \n+00031a70: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 number given b\n+00031a80: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 y the listing wh\n+00031a90: 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 en run with no a\n+00031aa0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 rguments. These\n+00031ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 . arguments \n+00031ac0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 set the mode to \n+00031ad0: 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 the minimum, max\n+00031ae0: 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 imum, and partic\n+00031af0: 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 ular mode. r\n+00031b00: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 espectively... \n+00031b10: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 Otherwise, th\n+00031b20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 e command must b\n+00031b30: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 e given two nume\n+00031b40: 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a rical arguments.\n+00031b50: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n+00031b60: 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 the columns and \n+00031b70: 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 rows of the desi\n+00031b80: 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 red mode. Speci\n+00031b90: 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c fying a. col\n+00031ba0: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f umns and rows co\n+00031bb0: 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 mbination that c\n+00031bc0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f orresponds to no\n+00031bd0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c supported mode,\n+00031be0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 . will retur\n+00031bf0: 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 n error, but oth\n+00031c00: 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 erwise have no e\n+00031c10: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 ffect... By \n+00031c20: 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c default GRUB wil\n+00031c30: 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 l start in whate\n+00031c40: 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 ver mode the EFI\n+00031c50: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 firmware. d\n+00031c60: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 efaults to. The\n+00031c70: 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 re are firmwares\n+00031c80: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 known to set up\n+00031c90: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 the default mod\n+00031ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 e. such that\n+00031cb0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 output behaves \n+00031cc0: 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 strangely, for e\n+00031cd0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f xample the curso\n+00031ce0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 r in the. GR\n+00031cf0: 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 UB shell never r\n+00031d00: 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f eaches the botto\n+00031d10: 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 m of the screen \n+00031d20: 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a or, when typing.\n+00031d30: 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 characters \n+00031d40: 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 at the prompt, c\n+00031d50: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 haracters from p\n+00031d60: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 revious command \n+00031d70: 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 output. are \n+00031d80: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 overwritten. Se\n+00031d90: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d tting the mode m\n+00031da0: 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 ay fix this... \n+00031db0: 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 The EFI speci\n+00031dc0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 fication says th\n+00031dd0: 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 at mode 0 must b\n+00031de0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 e available and \n+00031df0: 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e have. column\n+00031e00: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 s and rows of 80\n+00031e10: 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 and 25 respecti\n+00031e20: 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 vely. Mode 1 ma\n+00031e30: 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 y be defined. \n+00031e40: 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 and if so must\n+00031e50: 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e have columns an\n+00031e60: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 d rows of 80 and\n+00031e70: 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 50 respectively\n+00031e80: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 .. Any other\n+00031e90: 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 modes may have \n+00031ea0: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031eb0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 arbitrarily def\n+00031ec0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ined by. the\n+00031ed0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 firmware. This\n+00031ee0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f means that a mo\n+00031ef0: 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 de with columns \n+00031f00: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a and rows of 100.\n+00031f10: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f and 31 on o\n+00031f20: 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 ne firmware may \n+00031f30: 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d be a different m\n+00031f40: 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a ode number on a.\n+00031f50: 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 different f\n+00031f60: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 irmware or not e\n+00031f70: 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 xist at all. Li\n+00031f80: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d kewise, mode num\n+00031f90: 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e ber 2 on. on\n+00031fa0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 e firmware may h\n+00031fb0: 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ave a different \n+00031fc0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e number of column\n+00031fd0: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a s and rows than.\n+00031fe0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 mode 2 on a\n+00031ff0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 different firmw\n+00032000: 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f are. So one sho\n+00032010: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 uld not rely on \n+00032020: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 a. particula\n+00032030: 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 r mode number or\n+00032040: 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 a mode of a cer\n+00032050: 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 tain number of c\n+00032060: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 olumns and. \n+00032070: 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e rows existing on\n+00032080: 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 all firmwares, \n+00032090: 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 except for mode \n+000320a0: 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 0... Note: T\n+000320b0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+000320c0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+000320d0: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 EFI platforms a\n+000320e0: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c nd is. simil\n+000320f0: 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 ar to EFI shell \n+00032100: 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a \"mode\" command..\n+00032110: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032120: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c fo, Node: eval,\n+00032130: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Next: export, \n+00032140: 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Prev: efitextmo\n+00032150: 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 de, Up: Command\n+00032160: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032170: 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.26 eval.---\n+00032180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00032190: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 ommand: eval str\n+000321a0: 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e ing .... Con\n+000321b0: 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e catenate argumen\n+000321c0: 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e ts together usin\n+000321d0: 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 g single space a\n+000321e0: 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a s separator and.\n+000321f0: 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 evaluate re\n+00032200: 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 sult as sequence\n+00032210: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 of GRUB command\n+00032220: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00032230: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 .info, Node: ex\n+00032240: 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c port, Next: fal\n+00032250: 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c se, Prev: eval,\n+00032260: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032270: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032280: 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 4.27 export.----\n+00032290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000322a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 Command: export \n+000322b0: 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f envvar. Expo\n+000322c0: 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 rt the environme\n+000322d0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 nt variable ENVV\n+000322e0: 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 AR. Exported va\n+000322f0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 riables are. \n+00032300: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 visible to subs\n+00032310: 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 idiary configura\n+00032320: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 tion files loade\n+00032330: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n+00032340: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a configfile......\n+00032350: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00032360: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c o, Node: false,\n+00032370: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c Next: fwsetup,\n+00032380: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Prev: export, \n+00032390: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000323a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000323b0: 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .28 false.------\n+000323c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000323d0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 mand: false. \n+000323e0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 Do nothing, uns\n+000323f0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 uccessfully. Th\n+00032400: 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 is is mainly use\n+00032410: 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 ful in control. \n+00032420: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 constructs s\n+00032430: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 uch as ...if... \n+00032440: 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 and ...while... \n+00032450: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b (*note Shell-lik\n+00032460: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a e scripting::)..\n+00032470: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032480: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 fo, Node: fwset\n+00032490: 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e up, Next: gdbin\n+000324a0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 fo, Prev: false\n+000324b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000324c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000324d0: 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d .4.29 fwsetup.--\n+000324e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000324f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 -- Command: fwse\n+00032500: 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 tup [--is-suppor\n+00032510: 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 ted]. Reboot\n+00032520: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 into the firmwa\n+00032530: 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 re setup menu. \n+00032540: 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f If ...--is-suppo\n+00032550: 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 rted... option i\n+00032560: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n+00032570: 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 , instead check \n+00032580: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d whether the firm\n+00032590: 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 ware supports a \n+000325a0: 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 setup menu. \n+000325b0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 and exit success\n+000325c0: 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a fully if so.....\n+000325d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000325e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c Node: gdbinfo,\n+000325f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Next: gettext,\n+00032600: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c Prev: fwsetup,\n+00032610: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032620: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032630: 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 4.30 gdbinfo.---\n+00032640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00032650: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e - Command: gdbin\n+00032660: 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 fo. Output t\n+00032670: 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 ext to be used a\n+00032680: 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 s a GDB command \n+00032690: 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f for a GDB sessio\n+000326a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 n using the. \n+000326b0: 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 gdb_grub script\n+000326c0: 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f and attached to\n+000326d0: 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 a running GRUB \n+000326e0: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 instance. The G\n+000326f0: 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 DB. command \n+00032700: 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 that is output w\n+00032710: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 ill tell GDB how\n+00032720: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 to load debuggi\n+00032730: 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 ng symbols. \n+00032740: 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 to their proper \n+00032750: 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e runtime address.\n+00032760: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 Currently this\n+00032770: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+00032780: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 le. for EFI \n+00032790: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 platforms. See \n+000327a0: 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e the Debugging in\n+000327b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 the developer. \n+000327c0: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f documentatio\n+000327d0: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 n for more infor\n+000327e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n+000327f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00032800: 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 e: gettext, Nex\n+00032810: 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 t: gptsync, Pre\n+00032820: 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a v: gdbinfo, Up:\n+00032830: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00032840: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 mmands..17.4.31 \n+00032850: 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gettext.--------\n+00032860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032870: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 mand: gettext st\n+00032880: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c ring. Transl\n+00032890: 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 ate STRING into \n+000328a0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 the current lang\n+000328b0: 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 uage... The \n+000328c0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 current language\n+000328d0: 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 code is stored \n+000328e0: 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 in the ...lang..\n+000328f0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 . variable in. \n+00032900: 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f GRUB's enviro\n+00032910: 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e nment (*note lan\n+00032920: 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 g::). Translati\n+00032930: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 on files in MO f\n+00032940: 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 ormat. are r\n+00032950: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 ead from ...loca\n+00032960: 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 le_dir... (*note\n+00032970: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 locale_dir::), \n+00032980: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 usually. ...\n+00032990: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c /boot/grub/local\n+000329a0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e........File: g\n+000329b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000329c0: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a gptsync, Next:\n+000329d0: 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 halt, Prev: ge\n+000329e0: 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttext, Up: Comm\n+000329f0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00032a00: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 s..17.4.32 gptsy\n+00032a10: 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nc.-------------\n+00032a20: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032a30: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 gptsync device \n+00032a40: 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 [partition[+/-[t\n+00032a50: 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ype]]] .... \n+00032a60: 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 Disks using the \n+00032a70: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n+00032a80: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 able (GPT) also \n+00032a90: 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 have a legacy. \n+00032aa0: 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 Master Boot R\n+00032ab0: 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 ecord (MBR) part\n+00032ac0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 ition table for \n+00032ad0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 compatibility wi\n+00032ae0: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 th the. BIOS\n+00032af0: 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 and with older \n+00032b00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00032b10: 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d s. The legacy M\n+00032b20: 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 BR can only. \n+00032b30: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d represent a lim\n+00032b40: 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 ited subset of G\n+00032b50: 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 PT partition ent\n+00032b60: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ries... This\n+00032b70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 command populat\n+00032b80: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 es the legacy MB\n+00032b90: 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 R with the speci\n+00032ba0: 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 fied PARTITION. \n+00032bb0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 entries on D\n+00032bc0: 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 EVICE. Up to th\n+00032bd0: 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d ree partitions m\n+00032be0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 ay be used... \n+00032bf0: 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 TYPE is an MBR\n+00032c00: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n+00032c10: 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 code; prefix wit\n+00032c20: 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f h ...0x... if yo\n+00032c30: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 u want to. e\n+00032c40: 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 nter this in hex\n+00032c50: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 adecimal. The s\n+00032c60: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e eparator between\n+00032c70: 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 PARTITION and. \n+00032c80: 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 TYPE may be \n+00032c90: e280 982b e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 ...+... to make \n+00032ca0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 the partition ac\n+00032cb0: 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 tive, or ...-...\n+00032cc0: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 to make it. \n+00032cd0: 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 inactive; only \n+00032ce0: 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 one partition ma\n+00032cf0: 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 y be active. If\n+00032d00: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 both the separa\n+00032d10: 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 tor. and typ\n+00032d20: 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 e are omitted, t\n+00032d30: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f hen the partitio\n+00032d40: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 n will be inacti\n+00032d50: 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ve.....File: gru\n+00032d60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n+00032d70: 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 alt, Next: hash\n+00032d80: 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 sum, Prev: gpts\n+00032d90: 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ync, Up: Comman\n+00032da0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00032db0: 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d .17.4.33 halt.--\n+00032dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032dd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d Command: halt [-\n+00032de0: 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 -no-apm]. Th\n+00032df0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 e command halts \n+00032e00: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f the computer. O\n+00032e10: 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 n the i386-pc ta\n+00032e20: 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 rget, the. .\n+00032e30: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 ..--no-apm... op\n+00032e40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 tion, or short .\n+00032e50: 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 ..-n..., is spec\n+00032e60: 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 ified, no APM BI\n+00032e70: 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 OS call is. \n+00032e80: 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 performed. Othe\n+00032e90: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 rwise, the compu\n+00032ea0: 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e ter is shut down\n+00032eb0: 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 using APM on th\n+00032ec0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a at. target..\n+00032ed0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00032ee0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 fo, Node: hashs\n+00032ef0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c um, Next: help,\n+00032f00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 Prev: halt, U\n+00032f10: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00032f30: 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 hashsum.------\n+00032f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00032f50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 ommand: hashsum \n+00032f60: 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 --hash hash --ke\n+00032f70: 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d ep-going --uncom\n+00032f80: 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 press --check fi\n+00032f90: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d le. [--\n+00032fa0: 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 prefix dir]|file\n+00032fb0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 .... Comput\n+00032fc0: 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 e or verify file\n+00032fd0: 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 hashes. Hash t\n+00032fe0: 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 ype is selected \n+00032ff0: 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 with option. \n+00033000: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 ...--hash.... \n+00033010: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 Supported hashes\n+00033020: 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 are: ...adler32\n+00033030: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 ..., ...crc64...\n+00033040: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 , ...crc32...,. \n+00033050: 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 ...crc32rfc1\n+00033060: 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 510..., ...crc24\n+00033070: 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d rfc2440..., ...m\n+00033080: 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 d4..., ...md5...\n+00033090: 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 , ...ripemd160..\n+000330a0: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 ., ...sha1...,. \n+000330b0: 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 ...sha224...\n+000330c0: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 , ...sha256..., \n+000330d0: e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...sha512..., ..\n+000330e0: 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 .sha384..., ...t\n+000330f0: 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 iger192..., ...t\n+00033100: 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 iger...,. ..\n+00033110: 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 .tiger2..., ...w\n+00033120: 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 hirlpool.... Op\n+00033130: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 tion ...--uncomp\n+00033140: 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 ress... uncompre\n+00033150: 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 sses files. \n+00033160: 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 before computing\n+00033170: 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 hash... Whe\n+00033180: 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 n list of files \n+00033190: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f is given, hash o\n+000331a0: 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 f each file is c\n+000331b0: 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 omputed and. \n+000331c0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 printed, follow\n+000331d0: 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c ed by file name,\n+000331e0: 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 each file on a \n+000331f0: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 new line... \n+00033200: 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d When option ...-\n+00033210: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 -check... is giv\n+00033220: 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f en, it points to\n+00033230: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e a file that con\n+00033240: 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 tains. list \n+00033250: 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 of HASH NAME pai\n+00033260: 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 rs in the same f\n+00033270: 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 ormat as used by\n+00033280: 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 UNIX ...md5sum.\n+00033290: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e ... command.\n+000332a0: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 Option ...--pr\n+000332b0: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 efix... may be u\n+000332c0: 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 sed to give dire\n+000332d0: 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 ctory where. \n+000332e0: 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 files are locat\n+000332f0: 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 ed. Hash verifi\n+00033300: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 cation stops aft\n+00033310: 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 er the first. \n+00033320: 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 mismatch was f\n+00033330: 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 ound unless opti\n+00033340: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 on ...--keep-goi\n+00033350: 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e ng... was given.\n+00033360: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 The. exit \n+00033370: 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 code ...$?... is\n+00033380: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 set to 0 if has\n+00033390: 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 h verification i\n+000333a0: 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 s successful. I\n+000333b0: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c f. it fails,\n+000333c0: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n+000333d0: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 to a nonzero va\n+000333e0: 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 lue.....File: gr\n+000333f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033400: 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 help, Next: hex\n+00033410: 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 dump, Prev: has\n+00033420: 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 hsum, Up: Comma\n+00033430: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00033440: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d ..17.4.35 help.-\n+00033450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033460: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b Command: help [\n+00033470: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 pattern ...]. \n+00033480: 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 Display helpfu\n+00033490: 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 l information ab\n+000334a0: 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d out builtin comm\n+000334b0: 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f ands. If you do\n+000334c0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 not. specif\n+000334d0: 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 y PATTERN, this \n+000334e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 command shows sh\n+000334f0: 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 ort descriptions\n+00033500: 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 of all. ava\n+00033510: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e ilable commands.\n+00033520: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 .. If you sp\n+00033530: 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 ecify any PATTER\n+00033540: 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 NS, it displays \n+00033550: 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 longer informati\n+00033560: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 on about. ea\n+00033570: 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ch of the comman\n+00033580: 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 ds whose names b\n+00033590: 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 egin with those \n+000335a0: 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c PATTERNS.....Fil\n+000335b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000335c0: 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e ode: hexdump, N\n+000335d0: 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 ext: insmod, Pr\n+000335e0: 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: help, Up: C\n+000335f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00033600: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 ands..17.4.36 he\n+00033610: 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xdump.----------\n+00033620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033630: 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 nd: hexdump [--s\n+00033640: 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c kip offset] [--l\n+00033650: 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f ength len] FILE_\n+00033660: 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 OR_DEVICE. S\n+00033670: 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 how raw contents\n+00033680: 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 of a file or me\n+00033690: 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 mory. When opti\n+000336a0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 on ...--skip... \n+000336b0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 is. given, .\n+000336c0: 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 ..offset... numb\n+000336d0: 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 er of bytes are \n+000336e0: 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 skipped from the\n+000336f0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 start of the. \n+00033700: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c device or fil\n+00033710: 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 e given. And ..\n+00033720: 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c .--length... all\n+00033730: 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 ows specifying a\n+00033740: 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 maximum. nu\n+00033750: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f mber of bytes to\n+00033760: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 be shown... \n+00033770: 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 If given the sp\n+00033780: 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ecial device nam\n+00033790: 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 ed ...(mem)..., \n+000337a0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 then the ...offs\n+000337b0: 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 et... given. \n+000337c0: 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 to ...--skip...\n+000337d0: 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 is treated as t\n+000337e0: 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 he address of a \n+000337f0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 memory location \n+00033800: 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f to dump. fro\n+00033810: 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 m.....File: grub\n+00033820: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n+00033830: 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 smod, Next: key\n+00033840: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 status, Prev: h\n+00033850: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d exdump, Up: Com\n+00033860: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033870: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d ds..17.4.37 insm\n+00033880: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n+00033890: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000338a0: 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 insmod module. \n+000338b0: 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 Insert the dy\n+000338c0: 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c namic GRUB modul\n+000338d0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e e called MODULE.\n+000338e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000338f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 nfo, Node: keys\n+00033900: 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 tatus, Next: li\n+00033910: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 st_env, Prev: i\n+00033920: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d nsmod, Up: Comm\n+00033930: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00033940: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 s..17.4.38 keyst\n+00033950: 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atus.-----------\n+00033960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00033970: 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b and: keystatus [\n+00033980: 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c --shift] [--ctrl\n+00033990: 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 ] [--alt]. R\n+000339a0: 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 eturn true if th\n+000339b0: 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c e Shift, Control\n+000339c0: 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 , or Alt modifie\n+000339d0: 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a r keys are held.\n+000339e0: 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 down, as re\n+000339f0: 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f quested by optio\n+00033a00: 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 ns. This is use\n+00033a10: 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 ful in scripting\n+00033a20: 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 , to. allow \n+00033a30: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f some user contro\n+00033a40: 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 l over behaviour\n+00033a50: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 without having \n+00033a60: 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 to wait for a. \n+00033a70: 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 keypress... \n+00033a80: 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 Checking key \n+00033a90: 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 modifier status \n+00033aa0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is only supporte\n+00033ab0: 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f d on some platfo\n+00033ac0: 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 rms.. If inv\n+00033ad0: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 oked without any\n+00033ae0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 options, the ..\n+00033af0: 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f .keystatus... co\n+00033b00: 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 mmand returns. \n+00033b10: 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f true if and o\n+00033b20: 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nly if checking \n+00033b30: 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 key modifier sta\n+00033b40: 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 tus is supported\n+00033b50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00033b60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 info, Node: lis\n+00033b70: 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 t_env, Next: li\n+00033b80: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 st_trusted, Pre\n+00033b90: 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 v: keystatus, U\n+00033ba0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00033bb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00033bc0: 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 list_env.-----\n+00033bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033be0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 Command: list_e\n+00033bf0: 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d nv [--file file]\n+00033c00: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 . List all v\n+00033c10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ariables in the \n+00033c20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00033c30: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 k file. *Note. \n+00033c40: 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 Environment \n+00033c50: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n+00033c60: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n+00033c70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n+00033c80: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n+00033c90: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n+00033ca0: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+00033cb0: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ock.....File: gr\n+00033cc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033cd0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e list_trusted, N\n+00033ce0: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 ext: load_env, \n+00033cf0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Prev: list_env, \n+00033d00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033d10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033d20: 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 .40 list_trusted\n+00033d30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00033d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033d50: 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 nd: list_trusted\n+00033d60: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 . List all p\n+00033d70: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 ublic keys trust\n+00033d80: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 ed by GRUB for v\n+00033d90: 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 alidating signat\n+00033da0: 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f ures.. The o\n+00033db0: 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 utput is in GPG'\n+00033dc0: 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 s v4 key fingerp\n+00033dd0: 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 rint format (i.e\n+00033de0: 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 ., the output. \n+00033df0: 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 of ...gpg --f\n+00033e00: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 ingerprint...). \n+00033e10: 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 The least signi\n+00033e20: 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 ficant four byte\n+00033e30: 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 s (last. eig\n+00033e40: 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ht hexadecimal d\n+00033e50: 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 igits) can be us\n+00033e60: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e ed as an argumen\n+00033e70: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 t to ...distrust\n+00033e80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+00033e90: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e distrust::). *N\n+00033ea0: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+00033eb0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+00033ec0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n+00033ed0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 formation about \n+00033ee0: 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b uses for these k\n+00033ef0: 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 eys.....File: gr\n+00033f00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033f10: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a load_env, Next:\n+00033f20: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 loadfont, Prev\n+00033f30: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+00033f40: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033f50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033f60: 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d .41 load_env.---\n+00033f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00033f80: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 -- Command: load\n+00033f90: 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c _env [--file fil\n+00033fa0: 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a e] [--skip-sig].\n+00033fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 [white\n+00033fc0: 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f listed_variable_\n+00033fd0: 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c name] .... L\n+00033fe0: 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 oad all variable\n+00033ff0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 s from the envir\n+00034000: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c onment block fil\n+00034010: 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e into the. \n+00034020: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e environment. *N\n+00034030: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n+00034040: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n+00034050: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n+00034060: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n+00034070: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n+00034080: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n+00034090: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+000340a0: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ock... The .\n+000340b0: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n+000340c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 option skips sig\n+000340d0: 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature checking \n+000340e0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 even when the. \n+000340f0: 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 value of envi\n+00034100: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00034110: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+00034120: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n+00034130: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 o. ...enforc\n+00034140: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 e... (*note chec\n+00034150: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e k_signatures::).\n+00034160: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 .. If one or\n+00034170: 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e more variable n\n+00034180: 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 ames are provide\n+00034190: 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 d as arguments, \n+000341a0: 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e they are. in\n+000341b0: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 terpreted as a w\n+000341c0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 hitelist of vari\n+000341d0: 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 ables to load fr\n+000341e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 om the. envi\n+000341f0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n+00034200: 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 le. Variables s\n+00034210: 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 et in the file b\n+00034220: 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 ut not present. \n+00034230: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 in the white\n+00034240: 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 list are ignored\n+00034250: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00034260: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 -skip-sig... opt\n+00034270: 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 ion should be us\n+00034280: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e ed with care, an\n+00034290: 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a d should always.\n+000342a0: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 be used in \n+000342b0: 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 concert with a w\n+000342c0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 hitelist of acce\n+000342d0: 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ptable variables\n+000342e0: 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 whose. valu\n+000342f0: 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 es should be set\n+00034300: 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d . Failure to em\n+00034310: 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 ploy a carefully\n+00034320: 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 constructed. \n+00034330: 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c whitelist coul\n+00034340: 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 d result in read\n+00034350: 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 ing a malicious \n+00034360: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 value into criti\n+00034370: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e cal. environ\n+00034380: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 ment variables f\n+00034390: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 rom the file, su\n+000343a0: 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 ch as setting. \n+000343b0: 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e ...check_sign\n+000343c0: 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f atures=no..., mo\n+000343d0: 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 difying ...prefi\n+000343e0: 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f x... to boot fro\n+000343f0: 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 m an. unexpe\n+00034400: 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 cted location or\n+00034410: 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 not at all, etc\n+00034420: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 ... When use\n+00034430: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 d with care, ...\n+00034440: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e --skip-sig... an\n+00034450: 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 d the whitelist \n+00034460: 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 enable an. a\n+00034470: 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 dministrator to \n+00034480: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 configure a syst\n+00034490: 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 em to boot only \n+000344a0: 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 signed. conf\n+000344b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 igurations, but \n+000344c0: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 to allow the use\n+000344d0: 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d r to select from\n+000344e0: 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a among multiple.\n+000344f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 configurati\n+00034500: 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 ons, and to enab\n+00034510: 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f le \"one-shot\" bo\n+00034520: 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a ot attempts and.\n+00034530: 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c \"savedefaul\n+00034540: 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e t\" behavior. *N\n+00034550: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+00034560: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n+00034570: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n+00034580: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+00034590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000345a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Node: loadfont, \n+000345b0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Next: loopback,\n+000345c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Prev: load_env\n+000345d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000345e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000345f0: 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d .4.42 loadfont.-\n+00034600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00034610: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n+00034620: 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a adfont file ....\n+00034630: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 Load specif\n+00034640: 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 ied font files. \n+00034650: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 Unless absolute\n+00034660: 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 pathname is giv\n+00034670: 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 en, FILE. is\n+00034680: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 assumed to be i\n+00034690: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 n directory ...$\n+000346a0: 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 prefix/fonts... \n+000346b0: 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e with suffix ....\n+000346c0: 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 pf2.... appe\n+000346d0: 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e nded. *Note Fon\n+000346e0: 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ts: Theme file f\n+000346f0: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ormat.....File: \n+00034700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034710: 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : loopback, Nex\n+00034720: 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f t: ls, Prev: lo\n+00034730: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d adfont, Up: Com\n+00034740: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034750: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 ds..17.4.43 loop\n+00034760: 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d back.-----------\n+00034770: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034780: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 nd: loopback [-d\n+00034790: 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ] [-D] device fi\n+000347a0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 le. Make the\n+000347b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 device named DE\n+000347c0: 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 VICE correspond \n+000347d0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 to the contents \n+000347e0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 of the. file\n+000347f0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 system image in \n+00034800: 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 FILE. For examp\n+00034810: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c le:.. l\n+00034820: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 oopback loop0 /p\n+00034830: 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 ath/to/image. \n+00034840: 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 ls (loop0\n+00034850: 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 )/.. Specify\n+00034860: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 ing the ...-D...\n+00034870: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 option allows t\n+00034880: 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 he loopback file\n+00034890: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e to be. tran\n+000348a0: 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 parently decompr\n+000348b0: 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 essed if there i\n+000348c0: 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 s an appropriate\n+000348d0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 decompressor. \n+000348e0: 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 loaded... \n+000348f0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 With the ...-d.\n+00034900: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 .. option, delet\n+00034910: 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 e a device previ\n+00034920: 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 ously created us\n+00034930: 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f ing this. co\n+00034940: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mmand.....File: \n+00034950: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034960: 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 : ls, Next: lsf\n+00034970: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f onts, Prev: loo\n+00034980: 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d pback, Up: Comm\n+00034990: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000349a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d s..17.4.44 ls.--\n+000349b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000349c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e mmand: ls [arg .\n+000349d0: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 ..]. List de\n+000349e0: 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a vices or files..\n+000349f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 . With no ar\n+00034a00: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 guments, print a\n+00034a10: 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e ll devices known\n+00034a20: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 to GRUB... \n+00034a30: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n+00034a40: 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 is a device name\n+00034a50: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 enclosed in par\n+00034a60: 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a entheses (*note.\n+00034a70: 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 Device synt\n+00034a80: 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e ax::), then prin\n+00034a90: 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 t the name of th\n+00034aa0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 e filesystem of \n+00034ab0: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 that. device\n+00034ac0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ... If the a\n+00034ad0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 rgument is a dir\n+00034ae0: 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 ectory given as \n+00034af0: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n+00034b00: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 name. (*not\n+00034b10: 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e File name synt\n+00034b20: 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 ax::), then list\n+00034b30: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+00034b40: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 that. direc\n+00034b50: 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tory.....File: g\n+00034b60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034b70: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a lsfonts, Next:\n+00034b80: 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c lsmod, Prev: l\n+00034b90: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00034ba0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00034bb0: 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 7.4.45 lsfonts.-\n+00034bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034bd0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 -- Command: lsf\n+00034be0: 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c onts. List l\n+00034bf0: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a oaded fonts.....\n+00034c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00034c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: lsmod, \n+00034c20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 Next: md5sum, P\n+00034c30: 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 rev: lsfonts, U\n+00034c40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00034c50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n+00034c60: 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 lsmod.--------\n+00034c70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034c80: 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 nd: lsmod. S\n+00034c90: 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 how list of load\n+00034ca0: 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed modules.....F\n+00034cb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034cc0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 Node: md5sum, \n+00034cd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 Next: module, P\n+00034ce0: 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a rev: lsmod, Up:\n+00034cf0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00034d00: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 mmands..17.4.47 \n+00034d10: 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d md5sum.---------\n+00034d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034d30: 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e nd: md5sum arg .\n+00034d40: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n+00034d50: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n+00034d60: 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 ash md5 arg ....\n+00034d70: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+00034d80: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+00034d90: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+00034da0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+00034db0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+00034dc0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00034dd0: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 Node: module, \n+00034de0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Next: multiboot,\n+00034df0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 Prev: md5sum, \n+00034e00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034e10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034e20: 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .48 module.-----\n+00034e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034e40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b ommand: module [\n+00034e50: 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 --nounzip] file \n+00034e60: 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 [arguments]. \n+00034e70: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 Load a module f\n+00034e80: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 or multiboot ker\n+00034e90: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 nel image. The \n+00034ea0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+00034eb0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n+00034ec0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+00034ed0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c module command l\n+00034ee0: 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ine.....File: gr\n+00034ef0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00034f00: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 multiboot, Next\n+00034f10: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 : nativedisk, P\n+00034f20: 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 rev: module, Up\n+00034f30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00034f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 ommands..17.4.49\n+00034f50: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d multiboot.-----\n+00034f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00034f70: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 - Command: multi\n+00034f80: 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 boot [--quirk-ba\n+00034f90: 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 d-kludge]. \n+00034fa0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 [--quirk-mod\n+00034fb0: 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 ules-after-kerne\n+00034fc0: 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 l] file .... \n+00034fd0: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n+00034fe0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 t kernel image f\n+00034ff0: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 rom FILE. The r\n+00035000: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+00035010: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n+00035020: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n+00035030: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n+00035040: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d -line.... Any m\n+00035050: 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 odule must be. \n+00035060: 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 reloaded afte\n+00035070: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n+00035080: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 mand (*note modu\n+00035090: 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d le::)... Som\n+000350a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b e kernels have k\n+000350b0: 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 nown problems. \n+000350c0: 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 You need to spec\n+000350d0: 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 ify -quirk-* for\n+000350e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 . those. -q\n+000350f0: 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 uirk-bad-kludge \n+00035100: 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 is a problem see\n+00035110: 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f n in several pro\n+00035120: 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ducts. that \n+00035130: 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 they include loa\n+00035140: 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f ding kludge info\n+00035150: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 rmation with inv\n+00035160: 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 alid data in. \n+00035170: 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 ELF file. GRU\n+00035180: 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 B prior to 0.97 \n+00035190: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 and some custom \n+000351a0: 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 builds preferred\n+000351b0: 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d ELF. inform\n+000351c0: 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 ation while 0.97\n+000351d0: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 and GRUB 2 use \n+000351e0: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 kludge. Use thi\n+000351f0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 s option to. \n+00035200: 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 ignore kludge. \n+00035210: 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 Known affected \n+00035220: 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c systems: old Sol\n+00035230: 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 aris, SkyOS... \n+00035240: 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 -quirk-module\n+00035250: 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 s-after-kernel i\n+00035260: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 s needed for ker\n+00035270: 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 nels which load \n+00035280: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 at. relative\n+00035290: 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 ly high address \n+000352a0: 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b e.g. 16MiB mark\n+000352b0: 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 and can't cope \n+000352c0: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 with. module\n+000352d0: 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 s stuffed betwee\n+000352e0: 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 n 1MiB mark and \n+000352f0: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 beginning of the\n+00035300: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e kernel.. Kn\n+00035310: 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 own afftected sy\n+00035320: 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a stems: VMWare...\n+00035330: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035340: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 o, Node: native\n+00035350: 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 disk, Next: nor\n+00035360: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 mal, Prev: mult\n+00035370: 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d iboot, Up: Comm\n+00035380: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035390: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 s..17.4.50 nativ\n+000353a0: 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d edisk.----------\n+000353b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000353c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 mmand: nativedis\n+000353d0: 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 k. Switch fr\n+000353e0: 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b om firmware disk\n+000353f0: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 drivers to nati\n+00035400: 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 ve ones. Really\n+00035410: 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c useful. onl\n+00035420: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 y on platforms w\n+00035430: 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 here both firmwa\n+00035440: 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 re and native di\n+00035450: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 sk drives are. \n+00035460: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 available. C\n+00035470: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 urrently i386-pc\n+00035480: 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 , i386-efi, i386\n+00035490: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 -ieee1275 and. \n+000354a0: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a x86_64-efi...\n+000354b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000354c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c o, Node: normal\n+000354d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Next: normal_\n+000354e0: 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 exit, Prev: nat\n+000354f0: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ivedisk, Up: Co\n+00035500: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035510: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 nds..17.4.51 nor\n+00035520: 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mal.------------\n+00035530: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00035540: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 normal [file]. \n+00035550: 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c Enter normal\n+00035560: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 mode and displa\n+00035570: 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e y the GRUB menu.\n+00035580: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c .. In normal\n+00035590: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mode, commands,\n+000355a0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 filesystem modu\n+000355b0: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 les, and cryptog\n+000355c0: 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c raphy. modul\n+000355d0: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 es are automatic\n+000355e0: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 ally loaded, and\n+000355f0: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 the full GRUB s\n+00035600: 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 cript parser. \n+00035610: 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 is available. \n+00035620: 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d Other modules m\n+00035630: 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 ay be explicitly\n+00035640: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n+00035650: 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 ...insmod... \n+00035660: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+00035670: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c ... If a FIL\n+00035680: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e E is given, then\n+00035690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 commands will b\n+000356a0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 e read from that\n+000356b0: 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 file.. Othe\n+000356c0: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c rwise, they will\n+000356d0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 be read from ..\n+000356e0: 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 .$prefix/grub.cf\n+000356f0: 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 g... if it exist\n+00035700: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d s... ...norm\n+00035710: 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c al... may be cal\n+00035720: 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 led from within \n+00035730: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 normal mode, cre\n+00035740: 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 ating a nested. \n+00035750: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e environment.\n+00035760: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 It is more usu\n+00035770: 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e al to use ...con\n+00035780: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 figfile... (*not\n+00035790: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c e. configfil\n+000357a0: 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a e::) for this...\n+000357b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000357c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c o, Node: normal\n+000357d0: 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 _exit, Next: pa\n+000357e0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e rttool, Prev: n\n+000357f0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ormal, Up: Comm\n+00035800: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035810: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 s..17.4.52 norma\n+00035820: 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_exit.---------\n+00035830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00035840: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f Command: normal_\n+00035850: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e exit. Exit n\n+00035860: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n+00035870: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 e normal::). If\n+00035880: 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f this instance o\n+00035890: 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 f normal mode. \n+000358a0: 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 was not neste\n+000358b0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 d within another\n+000358c0: 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 one, then retur\n+000358d0: 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 n to rescue mode\n+000358e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000358f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 info, Node: par\n+00035900: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 ttool, Next: pa\n+00035910: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ssword, Prev: n\n+00035920: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a ormal_exit, Up:\n+00035930: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00035940: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 mmands..17.4.53 \n+00035950: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d parttool.-------\n+00035960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00035970: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ommand: parttool\n+00035980: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 partition comma\n+00035990: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 nds. Make va\n+000359a0: 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 rious modificati\n+000359b0: 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ons to partition\n+000359c0: 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a table entries..\n+000359d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 . Each COMMA\n+000359e0: 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 ND is either a b\n+000359f0: 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 oolean option, i\n+00035a00: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n+00035a10: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c must be. fol\n+00035a20: 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 lowed with ...+.\n+00035a30: 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 2877 .. or ...-... (w\n+00035a40: 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 ith no interveni\n+00035a50: 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 ng space) to ena\n+00035a60: 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 ble or. disa\n+00035a70: 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ble that option,\n+00035a80: 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 or else it take\n+00035a90: 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 s a value in the\n+00035aa0: 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f form. ...CO\n+00035ab0: 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a MMAND=VALUE.....\n+00035ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c . Currently,\n+00035ad0: 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 ...parttool... \n+00035ae0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f is only useful o\n+00035af0: 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n DOS partition \n+00035b00: 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 tables (also. \n+00035b10: 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 known as Maste\n+00035b20: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f r Boot Record, o\n+00035b30: 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 r MBR). On these\n+00035b40: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00035b50: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c s,. the foll\n+00035b60: 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 owing commands a\n+00035b70: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 re available:.. \n+00035b80: 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 ...boot... (\n+00035b90: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 boolean). \n+00035ba0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c When enabled,\n+00035bb0: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 this makes the \n+00035bc0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n+00035bd0: 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 on be the active\n+00035be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 . (boot\n+00035bf0: 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 able) partition \n+00035c00: 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 on its disk, cle\n+00035c10: 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 aring the active\n+00035c20: 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 flag on. \n+00035c30: 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 all other par\n+00035c40: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 titions. This c\n+00035c50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ommand is limite\n+00035c60: 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 d to _primary_. \n+00035c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 partiti\n+00035c80: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 ons... ...ty\n+00035c90: 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 pe... (value). \n+00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 Change t\n+00035cb0: 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 he type of an ex\n+00035cc0: 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e isting partition\n+00035cd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 . The value mus\n+00035ce0: 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t be a. \n+00035cf0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 number in the r\n+00035d00: 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 ange 0-0xFF (pre\n+00035d10: 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 fix with ...0x..\n+00035d20: 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e . to enter it in\n+00035d30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 . hexad\n+00035d40: 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ecimal)... .\n+00035d50: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f ..hidden... (boo\n+00035d60: 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lean). \n+00035d70: 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 When enabled, th\n+00035d80: 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c is hides the sel\n+00035d90: 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ected partition \n+00035da0: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 by setting the. \n+00035db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 ...hidd\n+00035dc0: 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 en... bit in its\n+00035dd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n+00035de0: 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 code; when disab\n+00035df0: 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 led,. u\n+00035e00: 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 nhides the selec\n+00035e10: 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 ted partition by\n+00035e20: 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 clearing this b\n+00035e30: 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 it. This is. \n+00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e useful on\n+00035e50: 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ly when booting \n+00035e60: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 DOS or Windows a\n+00035e70: 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d nd multiple prim\n+00035e80: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 ary. FA\n+00035e90: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 T partitions exi\n+00035ea0: 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 st in one disk. \n+00035eb0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a See also *note.\n+00035ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 DOS/Wi\n+00035ed0: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ndows::.....File\n+00035ee0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00035ef0: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e de: password, N\n+00035f00: 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ext: password_pb\n+00035f10: 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 kdf2, Prev: par\n+00035f20: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttool, Up: Comm\n+00035f30: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00035f40: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 s..17.4.54 passw\n+00035f50: 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ord.------------\n+00035f60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035f70: 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 d: password user\n+00035f80: 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a clear-password.\n+00035f90: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 Define a us\n+00035fa0: 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 er named USER wi\n+00035fb0: 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 th password CLEA\n+00035fc0: 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f R-PASSWORD. *No\n+00035fd0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 te. Security\n+00035fe0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00035ff0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00036000: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+00036010: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Next: plainmoun\n+00036020: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f t, Prev: passwo\n+00036030: 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rd, Up: Command\n+00036040: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00036050: 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 17.4.55 password\n+00036060: 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _pbkdf2.--------\n+00036070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00036080: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 . -- Command: pa\n+00036090: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 ssword_pbkdf2 us\n+000360a0: 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f er hashed-passwo\n+000360b0: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 rd. Define a\n+000360c0: 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 user named USER\n+000360d0: 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 with password h\n+000360e0: 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 ash HASHED-PASSW\n+000360f0: 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 ORD. Use. .\n+00036100: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d ..grub-mkpasswd-\n+00036110: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n+00036120: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00036130: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n+00036140: 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 ) to. genera\n+00036150: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 te password hash\n+00036160: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n+00036170: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00036180: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00036190: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e : plainmount, N\n+000361a0: 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 ext: play, Prev\n+000361b0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+000361c0: 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 2, Up: Command-\n+000361d0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000361e0: 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7.4.56 plainmoun\n+000361f0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00036200: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00036210: 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 d: plainmount de\n+00036220: 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d vice -c cipher -\n+00036230: 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 s key size [-h h\n+00036240: 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 ash]. [...-S\n+00036250: e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d ... sector size]\n+00036260: 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 [...-p... passw\n+00036270: 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 ord] [...-u... u\n+00036280: 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 uid] [[...-d... \n+00036290: 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 keyfile]. [.\n+000362a0: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 ..-O... keyfile \n+000362b0: 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 offset]].. S\n+000362c0: 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 etup access to t\n+000362d0: 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 he encrypted dev\n+000362e0: 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 ice in plain mod\n+000362f0: 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 e. Offset of th\n+00036300: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 e. encrypted\n+00036310: 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 data at the dev\n+00036320: 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ice is specified\n+00036330: 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 in terms of 512\n+00036340: 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f byte. secto\n+00036350: 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f rs using the blo\n+00036360: 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e cklist syntax an\n+00036370: 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 d loopback devic\n+00036380: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c e. The. fol\n+00036390: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 lowing example s\n+000363a0: 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 hows how to spec\n+000363b0: 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a ify 1MiB offset:\n+000363c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 .. loop\n+000363d0: 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 back node (hd0,g\n+000363e0: 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 pt1)2048+. \n+000363f0: 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e plainmount n\n+00036400: 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ode ..... Th\n+00036410: 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 e ...plainmount.\n+00036420: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 .. command can b\n+00036430: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c e used to open L\n+00036440: 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f UKS encrypted vo\n+00036450: 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 lume. if its\n+00036460: 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 master key and \n+00036470: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 parameters (key \n+00036480: 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 size, cipher, of\n+00036490: 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 fset, etc). \n+000364a0: 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 are known... \n+000364b0: 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 There are two w\n+000364c0: 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ays to specify a\n+000364d0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 password: a key\n+000364e0: 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 file and a secre\n+000364f0: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 t. passphras\n+00036500: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 e. The keyfile \n+00036510: 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 path parameter h\n+00036520: 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 as higher priori\n+00036530: 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ty than. the\n+00036540: 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 secret passphra\n+00036550: 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 se parameter and\n+00036560: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 is specified wi\n+00036570: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 th the option. \n+00036580: 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 ...-d.... Pa\n+00036590: 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 ssword data obta\n+000365a0: 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c ined from keyfil\n+000365b0: 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 es is not hashed\n+000365c0: 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 and is. use\n+000365d0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 d directly as a \n+000365e0: 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 cipher key. An \n+000365f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 optional offset \n+00036600: 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 of password data\n+00036610: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 . in the key\n+00036620: 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 file can be spec\n+00036630: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f ified with the o\n+00036640: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f ption ...-O... o\n+00036650: 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 r directly. \n+00036660: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 with the option \n+00036670: e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ...-d... and GRU\n+00036680: 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 B blocklist synt\n+00036690: 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 ax, if the keyfi\n+000366a0: 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e le data. can\n+000366b0: 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f be accessed fro\n+000366c0: 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 m a device and i\n+000366d0: 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e s 512 byte align\n+000366e0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f ed. The. fo\n+000366f0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n+00036700: 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f shows both metho\n+00036710: 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 ds to specify pa\n+00036720: 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 ssword data in. \n+00036730: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 the keyfile \n+00036740: 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a at offset 1MiB:.\n+00036750: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e . plain\n+00036760: 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 mount -d (hd0,gp\n+00036770: 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 t1)2048+ .... \n+00036780: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n+00036790: 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b t -d (hd0,gpt1)+\n+000367a0: 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a -O 1048576 ....\n+000367b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 . If no keyf\n+000367c0: 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ile is specified\n+000367d0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f then the passwo\n+000367e0: 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 rd is set to the\n+000367f0: 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 string. spe\n+00036800: 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e cified by option\n+00036810: 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 ...-p... or is \n+00036820: 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 requested intera\n+00036830: 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ctively from the\n+00036840: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 . console. \n+00036850: 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 In both cases th\n+00036860: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 e provided passw\n+00036870: 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 ord is hashed wi\n+00036880: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f th the. algo\n+00036890: 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 rithm specified \n+000368a0: 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 by the option ..\n+000368b0: 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 .-h.... This op\n+000368c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 tion is mandator\n+000368d0: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 y. if no key\n+000368e0: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 file is specifie\n+000368f0: 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 d, but it can be\n+00036900: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e set to ...plain\n+00036910: e280 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d ... which. m\n+00036920: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 eans that no has\n+00036930: 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 hing is done and\n+00036940: 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 such password i\n+00036950: 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 s used directly \n+00036960: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a as. a key...\n+00036970: 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d Cipher ...-\n+00036980: 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 c... and keysize\n+00036990: 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-s... option\n+000369a0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 s specify the ci\n+000369b0: 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 pher algorithm. \n+000369c0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 and the key \n+000369d0: 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c size respectivel\n+000369e0: 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 y and are mandat\n+000369f0: 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 ory options. Ci\n+00036a00: 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 pher. must b\n+00036a10: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n+00036a20: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 the mode separa\n+00036a30: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 ted by a dash (f\n+00036a40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 or example,. \n+00036a50: 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 ...aes-xts-plai\n+00036a60: 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 n64...). Key si\n+00036a70: 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 ze option ...-s.\n+00036a80: 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 .. is the key si\n+00036a90: 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 ze of the. c\n+00036aa0: 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e ipher in bits, n\n+00036ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 ot to be confuse\n+00036ac0: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 d with the offse\n+00036ad0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 t of the key dat\n+00036ae0: 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 a. in a keyf\n+00036af0: 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 ile specified wi\n+00036b00: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 th the ...-O... \n+00036b10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 option. It must\n+00036b20: 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 not exceed. \n+00036b30: 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 1024 bits, so a\n+00036b40: 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 32 byte key wou\n+00036b50: 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ld be specified \n+00036b60: 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 as 256 bits.. \n+00036b70: 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 The optional p\n+00036b80: 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 arameter ...-S..\n+00036b90: 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 . specifies encr\n+00036ba0: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 ypted device sec\n+00036bb0: 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 tor size.. I\n+00036bc0: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 t must be at lea\n+00036bd0: 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e st 512 bytes lon\n+00036be0: 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 g (default value\n+00036bf0: 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 ) and a power of\n+00036c00: 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 . 2. (1) (\n+00036c10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 *note plainmount\n+00036c20: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 -Footnote-1::). \n+00036c30: 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a Disk sector siz\n+00036c40: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 e is. config\n+00036c50: 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 ured when creati\n+00036c60: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 ng the encrypted\n+00036c70: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 volume. Attemp\n+00036c80: 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 ting to. dec\n+00036c90: 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 rypt volumes wit\n+00036ca0: 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 h a different se\n+00036cb0: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 ctor size than i\n+00036cc0: 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 t was created. \n+00036cd0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 with will not\n+00036ce0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 result in an er\n+00036cf0: 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 ror, but will de\n+00036d00: 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 crypt to random \n+00036d10: 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 bytes. and t\n+00036d20: 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 hus prevent acce\n+00036d30: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 ssing the volume\n+00036d40: 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 (in some cases \n+00036d50: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 the filesystem. \n+00036d60: 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 driver can d\n+00036d70: 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e etect the presen\n+00036d80: 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ce of a filesyst\n+00036d90: 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 em, but neverthe\n+00036da0: 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 less. will r\n+00036db0: 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 efuse to mount i\n+00036dc0: 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 t)... By def\n+00036dd0: 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ault new plainmo\n+00036de0: 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c unt devices will\n+00036df0: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 be given a UUID\n+00036e00: 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 starting. w\n+00036e10: 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 ith '109fea84-a6\n+00036e20: 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 b7-34a8-4bd1-1c5\n+00036e30: 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 06305a401' where\n+00036e40: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 the last digits\n+00036e50: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d . are increm\n+00036e60: 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 ented by one for\n+00036e70: 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 each plainmount\n+00036e80: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 ed device beyond\n+00036e90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 the. first \n+00036ea0: 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 up to 2^10 devic\n+00036eb0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e es... All en\n+00036ec0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e cryption argumen\n+00036ed0: 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 ts (cipher, hash\n+00036ee0: 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b , key size, disk\n+00036ef0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 offset and. \n+00036f00: 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a disk sector siz\n+00036f10: 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 e) must match th\n+00036f20: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 e parameters use\n+00036f30: 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a d to create the.\n+00036f40: 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 volume. If\n+00036f50: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 any of them doe\n+00036f60: 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 s not match the \n+00036f70: 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 actual arguments\n+00036f80: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e used. durin\n+00036f90: 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e g the initial en\n+00036fa0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d cryption, plainm\n+00036fb0: 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 ount will create\n+00036fc0: 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 virtual. de\n+00036fd0: 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 vice with the ga\n+00036fe0: 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 rbage data and G\n+00036ff0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 RUB will report \n+00037000: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c unknown. fil\n+00037010: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 esystem for such\n+00037020: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 device.....File\n+00037030: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037040: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 de: plainmount-F\n+00037050: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 ootnotes, Up: p\n+00037060: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 lainmount.. (1\n+00037070: 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d ) Current implem\n+00037080: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 entation of cryp\n+00037090: 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 tsetup supports \n+000370a0: 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 only.512/1024/20\n+000370b0: 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 48/4096 byte sec\n+000370c0: 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tors....File: gr\n+000370d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000370e0: 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f play, Next: pro\n+000370f0: 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e be, Prev: plain\n+00037100: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mount, Up: Comm\n+00037110: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037120: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a s..17.4.57 play.\n+00037130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00037140: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 - Command: play \n+00037150: 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 file | tempo [pi\n+00037160: 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 tch1 duration1] \n+00037170: 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e [pitch2 duration\n+00037180: 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 2] .... Play\n+00037190: 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 s a tune.. I\n+000371a0: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 f the argument i\n+000371b0: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a s a file name (*\n+000371c0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n+000371d0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 yntax::), play t\n+000371e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 he. tune rec\n+000371f0: 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 orded in it. Th\n+00037200: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 e file format is\n+00037210: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f first the tempo\n+00037220: 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 as an. unsi\n+00037230: 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c gned 32bit littl\n+00037240: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c e-endian number,\n+00037250: 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 then pairs of u\n+00037260: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 nsigned 16bit. \n+00037270: 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e little-endian\n+00037280: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 numbers for pit\n+00037290: 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 ch and duration \n+000372a0: 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 pairs... If \n+000372b0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 the arguments ar\n+000372c0: 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 e a series of nu\n+000372d0: 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 mbers, play the \n+000372e0: 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 inline tune... \n+000372f0: 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 The tempo is \n+00037300: 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c the base for all\n+00037310: 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e note durations.\n+00037320: 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 60 gives a 1-s\n+00037330: 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c econd. base,\n+00037340: 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 120 gives a hal\n+00037350: 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 f-second base, e\n+00037360: 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 tc. Pitches are\n+00037370: 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 Hz. Set. p\n+00037380: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f itch to 0 to pro\n+00037390: 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a duce a rest.....\n+000373a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000373b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 Node: probe, \n+000373c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Next: rdmsr, Pr\n+000373d0: 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: play, Up: C\n+000373e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000373f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 ands..17.4.58 pr\n+00037400: 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d obe.------------\n+00037410: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037420: 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 probe [--set var\n+00037430: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 ]. --dr\n+00037440: 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d iver|--partmap|-\n+00037450: 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d -fs|--fs-uuid|--\n+00037460: 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 label|--part-uui\n+00037470: 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 d device. Re\n+00037480: 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e trieve device in\n+00037490: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f formation. If o\n+000374a0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 ption ...--set..\n+000374b0: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 . is given, assi\n+000374c0: 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 gn. result t\n+000374d0: 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 o variable VAR, \n+000374e0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 otherwise print \n+000374f0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 information on t\n+00037500: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 he screen... \n+00037510: 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d The option ...-\n+00037520: 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 -part-uuid... is\n+00037530: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 currently only \n+00037540: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 implemented for \n+00037550: 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 MSDOS. and G\n+00037560: 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 PT formatted dis\n+00037570: 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ks.....File: gru\n+00037580: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n+00037590: 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 dmsr, Next: rea\n+000375a0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c d, Prev: probe,\n+000375b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000375c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000375d0: 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.59 rdmsr.-----\n+000375e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000375f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: rdmsr 0x\n+00037600: 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 ADDR [-v VARNAME\n+00037610: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Read a mo\n+00037620: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n+00037630: 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 ister at address\n+00037640: 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 0xADDR. If the \n+00037650: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 parameter. .\n+00037660: 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 ..-v... is used \n+00037670: 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 and an environme\n+00037680: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e nt variable VARN\n+00037690: 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 AME is given, se\n+000376a0: 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 t that. envi\n+000376b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000376c0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 to the value th\n+000376d0: 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 at was read... \n+000376e0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 Please note t\n+000376f0: 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 hat on SMP syste\n+00037700: 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d ms, reading from\n+00037710: 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 a MSR that has \n+00037720: 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 a. scope per\n+00037730: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 hardware thread\n+00037740: 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 , implies that t\n+00037750: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 he value that is\n+00037760: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f returned. o\n+00037770: 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 nly applies to t\n+00037780: 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 he particular cp\n+00037790: 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 u/core/thread th\n+000377a0: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 at runs the. \n+000377b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+000377c0: 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 Also, if you spe\n+000377d0: 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 cify a reserved \n+000377e0: 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 or unimplemented\n+000377f0: 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 MSR address, it\n+00037800: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 . will cause\n+00037810: 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 a general prote\n+00037820: 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ction exception \n+00037830: 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 (which is not cu\n+00037840: 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 rrently. bei\n+00037850: 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 ng handled) and \n+00037860: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 the system will \n+00037870: 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a reboot.....File:\n+00037880: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037890: 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: read, Next: \n+000378a0: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 reboot, Prev: r\n+000378b0: 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dmsr, Up: Comma\n+000378c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000378d0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d ..17.4.60 read.-\n+000378e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000378f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b Command: read [\n+00037900: 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 -s] [var]. R\n+00037910: 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e ead a line of in\n+00037920: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 put from the use\n+00037930: 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f r. If an enviro\n+00037940: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 nment variable V\n+00037950: 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e AR. is given\n+00037960: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 , set that envir\n+00037970: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00037980: 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 to the line of i\n+00037990: 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 nput that. w\n+000379a0: 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f as read, with no\n+000379b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 terminating new\n+000379c0: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 line. If the pa\n+000379d0: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 rameter ...-s...\n+000379e0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 is. used, e\n+000379f0: 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 nable silent mod\n+00037a00: 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 e where input is\n+00037a10: 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 not printed to \n+00037a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 the. termina\n+00037a30: 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 l.....File: grub\n+00037a40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n+00037a50: 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 boot, Next: reg\n+00037a60: 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 exp, Prev: read\n+00037a70: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00037a80: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00037a90: 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d .4.61 reboot.---\n+00037aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00037ab0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 Command: reboot\n+00037ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 . Reboot the\n+00037ad0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 computer.....Fi\n+00037ae0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037af0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e Node: regexp, N\n+00037b00: 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 ext: rmmod, Pre\n+00037b10: 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 v: reboot, Up: \n+00037b20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037b30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 mands..17.4.62 r\n+00037b40: 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d egexp.----------\n+00037b50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00037b60: 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 d: regexp [--set\n+00037b70: 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 [number:]var] r\n+00037b80: 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 egexp string. \n+00037b90: 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 Test if regula\n+00037ba0: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 r expression REG\n+00037bb0: 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 EXP matches STRI\n+00037bc0: 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 NG. Supported. \n+00037bd0: 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 regular expr\n+00037be0: 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 essions are POSI\n+00037bf0: 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 X.2 Extended Reg\n+00037c00: 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 ular Expressions\n+00037c10: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f . If. optio\n+00037c20: 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 n ...--set... is\n+00037c30: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 given, store NU\n+00037c40: 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 MBERth matched s\n+00037c50: 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a ubexpression in.\n+00037c60: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 variable VA\n+00037c70: 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f R. Subexpressio\n+00037c80: 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 ns are numbered \n+00037c90: 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 in order of thei\n+00037ca0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 r. opening p\n+00037cb0: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 arentheses start\n+00037cc0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 ing from ...1...\n+00037cd0: 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c . NUMBER defaul\n+00037ce0: 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a ts to ...1......\n+00037cf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037d00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c o, Node: rmmod,\n+00037d10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 Next: save_env\n+00037d20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c , Prev: regexp,\n+00037d30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00037d40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00037d50: 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.63 rmmod.-----\n+00037d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037d70: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 mmand: rmmod mod\n+00037d80: 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ule. Remove \n+00037d90: 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e a loaded MODULE.\n+00037da0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037db0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 nfo, Node: save\n+00037dc0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 _env, Next: sea\n+00037dd0: 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f rch, Prev: rmmo\n+00037de0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n+00037df0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00037e00: 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 7.4.64 save_env.\n+00037e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037e20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+00037e30: 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 ave_env [--file \n+00037e40: 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 file] var .... \n+00037e50: 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 Save the name\n+00037e60: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d d variables from\n+00037e70: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00037e80: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d to the environm\n+00037e90: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ent. block f\n+00037ea0: 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ile. *Note Envi\n+00037eb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n+00037ec0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n+00037ed0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n+00037ee0: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n+00037ef0: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n+00037f00: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00037f10: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n+00037f20: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n+00037f30: 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 will operate suc\n+00037f40: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 cessfully even w\n+00037f50: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a hen environment.\n+00037f60: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 variable ..\n+00037f70: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+00037f80: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 s... is set to .\n+00037f90: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ..enforce... (*n\n+00037fa0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 ote. check_s\n+00037fb0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 ignatures::), si\n+00037fc0: 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f nce it writes to\n+00037fd0: 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e disk and does n\n+00037fe0: 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ot alter the. \n+00037ff0: 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 behavior of GR\n+00038000: 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 UB based on any \n+00038010: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b contents of disk\n+00038020: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 that have been \n+00038030: 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 read.. It is\n+00038040: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 possible to mod\n+00038050: 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 ify a digitally \n+00038060: 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 signed environme\n+00038070: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 nt block file. \n+00038080: 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 from within G\n+00038090: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 RUB using this c\n+000380a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 ommand, such tha\n+000380b0: 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 t its signature \n+000380c0: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e will. no lon\n+000380d0: 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 ger be valid on \n+000380e0: 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 subsequent boots\n+000380f0: 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 . Care should b\n+00038100: 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e taken in. \n+00038110: 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f such advanced co\n+00038120: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 nfigurations to \n+00038130: 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 avoid rendering \n+00038140: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 the system. \n+00038150: 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f unbootable. *No\n+00038160: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n+00038170: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n+00038180: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 or more. inf\n+00038190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+000381a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000381b0: 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 ode: search, Ne\n+000381c0: 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 xt: sendkey, Pr\n+000381d0: 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 ev: save_env, U\n+000381e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000381f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+00038200: 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 search.-------\n+00038210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00038220: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d mand: search [--\n+00038230: 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 file|--label|--f\n+00038240: 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b s-uuid] [--set [\n+00038250: 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 var]]. \n+00038260: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 [--no-floppy|--e\n+00038270: 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d fidisk-only] nam\n+00038280: 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 e. Search de\n+00038290: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 vices by file (.\n+000382a0: 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 ..-f..., ...--fi\n+000382b0: 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 le...), filesyst\n+000382c0: 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 em label (...-l.\n+000382d0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 ..,. ...--la\n+000382e0: 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 bel...), or file\n+000382f0: 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 system UUID (...\n+00038300: 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 -u..., ...--fs-u\n+00038310: 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 uid...)... I\n+00038320: 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c f the (...-s...,\n+00038330: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 ...--set...) op\n+00038340: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 tion is used, th\n+00038350: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 e first device f\n+00038360: 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ound is. set\n+00038370: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 as the value of\n+00038380: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00038390: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 iable VAR. The \n+000383a0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 default variable\n+000383b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 . is ...root\n+000383c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 ...... The (\n+000383d0: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e ...-n..., ...--n\n+000383e0: 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 o-floppy...) opt\n+000383f0: 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 ion prevents sea\n+00038400: 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 rching floppy de\n+00038410: 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 vices,. whic\n+00038420: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a h can be slow...\n+00038430: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 The (...--e\n+00038440: 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 fidisk-only...) \n+00038450: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 option prevents \n+00038460: 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 searching any ot\n+00038470: 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 her devices. \n+00038480: 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e then EFI disks.\n+00038490: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 This is typica\n+000384a0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 lly used when ch\n+000384b0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f ainloading to lo\n+000384c0: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 cal. EFI par\n+000384d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 tition... Th\n+000384e0: 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e ...search.file\n+000384f0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 ..., ...search.f\n+00038500: 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 s_label..., and \n+00038510: e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 ...search.fs_uui\n+00038520: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 d... commands. \n+00038530: 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 are aliases f\n+00038540: 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 or ...search --f\n+00038550: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 ile..., ...searc\n+00038560: 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e h --label..., an\n+00038570: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 d ...search. \n+00038580: 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 --fs-uuid... re\n+00038590: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 spectively... \n+000385a0: 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 Also hints as \n+000385b0: 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 to which device \n+000385c0: 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 may be the most \n+000385d0: 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 likely to contai\n+000385e0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 n the. item \n+000385f0: 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 searched for may\n+00038600: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 be given via th\n+00038610: 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-h..., ...\n+00038620: 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f --hint...) optio\n+00038630: 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 n with. a de\n+00038640: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 vice name as an \n+00038650: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 argument. If th\n+00038660: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 e argument ends \n+00038670: 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 with a comma,. \n+00038680: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f then partitio\n+00038690: 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ns on the device\n+000386a0: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 are also search\n+000386b0: 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 ed. Furthermore\n+000386c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ,. platform \n+000386d0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d specific hints m\n+000386e0: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 ay be given via \n+000386f0: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 the options. \n+00038700: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 ...--hint-ieee1\n+00038710: 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 275..., ...--hin\n+00038720: 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d t-bios..., ...--\n+00038730: 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 hint-baremetal..\n+00038740: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 ., ...--hint-efi\n+00038750: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 ...,. and ..\n+00038760: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 .--hint-arc.... \n+00038770: 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c When specified,\n+00038780: 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 these options t\n+00038790: 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a ake an argument.\n+000387a0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 and operate\n+000387b0: 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 like ...--hint.\n+000387c0: 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 .., but only on \n+000387d0: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c the specified pl\n+000387e0: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a atform.....File:\n+000387f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00038800: 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 e: sendkey, Nex\n+00038810: 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 t: set, Prev: s\n+00038820: 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d earch, Up: Comm\n+00038830: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00038840: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b s..17.4.66 sendk\n+00038850: 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ey.-------------\n+00038860: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00038870: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+00038880: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 [--num|--caps\n+00038890: 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 |--scroll|--inse\n+000388a0: 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 rt|--pause|--lef\n+000388b0: 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d t-shift|--right-\n+000388c0: 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d shift|--sysrq|--\n+000388d0: 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 numkey|--capskey\n+000388e0: 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 |--scrollkey|--i\n+000388f0: 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d nsertkey|--left-\n+00038900: 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c alt|--right-alt|\n+00038910: 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 --left-ctrl|--ri\n+00038920: 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ght-ctrl. \n+00038930: 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e on|off]... [n\n+00038940: 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 o-led] keystroke\n+00038950: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 . Insert key\n+00038960: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 strokes into the\n+00038970: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 keyboard buffer\n+00038980: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 when booting. \n+00038990: 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 Sometimes. a\n+000389a0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+000389b0: 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 em or chainloade\n+000389c0: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 d boot loader re\n+000389d0: 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 quires particula\n+000389e0: 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 r. keys to b\n+000389f0: 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 e pressed: for e\n+00038a00: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 xample, one migh\n+00038a10: 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 t need to press \n+00038a20: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 a. particula\n+00038a30: 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 r key to enter \"\n+00038a40: 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 safe mode\", or w\n+00038a50: 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 hen chainloading\n+00038a60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f another. bo\n+00038a70: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 ot loader one mi\n+00038a80: 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f ght send keystro\n+00038a90: 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 kes to it to nav\n+00038aa0: 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a igate its menu..\n+00038ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 . Note: This\n+00038ac0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 command is curr\n+00038ad0: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c ently only avail\n+00038ae0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 able on the i386\n+00038af0: 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e -pc. target.\n+00038b00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 .. You may p\n+00038b10: 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 rovide up to 16 \n+00038b20: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 keystrokes (the \n+00038b30: 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 length of the BI\n+00038b40: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 OS. keyboard\n+00038b50: 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 buffer). Keyst\n+00038b60: 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 roke names may b\n+00038b70: 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 e upper-case or \n+00038b80: 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 lower-case. \n+00038b90: 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c letters, digits,\n+00038ba0: 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 or taken from t\n+00038bb0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n+00038bc0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 le:.. Name \n 00038bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 4b65 790a 2020 2020 202d Key. -\n-00038bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00038be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4b65 790a 2020 2020 Key. \n+00038bf0: 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ---------------\n 00038c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038c10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038c30: 2d2d 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6361 7065 2020 --. escape \n+00038c30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6361 7065 ----. escape\n 00038c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038c50: 2020 2020 2020 4573 6361 7065 0a20 2020 Escape. \n-00038c60: 2020 6578 636c 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 exclam \n+00038c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4573 6361 7065 0a20 Escape. \n+00038c60: 2020 2020 6578 636c 616d 2020 2020 2020 exclam \n 00038c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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\n-00039000: 7175 6f74 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 quote \n-00039010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 270a '.\n-00039020: 2020 2020 2064 6f75 626c 6571 756f 7465 doublequote\n-00039030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039040: 2020 2022 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 7175 \". backqu\n-00039050: 6f74 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ote \n-00039060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 270a 2020 2020 2074 '. t\n-00039070: 696c 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ilde \n-00039080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207e 0a20 ~. \n-00039090: 2020 2020 7368 6966 7420 2020 2020 2020 shift \n+00038eb0: 2020 2020 2054 6162 0a20 2020 2020 6272 Tab. br\n+00038ec0: 6163 6b65 746c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 acketleft \n+00038ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b0a 2020 [. \n+00038ee0: 2020 2062 7261 6365 6c65 6674 2020 2020 braceleft \n+00038ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038f00: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 6b65 7472 {. bracketr\n+00038f10: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight 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2071 7565 7374 696f /. questio\n+000391e0: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n \n+000391f0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a20 2020 2020 7273 ?. rs\n+00039200: 6869 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hift \n+00039210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6573 pres\n+00039220: 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7269 s and release ri\n+00039230: 6768 7420 5368 6966 740a 2020 2020 2061 ght Shift. a\n+00039240: 6c74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lt \n+00039250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 pre\n+00039260: 7373 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6561 7365 2041 ss and release A\n+00039270: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 2020 lt. space \n 00039280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039290: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6261 720a 2020 space bar. \n-000392a0: 2020 2063 6170 736c 6f63 6b20 2020 2020 capslock \n+00039290: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6261 720a space bar.\n+000392a0: 2020 2020 2063 6170 736c 6f63 6b20 2020 capslock \n 000392b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000392c0: 2043 6170 7320 4c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 Caps Lock. \n-000392d0: 4631 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F1 \n-000392e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-000392f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4632 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F2 \n+000392c0: 2020 2043 6170 7320 4c6f 636b 0a20 2020 Caps Lock. \n+000392d0: 2020 4631 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F1 \n+000392e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000392f0: 4631 0a20 2020 2020 4632 2020 2020 2020 F1. F2 \n 00039300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039310: 2020 2020 4632 0a20 2020 2020 4633 2020 F2. F3 \n+00039310: 2020 2020 2020 4632 0a20 2020 2020 4633 F2. F3\n 00039320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4633 0a20 2020 F3. \n-00039340: 2020 4634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n+00039330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4633 0a20 F3. \n+00039340: 2020 2020 4634 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n 00039350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039360: 4634 0a20 2020 2020 4635 2020 2020 2020 F4. F5 \n+00039360: 2020 4634 0a20 2020 2020 4635 2020 2020 F4. F5 \n 00039370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039380: 2020 2020 2020 4635 0a20 2020 2020 4636 F5. F6\n-00039390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 F6. \n-000393b0: 2020 2020 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+00039380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4635 0a20 2020 2020 F5. \n+00039390: 4636 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+000393a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4636 F6\n+000393b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4637 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F7 \n 000393c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393d0: 2020 4637 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 F7. F8 \n+000393d0: 2020 2020 4637 0a20 2020 2020 4638 2020 F7. F8 \n 000393e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 F8. \n-00039400: 4639 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n-00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 F9\n-00039420: 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 . F10 \n+000393f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4638 0a20 2020 F8. \n+00039400: 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+00039410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039420: 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3020 2020 2020 F9. F10 \n 00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039440: 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 F10. F11\n-00039450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 F11. \n-00039470: 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+00039440: 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 2020 2046 F10. F\n+00039450: 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 11 \n+00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 F11\n+00039470: 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 . F12 \n 00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 F12. num1 \n-000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 1 (nume\n-000394c0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000394d0: 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2\n-000394f0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039500: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 ). num3 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d F12. num\n+000394a0: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 1 (nu\n+000394c0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000394d0: 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+000394e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394f0: 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 2 (numeric keyp\n+00039500: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 ad). num3 \n 00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 3 (numeric \n-00039530: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039540: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n-00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 4 (nu\n-00039560: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039570: 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 3 (numeri\n+00039530: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039540: 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um4 \n+00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 4 (\n+00039560: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039570: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n 00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 5 (numeric keyp\n-000395a0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 ad). num6 \n+00039590: 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 5 (numeric ke\n+000395a0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 ypad). num6 \n 000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6 (numeri\n-000395d0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000395e0: 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um7 \n-000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 7 (\n-00039600: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039610: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 6 (nume\n+000395d0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000395e0: 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 7\n+00039600: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039610: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 ). num8 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 8 (numeric ke\n-00039640: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 ypad). num9 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 9 (nume\n-00039670: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039680: 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 0\n-000396a0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000396b0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 ). numperiod\n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396d0: 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 . (numeric\n-000396e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000396f0: 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mend \n-00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 End \n-00039710: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039720: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 . numdown \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 8 (numeric \n+00039640: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039650: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00039660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 9 (nu\n+00039670: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039680: 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396a0: 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 0 (numeric keyp\n+000396b0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 ad). numperi\n+000396c0: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od \n+000396d0: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 . (numer\n+000396e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000396f0: 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n+00039710: 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 d (numeric keypa\n+00039720: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 d). numdown \n 00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039740: 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Down (numeri\n-00039750: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039760: 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 umpgdown \n-00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n-00039780: 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 e Down (numeric \n-00039790: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-000397a0: 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n-000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 Left \n-000397c0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000397d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 . numcenter \n-000397e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397f0: 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 5 with Num L\n-00039800: 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 ock inactive (nu\n-00039810: 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 meric. \n+00039740: 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 Down (nume\n+00039750: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039760: 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 numpgdown \n+00039770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+00039780: 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 age Down (numeri\n+00039790: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+000397a0: 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umleft \n+000397b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 Lef\n+000397c0: 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 t (numeric keypa\n+000397d0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 d). numcente\n+000397e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 5 with Num\n+00039800: 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 Lock inactive (\n+00039810: 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 numeric. \n 00039820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 keypad)\n-00039840: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 . numright \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 keypa\n+00039840: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 d). numright\n 00039850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039860: 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 Right (numer\n-00039870: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039880: 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n-00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n-000398a0: 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 me (numeric keyp\n-000398b0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 ad). numup \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d Right (num\n+00039870: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039880: 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n+00039890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000398a0: 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Home (numeric ke\n+000398b0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 ypad). numup\n 000398c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 Up (numer\n-000398e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000398f0: 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n-00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n-00039910: 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b ge Up (numeric k\n-00039920: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 eypad). numi\n-00039930: 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsert \n-00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 Insert\n-00039950: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039960: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 ). numdelete\n-00039970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039980: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d Delete (num\n-00039990: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000399a0: 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 numasterisk \n+000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d Up (num\n+000398e0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000398f0: 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n+00039900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039910: 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 Page Up (numeric\n+00039920: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039930: 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 minsert \n+00039940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 Inse\n+00039950: 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 rt (numeric keyp\n+00039960: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 ad). numdele\n+00039970: 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e Delete (n\n+00039990: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000399a0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 numasterisk \n 000399b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399c0: 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 * (numeric keypa\n-000399d0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 d). numminus\n-000399e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 - (numeric\n-00039a00: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039a10: 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mplus \n-00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e + (n\n-00039a30: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039a40: 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 numslash \n+000399c0: 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 * (numeric key\n+000399d0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e pad). nummin\n+000399e0: 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 - (numer\n+00039a00: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039a10: 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 + \n+00039a30: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a40: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 . numslash \n 00039a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a60: 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 / (numeric key\n-00039a70: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 pad). nument\n-00039a80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e Enter (n\n-00039aa0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039ab0: 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b / (numeric k\n+00039a70: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 eypad). nume\n+00039a80: 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter \n+00039a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 Enter \n+00039aa0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 . delete \n 00039ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ad0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e Delete. in\n-00039ae0: 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sert \n-00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 Inse\n-00039b00: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 rt. home \n+00039ad0: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 Delete. \n+00039ae0: 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e In\n+00039b00: 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 sert. home \n 00039b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 Home. \n-00039b30: 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n-00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n-00039b50: 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 d. pgdown \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 Home. \n+00039b30: 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b50: 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 End. pgdown \n 00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b70: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 Page Down. \n-00039b80: 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00039b70: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e Page Down\n+00039b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 . pgup \n 00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ba0: 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 Page Up. d\n-00039bb0: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 Dow\n-00039bd0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 n. up \n+00039ba0: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 Page Up. \n+00039bb0: 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00039bd0: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 own. up \n 00039be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bf0: 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 Up. lef\n-00039c00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a Left.\n-00039c20: 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c Up. l\n+00039c00: 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft \n+00039c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 Lef\n+00039c20: 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 t. right \n 00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 Right.. A\n-00039c50: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 s well as keystr\n-00039c60: 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e okes, the ...sen\n-00039c70: 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 dkey... command \n-00039c80: 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 takes various op\n-00039c90: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 tions. that \n-00039ca0: 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 affect the BIOS \n-00039cb0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 keyboard status \n-00039cc0: 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 flags. These op\n-00039cd0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 tions take an. \n-00039ce0: 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...on... or .\n-00039cf0: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 ..off... paramet\n-00039d00: 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 er, specifying t\n-00039d10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f hat the correspo\n-00039d20: 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 nding status. \n-00039d30: 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 flag be set or\n-00039d40: 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 unset; omitting\n-00039d50: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 the option for \n-00039d60: 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 a given status f\n-00039d70: 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 lag. will le\n-00039d80: 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 ave that flag at\n-00039d90: 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 its initial sta\n-00039da0: 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 te at boot. The\n-00039db0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 ...--num...,. \n-00039dc0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c ...--caps...,\n-00039dd0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c ...--scroll...,\n-00039de0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 and ...--insert\n-00039df0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c ... options emul\n-00039e00: 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a ate setting the.\n-00039e10: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 correspondi\n-00039e20: 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 ng mode, while t\n-00039e30: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 he ...--numkey..\n-00039e40: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 ., ...--capskey.\n-00039e50: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 ..,. ...--sc\n-00039e60: 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rollkey..., and \n-00039e70: e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 ...--insertkey..\n-00039e80: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 . options emulat\n-00039e90: 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 e pressing and. \n-00039ea0: 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 holding the \n-00039eb0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 corresponding ke\n-00039ec0: 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 y. The other st\n-00039ed0: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e atus flag option\n-00039ee0: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d s are. self-\n-00039ef0: 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 explanatory... \n-00039f00: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e If the ...--n\n-00039f10: 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 o-led... option \n-00039f20: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 is given, the st\n-00039f30: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e atus flag option\n-00039f40: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 s will. have\n-00039f50: 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 no effect on ke\n-00039f60: 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 yboard LEDs... \n-00039f70: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e If the ...sen\n-00039f80: 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 dkey... command \n-00039f90: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c is given multipl\n-00039fa0: 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e e times, then on\n-00039fb0: 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 ly the. last\n-00039fc0: 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 invocation has \n-00039fd0: 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 any effect... \n-00039fe0: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b Since ...sendk\n-00039ff0: 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 ey... manipulate\n-0003a000: 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f s the BIOS keybo\n-0003a010: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d ard buffer, it m\n-0003a020: 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 ay cause. ha\n-0003a030: 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 ngs, reboots, or\n-0003a040: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 other misbehavi\n-0003a050: 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 our on some syst\n-0003a060: 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ems. If the. \n-0003a070: 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 operating syst\n-0003a080: 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 em or boot loade\n-0003a090: 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 r that runs afte\n-0003a0a0: 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 r GRUB uses its \n-0003a0b0: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 own. keyboar\n-0003a0c0: 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 d driver rather \n-0003a0d0: 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 than the BIOS ke\n-0003a0e0: 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 yboard functions\n-0003a0f0: 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 , then. ...s\n-0003a100: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 endkey... will h\n-0003a110: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a ave no effect...\n-0003a120: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0003a130: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0003a140: 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 ble on PC BIOS s\n-0003a150: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n-0003a160: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a170: 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 e: set, Next: s\n-0003a180: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 ha1sum, Prev: s\n-0003a190: 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d endkey, Up: Com\n-0003a1a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003a1b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a ds..17.4.67 set.\n-0003a1c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a1d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 Command: set [e\n-0003a1e0: 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 nvvar=value]. \n-0003a1f0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Set the enviro\n-0003a200: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n-0003a210: 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 NVVAR to VALUE. \n-0003a220: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n-0003a230: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e no. argumen\n-0003a240: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e ts, print all en\n-0003a250: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003a260: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 les with their v\n-0003a270: 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 alues. For. \n-0003a280: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 the list of env\n-0003a290: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003a2a0: 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 es currently use\n-0003a2b0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 d by GRUB itself\n-0003a2c0: 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 see. the re\n-0003a2d0: 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a levant section *\n-0003a2e0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-0003a2f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0003a300: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a310: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 ha1sum, Next: s\n-0003a320: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a ha256sum, Prev:\n-0003a330: 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 set, Up: Comma\n-0003a340: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003a350: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 ..17.4.68 sha1su\n-0003a360: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-0003a370: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a380: 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a sha1sum arg ....\n-0003a390: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n-0003a3a0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n-0003a3b0: 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 sha1 arg ......\n-0003a3c0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0003a3d0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0003a3e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0003a3f0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0003a400: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0003a410: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a420: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 ode: sha256sum, \n-0003a430: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d Next: sha512sum\n-0003a440: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Prev: sha1sum\n-0003a450: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a460: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a470: 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a .4.69 sha256sum.\n-0003a480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003a490: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003a4a0: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e sha256sum arg ..\n-0003a4b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-0003a4c0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n-0003a4d0: 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e sh sha256 arg ..\n-0003a4e0: 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..... See comma\n-0003a4f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 nd ...hashsum...\n-0003a500: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 . (*note has\n-0003a510: 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c hsum::) for full\n-0003a520: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f description....\n-0003a530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003a540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 , Node: sha512s\n-0003a550: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 um, Next: sleep\n-0003a560: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Prev: sha256s\n-0003a570: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-0003a580: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003a590: 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 17.4.70 sha512su\n-0003a5a0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003a5c0: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha512sum arg \n-0003a5d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-0003a5e0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-0003a5f0: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 hash sha512 arg \n-0003a600: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n-0003a610: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n-0003a620: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n-0003a630: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n-0003a640: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n-0003a650: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003a660: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 fo, Node: sleep\n-0003a670: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c , Next: smbios,\n-0003a680: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 Prev: sha512su\n-0003a690: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n-0003a6a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003a6b0: 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.71 sleep.---\n-0003a6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003a6d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b Command: sleep [\n-0003a6e0: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e --verbose] [--in\n-0003a6f0: 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 terruptible] cou\n-0003a700: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f nt. Sleep fo\n-0003a710: 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e r COUNT seconds.\n-0003a720: 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d If option ...-\n-0003a730: 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 -interruptible..\n-0003a740: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 . is given,. \n-0003a750: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 allow pressing \n-0003a760: 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 , or h\n-0003a770: 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 olding down to interrupt\n-0003a790: 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 . sleep. Wi\n-0003a7a0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 th ...--verbose.\n-0003a7b0: 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 .. show countdow\n-0003a7c0: 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 n of remaining s\n-0003a7d0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 econds. Exit. \n-0003a7e0: 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 code is set t\n-0003a7f0: 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 o 0 if timeout e\n-0003a800: 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 xpired and to 1 \n-0003a810: 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 if timeout was. \n-0003a820: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 interrupted \n-0003a830: 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 using any of the\n-0003a840: 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e mentioned keys.\n-0003a850: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003a860: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 nfo, Node: smbi\n-0003a870: 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 os, Next: sourc\n-0003a880: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c e, Prev: sleep,\n-0003a890: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003a8a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003a8b0: 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 4.72 smbios.----\n-0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003a8d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 Command: smbios \n-0003a8e0: 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d [--type TYPE] [-\n-0003a8f0: 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 -handle HANDLE] \n-0003a900: 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a [--match MATCH].\n-0003a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 (--get\n-0003a920: 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f -byte | --get-wo\n-0003a930: 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 rd | --get-dword\n-0003a940: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c | --get-qword |\n-0003a950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 . --get\n-0003a960: 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d -string | --get-\n-0003a970: 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d uuid) OFFSET [--\n-0003a980: 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 set VARIABLE]. \n-0003a990: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 Retrieve SMBI\n-0003a9a0: 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a OS information..\n-0003a9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 . The ...smb\n-0003a9c0: 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 ios... command r\n-0003a9d0: 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 eturns the value\n-0003a9e0: 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 of a field in a\n-0003a9f0: 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 n SMBIOS. st\n-0003aa00: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f ructure. The fo\n-0003aa10: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 llowing options \n-0003aa20: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 determine which \n-0003aa30: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 structure to. \n-0003aa40: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 select... \n-0003aa50: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e ... Specifyin\n-0003aa60: 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 g ...--type... w\n-0003aa70: 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 ill select struc\n-0003aa80: 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 tures with a mat\n-0003aa90: 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ching. \n-0003aaa0: 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 TYPE. The type \n-0003aab0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 can be any integ\n-0003aac0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 er from 0 to 255\n-0003aad0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 .. ... Sp\n-0003aae0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 ecifying ...--ha\n-0003aaf0: 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c ndle... will sel\n-0003ab00: 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 ect structures w\n-0003ab10: 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 ith a matching. \n-0003ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e HANDLE.\n-0003ab30: 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e The handle can\n-0003ab40: 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 be any integer \n-0003ab50: 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e from 0 to 65535.\n-0003ab60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 . ... Spe\n-0003ab70: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 cifying ...--mat\n-0003ab80: 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 ch... will selec\n-0003ab90: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 t structure numb\n-0003aba0: 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a er MATCH in the.\n-0003abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 filter\n-0003abc0: 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 ed list of struc\n-0003abd0: 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 tures; e.g. ...\n-0003abe0: 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 smbios --type 4 \n-0003abf0: 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 --match 2.... \n-0003ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 will sele\n-0003ac10: 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 ct the second Pr\n-0003ac20: 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f ocess Informatio\n-0003ac30: 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 n (Type 4) struc\n-0003ac40: 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ture.. \n-0003ac50: 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 The list is alwa\n-0003ac60: 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 ys ordered the s\n-0003ac70: 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 ame as the hardw\n-0003ac80: 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 are's SMBIOS. \n-0003ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 table. T\n-0003aca0: 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 he match number \n-0003acb0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 must be a positi\n-0003acc0: 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a ve integer. If.\n-0003acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 unspec\n-0003ace0: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ified, the first\n-0003acf0: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 matching struct\n-0003ad00: 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 ure will be sele\n-0003ad10: 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 cted... The \n-0003ad20: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e remaining option\n-0003ad30: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 s determine whic\n-0003ad40: 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 h field in the s\n-0003ad50: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 elected SMBIOS. \n-0003ad60: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f structure to\n-0003ad70: 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f return. Only o\n-0003ad80: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 ne of these opti\n-0003ad90: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 ons may be speci\n-0003ada0: 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 fied at. a t\n-0003adb0: 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ime... ..\n-0003adc0: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003add0: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 --get-byte..., r\n-0003ade0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-0003adf0: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 of the byte at. \n-0003ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 OFFSET \n-0003ae10: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-0003ae20: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-0003ae30: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 tructure. It wi\n-0003ae40: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n-0003ae50: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 formatted as an \n-0003ae60: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c unsigned decimal\n-0003ae70: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003ae80: 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e ... When given\n-0003ae90: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-word..\n-0003aea0: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n-0003aeb0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 lue of the word \n-0003aec0: 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 (two. b\n-0003aed0: 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 ytes) at OFFSET \n-0003aee0: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-0003aef0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-0003af00: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 tructure. It. \n-0003af10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 will be \n-0003af20: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 formatted as an \n-0003af30: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c unsigned decimal\n-0003af40: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003af50: 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e ... When given\n-0003af60: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 ...--get-dword.\n-0003af70: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003af80: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 alue of the dwor\n-0003af90: 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d (four. \n-0003afa0: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003afb0: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003afc0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003afd0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003afe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-0003aff0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-0003b000: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b010: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b030: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f ven ...--get-qwo\n-0003b040: 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 rd..., return th\n-0003b050: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 e value of the q\n-0003b060: 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 word (eight. \n-0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n-0003b080: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-0003b090: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-0003b0a0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-0003b0b0: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n-0003b0c0: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n-0003b0d0: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n-0003b0e0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n-0003b0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n-0003b100: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n-0003b110: 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 -string..., retu\n-0003b120: 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 rn the string wi\n-0003b130: 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 th its index. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 found at \n-0003b150: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-0003b160: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-0003b170: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-0003b180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n-0003b190: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n-0003b1a0: 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e -uuid..., return\n-0003b1b0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003b1c0: 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a e UUID (sixteen.\n-0003b1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n-0003b1e0: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n-0003b1f0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n-0003b200: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n-0003b210: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n-0003b220: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n-0003b230: 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 tted as lower-ca\n-0003b240: 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 se hyphenated he\n-0003b250: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-0003b260: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 ,. with\n-0003b270: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 the first three\n-0003b280: 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c fields as littl\n-0003b290: 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 e-endian, and th\n-0003b2a0: 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e rest. \n-0003b2b0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 printed byte-by\n-0003b2c0: 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -byte... The\n-0003b2d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 default action \n-0003b2e0: 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 is to print the \n-0003b2f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 value of the req\n-0003b300: 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a uested field to.\n-0003b310: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the console\n-0003b320: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 , but a variable\n-0003b330: 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 name can be spe\n-0003b340: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d cified with ...-\n-0003b350: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 -set... to. \n-0003b360: 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 store the value \n-0003b370: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 instead of print\n-0003b380: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f ing it... Fo\n-0003b390: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 r example, this \n-0003b3a0: 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 will store and t\n-0003b3b0: 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 hen display the \n-0003b3c0: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 system. manu\n-0003b3d0: 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e facturer's name.\n-0003b3e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 .. smbi\n-0003b3f0: 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 os --type 1 --ge\n-0003b400: 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 t-string 4 --set\n-0003b410: 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 system_manufact\n-0003b420: 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 urer. e\n-0003b430: 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 cho $system_manu\n-0003b440: 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 facturer....File\n-0003b450: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003b460: 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 de: source, Nex\n-0003b470: 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: test, Prev: \n-0003b480: 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d smbios, Up: Com\n-0003b490: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003b4a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 ds..17.4.73 sour\n-0003b4b0: 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ce.-------------\n-0003b4c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003b4d0: 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 source file. \n-0003b4e0: 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Read FILE as a \n-0003b4f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0003b500: 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f le, as if its co\n-0003b510: 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a ntents had been.\n-0003b520: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 incorporate\n-0003b530: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 d directly into \n-0003b540: 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c the sourcing fil\n-0003b550: 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f e. Unlike ...co\n-0003b560: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 nfigfile.... \n-0003b570: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 (*note configfi\n-0003b580: 6c65 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 le::), this exec\n-0003b590: 7574 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 utes the content\n-0003b5a0: 7320 6f66 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 s of FILE withou\n-0003b5b0: 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 t. changing \n-0003b5c0: 636f 6e74 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 context: any env\n-0003b5d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003b5e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 e changes made b\n-0003b5f0: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 y the. comma\n-0003b600: 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c nds in FILE will\n-0003b610: 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 be preserved af\n-0003b620: 7465 7220 e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ter ...source...\n-0003b630: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 returns, and th\n-0003b640: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c e. menu will\n-0003b650: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d not be shown im\n-0003b660: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 mediately.....Fi\n-0003b670: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003b680: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 Node: test, Nex\n-0003b690: 743a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: true, Prev: \n-0003b6a0: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d source, Up: Com\n-0003b6b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003b6c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 ds..17.4.74 test\n-0003b6d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-0003b6e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 -- Command: test\n-0003b6f0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 expression. \n-0003b700: 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 Evaluate EXPRES\n-0003b710: 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 SION and return \n-0003b720: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n-0003b730: 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 if result is tr\n-0003b740: 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 ue,. non zer\n-0003b750: 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 o status otherwi\n-0003b760: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 se... EXPRES\n-0003b770: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a SION is one of:.\n-0003b780: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003b790: 983d 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 .==... STRING2. \n-0003b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 the str\n-0003b7b0: 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 ings are equal. \n-0003b7c0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 STRING1 ...!\n-0003b7d0: 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 =... STRING2. \n-0003b7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e the strin\n-0003b7f0: 6773 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c gs are not equal\n-0003b800: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 . STRING1 ..\n-0003b810: 983c e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 .<... STRING2. \n-0003b820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 STRING1 \n-0003b830: 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 is lexicographic\n-0003b840: 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 ally less than S\n-0003b850: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n-0003b860: 4e47 3120 e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 NG1 ...<=... STR\n-0003b870: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n-0003b880: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n-0003b890: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 graphically less\n-0003b8a0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 or equal than S\n-0003b8b0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n-0003b8c0: 4e47 3120 e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 NG1 ...>... STRI\n-0003b8d0: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n-0003b8e0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n-0003b8f0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 raphically great\n-0003b900: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a er than STRING2.\n-0003b910: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 STRING1 ...\n-0003b920: 3e3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 >=... STRING2. \n-0003b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 STRING1 \n-0003b940: 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 is lexicographic\n-0003b950: 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 ally greater or \n-0003b960: 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e equal than STRIN\n-0003b970: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 G2. INTEGER1\n-0003b980: 20e2 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-eq... INTEG\n-0003b990: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n-0003b9a0: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 TEGER1 is equal \n-0003b9b0: 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 to INTEGER2. \n-0003b9c0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 INTEGER1 ...-ge\n-0003b9d0: e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 ... INTEGER2. \n-0003b9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-0003b9f0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-0003ba00: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 or equal to INTE\n-0003ba10: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 GER2. INTEGE\n-0003ba20: 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 R1 ...-gt... INT\n-0003ba30: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n-0003ba40: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 INTEGER1 is grea\n-0003ba50: 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ter than INTEGER\n-0003ba60: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-0003ba70: e280 982d 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-le... INTEGE\n-0003ba80: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003ba90: 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 EGER1 is less th\n-0003baa0: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 an or equal to I\n-0003bab0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n-0003bac0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-lt... \n-0003bad0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bae0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c INTEGER1 is l\n-0003baf0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ess than INTEGER\n-0003bb00: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-0003bb10: e280 982d 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-ne... INTEGE\n-0003bb20: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-0003bb30: 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 EGER1 is not equ\n-0003bb40: 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 al to INTEGER2. \n-0003bb50: 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 PREFIXINTEGE\n-0003bb60: 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 R1 ...-pgt... PR\n-0003bb70: 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 EFIXINTEGER2. \n-0003bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-0003bb90: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-0003bba0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 INTEGER2 after s\n-0003bbb0: 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d tripping off com\n-0003bbc0: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f mon. no\n-0003bbd0: 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 n-numeric PREFIX\n-0003bbe0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 .. PREFIXINT\n-0003bbf0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 EGER1 ...-plt...\n-0003bc00: 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a PREFIXINTEGER2.\n-0003bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n-0003bc20: 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 R1 is less than \n-0003bc30: 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 INTEGER2 after s\n-0003bc40: 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d tripping off com\n-0003bc50: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f mon. no\n-0003bc60: 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 n-numeric PREFIX\n-0003bc70: 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 .. FILE1 ...\n-0003bc80: 2d6e 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 -nt... FILE2. \n-0003bc90: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 FILE1 is \n-0003bca0: 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 newer than FILE2\n-0003bcb0: 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 (modification t\n-0003bcc0: 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c ime). Optionall\n-0003bcd0: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 y. nume\n-0003bce0: 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 ric BIAS may be \n-0003bcf0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 directly appende\n-0003bd00: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 d to ...-nt... i\n-0003bd10: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 n which case. \n-0003bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 it is add\n-0003bd30: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-0003bd40: 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f file modificatio\n-0003bd50: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c n time.. FIL\n-0003bd60: 4531 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c E1 ...-ot... FIL\n-0003bd70: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n-0003bd80: 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e E1 is older than\n-0003bd90: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n-0003bda0: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n-0003bdb0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n-0003bdc0: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n-0003bdd0: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n-0003bde0: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f ppended to ...-o\n-0003bdf0: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 t... in which ca\n-0003be00: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 se. it \n-0003be10: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 is added to the \n-0003be20: 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 first file modif\n-0003be30: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 ication time.. \n-0003be40: 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 ...-d... FILE\n-0003be50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 . FILE \n-0003be60: 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 exists and is a \n-0003be70: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 directory. .\n-0003be80: 8098 2d65 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-e... FILE. \n-0003be90: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n-0003bea0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 ts. ...-f...\n-0003beb0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-0003bec0: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-0003bed0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f is not a directo\n-0003bee0: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 ry. ...-s...\n-0003bef0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-0003bf00: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-0003bf10: 6861 7320 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 has a size great\n-0003bf20: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 er than zero. \n-0003bf30: 2020 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e ...-n... STRIN\n-0003bf40: 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 G. the \n-0003bf50: 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 length of STRING\n-0003bf60: 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 is nonzero. \n-0003bf70: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n-0003bf80: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 STRING is equi\n-0003bf90: 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 valent to ...-n \n-0003bfa0: 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 STRING.... .\n-0003bfb0: 8098 2d7a e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 ..-z... STRING. \n-0003bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e the len\n-0003bfd0: 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 gth of STRING is\n-0003bfe0: 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 zero. ...(.\n-0003bff0: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 .. EXPRESSION ..\n-0003c000: 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .).... \n-0003c010: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 EXPRESSION is tr\n-0003c020: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 ue. ...!... \n-0003c030: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 EXPRESSION. \n-0003c040: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n-0003c050: 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 is false. EX\n-0003c060: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 PRESSION1 ...-a.\n-0003c070: 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 .. EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 both EX\n-0003c090: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 PRESSION1 and EX\n-0003c0a0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 PRESSION2 are tr\n-0003c0b0: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 ue. EXPRESSI\n-0003c0c0: 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a ON1 EXPRESSION2.\n-0003c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 both E\n-0003c0e0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 XPRESSION1 and E\n-0003c0f0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 XPRESSION2 are t\n-0003c100: 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 rue. This synta\n-0003c110: 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 x is not. \n-0003c120: 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 POSIX-complia\n-0003c130: 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 nt and is not re\n-0003c140: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 commended.. \n-0003c150: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d EXPRESSION1 ...-\n-0003c160: 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 o... EXPRESSION2\n-0003c170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 . eithe\n-0003c180: 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 r EXPRESSION1 or\n-0003c190: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 EXPRESSION2 is \n-0003c1a0: 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 true....File: gr\n-0003c1b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003c1c0: 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 true, Next: tru\n-0003c1d0: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c st, Prev: test,\n-0003c1e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003c1f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003c200: 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.75 true.------\n-0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003c220: 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 and: true. D\n-0003c230: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 o nothing, succe\n-0003c240: 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ssfully. This i\n-0003c250: 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s mainly useful \n-0003c260: 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 in control. \n-0003c270: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 constructs such \n-0003c280: 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 as ...if... and \n-0003c290: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...while... (*no\n-0003c2a0: 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 te Shell-like sc\n-0003c2b0: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ripting::).....F\n-0003c2c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003c2d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e Node: trust, N\n-0003c2e0: 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 ext: unset, Pre\n-0003c2f0: 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: true, Up: Co\n-0003c300: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003c310: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 nds..17.4.76 tru\n-0003c320: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n-0003c330: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n-0003c340: 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 rust [--skip-sig\n-0003c350: 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 ] pubkey_file. \n-0003c360: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Read public k\n-0003c370: 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ey from PUBKEY_F\n-0003c380: 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 ILE and add it t\n-0003c390: 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 o GRUB's interna\n-0003c3a0: 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 l list. of t\n-0003c3b0: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n-0003c3c0: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 ys. These keys \n-0003c3d0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 are used to vali\n-0003c3e0: 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 date digital. \n-0003c3f0: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 signatures whe\n-0003c400: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n-0003c410: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-0003c420: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-0003c430: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 set to. ...\n-0003c440: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 enforce.... Not\n-0003c450: 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 e that if ...che\n-0003c460: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-0003c470: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e is set to ...en\n-0003c480: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 force.... wh\n-0003c490: 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 en ...trust... e\n-0003c4a0: 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 xecutes, then PU\n-0003c4b0: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 BKEY_FILE must i\n-0003c4c0: 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c tself be properl\n-0003c4d0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 y. signed. \n-0003c4e0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n-0003c4f0: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 g... option can \n-0003c500: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 be used to disab\n-0003c510: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 le. signatur\n-0003c520: 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 e-checking when \n-0003c530: 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 reading PUBKEY_F\n-0003c540: 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 ILE itself. It \n-0003c550: 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 is expected. \n-0003c560: 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d that ...--skip-\n-0003c570: 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c sig... is useful\n-0003c580: 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 for testing and\n-0003c590: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e manual booting.\n-0003c5a0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 *Note. Usi\n-0003c5b0: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-0003c5c0: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n-0003c5d0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-0003c5e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c5f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c o, Node: unset,\n-0003c600: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 Next: verify_d\n-0003c610: 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 etached, Prev: \n-0003c620: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d trust, Up: Comm\n-0003c630: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003c640: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 s..17.4.77 unset\n-0003c650: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0003c660: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 -- Command: uns\n-0003c670: 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 et envvar. U\n-0003c680: 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e nset the environ\n-0003c690: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e ment variable EN\n-0003c6a0: 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 VVAR.....File: g\n-0003c6b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003c6c0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0003c6d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e , Next: videoin\n-0003c6e0: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 fo, Prev: unset\n-0003c6f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003c700: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003c710: 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 .4.78 verify_det\n-0003c720: 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ached.----------\n-0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003c740: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 -- Command: veri\n-0003c750: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 fy_detached [--s\n-0003c760: 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 kip-sig] file si\n-0003c770: 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 gnature_file. \n-0003c780: 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 [pubkey_f\n-0003c790: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 ile]. Verifi\n-0003c7a0: 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 es a GPG-style d\n-0003c7b0: 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 etached signatur\n-0003c7c0: 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 e, where the sig\n-0003c7d0: 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 ned file is. \n-0003c7e0: 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 FILE, and the s\n-0003c7f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 ignature itself \n-0003c800: 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 is in file SIGNA\n-0003c810: 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 TURE_FILE.. \n-0003c820: 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 Optionally, a sp\n-0003c830: 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 ecific public ke\n-0003c840: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 y to use can be \n-0003c850: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a specified using.\n-0003c860: 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003c870: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d . When environm\n-0003c880: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003c890: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c8a0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 ... is set. \n-0003c8b0: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n-0003c8c0: 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 , then PUBKEY_FI\n-0003c8d0: 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 LE must itself b\n-0003c8e0: 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 e properly signe\n-0003c8f0: 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 d by an. alr\n-0003c900: 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 eady-trusted key\n-0003c910: 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 . An unsigned P\n-0003c920: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 UBKEY_FILE can b\n-0003c930: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 e loaded by. \n-0003c940: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d specifying ...-\n-0003c950: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 -skip-sig.... I\n-0003c960: 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 f PUBKEY_FILE is\n-0003c970: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 omitted, then p\n-0003c980: 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 ublic. keys \n-0003c990: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 from GRUB's trus\n-0003c9a0: 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ted keys (*note \n-0003c9b0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 list_trusted::, \n-0003c9c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 *note trust::,. \n-0003c9d0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 and *note di\n-0003c9e0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 strust::) are tr\n-0003c9f0: 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 ied... Exit \n-0003ca00: 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 code ...$?... is\n-0003ca10: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 set to 0 if the\n-0003ca20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 signature valid\n-0003ca30: 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ates successfull\n-0003ca40: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 y.. If valid\n-0003ca50: 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 ation fails, it \n-0003ca60: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d is set to a non-\n-0003ca70: 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f zero value. *No\n-0003ca80: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 te Using. di\n-0003ca90: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-0003caa0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n-0003cab0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-0003cac0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003cad0: 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ode: videoinfo, \n-0003cae0: 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 Next: wrmsr, P\n-0003caf0: 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 rev: verify_deta\n-0003cb00: 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ched, Up: Comma\n-0003cb10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003cb20: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 ..17.4.79 videoi\n-0003cb30: 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfo.------------\n-0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003cb50: 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b nd: videoinfo [[\n-0003cb60: 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 WxH]xD]. Lis\n-0003cb70: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 t available vide\n-0003cb80: 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 o modes. If res\n-0003cb90: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e olution is given\n-0003cba0: 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 , show only. \n-0003cbb0: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e matching modes.\n-0003cbc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003cbd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 nfo, Node: wrms\n-0003cbe0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 r, Prev: videoi\n-0003cbf0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nfo, Up: Comman\n-0003cc00: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003cc10: 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d .17.4.80 wrmsr.-\n-0003cc20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003cc30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 - Command:: wrms\n-0003cc40: 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 r 0xADDR 0xVALUE\n-0003cc50: 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 . Write a 0x\n-0003cc60: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c VALUE to a model\n-0003cc70: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n-0003cc80: 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 er at address 0x\n-0003cc90: 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 ADDR... Plea\n-0003cca0: 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 se note that on \n-0003ccb0: 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 SMP systems, wri\n-0003ccc0: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 ting to a MSR th\n-0003ccd0: 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 at has a scope. \n-0003cce0: 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 per hardware\n-0003ccf0: 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 thread, implies\n-0003cd00: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 that the value \n-0003cd10: 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 that is written \n-0003cd20: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 only. applie\n-0003cd30: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 s to the particu\n-0003cd40: 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 lar cpu/core/thr\n-0003cd50: 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 ead that runs th\n-0003cd60: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 e command... \n-0003cd70: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 Also, if you sp\n-0003cd80: 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 ecify a reserved\n-0003cd90: 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 or unimplemente\n-0003cda0: 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 d MSR address, i\n-0003cdb0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 t. will caus\n-0003cdc0: 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 e a general prot\n-0003cdd0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e ection exception\n-0003cde0: 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 (which is not c\n-0003cdf0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 urrently. be\n-0003ce00: 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 ing handled) and\n-0003ce10: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c the system will\n-0003ce20: 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e reboot... N\n-0003ce30: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n-0003ce40: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n-0003ce50: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n-0003ce60: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n-0003ce70: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n-0003ce80: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 ). This is done\n-0003ce90: 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 to prevent subv\n-0003cea0: 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 erting various s\n-0003ceb0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 ecurity. mec\n-0003cec0: 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 hanisms.....File\n-0003ced0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003cee0: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n-0003cef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-0003cf00: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n-0003cf10: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f mands, Prev: Co\n-0003cf20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003cf30: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n-0003cf40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b ds..17.5 Network\n-0003cf50: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ing commands.===\n+00039c40: 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 Right.. \n+00039c50: 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 As well as keys\n+00039c60: 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 trokes, the ...s\n+00039c70: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e endkey... comman\n+00039c80: 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 d takes various \n+00039c90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 options. tha\n+00039ca0: 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f t affect the BIO\n+00039cb0: 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 S keyboard statu\n+00039cc0: 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 s flags. These \n+00039cd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a options take an.\n+00039ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 ...on... or\n+00039cf0: 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d ...off... param\n+00039d00: 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 eter, specifying\n+00039d10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 that the corres\n+00039d20: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 ponding status. \n+00039d30: 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 flag be set \n+00039d40: 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 or unset; omitti\n+00039d50: 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f ng the option fo\n+00039d60: 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 r a given status\n+00039d70: 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 flag. will \n+00039d80: 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 leave that flag \n+00039d90: 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 at its initial s\n+00039da0: 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 tate at boot. T\n+00039db0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a he ...--num...,.\n+00039dc0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 ...--caps..\n+00039dd0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 ., ...--scroll..\n+00039de0: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 ., and ...--inse\n+00039df0: 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d rt... options em\n+00039e00: 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ulate setting th\n+00039e10: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e e. correspon\n+00039e20: 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 ding mode, while\n+00039e30: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 the ...--numkey\n+00039e40: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 ..., ...--capske\n+00039e50: 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d y...,. ...--\n+00039e60: 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e scrollkey..., an\n+00039e70: 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 d ...--insertkey\n+00039e80: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c ... options emul\n+00039e90: 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 ate pressing and\n+00039ea0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 . holding th\n+00039eb0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n+00039ec0: 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 key. The other \n+00039ed0: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 status flag opti\n+00039ee0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c ons are. sel\n+00039ef0: 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a f-explanatory...\n+00039f00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d If the ...-\n+00039f10: 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -no-led... optio\n+00039f20: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 n is given, the \n+00039f30: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 status flag opti\n+00039f40: 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 ons will. ha\n+00039f50: 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 ve no effect on \n+00039f60: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a keyboard LEDs...\n+00039f70: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 If the ...s\n+00039f80: 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e endkey... comman\n+00039f90: 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 d is given multi\n+00039fa0: 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 ple times, then \n+00039fb0: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 only the. la\n+00039fc0: 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 st invocation ha\n+00039fd0: 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 s any effect... \n+00039fe0: 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e Since ...sen\n+00039ff0: 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 dkey... manipula\n+0003a000: 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 tes the BIOS key\n+0003a010: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 board buffer, it\n+0003a020: 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 may cause. \n+0003a030: 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 hangs, reboots, \n+0003a040: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 or other misbeha\n+0003a050: 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 viour on some sy\n+0003a060: 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 stems. If the. \n+0003a070: 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 operating sy\n+0003a080: 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 stem or boot loa\n+0003a090: 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 der that runs af\n+0003a0a0: 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 ter GRUB uses it\n+0003a0b0: 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f s own. keybo\n+0003a0c0: 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 ard driver rathe\n+0003a0d0: 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 r than the BIOS \n+0003a0e0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f keyboard functio\n+0003a0f0: 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ns, then. ..\n+0003a100: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .sendkey... will\n+0003a110: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e have no effect.\n+0003a120: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0003a130: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0003a140: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 lable on PC BIOS\n+0003a150: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n+0003a160: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a170: 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: set, Next:\n+0003a180: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a sha1sum, Prev:\n+0003a190: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 sendkey, Up: C\n+0003a1a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a1b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 ands..17.4.67 se\n+0003a1c0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n+0003a1d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 -- Command: set \n+0003a1e0: 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 [envvar=value]. \n+0003a1f0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Set the envi\n+0003a200: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003a210: 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 ENVVAR to VALUE\n+0003a220: 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 . If invoked wi\n+0003a230: 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d th no. argum\n+0003a240: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 ents, print all \n+0003a250: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003a260: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 ables with their\n+0003a270: 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 values. For. \n+0003a280: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 the list of e\n+0003a290: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003a2a0: 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 bles currently u\n+0003a2b0: 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 sed by GRUB itse\n+0003a2c0: 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 lf see. the \n+0003a2d0: 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e relevant section\n+0003a2e0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *note Environme\n+0003a2f0: 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nt::.....File: g\n+0003a300: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a310: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a sha1sum, Next:\n+0003a320: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha256sum, Pre\n+0003a330: 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: set, Up: Com\n+0003a340: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003a350: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 ds..17.4.68 sha1\n+0003a360: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003a380: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e : sha1sum arg ..\n+0003a390: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n+0003a3a0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 ...hashsum --ha\n+0003a3b0: 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sh sha1 arg ....\n+0003a3c0: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n+0003a3d0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n+0003a3e0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n+0003a3f0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n+0003a400: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n+0003a410: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003a420: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d Node: sha256sum\n+0003a430: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 , Next: sha512s\n+0003a440: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 um, Prev: sha1s\n+0003a450: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n+0003a460: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003a470: 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 17.4.69 sha256su\n+0003a480: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+0003a490: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003a4a0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha256sum arg \n+0003a4b0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n+0003a4c0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n+0003a4d0: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 hash sha256 arg \n+0003a4e0: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n+0003a4f0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n+0003a500: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n+0003a510: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n+0003a520: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n+0003a530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 fo, Node: sha51\n+0003a550: 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 2sum, Next: sle\n+0003a560: 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 ep, Prev: sha25\n+0003a570: 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6sum, Up: Comma\n+0003a580: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003a590: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 ..17.4.70 sha512\n+0003a5a0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+0003a5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a5c0: 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 nd: sha512sum ar\n+0003a5d0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+0003a5e0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+0003a5f0: 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 --hash sha512 ar\n+0003a600: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+0003a610: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+0003a620: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+0003a630: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+0003a640: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+0003a650: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003a660: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 info, Node: sle\n+0003a670: 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f ep, Next: smbio\n+0003a680: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 s, Prev: sha512\n+0003a690: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n+0003a6a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003a6b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d .17.4.71 sleep.-\n+0003a6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a6d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 - Command: sleep\n+0003a6e0: 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d [--verbose] [--\n+0003a6f0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 interruptible] c\n+0003a700: 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 ount. Sleep \n+0003a710: 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 for COUNT second\n+0003a720: 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 s. If option ..\n+0003a730: 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 .--interruptible\n+0003a740: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 ... is given,. \n+0003a750: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e allow pressin\n+0003a760: 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 g , or\n+0003a770: 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 holding down to interru\n+0003a790: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 pt. sleep. \n+0003a7a0: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 With ...--verbos\n+0003a7b0: 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 e... show countd\n+0003a7c0: 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 own of remaining\n+0003a7d0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a seconds. Exit.\n+0003a7e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 code is set\n+0003a7f0: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 to 0 if timeout\n+0003a800: 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 expired and to \n+0003a810: 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 1 if timeout was\n+0003a820: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 . interrupte\n+0003a830: 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 d using any of t\n+0003a840: 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 he mentioned key\n+0003a850: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003a860: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d .info, Node: sm\n+0003a870: 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 bios, Next: sou\n+0003a880: 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 rce, Prev: slee\n+0003a890: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+0003a8a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003a8b0: 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 7.4.72 smbios.--\n+0003a8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a8d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f - Command: smbio\n+0003a8e0: 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 s [--type TYPE] \n+0003a8f0: 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 [--handle HANDLE\n+0003a900: 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 ] [--match MATCH\n+0003a910: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 ]. (--g\n+0003a920: 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d et-byte | --get-\n+0003a930: 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f word | --get-dwo\n+0003a940: 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 rd | --get-qword\n+0003a950: 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 |. --g\n+0003a960: 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 et-string | --ge\n+0003a970: 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b t-uuid) OFFSET [\n+0003a980: 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a --set VARIABLE].\n+0003a990: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d Retrieve SM\n+0003a9a0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e BIOS information\n+0003a9b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 ... The ...s\n+0003a9c0: 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mbios... command\n+0003a9d0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c returns the val\n+0003a9e0: 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e ue of a field in\n+0003a9f0: 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 an SMBIOS. \n+0003aa00: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 structure. The \n+0003aa10: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+0003aa20: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 s determine whic\n+0003aa30: 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 h structure to. \n+0003aa40: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 select... \n+0003aa50: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n+0003aa60: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 ing ...--type...\n+0003aa70: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 will select str\n+0003aa80: 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d uctures with a m\n+0003aa90: 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atching. \n+0003aaa0: 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 TYPE. The typ\n+0003aab0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 e can be any int\n+0003aac0: 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 eger from 0 to 2\n+0003aad0: 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 55.. ... \n+0003aae0: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d Specifying ...--\n+0003aaf0: 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 handle... will s\n+0003ab00: 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 elect structures\n+0003ab10: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 with a matching\n+0003ab20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c . HANDL\n+0003ab30: 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 E. The handle c\n+0003ab40: 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 an be any intege\n+0003ab50: 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 r from 0 to 6553\n+0003ab60: 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 5.. ... S\n+0003ab70: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d pecifying ...--m\n+0003ab80: 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c atch... will sel\n+0003ab90: 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 ect structure nu\n+0003aba0: 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 mber MATCH in th\n+0003abb0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 e. filt\n+0003abc0: 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 ered list of str\n+0003abd0: 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 uctures; e.g. .\n+0003abe0: 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 ..smbios --type \n+0003abf0: 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 4 --match 2.... \n+0003ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 will se\n+0003ac10: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 lect the second \n+0003ac20: 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 Process Informat\n+0003ac30: 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 ion (Type 4) str\n+0003ac40: 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ucture.. \n+0003ac50: 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c The list is al\n+0003ac60: 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 ways ordered the\n+0003ac70: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 same as the har\n+0003ac80: 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 dware's SMBIOS. \n+0003ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 table. \n+0003aca0: 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 The match numbe\n+0003acb0: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 r must be a posi\n+0003acc0: 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 tive integer. I\n+0003acd0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 f. unsp\n+0003ace0: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 ecified, the fir\n+0003acf0: 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 st matching stru\n+0003ad00: 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 cture will be se\n+0003ad10: 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lected... Th\n+0003ad20: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e remaining opti\n+0003ad30: 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 ons determine wh\n+0003ad40: 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 ich field in the\n+0003ad50: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003ad60: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 . structure \n+0003ad70: 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 to return. Only\n+0003ad80: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 one of these op\n+0003ad90: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 tions may be spe\n+0003ada0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 cified at. a\n+0003adb0: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 time... \n+0003adc0: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n+0003add0: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c ..--get-byte...,\n+0003ade0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n+0003adf0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 e of the byte at\n+0003ae00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 . OFFSE\n+0003ae10: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003ae20: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003ae30: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 structure. It \n+0003ae40: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+0003ae50: 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 formatted as a\n+0003ae60: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003ae70: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003ae80: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003ae90: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 en ...--get-word\n+0003aea0: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n+0003aeb0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 value of the wor\n+0003aec0: 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d (two. \n+0003aed0: 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 bytes) at OFFSE\n+0003aee0: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003aef0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003af00: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a structure. It.\n+0003af10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 will b\n+0003af20: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 e formatted as a\n+0003af30: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003af40: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003af50: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003af60: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 en ...--get-dwor\n+0003af70: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n+0003af80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 value of the dw\n+0003af90: 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 ord (four. \n+0003afa0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n+0003afb0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+0003afc0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+0003afd0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+0003afe0: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n+0003aff0: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n+0003b000: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+0003b010: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+0003b020: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n+0003b030: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 given ...--get-q\n+0003b040: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n+0003b050: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b060: 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 qword (eight. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n+0003b080: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n+0003b090: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n+0003b0a0: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n+0003b0b0: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n+0003b0d0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 ed as an unsigne\n+0003b0e0: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 d decimal intege\n+0003b0f0: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 r.. ... W\n+0003b100: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n+0003b110: 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 et-string..., re\n+0003b120: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 turn the string \n+0003b130: 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 with its index. \n+0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 found a\n+0003b150: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n+0003b160: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n+0003b170: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n+0003b180: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 e.. ... W\n+0003b190: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n+0003b1a0: 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 et-uuid..., retu\n+0003b1b0: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n+0003b1c0: 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 the UUID (sixtee\n+0003b1d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 n. byte\n+0003b1e0: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n+0003b1f0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+0003b200: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+0003b210: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n+0003b220: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n+0003b230: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d matted as lower-\n+0003b240: 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 case hyphenated \n+0003b250: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+0003b260: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 ts,. wi\n+0003b270: 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 th the first thr\n+0003b280: 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 ee fields as lit\n+0003b290: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 tle-endian, and \n+0003b2a0: 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the rest. \n+0003b2b0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d printed byte-\n+0003b2c0: 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 by-byte... T\n+0003b2d0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f he default actio\n+0003b2e0: 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 n is to print th\n+0003b2f0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 e value of the r\n+0003b300: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 equested field t\n+0003b310: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f o. the conso\n+0003b320: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 le, but a variab\n+0003b330: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 le name can be s\n+0003b340: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 pecified with ..\n+0003b350: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 .--set... to. \n+0003b360: 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 store the valu\n+0003b370: 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 e instead of pri\n+0003b380: 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nting it... \n+0003b390: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 For example, thi\n+0003b3a0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 s will store and\n+0003b3b0: 2074 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 then display th\n+0003b3c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 e system. ma\n+0003b3d0: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d nufacturer's nam\n+0003b3e0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d e... sm\n+0003b3f0: 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d bios --type 1 --\n+0003b400: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 get-string 4 --s\n+0003b410: 6574 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 et system_manufa\n+0003b420: 6374 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cturer. \n+0003b430: 2065 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 echo $system_ma\n+0003b440: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 nufacturer....Fi\n+0003b450: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003b460: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e Node: source, N\n+0003b470: 6578 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: test, Prev\n+0003b480: 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : smbios, Up: C\n+0003b490: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003b4a0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f ands..17.4.73 so\n+0003b4b0: 7572 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d urce.-----------\n+0003b4c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003b4d0: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 : source file. \n+0003b4e0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Read FILE as \n+0003b4f0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+0003b500: 6669 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 file, as if its \n+0003b510: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 contents had bee\n+0003b520: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 n. incorpora\n+0003b530: 7465 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 ted directly int\n+0003b540: 6f20 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 o the sourcing f\n+0003b550: 696c 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 ile. 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EXPRESSIO\n+0003c170: 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 N2. eit\n+0003c180: 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 her EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c190: 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 or EXPRESSION2 i\n+0003c1a0: 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s true....File: \n+0003c1b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003c1c0: 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 : true, Next: t\n+0003c1d0: 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 rust, Prev: tes\n+0003c1e0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+0003c1f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003c200: 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.75 true.----\n+0003c210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003c220: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 mmand: true. \n+0003c230: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 Do nothing, suc\n+0003c240: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 cessfully. This\n+0003c250: 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is mainly usefu\n+0003c260: 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 l in control. \n+0003c270: 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 constructs suc\n+0003c280: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e h as ...if... an\n+0003c290: 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a d ...while... (*\n+0003c2a0: 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 note Shell-like \n+0003c2b0: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f scripting::)....\n+0003c2c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003c2d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Node: trust, \n+0003c2e0: 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 Next: unset, P\n+0003c2f0: 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: true, Up: \n+0003c300: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003c310: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 mands..17.4.76 t\n+0003c320: 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rust.-----------\n+0003c330: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003c340: 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 trust [--skip-s\n+0003c350: 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a ig] pubkey_file.\n+0003c360: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 Read public\n+0003c370: 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 key from PUBKEY\n+0003c380: 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 _FILE and add it\n+0003c390: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 to GRUB's inter\n+0003c3a0: 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 nal list. of\n+0003c3b0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n+0003c3c0: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 keys. These key\n+0003c3d0: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 s are used to va\n+0003c3e0: 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 lidate digital. \n+0003c3f0: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 signatures w\n+0003c400: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n+0003c410: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+0003c420: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+0003c430: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 is set to. .\n+0003c440: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e ..enforce.... N\n+0003c450: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 ote that if ...c\n+0003c460: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+0003c470: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+0003c480: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 enforce.... \n+0003c490: 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 when ...trust...\n+0003c4a0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 executes, then \n+0003c4b0: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 PUBKEY_FILE must\n+0003c4c0: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 itself be prope\n+0003c4d0: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e rly. signed.\n+0003c4e0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d The ...--skip-\n+0003c4f0: 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 sig... option ca\n+0003c500: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 n be used to dis\n+0003c510: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 able. signat\n+0003c520: 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 ure-checking whe\n+0003c530: 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 n reading PUBKEY\n+0003c540: 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 _FILE itself. I\n+0003c550: 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 t is expected. \n+0003c560: 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 that ...--ski\n+0003c570: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 p-sig... is usef\n+0003c580: 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 ul for testing a\n+0003c590: 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e nd manual bootin\n+0003c5a0: 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 g. *Note. U\n+0003c5b0: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+0003c5c0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n+0003c5d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+0003c5e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c5f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 nfo, Node: unse\n+0003c600: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 t, Next: verify\n+0003c610: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 _detached, Prev\n+0003c620: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : trust, Up: Co\n+0003c630: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003c640: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 nds..17.4.77 uns\n+0003c650: 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et.-------------\n+0003c660: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 .. -- Command: u\n+0003c670: 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 nset envvar. \n+0003c680: 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Unset the envir\n+0003c690: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0003c6a0: 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ENVVAR.....File:\n+0003c6b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003c6c0: 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 e: verify_detach\n+0003c6d0: 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f ed, Next: video\n+0003c6e0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 info, Prev: uns\n+0003c6f0: 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 et, Up: Command\n+0003c700: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003c710: 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 17.4.78 verify_d\n+0003c720: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etached.--------\n+0003c730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003c740: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 . -- Command: ve\n+0003c750: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d rify_detached [-\n+0003c760: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 -skip-sig] file \n+0003c770: 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 signature_file. \n+0003c780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 [pubkey\n+0003c790: 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 _file]. Veri\n+0003c7a0: 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 fies a GPG-style\n+0003c7b0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n+0003c7c0: 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 ure, where the s\n+0003c7d0: 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 igned file is. \n+0003c7e0: 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 FILE, and the\n+0003c7f0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c signature itsel\n+0003c800: 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 f is in file SIG\n+0003c810: 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 NATURE_FILE.. \n+0003c820: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 Optionally, a \n+0003c830: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 specific public \n+0003c840: 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 key to use can b\n+0003c850: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e e specified usin\n+0003c860: 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 g. PUBKEY_FI\n+0003c870: 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f LE. When enviro\n+0003c880: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003c890: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n+0003c8a0: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 es... is set. \n+0003c8b0: 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 to ...enforce.\n+0003c8c0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f .., then PUBKEY_\n+0003c8d0: 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 FILE must itself\n+0003c8e0: 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 be properly sig\n+0003c8f0: 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 ned by an. a\n+0003c900: 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b lready-trusted k\n+0003c910: 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 ey. An unsigned\n+0003c920: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e PUBKEY_FILE can\n+0003c930: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 be loaded by. \n+0003c940: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 specifying ..\n+0003c950: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 .--skip-sig.... \n+0003c960: 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 If PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c970: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e is omitted, then\n+0003c980: 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 public. key\n+0003c990: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 s from GRUB's tr\n+0003c9a0: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 usted keys (*not\n+0003c9b0: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n+0003c9c0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note trust::,\n+0003c9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 . and *note \n+0003c9e0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 distrust::) are \n+0003c9f0: 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 tried... Exi\n+0003ca00: 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 t code ...$?... \n+0003ca10: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n+0003ca20: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c he signature val\n+0003ca30: 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 idates successfu\n+0003ca40: 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c lly.. If val\n+0003ca50: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 idation fails, i\n+0003ca60: 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f t is set to a no\n+0003ca70: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a n-zero value. *\n+0003ca80: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 Note Using. \n+0003ca90: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+0003caa0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+0003cab0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+0003cac0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003cad0: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f Node: videoinfo\n+0003cae0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 , Next: wrmsr, \n+0003caf0: 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Prev: verify_de\n+0003cb00: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tached, Up: Com\n+0003cb10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003cb20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 ds..17.4.79 vide\n+0003cb30: 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oinfo.----------\n+0003cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003cb50: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 mand: videoinfo \n+0003cb60: 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [[WxH]xD]. L\n+0003cb70: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n+0003cb80: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 deo modes. If r\n+0003cb90: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 esolution is giv\n+0003cba0: 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 en, show only. \n+0003cbb0: 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 matching mode\n+0003cbc0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003cbd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 .info, Node: wr\n+0003cbe0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 msr, Prev: vide\n+0003cbf0: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d oinfo, Up: Comm\n+0003cc00: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003cc10: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 s..17.4.80 wrmsr\n+0003cc20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+0003cc30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 -- Command:: wr\n+0003cc40: 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c msr 0xADDR 0xVAL\n+0003cc50: 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 UE. Write a \n+0003cc60: 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 0xVALUE to a mod\n+0003cc70: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n+0003cc80: 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 ster at address \n+0003cc90: 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 0xADDR... Pl\n+0003cca0: 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f ease note that o\n+0003ccb0: 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 n SMP systems, w\n+0003ccc0: 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 riting to a MSR \n+0003ccd0: 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 that has a scope\n+0003cce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 . per hardwa\n+0003ccf0: 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 re thread, impli\n+0003cd00: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 es that the valu\n+0003cd10: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 e that is writte\n+0003cd20: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c n only. appl\n+0003cd30: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n+0003cd40: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n+0003cd50: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n+0003cd60: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 the command... \n+0003cd70: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 Also, if you \n+0003cd80: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 specify a reserv\n+0003cd90: 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e ed or unimplemen\n+0003cda0: 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c ted MSR address,\n+0003cdb0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 it. will ca\n+0003cdc0: 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 use a general pr\n+0003cdd0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 otection excepti\n+0003cde0: 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 on (which is not\n+0003cdf0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 currently. \n+0003ce00: 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 being handled) a\n+0003ce10: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 nd the system wi\n+0003ce20: 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ll reboot... \n+0003ce30: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: The comma\n+0003ce40: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 nd is not allowe\n+0003ce50: 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 d when lockdown \n+0003ce60: 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f is enforced (*no\n+0003ce70: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e te. Lockdown\n+0003ce80: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f ::). This is do\n+0003ce90: 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 ne to prevent su\n+0003cea0: 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 bverting various\n+0003ceb0: 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d security. m\n+0003cec0: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 echanisms.....Fi\n+0003ced0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003cee0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Node: Networking\n+0003cef0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n+0003cf00: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n+0003cf10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+0003cf20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003cf30: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n+0003cf40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f ands..17.5 Netwo\n+0003cf50: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d rking commands.=\n 0003cf60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a =====..* Menu:..\n-0003cf80: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a * net_add_addr::\n-0003cf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfa0: 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 Add a network ad\n-0003cfb0: 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f dress.* net_add_\n-0003cfc0: 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns:: \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 Add a DNS \n-0003cfe0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 server.* net_add\n-0003cff0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route:: \n-0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 Add routi\n-0003d010: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 ng entry.* net_b\n-0003d020: 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ootp:: \n-0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n-0003d040: 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 a bootp/DHCP au\n-0003d050: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n-0003d060: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a * net_del_addr::\n-0003d070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d080: 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 Remove IP addres\n-0003d090: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 s from interface\n-0003d0a0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a .* net_del_dns::\n-0003d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d0c0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 Remove a DNS se\n-0003d0d0: 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 rver.* net_del_r\n-0003d0e0: 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute:: \n-0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f Remove a ro\n-0003d100: 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f ute entry.* net_\n-0003d110: 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dhcp:: \n-0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n-0003d130: 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e m a DHCP autocon\n-0003d140: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n-0003d150: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0003d160: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 :: Retri\n-0003d170: 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 eve DHCP options\n-0003d180: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f .* net_ipv6_auto\n-0003d190: 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 conf:: \n-0003d1a0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 Perform IPv6 au\n-0003d1b0: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n-0003d1c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 * net_ls_addr:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d1e0: 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a List interfaces.\n-0003d1f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a * net_ls_cards::\n-0003d200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d210: 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 List network car\n-0003d220: 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a ds.* net_ls_dns:\n-0003d230: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d240: 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 List DNS serv\n-0003d250: 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 ers.* net_ls_rou\n-0003d260: 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tes:: \n-0003d270: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 List routing\n-0003d280: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e entries.* net_n\n-0003d290: 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 slookup:: \n-0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n-0003d2b0: 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 a DNS lookup.* \n-0003d2c0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 net_set_vlan:: \n-0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0003d2e0: 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 t vlan id on an \n-0003d2f0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c interface....Fil\n-0003d300: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d310: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 ode: net_add_add\n-0003d320: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 r, Next: net_ad\n-0003d330: 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 d_dns, Up: Netw\n-0003d340: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003d350: 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f .17.5.1 net_add_\n-0003d360: 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d addr.-----------\n-0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003d380: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 mmand: net_add_a\n-0003d390: 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 ddr INTERFACE CA\n-0003d3a0: 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 RD ADDRESS. \n-0003d3b0: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 Configure additi\n-0003d3c0: 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 onal network INT\n-0003d3d0: 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 ERFACE with ADDR\n-0003d3e0: 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b ESS on a network\n-0003d3f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 . CARD. ADD\n-0003d400: 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 RESS can be eith\n-0003d410: 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 er IP in dotted \n-0003d420: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e decimal notation\n-0003d430: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c , or. symbol\n-0003d440: 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 ic name which is\n-0003d450: 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 resolved using \n-0003d460: 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 DNS lookup. If \n-0003d470: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 successful,. \n-0003d480: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c this command al\n-0003d490: 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 so adds local li\n-0003d4a0: 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 nk routing entry\n-0003d4b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a to the default.\n-0003d4c0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 subnet of A\n-0003d4d0: 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 DDRESS with name\n-0003d4e0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f INTERFACE...:lo\n-0003d4f0: 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 cal... via INTER\n-0003d500: 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 FACE.....File: g\n-0003d510: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003d520: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e net_add_dns, N\n-0003d530: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ext: net_add_rou\n-0003d540: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 te, Prev: net_a\n-0003d550: 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 dd_addr, Up: Ne\n-0003d560: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003d570: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 s..17.5.2 net_ad\n-0003d580: 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_dns.----------\n-0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003d5a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 mmand: net_add_d\n-0003d5b0: 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 ns SERVER. R\n-0003d5c0: 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 esolve SERVER IP\n-0003d5d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 address and add\n-0003d5e0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-0003d5f0: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 DNS servers used\n-0003d600: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d . during nam\n-0003d610: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n-0003d620: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d630: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ode: net_add_rou\n-0003d640: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 te, Next: net_b\n-0003d650: 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ootp, Prev: net\n-0003d660: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e _add_dns, Up: N\n-0003d670: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003d680: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 ds..17.5.3 net_a\n-0003d690: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dd_route.-------\n-0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003d6b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003d6c0: 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e add_route SHORTN\n-0003d6d0: 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 AME IP[/PREFIX] \n-0003d6e0: 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a [INTERFACE | gw.\n-0003d6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 GATEWA\n-0003d700: 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 Y]. Add rout\n-0003d710: 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 e to network wit\n-0003d720: 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 h address IP as \n-0003d730: 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 modified by PREF\n-0003d740: 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 IX via. eith\n-0003d750: 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 er local INTERFA\n-0003d760: 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 CE or GATEWAY. \n-0003d770: 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e PREFIX is option\n-0003d780: 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a al and defaults.\n-0003d790: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 to 32 for I\n-0003d7a0: 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 Pv4 address and \n-0003d7b0: 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 128 for IPv6 add\n-0003d7c0: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a ress. Route is.\n-0003d7d0: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 identified \n-0003d7e0: 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 by SHORTNAME whi\n-0003d7f0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ch can be used t\n-0003d800: 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f o remove it (*no\n-0003d810: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f te. net_del_\n-0003d820: 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c route::).....Fil\n-0003d830: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003d840: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 ode: net_bootp, \n-0003d850: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Next: net_del_a\n-0003d860: 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Prev: net_\n-0003d870: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 add_route, Up: \n-0003d880: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003d890: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f nds..17.5.4 net_\n-0003d8a0: 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bootp.----------\n-0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003d8c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b and: net_bootp [\n-0003d8d0: 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 CARD]. Alias\n-0003d8e0: 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 for net_dhcp, f\n-0003d8f0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 or compatibility\n-0003d900: 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 with older Grub\n-0003d910: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 versions.. \n-0003d920: 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 Will perform the\n-0003d930: 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 same DHCP hands\n-0003d940: 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 hake with potent\n-0003d950: 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a ial fallback to.\n-0003d960: 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 BOOTP as th\n-0003d970: 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 e net_dhcp comma\n-0003d980: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 nd (*note net_dh\n-0003d990: 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cp::).....File: \n-0003d9a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003d9b0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n-0003d9c0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Next: net_del_d\n-0003d9d0: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 ns, Prev: net_b\n-0003d9e0: 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f ootp, Up: Netwo\n-0003d9f0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003da00: 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 17.5.5 net_del_a\n-0003da10: 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ddr.------------\n-0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003da30: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 mand: net_del_ad\n-0003da40: 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 dr INTERFACE. \n-0003da50: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Remove configu\n-0003da60: 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 red INTERFACE wi\n-0003da70: 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 th associated ad\n-0003da80: 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dress.....File: \n-0003da90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003daa0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n-0003dab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Next: net_del_ro\n-0003dac0: 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ute, Prev: net_\n-0003dad0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e del_addr, Up: N\n-0003dae0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003daf0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 ds..17.5.6 net_d\n-0003db00: 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d el_dns.---------\n-0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003db20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n-0003db30: 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 dns ADDRESS. \n-0003db40: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 Remove ADDRESS \n-0003db50: 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 from list of ser\n-0003db60: 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 vers used during\n-0003db70: 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f name lookup....\n-0003db80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003db90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n-0003dba0: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _route, Next: n\n-0003dbb0: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 et_dhcp, Prev: \n-0003dbc0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_del_dns, Up\n-0003dbd0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003dbe0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 mands..17.5.7 ne\n-0003dbf0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_del_route.----\n+0003cf70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a =======..* Menu:\n+0003cf80: 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ..* net_add_addr\n+0003cf90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003cfa0: 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 Add a network \n+0003cfb0: 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 address.* net_ad\n+0003cfc0: 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_dns:: \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e Add a DN\n+0003cfe0: 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 S server.* net_a\n+0003cff0: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 dd_route:: \n+0003d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 Add rou\n+0003d010: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 ting entry.* net\n+0003d020: 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bootp:: \n+0003d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n+0003d040: 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 rm a bootp/DHCP \n+0003d050: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n+0003d060: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 n.* net_del_addr\n+0003d070: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d080: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 Remove IP addr\n+0003d090: 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ess from interfa\n+0003d0a0: 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 ce.* net_del_dns\n+0003d0b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d0c0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 Remove a DNS \n+0003d0d0: 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c server.* net_del\n+0003d0e0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route:: \n+0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 Remove a \n+0003d100: 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 route entry.* ne\n+0003d110: 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_dhcp:: \n+0003d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n+0003d130: 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 orm a DHCP autoc\n+0003d140: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e onfiguration.* n\n+0003d150: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n+0003d160: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 on:: Ret\n+0003d170: 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f rieve DHCP optio\n+0003d180: 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ns.* net_ipv6_au\n+0003d190: 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 toconf:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 Perform IPv6 \n+0003d1b0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n+0003d1c0: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a n.* net_ls_addr:\n+0003d1d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d1e0: 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 List interface\n+0003d1f0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 s.* net_ls_cards\n+0003d200: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d210: 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 List network c\n+0003d220: 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e ards.* net_ls_dn\n+0003d230: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+0003d240: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 List DNS se\n+0003d250: 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 rvers.* net_ls_r\n+0003d260: 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 outes:: \n+0003d270: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 List routi\n+0003d280: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 ng entries.* net\n+0003d290: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 _nslookup:: \n+0003d2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n+0003d2b0: 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a rm a DNS lookup.\n+0003d2c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a * net_set_vlan::\n+0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d2e0: 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 Set vlan id on a\n+0003d2f0: 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 n interface....F\n+0003d300: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d310: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 Node: net_add_a\n+0003d320: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n+0003d330: 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 add_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003d340: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003d350: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 s..17.5.1 net_ad\n+0003d360: 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_addr.---------\n+0003d370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003d380: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Command: net_add\n+0003d390: 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 _addr INTERFACE \n+0003d3a0: 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 CARD ADDRESS. \n+0003d3b0: 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 Configure addi\n+0003d3c0: 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 tional network I\n+0003d3d0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 NTERFACE with AD\n+0003d3e0: 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f DRESS on a netwo\n+0003d3f0: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 rk. CARD. A\n+0003d400: 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 DDRESS can be ei\n+0003d410: 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 ther IP in dotte\n+0003d420: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 d decimal notati\n+0003d430: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 on, or. symb\n+0003d440: 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 olic name which \n+0003d450: 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e is resolved usin\n+0003d460: 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 g DNS lookup. I\n+0003d470: 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 f successful,. \n+0003d480: 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 this command \n+0003d490: 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 also adds local \n+0003d4a0: 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 link routing ent\n+0003d4b0: 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c ry to the defaul\n+0003d4c0: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 t. subnet of\n+0003d4d0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 ADDRESS with na\n+0003d4e0: 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a me INTERFACE...:\n+0003d4f0: 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 local... via INT\n+0003d500: 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ERFACE.....File:\n+0003d510: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003d520: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 e: net_add_dns, \n+0003d530: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Next: net_add_r\n+0003d540: 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 oute, Prev: net\n+0003d550: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 _add_addr, Up: \n+0003d560: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003d570: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f nds..17.5.2 net_\n+0003d580: 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d add_dns.--------\n+0003d590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003d5a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Command: net_add\n+0003d5b0: 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 _dns SERVER. \n+0003d5c0: 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 Resolve SERVER \n+0003d5d0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 IP address and a\n+0003d5e0: 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f dd to the list o\n+0003d5f0: 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 f DNS servers us\n+0003d600: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e ed. during n\n+0003d610: 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ame lookup.....F\n+0003d620: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d630: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Node: net_add_r\n+0003d640: 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 oute, Next: net\n+0003d650: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _bootp, Prev: n\n+0003d660: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a et_add_dns, Up:\n+0003d670: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003d680: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 ands..17.5.3 net\n+0003d690: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_route.-----\n+0003d6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003d6b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003d6c0: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 t_add_route SHOR\n+0003d6d0: 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 TNAME IP[/PREFIX\n+0003d6e0: 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 ] [INTERFACE | g\n+0003d6f0: 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 w. GATE\n+0003d700: 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f WAY]. Add ro\n+0003d710: 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 ute to network w\n+0003d720: 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 ith address IP a\n+0003d730: 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 s modified by PR\n+0003d740: 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 EFIX via. ei\n+0003d750: 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 ther local INTER\n+0003d760: 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e FACE or GATEWAY.\n+0003d770: 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 PREFIX is opti\n+0003d780: 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 onal and default\n+0003d790: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 s. to 32 for\n+0003d7a0: 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e IPv4 address an\n+0003d7b0: 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 d 128 for IPv6 a\n+0003d7c0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 ddress. Route i\n+0003d7d0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 s. identifie\n+0003d7e0: 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 d by SHORTNAME w\n+0003d7f0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich can be used\n+0003d800: 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a to remove it (*\n+0003d810: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 note. net_de\n+0003d820: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 l_route::).....F\n+0003d830: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d840: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Node: net_bootp\n+0003d850: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n+0003d860: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _addr, Prev: ne\n+0003d870: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 t_add_route, Up\n+0003d880: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003d890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 mands..17.5.4 ne\n+0003d8a0: 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_bootp.--------\n+0003d8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003d8c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 mmand: net_bootp\n+0003d8d0: 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 [CARD]. Ali\n+0003d8e0: 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c as for net_dhcp,\n+0003d8f0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 for compatibili\n+0003d900: 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 ty with older Gr\n+0003d910: 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 ub versions.. \n+0003d920: 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 Will perform t\n+0003d930: 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e he same DHCP han\n+0003d940: 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 dshake with pote\n+0003d950: 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 ntial fallback t\n+0003d960: 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 o. BOOTP as \n+0003d970: 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d the net_dhcp com\n+0003d980: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f mand (*note net_\n+0003d990: 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dhcp::).....File\n+0003d9a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d9b0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 de: net_del_addr\n+0003d9c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n+0003d9d0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _dns, Prev: net\n+0003d9e0: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _bootp, Up: Net\n+0003d9f0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003da00: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c ..17.5.5 net_del\n+0003da10: 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _addr.----------\n+0003da20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003da30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n+0003da40: 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 addr INTERFACE. \n+0003da50: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 Remove confi\n+0003da60: 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 gured INTERFACE \n+0003da70: 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 with associated \n+0003da80: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 address.....File\n+0003da90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003daa0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c de: net_del_dns,\n+0003dab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Next: net_del_\n+0003dac0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 route, Prev: ne\n+0003dad0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a t_del_addr, Up:\n+0003dae0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003daf0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 ands..17.5.6 net\n+0003db00: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _del_dns.-------\n+0003db10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003db20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 Command: net_de\n+0003db30: 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 l_dns ADDRESS. \n+0003db40: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 Remove ADDRES\n+0003db50: 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 S from list of s\n+0003db60: 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 ervers used duri\n+0003db70: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a ng name lookup..\n+0003db80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003db90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+0003dba0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a el_route, Next:\n+0003dbb0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 net_dhcp, Prev\n+0003dbc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n+0003dbd0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003dbe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 ommands..17.5.7 \n+0003dbf0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d net_del_route.--\n 0003dc00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003dc10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003dc20: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f et_del_route SHO\n-0003dc30: 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f RTNAME. Remo\n-0003dc40: 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 ve route entry i\n-0003dc50: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f dentified by SHO\n-0003dc60: 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a RTNAME.....File:\n-0003dc70: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003dc80: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 e: net_dhcp, Ne\n-0003dc90: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 xt: net_get_dhcp\n-0003dca0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _option, Prev: \n-0003dcb0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n-0003dcc0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003dcd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 ommands..17.5.8 \n-0003dce0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d net_dhcp.-------\n-0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003dd00: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 mmand: net_dhcp \n-0003dd10: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 [CARD]. Perf\n-0003dd20: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f orm configuratio\n-0003dd30: 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 n of CARD using \n-0003dd40: 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 DHCP protocol. \n-0003dd50: 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a If no card name.\n-0003dd60: 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 is specifie\n-0003dd70: 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 d, try to config\n-0003dd80: 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 ure all existing\n-0003dd90: 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 cards. Falls b\n-0003dda0: 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ack to. the \n-0003ddb0: 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 BOOTP protocol, \n-0003ddc0: 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 if needed. If c\n-0003ddd0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 onfiguration was\n-0003dde0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 successful,. \n-0003ddf0: 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 interface with\n-0003de00: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 name CARD...:dh\n-0003de10: 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 cp... and config\n-0003de20: 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 ured address is \n-0003de30: 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 added to. CA\n-0003de40: 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c RD. Additionall\n-0003de50: 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 y the following \n-0003de60: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 DHCP options are\n-0003de70: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a recognized and.\n-0003de80: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a processed:.\n-0003de90: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e . ...1 (Subn\n-0003dea0: 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 et Mask).... \n-0003deb0: 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 Used to ca\n-0003dec0: 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 lculate network \n-0003ded0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e local routing en\n-0003dee0: 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 try for interfac\n-0003def0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e. CARD\n-0003df00: e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 ...:dhcp..... \n-0003df10: 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 ...3 (Router).\n-0003df20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 ... Add\n-0003df30: 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 s default route \n-0003df40: 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e entry with the n\n-0003df50: 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 ame CARD...:dhcp\n-0003df60: 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a :default... via.\n-0003df70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 gatewa\n-0003df80: 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 y from DHCP opti\n-0003df90: 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f on. Note that o\n-0003dfa0: 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 nly option with \n-0003dfb0: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 single. \n-0003dfc0: 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 route is accept\n-0003dfd0: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 ed.. ...6 (D\n-0003dfe0: 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 omain Name Serve\n-0003dff0: 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r).... \n-0003e000: 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 Adds all servers\n-0003e010: 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c from option val\n-0003e020: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ue to the list o\n-0003e030: 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 f servers used. \n-0003e040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 during \n-0003e050: 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e name resolution.\n-0003e060: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 . ...12 (Hos\n-0003e070: 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 t Name).... \n-0003e080: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-0003e090: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003e0a0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n-0003e0b0: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 .._dhcp_hostname\n-0003e0c0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n-0003e0d0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__hostname::)\n-0003e0f0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e100: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n-0003e110: 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 .15 (Domain Name\n-0003e120: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e130: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e140: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e150: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e160: 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f p_domain... (*no\n-0003e170: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n-0003e180: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-0003e190: 6169 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ain::) to the va\n-0003e1a0: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n-0003e1b0: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 ...17 (Root \n-0003e1c0: 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n-0003e1d0: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n-0003e1e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-0003e1f0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n-0003e200: 5f64 6863 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 _dhcp_rootpath..\n-0003e210: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n-0003e220: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__rootpath::) t\n-0003e240: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n-0003e250: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ption.. ...1\n-0003e260: 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 8 (Extensions Pa\n-0003e270: 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 th).... \n-0003e280: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-0003e290: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n-0003e2a0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n-0003e2b0: 6863 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 hcp_extensionspa\n-0003e2c0: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th.... \n-0003e2d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 (*note net__extension\n-0003e2f0: 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 spath::) to the \n-0003e300: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n-0003e310: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 option.. \n-0003e320: e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 ...66 (TFTP Serv\n-0003e330: 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 er Name).... \n-0003e340: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e350: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e360: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e370: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f ..._dhcp_server_\n-0003e380: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 name.... \n-0003e390: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e (*note net__dhcp_se\n-0003e3b0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 rver_name::) to \n-0003e3c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the value of. \n-0003e3d0: 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 option.. \n-0003e3e0: 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e ...67 (Filen\n-0003e3f0: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n-0003e400: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e410: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e420: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e430: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e boot_file... (*n\n-0003e440: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ote. ne\n-0003e450: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-0003e460: 6f74 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ot_file::) to th\n-0003e470: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n-0003e480: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0003e490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003e4a0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0003e4b0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 n, Next: net_ip\n-0003e4c0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 v6_autoconf, Pr\n-0003e4d0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 ev: net_dhcp, U\n-0003e4e0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003e4f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e mmands..17.5.9 n\n-0003e500: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e510: 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d on.-------------\n-0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003e530: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003e540: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 get_dhcp_option \n-0003e550: 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 VAR INTERFACE NU\n-0003e560: 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 MBER TYPE. R\n-0003e570: 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 equest DHCP opti\n-0003e580: 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 on NUMBER of TYP\n-0003e590: 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e E via INTERFACE.\n-0003e5a0: 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e TYPE can be on\n-0003e5b0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 e. of ...str\n-0003e5c0: 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 ing..., ...numbe\n-0003e5d0: 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 r... or ...hex..\n-0003e5e0: 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 .. If option is\n-0003e5f0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 found, assign i\n-0003e600: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f ts. value to\n-0003e610: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 variable VAR. \n-0003e620: 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 Values of types \n-0003e630: e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...number... and\n-0003e640: 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 ...hex... are. \n-0003e650: 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f converted to\n-0003e660: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e string represen\n-0003e670: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tation.....File:\n-0003e680: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003e690: 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f e: net_ipv6_auto\n-0003e6a0: 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 conf, Next: net\n-0003e6b0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a _ls_addr, Prev:\n-0003e6c0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0003e6d0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f tion, Up: Netwo\n-0003e6e0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003e6f0: 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 17.5.10 net_ipv6\n-0003e700: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _autoconf.------\n+0003dc10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003dc20: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 net_del_route S\n+0003dc30: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 HORTNAME. Re\n+0003dc40: 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 move route entry\n+0003dc50: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 identified by S\n+0003dc60: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c HORTNAME.....Fil\n+0003dc70: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003dc80: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 ode: net_dhcp, \n+0003dc90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Next: net_get_dh\n+0003dca0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 cp_option, Prev\n+0003dcb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+0003dcc0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003dcd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003dce0: 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 net_dhcp.-----\n+0003dcf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003dd00: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 Command: net_dhc\n+0003dd10: 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 p [CARD]. Pe\n+0003dd20: 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 rform configurat\n+0003dd30: 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e ion of CARD usin\n+0003dd40: 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e g DHCP protocol.\n+0003dd50: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d If no card nam\n+0003dd60: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 e. is specif\n+0003dd70: 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 ied, try to conf\n+0003dd80: 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 igure all existi\n+0003dd90: 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 ng cards. Falls\n+0003dda0: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 back to. th\n+0003ddb0: 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c e BOOTP protocol\n+0003ddc0: 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 , if needed. If\n+0003ddd0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 configuration w\n+0003dde0: 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 as successful,. \n+0003ddf0: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 interface wi\n+0003de00: 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a th name CARD...:\n+0003de10: 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 dhcp... and conf\n+0003de20: 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 igured address i\n+0003de30: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 s added to. \n+0003de40: 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 CARD. Additiona\n+0003de50: 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e lly the followin\n+0003de60: 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 g DHCP options a\n+0003de70: 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e re recognized an\n+0003de80: 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 d. processed\n+0003de90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 :.. ...1 (Su\n+0003dea0: 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 bnet Mask).... \n+0003deb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 Used to \n+0003dec0: 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 calculate networ\n+0003ded0: 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 k local routing \n+0003dee0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 entry for interf\n+0003def0: 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 ace. CA\n+0003df00: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 RD...:dhcp..... \n+0003df10: 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 ...3 (Router\n+0003df20: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ).... A\n+0003df30: 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 dds default rout\n+0003df40: 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 e entry with the\n+0003df50: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 name CARD...:dh\n+0003df60: 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 cp:default... vi\n+0003df70: 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 a. gate\n+0003df80: 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 way from DHCP op\n+0003df90: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 tion. Note that\n+0003dfa0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 only option wit\n+0003dfb0: 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 h single. \n+0003dfc0: 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 route is acce\n+0003dfd0: 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 pted.. ...6 \n+0003dfe0: 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 (Domain Name Ser\n+0003dff0: 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ver).... \n+0003e000: 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 Adds all serve\n+0003e010: 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 rs from option v\n+0003e020: 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 alue to the list\n+0003e030: 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 of servers used\n+0003e040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e . durin\n+0003e050: 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f g name resolutio\n+0003e060: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 n.. ...12 (H\n+0003e070: 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ost Name).... \n+0003e080: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e090: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e0a0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_hostna\n+0003e0c0: 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 me... (*note. \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__hostname:\n+0003e0f0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e100: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n+0003e110: e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 ...15 (Domain Na\n+0003e120: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e130: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e140: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e150: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n+0003e160: 6863 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a hcp_domain... (*\n+0003e170: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n+0003e180: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0003e190: 6f6d 6169 6e3a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 omain::) to the \n+0003e1a0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n+0003e1b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f . ...17 (Roo\n+0003e1c0: 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 t Path).... \n+0003e1d0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n+0003e1e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003e1f0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n+0003e200: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 .._dhcp_rootpath\n+0003e210: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0003e220: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__rootpath::)\n+0003e240: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e250: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n+0003e260: 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 .18 (Extensions \n+0003e270: 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n+0003e280: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+0003e290: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+0003e2a0: 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 net_......\n+0003e2b0: 5f64 6863 705f 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 _dhcp_extensions\n+0003e2c0: 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 path.... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e (*note net__extensi\n+0003e2f0: 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 onspath::) to th\n+0003e300: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e value of. \n+0003e310: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 option.. \n+0003e320: 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 ...66 (TFTP Se\n+0003e330: 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 rver Name).... \n+0003e340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+0003e350: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003e360: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_serve\n+0003e380: 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 r_name.... \n+0003e390: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c (*note net_<\n+0003e3a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+0003e3b0: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 server_name::) t\n+0003e3c0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 o the value of. \n+0003e3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e option.\n+0003e3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 2846 696c . ...67 (Fil\n+0003e3f0: 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ename).... \n+0003e400: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n+0003e410: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+0003e420: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n+0003e430: 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 ._boot_file... (\n+0003e440: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+0003e450: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0003e460: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 boot_file::) to \n+0003e470: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n+0003e480: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003e490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003e4a0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003e4b0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ion, Next: net_\n+0003e4c0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 ipv6_autoconf, \n+0003e4d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Prev: net_dhcp, \n+0003e4e0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003e4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 commands..17.5.9\n+0003e500: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0003e510: 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tion.-----------\n+0003e520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003e530: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003e540: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+0003e550: 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 n VAR INTERFACE \n+0003e560: 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 NUMBER TYPE. \n+0003e570: 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 Request DHCP op\n+0003e580: 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 tion NUMBER of T\n+0003e590: 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 YPE via INTERFAC\n+0003e5a0: 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 E. TYPE can be \n+0003e5b0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 one. of ...s\n+0003e5c0: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d tring..., ...num\n+0003e5d0: 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 ber... or ...hex\n+0003e5e0: e280 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 .... If option \n+0003e5f0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e is found, assign\n+0003e600: 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 its. value \n+0003e610: 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e to variable VAR.\n+0003e620: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 Values of type\n+0003e630: 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 s ...number... a\n+0003e640: 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 nd ...hex... are\n+0003e650: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 . converted \n+0003e660: 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 to string repres\n+0003e670: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entation.....Fil\n+0003e680: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003e690: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ode: net_ipv6_au\n+0003e6a0: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e toconf, Next: n\n+0003e6b0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 et_ls_addr, Pre\n+0003e6c0: 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f v: net_get_dhcp_\n+0003e6d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 option, Up: Net\n+0003e6e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003e6f0: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 ..17.5.10 net_ip\n+0003e700: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d v6_autoconf.----\n 0003e710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e720: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003e730: 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 : net_ipv6_autoc\n-0003e740: 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 onf [CARD]. \n-0003e750: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 Perform IPv6 aut\n-0003e760: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 oconfiguration b\n-0003e770: 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 y adding to the \n-0003e780: 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 CARD interface w\n-0003e790: 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 ith. name CA\n-0003e7a0: 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e RD...:link... an\n-0003e7b0: 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 d link local MAC\n-0003e7c0: 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 -based address. \n-0003e7d0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 If no card is. \n-0003e7e0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 specified, p\n-0003e7f0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 erform autoconfi\n-0003e800: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c guration for all\n-0003e810: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e existing cards.\n-0003e820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003e830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003e840: 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ls_addr, Next: \n-0003e850: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 net_ls_cards, P\n-0003e860: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 rev: net_ipv6_au\n-0003e870: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 toconf, Up: Net\n-0003e880: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-0003e890: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.11 net_ls\n-0003e8a0: 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _addr.----------\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003e8c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 ommand: net_ls_a\n-0003e8d0: 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c ddr. List al\n-0003e8e0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 l configured int\n-0003e8f0: 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 erfaces with the\n-0003e900: 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 ir MAC and IP ad\n-0003e910: 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dresses.....File\n-0003e920: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003e930: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n-0003e940: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n-0003e950: 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Prev: net_\n-0003e960: 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 ls_addr, Up: Ne\n-0003e970: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003e980: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.12 net_l\n-0003e990: 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_cards.--------\n-0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003e9b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-0003e9c0: 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 s_cards. Lis\n-0003e9d0: 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e t all detected n\n-0003e9e0: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 etwork cards wit\n-0003e9f0: 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 h their MAC addr\n-0003ea00: 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ess.....File: gr\n-0003ea10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003ea20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 net_ls_dns, Nex\n-0003ea30: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 t: net_ls_routes\n-0003ea40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Prev: net_ls_\n-0003ea50: 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 cards, Up: Netw\n-0003ea60: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003ea70: 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f .17.5.13 net_ls_\n-0003ea80: 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dns.------------\n-0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003eaa0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a and: net_ls_dns.\n-0003eab0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 List addres\n-0003eac0: 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 ses of DNS serve\n-0003ead0: 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e rs used during n\n-0003eae0: 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ame lookup.....F\n-0003eaf0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003eb00: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f Node: net_ls_ro\n-0003eb10: 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 utes, Next: net\n-0003eb20: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 _nslookup, Prev\n-0003eb30: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 : net_ls_dns, U\n-0003eb40: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003eb50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 mmands..17.5.14 \n-0003eb60: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d net_ls_routes.--\n+0003e720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003e730: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 nd: net_ipv6_aut\n+0003e740: 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 oconf [CARD]. \n+0003e750: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 Perform IPv6 a\n+0003e760: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n+0003e770: 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 by adding to th\n+0003e780: 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e CARD interface\n+0003e790: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 with. name \n+0003e7a0: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 CARD...:link... \n+0003e7b0: 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d and link local M\n+0003e7c0: 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 AC-based address\n+0003e7d0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 . If no card is\n+0003e7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c . specified,\n+0003e7f0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e perform autocon\n+0003e800: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 figuration for a\n+0003e810: 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 ll existing card\n+0003e820: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003e830: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003e840: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 t_ls_addr, Next\n+0003e850: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 : net_ls_cards, \n+0003e860: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f Prev: net_ipv6_\n+0003e870: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e autoconf, Up: N\n+0003e880: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003e890: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f ds..17.5.11 net_\n+0003e8a0: 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_addr.--------\n+0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003e8c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n+0003e8d0: 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 _addr. List \n+0003e8e0: 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 all configured i\n+0003e8f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 nterfaces with t\n+0003e900: 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 heir MAC and IP \n+0003e910: 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 addresses.....Fi\n+0003e920: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003e930: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 Node: net_ls_car\n+0003e940: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c ds, Next: net_l\n+0003e950: 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 s_dns, Prev: ne\n+0003e960: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 t_ls_addr, Up: \n+0003e970: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0003e980: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 nds..17.5.12 net\n+0003e990: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_cards.------\n+0003e9a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003e9b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003e9c0: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c _ls_cards. L\n+0003e9d0: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 ist all detected\n+0003e9e0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 network cards w\n+0003e9f0: 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 ith their MAC ad\n+0003ea00: 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dress.....File: \n+0003ea10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003ea20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e : net_ls_dns, N\n+0003ea30: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 ext: net_ls_rout\n+0003ea40: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c es, Prev: net_l\n+0003ea50: 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 s_cards, Up: Ne\n+0003ea60: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003ea70: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.13 net_l\n+0003ea80: 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_dns.----------\n+0003ea90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003eaa0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e mmand: net_ls_dn\n+0003eab0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 s. List addr\n+0003eac0: 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 esses of DNS ser\n+0003ead0: 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 vers used during\n+0003eae0: 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f name lookup....\n+0003eaf0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003eb00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Node: net_ls_\n+0003eb10: 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e routes, Next: n\n+0003eb20: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 et_nslookup, Pr\n+0003eb30: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 ev: net_ls_dns, \n+0003eb40: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003eb50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003eb60: 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 4 net_ls_routes.\n 0003eb70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eb80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003eb90: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a : net_ls_routes.\n-0003eba0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e List routin\n-0003ebb0: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 g entries.....Fi\n-0003ebc0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003ebd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b Node: net_nslook\n-0003ebe0: 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 up, Next: net_s\n-0003ebf0: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 et_vlan, Prev: \n-0003ec00: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 net_ls_routes, \n-0003ec10: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003ec20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 ommands..17.5.15\n-0003ec30: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d net_nslookup.--\n+0003eb80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003eb90: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 nd: net_ls_route\n+0003eba0: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 s. List rout\n+0003ebb0: 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a ing entries.....\n+0003ebc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003ebd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Node: net_nslo\n+0003ebe0: 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 okup, Next: net\n+0003ebf0: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 _set_vlan, Prev\n+0003ec00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c : net_ls_routes,\n+0003ec10: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003ec20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003ec30: 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 15 net_nslookup.\n 0003ec40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ec50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003ec60: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 net_nslookup NA\n-0003ec70: 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 ME [SERVER]. \n-0003ec80: 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 Resolve address\n-0003ec90: 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 of NAME using D\n-0003eca0: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 NS server SERVER\n-0003ecb0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 . If no server \n-0003ecc0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 is. given, u\n-0003ecd0: 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 se default list \n-0003ece0: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 of servers.....F\n-0003ecf0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003ed00: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 Node: net_set_v\n-0003ed10: 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f lan, Prev: net_\n-0003ed20: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e nslookup, Up: N\n-0003ed30: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003ed40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f ds..17.5.16 net_\n-0003ed50: 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set_vlan.-------\n-0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003ed70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003ed80: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 set_vlan INTERFA\n-0003ed90: 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 CE VLANID. S\n-0003eda0: 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c et the 802.1Q VL\n-0003edb0: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e AN identifier on\n-0003edc0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c INTERFACE to VL\n-0003edd0: 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ANID. For. \n-0003ede0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 example, to set \n-0003edf0: 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 the VLAN identif\n-0003ee00: 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ier on interface\n-0003ee10: 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 ...efinet1... t\n-0003ee20: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 o. ...100...\n-0003ee30: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 :.. net\n-0003ee40: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 _set_vlan efinet\n-0003ee50: 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 1 100.. The \n-0003ee60: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n-0003ee70: 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 can be removed b\n-0003ee80: 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 y setting it to \n-0003ee90: e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ...0...:.. \n-0003eea0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e net_set_vlan\n-0003eeb0: 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 efinet1 0....Fi\n-0003eec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003eed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Node: Undocument\n-0003eee0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ed commands, Pr\n-0003eef0: 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 ev: Networking c\n-0003ef00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n-0003ef10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d mmands..17.6 Com\n-0003ef20: 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mands currently \n-0003ef30: 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d undocumented.===\n+0003ec50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003ec60: 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 d: net_nslookup \n+0003ec70: 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 NAME [SERVER]. \n+0003ec80: 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 Resolve addre\n+0003ec90: 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 ss of NAME using\n+0003eca0: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 DNS server SERV\n+0003ecb0: 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 ER. If no serve\n+0003ecc0: 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c r is. given,\n+0003ecd0: 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 use default lis\n+0003ece0: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f t of servers....\n+0003ecf0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003ed00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 , Node: net_set\n+0003ed10: 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _vlan, Prev: ne\n+0003ed20: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a t_nslookup, Up:\n+0003ed30: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003ed40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 ands..17.5.16 ne\n+0003ed50: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_set_vlan.-----\n+0003ed60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003ed70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003ed80: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 t_set_vlan INTER\n+0003ed90: 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 FACE VLANID. \n+0003eda0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 Set the 802.1Q \n+0003edb0: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n+0003edc0: 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 on INTERFACE to \n+0003edd0: 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 VLANID. For. \n+0003ede0: 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 example, to se\n+0003edf0: 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 t the VLAN ident\n+0003ee00: 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ifier on interfa\n+0003ee10: 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 ce ...efinet1...\n+0003ee20: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 to. ...100.\n+0003ee30: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e ..:.. n\n+0003ee40: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e et_set_vlan efin\n+0003ee50: 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 et1 100.. Th\n+0003ee60: 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 e VLAN identifie\n+0003ee70: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 r can be removed\n+0003ee80: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 by setting it t\n+0003ee90: 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 o ...0...:.. \n+0003eea0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c net_set_vl\n+0003eeb0: 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a an efinet1 0....\n+0003eec0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003eed0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 Node: Undocume\n+0003eee0: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 nted commands, \n+0003eef0: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Prev: Networking\n+0003ef00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0003ef10: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 Commands..17.6 C\n+0003ef20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c ommands currentl\n+0003ef30: 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d y undocumented.=\n 0003ef40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003ef50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ef60: 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 =..Unfortunately\n-0003ef70: 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 , not all GRUB c\n-0003ef80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 ommands are docu\n-0003ef90: 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 mented at this t\n-0003efa0: 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c ime due to.devel\n-0003efb0: 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f oper resource co\n-0003efc0: 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 nstraints. One \n-0003efd0: 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 way to contribut\n-0003efe0: 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 e back to the GR\n-0003eff0: 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 UB.project would\n-0003f000: 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 be to help docu\n-0003f010: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 ment these comma\n-0003f020: 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 nds, and submit \n-0003f030: 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 patches or.ideas\n-0003f040: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 to the mailing \n-0003f050: 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f list. The follo\n-0003f060: 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 wing is a (most \n-0003f070: 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 likely incomplet\n-0003f080: 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 e).list of undoc\n-0003f090: 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c umented or poorl\n-0003f0a0: 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d y documented com\n-0003f0b0: 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c mands and not al\n-0003f0c0: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c l of them.are al\n-0003f0d0: 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c lowed for all pl\n-0003f0e0: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e atforms. Runnin\n-0003f0f0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 g the command he\n-0003f100: 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 lp from within t\n-0003f110: 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 he.GRUB shell ma\n-0003f120: 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 y provide more i\n-0003f130: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 nformation on pa\n-0003f140: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 rameters and usa\n-0003f150: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 ge... ... ...a\n-0003f160: 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 ll_functional_te\n-0003f170: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 st... - Run all \n-0003f180: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 functional tests\n-0003f190: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b .. ... ...back\n-0003f1a0: 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 trace... - Print\n-0003f1b0: 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 backtrace.. .\n-0003f1c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 .. ...boottime..\n-0003f1d0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 . - Show boot ti\n-0003f1e0: 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 me statistics.. \n-0003f1f0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e ... ...cachein\n-0003f200: 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b fo... - Get disk\n-0003f210: 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 cache info.. \n-0003f220: e280 a220 e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 ... ...cbmemc...\n-0003f230: 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f - Show CBMEM co\n-0003f240: 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 nsole content.. \n-0003f250: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 ... ...cmosset\n-0003f260: e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 ... - Set bit at\n-0003f270: 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f BYTE:BIT in CMO\n-0003f280: 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 S.. ... ...cor\n-0003f290: 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 eboot_boottime..\n-0003f2a0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f . - Show coreboo\n-0003f2b0: 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 t boot time stat\n-0003f2c0: 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 istics.. ... .\n-0003f2d0: 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 ..dump... - Show\n-0003f2e0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 memory contents\n-0003f2f0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 .. ... ...efie\n-0003f300: 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d mu_loadcore... -\n-0003f310: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 Load and initia\n-0003f320: 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f lize EFI emulato\n-0003f330: 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 r.. ... ...efi\n-0003f340: 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d emu_prepare... -\n-0003f350: 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e Finalize loadin\n-0003f360: 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f g of EFI emulato\n-0003f370: 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 r.. ... ...efi\n-0003f380: 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 emu_unload... - \n-0003f390: 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 Unload EFI emula\n-0003f3a0: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n-0003f3b0: 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 xit... - Exit fr\n-0003f3c0: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om GRUB.. ... \n-0003f3d0: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 ...extract_entri\n-0003f3e0: 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 es_configfile...\n-0003f3f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 - Load another \n-0003f400: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 config file but \n-0003f410: 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d take. only m\n-0003f420: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 enu entries.. \n-0003f430: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 ... ...extract_e\n-0003f440: 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ntries_source...\n-0003f450: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 - Load another \n-0003f460: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 config file with\n-0003f470: 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e out. changin\n-0003f480: 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 g context but ta\n-0003f490: 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ke only menu ent\n-0003f4a0: 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ries.. ... ...\n-0003f4b0: 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 extract_legacy_e\n-0003f4c0: 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ntries_configfil\n-0003f4d0: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 e... - Parse leg\n-0003f4e0: 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 acy config in ne\n-0003f4f0: 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 w. context t\n-0003f500: 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 aking only menu \n-0003f510: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 entries. ... .\n-0003f520: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 ..extract_legacy\n-0003f530: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 _entries_source.\n-0003f540: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n-0003f550: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 y config in same\n-0003f560: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 . context ta\n-0003f570: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n-0003f580: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n-0003f590: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 .extract_syslinu\n-0003f5a0: 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 x_entries_config\n-0003f5b0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 file... - Execut\n-0003f5c0: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n-0003f5d0: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f g in. new co\n-0003f5e0: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n-0003f5f0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n-0003f600: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n-0003f610: 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 _syslinux_entrie\n-0003f620: 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 s_source... - Ex\n-0003f630: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n-0003f640: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 onfig in same. \n-0003f650: 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e context takin\n-0003f660: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n-0003f670: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 ies. ... ...fa\n-0003f680: 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 kebios... - Crea\n-0003f690: 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 te BIOS-like str\n-0003f6a0: 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b uctures for back\n-0003f6b0: 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 ward compatibili\n-0003f6c0: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 ty. with exi\n-0003f6d0: 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 sting OS.. ...\n-0003f6e0: 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 ...file... - Ch\n-0003f6f0: 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f eck if FILE is o\n-0003f700: 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 f specified type\n-0003f710: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f .. ... ...fix_\n-0003f720: 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 video... - Fix v\n-0003f730: 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 ideo problem.. \n-0003f740: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 ... ...fpswa...\n-0003f750: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 - Display FPSWA\n-0003f760: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 version.. ...\n-0003f770: 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 ...functional_t\n-0003f780: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c est... - Run all\n-0003f790: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e loaded function\n-0003f7a0: 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al tests.. ...\n-0003f7b0: 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 ...gdbstub_brea\n-0003f7c0: 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 k... - Break int\n-0003f7d0: 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 o GDB. ... ...\n-0003f7e0: 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 gdbstub... - Sta\n-0003f7f0: 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 rt GDB stub on g\n-0003f800: 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 iven port. ...\n-0003f810: 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 ...gdbstub_stop\n-0003f820: e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 ... - Stop GDB s\n-0003f830: 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 tub. ... ...hd\n-0003f840: 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 parm... - Get/se\n-0003f850: 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d t ATA disk param\n-0003f860: 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 eters.. ... ..\n-0003f870: 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 .hexdump_random.\n-0003f880: 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e .. - Hexdump ran\n-0003f890: 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 dom data.. ...\n-0003f8a0: 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ...inb... - Rea\n-0003f8b0: 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 d 8-bit value fr\n-0003f8c0: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f8d0: e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 ...inl... - Read\n-0003f8e0: 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 32-bit value fr\n-0003f8f0: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f900: e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 ...inw... - Read\n-0003f910: 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 16-bit value fr\n-0003f920: 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om PORT.. ... \n-0003f930: e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...jpegtest... -\n-0003f940: 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Tests loading o\n-0003f950: 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 f JPEG bitmap.. \n-0003f960: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 ... ...keymap.\n-0003f970: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 .. - Load a keyb\n-0003f980: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 oard layout.. \n-0003f990: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 ... ...legacy_ch\n-0003f9a0: 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 eck_password... \n-0003f9b0: 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d - Simulate grub-\n-0003f9c0: 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 legacy 'password\n-0003f9d0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 ' command. i\n-0003f9e0: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 n menu entry mod\n-0003f9f0: 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 e. ... ...lega\n-0003fa00: 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 cy_configfile...\n-0003fa10: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n-0003fa20: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f config in new co\n-0003fa30: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n-0003fa40: 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 legacy_password.\n-0003fa50: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n-0003fa60: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 ub-legacy 'passw\n-0003fa70: 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 ord' command. \n-0003fa80: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f ... ...legacy_so\n-0003fa90: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 urce... - Parse \n-0003faa0: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n-0003fab0: 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 same context. \n-0003fac0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 ... ...loadbios\n-0003fad0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 ... - Load BIOS \n-0003fae0: 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dump.. ... ...\n-0003faf0: 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 lsacpi... - Show\n-0003fb00: 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ACPI informatio\n-0003fb10: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 n.. ... ...lsa\n-0003fb20: 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d pm... - Show APM\n-0003fb30: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 information.. \n-0003fb40: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f ... ...lscorebo\n-0003fb50: 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 ot... - List cor\n-0003fb60: 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 eboot tables.. \n-0003fb70: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 ... ...lsdev...\n-0003fb80: 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e - List devices.\n-0003fb90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n-0003fba0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 ... - Display EF\n-0003fbb0: 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 I handles.. ..\n-0003fbc0: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 . ...lsefimmap..\n-0003fbd0: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 . - Display EFI \n-0003fbe0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 memory map.. .\n-0003fbf0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 .. ...lsefisysta\n-0003fc00: 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 b... - Display E\n-0003fc10: 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 FI system tables\n-0003fc20: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d .. ... ...lsmm\n-0003fc30: 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d ap... - List mem\n-0003fc40: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ory map provided\n-0003fc50: 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 by firmware.. \n-0003fc60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 ... ...lspci...\n-0003fc70: 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 - List PCI devi\n-0003fc80: 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ces.. ... ...l\n-0003fc90: 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 ssal... - Displa\n-0003fca0: 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 y SAL system tab\n-0003fcb0: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 le.. ... ...ls\n-0003fcc0: 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d spd... - Print M\n-0003fcd0: 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f emory informatio\n-0003fce0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 n.. ... ...mac\n-0003fcf0: 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c ppcbless... - Bl\n-0003fd00: 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f ess DIR of HFS o\n-0003fd10: 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e r HFS+ partition\n-0003fd20: 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 for PPC macs.. \n-0003fd30: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 ... ...mactelb\n-0003fd40: 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 less... - Bless \n-0003fd50: 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 FILE of HFS or H\n-0003fd60: 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f FS+ partition fo\n-0003fd70: 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 r intel macs.. \n-0003fd80: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f ... ...net_set_\n-0003fd90: 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e vlan... - Set an\n-0003fda0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 interface's vla\n-0003fdb0: 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 n id.. ... ...\n-0003fdc0: 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 outb... - Write \n-0003fdd0: 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 8-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fde0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f ORT.. ... ...o\n-0003fdf0: 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 utl... - Write 3\n-0003fe00: 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 2-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fe10: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f ORT.. ... ...o\n-0003fe20: 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 utw... - Write 1\n-0003fe30: 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 6-bit VALUE to P\n-0003fe40: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 ORT.. ... ...p\n-0003fe50: 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 cidump... - Show\n-0003fe60: 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 raw dump of the\n-0003fe70: 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 PCI configurati\n-0003fe80: 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 on space.. ...\n-0003fe90: 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...pngtest... -\n-0003fea0: 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Tests loading o\n-0003feb0: 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 f PNG bitmap.. \n-0003fec0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 ... ...read_byt\n-0003fed0: 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 e... - Read 8-bi\n-0003fee0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 t value from ADD\n-0003fef0: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 R.. ... ...rea\n-0003ff00: 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 d_dword... - Rea\n-0003ff10: 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 32-bit value f\n-0003ff20: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n-0003ff30: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 ...read_word...\n-0003ff40: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 16-bit v\n-0003ff50: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a alue from ADDR..\n-0003ff60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 ... ...setpci\n-0003ff70: e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 ... - Manipulate\n-0003ff80: 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 PCI devices.. \n-0003ff90: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 ... ...suspend.\n-0003ffa0: 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 .. - Return to I\n-0003ffb0: 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a EEE1275 prompt..\n-0003ffc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e ... ...syslin\n-0003ffd0: 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ux_configfile...\n-0003ffe0: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n-0003fff0: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 nux config in ne\n-00040000: 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 w context. ...\n-00040010: 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 ...syslinux_sou\n-00040020: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 rce... - Execute\n-00040030: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n-00040040: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n-00040050: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f . ... ...test_\n-00040060: 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 blockarg... - Pr\n-00040070: 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 int and execute \n-00040080: 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c block argument.,\n-00040090: 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 0. ... ...tes\n-000400a0: 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 tload... - Load \n-000400b0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e the same file in\n-000400c0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a multiple ways..\n-000400d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 ... ...testsp\n-000400e0: 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 eed... - Test fi\n-000400f0: 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 le read speed.. \n-00040100: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 ... ...tgatest\n-00040110: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n-00040120: 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 ing of TGA bitma\n-00040130: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d p.. ... ...tim\n-00040140: 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 e... - Measure t\n-00040150: 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d ime used by COMM\n-00040160: 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 AND. ... ...tr\n-00040170: e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 ... - Translate \n-00040180: 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 SET1 characters \n-00040190: 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e to SET2 in STRIN\n-000401a0: 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 G.. ... ...usb\n-000401b0: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 ... - Test USB s\n-000401c0: 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 upport.. ... .\n-000401d0: 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c ..vbeinfo... - L\n-000401e0: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n-000401f0: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 deo modes. If r\n-00040200: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 esolution is giv\n-00040210: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c en. show onl\n-00040220: 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 y modes matching\n-00040230: 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 it.. ... ...v\n-00040240: 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 betest... - Test\n-00040250: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d video subsystem\n-00040260: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 .. ... ...vide\n-00040270: 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 otest... - Test \n-00040280: 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 video subsystem \n-00040290: 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 in mode WxH.. \n-000402a0: e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 ... ...write_byt\n-000402b0: 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 e... - Write 8-b\n-000402c0: 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 it VALUE to ADDR\n-000402d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 .. ... ...writ\n-000402e0: 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 e_dword... - Wri\n-000402f0: 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 32-bit VALUE \n-00040300: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n-00040310: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 ...write_word...\n-00040320: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 - Write 16-bit \n-00040330: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 VALUE to ADDR.. \n-00040340: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 ... ...xen_cat\n-00040350: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 ... - List Xen s\n-00040360: 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 torage.. ... .\n-00040370: 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ..xen_ls... - Li\n-00040380: 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a st Xen storage..\n-00040390: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 ... ...xnu_de\n-000403a0: 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 vprop_load... - \n-000403b0: 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f Load 'device-pro\n-000403c0: 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 perties' dump.. \n-000403d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 ... ...xnu_uui\n-000403e0: 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d d... - Transform\n-000403f0: 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 64-bit UUID to \n-00040400: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 format suitable \n-00040410: 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 for XNU. If. \n-00040420: 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 -l is given kee\n-00040430: 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 p it lowercase a\n-00040440: 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e s done by blkid.\n-00040450: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 . ... ...zfs-b\n-00040460: 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 ootfs... - Print\n-00040470: 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ o\n-00040480: 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 r store it into \n-00040490: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 VARIABLE. ... \n-000404a0: e280 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 ...zfsinfo... - \n-000404b0: 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 Print ZFS info a\n-000404c0: 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 bout DEVICE.. \n-000404d0: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 ... ...zfskey...\n-000404e0: 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 - Import ZFS wr\n-000404f0: 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 apping key store\n-00040500: 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 d in FILE.....Fi\n-00040510: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00040520: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f Node: Internatio\n-00040530: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 nalisation, Nex\n-00040540: 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 t: Security, Pr\n-00040550: 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 ev: Commands, U\n-00040560: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 p: Top..18 Inter\n-00040570: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a nationalisation.\n-00040580: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 *******..18.1 Ch\n-000405a0: 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d arset.==========\n-000405b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 ==..GRUB uses UT\n-000405c0: 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f F-8 internally o\n-000405d0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e ther than in ren\n-000405e0: 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d dering where som\n-000405f0: 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 e.GRUB-specific \n-00040600: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 appropriate repr\n-00040610: 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 esentation is us\n-00040620: 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 ed. All text fi\n-00040630: 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 les.(including c\n-00040640: 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d onfig) are assum\n-00040650: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 ed to be encoded\n-00040660: 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 in UTF-8...18.2\n-00040670: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d Filesystems.===\n-00040680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e =============..N\n-00040690: 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 TFS, JFS, UDF, H\n-000406a0: 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 FS+, exFAT, long\n-000406b0: 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 filenames in FA\n-000406c0: 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f T, Joliet part o\n-000406d0: 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 f.ISO9660 are tr\n-000406e0: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 eated as UTF-16 \n-000406f0: 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 as per specifica\n-00040700: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 tion. AFS and B\n-00040710: 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 FS are.read as U\n-00040720: 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f TF-8, again acco\n-00040730: 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 rding to specifi\n-00040740: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 cation. BtrFS, \n-00040750: 6370 696f 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 cpio, tar,.squas\n-00040760: 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 h4, minix, minix\n-00040770: 322c 206d 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2, minix3, ROMFS\n-00040780: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c , ReiserFS, XFS,\n-00040790: 2065 7874 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 ext2, ext3, ext\n-000407a0: 342c 0a46 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 4,.FAT (short na\n-000407b0: 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b mes), F2FS, Rock\n-000407c0: 5269 6467 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 Ridge part of IS\n-000407d0: 4f39 3636 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 O9660, nilfs2, U\n-000407e0: 4653 312c 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 FS1, UFS2.and ZF\n-000407f0: 5320 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f S are assumed to\n-00040800: 2062 6520 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 be UTF-8. This\n-00040810: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 6661 6c73 6520 might be false \n-00040820: 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a63 6f6e 6669 on systems.confi\n-00040830: 6775 7265 6420 7769 7468 206c 6567 6163 gured with legac\n-00040840: 7920 6368 6172 7365 7420 6275 7420 6173 y charset but as\n-00040850: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 2063 6861 long as the cha\n-00040860: 7273 6574 2075 7365 6420 6973 0a73 7570 rset used is.sup\n-00040870: 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2079 erset of ASCII y\n-00040880: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c ou should be abl\n-00040890: 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 4153 4349 e to access ASCI\n-000408a0: 492d 6e61 6d65 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 I-named files. \n-000408b0: 416e 640a 6974 2773 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 And.it's recomme\n-000408c0: 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nded to configur\n-000408d0: 6520 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f e your system to\n-000408e0: 2075 7365 2055 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 use UTF-8 to ac\n-000408f0: 6365 7373 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 cess the.filesys\n-00040900: 7465 6d2c 2063 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 7920 tem, convmv may \n-00040910: 6865 6c70 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6772 6174 help with migrat\n-00040920: 696f 6e2e 2020 4953 4f39 3636 3020 2870 ion. ISO9660 (p\n-00040930: 6c61 696e 2920 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a lain) filenames.\n-00040940: 6172 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 are specified as\n-00040950: 2062 6569 6e67 2041 5343 4949 206f 7220 being ASCII or \n-00040960: 6265 696e 6720 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 being described \n-00040970: 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 with unspecified\n-00040980: 2065 7363 6170 650a 7365 7175 656e 6365 escape.sequence\n-00040990: 732e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 s. GRUB assumes\n-000409a0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4953 4f39 3636 that the ISO966\n-000409b0: 3020 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 5554 462d 0 names are UTF-\n-000409c0: 3820 2873 696e 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 8 (since any.ASC\n-000409d0: 4949 2069 7320 7661 6c69 6420 5554 462d II is valid UTF-\n-000409e0: 3829 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2073 8). There are s\n-000409f0: 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6420 4344 2d52 4f4d 7320 ome old CD-ROMs \n-00040a00: 7768 6963 6820 7573 6520 4350 3433 3720 which use CP437 \n-00040a10: 696e 0a6e 6f6e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 in.non-compliant\n-00040a20: 2077 6179 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 6520 7374 way. You're st\n-00040a30: 696c 6c20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 ill able to acce\n-00040a40: 7373 2066 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6e61 ss files with na\n-00040a50: 6d65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f mes.containing o\n-00040a60: 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 6163 nly ASCII charac\n-00040a70: 7465 7273 206f 6e20 7375 6368 2066 696c ters on such fil\n-00040a80: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 686f 7567 682e esystems though.\n-00040a90: 2020 596f 7527 7265 0a61 6c73 6f20 6162 You're.also ab\n-00040aa0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2061 6e79 le to access any\n-00040ab0: 2066 696c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c file if the fil\n-00040ac0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 esystem contains\n-00040ad0: 2076 616c 6964 204a 6f6c 6965 740a 2855 valid Joliet.(U\n-00040ae0: 5446 2d31 3629 206f 7220 526f 636b 5269 TF-16) or RockRi\n-00040af0: 6467 6520 2855 5446 2d38 292e 2020 4146 dge (UTF-8). AF\n-00040b00: 4653 2c20 5346 5320 616e 6420 4846 5320 FS, SFS and HFS \n-00040b10: 6e65 7665 7220 7573 6520 756e 6963 6f64 never use unicod\n-00040b20: 6520 616e 640a 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d e and.GRUB assum\n-00040b30: 6573 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2062 6520 696e es them to be in\n-00040b40: 204c 6174 696e 312c 204c 6174 696e 3120 Latin1, Latin1 \n-00040b50: 616e 6420 4d61 6352 6f6d 616e 2072 6573 and MacRoman res\n-00040b60: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a47 5255 4220 pectively..GRUB \n-00040b70: 6861 6e64 6c65 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 handles filesyst\n-00040b80: 656d 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 em case-insensit\n-00040b90: 6976 6974 7920 686f 7765 7665 7220 6e6f ivity however no\n-00040ba0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2069 730a 7065 7266 attempt is.perf\n-00040bb0: 6f72 6d65 6420 6174 2063 6173 6520 636f ormed at case co\n-00040bc0: 6e76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 696e 7465 nversion of inte\n-00040bd0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 6163 rnational charac\n-00040be0: 7465 7273 2073 6f20 652e 672e 2020 6120 ters so e.g. a \n-00040bf0: 6669 6c65 0a6e 616d 6564 206c 6f77 6572 file.named lower\n-00040c00: 6361 7365 2067 7265 656b 2061 6c70 6861 case greek alpha\n-00040c10: 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2064 is treated as d\n-00040c20: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ifferent from th\n-00040c30: 6520 6f6e 6520 6e61 6d65 640a 6173 2075 e one named.as u\n-00040c40: 7070 6572 6361 7365 2061 6c70 6861 2e20 ppercase alpha. \n-00040c50: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 The filesystems\n-00040c60: 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 in questions ar\n-00040c70: 6520 4e54 4653 2028 6578 6365 7074 2050 e NTFS (except P\n-00040c80: 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d 6573 7061 6365 292c OSIX.namespace),\n-00040c90: 2048 4653 2b20 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 HFS+ (configura\n-00040ca0: 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 ble at mkfs time\n-00040cb0: 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 , default insens\n-00040cc0: 6974 6976 6529 2c20 5346 530a 2863 6f6e itive), SFS.(con\n-00040cd0: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 figurable at mkf\n-00040ce0: 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 s time, default \n-00040cf0: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4a46 insensitive), JF\n-00040d00: 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S (configurable \n-00040d10: 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 at.mkfs time, de\n-00040d20: 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 fault sensitive)\n-00040d30: 2c20 4846 532c 2041 4646 532c 2046 4154 , HFS, AFFS, FAT\n-00040d40: 2c20 6578 4641 5420 616e 6420 5a46 530a , exFAT and ZFS.\n-00040d50: 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6f6e (configurable on\n-00040d60: 2070 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 per-subvolume b\n-00040d70: 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 7479 asis by property\n-00040d80: 2022 6361 7365 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6974 \"casesensitivit\n-00040d90: 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 y\",.default sens\n-00040da0: 6974 6976 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 itive). On ZFS \n-00040db0: 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 206d 6172 6b65 subvolumes marke\n-00040dc0: 6420 6173 2063 6173 6520 696e 7365 6e73 d as case insens\n-00040dd0: 6974 6976 6520 6669 6c65 730a 636f 6e74 itive files.cont\n-00040de0: 6169 6e69 6e67 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 aining lowercase\n-00040df0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 international c\n-00040e00: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6172 6520 696e haracters are in\n-00040e10: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2041 6c73 accessible. Als\n-00040e20: 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 6c6c 2073 7570 706f o.like all suppo\n-00040e30: 7274 6564 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 rted filesystems\n-00040e40: 2065 7863 6570 7420 4846 532b 2061 6e64 except HFS+ and\n-00040e50: 205a 4653 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 ZFS (configurab\n-00040e60: 6c65 206f 6e0a 7065 722d 7375 6276 6f6c le on.per-subvol\n-00040e70: 756d 6520 6261 7369 7320 6279 2070 726f ume basis by pro\n-00040e80: 7065 7274 7920 226e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7a61 perty \"normaliza\n-00040e90: 7469 6f6e 222c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e tion\", default n\n-00040ea0: 6f6e 6529 2047 5255 420a 6d61 6b65 7320 one) GRUB.makes \n-00040eb0: 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 6368 no attempt at ch\n-00040ec0: 6563 6b20 6f66 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c eck of canonical\n-00040ed0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2073 6f20 equivalence so \n-00040ee0: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 752d 6469 a file name.u-di\n-00040ef0: 6172 6573 6973 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 aresis is treate\n-00040f00: 6420 6173 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 d as distinct fr\n-00040f10: 6f6d 2075 2b63 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 2064 om u+combining d\n-00040f20: 6961 7265 7369 732e 2020 5468 6973 0a68 iaresis. This.h\n-00040f30: 6f77 6576 6572 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 owever means tha\n-00040f40: 7420 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6163 t in order to ac\n-00040f50: 6365 7373 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2048 4653 cess file on HFS\n-00040f60: 2b20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 7573 7420 + its name must \n-00040f70: 6265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 be.specified in \n-00040f80: 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 666f normalisation fo\n-00040f90: 726d 2044 2e20 4f6e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 rm D. On normali\n-00040fa0: 7a65 6420 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d zed ZFS subvolum\n-00040fb0: 6573 0a66 696c 656e 616d 6573 206f 7574 es.filenames out\n-00040fc0: 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 6973 6174 696f of normalisatio\n-00040fd0: 6e20 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 n are inaccessib\n-00040fe0: 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e 3320 4f75 7470 7574 le...18.3 Output\n-00040ff0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terminal.======\n-00041000: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00041010: 4669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7574 7075 7420 Firmware output \n-00041020: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 console \"console\n-00041030: 2220 6f6e 2041 5243 2061 6e64 2049 4545 \" on ARC and IEE\n-00041040: 4531 3237 3520 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 E1275 are limite\n-00041050: 6420 746f 0a41 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 d to.ASCII... \n-00041060: 4249 4f53 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 636f BIOS firmware co\n-00041070: 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 5647 4120 7465 nsole and VGA te\n-00041080: 7874 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 xt are limited t\n-00041090: 6f20 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 o ASCII and some\n-000410a0: 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e .pseudographics.\n-000410b0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 6520 6f66 2061 626f .. None of abo\n-000410c0: 7665 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 7320 ve mentioned is \n-000410d0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 appropriate for \n-000410e0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2069 6e74 6572 displaying inter\n-000410f0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 0a61 6e64 2061 6e79 national.and any\n-00041100: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2063 6861 unsupported cha\n-00041110: 7261 6374 6572 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 racter is replac\n-00041120: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7175 6573 7469 6f6e ed with question\n-00041130: 206d 6172 6b20 6578 6365 7074 0a70 7365 mark except.pse\n-00041140: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 7320 7768 6963 udographics whic\n-00041150: 6820 7765 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 h we attempt to \n-00041160: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 7769 7468 approximate with\n-00041170: 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a20 2020 4546 4920 ASCII... EFI \n-00041180: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 206f console on the o\n-00041190: 7468 6572 2068 616e 6420 6e6f 6d69 6e61 ther hand nomina\n-000411a0: 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2055 5446 lly supports UTF\n-000411b0: 2d31 3620 6275 7420 6163 7475 616c 0a6c -16 but actual.l\n-000411c0: 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 7665 7261 6765 anguage coverage\n-000411d0: 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6669 726d depends on firm\n-000411e0: 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 ware and may be \n-000411f0: 7665 7279 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 very limited... \n-00041200: 2020 5468 6520 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2075 The encoding u\n-00041210: 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 sed on serial ca\n-00041220: 6e20 6265 2063 686f 7365 6e20 7769 7468 n be chosen with\n-00041230: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 666f e280 9920 ...terminfo... \n-00041240: 6173 2065 6974 6865 720a 4153 4349 492c as either.ASCII,\n-00041250: 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 2276 6973 7561 UTF-8 or \"visua\n-00041260: 6c20 5554 462d 3822 2e20 204c 6173 7420 l UTF-8\". Last \n-00041270: 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 6761 696e 7374 2074 one is against t\n-00041280: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e he specification\n-00041290: 0a62 7574 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 .but results in \n-000412a0: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7265 6e64 6572 696e correct renderin\n-000412b0: 6720 6f66 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 g of right-to-le\n-000412c0: 6674 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2072 6561 6465 ft on some reade\n-000412d0: 7273 2077 6869 6368 0a64 6f6e 2774 2068 rs which.don't h\n-000412e0: 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 6269 6469 2069 6d70 ave own bidi imp\n-000412f0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 lementation... \n-00041300: 204f 6e20 656d 7520 4752 5542 2063 6865 On emu GRUB che\n-00041310: 636b 7320 6966 2063 6861 7273 6574 2069 cks if charset i\n-00041320: 7320 5554 462d 3820 616e 6420 7573 6573 s UTF-8 and uses\n-00041330: 2069 7420 6966 2073 6f20 616e 6420 7573 it if so and us\n-00041340: 6573 0a41 5343 4949 206f 7468 6572 7769 es.ASCII otherwi\n-00041350: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 se... When usi\n-00041360: 6e67 2067 6678 7465 726d 206f 7220 6766 ng gfxterm or gf\n-00041370: 786d 656e 7520 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c xmenu GRUB itsel\n-00041380: 6620 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 f is responsible\n-00041390: 2066 6f72 0a72 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 for.rendering t\n-000413a0: 6865 2074 6578 742e 2020 496e 2074 6869 he text. In thi\n-000413b0: 7320 6361 7365 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c s case GRUB is l\n-000413c0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 imited by loaded\n-000413d0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2049 660a 666f 6e74 fonts. If.font\n-000413e0: 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616c 6c20 7265 s contain all re\n-000413f0: 7175 6972 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 quired character\n-00041400: 7320 7468 656e 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 s then bidirecti\n-00041410: 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 742c 2063 7572 7369 onal text, cursi\n-00041420: 7665 0a76 6172 6961 6e74 7320 616e 6420 ve.variants and \n-00041430: 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6d61 726b 7320 combining marks \n-00041440: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2065 6e63 6c6f other than enclo\n-00041450: 7369 6e67 2c20 6861 6c66 2028 652e 672e sing, half (e.g.\n-00041460: 2020 6c65 6674 2068 616c 660a 7469 6c64 left half.tild\n-00041470: 6520 6f72 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206f e or combining o\n-00041480: 7665 726c 696e 6529 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 verline) and dou\n-00041490: 626c 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 204c 6967 6174 ble ones. Ligat\n-000414a0: 7572 6573 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 7070 ures aren't.supp\n-000414b0: 6f72 7465 6420 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2054 orted though. T\n-000414c0: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f76 6572 his should cover\n-000414d0: 2045 7572 6f70 6561 6e2c 204d 6964 646c European, Middl\n-000414e0: 6520 4561 7374 6572 6e20 2869 6620 796f e Eastern (if yo\n-000414f0: 750a 646f 6e27 7420 6d69 6e64 206c 6163 u.don't mind lac\n-00041500: 6b20 6f66 206c 616d 2d61 6c69 6620 6c69 k of lam-alif li\n-00041510: 6761 7475 7265 2069 6e20 4172 6162 6963 gature in Arabic\n-00041520: 2920 616e 6420 4561 7374 2041 7369 616e ) and East Asian\n-00041530: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2e0a 4e6f 7461 626c scripts..Notabl\n-00041540: 6520 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7363 e unsupported sc\n-00041550: 7269 7074 7320 6172 6520 4272 6168 6d69 ripts are Brahmi\n-00041560: 6320 6661 6d69 6c79 2061 6e64 2064 6572 c family and der\n-00041570: 6976 6564 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 730a ived as well as.\n-00041580: 4d6f 6e67 6f6c 6961 6e2c 2054 6966 696e Mongolian, Tifin\n-00041590: 6167 682c 204b 6f72 6561 6e20 4a61 6d6f agh, Korean Jamo\n-000415a0: 2028 7072 6563 6f6d 706f 7365 6420 6368 (precomposed ch\n-000415b0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2068 6176 6520 6e6f aracters have no\n-000415c0: 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2920 616e 6420 746f .problem) and to\n-000415d0: 6e61 6c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 2832 6535 nal writing (2e5\n-000415e0: 2d32 6539 292e 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 -2e9). GRUB als\n-000415f0: 6f20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6465 7072 6563 o ignores deprec\n-00041600: 6174 6564 2028 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 ated (as.specifi\n-00041610: 6564 2069 6e20 556e 6963 6f64 6529 2063 ed in Unicode) c\n-00041620: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 haracters (e.g. \n-00041630: 2074 6167 7329 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c tags). GRUB al\n-00041640: 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e 646c so doesn't handl\n-00041650: 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 6e6e e.so called \"ann\n-00041660: 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 otation characte\n-00041670: 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 rs\" If you can c\n-00041680: 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f omplete either o\n-00041690: 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 2c20 f two.lists or, \n-000416a0: 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 6520 better, propose \n-000416b0: 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 726f a patch to impro\n-000416c0: 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 706c ve rendering, pl\n-000416d0: 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 6576 ease contact.dev\n-000416e0: 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a 3138 eloper team...18\n-000416f0: 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 .4 Input termina\n-00041700: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n-00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 6520 =====..Firmware \n-00041720: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f 532c console on BIOS,\n-00041730: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 4152 IEEE1275 and AR\n-00041740: 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f 7720 C doesn't allow \n-00041750: 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e 6f6e you to enter.non\n-00041760: 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 -ASCII character\n-00041770: 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 s. EFI specific\n-00041780: 6174 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 ation allows for\n-00041790: 2073 7563 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 6f72 such but author\n-000417a0: 2069 730a 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 2061 is.unaware of a\n-000417b0: 6e79 2061 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c 656d ny actual implem\n-000417c0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7269 entations. Seri\n-000417d0: 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 al input is curr\n-000417e0: 656e 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f ently.limited fo\n-000417f0: 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 r latin1 (unlike\n-00041800: 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 ly to change). \n-00041810: 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 Own keyboard imp\n-00041820: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 lementations.(at\n-00041830: 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 _keyboard and us\n-00041840: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 b_keyboard) supp\n-00041850: 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 orts any key but\n-00041860: 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 work on.one-cha\n-00041870: 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e r-per-keystroke.\n-00041880: 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 So no dead key\n-00041890: 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e s or advanced in\n-000418a0: 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 put method. Als\n-000418b0: 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 o.there is no ke\n-000418c0: 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b ymap change hotk\n-000418d0: 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 ey. In practice\n-000418e0: 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 it makes diffic\n-000418f0: 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 ult to.enter any\n-00041900: 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d text using non-\n-00041910: 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 Latin alphabet. \n-00041920: 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 6375 Moreover all cu\n-00041930: 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f 6e73 rrent input.cons\n-00041940: 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 umers are limite\n-00041950: 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 382e d to ASCII...18.\n-00041960: 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 5 Gettext.======\n-00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n-00041980: 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 616e ports being tran\n-00041990: 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 slated. For thi\n-000419a0: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6861 s you need to ha\n-000419b0: 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e 6d6f ve language *.mo\n-000419c0: 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 6669 .files in $prefi\n-000419d0: 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 2067 x/locale, load g\n-000419e0: 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 616e ettext module an\n-000419f0: 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 6172 d set \"lang\" var\n-00041a00: 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 6567 iable...18.6 Reg\n-00041a10: 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a exp.===========.\n-00041a20: 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e .Regexps work on\n-00041a30: 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 6374 unicode charact\n-00041a40: 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 ers, however no \n-00041a50: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b attempt at check\n-00041a60: 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 ing.cannonical e\n-00041a70: 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 2062 quivalence has b\n-00041a80: 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 656f een made. Moreo\n-00041a90: 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 7320 ver the classes \n-00041aa0: 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d 206d like.[:alpha:] m\n-00041ab0: 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 4920 atch only ASCII \n-00041ac0: 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 4f74 subset...18.7 Ot\n-00041ad0: 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a her.==========..\n-00041ae0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 2061 Currently GRUB a\n-00041af0: 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 522d lways uses YEAR-\n-00041b00: 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 3a4d MONTH-DAY HOUR:M\n-00041b10: 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b 5745 INUTE:SECOND [WE\n-00041b20: 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 2064 EKDAY].24-hour d\n-00041b30: 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2062 atetime format b\n-00041b40: 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 6520 ut weekdays are \n-00041b50: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 5255 translated. GRU\n-00041b60: 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a 7468 B always uses.th\n-00041b70: 6520 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 e decimal number\n-00041b80: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b 302d format with [0-\n-00041b90: 395d 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 6e64 9] as digits and\n-00041ba0: 202e 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 6c0a . as descimal.\n-00041bb0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 6e6f separator and no\n-00041bc0: 2067 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 group separator\n-00041bd0: 2e20 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 . IEEE1275 alia\n-00041be0: 7365 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 640a ses are matched.\n-00041bf0: 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 case-insensitive\n-00041c00: 6c79 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4153 ly except non-AS\n-00041c10: 4349 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6174 CII which is mat\n-00041c20: 6368 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 ched as binary. \n-00041c30: 2053 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 696f Similar.behavio\n-00041c40: 7572 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 6869 ur is for matchi\n-00041c50: 6e67 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 ng OSBundleRequi\n-00041c60: 7265 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 4545 red. Since IEEE\n-00041c70: 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 6e64 1275 aliases and\n-00041c80: 0a4f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 7265 .OSBundleRequire\n-00041c90: 6420 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 d don't contain \n-00041ca0: 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6974 any non-ASCII it\n-00041cb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 6265 should never be\n-00041cc0: 2061 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 7072 a.problem in pr\n-00041cd0: 6163 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d 7365 actice. Case-se\n-00041ce0: 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 nsitive identifi\n-00041cf0: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 ers are matched \n-00041d00: 6173 2072 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 2c20 as raw.strings, \n-00041d10: 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 7175 no canonical equ\n-00041d20: 6976 616c 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b 2069 ivalence check i\n-00041d30: 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 4361 s performed. Ca\n-00041d40: 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a 6964 se-insenstive.id\n-00041d50: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 entifiers are ma\n-00041d60: 7463 6865 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 7574 tched as RAW but\n-00041d70: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 additionally [a\n-00041d80: 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e -z] is equivalen\n-00041d90: 7420 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 5542 t to.[A-Z]. GRUB\n-00041da0: 2d64 6566 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 6966 -defined identif\n-00041db0: 6965 7273 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 iers use only AS\n-00041dc0: 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f 756c CII and so shoul\n-00041dd0: 640a 7573 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 206f d.user-defined o\n-00041de0: 6e65 732e 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nes. Identifier\n-00041df0: 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e 6f6e s containing non\n-00041e00: 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 6b20 -ASCII may work \n-00041e10: 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f but aren't.suppo\n-00041e20: 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 rted. Only the \n-00041e30: 4153 4349 4920 7370 6163 6520 6368 6172 ASCII space char\n-00041e40: 6163 7465 7273 2028 7370 6163 6520 552b acters (space U+\n-00041e50: 3030 3230 2c20 7461 6220 552b 3030 3062 0020, tab U+000b\n-00041e60: 2c0a 4352 2055 2b30 3030 6420 616e 6420 ,.CR U+000d and \n-00041e70: 4c46 2055 2b30 3030 6129 2061 7265 2072 LF U+000a) are r\n-00041e80: 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 642e 2020 4f74 6865 ecognised. Othe\n-00041e90: 7220 756e 6963 6f64 6520 7370 6163 6520 r unicode space \n-00041ea0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a61 7265 6e27 characters.aren'\n-00041eb0: 7420 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6669 656c 6420 t a valid field \n-00041ec0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 e280 9874 separator. ...t\n-00041ed0: 6573 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 est... (*note te\n-00041ee0: 7374 3a3a 2920 7465 7374 7320 3c2c 203e st::) tests <, >\n-00041ef0: 2c20 3c3d 2c0a 3e3d 2c20 2d70 6774 2061 , <=,.>=, -pgt a\n-00041f00: 6e64 202d 706c 7420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 nd -plt compare \n-00041f10: 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 696e 2074 the strings in t\n-00041f20: 6865 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 he lexicographic\n-00041f30: 616c 206f 7264 6572 206f 660a 756e 6963 al order of.unic\n-00041f40: 6f64 6520 636f 6465 706f 696e 7473 2c20 ode codepoints, \n-00041f50: 7265 706c 6963 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 replicating the \n-00041f60: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6573 behaviour of tes\n-00041f70: 7420 6672 6f6d 2063 6f72 6575 7469 6c73 t from coreutils\n-00041f80: 2e0a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ..environment va\n-00041f90: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d6d riables and comm\n-00041fa0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 206c 6973 7465 6420 ands are listed \n-00041fb0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6f72 6465 in the same orde\n-00041fc0: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n-00041fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-00041fe0: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 curity, Next: P\n-00041ff0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-00042000: 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 ons, Prev: Inte\n-00042010: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-00042020: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3139 2053 , Up: Top..19 S\n-00042030: 6563 7572 6974 790a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ecurity.********\n-00042040: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00042050: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00042060: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n-00042070: 3a3a 2055 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2061 6363 :: Users and acc\n-00042080: 6573 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2a20 5573 ess control.* Us\n-00042090: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-000420a0: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atures:: \n-000420b0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Booting digital\n-000420c0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 0a2a ly signed code.*\n-000420d0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-000420e0: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 2020 2020 t and shim:: \n-000420f0: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 Booting digi\n-00042100: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2050 4520 tally signed PE \n-00042110: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 files.* Secure B\n-00042120: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n-00042130: 6765 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2045 6d62 6564 geting:: Embed\n-00042140: 6465 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ded information \n-00042150: 666f 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e for generation n\n-00042160: 756d 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f umber based revo\n-00042170: 6361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 204d 6561 7375 7265 cation.* Measure\n-00042180: 6420 426f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d Boot:: \n-00042190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d65 6173 Meas\n-000421a0: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f uring boot compo\n-000421b0: 6e65 6e74 730a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e nents.* Lockdown\n-000421c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000421d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 Lockd\n-000421e0: 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 own when booting\n-000421f0: 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 on a secure set\n-00042200: 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 up....File: grub\n-00042210: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 .info, Node: Au\n-00042220: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00042230: 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 authorisation, \n-00042240: 204e 6578 743a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 Next: Using dig\n-00042250: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c ital signatures,\n-00042260: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-00042270: 3139 2e31 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 19.1 Authenticat\n-00042280: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n-00042290: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2047 5255 420a 3d3d ation in GRUB.==\n+0003ef60: 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 ===..Unfortunate\n+0003ef70: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 ly, not all GRUB\n+0003ef80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f commands are do\n+0003ef90: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 cumented at this\n+0003efa0: 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 time due to.dev\n+0003efb0: 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 eloper resource \n+0003efc0: 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e constraints. On\n+0003efd0: 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 e way to contrib\n+0003efe0: 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ute back to the \n+0003eff0: 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 GRUB.project wou\n+0003f000: 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f ld be to help do\n+0003f010: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d cument these com\n+0003f020: 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 mands, and submi\n+0003f030: 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 t patches or.ide\n+0003f040: 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e as to the mailin\n+0003f050: 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c g list. The fol\n+0003f060: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 lowing is a (mos\n+0003f070: 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c t likely incompl\n+0003f080: 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 ete).list of und\n+0003f090: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f ocumented or poo\n+0003f0a0: 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 rly documented c\n+0003f0b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 ommands and not \n+0003f0c0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 all of them.are \n+0003f0d0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 allowed for all \n+0003f0e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e platforms. Runn\n+0003f0f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ing the command \n+0003f100: 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e help from within\n+0003f110: 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 the.GRUB shell \n+0003f120: 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 may provide more\n+0003f130: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n+0003f140: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 parameters and u\n+0003f150: 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 sage... ... ..\n+0003f160: 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f .all_functional_\n+0003f170: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c test... - Run al\n+0003f180: 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 l functional tes\n+0003f190: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 ts.. ... ...ba\n+0003f1a0: 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 cktrace... - Pri\n+0003f1b0: 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 nt backtrace.. \n+0003f1c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 ... ...boottime\n+0003f1d0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 ... - Show boot \n+0003f1e0: 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e time statistics.\n+0003f1f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 . ... ...cache\n+0003f200: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 info... - Get di\n+0003f210: 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 sk cache info.. \n+0003f220: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 ... ...cbmemc.\n+0003f230: 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 .. - Show CBMEM \n+0003f240: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e console content.\n+0003f250: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 . ... ...cmoss\n+0003f260: 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 et... - Set bit \n+0003f270: 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 at BYTE:BIT in C\n+0003f280: 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 MOS.. ... ...c\n+0003f290: 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 oreboot_boottime\n+0003f2a0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 ... - Show coreb\n+0003f2b0: 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 oot boot time st\n+0003f2c0: 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 atistics.. ...\n+0003f2d0: 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 ...dump... - Sh\n+0003f2e0: 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e ow memory conten\n+0003f2f0: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 ts.. ... ...ef\n+0003f300: 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 iemu_loadcore...\n+0003f310: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 - Load and init\n+0003f320: 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 ialize EFI emula\n+0003f330: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n+0003f340: 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 fiemu_prepare...\n+0003f350: 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 - Finalize load\n+0003f360: 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 ing of EFI emula\n+0003f370: 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 tor.. ... ...e\n+0003f380: 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 fiemu_unload... \n+0003f390: 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 - Unload EFI emu\n+0003f3a0: 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 lator.. ... ..\n+0003f3b0: 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 .exit... - Exit \n+0003f3c0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 from GRUB.. ..\n+0003f3d0: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 . ...extract_ent\n+0003f3e0: 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 ries_configfile.\n+0003f3f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 .. - Load anothe\n+0003f400: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 r config file bu\n+0003f410: 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 t take. only\n+0003f420: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 menu entries.. \n+0003f430: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n+0003f440: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 _entries_source.\n+0003f450: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 .. - Load anothe\n+0003f460: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 r config file wi\n+0003f470: 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 thout. chang\n+0003f480: 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 ing context but \n+0003f490: 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 take only menu e\n+0003f4a0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ntries.. ... .\n+0003f4b0: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 ..extract_legacy\n+0003f4c0: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 _entries_configf\n+0003f4d0: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c ile... - Parse l\n+0003f4e0: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n+0003f4f0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 new. context\n+0003f500: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n+0003f510: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n+0003f520: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 ...extract_lega\n+0003f530: 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 cy_entries_sourc\n+0003f540: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 e... - Parse leg\n+0003f550: 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 acy config in sa\n+0003f560: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 me. context \n+0003f570: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n+0003f580: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n+0003f590: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 ...extract_sysli\n+0003f5a0: 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 nux_entries_conf\n+0003f5b0: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 igfile... - Exec\n+0003f5c0: 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e ute syslinux con\n+0003f5d0: 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 fig in. new \n+0003f5e0: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f context taking o\n+0003f5f0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f610: 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 ct_syslinux_entr\n+0003f620: 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 ies_source... - \n+0003f630: 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 Execute syslinux\n+0003f640: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a config in same.\n+0003f650: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b context tak\n+0003f660: 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ing only menu en\n+0003f670: 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tries. ... ...\n+0003f680: 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 fakebios... - Cr\n+0003f690: 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 eate BIOS-like s\n+0003f6a0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 tructures for ba\n+0003f6b0: 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 ckward compatibi\n+0003f6c0: 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 lity. with e\n+0003f6d0: 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 xisting OS.. .\n+0003f6e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...file... - \n+0003f6f0: 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 Check if FILE is\n+0003f700: 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 of specified ty\n+0003f710: 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 pe.. ... ...fi\n+0003f720: 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 x_video... - Fix\n+0003f730: 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a video problem..\n+0003f740: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 ... ...fpswa.\n+0003f750: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 .. - Display FPS\n+0003f760: 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 WA version.. .\n+0003f770: 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c .. ...functional\n+0003f780: 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 _test... - Run a\n+0003f790: 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 ll loaded functi\n+0003f7a0: 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 onal tests.. .\n+0003f7b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 .. ...gdbstub_br\n+0003f7c0: 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 eak... - Break i\n+0003f7d0: 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 nto GDB. ... .\n+0003f7e0: 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 ..gdbstub... - S\n+0003f7f0: 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e tart GDB stub on\n+0003f800: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 given port. .\n+0003f810: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 .. ...gdbstub_st\n+0003f820: 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 op... - Stop GDB\n+0003f830: 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 stub. ... ...\n+0003f840: 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f hdparm... - Get/\n+0003f850: 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 set ATA disk par\n+0003f860: 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ameters.. ... \n+0003f870: e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f ...hexdump_rando\n+0003f880: 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 m... - Hexdump r\n+0003f890: 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 andom data.. .\n+0003f8a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inb... - R\n+0003f8b0: 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ead 8-bit value \n+0003f8c0: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f8d0: a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 . ...inl... - Re\n+0003f8e0: 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 32-bit value \n+0003f8f0: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f900: a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 . ...inw... - Re\n+0003f910: 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 16-bit value \n+0003f920: 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 from PORT.. ..\n+0003f930: a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 . ...jpegtest...\n+0003f940: 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 - Tests loading\n+0003f950: 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e of JPEG bitmap.\n+0003f960: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 . ... ...keyma\n+0003f970: 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 p... - Load a ke\n+0003f980: 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 yboard layout.. \n+0003f990: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n+0003f9a0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 check_password..\n+0003f9b0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n+0003f9c0: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f b-legacy 'passwo\n+0003f9d0: 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 rd' command. \n+0003f9e0: 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d in menu entry m\n+0003f9f0: 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 ode. ... ...le\n+0003fa00: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 gacy_configfile.\n+0003fa10: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n+0003fa20: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 y config in new \n+0003fa30: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n+0003fa40: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 ..legacy_passwor\n+0003fa50: 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 d... - Simulate \n+0003fa60: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 grub-legacy 'pas\n+0003fa70: 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 sword' command. \n+0003fa80: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f ... ...legacy_\n+0003fa90: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 source... - Pars\n+0003faa0: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 e legacy config \n+0003fab0: 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a in same context.\n+0003fac0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 ... ...loadbi\n+0003fad0: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f os... - Load BIO\n+0003fae0: 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 S dump.. ... .\n+0003faf0: 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 ..lsacpi... - Sh\n+0003fb00: 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 ow ACPI informat\n+0003fb10: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ion.. ... ...l\n+0003fb20: 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 sapm... - Show A\n+0003fb30: 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a PM information..\n+0003fb40: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 ... ...lscore\n+0003fb50: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 boot... - List c\n+0003fb60: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a oreboot tables..\n+0003fb70: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 ... ...lsdev.\n+0003fb80: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 .. - List device\n+0003fb90: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 s.. ... ...lse\n+0003fba0: 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 fi... - Display \n+0003fbb0: 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 EFI handles.. \n+0003fbc0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 ... ...lsefimmap\n+0003fbd0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 ... - Display EF\n+0003fbe0: 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 I memory map.. \n+0003fbf0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 ... ...lsefisys\n+0003fc00: 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 tab... - Display\n+0003fc10: 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c EFI system tabl\n+0003fc20: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n+0003fc30: 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d mmap... - List m\n+0003fc40: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 emory map provid\n+0003fc50: 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a ed by firmware..\n+0003fc60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 ... ...lspci.\n+0003fc70: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 .. - List PCI de\n+0003fc80: 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 vices.. ... ..\n+0003fc90: 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 .lssal... - Disp\n+0003fca0: 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 lay SAL system t\n+0003fcb0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 able.. ... ...\n+0003fcc0: 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 lsspd... - Print\n+0003fcd0: 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 Memory informat\n+0003fce0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d ion.. ... ...m\n+0003fcf0: 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 acppcbless... - \n+0003fd00: 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 Bless DIR of HFS\n+0003fd10: 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 or HFS+ partiti\n+0003fd20: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e on for PPC macs.\n+0003fd30: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 . ... ...macte\n+0003fd40: 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 lbless... - Bles\n+0003fd50: 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 s FILE of HFS or\n+0003fd60: 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 HFS+ partition \n+0003fd70: 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a for intel macs..\n+0003fd80: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 ... ...net_se\n+0003fd90: 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 t_vlan... - Set \n+0003fda0: 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 an interface's v\n+0003fdb0: 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 lan id.. ... .\n+0003fdc0: 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outb... - Writ\n+0003fdd0: 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f e 8-bit VALUE to\n+0003fde0: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fdf0: 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 .outl... - Write\n+0003fe00: 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 32-bit VALUE to\n+0003fe10: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fe20: 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 .outw... - Write\n+0003fe30: 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 16-bit VALUE to\n+0003fe40: 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 PORT.. ... ..\n+0003fe50: 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 .pcidump... - Sh\n+0003fe60: 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 ow raw dump of t\n+0003fe70: 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 he PCI configura\n+0003fe80: 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 tion space.. .\n+0003fe90: 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 .. ...pngtest...\n+0003fea0: 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 - Tests loading\n+0003feb0: 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a of PNG bitmap..\n+0003fec0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 ... ...read_b\n+0003fed0: 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d yte... - Read 8-\n+0003fee0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 bit value from A\n+0003fef0: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 DDR.. ... ...r\n+0003ff00: 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 ead_dword... - R\n+0003ff10: 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 32-bit value\n+0003ff20: 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 from ADDR.. .\n+0003ff30: 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 .. ...read_word.\n+0003ff40: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 .. - Read 16-bit\n+0003ff50: 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 value from ADDR\n+0003ff60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 .. ... ...setp\n+0003ff70: 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 ci... - Manipula\n+0003ff80: 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a te PCI devices..\n+0003ff90: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e ... ...suspen\n+0003ffa0: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f d... - Return to\n+0003ffb0: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 IEEE1275 prompt\n+0003ffc0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c .. ... ...sysl\n+0003ffd0: 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 inux_configfile.\n+0003ffe0: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+0003fff0: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n+00040000: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 new context. .\n+00040010: 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 .. ...syslinux_s\n+00040020: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 ource... - Execu\n+00040030: 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 te syslinux conf\n+00040040: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 ig in same conte\n+00040050: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 xt. ... ...tes\n+00040060: 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 t_blockarg... - \n+00040070: 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 Print and execut\n+00040080: 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e block argument\n+00040090: 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 ., 0. ... ...t\n+000400a0: 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 estload... - Loa\n+000400b0: 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 d the same file \n+000400c0: 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 in multiple ways\n+000400d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 .. ... ...test\n+000400e0: 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 speed... - Test \n+000400f0: 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e file read speed.\n+00040100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 . ... ...tgate\n+00040110: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f st... - Tests lo\n+00040120: 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 ading of TGA bit\n+00040130: 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 map.. ... ...t\n+00040140: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 ime... - Measure\n+00040150: 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f time used by CO\n+00040160: 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 MMAND. ... ...\n+00040170: 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 tr... - Translat\n+00040180: 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 e SET1 character\n+00040190: 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 s to SET2 in STR\n+000401a0: 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 ING.. ... ...u\n+000401b0: 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 sb... - Test USB\n+000401c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 support.. ...\n+000401d0: 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d ...vbeinfo... -\n+000401e0: 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 List available \n+000401f0: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 video modes. If\n+00040200: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 resolution is g\n+00040210: 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f iven. show o\n+00040220: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 nly modes matchi\n+00040230: 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ng it.. ... ..\n+00040240: 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 .vbetest... - Te\n+00040250: 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 st video subsyst\n+00040260: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 em.. ... ...vi\n+00040270: 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 deotest... - Tes\n+00040280: 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 t video subsyste\n+00040290: 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 m in mode WxH.. \n+000402a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 ... ...write_b\n+000402b0: 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 yte... - Write 8\n+000402c0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 -bit VALUE to AD\n+000402d0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 DR.. ... ...wr\n+000402e0: 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 ite_dword... - W\n+000402f0: 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 32-bit VALU\n+00040300: 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 E to ADDR.. ..\n+00040310: a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 . ...write_word.\n+00040320: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 .. - Write 16-bi\n+00040330: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e t VALUE to ADDR.\n+00040340: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 . ... ...xen_c\n+00040350: 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e at... - List Xen\n+00040360: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 storage.. ...\n+00040370: 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 ...xen_ls... - \n+00040380: 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 List Xen storage\n+00040390: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n+000403a0: 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 devprop_load... \n+000403b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 - Load 'device-p\n+000403c0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e roperties' dump.\n+000403d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 . ... ...xnu_u\n+000403e0: 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f uid... - Transfo\n+000403f0: 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 rm 64-bit UUID t\n+00040400: 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c o format suitabl\n+00040410: 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 e for XNU. If. \n+00040420: 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b -l is given k\n+00040430: 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 eep it lowercase\n+00040440: 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 as done by blki\n+00040450: 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 d.. ... ...zfs\n+00040460: 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 -bootfs... - Pri\n+00040470: 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a nt ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ\n+00040480: 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 or store it int\n+00040490: 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 o VARIABLE. ..\n+000404a0: a220 e280 987a 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 . ...zfsinfo... \n+000404b0: 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f - Print ZFS info\n+000404c0: 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 about DEVICE.. \n+000404d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 ... ...zfskey.\n+000404e0: 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 .. - Import ZFS \n+000404f0: 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f wrapping key sto\n+00040500: 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a red in FILE.....\n+00040510: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00040520: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 Node: Internat\n+00040530: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e ionalisation, N\n+00040540: 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 ext: Security, \n+00040550: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 Prev: Commands, \n+00040560: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 Up: Top..18 Int\n+00040570: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00040580: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n+00040590: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 *********..18.1 \n+000405a0: 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Charset.========\n+000405b0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ====..GRUB uses \n+000405c0: 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 UTF-8 internally\n+000405d0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 other than in r\n+000405e0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 endering where s\n+000405f0: 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ome.GRUB-specifi\n+00040600: 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 c appropriate re\n+00040610: 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 presentation is \n+00040620: 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 used. All text \n+00040630: 6669 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 files.(including\n+00040640: 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 config) are ass\n+00040650: 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 umed to be encod\n+00040660: 6564 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 ed in UTF-8...18\n+00040670: 2e32 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d .2 Filesystems.=\n+00040680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00040690: 0a4e 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c .NTFS, JFS, UDF,\n+000406a0: 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f HFS+, exFAT, lo\n+000406b0: 6e67 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 ng filenames in \n+000406c0: 4641 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 FAT, Joliet part\n+000406d0: 206f 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 of.ISO9660 are \n+000406e0: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 treated as UTF-1\n+000406f0: 3620 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6 as per specifi\n+00040700: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 cation. AFS and\n+00040710: 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 6420 6173 BFS are.read as\n+00040720: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 6e20 6163 UTF-8, again ac\n+00040730: 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 7065 6369 cording to speci\n+00040740: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 7472 4653 fication. BtrFS\n+00040750: 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 7461 722c 0a73 7175 , cpio, tar,.squ\n+00040760: 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c 206d 696e ash4, minix, min\n+00040770: 6978 322c 206d 696e 6978 332c 2052 4f4d ix2, minix3, ROM\n+00040780: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 5846 FS, ReiserFS, XF\n+00040790: 532c 2065 7874 322c 2065 7874 332c 2065 S, ext2, ext3, e\n+000407a0: 7874 342c 0a46 4154 2028 7368 6f72 7420 xt4,.FAT (short \n+000407b0: 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 526f names), F2FS, Ro\n+000407c0: 636b 5269 6467 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 ckRidge part of \n+000407d0: 4953 4f39 3636 302c 206e 696c 6673 322c ISO9660, nilfs2,\n+000407e0: 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 320a 616e 6420 UFS1, UFS2.and \n+000407f0: 5a46 5320 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 ZFS are assumed \n+00040800: 746f 2062 6520 5554 462d 382e 2020 5468 to be UTF-8. 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GRUB \n+00041640: 616c 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 616e also doesn't han\n+00041650: 646c 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 6420 2261 dle.so called \"a\n+00041660: 6e6e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 6172 6163 nnotation charac\n+00041670: 7465 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e ters\" If you can\n+00041680: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 7468 6572 complete either\n+00041690: 206f 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 7320 6f72 of two.lists or\n+000416a0: 2c20 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 6f70 6f73 , better, propos\n+000416b0: 6520 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f 2069 6d70 e a patch to imp\n+000416c0: 726f 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2c20 rove rendering, \n+000416d0: 706c 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 0a64 please contact.d\n+000416e0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 6d2e 0a0a eveloper team...\n+000416f0: 3138 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 18.4 Input termi\n+00041700: 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nal.============\n+00041710: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 6d77 6172 =======..Firmwar\n+00041720: 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2042 494f e console on BIO\n+00041730: 532c 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616e 6420 S, IEEE1275 and \n+00041740: 4152 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 616c 6c6f ARC doesn't allo\n+00041750: 7720 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 6572 0a6e w you to enter.n\n+00041760: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 on-ASCII charact\n+00041770: 6572 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 ers. EFI specif\n+00041780: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2066 ication allows f\n+00041790: 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6275 7420 6175 7468 or such but auth\n+000417a0: 6f72 2069 730a 756e 6177 6172 6520 6f66 or is.unaware of\n+000417b0: 2061 6e79 2061 6374 7561 6c20 696d 706c any actual impl\n+000417c0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 ementations. Se\n+000417d0: 7269 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 rial input is cu\n+000417e0: 7272 656e 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 rrently.limited \n+000417f0: 666f 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 for latin1 (unli\n+00041800: 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e kely to change).\n+00041810: 2020 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 Own keyboard i\n+00041820: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 mplementations.(\n+00041830: 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 at_keyboard and \n+00041840: 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 usb_keyboard) su\n+00041850: 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 pports any key b\n+00041860: 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 ut work on.one-c\n+00041870: 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b har-per-keystrok\n+00041880: 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b e. So no dead k\n+00041890: 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 eys or advanced \n+000418a0: 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 input method. A\n+000418b0: 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 lso.there is no \n+000418c0: 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f keymap change ho\n+000418d0: 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 tkey. In practi\n+000418e0: 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 ce it makes diff\n+000418f0: 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 icult to.enter a\n+00041900: 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f ny text using no\n+00041910: 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 n-Latin alphabet\n+00041920: 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 616c 6c20 . Moreover all \n+00041930: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 740a 636f current input.co\n+00041940: 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 nsumers are limi\n+00041950: 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 2e0a 0a31 ted to ASCII...1\n+00041960: 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a 3d3d 3d3d 8.5 Gettext.====\n+00041970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00041980: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e 6720 7472 upports being tr\n+00041990: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 anslated. For t\n+000419a0: 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 his you need to \n+000419b0: 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 2a2e have language *.\n+000419c0: 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2470 7265 mo.files in $pre\n+000419d0: 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 6c6f 6164 fix/locale, load\n+000419e0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 756c 6520 gettext module \n+000419f0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e 6722 2076 and set \"lang\" v\n+00041a00: 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 2e36 2052 ariable...18.6 R\n+00041a10: 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d egexp.==========\n+00041a20: 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 6f72 6b20 =..Regexps work \n+00041a30: 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6861 7261 on unicode chara\n+00041a40: 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e cters, however n\n+00041a50: 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 o attempt at che\n+00041a60: 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e 6963 616c cking.cannonical\n+00041a70: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2068 6173 equivalence has\n+00041a80: 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 204d 6f72 been made. Mor\n+00041a90: 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c 6173 7365 eover the classe\n+00041aa0: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 6861 3a5d s like.[:alpha:]\n+00041ab0: 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 match only ASCI\n+00041ac0: 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 382e 3720 I subset...18.7 \n+00041ad0: 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Other.==========\n+00041ae0: 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 4752 5542 ..Currently GRUB\n+00041af0: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 2059 4541 always uses YEA\n+00041b00: 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 484f 5552 R-MONTH-DAY HOUR\n+00041b10: 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f 4e44 205b :MINUTE:SECOND [\n+00041b20: 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d 686f 7572 WEEKDAY].24-hour\n+00041b30: 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f 726d 6174 datetime format\n+00041b40: 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 7320 6172 but weekdays ar\n+00041b50: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2047 e translated. G\n+00041b60: 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 730a RUB always uses.\n+00041b70: 7468 6520 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e75 6d62 the decimal numb\n+00041b80: 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7769 7468 205b er format with [\n+00041b90: 302d 395d 2061 7320 6469 6769 7473 2061 0-9] as digits a\n+00041ba0: 6e64 202e 2020 6173 2064 6573 6369 6d61 nd . as descima\n+00041bb0: 6c0a 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 616e 6420 l.separator and \n+00041bc0: 6e6f 2067 726f 7570 2073 6570 6172 6174 no group separat\n+00041bd0: 6f72 2e20 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c or. IEEE1275 al\n+00041be0: 6961 7365 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 iases are matche\n+00041bf0: 640a 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 d.case-insensiti\n+00041c00: 7665 6c79 2065 7863 6570 7420 6e6f 6e2d vely except non-\n+00041c10: 4153 4349 4920 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d ASCII which is m\n+00041c20: 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 6269 6e61 7279 atched as binary\n+00041c30: 2e20 2053 696d 696c 6172 0a62 6568 6176 . Similar.behav\n+00041c40: 696f 7572 2069 7320 666f 7220 6d61 7463 iour is for matc\n+00041c50: 6869 6e67 204f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 hing OSBundleReq\n+00041c60: 7569 7265 642e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4945 uired. Since IE\n+00041c70: 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 EE1275 aliases a\n+00041c80: 6e64 0a4f 5342 756e 646c 6552 6571 7569 nd.OSBundleRequi\n+00041c90: 7265 6420 646f 6e27 7420 636f 6e74 6169 red don't contai\n+00041ca0: 6e20 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 n any non-ASCII \n+00041cb0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e65 7665 7220 it should never \n+00041cc0: 6265 2061 0a70 726f 626c 656d 2069 6e20 be a.problem in \n+00041cd0: 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e20 2043 6173 652d practice. Case-\n+00041ce0: 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6964 656e 7469 sensitive identi\n+00041cf0: 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 fiers are matche\n+00041d00: 6420 6173 2072 6177 0a73 7472 696e 6773 d as raw.strings\n+00041d10: 2c20 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 616c 2065 , no canonical e\n+00041d20: 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2063 6865 636b quivalence check\n+00041d30: 2069 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 is performed. \n+00041d40: 4361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 6976 650a Case-insenstive.\n+00041d50: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 identifiers are \n+00041d60: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2052 4157 2062 matched as RAW b\n+00041d70: 7574 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 ut additionally \n+00041d80: 5b61 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c [a-z] is equival\n+00041d90: 656e 7420 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d 2e20 4752 ent to.[A-Z]. GR\n+00041da0: 5542 2d64 6566 696e 6564 2069 6465 6e74 UB-defined ident\n+00041db0: 6966 6965 7273 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 ifiers use only \n+00041dc0: 4153 4349 4920 616e 6420 736f 2073 686f ASCII and so sho\n+00041dd0: 756c 640a 7573 6572 2d64 6566 696e 6564 uld.user-defined\n+00041de0: 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4964 656e 7469 6669 ones. Identifi\n+00041df0: 6572 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206e ers containing n\n+00041e00: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 206d 6179 2077 6f72 on-ASCII may wor\n+00041e10: 6b20 6275 7420 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 k but aren't.sup\n+00041e20: 706f 7274 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7468 ported. 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For.most sy\n-000423a0: 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2072 stems, this is r\n-000423b0: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 6520 easonable since \n-000423c0: 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 7265 anyone with dire\n-000423d0: 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 6365 ct physical.acce\n-000423e0: 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 ss has a variety\n-000423f0: 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 2074 of other ways t\n-00042400: 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 6365 o gain full acce\n-00042410: 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 696e ss, and requirin\n-00042420: 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e g.authentication\n-00042430: 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 at the boot loa\n-00042440: 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c 6420 der level would \n-00042450: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 only serve to ma\n-00042460: 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 ke it.difficult \n-00042470: 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f 6b65 to recover broke\n-00042480: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 n systems... H\n-00042490: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 owever, in some \n-000424a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 7375 environments, su\n-000424b0: 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 6974 ch as kiosks, it\n-000424c0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 may be appropri\n-000424d0: 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f 776e ate.to lock down\n-000424e0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-000424f0: 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 7468 to require auth\n-00042500: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 6f72 entication befor\n-00042510: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 6572 e performing.cer\n-00042520: 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732e tain operations.\n-00042530: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 7373 .. The ...pass\n-00042540: 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 word... (*note p\n-00042550: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 20e2 assword::) and .\n-00042560: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 ..password_pbkdf\n-00042570: 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 7373 2... (*note.pass\n-00042580: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2063 word_pbkdf2::) c\n-00042590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 ommands can be u\n-000425a0: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e 6520 7573 sed to define us\n-000425b0: 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ers, each of whi\n-000425c0: 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 736f 6369 ch.has an associ\n-000425d0: 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 ated password. \n-000425e0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2073 ...password... s\n-000425f0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ets the password\n-00042600: 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2c0a in plain text,.\n-00042610: 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 requiring ...gru\n-00042620: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6265 2073 b.cfg... to be s\n-00042630: 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f ecure; ...passwo\n-00042640: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2073 6574 rd_pbkdf2... set\n-00042650: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a68 s the password.h\n-00042660: 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ashed using the \n-00042670: 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 6564 204b Password-Based K\n-00042680: 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 4675 ey Derivation Fu\n-00042690: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 3238 3938 nction (RFC 2898\n-000426a0: 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2074 6865 ),.requiring the\n-000426b0: 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d use of ...grub-\n-000426c0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-000426d0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-000426e0: 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng.grub-mkpasswd\n-000426f0: 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 6765 -pbkdf2::) to ge\n-00042700: 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 nerate password \n-00042710: 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 206f hashes... In o\n-00042720: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2061 rder to enable a\n-00042730: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 uthentication su\n-00042740: 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7375 pport, the ...su\n-00042750: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a 656e 7669 perusers....envi\n-00042760: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00042770: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 must be set to \n-00042780: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 6e61 a list of userna\n-00042790: 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 mes, separated b\n-000427a0: 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 6365 732c y.any of spaces,\n-000427b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d 6963 6f6c commas, semicol\n-000427c0: 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 2061 ons, pipes, or a\n-000427d0: 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 5375 7065 mpersands. Supe\n-000427e0: 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 6572 6d69 rusers are.permi\n-000427f0: 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 tted to use the \n-00042800: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e GRUB command lin\n-00042810: 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 e, edit menu ent\n-00042820: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 ries, and execut\n-00042830: 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e.any menu entry\n-00042840: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 . If ...superus\n-00042850: 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 ers... is set, t\n-00042860: 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 hen use of the c\n-00042870: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e 6420 ommand line.and \n-00042880: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 editing of menu \n-00042890: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f entries are auto\n-000428a0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 7269 matically restri\n-000428b0: 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 7365 cted to superuse\n-000428c0: 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 9873 rs..Setting ...s\n-000428d0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 6f20 uperusers... to \n-000428e0: 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 6666 empty string eff\n-000428f0: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ectively disable\n-00042900: 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f s both access to\n-00042910: 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 .CLI and editing\n-00042920: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 of menu entries\n-00042930: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 6e76 . Note: The env\n-00042940: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00042950: 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 6578 e needs.to be ex\n-00042960: 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f 2061 ported to also a\n-00042970: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f ffect the sectio\n-00042980: 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6865 n defined by the\n-00042990: 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 0a63 ...submenu....c\n-000429a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 ommand (*note su\n-000429b0: 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f74 bmenu::)... Ot\n-000429c0: 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 6265 her users may be\n-000429d0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 6563 allowed to exec\n-000429e0: 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e ute specific men\n-000429f0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 6976 u entries by giv\n-00042a00: 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 ing.a list of us\n-00042a10: 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 6f76 ernames (as abov\n-00042a20: 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 e) using the ...\n-00042a30: 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f --users... optio\n-00042a40: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 6e75 n to the....menu\n-00042a50: 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 entry... command\n-00042a60: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 (*note menuentr\n-00042a70: 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 y::). If the ..\n-00042a80: 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 .--unrestricted.\n-00042a90: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 7365 .. option.is use\n-00042aa0: 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 d for a menu ent\n-00042ab0: 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e ry, then that en\n-00042ac0: 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 6963 try is unrestric\n-00042ad0: 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 ted. If the....\n-00042ae0: 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f --users... optio\n-00042af0: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 666f n is not used fo\n-00042b00: 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 r a menu entry, \n-00042b10: 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 then that only s\n-00042b20: 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 6162 uperusers.are ab\n-00042b30: 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 le to use it... \n-00042b40: 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 Putting this t\n-00042b50: 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 6963 ogether, a typic\n-00042b60: 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 al ...grub.cfg..\n-00042b70: 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 6874 . fragment might\n-00042b80: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a look like.this:\n-00042b90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 6572 .. set super\n-00042ba0: 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 2020 users=\"root\". \n-00042bb0: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 password_pbkdf\n-00042bc0: 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 6b64 2 root grub.pbkd\n-00042bd0: 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 302e f2.sha512.10000.\n-00042be0: 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 2020 biglongstring. \n-00042bf0: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 password user\n-00042c00: 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 2020 1 insecure.. \n-00042c10: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 7920 menuentry \"May \n-00042c20: 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 7573 be run by any us\n-00042c30: 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 er\" --unrestrict\n-00042c40: 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 ed {. .set r\n-00042c50: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 oot=(hd0,1). \n-00042c60: 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a .linux /vmlinuz\n-00042c70: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n-00042c80: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 7573 nuentry \"Superus\n-00042c90: 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 ers only\" --user\n-00042ca0: 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 s \"\" {. .set\n-00042cb0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-00042cc0: 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e .linux /vmlin\n-00042cd0: 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 207d uz single. }\n-00042ce0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00042cf0: 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 \"May be run by \n-00042d00: 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 6572 user1 or a super\n-00042d10: 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 7573 user\" --users us\n-00042d20: 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 er1 {. .set \n-00042d30: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,2). \n-00042d40: 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b .chainloader +\n-00042d50: 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 1. }.. The\n-00042d60: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-00042d70: 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 6f65 g... program doe\n-00042d80: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 2062 s not yet have b\n-00042d90: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 uilt-in support \n-00042da0: 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 2063 for.generating c\n-00042db0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00042dc0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e 7469 es with authenti\n-00042dd0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e cation. You can\n-00042de0: 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 use..../etc/gru\n-00042df0: 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 b.d/40_custom...\n-00042e00: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 to add simple s\n-00042e10: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 6e74 uperuser authent\n-00042e20: 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 6469 ication, by.addi\n-00042e30: 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 ng ...set superu\n-00042e40: 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 sers=... and ...\n-00042e50: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 password... or .\n-00042e60: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 ..password_pbkdf\n-00042e70: 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2... commands...\n-00042e80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00042e90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 o, Node: Using \n-00042ea0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042eb0: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 4920 es, Next: UEFI \n-00042ec0: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-00042ed0: 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 7574 shim, Prev: Aut\n-00042ee0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n-00042ef0: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 authorisation, \n-00042f00: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-00042f10: 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c .2 Using digital\n-00042f20: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e 2047 signatures in G\n-00042f30: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n+000422c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 =============..B\n+000422d0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2074 6865 2062 y default, the b\n+000422e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e74 6572 oot loader inter\n+000422f0: 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 face is accessib\n+00042300: 6c65 2074 6f20 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 le to anyone wit\n+00042310: 680a 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 6363 6573 h.physical acces\n+00042320: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 s to the console\n+00042330: 3a20 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2073 656c : anyone can sel\n+00042340: 6563 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 2061 6e79 ect and edit any\n+00042350: 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 792c 2061 6e64 menu.entry, and\n+00042360: 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6765 7420 anyone can get \n+00042370: 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f direct access to\n+00042380: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 7072 a GRUB shell pr\n+00042390: 6f6d 7074 2e20 2046 6f72 0a6d 6f73 7420 ompt. For.most \n+000423a0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 6973 systems, this is\n+000423b0: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6e63 reasonable sinc\n+000423c0: 6520 616e 796f 6e65 2077 6974 6820 6469 e anyone with di\n+000423d0: 7265 6374 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 6163 rect physical.ac\n+000423e0: 6365 7373 2068 6173 2061 2076 6172 6965 cess has a varie\n+000423f0: 7479 206f 6620 6f74 6865 7220 7761 7973 ty of other ways\n+00042400: 2074 6f20 6761 696e 2066 756c 6c20 6163 to gain full ac\n+00042410: 6365 7373 2c20 616e 6420 7265 7175 6972 cess, and requir\n+00042420: 696e 670a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ing.authenticati\n+00042430: 6f6e 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c on at the boot l\n+00042440: 6f61 6465 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 776f 756c oader level woul\n+00042450: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6572 7665 2074 6f20 d only serve to \n+00042460: 6d61 6b65 2069 740a 6469 6666 6963 756c make it.difficul\n+00042470: 7420 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2062 726f t to recover bro\n+00042480: 6b65 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ken systems... \n+00042490: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 696e 2073 6f6d However, in som\n+000424a0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 e environments, \n+000424b0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 6b69 6f73 6b73 2c20 such as kiosks, \n+000424c0: 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 it may be approp\n+000424d0: 7269 6174 650a 746f 206c 6f63 6b20 646f riate.to lock do\n+000424e0: 776e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 wn the boot load\n+000424f0: 6572 2074 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6175 er to require au\n+00042500: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2062 6566 thentication bef\n+00042510: 6f72 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a63 ore performing.c\n+00042520: 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ertain operation\n+00042530: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7061 s... The ...pa\n+00042540: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ssword... (*note\n+00042550: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a29 2061 6e64 password::) and\n+00042560: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ...password_pbk\n+00042570: 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7061 df2... (*note.pa\n+00042580: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 ssword_pbkdf2::)\n+00042590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6265 commands can be\n+000425a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2064 6566 696e 6520 used to define \n+000425b0: 7573 6572 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 users, each of w\n+000425c0: 6869 6368 0a68 6173 2061 6e20 6173 736f hich.has an asso\n+000425d0: 6369 6174 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e ciated password.\n+000425e0: 2020 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 ...password...\n+000425f0: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f sets the passwo\n+00042600: 7264 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 rd in plain text\n+00042610: 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 e280 9867 ,.requiring ...g\n+00042620: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6265 rub.cfg... to be\n+00042630: 2073 6563 7572 653b 20e2 8098 7061 7373 secure; ...pass\n+00042640: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2073 word_pbkdf2... s\n+00042650: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ets the password\n+00042660: 0a68 6173 6865 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 .hashed using th\n+00042670: 6520 5061 7373 776f 7264 2d42 6173 6564 e Password-Based\n+00042680: 204b 6579 2044 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 Key Derivation \n+00042690: 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2028 5246 4320 3238 Function (RFC 28\n+000426a0: 3938 292c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2074 98),.requiring t\n+000426b0: 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 he use of ...gru\n+000426c0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000426d0: 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 2... (*note Invo\n+000426e0: 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king.grub-mkpass\n+000426f0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f20 wd-pbkdf2::) to \n+00042700: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 generate passwor\n+00042710: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e d hashes... In\n+00042720: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 order to enable\n+00042730: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n+00042740: 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 support, the ...\n+00042750: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 990a 656e superusers....en\n+00042760: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00042770: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 le must be set t\n+00042780: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7573 6572 o a list of user\n+00042790: 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 names, separated\n+000427a0: 2062 790a 616e 7920 6f66 2073 7061 6365 by.any of space\n+000427b0: 732c 2063 6f6d 6d61 732c 2073 656d 6963 s, commas, semic\n+000427c0: 6f6c 6f6e 732c 2070 6970 6573 2c20 6f72 olons, pipes, or\n+000427d0: 2061 6d70 6572 7361 6e64 732e 2020 5375 ampersands. Su\n+000427e0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2061 7265 0a70 6572 perusers are.per\n+000427f0: 6d69 7474 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 mitted to use th\n+00042800: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c e GRUB command l\n+00042810: 696e 652c 2065 6469 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 ine, edit menu e\n+00042820: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6578 6563 ntries, and exec\n+00042830: 7574 650a 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ute.any menu ent\n+00042840: 7279 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 ry. If ...super\n+00042850: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c users... is set,\n+00042860: 2074 6865 6e20 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 then use of the\n+00042870: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 650a 616e command line.an\n+00042880: 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e d editing of men\n+00042890: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6172 6520 6175 u entries are au\n+000428a0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7265 7374 tomatically rest\n+000428b0: 7269 6374 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7065 7275 ricted to superu\n+000428c0: 7365 7273 2e0a 5365 7474 696e 6720 e280 sers..Setting ..\n+000428d0: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2074 .superusers... t\n+000428e0: 6f20 656d 7074 7920 7374 7269 6e67 2065 o empty string e\n+000428f0: 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6162 ffectively disab\n+00042900: 6c65 7320 626f 7468 2061 6363 6573 7320 les both access \n+00042910: 746f 0a43 4c49 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 to.CLI and editi\n+00042920: 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ng of menu entri\n+00042930: 6573 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2065 es. Note: The e\n+00042940: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00042950: 626c 6520 6e65 6564 730a 746f 2062 6520 ble needs.to be \n+00042960: 6578 706f 7274 6564 2074 6f20 616c 736f exported to also\n+00042970: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 6374 affect the sect\n+00042980: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 2074 ion defined by t\n+00042990: 6865 20e2 8098 7375 626d 656e 75e2 8099 he ...submenu...\n+000429a0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .command (*note \n+000429b0: 7375 626d 656e 753a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 submenu::)... \n+000429c0: 4f74 6865 7220 7573 6572 7320 6d61 7920 Other users may \n+000429d0: 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6578 be allowed to ex\n+000429e0: 6563 7574 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 206d ecute specific m\n+000429f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6279 2067 enu entries by g\n+00042a00: 6976 696e 670a 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 iving.a list of \n+00042a10: 7573 6572 6e61 6d65 7320 2861 7320 6162 usernames (as ab\n+00042a20: 6f76 6529 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 ove) using the .\n+00042a30: 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--users... opt\n+00042a40: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6d65 ion to the....me\n+00042a50: 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nuentry... comma\n+00042a60: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d65 6e75 656e nd (*note menuen\n+00042a70: 7472 793a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 try::). If the \n+00042a80: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n+00042a90: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 6973 2075 d... option.is u\n+00042aa0: 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 sed for a menu e\n+00042ab0: 6e74 7279 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 ntry, then that \n+00042ac0: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2075 6e72 6573 7472 entry is unrestr\n+00042ad0: 6963 7465 642e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0ae2 icted. If the..\n+00042ae0: 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..--users... opt\n+00042af0: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 ion is not used \n+00042b00: 666f 7220 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 for a menu entry\n+00042b10: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 , then that only\n+00042b20: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 6172 6520 superusers.are \n+00042b30: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2e0a able to use it..\n+00042b40: 0a20 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 . Putting this\n+00042b50: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2061 2074 7970 together, a typ\n+00042b60: 6963 616c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ical ...grub.cfg\n+00042b70: e280 9920 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 206d 6967 ... fragment mig\n+00042b80: 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 ht look like.thi\n+00042b90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2073 7570 s:.. set sup\n+00042ba0: 6572 7573 6572 733d 2272 6f6f 7422 0a20 erusers=\"root\". \n+00042bb0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b password_pbk\n+00042bc0: 6466 3220 726f 6f74 2067 7275 622e 7062 df2 root grub.pb\n+00042bd0: 6b64 6632 2e73 6861 3531 322e 3130 3030 kdf2.sha512.1000\n+00042be0: 302e 6269 676c 6f6e 6773 7472 696e 670a 0.biglongstring.\n+00042bf0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 7573 password us\n+00042c00: 6572 3120 696e 7365 6375 7265 0a0a 2020 er1 insecure.. \n+00042c10: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4d61 menuentry \"Ma\n+00042c20: 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 7920 616e 7920 y be run by any \n+00042c30: 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 user\" --unrestri\n+00042c40: 6374 6564 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 cted {. .set\n+00042c50: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n+00042c60: 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e .linux /vmlin\n+00042c70: 757a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 uz. }.. \n+00042c80: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2253 7570 6572 menuentry \"Super\n+00042c90: 7573 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2220 2d2d 7573 users only\" --us\n+00042ca0: 6572 7320 2222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 ers \"\" {. .s\n+00042cb0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a et root=(hd0,1).\n+00042cc0: 2020 2020 2009 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c .linux /vml\n+00042cd0: 696e 757a 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 inuz single. \n+00042ce0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00042cf0: 7279 2022 4d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2062 ry \"May be run b\n+00042d00: 7920 7573 6572 3120 6f72 2061 2073 7570 y user1 or a sup\n+00042d10: 6572 7573 6572 2220 2d2d 7573 6572 7320 eruser\" --users \n+00042d20: 7573 6572 3120 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 user1 {. .se\n+00042d30: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3229 0a20 t root=(hd0,2). \n+00042d40: 2020 2020 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 .chainloader\n+00042d50: 202b 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2054 +1. }.. T\n+00042d60: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e he ...grub-mkcon\n+00042d70: 6669 67e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2064 fig... program d\n+00042d80: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6861 7665 oes not yet have\n+00042d90: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 built-in suppor\n+00042da0: 7420 666f 720a 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 t for.generating\n+00042db0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00042dc0: 696c 6573 2077 6974 6820 6175 7468 656e iles with authen\n+00042dd0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 tication. You c\n+00042de0: 616e 2075 7365 0ae2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 an use..../etc/g\n+00042df0: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 rub.d/40_custom.\n+00042e00: 8099 2074 6f20 6164 6420 7369 6d70 6c65 .. to add simple\n+00042e10: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 2061 7574 6865 superuser authe\n+00042e20: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2c 2062 790a 6164 ntication, by.ad\n+00042e30: 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 7365 7420 7375 7065 ding ...set supe\n+00042e40: 7275 7365 7273 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 rusers=... and .\n+00042e50: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 6f72 ..password... or\n+00042e60: 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b ...password_pbk\n+00042e70: 6466 32e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e df2... commands.\n+00042e80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00042e90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e nfo, Node: Usin\n+00042ea0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00042eb0: 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 4546 ures, Next: UEF\n+00042ec0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+00042ed0: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2041 d shim, Prev: A\n+00042ee0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n+00042ef0: 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c d authorisation,\n+00042f00: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n+00042f10: 3139 2e32 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 19.2 Using digit\n+00042f20: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 696e al signatures in\n+00042f30: 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.==========\n 00042f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 =========..GRUB'\n-00042f60: 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 s ...core.img...\n-00042f70: 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 can optionally \n-00042f80: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d provide enforcem\n-00042f90: 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 696c ent that all fil\n-00042fa0: 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c 7920 es.subsequently \n-00042fb0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b 2061 read from disk a\n-00042fc0: 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 6120 re covered by a \n-00042fd0: 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 valid digital si\n-00042fe0: 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 646f gnature..This do\n-00042ff0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e 6f74 cument does *not\n-00043000: 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f 2065 * cover how to e\n-00043010: 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 nsure that your \n-00043020: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 6d77 platform's.firmw\n-00043030: 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 are (e.g., Coreb\n-00043040: 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 20e2 oot) validates .\n-00043050: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a ..core.img......\n-00043060: 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e If environmen\n-00043070: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-00043080: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-00043090: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 . (*note check_s\n-000430a0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 7320 ignatures::).is \n-000430b0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-000430c0: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 7279 e..., then every\n-000430d0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 6520 attempt by the \n-000430e0: 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB ...core.img\n-000430f0: e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e 6f74 ... to load.anot\n-00043100: 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 her file ...foo.\n-00043110: 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 696e .. implicitly in\n-00043120: 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f vokes ...verify_\n-00043130: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 6f6f detached foo foo\n-00043140: 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 .sig....(*note v\n-00043150: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n-00043160: 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 ). ...foo.sig..\n-00043170: 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 . must contain a\n-00043180: 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a73 valid digital.s\n-00043190: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 7468 ignature over th\n-000431a0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 e contents of ..\n-000431b0: 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2063 .foo..., which c\n-000431c0: 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 2077 an be verified w\n-000431d0: 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 ith a.public key\n-000431e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 7374 currently trust\n-000431f0: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 ed by GRUB (*not\n-00043200: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n-00043210: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note.trust::,\n-00043220: 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 and *note distr\n-00043230: 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 6c69 ust::). If vali\n-00043240: 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 7468 dation fails, th\n-00043250: 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 en file ...foo..\n-00043260: 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 656e ..cannot be open\n-00043270: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c 7572 ed. This failur\n-00043280: 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 6f74 e may halt or ot\n-00043290: 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 2074 herwise impact t\n-000432a0: 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 732e he boot.process.\n-000432b0: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 .. An initial \n-000432c0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b trusted public k\n-000432d0: 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 ey can be embedd\n-000432e0: 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 4752 ed within the GR\n-000432f0: 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 UB....core.img..\n-00043300: 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d . using the ...-\n-00043310: 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f -pubkey... optio\n-00043320: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 n to ...grub-ins\n-00043330: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 tall... (*note I\n-00043340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking.grub-ins\n-00043350: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 tall::)... GRU\n-00043360: 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 B uses GPG-style\n-00043370: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n-00043380: 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7468 ures (meaning th\n-00043390: 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 6f6f at a file....foo\n-000433a0: 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 .sig... will be \n-000433b0: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6669 produced when fi\n-000433c0: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 7320 le ...foo... is \n-000433d0: 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 7572 signed), and cur\n-000433e0: 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 rently.supports \n-000433f0: 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 4120 the DSA and RSA \n-00043400: 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 7468 signing algorith\n-00043410: 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b ms. A signing k\n-00043420: 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 7261 ey can be.genera\n-00043430: 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a ted as follows:.\n-00043440: 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 6e2d . gpg --gen-\n-00043450: 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 6976 key.. An indiv\n-00043460: 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 idual file can b\n-00043470: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c e signed as foll\n-00043480: 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d ows:.. gpg -\n-00043490: 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f 7061 -detach-sign /pa\n-000434a0: 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 2046 th/to/file.. F\n-000434b0: 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 7661 or successful va\n-000434c0: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c 6c20 lidation of all \n-000434d0: 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 6f6d of GRUB's subcom\n-000434e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 650a ponents and the.\n-000434f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c loaded OS kernel\n-00043500: 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c 6c20 , they must all \n-00043510: 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e 6520 be signed. One \n-00043520: 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 way to accomplis\n-00043530: 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 666f h this.is the fo\n-00043540: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 2068 llowing (after h\n-00043550: 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 7072 aving already pr\n-00043560: 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 oduced the desir\n-00043570: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ed ...grub.cfg..\n-00043580: 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 6279 ..file, e.g., by\n-00043590: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 running ...grub\n-000435a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-000435b0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n-000435c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a 0a0a b-mkconfig::):..\n-000435d0: 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 6576 # Edit /dev\n-000435e0: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n-000435f0: 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2079 txt to contain y\n-00043600: 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7927 our signing key'\n-00043610: 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 2020 s passphrase. \n-00043620: 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 6e64 for i in `find\n-00043630: 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e /boot -name \"*.\n-00043640: 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 cfg\" -or -name \"\n-00043650: 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 2020 *.lst\" -or \\. \n-00043660: 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d 6f64 -name \"*.mod\n-00043670: 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 6d6c \" -or -name \"vml\n-00043680: 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 inuz*\" -or -name\n-00043690: 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 205c \"initrd*\" -or \\\n-000436a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 2267 . -name \"g\n-000436b0: 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 2064 rubenv\"`;. d\n-000436c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d62 o. gpg --b\n-000436d0: 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 atch --detach-si\n-000436e0: 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652d gn --passphrase-\n-000436f0: 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 2020 fd 0 $i < \\. \n-00043700: 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 /dev/shm/pa\n-00043710: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 ssphrase.txt. \n-00043720: 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 7265 done. shre\n-00043730: 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 d /dev/shm/passp\n-00043740: 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5365 hrase.txt.. Se\n-00043750: 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 e also: *note ch\n-00043760: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n-00043770: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 , *note verify_d\n-00043780: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 etached::, *note\n-00043790: 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 .trust::, *note \n-000437a0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 list_trusted::, \n-000437b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-000437c0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 , *note load_env\n-000437d0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 5f65 ::, *note.save_e\n-000437e0: 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 nv::... Note t\n-000437f0: 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2073 hat internally s\n-00043800: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 ignature enforce\n-00043810: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c ment is controll\n-00043820: 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 ed by setting.th\n-00043830: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n-00043840: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-00043850: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6571 signatures... eq\n-00043860: 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 ual to ...enforc\n-00043870: 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 0a6f e.... Passing.o\n-00043880: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 2d2d ne or more ...--\n-00043890: 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e pubkey... option\n-000438a0: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 s to ...grub-mki\n-000438b0: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 mage... implicit\n-000438c0: 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 6368 ly defines....ch\n-000438d0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-000438e0: 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e . equal to ...en\n-000438f0: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 9863 force... in ...c\n-00043900: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 6f72 ore.img... prior\n-00043910: 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 0a61 to processing.a\n-00043920: 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ny configuration\n-00043930: 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 files... Note\n-00043940: 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 that signature \n-00043950: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e checking does *n\n-00043960: 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e 2061 ot* prevent an a\n-00043970: 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 7365 ttacker with.(se\n-00043980: 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2c20 rial, physical, \n-00043990: 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6163 ...) console ac\n-000439a0: 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 7069 cess from droppi\n-000439b0: 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f 2074 ng manually to t\n-000439c0: 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 he.GRUB console \n-000439d0: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a 0a0a and executing:..\n-000439e0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b 5f73 set check_s\n-000439f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a 2020 ignatures=no.. \n-00043a00: 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 6973 To prevent this\n-00043a10: 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f 7465 , password-prote\n-00043a20: 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 7574 ction (*note Aut\n-00043a30: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a hentication and.\n-00043a40: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 authorisation::)\n-00043a50: 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 is essential. \n-00043a60: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e 2077 Note that even w\n-00043a70: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ith GRUB passwor\n-00043a80: 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 4752 d.protection, GR\n-00043a90: 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e 6f74 UB itself cannot\n-00043aa0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f 6e65 prevent someone\n-00043ab0: 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c 2061 with physical a\n-00043ac0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d 6163 ccess to.the mac\n-00043ad0: 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 7269 hine from alteri\n-00043ae0: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e 6527 ng that machine'\n-00043af0: 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e s firmware (e.g.\n-00043b00: 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a 4249 , Coreboot or.BI\n-00043b10: 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f OS) configuratio\n-00043b20: 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 206d n to cause the m\n-00043b30: 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 achine to boot f\n-00043b40: 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 740a rom a different.\n-00043b50: 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 726f (attacker-contro\n-00043b60: 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2047 lled) device. G\n-00043b70: 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 206f RUB is at best o\n-00043b80: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 6e20 nly one link in \n-00043b90: 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6368 a secure.boot ch\n-00043ba0: 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ain.....File: gr\n-00043bb0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00043bc0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00043bd0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 and shim, Next\n-00043be0: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n-00043bf0: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-00043c00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 , Prev: Using d\n-00043c10: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00043c20: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 s, Up: Security\n-00043c30: 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 ..19.3 UEFI secu\n-00043c40: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n-00043c50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d support.=======\n+00042f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+00042f60: 4227 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 B's ...core.img.\n+00042f70: 8099 2063 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c .. can optionall\n+00042f80: 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 656e 666f 7263 y provide enforc\n+00042f90: 656d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 2066 ement that all f\n+00042fa0: 696c 6573 0a73 7562 7365 7175 656e 746c iles.subsequentl\n+00042fb0: 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 6469 736b y read from disk\n+00042fc0: 2061 7265 2063 6f76 6572 6564 2062 7920 are covered by \n+00042fd0: 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 a valid digital \n+00042fe0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652e 0a54 6869 7320 signature..This \n+00042ff0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 2a6e document does *n\n+00043000: 6f74 2a20 636f 7665 7220 686f 7720 746f ot* cover how to\n+00043010: 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 ensure that you\n+00043020: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 0a66 6972 r platform's.fir\n+00043030: 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 mware (e.g., Cor\n+00043040: 6562 6f6f 7429 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 eboot) validates\n+00043050: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992e ...core.img....\n+00043060: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d .. If environm\n+00043070: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+00043080: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043090: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b ... (*note check\n+000430a0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 0a69 _signatures::).i\n+000430b0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n+000430c0: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2065 7665 rce..., then eve\n+000430d0: 7279 2061 7474 656d 7074 2062 7920 7468 ry attempt by th\n+000430e0: 6520 4752 5542 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 e GRUB ...core.i\n+000430f0: 6d67 e280 9920 746f 206c 6f61 640a 616e mg... to load.an\n+00043100: 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f other file ...fo\n+00043110: 6fe2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 o... implicitly \n+00043120: 696e 766f 6b65 7320 e280 9876 6572 6966 invokes ...verif\n+00043130: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2066 6f6f 2066 y_detached foo f\n+00043140: 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 oo.sig....(*note\n+00043150: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+00043160: 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9866 6f6f 2e73 6967 ::). ...foo.sig\n+00043170: e280 9920 6d75 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ... must contain\n+00043180: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c a valid digital\n+00043190: 0a73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7665 7220 .signature over \n+000431a0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+000431b0: e280 9866 6f6f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ...foo..., which\n+000431c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7665 7269 6669 6564 can be verified\n+000431d0: 2077 6974 6820 610a 7075 626c 6963 206b with a.public k\n+000431e0: 6579 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 7275 ey currently tru\n+000431f0: 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2028 2a6e sted by GRUB (*n\n+00043200: 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ote list_trusted\n+00043210: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a ::, *note.trust:\n+00043220: 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 :, and *note dis\n+00043230: 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7661 trust::). If va\n+00043240: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 lidation fails, \n+00043250: 7468 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f then file ...foo\n+00043260: e280 990a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6f70 ....cannot be op\n+00043270: 656e 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6661 696c ened. This fail\n+00043280: 7572 6520 6d61 7920 6861 6c74 206f 7220 ure may halt or \n+00043290: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 696d 7061 6374 otherwise impact\n+000432a0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 7072 6f63 6573 the boot.proces\n+000432b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6974 6961 s... An initia\n+000432c0: 6c20 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 l trusted public\n+000432d0: 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 key can be embe\n+000432e0: 6464 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 dded within the \n+000432f0: 4752 5542 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB....core.img\n+00043300: e280 9920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 ... using the ..\n+00043310: 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 .--pubkey... opt\n+00043320: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 ion to ...grub-i\n+00043330: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n+00043340: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking.grub-i\n+00043350: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 nstall::)... G\n+00043360: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5047 2d73 7479 RUB uses GPG-sty\n+00043370: 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e le detached sign\n+00043380: 6174 7572 6573 2028 6d65 616e 696e 6720 atures (meaning \n+00043390: 7468 6174 2061 2066 696c 650a e280 9866 that a file....f\n+000433a0: 6f6f 2e73 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 oo.sig... will b\n+000433b0: 6520 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2077 6865 6e20 e produced when \n+000433c0: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2069 file ...foo... i\n+000433d0: 7320 7369 676e 6564 292c 2061 6e64 2063 s signed), and c\n+000433e0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a73 7570 706f 7274 urrently.support\n+000433f0: 7320 7468 6520 4453 4120 616e 6420 5253 s the DSA and RS\n+00043400: 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 616c 676f 7269 A signing algori\n+00043410: 7468 6d73 2e20 2041 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 thms. A signing\n+00043420: 206b 6579 2063 616e 2062 650a 6765 6e65 key can be.gene\n+00043430: 7261 7465 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 rated as follows\n+00043440: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6765 :.. gpg --ge\n+00043450: 6e2d 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e64 n-key.. An ind\n+00043460: 6976 6964 7561 6c20 6669 6c65 2063 616e ividual file can\n+00043470: 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2061 7320 666f be signed as fo\n+00043480: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 llows:.. gpg\n+00043490: 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d 7369 676e 202f --detach-sign /\n+000434a0: 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 6669 6c65 0a0a 2020 path/to/file.. \n+000434b0: 2046 6f72 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c20 For successful \n+000434c0: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 616c validation of al\n+000434d0: 6c20 6f66 2047 5255 4227 7320 7375 6263 l of GRUB's subc\n+000434e0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 omponents and th\n+000434f0: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 204f 5320 6b65 726e e.loaded OS kern\n+00043500: 656c 2c20 7468 6579 206d 7573 7420 616c el, they must al\n+00043510: 6c20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 4f6e l be signed. On\n+00043520: 6520 7761 7920 746f 2061 6363 6f6d 706c e way to accompl\n+00043530: 6973 6820 7468 6973 0a69 7320 7468 6520 ish this.is the \n+00043540: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2861 6674 6572 following (after\n+00043550: 2068 6176 696e 6720 616c 7265 6164 7920 having already \n+00043560: 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2074 6865 2064 6573 produced the des\n+00043570: 6972 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ired ...grub.cfg\n+00043580: e280 990a 6669 6c65 2c20 652e 672e 2c20 ....file, e.g., \n+00043590: 6279 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 by running ...gr\n+000435a0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n+000435b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n+000435c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 293a rub-mkconfig::):\n+000435d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2045 6469 7420 2f64 .. # Edit /d\n+000435e0: 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 ev/shm/passphras\n+000435f0: 652e 7478 7420 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e e.txt to contain\n+00043600: 2079 6f75 7220 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 your signing ke\n+00043610: 7927 7320 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 0a20 y's passphrase. \n+00043620: 2020 2020 666f 7220 6920 696e 2060 6669 for i in `fi\n+00043630: 6e64 202f 626f 6f74 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 nd /boot -name \"\n+00043640: 2a2e 6366 6722 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 *.cfg\" -or -name\n+00043650: 2022 2a2e 6c73 7422 202d 6f72 205c 0a20 \"*.lst\" -or \\. \n+00043660: 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6d -name \"*.m\n+00043670: 6f64 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2276 od\" -or -name \"v\n+00043680: 6d6c 696e 757a 2a22 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 mlinuz*\" -or -na\n+00043690: 6d65 2022 696e 6974 7264 2a22 202d 6f72 me \"initrd*\" -or\n+000436a0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2d6e 616d 6520 \\. -name \n+000436b0: 2267 7275 6265 6e76 2260 3b0a 2020 2020 \"grubenv\"`;. \n+000436c0: 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d do. gpg -\n+000436d0: 2d62 6174 6368 202d 2d64 6574 6163 682d -batch --detach-\n+000436e0: 7369 676e 202d 2d70 6173 7370 6872 6173 sign --passphras\n+000436f0: 652d 6664 2030 2024 6920 3c20 5c0a 2020 e-fd 0 $i < \\. \n+00043700: 2020 2020 2020 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f /dev/shm/\n+00043710: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a20 passphrase.txt. \n+00043720: 2020 2020 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7368 done. sh\n+00043730: 7265 6420 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 red /dev/shm/pas\n+00043740: 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 sphrase.txt.. \n+00043750: 5365 6520 616c 736f 3a20 2a6e 6f74 6520 See also: *note \n+00043760: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043770: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 ::, *note verify\n+00043780: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f _detached::, *no\n+00043790: 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 te.trust::, *not\n+000437a0: 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a e list_trusted::\n+000437b0: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 , *note distrust\n+000437c0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 ::, *note load_e\n+000437d0: 6e76 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7361 7665 nv::, *note.save\n+000437e0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 _env::... Note\n+000437f0: 2074 6861 7420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 that internally\n+00043800: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 signature enfor\n+00043810: 6365 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f cement is contro\n+00043820: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a lled by setting.\n+00043830: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+00043840: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+00043850: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+00043860: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f equal to ...enfo\n+00043870: 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7369 6e67 rce.... Passing\n+00043880: 0a6f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 20e2 8098 .one or more ...\n+00043890: 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --pubkey... opti\n+000438a0: 6f6e 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ons to ...grub-m\n+000438b0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 kimage... implic\n+000438c0: 6974 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6573 0ae2 8098 itly defines....\n+000438d0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000438e0: e280 9920 6571 7561 6c20 746f 20e2 8098 ... equal to ...\n+000438f0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 enforce... in ..\n+00043900: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2070 7269 .core.img... pri\n+00043910: 6f72 2074 6f20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 or to processing\n+00043920: 0a61 6e79 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 .any configurati\n+00043930: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f on files... No\n+00043940: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 te that signatur\n+00043950: 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2064 6f65 7320 e checking does \n+00043960: 2a6e 6f74 2a20 7072 6576 656e 7420 616e *not* prevent an\n+00043970: 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 7769 7468 0a28 attacker with.(\n+00043980: 7365 7269 616c 2c20 7068 7973 6963 616c serial, physical\n+00043990: 2c20 2e2e 2e29 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 , ...) console \n+000439a0: 6163 6365 7373 2066 726f 6d20 6472 6f70 access from drop\n+000439b0: 7069 6e67 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 746f ping manually to\n+000439c0: 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6f6c the.GRUB consol\n+000439d0: 6520 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 673a e and executing:\n+000439e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2063 6865 636b .. set check\n+000439f0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 0a0a _signatures=no..\n+00043a00: 2020 2054 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7468 To prevent th\n+00043a10: 6973 2c20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2d70 726f is, password-pro\n+00043a20: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2041 tection (*note A\n+00043a30: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n+00043a40: 640a 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a d.authorisation:\n+00043a50: 3a29 2069 7320 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e :) is essential.\n+00043a60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6576 656e Note that even\n+00043a70: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 with GRUB passw\n+00043a80: 6f72 640a 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 ord.protection, \n+00043a90: 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 6361 6e6e GRUB itself cann\n+00043aa0: 6f74 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 6f6d 656f ot prevent someo\n+00043ab0: 6e65 2077 6974 6820 7068 7973 6963 616c ne with physical\n+00043ac0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 0a74 6865 206d access to.the m\n+00043ad0: 6163 6869 6e65 2066 726f 6d20 616c 7465 achine from alte\n+00043ae0: 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6368 696e ring that machin\n+00043af0: 6527 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e e's firmware (e.\n+00043b00: 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 206f 720a g., Coreboot or.\n+00043b10: 4249 4f53 2920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 BIOS) configurat\n+00043b20: 696f 6e20 746f 2063 6175 7365 2074 6865 ion to cause the\n+00043b30: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 machine to boot\n+00043b40: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e from a differen\n+00043b50: 740a 2861 7474 6163 6b65 722d 636f 6e74 t.(attacker-cont\n+00043b60: 726f 6c6c 6564 2920 6465 7669 6365 2e20 rolled) device. \n+00043b70: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7420 6265 7374 GRUB is at best\n+00043b80: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6c69 6e6b 2069 only one link i\n+00043b90: 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 n a secure.boot \n+00043ba0: 6368 6169 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 chain.....File: \n+00043bb0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00043bc0: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n+00043bd0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 4e65 ot and shim, Ne\n+00043be0: 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 xt: Secure Boot \n+00043bf0: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00043c00: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 7369 6e67 ng, Prev: Using\n+00043c10: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00043c20: 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 res, Up: Securi\n+00043c30: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e33 2055 4546 4920 7365 ty..19.3 UEFI se\n+00043c40: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n+00043c50: 696d 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d im support.=====\n 00043c60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00043c80: 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 6570 .The GRUB, excep\n-00043c90: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f t the ...chainlo\n-00043ca0: 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c ader... command,\n-00043cb0: 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 works with the \n-00043cc0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n-00043cd0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e 2020 and the shim. \n-00043ce0: 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 This functionali\n-00043cf0: 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ty is provided b\n-00043d00: 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a y the shim_lock.\n-00043d10: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 6973 verifier. It is\n-00043d20: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 built into the \n-00043d30: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 ...core.img... a\n-00043d40: 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 nd is registered\n-00043d50: 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 6563 if the UEFI.sec\n-00043d60: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 ure boot is enab\n-00043d70: 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6869 led. The ...shi\n-00043d80: 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 m_lock... variab\n-00043d90: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n-00043da0: 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d 5f6c y... when.shim_l\n-00043db0: 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 7320 ock verifier is \n-00043dc0: 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 6620 registered. If \n-00043dd0: 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f it is desired to\n-00043de0: 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 use UEFI secure\n-00043df0: 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7368 .boot without sh\n-00043e00: 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 7361 im, one can disa\n-00043e10: 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 6279 ble shim_lock by\n-00043e20: 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 6d0a disabling shim.\n-00043e30: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 verification wit\n-00043e40: 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 4546 h MokSbState UEF\n-00043e50: 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6279 I variable or by\n-00043e60: 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 2069 building grub i\n-00043e70: 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d64 mage.with ...--d\n-00043e80: 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f 636b isable-shim-lock\n-00043e90: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ... option... \n-00043ea0: 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 All GRUB modules\n-00043eb0: 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 not stored in t\n-00043ec0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n-00043ed0: 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2041 ., OS kernels, A\n-00043ee0: 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 7669 CPI.tables, Devi\n-00043ef0: 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e 2020 ce Trees, etc. \n-00043f00: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 have to be signe\n-00043f10: 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 5047 d, e.g, using PG\n-00043f20: 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c P..Additionally,\n-00043f30: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 the commands th\n-00043f40: 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 at can be used t\n-00043f50: 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 5545 o subvert the UE\n-00043f60: 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 206d FI secure.boot m\n-00043f70: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 2061 echanism, such a\n-00043f80: 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 6e64 s ...iorw... and\n-00043f90: 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 696c ...memrw... wil\n-00043fa0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 l not be availab\n-00043fb0: 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 4649 le when.the UEFI\n-00043fc0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 secure boot is \n-00043fd0: 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 enabled. This i\n-00043fe0: 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 7572 s done for secur\n-00043ff0: 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e 640a ity reasons and.\n-00044000: 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 7920 are enforced by \n-00044010: 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 the GRUB Lockdow\n-00044020: 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a 6e6f n mechanism (*no\n-00044030: 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e0a te Lockdown::)..\n-00044040: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00044050: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 fo, Node: Secur\n-00044060: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-00044070: 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 Targeting, Next\n-00044080: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c : Measured Boot,\n-00044090: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 Prev: UEFI sec\n-000440a0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n-000440b0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 m, Up: Security\n-000440c0: 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 ..19.4 Embedded \n-000440d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 information for \n-000440e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n-000440f0: 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 7469 r based revocati\n-00044100: 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d on.=============\n+00043c70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00043c80: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 422c 2065 7863 =..The GRUB, exc\n+00043c90: 6570 7420 7468 6520 e280 9863 6861 696e ept the ...chain\n+00043ca0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e loader... comman\n+00043cb0: 642c 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 6974 6820 7468 d, works with th\n+00043cc0: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f e UEFI secure.bo\n+00043cd0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d2e ot and the shim.\n+00043ce0: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 This functiona\n+00043cf0: 6c69 7479 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 lity is provided\n+00043d00: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 by the shim_loc\n+00043d10: 6b0a 7665 7269 6669 6572 2e20 2049 7420 k.verifier. It \n+00043d20: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 is built into th\n+00043d30: 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 e ...core.img...\n+00043d40: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 and is register\n+00043d50: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a73 ed if the UEFI.s\n+00043d60: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e ecure boot is en\n+00043d70: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 abled. The ...s\n+00043d80: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b e280 9920 7661 7269 him_lock... vari\n+00043d90: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n+00043da0: 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e0a 7368 696d ..y... when.shim\n+00043db0: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 _lock verifier i\n+00043dc0: 7320 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2e20 2049 s registered. I\n+00043dd0: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6465 7369 7265 6420 f it is desired \n+00043de0: 746f 2075 7365 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 to use UEFI secu\n+00043df0: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 re.boot without \n+00043e00: 7368 696d 2c20 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 6469 shim, one can di\n+00043e10: 7361 626c 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 sable shim_lock \n+00043e20: 6279 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 2073 6869 by disabling shi\n+00043e30: 6d0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2077 m.verification w\n+00043e40: 6974 6820 4d6f 6b53 6253 7461 7465 2055 ith MokSbState U\n+00043e50: 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206f 7220 EFI variable or \n+00043e60: 6279 2062 7569 6c64 696e 6720 6772 7562 by building grub\n+00043e70: 2069 6d61 6765 0a77 6974 6820 e280 982d image.with ...-\n+00043e80: 2d64 6973 6162 6c65 2d73 6869 6d2d 6c6f -disable-shim-lo\n+00043e90: 636b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ck... option... \n+00043ea0: 2020 416c 6c20 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c All GRUB modul\n+00043eb0: 6573 206e 6f74 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e es not stored in\n+00043ec0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 the ...core.img\n+00043ed0: e280 992c 204f 5320 6b65 726e 656c 732c ..., OS kernels,\n+00043ee0: 2041 4350 490a 7461 626c 6573 2c20 4465 ACPI.tables, De\n+00043ef0: 7669 6365 2054 7265 6573 2c20 6574 632e vice Trees, etc.\n+00043f00: 2020 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6967 have to be sig\n+00043f10: 6e65 642c 2065 2e67 2c20 7573 696e 6720 ned, e.g, using \n+00043f20: 5047 502e 0a41 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c PGP..Additionall\n+00043f30: 792c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 y, the commands \n+00043f40: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 that can be used\n+00043f50: 2074 6f20 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 to subvert the \n+00043f60: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n+00043f70: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2c20 7375 6368 mechanism, such\n+00043f80: 2061 7320 e280 9869 6f72 77e2 8099 2061 as ...iorw... a\n+00043f90: 6e64 20e2 8098 6d65 6d72 77e2 8099 2077 nd ...memrw... w\n+00043fa0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c ill not be avail\n+00043fb0: 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 5545 able when.the UE\n+00043fc0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 FI secure boot i\n+00043fd0: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 5468 6973 s enabled. This\n+00043fe0: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2066 6f72 2073 6563 is done for sec\n+00043ff0: 7572 6974 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 7320 616e urity reasons an\n+00044000: 640a 6172 6520 656e 666f 7263 6564 2062 d.are enforced b\n+00044010: 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 204c 6f63 6b64 y the GRUB Lockd\n+00044020: 6f77 6e20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 282a own mechanism (*\n+00044030: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 note Lockdown::)\n+00044040: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00044050: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 info, Node: Sec\n+00044060: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+00044070: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 4e65 d Targeting, Ne\n+00044080: 7874 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f xt: Measured Boo\n+00044090: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5545 4649 2073 t, Prev: UEFI s\n+000440a0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n+000440b0: 6869 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 him, Up: Securi\n+000440c0: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e34 2045 6d62 6564 6465 ty..19.4 Embedde\n+000440d0: 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f d information fo\n+000440e0: 7220 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d r generation num\n+000440f0: 6265 7220 6261 7365 6420 7265 766f 6361 ber based revoca\n+00044100: 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tion.===========\n 00044110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044140: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 6520 ===..The Secure \n-00044150: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n-00044160: 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 2069 rgeting (SBAT) i\n-00044170: 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 746f s a mechanism to\n-00044180: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 6f63 allow the.revoc\n-00044190: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ation of compone\n-000441a0: 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nts in the boot \n-000441b0: 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 6765 path by using ge\n-000441c0: 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 neration numbers\n-000441d0: 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 .embedded into t\n-000441e0: 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 732e he EFI binaries.\n-000441f0: 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 6164 The SBAT metad\n-00044200: 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2069 ata is located i\n-00044210: 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 6120 n an..sbat data \n-00044220: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 section that has\n-00044230: 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 7374 set of UTF-8 st\n-00044240: 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 rings as comma-s\n-00044250: 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 7320 eparated.values \n-00044260: 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 7470 (CSV). See fo\n-000442a0: 720a 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r.more details..\n-000442b0: 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 6174 . To add a dat\n-000442c0: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 a section contai\n-000442d0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 696e ning the SBAT in\n-000442e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 formation into t\n-000442f0: 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 20e2 he.binary, the .\n-00044300: 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--sbat... opti\n-00044310: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b on of ...grub-mk\n-00044320: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 image... command\n-00044330: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 642e should be used.\n-00044340: 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f 6620 .The content of \n-00044350: 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e 636f a CSV file, enco\n-00044360: 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 ded with UTF-8, \n-00044370: 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 7320 is copied as is \n-00044380: 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 to the..sbat dat\n-00044390: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f 2074 a section into t\n-000443a0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 4649 he generated EFI\n-000443b0: 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 4353 binary. The CS\n-000443c0: 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a 7374 V file can be.st\n-000443d0: 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e ored anywhere on\n-000443e0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d the file system\n-000443f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 ... grub-mki\n-00044400: 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 2d65 mage -O x86_64-e\n-00044410: 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e 6566 fi -o grubx64.ef\n-00044420: 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 7275 i -p '(tftp)/gru\n-00044430: 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 2e63 b' --sbat sbat.c\n-00044440: 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 0a0a sv efinet tftp..\n-00044450: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00044460: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 o, Node: Measur\n-00044470: 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ed Boot, Next: \n-00044480: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a Lockdown, Prev:\n-00044490: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n-000444a0: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c anced Targeting,\n-000444b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-000444c0: 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 19.5 Measuring b\n-000444d0: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d oot components.=\n-000444e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n-00044500: 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 f the tpm module\n-00044510: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 is loaded and t\n-00044520: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 7320 he platform has \n-00044530: 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 666f a Trusted Platfo\n-00044540: 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 616c rm.Module instal\n-00044550: 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206c led, GRUB will l\n-00044560: 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 og each command \n-00044570: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6163 executed and eac\n-00044580: 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 696e h file.loaded in\n-00044590: 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 6e74 to the TPM event\n-000445a0: 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e 6420 log and extend \n-000445b0: 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 2069 the PCR values i\n-000445c0: 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 6573 n the TPM.corres\n-000445d0: 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c 6c20 pondingly. All \n-000445e0: 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c events will be l\n-000445f0: 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2050 ogged into the P\n-00044600: 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 656c CR described bel\n-00044610: 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 206f ow.with a type o\n-00044620: 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 f EV_IPL and an \n-00044630: 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f event descriptio\n-00044640: 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 n as described b\n-00044650: 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 7970 elow...Event typ\n-00044660: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5043 e PC\n-00044670: 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f R Descriptio\n-00044680: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+00044140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2053 6563 7572 =====..The Secur\n+00044150: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n+00044160: 5461 7267 6574 696e 6720 2853 4241 5429 Targeting (SBAT)\n+00044170: 2069 7320 6120 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 is a mechanism \n+00044180: 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 0a72 6576 to allow the.rev\n+00044190: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 706f ocation of compo\n+000441a0: 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f nents in the boo\n+000441b0: 7420 7061 7468 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 t path by using \n+000441c0: 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 generation numbe\n+000441d0: 7273 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f rs.embedded into\n+000441e0: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2062 696e 6172 6965 the EFI binarie\n+000441f0: 732e 2020 5468 6520 5342 4154 206d 6574 s. The SBAT met\n+00044200: 6164 6174 6120 6973 206c 6f63 6174 6564 adata is located\n+00044210: 2069 6e20 616e 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 6174 in an..sbat dat\n+00044220: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 a section that h\n+00044230: 6173 2073 6574 206f 6620 5554 462d 3820 as set of UTF-8 \n+00044240: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 strings as comma\n+00044250: 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 0a76 616c 7565 -separated.value\n+00044260: 7320 2843 5356 292e 2053 6565 203c 6874 s (CSV). See \n+000442a0: 666f 720a 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for.more details\n+000442b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 2064 ... To add a d\n+000442c0: 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 ata section cont\n+000442d0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2053 4241 5420 aining the SBAT \n+000442e0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e 746f information into\n+000442f0: 2074 6865 0a62 696e 6172 792c 2074 6865 the.binary, the\n+00044300: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7362 6174 e280 9920 6f70 ...--sbat... op\n+00044310: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d tion of ...grub-\n+00044320: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 mkimage... comma\n+00044330: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 nd should be use\n+00044340: 642e 0a54 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 206f d..The content o\n+00044350: 6620 6120 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2c20 656e f a CSV file, en\n+00044360: 636f 6465 6420 7769 7468 2055 5446 2d38 coded with UTF-8\n+00044370: 2c20 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6173 2069 , is copied as i\n+00044380: 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a2e 7362 6174 2064 s to the..sbat d\n+00044390: 6174 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 696e 746f ata section into\n+000443a0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2045 the generated E\n+000443b0: 4649 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5468 6520 FI binary. The \n+000443c0: 4353 5620 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 650a CSV file can be.\n+000443d0: 7374 6f72 6564 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 stored anywhere \n+000443e0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 on the file syst\n+000443f0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d em... grub-m\n+00044400: 6b69 6d61 6765 202d 4f20 7838 365f 3634 kimage -O x86_64\n+00044410: 2d65 6669 202d 6f20 6772 7562 7836 342e -efi -o grubx64.\n+00044420: 6566 6920 2d70 2027 2874 6674 7029 2f67 efi -p '(tftp)/g\n+00044430: 7275 6227 202d 2d73 6261 7420 7362 6174 rub' --sbat sbat\n+00044440: 2e63 7376 2065 6669 6e65 7420 7466 7470 .csv efinet tftp\n+00044450: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00044460: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 nfo, Node: Meas\n+00044470: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 ured Boot, Next\n+00044480: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 : Lockdown, Pre\n+00044490: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 v: Secure Boot A\n+000444a0: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n+000444b0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 g, Up: Security\n+000444c0: 0a0a 3139 2e35 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 ..19.5 Measuring\n+000444d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 boot components\n+000444e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000444f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044500: 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f 6475 .If the tpm modu\n+00044510: 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 le is loaded and\n+00044520: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 the platform ha\n+00044530: 7320 6120 5472 7573 7465 6420 506c 6174 s a Trusted Plat\n+00044540: 666f 726d 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 696e 7374 form.Module inst\n+00044550: 616c 6c65 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c alled, GRUB will\n+00044560: 206c 6f67 2065 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e log each comman\n+00044570: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6e64 2065 d executed and e\n+00044580: 6163 6820 6669 6c65 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 ach file.loaded \n+00044590: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2054 504d 2065 7665 into the TPM eve\n+000445a0: 6e74 206c 6f67 2061 6e64 2065 7874 656e nt log and exten\n+000445b0: 6420 7468 6520 5043 5220 7661 6c75 6573 d the PCR values\n+000445c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5450 4d0a 636f 7272 in the TPM.corr\n+000445d0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 676c 792e 2020 416c espondingly. Al\n+000445e0: 6c20 6576 656e 7473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 l events will be\n+000445f0: 206c 6f67 6765 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 logged into the\n+00044600: 2050 4352 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2062 PCR described b\n+00044610: 656c 6f77 0a77 6974 6820 6120 7479 7065 elow.with a type\n+00044620: 206f 6620 4556 5f49 504c 2061 6e64 2061 of EV_IPL and a\n+00044630: 6e20 6576 656e 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 n event descript\n+00044640: 696f 6e20 6173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ion as described\n+00044650: 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a45 7665 6e74 2074 below...Event t\n+00044660: 7970 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype \n+00044670: 5043 5220 2020 2020 4465 7363 7269 7074 PCR Descript\n+00044680: 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ion.------------\n 00044690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000446b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 436f -------------.Co\n-000446d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmand \n-000446e0: 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 8 All\n-000446f0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e executed comman\n-00044700: 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 ds (including th\n-00044710: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ose. \n+000446c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000446d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 Command \n+000446e0: 2020 2020 2020 2038 2020 2020 2020 2041 8 A\n+000446f0: 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 636f 6d6d ll executed comm\n+00044700: 616e 6473 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ands (including \n+00044710: 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 those. \n 00044720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044730: 2020 2066 726f 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 from configur\n-00044740: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7329 2077 696c ation files) wil\n-00044750: 6c20 6265 206c 6f67 6765 640a 2020 2020 l be logged. \n+00044730: 2020 2020 2066 726f 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As such i\n-00044b10: 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 t is recommended\n-00044b20: 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 6d6f .that the tpm mo\n-00044b30: 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 696e dule be built in\n-00044b40: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 to ...core.img..\n-00044b50: 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 6176 . in order to av\n-00044b60: 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 oid a.potential \n-00044b70: 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 gap in measureme\n-00044b80: 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 636f nt between ...co\n-00044b90: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e 6720 re.img... being \n-00044ba0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 loaded and the t\n-00044bb0: 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e 6720 pm.module being \n-00044bc0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 6173 loaded... Meas\n-00044bd0: 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 7572 ured boot is cur\n-00044be0: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 rently only supp\n-00044bf0: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 orted on EFI and\n-00044c00: 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 506f IBM IEEE1275.Po\n-00044c10: 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e werPC platforms.\n-00044c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00044c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b nfo, Node: Lock\n-00044c40: 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 down, Prev: Mea\n-00044c50: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a sured Boot, Up:\n-00044c60: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3620 Security..19.6 \n-00044c70: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f Lockdown when bo\n-00044c80: 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 oting on a secur\n-00044c90: 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e setup.========\n+00044a30: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e correspon\n+00044a40: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ding to the file\n+00044a50: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2077 name... 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As such\n+00044b10: 2069 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 it is recommend\n+00044b20: 6564 0a74 6861 7420 7468 6520 7470 6d20 ed.that the tpm \n+00044b30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 module be built \n+00044b40: 696e 746f 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 into ...core.img\n+00044b50: e280 9920 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 ... in order to \n+00044b60: 6176 6f69 6420 610a 706f 7465 6e74 6961 avoid a.potentia\n+00044b70: 6c20 6761 7020 696e 206d 6561 7375 7265 l gap in measure\n+00044b80: 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 20e2 8098 ment between ...\n+00044b90: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6265 696e core.img... bein\n+00044ba0: 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6865 g loaded and the\n+00044bb0: 2074 706d 0a6d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 696e tpm.module bein\n+00044bc0: 6720 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d65 g loaded... Me\n+00044bd0: 6173 7572 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2063 asured boot is c\n+00044be0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 urrently only su\n+00044bf0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 pported on EFI a\n+00044c00: 6e64 2049 424d 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a nd IBM IEEE1275.\n+00044c10: 506f 7765 7250 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d PowerPC platform\n+00044c20: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00044c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .info, Node: Lo\n+00044c40: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d ckdown, Prev: M\n+00044c50: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 easured Boot, U\n+00044c60: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00044c70: 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 6 Lockdown when \n+00044c80: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booting on a sec\n+00044c90: 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ure setup.======\n 00044ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 ====..The GRUB c\n-00044cd0: 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 an be locked dow\n-00044ce0: 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e n when booted on\n-00044cf0: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 a secure boot e\n-00044d00: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 nvironment,.for \n-00044d10: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 example if the U\n-00044d20: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-00044d30: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 is enabled. On \n-00044d40: 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f a locked down.co\n-00044d50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 nfiguration, the\n-00044d60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 GRUB will be re\n-00044d70: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d stricted and som\n-00044d80: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d e operations/com\n-00044d90: 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 mands.cannot be \n-00044da0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 executed... Th\n-00044db0: 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 8099 e ...lockdown...\n-00044dc0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00044dd0: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e to ...y... when\n-00044de0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 the GRUB is loc\n-00044df0: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 ked down..Otherw\n-00044e00: 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ise it does not \n-00044e10: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 exit.....File: g\n-00044e20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00044e30: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n-00044e40: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c tions, Next: Pl\n-00044e50: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-00044e60: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 operations, Pre\n-00044e70: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 v: Security, Up\n-00044e80: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 666f : Top..20 Platfo\n-00044e90: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a rm limitations.*\n-00044ea0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 ******..GRUB2 is\n-00044ec0: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 designed to be \n-00044ed0: 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 portable and is \n-00044ee0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 actually ported \n-00044ef0: 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 across.platforms\n-00044f00: 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 . We try to kee\n-00044f10: 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 p all platforms \n-00044f20: 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 at the level. U\n-00044f30: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d nfortunately.som\n-00044f40: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 e platforms are \n-00044f50: 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 better supported\n-00044f60: 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 than others. T\n-00044f70: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 his is detailed \n-00044f80: 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 in.current and 2\n-00044f90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 following secti\n-00044fa0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 ons... All pla\n-00044fb0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 tforms have an a\n-00044fc0: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 rtificially GRUB\n-00044fd0: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 imposed disk si\n-00044fe0: 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f ze restriction.o\n-00044ff0: 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 f 1 EiB. In some\n-00045000: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 cases, larger d\n-00045010: 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 isk sizes can be\n-00045020: 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 used, but acces\n-00045030: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c s will.not be al\n-00045040: 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 lowed beyond 1 E\n-00045050: 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 iB... LUKS2 de\n-00045060: 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 vices with size \n-00045070: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 larger than 16 E\n-00045080: 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 iB are currently\n-00045090: 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 not.supported. \n-000450a0: 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 They can not be\n-000450b0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 created as cryp\n-000450c0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 to devices by cr\n-000450d0: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 yptomount, so.ca\n-000450e0: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 n not even be pa\n-000450f0: 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f rtially read fro\n-00045100: 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f m. LUKS have no\n-00045110: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 limitations oth\n-00045120: 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d er.than those im\n-00045130: 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 posed by the for\n-00045140: 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 mat... ARC pla\n-00045150: 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 tform is unable \n-00045160: 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 to change dateti\n-00045170: 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 me (firmware doe\n-00045180: 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f sn't seem to.pro\n-00045190: 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vide a function \n-000451a0: 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 for it). EMU ha\n-000451b0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 s similar limita\n-000451c0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 tion... On EMU\n-000451d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 platform no ser\n-000451e0: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n-000451f0: 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f lable... Conso\n-00045200: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 le charset refer\n-00045210: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 s only to firmwa\n-00045220: 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 re-assisted cons\n-00045230: 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 ole. gfxterm is\n-00045240: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 .always Unicode \n-00045250: 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e (see Internation\n-00045260: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f alisation sectio\n-00045270: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 n for its limita\n-00045280: 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 tions)..Serial i\n-00045290: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 s configurable t\n-000452a0: 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 o UTF-8 or ASCII\n-000452b0: 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f (see Internatio\n-000452c0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e nalisation). In\n-000452d0: 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e .case of qemu an\n-000452e0: 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 d coreboot ports\n-000452f0: 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e the refered con\n-00045300: 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 sole is vga_text\n-00045310: 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 ..Loongson alway\n-00045320: 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a s uses gfxterm..\n-00045330: 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 . Most limited\n-00045340: 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 one is ASCII. C\n-00045350: 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 P437 provides ad\n-00045360: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 ditionally.pseud\n-00045370: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 ographics. GRUB\n-00045380: 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 2 doesn't use an\n-00045390: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 y language chara\n-000453a0: 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 cters from CP437\n-000453b0: 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 as.often CP437 \n-000453c0: 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e is replaced by n\n-000453d0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 ational encoding\n-000453e0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 compatible only\n-000453f0: 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 in.pseudographi\n-00045400: 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 cs. Unicode is \n-00045410: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 the most versati\n-00045420: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 le charset which\n-00045430: 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c supports.many l\n-00045440: 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 anguages. Howev\n-00045450: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f er the actual co\n-00045460: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 nsole may be muc\n-00045470: 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 h more limited.d\n-00045480: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d epending on firm\n-00045490: 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 ware.. On BIOS\n-000454a0: 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 , network is sup\n-000454b0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 ported only if t\n-000454c0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 he image is load\n-000454d0: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f ed through.netwo\n-000454e0: 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c rk. On sparc64,\n-000454f0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 GRUB is unable \n-00045500: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 to determine whi\n-00045510: 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 ch server it was\n-00045520: 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 .booted from... \n-00045530: 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 Direct ATA/AHC\n-00045540: 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 I support allows\n-00045550: 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 to circumvent v\n-00045560: 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a arious firmware.\n-00045570: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 limitations but \n-00045580: 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 isn't needed for\n-00045590: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n-000455a0: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 n except on bare\n-000455b0: 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 metal.ports... \n-000455c0: 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 AT keyboard sup\n-000455d0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 port allows keyb\n-000455e0: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 oard layout rema\n-000455f0: 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 pping and suppor\n-00045600: 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 t for.keys not a\n-00045610: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 vailable through\n-00045620: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 firmware. It i\n-00045630: 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 sn't needed for \n-00045640: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal.operation\n-00045650: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 except baremeta\n-00045660: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 l ports... Spe\n-00045670: 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 aker allows mors\n-00045680: 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 e and spkmodem c\n-00045690: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ommunication... \n-000456a0: 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 USB support pr\n-000456b0: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 ovides benefits \n-000456c0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 similar to ATA (\n-000456d0: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f for USB disks) o\n-000456e0: 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 r AT.(for USB ke\n-000456f0: 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 yboards). In ad\n-00045700: 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 dition it allows\n-00045710: 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 USBserial... \n-00045720: 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 Chainloading ref\n-00045730: 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ers to the abili\n-00045740: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ty to load anoth\n-00045750: 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 er bootloader th\n-00045760: 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 rough.the same p\n-00045770: 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 rotocol.. Hint\n-00045780: 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 s allow faster d\n-00045790: 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 isk discovery by\n-000457a0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 already knowing\n-000457b0: 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 in advance whic\n-000457c0: 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e h.is the disk in\n-000457d0: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 question. On s\n-000457e0: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 ome platforms hi\n-000457f0: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 nts are correct \n-00045800: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 unless you.move \n-00045810: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e the disk between\n-00045820: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 boots. On othe\n-00045830: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 r platforms it's\n-00045840: 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 just an educate\n-00045850: 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 d.guess. Note t\n-00045860: 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 hat hint failure\n-00045870: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 results in just\n-00045880: 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d reduced perform\n-00045890: 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c ance, not.a fail\n-000458a0: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 ure.. BadRAM i\n-000458b0: 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f s the ability to\n-000458c0: 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 mark some of th\n-000458d0: 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 e RAM as \"bad\". \n-000458e0: 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 Note: due to.pr\n-000458f0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f otocol limitatio\n-00045900: 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e ns mips-loongson\n-00045910: 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f (with Linux pro\n-00045920: 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d tocol) and.mips-\n-00045930: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 qemu_mips can us\n-00045940: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 e only memory up\n-00045950: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a to first hole..\n-00045960: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e . Bootlocation\n-00045970: 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 is ability of G\n-00045980: 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 RUB to automatic\n-00045990: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 ally detect wher\n-000459a0: 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e e it.boots from.\n-000459b0: 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"disk\" means t\n-000459c0: 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 he detection is \n-000459d0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 limited to detec\n-000459e0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 ting the disk.wi\n-000459f0: 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 th partition bei\n-00045a00: 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e ng discovered on\n-00045a10: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 install time. \n-00045a20: 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e \"partition\" mean\n-00045a30: 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 s that.disk and \n-00045a40: 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 partiton can be \n-00045a50: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 automatically di\n-00045a60: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 scovered. \"file\n-00045a70: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f \" means that.boo\n-00045a80: 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d t image file nam\n-00045a90: 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 e as well as dis\n-00045aa0: 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 k and partition \n-00045ab0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 can be discovere\n-00045ac0: 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e d..For consisten\n-00045ad0: 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 cy, default inst\n-00045ae0: 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 all ignores part\n-00045af0: 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 ition and relies\n-00045b00: 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 solely on.disk \n-00045b10: 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e detection. If n\n-00045b20: 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 o bootlocation d\n-00045b30: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 iscovery is avai\n-00045b40: 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e lable or boot an\n-00045b50: 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b d.grub-root disk\n-00045b60: 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c s are different,\n-00045b70: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e UUID is used in\n-00045b80: 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 stead. On ARC i\n-00045b90: 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 f no.device to i\n-00045ba0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 nstall to is spe\n-00045bb0: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 cified, UUID is \n-00045bc0: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 used instead as \n-00045bd0: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 well... \n-00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00045bf0: 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 Coreboot \n-00045c00: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 Multiboot \n-00045c10: 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 Qemu.video \n-00045c20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045c50: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 yes.console \n-00045c60: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c70: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c80: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045c90: 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 CP437.charse\n-00045ca0: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n-00045cb0: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00045cc0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00045cd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00045ce0: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-00045cf0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d00: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d20: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n-00045d30: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045d60: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n-00045d70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045d80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045d90: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045da0: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n-00045db0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045dc0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045dd0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045de0: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n-00045df0: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 local y\n-00045e00: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045e10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00045e20: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 cpuid p\n-00045e30: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00045e40: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00045e50: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-00045e60: 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 ial.rdmsr \n-00045e70: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e80: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045e90: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ea0: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 partial.wrmsr \n-00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00045ed0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ee0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 partial.hint\n-00045ef0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n-00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 guess.PC\n-00045f30: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 yes.ba\n-00045f70: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f yes.co\n-00045fb0: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 mpression alw\n-00045fc0: 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e ays poin\n-00045fd0: 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 tless no \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 no.exi\n-00045ff0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 t yes \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 no.boot\n-00046030: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 location disk \n-00046040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n-00046080: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 EFI amd64 \n-00046090: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 EFI ia32 \n-000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a Itanium.\n-000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044cc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n+00044cd0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 can be locked d\n+00044ce0: 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 own when booted \n+00044cf0: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 on a secure boot\n+00044d00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f environment,.fo\n+00044d10: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2074 6865 r example if the\n+00044d20: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00044d30: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 204f t is enabled. O\n+00044d40: 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a n a locked down.\n+00044d50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 configuration, t\n+00044d60: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 he GRUB will be \n+00044d70: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 6e64 2073 restricted and s\n+00044d80: 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 ome operations/c\n+00044d90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 ommands.cannot b\n+00044da0: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e executed... \n+00044db0: 5468 6520 e280 986c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6ee2 The ...lockdown.\n+00044dc0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 .. variable is s\n+00044dd0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 et to ...y... wh\n+00044de0: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c en the GRUB is l\n+00044df0: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 ocked down..Othe\n+00044e00: 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f rwise it does no\n+00044e10: 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t exit.....File:\n+00044e20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00044e30: 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 e: Platform limi\n+00044e40: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 tations, Next: \n+00044e50: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n+00044e60: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 c operations, P\n+00044e70: 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 rev: Security, \n+00044e80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 506c 6174 Up: Top..20 Plat\n+00044e90: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n+00044ea0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+00044eb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 ********..GRUB2 \n+00044ec0: 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 is designed to b\n+00044ed0: 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 e portable and i\n+00044ee0: 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 s actually porte\n+00044ef0: 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 d across.platfor\n+00044f00: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b ms. We try to k\n+00044f10: 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d eep all platform\n+00044f20: 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 s at the level. \n+00044f30: 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 Unfortunately.s\n+00044f40: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 ome platforms ar\n+00044f50: 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 e better support\n+00044f60: 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 ed than others. \n+00044f70: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 This is detaile\n+00044f80: 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 d in.current and\n+00044f90: 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 2 following sec\n+00044fa0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 tions... All p\n+00044fb0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e latforms have an\n+00044fc0: 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 artificially GR\n+00044fd0: 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 UB imposed disk \n+00044fe0: 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e size restriction\n+00044ff0: 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f .of 1 EiB. In so\n+00045000: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 me cases, larger\n+00045010: 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 disk sizes can \n+00045020: 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 be used, but acc\n+00045030: 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 ess will.not be \n+00045040: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 allowed beyond 1\n+00045050: 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 EiB... LUKS2 \n+00045060: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a devices with siz\n+00045070: 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 e larger than 16\n+00045080: 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 EiB are current\n+00045090: 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ly not.supported\n+000450a0: 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 . They can not \n+000450b0: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 be created as cr\n+000450c0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 ypto devices by \n+000450d0: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a cryptomount, so.\n+000450e0: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 can not even be \n+000450f0: 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 partially read f\n+00045100: 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 rom. LUKS have \n+00045110: 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f no limitations o\n+00045120: 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 ther.than those \n+00045130: 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 imposed by the f\n+00045140: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 ormat... ARC p\n+00045150: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c latform is unabl\n+00045160: 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 e to change date\n+00045170: 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 time (firmware d\n+00045180: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 oesn't seem to.p\n+00045190: 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f rovide a functio\n+000451a0: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 n for it). EMU \n+000451b0: 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 has similar limi\n+000451c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 tation... On E\n+000451d0: 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 MU platform no s\n+000451e0: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 erial port is av\n+000451f0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e ailable... Con\n+00045200: 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 sole charset ref\n+00045210: 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d ers only to firm\n+00045220: 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f ware-assisted co\n+00045230: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 nsole. gfxterm \n+00045240: 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 is.always Unicod\n+00045250: 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 e (see Internati\n+00045260: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 onalisation sect\n+00045270: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 ion for its limi\n+00045280: 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c tations)..Serial\n+00045290: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 is configurable\n+000452a0: 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 to UTF-8 or ASC\n+000452b0: 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 II (see Internat\n+000452c0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 ionalisation). \n+000452d0: 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 In.case of qemu \n+000452e0: 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 and coreboot por\n+000452f0: 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 ts the refered c\n+00045300: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 onsole is vga_te\n+00045310: 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 xt..Loongson alw\n+00045320: 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d ays uses gfxterm\n+00045330: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 ... Most limit\n+00045340: 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e ed one is ASCII.\n+00045350: 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 CP437 provides \n+00045360: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 additionally.pse\n+00045370: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 udographics. GR\n+00045380: 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 UB2 doesn't use \n+00045390: 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 any language cha\n+000453a0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 racters from CP4\n+000453b0: 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 37 as.often CP43\n+000453c0: 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 7 is replaced by\n+000453d0: 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 national encodi\n+000453e0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e ng compatible on\n+000453f0: 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 ly in.pseudograp\n+00045400: 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 hics. Unicode i\n+00045410: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 s the most versa\n+00045420: 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 tile charset whi\n+00045430: 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 ch supports.many\n+00045440: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 languages. How\n+00045450: 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 ever the actual \n+00045460: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d console may be m\n+00045470: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 uch more limited\n+00045480: 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 .depending on fi\n+00045490: 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 rmware.. On BI\n+000454a0: 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 OS, network is s\n+000454b0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 upported only if\n+000454c0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f the image is lo\n+000454d0: 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 aded through.net\n+000454e0: 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 work. On sparc6\n+000454f0: 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 4, GRUB is unabl\n+00045500: 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 e to determine w\n+00045510: 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 hich server it w\n+00045520: 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a as.booted from..\n+00045530: 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 . Direct ATA/A\n+00045540: 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f HCI support allo\n+00045550: 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 ws to circumvent\n+00045560: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 various firmwar\n+00045570: 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 e.limitations bu\n+00045580: 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 t isn't needed f\n+00045590: 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 or normal operat\n+000455a0: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 ion except on ba\n+000455b0: 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a remetal.ports...\n+000455c0: 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 AT keyboard s\n+000455d0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 upport allows ke\n+000455e0: 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 yboard layout re\n+000455f0: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 mapping and supp\n+00045600: 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 ort for.keys not\n+00045610: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 available throu\n+00045620: 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 gh firmware. It\n+00045630: 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f isn't needed fo\n+00045640: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 r normal.operati\n+00045650: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 on except bareme\n+00045660: 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 tal ports... S\n+00045670: 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f peaker allows mo\n+00045680: 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d rse and spkmodem\n+00045690: 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a communication..\n+000456a0: 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 . USB support \n+000456b0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 provides benefit\n+000456c0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 s similar to ATA\n+000456d0: 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 (for USB disks)\n+000456e0: 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 or AT.(for USB \n+000456f0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 keyboards). In \n+00045700: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f addition it allo\n+00045710: 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 ws USBserial... \n+00045720: 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 Chainloading r\n+00045730: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 efers to the abi\n+00045740: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f lity to load ano\n+00045750: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 ther bootloader \n+00045760: 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 through.the same\n+00045770: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 protocol.. Hi\n+00045780: 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 nts allow faster\n+00045790: 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 disk discovery \n+000457a0: 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 by already knowi\n+000457b0: 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 ng in advance wh\n+000457c0: 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 ich.is the disk \n+000457d0: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e in question. On\n+000457e0: 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 some platforms \n+000457f0: 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 hints are correc\n+00045800: 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 t unless you.mov\n+00045810: 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 e the disk betwe\n+00045820: 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 en boots. On ot\n+00045830: 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 her platforms it\n+00045840: 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 's just an educa\n+00045850: 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 ted.guess. Note\n+00045860: 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 that hint failu\n+00045870: 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 re results in ju\n+00045880: 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f st reduced perfo\n+00045890: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 rmance, not.a fa\n+000458a0: 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d ilure.. BadRAM\n+000458b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 is the ability \n+000458c0: 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 to mark some of \n+000458d0: 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 the RAM as \"bad\"\n+000458e0: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a . Note: due to.\n+000458f0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 protocol limitat\n+00045900: 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ions mips-loongs\n+00045910: 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 on (with Linux p\n+00045920: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 rotocol) and.mip\n+00045930: 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 s-qemu_mips can \n+00045940: 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 use only memory \n+00045950: 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 up to first hole\n+00045960: 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 ... Bootlocati\n+00045970: 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 on is ability of\n+00045980: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB to automat\n+00045990: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 ically detect wh\n+000459a0: 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f ere it.boots fro\n+000459b0: 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 m. \"disk\" means\n+000459c0: 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 the detection i\n+000459d0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 s limited to det\n+000459e0: 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a ecting the disk.\n+000459f0: 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 with partition b\n+00045a00: 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 eing discovered \n+00045a10: 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e on install time.\n+00045a20: 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 \"partition\" me\n+00045a30: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e ans that.disk an\n+00045a40: 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 d partiton can b\n+00045a50: 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e automatically \n+00045a60: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 discovered. \"fi\n+00045a70: 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 le\" means that.b\n+00045a80: 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e oot image file n\n+00045a90: 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 ame as well as d\n+00045aa0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f isk and partitio\n+00045ab0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 n can be discove\n+00045ac0: 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 red..For consist\n+00045ad0: 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e ency, default in\n+00045ae0: 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 stall ignores pa\n+00045af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 rtition and reli\n+00045b00: 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 es solely on.dis\n+00045b10: 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 k detection. If\n+00045b20: 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no bootlocation\n+00045b30: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 discovery is av\n+00045b40: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 ailable or boot \n+00045b50: 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 and.grub-root di\n+00045b60: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e sks are differen\n+00045b70: 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 t, UUID is used \n+00045b80: 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 instead. On ARC\n+00045b90: 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f if no.device to\n+00045ba0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 install to is s\n+00045bb0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 pecified, UUID i\n+00045bc0: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 s used instead a\n+00045bd0: 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s well... \n+00045be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 Coreboot \n+00045c00: 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Multiboot \n+00045c10: 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 Qemu.video \n+00045c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c yes.consol\n+00045c60: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 e CP437 \n+00045c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n+00045c80: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045c90: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 CP437.char\n+00045ca0: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n+00045cb0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00045cc0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045cd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045ce0: 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00045cf0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d00: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045d20: 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 es.AT keyboard \n+00045d30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045d60: 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 es.Speaker \n+00045d70: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d80: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045d90: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045da0: 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.USB \n+00045db0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dc0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045de0: 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 es.chainloader \n+00045df0: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00045e00: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045e10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00045e20: 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.cpuid \n+00045e30: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e40: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00045e50: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+00045e60: 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 rtial.rdmsr \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00045e90: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ea0: 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yes.\n+00045fb0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 compression a\n+00045fc0: 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f lways po\n+00045fd0: 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 intless no \n+00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n+00045ff0: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 xit ye\n+00046000: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f no.bo\n+00046030: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 otlocation dis\n+00046040: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 k no \n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 no.. \n+00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n+00046080: 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 2 EFI amd6\n+00046090: 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4 EFI ia32 \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 Itaniu\n+000460b0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n 000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 IEE\n-000460e0: 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 E1275.video \n-000460f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046110: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046120: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046130: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046140: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-00046150: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046160: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 Unicode.charset\n-00046170: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n-00046180: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046190: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000461a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000461b0: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n-000461c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000461d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-000461e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-000461f0: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n-00046200: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046210: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 no.S\n-00046230: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 peaker ye\n-00046240: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 no.US\n-00046270: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 B yes\n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n-000462b0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 inloader loca\n-000462c0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f63 616c l local\n-000462d0: 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6f6f 6420 2020 good \n-000463e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 guess.PC\n-000463f0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 no.bad\n-00046430: 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ram yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d yes.com\n-00046470: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 pression no \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 no.exit\n-000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 yes.boot\n-000464f0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2066 696c 6520 location file \n-00046500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 file \n-00046510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 652c 2020 file, \n-00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 file. \n+000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+000460e0: 4545 4531 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 EEE1275.video \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046120: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 Unicode \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 Unicode \n+00046150: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046160: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 Unicode.chars\n+00046170: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n+00046180: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046190: 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6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000465d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000465e0: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n-000465f0: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046600: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ASCII A\n-00046610: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 SCII AS\n-00046620: 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 CII.charset.netw\n-00046630: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ork no \n-00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a yes (*\n-00046650: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00046670: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n-000466b0: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n-000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046700: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046720: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046740: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046750: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046760: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n-00046770: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n-00046780: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046790: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467a0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-000467b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467d0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467e0: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-000467f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046800: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046810: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046820: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046830: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046850: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046860: 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046870: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046880: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046890: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e good n\n-000468a0: 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.PCI \n-000468b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000468c0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000468d0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000468e0: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n-000468f0: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n-00046900: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046920: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 compression c\n-00046930: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f onfigurable no\n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n-00046960: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 igurable.exit \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 yes.bootloc\n-000469b0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n-000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 file (*).. \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 MI\n-00046a00: 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 PS qemu emu\n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a xen.\n-00046a20: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e video n\n-00046a30: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046a40: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046a50: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 console C\n-00046a60: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e P437 Un\n-00046a70: 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 icode (*) ASC\n-00046a80: 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f II.charset.netwo\n-00046a90: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 rk no \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n-00046ac0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n-00046af0: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n-00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n-00046b20: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n-00046b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 N/A \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n-00046b80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 loader yes \n-00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 yes.cpui\n-00046bb0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 d no \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d yes.rdm\n-00046be0: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 yes.wr\n-00046c10: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-00046c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 yes.h\n-00046c40: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n-00046c50: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 ess no \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 no.P\n-00046c70: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f CI no\n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-00046ca0: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n-00046cb0: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046cd0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f ompression co\n-00046ce0: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 nfigurable no \n-00046cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n-00046d00: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f xit no\n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-00046d30: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f ootlocation no\n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c fil\n-00046d50: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a e no..\n-00046d60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00046d70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f o, Node: Platfo\n-00046d80: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n-00046d90: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 ations, Next: S\n-00046da0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n-00046db0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n-00046dc0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n-00046dd0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 746c Up: Top..21 Outl\n-00046de0: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ine.**********..\n-00046df0: 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 Some platforms h\n-00046e00: 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 ave features whi\n-00046e10: 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 ch allows to imp\n-00046e20: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d lement some comm\n-00046e30: 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 ands.useless or \n-00046e40: 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c not implementabl\n-00046e50: 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 e on others... \n-00046e60: 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a Quick summary:.\n-00046e70: 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 . Information \n-00046e80: 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 retrieval:.. .\n-00046e90: 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 .. mipsel-loongs\n-00046ea0: 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 on: lsspd. ...\n-00046eb0: 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 mips-arc: lsdev\n-00046ec0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a 206c 7365 . ... efi: lse\n-00046ed0: 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c fisystab, lssal,\n-00046ee0: 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 lsefimmap, lsef\n-00046ef0: 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 i. ... i386-pc\n-00046f00: 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 : lsapm. ... i\n-00046f10: 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 386-coreboot: ls\n-00046f20: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 626f coreboot, corebo\n-00046f30: 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 626d ot_boottime, cbm\n-00046f40: 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d emc. ... acpi-\n-00046f50: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 enabled (i386-pc\n-00046f60: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n-00046f70: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c i386-multiboot,\n-00046f80: 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 *-efi):. ls\n-00046f90: 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 726f acpi.. Workaro\n-00046fa0: 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 unds for platfor\n-00046fb0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 m-specific issue\n-00046fc0: 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d65 s:. ... i386-e\n-00046fd0: 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c fi/x86_64-efi: l\n-00046fe0: 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f oadbios, fakebio\n-00046ff0: 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 s, fix_video. \n-00047000: e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 ... acpi-enabled\n-00047010: 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d (i386-pc, i386-\n-00047020: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n-00047030: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 ultiboot, *-efi)\n-00047040: 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 : acpi. (ove\n-00047050: 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 rride ACPI table\n-00047060: 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 s). ... i386-p\n-00047070: 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 20e2 c: drivemap. .\n-00047080: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 .. i386-pc: send\n-00047090: 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 key.. Advanced\n-000470a0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 operations for \n-000470b0: 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 power users:. \n-000470c0: e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 ... x86: iorw (d\n-000470d0: 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 irect access to \n-000470e0: 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d I/O ports).. M\n-000470f0: 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 iscelaneous:. \n-00047100: e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c ... cmos (x86-*,\n-00047110: 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d ieee1275, mips-\n-00047120: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d qemu_mips, mips-\n-00047130: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 loongson): cmost\n-00047140: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f est. (used o\n-00047150: 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 n some laptops t\n-00047160: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 o check for spec\n-00047170: 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 ial power-on key\n-00047180: 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 ), cmosclean. \n-00047190: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 ... i386-pc: pla\n-000471a0: 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e y....File: grub.\n-000471b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 info, Node: Sup\n-000471c0: 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 ported kernels, \n-000471d0: 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Next: Troublesh\n-000471e0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 ooting, Prev: P\n-000471f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00047200: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 operations, Up\n-00047210: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 6f72 : Top..22 Suppor\n-00047220: 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 ted boot targets\n-00047230: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 **********..X86 \n-00047250: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6d61 support is summa\n-00047260: 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c rised in the fol\n-00047270: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 lowing table. \"\n-00047280: 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 Yes\" means that \n-00047290: 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 the.kernel works\n-000472a0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 706c on the given pl\n-000472b0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 6573 atform, \"crashes\n-000472c0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 6c79 \" means an early\n-000472d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 7768 kernel.crash wh\n-000472e0: 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c ich we hope will\n-000472f0: 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 6f6e be fixed by con\n-00047300: 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 cerned kernel de\n-00047310: 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a velopers. \"no\".\n-00047320: 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e means GRUB doesn\n-00047330: 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 7665 't load the give\n-00047340: 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 6769 n kernel on a gi\n-00047350: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 ven platform..\"h\n-00047360: 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 eadless\" means t\n-00047370: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 hat the kernel w\n-00047380: 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 2063 orks but lacks c\n-00047390: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 2028 onsole drivers (\n-000473a0: 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 7573 you.can still us\n-000473b0: 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 7477 e serial or netw\n-000473c0: 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 ork console). I\n-000473d0: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 2061 n case of \"no\" a\n-000473e0: 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 6865 nd \"crashes\".the\n-000473f0: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e reason is given\n-00047400: 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 in footnote.. \n+00046550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f igno\n+00046560: 7265 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 red.. \n+00046570: 2020 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 Loongson \n+00046580: 2020 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n+00046590: 2020 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 Powerpc \n+000465a0: 2041 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 ARC.video \n+000465b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000465d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465e0: 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 no.console \n+000465f0: 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046600: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046610: 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n+00046620: 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 ASCII.charset.ne\n+00046630: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 twork no \n+00046640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046650: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 (*) yes \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00046670: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b no.AT k\n+000466b0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+000466f0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n+00046700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046720: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 no.USB \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f no.chainlo\n+00046770: 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ader yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 no.cpuid \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046800: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046810: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046820: 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046830: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046860: 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046870: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046880: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046890: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+000468a0: 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+000468b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468c0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468e0: 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+000468f0: 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046900: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046910: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046920: 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 o.compression \n+00046930: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 configurable \n+00046940: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046950: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f o co\n+00046960: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 nfigurable.exit \n+00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c yes.bootl\n+000469b0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ocation no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 partiti\n+000469d0: 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 on file \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a file (*).\n+000469f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00046a00: 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 MIPS qemu e\n+00046a10: 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 mu xe\n+00046a20: 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n.video \n+00046a30: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a40: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046a50: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n+00046a60: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046a70: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 Unicode (*) A\n+00046a80: 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 SCII.charset.net\n+00046a90: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 work no \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n+00046ac0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n+00046ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n+00046af0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n+00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 no.Spe\n+00046b20: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 aker no \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 no.USB\n+00046b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 N/A \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n+00046b80: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 inloader yes \n+00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 yes.cp\n+00046bb0: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 uid no \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 yes.r\n+00046be0: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f dmsr no\n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00046c10: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e wrmsr n\n+00046c20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046c40: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n+00046c50: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e guess n\n+00046c60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046c70: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n+00046c80: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046c90: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046ca0: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n+00046cb0: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n+00046cc0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046cd0: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n+00046ce0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e configurable n\n+00046cf0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046d00: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n+00046d10: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046d20: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046d30: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n+00046d40: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 no f\n+00046d50: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ile no\n+00046d60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00046d70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 nfo, Node: Plat\n+00046d80: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n+00046d90: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a erations, Next:\n+00046da0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n+00046db0: 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 ls, Prev: Platf\n+00046dc0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c orm limitations,\n+00046dd0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 4f75 Up: Top..21 Ou\n+00046de0: 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tline.**********\n+00046df0: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ..Some platforms\n+00046e00: 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 have features w\n+00046e10: 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 hich allows to i\n+00046e20: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f mplement some co\n+00046e30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f mmands.useless o\n+00046e40: 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 r not implementa\n+00046e50: 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a ble on others...\n+00046e60: 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Quick summary\n+00046e70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f :.. Informatio\n+00046e80: 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 n retrieval:.. \n+00046e90: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e ... mipsel-loon\n+00046ea0: 6773 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 20e2 gson: lsspd. .\n+00046eb0: 80a2 206d 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 .. mips-arc: lsd\n+00046ec0: 6576 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6566 693a 206c ev. ... efi: l\n+00046ed0: 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 sefisystab, lssa\n+00046ee0: 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 l, lsefimmap, ls\n+00046ef0: 6566 690a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d efi. ... i386-\n+00046f00: 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 20e2 80a2 pc: lsapm. ...\n+00046f10: 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 i386-coreboot: \n+00046f20: 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f 7265 lscoreboot, core\n+00046f30: 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c 2063 boot_boottime, c\n+00046f40: 626d 656d 630a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 bmemc. ... acp\n+00046f50: 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d i-enabled (i386-\n+00046f60: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f pc, i386-coreboo\n+00046f70: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n+00046f80: 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 t, *-efi):. \n+00046f90: 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 lsacpi.. Worka\n+00046fa0: 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 rounds for platf\n+00046fb0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 orm-specific iss\n+00046fc0: 7565 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 ues:. ... i386\n+00046fd0: 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a -efi/x86_64-efi:\n+00046fe0: 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 loadbios, fakeb\n+00046ff0: 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 ios, fix_video. \n+00047000: 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c ... acpi-enabl\n+00047010: 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 ed (i386-pc, i38\n+00047020: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+00047030: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 -multiboot, *-ef\n+00047040: 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f i): acpi. (o\n+00047050: 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 verride ACPI tab\n+00047060: 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 les). ... i386\n+00047070: 2d70 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 -pc: drivemap. \n+00047080: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 ... i386-pc: se\n+00047090: 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 ndkey.. Advanc\n+000470a0: 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ed operations fo\n+000470b0: 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 r power users:. \n+000470c0: 2020 e280 a220 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 ... x86: iorw \n+000470d0: 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 (direct access t\n+000470e0: 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 o I/O ports).. \n+000470f0: 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 Miscelaneous:. \n+00047100: 2020 e280 a220 636d 6f73 2028 7838 362d ... cmos (x86-\n+00047110: 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c 206d 6970 *, ieee1275, mip\n+00047120: 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c 206d 6970 s-qemu_mips, mip\n+00047130: 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f s-loongson): cmo\n+00047140: 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6564 stest. (used\n+00047150: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7073 on some laptops\n+00047160: 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 7370 to check for sp\n+00047170: 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b ecial power-on k\n+00047180: 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 ey), cmosclean. \n+00047190: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2070 ... i386-pc: p\n+000471a0: 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 lay....File: gru\n+000471b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+000471c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n+000471d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 , Next: Trouble\n+000471e0: 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a shooting, Prev:\n+000471f0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n+00047200: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n+00047210: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 5375 7070 Up: Top..22 Supp\n+00047220: 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 orted boot targe\n+00047230: 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ts.*************\n+00047240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5838 ************..X8\n+00047250: 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 756d 6 support is sum\n+00047260: 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 marised in the f\n+00047270: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 ollowing table. \n+00047280: 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 \"Yes\" means tha\n+00047290: 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 t the.kernel wor\n+000472a0: 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ks on the given \n+000472b0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 7368 platform, \"crash\n+000472c0: 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 6172 es\" means an ear\n+000472d0: 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 6820 ly kernel.crash \n+000472e0: 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 7769 which we hope wi\n+000472f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 2063 ll be fixed by c\n+00047300: 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 oncerned kernel \n+00047310: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 6e6f developers. \"no\n+00047320: 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 6f65 \".means GRUB doe\n+00047330: 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6769 sn't load the gi\n+00047340: 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 6120 ven kernel on a \n+00047350: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a given platform..\n+00047360: 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 6e73 \"headless\" means\n+00047370: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c that the kernel\n+00047380: 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 6b73 works but lacks\n+00047390: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 7273 console drivers\n+000473a0: 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c 6c20 (you.can still \n+000473b0: 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 6e65 use serial or ne\n+000473c0: 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2e20 twork console). \n+000473d0: 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e 6f22 In case of \"no\"\n+000473e0: 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 0a74 and \"crashes\".t\n+000473f0: 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 he reason is giv\n+00047400: 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2e0a en in footnote..\n 00047410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047430: 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00047440: 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 494f Coreboot.BIO\n-00047450: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n+00047430: 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00047440: 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 0a42 Coreboot.B\n+00047450: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n 00047460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047470: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047480: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 no (1).NTLDR \n-00047490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-000474b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000474c0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047470: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047480: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n+00047490: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n+000474a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000474b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000474c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 000474d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000474f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047500: 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 2020 (1).Freedos \n+000474e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000474f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+00047500: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 2020 o (1).Freedos \n 00047510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047540: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n-00047550: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047560: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00047580: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n-00047590: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-000475c0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n-000475d0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047600: 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e es (5).32-bit kN\n-00047610: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047640: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (1).64-bit \n-00047650: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047670: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n-00047680: 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f rashes.32-bit kO\n-00047690: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000476c0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n-00047700: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot \n+00047520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047540: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+00047550: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00047560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00047580: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00047590: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+000475a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+000475c0: 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 es (5).64-bit kF\n+000475d0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000475f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00047600: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (5).32-bit \n+00047610: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047630: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+00047640: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n+00047650: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047670: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047680: 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 crashes.32-bit \n+00047690: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000476b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+000476c0: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.64-bit kOpenB\n+000476d0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000476f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n+00047700: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n 00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047720: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047730: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 yes.Multiboot2 \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047770: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 2-bit Linux (leg\n-00047780: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00047790: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n-000477b0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-000477c0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000477d0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 no (1).32-bit \n-000477f0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00047800: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-00047810: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047820: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.64-bit Linux \n-00047830: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00047840: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00047860: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+00047720: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047730: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n+00047740: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047770: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n+00047780: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00047790: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n+000477b0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+000477c0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+000477d0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n+000477f0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00047800: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00047810: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n+00047830: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00047840: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+00047860: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n 00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047880: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.64-bit XNU \n-000478a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n-000478d0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-000478e0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000478f0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047900: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n-00047910: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00047920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047930: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047940: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 no (2).Appleload\n-00047950: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047970: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047980: 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n+00047880: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n+000478a0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+000478d0: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+000478e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047900: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n+00047910: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+00047920: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047930: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047940: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f no (2).Applelo\n+00047950: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00047960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047970: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n+00047980: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2).. \n 00047990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 Multib\n-000479b0: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a oot Qemu.\n-000479c0: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-000479d0: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-000479e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n-00047a00: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+000479a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 Mult\n+000479b0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 656d iboot Qem\n+000479c0: 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 u.BIOS chainload\n+000479d0: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n+00047a00: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047a30: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n-00047a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047a60: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047a70: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n+00047a40: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a60: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047a70: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 no (1).FreeDOS\n 00047a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047aa0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047ab0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n-00047ac0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00047ae0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 (1) crashe\n-00047af0: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n-00047b00: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00047b20: 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (5) cras\n-00047b30: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).64-bit k\n-00047b40: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00047b60: 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (5) cr\n-00047b70: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-00047b80: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00047ba0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n-00047bb0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n-00047bc0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047aa0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047ab0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n+00047ac0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00047ae0: 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 es (1) cras\n+00047af0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n+00047b00: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n+00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00047b20: 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (5) cr\n+00047b30: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (5).64-bit\n+00047b40: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00047b60: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 rashes (5) \n+00047b70: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n+00047b80: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047ba0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047bb0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n+00047bc0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n 00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047be0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047bf0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.32-bit kOp\n-00047c00: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047c30: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 64-bit kOpenBSD \n-00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n-00047c70: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n-00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047c90: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047ca0: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 yes.Multiboot2 \n+00047be0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b yes.32-bit k\n+00047c00: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047c30: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.64-bit kOpenBS\n+00047c40: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n+00047c70: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c90: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047ca0: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 yes.Multiboot2\n 00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00047ce0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00047cf0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00047d00: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d10: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n-00047d20: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n-00047d30: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047d40: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047d50: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n-00047d60: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-00047d70: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047d90: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.64-bit Linux (\n-00047da0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00047dd0: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047ce0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 32-bit Linux (le\n+00047cf0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047d10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n+00047d20: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n+00047d30: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n+00047d40: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047d50: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 no (1).32-bit\n+00047d60: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+00047d70: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+00047d80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047d90: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.64-bit Linux\n+00047da0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+00047db0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00047dd0: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n 00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047df0: 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e00: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00047df0: 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.64-bit XNU\n 00047e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n-00047e40: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00047e50: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00047e60: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047e70: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (2).64-bit \n-00047e80: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00047e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00047ea0: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n-00047eb0: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n-00047ec0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047ee0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047ef0: 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2).. \n+00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 ? \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00047e40: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00047e50: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00047e60: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 no (2).64-bi\n+00047e80: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+00047e90: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00047ea0: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047eb0: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 no (2).Appleloa\n+00047ec0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n+00047ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047ee0: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047ef0: 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (2).. \n 00047f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 ia32 EF\n-00047f20: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 I amd64 \n-00047f30: 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f EFI.BIOS chainlo\n-00047f40: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n-00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047f70: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n+00047f20: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 EFI amd6\n+00047f30: 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 4 EFI.BIOS chain\n+00047f40: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n+00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047f60: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047f70: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n-00047fb0: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047fb0: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047fe0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n-00047ff0: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00047ff0: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n 00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048010: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048020: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n-00048030: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00048050: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00048060: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n-00048070: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n-00048090: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n-000480a0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 headless.64-bit \n-000480b0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n-000480d0: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n-000480e0: 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b eadless.32-bit k\n-000480f0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00048110: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00048120: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (1).64-bit\n-00048130: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00048150: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048160: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.32-bit kOpen\n-00048170: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-00048190: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n-000481a0: 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 ss.64-bit kOpenB\n-000481b0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000481d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-000481e0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n+00048010: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048020: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n+00048030: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00048050: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00048060: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n+00048070: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048090: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000480a0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 headless.64-bi\n+000480b0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480d0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+000480e0: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 6974 headless.32-bit\n+000480f0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00048110: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00048120: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n+00048130: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048150: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048160: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.32-bit kOp\n+00048170: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n+00048190: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n+000481a0: 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 less.64-bit kOpe\n+000481b0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+000481d0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+000481e0: 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 ess.Multiboot \n 000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n-00048220: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00048210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n+00048220: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n 00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048240: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048250: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n-00048260: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00048270: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00048280: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048290: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n-000482a0: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-000482b0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n-000482c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-000482d0: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n-000482e0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-000482f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-00048310: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-00048320: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-00048330: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00048340: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n+00048240: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048250: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c yes.32-bit L\n+00048260: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n+00048270: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n+00048280: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00048290: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n+000482a0: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+000482b0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+000482c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+000482d0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n+000482e0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00048310: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n+00048320: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00048330: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048340: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.32-bit XNU\n 00048350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n-00048380: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048380: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n 00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 2020 yes (4) \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 yes.32-bit E\n-000483c0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000483f0: 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (3).64-bit EFI \n-00048400: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 no (3)\n-00048420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-00048430: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 2020 yes (4) \n+000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+000483c0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000483e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000483f0: 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (3).64-bit EF\n+00048400: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048420: 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 3) yes\n+00048430: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n 00048440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048450: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048460: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00048490: 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 494f a32 IEEE1275.BIO\n-000484a0: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n+00048480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048490: 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a42 ia32 IEEE1275.B\n+000484a0: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n 000484b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+000484c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 no (1).NTLDR\n 000484d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000484f0: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000484f0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048520: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n+00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048520: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-00048550: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n-00048560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048570: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n-00048580: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00048550: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+00048560: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00048570: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00048580: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n 00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485a0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n-000485b0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n+000485a0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+000485b0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n 000485c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-000485e0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+000485e0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n 000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00048610: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n-00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 206b ?.32-bit k\n-00048640: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n-00048660: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n+00048610: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n+00048620: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+00048640: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00048660: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .64-bit kOpenBSD\n 00048670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048680: 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 ?.Multiboot \n-00048690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c ?.Mul\n-000486b0: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ?.Multiboo\n+00048690: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d ?.M\n+000486b0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n 000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486d0: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 ?.32-bit Linux\n-000486e0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-000486f0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a l) no (1).\n-00048700: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n-00048710: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00048720: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n-00048730: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00048740: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048750: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 ?.64-bit Linux \n-00048760: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00048770: 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ) ?.32-bit\n-00048780: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-000487a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e ?.32-bit Lin\n+000486e0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+000486f0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00048700: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+00048710: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00048720: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n+00048730: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00048740: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00048750: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 ?.64-bit Linu\n+00048760: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+00048770: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ol) ?.32-b\n+00048780: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487a0: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n 000487b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n-000487d0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000487e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000487f0: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n-00048800: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n-00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00048820: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+000487d0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+000487e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000487f0: 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (2).64-bit EFI\n+00048800: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00048820: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00048830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048840: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2031 no (2).. 1\n-00048850: 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 530a . Requires BIOS.\n-00048860: 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2. EFI only. \n-00048870: 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3634 3. 32-bit and 64\n-00048880: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 6469 -bit EFI have di\n-00048890: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 fferent structur\n-000488a0: 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 es and work in. \n-000488b0: 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 4350 different CP\n-000488c0: 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 7320 U modes so it's \n-000488d0: 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 not possible to \n-000488e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 6974 chainload 32-bit\n-000488f0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 . bootloader\n-00048900: 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 7466 on 64-bit platf\n-00048910: 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 orm and vice-ver\n-00048920: 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 sa. 4. Some mod\n-00048930: 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 746f ules may need to\n-00048940: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 2035 be disabled. 5\n-00048950: 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 490a . Requires ACPI.\n-00048960: 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 4136 . PowerPC, IA6\n-00048970: 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 706f 4 and Sparc64 po\n-00048980: 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 rts support only\n-00048990: 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 706f Linux. MIPS po\n-000489a0: 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 rt.supports Linu\n-000489b0: 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 x and multiboot2\n-000489c0: 2e0a 0a32 322e 3120 426f 6f74 2074 6573 ...22.1 Boot tes\n-000489d0: 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ts.=============\n-000489e0: 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 ==..As you have \n-000489f0: 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 seen in previous\n-00048a00: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 6865 2073 7570 chapter the sup\n-00048a10: 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 7820 6973 2070 port matrix is p\n-00048a20: 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a 616e 6420 736f retty big.and so\n-00048a30: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 me of the config\n-00048a40: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206f 6e6c urations are onl\n-00048a50: 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 642e 2020 y rarely used. \n-00048a60: 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 650a 7175 To ensure the.qu\n-00048a70: 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 ality bootchecks\n-00048a80: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 are available f\n-00048a90: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 6172 6765 or all x86 targe\n-00048aa0: 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 490a 6368 ts except EFI.ch\n-00048ab0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 7070 6c65 ainloader, Apple\n-00048ac0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 loader and XNU. \n-00048ad0: 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 666f 726d All x86 platform\n-00048ae0: 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b s have bootcheck\n-00048af0: 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 7074 .facility except\n-00048b00: 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 ieee1275. Mult\n-00048b10: 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 iboot, multiboot\n-00048b20: 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 2, BIOS chainloa\n-00048b30: 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2066 der,.ntldr and f\n-00048b40: 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reebsd-bootloade\n-00048b50: 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 r boot targets a\n-00048b60: 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 re tested only w\n-00048b70: 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 ith a fake.kerne\n-00048b80: 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 l images. Only \n-00048b90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 6420 Linux is tested \n-00048ba0: 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c 6f61 among the payloa\n-00048bb0: 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 0a70 ds using Linux.p\n-00048bc0: 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f rotocols... Fo\n-00048bd0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 llowing variable\n-00048be0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 s must be define\n-00048bf0: 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 d:..GRUB_PAYLOAD\n-00048c00: 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 S_DIR direc\n-00048c10: 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tory containing \n-00048c20: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b 6572 the required ker\n-00048c30: 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 544f nels.GRUB_CBFSTO\n-00048c40: 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 6673 OL cbfs\n-00048c50: 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 626f tool from Corebo\n-00048c60: 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f 7220 ot package (for \n-00048c70: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 coreboot. \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n+00048850: 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 494f 1. Requires BIO\n+00048860: 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c 790a S. 2. EFI only.\n+00048870: 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e 6420 3. 32-bit and \n+00048880: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 6520 64-bit EFI have \n+00048890: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 6374 different struct\n+000488a0: 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e ures and work in\n+000488b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 . different \n+000488c0: 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 7427 CPU modes so it'\n+000488d0: 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 s not possible t\n+000488e0: 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 2d62 o chainload 32-b\n+000488f0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 it. bootload\n+00048900: 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 6c61 er on 64-bit pla\n+00048910: 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 tform and vice-v\n+00048920: 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 206d ersa. 4. Some m\n+00048930: 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 odules may need \n+00048940: 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 0a20 to be disabled. \n+00048950: 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 4350 5. Requires ACP\n+00048960: 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c 2049 I.. PowerPC, I\n+00048970: 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 3420 A64 and Sparc64 \n+00048980: 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e ports support on\n+00048990: 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 5320 ly Linux. 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All x86 platfo\n+00048ae0: 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 rms have bootche\n+00048af0: 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 6365 ck.facility exce\n+00048b00: 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 4d75 pt ieee1275. Mu\n+00048b10: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 626f ltiboot, multibo\n+00048b20: 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c ot2, BIOS chainl\n+00048b30: 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 oader,.ntldr and\n+00048b40: 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c 6f61 freebsd-bootloa\n+00048b50: 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 7473 der boot targets\n+00048b60: 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 are tested only\n+00048b70: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b 6572 with a fake.ker\n+00048b80: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e6c nel images. Onl\n+00048b90: 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 7465 y Linux is teste\n+00048ba0: 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 796c d among the payl\n+00048bb0: 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e 7578 oads using Linux\n+00048bc0: 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 .protocols... \n+00048bd0: 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 Following variab\n+00048be0: 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 6669 les must be defi\n+00048bf0: 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 4c4f ned:..GRUB_PAYLO\n+00048c00: 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 6972 ADS_DIR dir\n+00048c10: 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ectory containin\n+00048c20: 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 206b g the required k\n+00048c30: 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 4653 ernels.GRUB_CBFS\n+00048c40: 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6362 TOOL cb\n+00048c50: 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f 7265 fstool from Core\n+00048c60: 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 666f boot package (fo\n+00048c70: 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r coreboot. \n 00048c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048c90: 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 platform only).G\n-00048ca0: 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d RUB_COREBOOT_ROM\n-00048cb0: 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f 7265 empty Core\n-00048cc0: 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f 5145 boot ROM.GRUB_QE\n-00048cd0: 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 MU_OPTS \n-00048ce0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 696f additional optio\n-00048cf0: 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c 6965 ns to be supplie\n-00048d00: 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 5265 d to QEMU.. Re\n-00048d10: 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 quired files are\n-00048d20: 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e :..kfreebsd_env.\n-00048d30: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 i386 \n-00048d40: 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 32-bit kFreeBSD\n-00048d50: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 device hints.kf\n-00048d60: 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 reebsd.i386 \n-00048d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n-00048d80: 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 it FreeBSD kerne\n-00048d90: 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 l image.kfreebsd\n-00048da0: 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 2020 .x86_64, \n-00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 same from \n-00048dc0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 440a 64-bit kFreeBSD.\n-00048dd0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 kfreebsd_env.x86\n-00048de0: 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 3836 _64.knetbsd.i386\n-00048df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048e00: 2020 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365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.x86_64 \n-00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d same from\n-00048f10: 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 64-bit kOpenBSD\n-00048f20: 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 .linux.i386 \n-00048f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00048f40: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 2-bit Linux.linu\n-00048f50: 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 x.x86_64 \n-00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 6974 64-bit\n-00048f70: 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 Linux....File: \n-00048f80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00048f90: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n-00048fa0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 g, Next: User-s\n-00048fb0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 pace utilities, \n-00048fc0: 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 Prev: Supported\n-00048fd0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 kernels, Up: T\n-00048fe0: 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d 6573 op..23 Error mes\n-00048ff0: 7361 6765 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 2062 sages produced b\n-00049000: 7920 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a y GRUB.*********\n+00048c90: 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c 7929 platform only)\n+00048ca0: 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 5f52 .GRUB_COREBOOT_R\n+00048cb0: 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 436f OM empty Co\n+00048cc0: 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 425f reboot ROM.GRUB_\n+00048cd0: 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 2020 QEMU_OPTS \n+00048ce0: 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 7074 additional opt\n+00048cf0: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 706c ions to be suppl\n+00048d00: 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 2020 ied to QEMU.. \n+00048d10: 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c 6573 2061 Required files a\n+00048d20: 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e re:..kfreebsd_en\n+00048d30: 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v.i386 \n+00048d40: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 32-bit kFreeB\n+00048d50: 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 6e74 730a SD device hints.\n+00048d60: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 kfreebsd.i386 \n+00048d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+00048d80: 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 -bit FreeBSD ker\n+00048d90: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 7265 6562 nel image.kfreeb\n+00048da0: 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 sd.x86_64, \n+00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f same fro\n+00048dc0: 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 m 64-bit kFreeBS\n+00048dd0: 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e78 D.kfreebsd_env.x\n+00048de0: 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6933 86_64.knetbsd.i3\n+00048df0: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n+00048e00: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 6574 4253 32-bit NetBS\n+00048e10: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b D kernel image.k\n+00048e20: 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e netbsd.miniroot.\n+00048e30: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d i386 32-\n+00048e40: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 6d69 6e69 bit kNetBSD mini\n+00048e50: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b 6e65 7462 root.kmod..knetb\n+00048e60: 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 2020 sd.x86_64, \n+00048e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 same fr\n+00048e80: 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 om 64-bit kNetBS\n+00048e90: 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f D.knetbsd.miniro\n+00048ea0: 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f 7065 6e62 ot.x86_64.kopenb\n+00048eb0: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204f 32-bit O\n+00048ed0: 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6273 penBSD kernel bs\n+00048ee0: 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6f70 656e d.rd image.kopen\n+00048ef0: 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 bsd.x86_64 \n+00048f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 same fr\n+00048f10: 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 om 64-bit kOpenB\n+00048f20: 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 2020 SD.linux.i386 \n+00048f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048f40: 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 6c69 32-bit Linux.li\n+00048f50: 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 2020 nux.x86_64 \n+00048f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 2d62 64-b\n+00048f70: 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 it Linux....File\n+00048f80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00048f90: 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 de: Troubleshoot\n+00048fa0: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 6572 ing, Next: User\n+00048fb0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00048fc0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7570 706f 7274 , Prev: Support\n+00048fd0: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 2055 703a ed kernels, Up:\n+00048fe0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2045 7272 6f72 206d Top..23 Error m\n+00048ff0: 6573 7361 6765 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6564 essages produced\n+00049000: 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a by GRUB.*******\n 00049010: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n-00049030: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 u:..* GRUB only \n-00049040: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n-00049050: 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d 7761 shell::.* Firmwa\n-00049060: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n-00049070: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n-00049080: 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 B::....File: gru\n-00049090: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-000490a0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000490b0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000490c0: 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 Next: Firmware \n-000490d0: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n-000490e0: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 f booting GRUB, \n-000490f0: 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f Up: Troubleshoo\n-00049100: 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 4220 ting..23.1 GRUB \n-00049110: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-00049120: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d scue shell.=====\n+00049020: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+00049030: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c enu:..* GRUB onl\n+00049040: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n+00049050: 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4669 726d e shell::.* Firm\n+00049060: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00049070: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00049080: 5255 423a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 RUB::....File: g\n+00049090: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000490a0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+000490b0: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+000490c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Next: Firmwar\n+000490d0: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+000490e0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+000490f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 , Up: Troublesh\n+00049100: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e31 2047 5255 ooting..23.1 GRU\n+00049110: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+00049120: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d rescue shell.===\n 00049130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00049150: 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 2073 .GRUB's normal s\n-00049160: 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 6564 7572 tart-up procedur\n-00049170: 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 6574 7469 e involves setti\n-00049180: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 ng the ...prefix\n-00049190: e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ....environment \n-000491a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 7661 variable to a va\n-000491b0: 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2063 lue set in the c\n-000491c0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 20e2 8098 ore image by ...\n-000491d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992c grub-install...,\n-000491e0: 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .setting the ...\n-000491f0: 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root... variable\n-00049200: 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c 6f61 6469 to match, loadi\n-00049210: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ng the ...normal\n-00049220: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f 6d0a ... module from.\n-00049230: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e 6420 the prefix, and \n-00049240: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e running the ...n\n-00049250: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ormal... command\n-00049260: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n-00049270: 292e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ). This.command\n-00049280: 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 is responsible \n-00049290: 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 e280 982f for reading .../\n-000492a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-000492b0: 6667 e280 992c 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 fg..., running t\n-000492c0: 6865 0a6d 656e 752c 2061 6e64 2064 6f69 he.menu, and doi\n-000492d0: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2075 7365 6675 ng all the usefu\n-000492e0: 6c20 7468 696e 6773 2047 5255 4220 6973 l things GRUB is\n-000492f0: 2073 7570 706f 7365 6420 746f 2064 6f2e supposed to do.\n-00049300: 0a0a 2020 2049 662c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 .. If, instead\n-00049310: 2c20 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 2067 6574 2061 , you only get a\n-00049320: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2074 rescue shell, t\n-00049330: 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d65 616e his usually mean\n-00049340: 7320 7468 6174 0a47 5255 4220 6661 696c s that.GRUB fail\n-00049350: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 ed to load the .\n-00049360: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00049370: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 le for some reas\n-00049380: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 0a70 on. It may be.p\n-00049390: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b20 ossible to work \n-000493a0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2074 6869 7320 7465 6d70 around this temp\n-000493b0: 6f72 6172 696c 793a 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 orarily: for ins\n-000493c0: 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 7265 tance, if the re\n-000493d0: 6173 6f6e 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2066 6169 ason.for the fai\n-000493e0: 6c75 7265 2069 7320 7468 6174 20e2 8098 lure is that ...\n-000493f0: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6973 2077 726f prefix... is wro\n-00049400: 6e67 2028 7065 7268 6170 7320 6974 2072 ng (perhaps it r\n-00049410: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 0a77 726f efers to the.wro\n-00049420: 6e67 2064 6576 6963 652c 206f 7220 7065 ng device, or pe\n-00049430: 7268 6170 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 2074 rhaps the path t\n-00049440: 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 o .../boot/grub.\n-00049450: 8099 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 .. was not corre\n-00049460: 6374 6c79 206d 6164 650a 7265 6c61 7469 ctly made.relati\n-00049470: 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ve to the device\n-00049480: 292c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ), then you can \n-00049490: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7468 6973 2061 6e64 correct this and\n-000494a0: 2065 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f enter normal mo\n-000494b0: 6465 0a6d 616e 7561 6c6c 793a 0a0a 2020 de.manually:.. \n-000494c0: 2020 2023 2049 6e73 7065 6374 2074 6865 # Inspect the\n-000494d0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 7265 6669 7820 current prefix \n-000494e0: 2861 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2070 7265 7365 (and other prese\n-000494f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7329 3a0a 2020 t variables):. \n-00049500: 2020 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4669 set. # Fi\n-00049510: 6e64 206f 7574 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 nd out which dev\n-00049520: 6963 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ices are availab\n-00049530: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 730a 2020 2020 le:. ls. \n-00049540: 2023 2053 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f # Set to the co\n-00049550: 7272 6563 7420 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 rrect value, whi\n-00049560: 6368 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736f 6d65 ch might be some\n-00049570: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a thing like this:\n-00049580: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 . set prefix\n-00049590: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 2f67 7275 620a 2020 =(hd0,1)/grub. \n-000495a0: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 set root=(hd0\n-000495b0: 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 ,1). insmod \n-000495c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d normal. norm\n-000495d0: 616c 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 al.. However, \n-000495e0: 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 6174 any problem that\n-000495f0: 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e 2074 leaves you in t\n-00049600: 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 he rescue shell \n-00049610: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 probably.means t\n-00049620: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e 6f74 hat GRUB was not\n-00049630: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 correctly insta\n-00049640: 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 6265 lled. It may be\n-00049650: 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f0a more useful to.\n-00049660: 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 6c6c try to reinstall\n-00049670: 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 7369 it properly usi\n-00049680: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ng ...grub-insta\n-00049690: 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e ll DEVICE... (*n\n-000496a0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 ote Invoking.gru\n-000496b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2057 b-install::). W\n-000496c0: 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 hen doing this, \n-000496d0: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 there are a few \n-000496e0: 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 things to rememb\n-000496f0: 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 6976 er:.. ... Driv\n-00049700: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 796f e ordering in yo\n-00049710: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n-00049720: 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2074 tem may not be t\n-00049730: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 he same as the. \n-00049740: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 206f boot drive o\n-00049750: 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 7920 rdering used by \n-00049760: 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 your firmware. \n-00049770: 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 Do not assume th\n-00049780: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 6972 at your. fir\n-00049790: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 2865 st hard drive (e\n-000497a0: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 .g. .../dev/sda\n-000497b0: e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 ...) is the one \n-000497c0: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 that your firmwa\n-000497d0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f re. will boo\n-000497e0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 7669 t from. ...devi\n-000497f0: 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ce.map... (*note\n-00049800: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2063 Device map::) c\n-00049810: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 an be used to. \n-00049820: 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 override this\n-00049830: 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 , but it is usua\n-00049840: 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 7573 lly better to us\n-00049850: 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 e UUIDs or file \n-00049860: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 6265 system. labe\n-00049870: 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 6570 ls and avoid dep\n-00049880: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 6520 ending on drive \n-00049890: 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 656c ordering entirel\n-000498a0: 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 6c65 y... ... At le\n-000498b0: 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 ast on BIOS syst\n-000498c0: 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 6c6c ems, if you tell\n-000498d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-000498e0: e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a20 ... to install. \n-000498f0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 7061 GRUB to a pa\n-00049900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 5542 rtition but GRUB\n-00049910: 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 6565 has already bee\n-00049920: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e 2074 n installed in t\n-00049930: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 2062 he. master b\n-00049940: 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 656e oot record, then\n-00049950: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c the GRUB instal\n-00049960: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 lation in the pa\n-00049970: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 696c rtition. wil\n-00049980: 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 l be ignored... \n-00049990: 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 626c ... If possibl\n-000499a0: 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c e, it is general\n-000499b0: 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ly best to avoid\n-000499c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n-000499d0: 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 to a. parti\n-000499e0: 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 7420 tion (unless it \n-000499f0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6172 is a special par\n-00049a00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2075 tition for the u\n-00049a10: 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 se of GRUB. \n-00049a20: 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 alone, such as t\n-00049a30: 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 he BIOS Boot Par\n-00049a40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 tition used on G\n-00049a50: 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 730a PT). Doing this.\n-00049a60: 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 means that \n-00049a70: 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 6265 GRUB may stop be\n-00049a80: 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 ing able to read\n-00049a90: 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 its core image \n-00049aa0: 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6669 due to a. fi\n-00049ab0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 6e67 le system moving\n-00049ac0: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2c20 blocks around, \n-00049ad0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 6465 such as while de\n-00049ae0: 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 2020 fragmenting,. \n-00049af0: 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 6b73 running checks\n-00049b00: 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 , or even during\n-00049b10: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n-00049b20: 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 n. Installing t\n-00049b30: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 686f 6c65 o the. whole\n-00049b40: 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 disk device is \n-00049b50: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 726f normally more ro\n-00049b60: 6275 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4368 bust... ... Ch\n-00049b70: 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6163 eck that GRUB ac\n-00049b80: 7475 616c 6c79 206b 6e6f 7773 2068 6f77 tually knows how\n-00049b90: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 to read from th\n-00049ba0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c e device and fil\n-00049bb0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 636f e. system co\n-00049bc0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f ntaining .../boo\n-00049bd0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 2020 4974 2077 t/grub.... It w\n-00049be0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 626c 6520 ill not be able \n-00049bf0: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 to read from. \n-00049c00: 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 encrypted devi\n-00049c10: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2075 6e73 7570 706f ces with unsuppo\n-00049c20: 7274 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 rted encryption \n-00049c30: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 6e6f 7220 6672 6f6d scheme, nor from\n-00049c40: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 file. syste\n-00049c50: 6d73 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2073 7570 ms for which sup\n-00049c60: 706f 7274 2068 6173 206e 6f74 2079 6574 port has not yet\n-00049c70: 2062 6565 6e20 6164 6465 6420 746f 2047 been added to G\n-00049c80: 5255 422e 0a0a RUB...\n+00049140: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00049150: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c =..GRUB's normal\n+00049160: 2073 7461 7274 2d75 7020 7072 6f63 6564 start-up proced\n+00049170: 7572 6520 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2073 6574 ure involves set\n+00049180: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 ting the ...pref\n+00049190: 6978 e280 990a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ix....environmen\n+000491a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6120 t variable to a \n+000491b0: 7661 6c75 6520 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 value set in the\n+000491c0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6279 20e2 core image by .\n+000491d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+000491e0: 992c 0a73 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 .,.setting the .\n+000491f0: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..root... variab\n+00049200: 6c65 2074 6f20 6d61 7463 682c 206c 6f61 le to match, loa\n+00049210: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d ding the ...norm\n+00049220: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 726f al... module fro\n+00049230: 6d0a 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2c20 616e m.the prefix, an\n+00049240: 6420 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 d running the ..\n+00049250: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .normal... comma\n+00049260: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c nd (*note normal\n+00049270: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d61 ::). 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However\n+000495e0: 2c20 616e 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7468 , any problem th\n+000495f0: 6174 206c 6561 7665 7320 796f 7520 696e at leaves you in\n+00049600: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c the rescue shel\n+00049610: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a6d 6561 6e73 l probably.means\n+00049620: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 6173 206e that GRUB was n\n+00049630: 6f74 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e73 ot correctly ins\n+00049640: 7461 6c6c 6564 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 talled. It may \n+00049650: 6265 206d 6f72 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 be more useful t\n+00049660: 6f0a 7472 7920 746f 2072 6569 6e73 7461 o.try to reinsta\n+00049670: 6c6c 2069 7420 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2075 ll it properly u\n+00049680: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 sing ...grub-ins\n+00049690: 7461 6c6c 2044 4556 4943 45e2 8099 2028 tall DEVICE... (\n+000496a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000496b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e20 rub-install::). \n+000496c0: 2057 6865 6e20 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 When doing this\n+000496d0: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 , there are a fe\n+000496e0: 7720 7468 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 w things to reme\n+000496f0: 6d62 6572 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4472 mber:.. ... Dr\n+00049700: 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2069 6e20 ive ordering in \n+00049710: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+00049720: 7973 7465 6d20 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 ystem may not be\n+00049730: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 the same as the\n+00049740: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2064 7269 7665 . boot drive\n+00049750: 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 7573 6564 2062 ordering used b\n+00049760: 7920 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e y your firmware.\n+00049770: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d 6520 Do not assume \n+00049780: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2066 that your. f\n+00049790: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6472 6976 6520 irst hard drive \n+000497a0: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 (e.g. .../dev/s\n+000497b0: 6461 e280 9929 2069 7320 7468 6520 6f6e da...) is the on\n+000497c0: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d e that your firm\n+000497d0: 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ware. will b\n+000497e0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2e20 20e2 8098 6465 oot from. ...de\n+000497f0: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 282a 6e6f vice.map... (*no\n+00049800: 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 te Device map::)\n+00049810: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a can be used to.\n+00049820: 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 override th\n+00049830: 6973 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2069 7320 7573 is, but it is us\n+00049840: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 ually better to \n+00049850: 7573 6520 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c use UUIDs or fil\n+00049860: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 e system. la\n+00049870: 6265 6c73 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 2064 bels and avoid d\n+00049880: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6472 6976 epending on driv\n+00049890: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 e ordering entir\n+000498a0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7420 ely... ... At \n+000498b0: 6c65 6173 7420 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 7379 least on BIOS sy\n+000498c0: 7374 656d 732c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7465 stems, if you te\n+000498d0: 6c6c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ll ...grub-insta\n+000498e0: 6c6c e280 9920 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ll... to install\n+000498f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6120 . GRUB to a \n+00049900: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6275 7420 4752 partition but GR\n+00049910: 5542 2068 6173 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2062 UB has already b\n+00049920: 6565 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 696e een installed in\n+00049930: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7374 6572 the. master\n+00049940: 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2c20 7468 boot record, th\n+00049950: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 en the GRUB inst\n+00049960: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 allation in the \n+00049970: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n+00049980: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a ill be ignored..\n+00049990: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4966 2070 6f73 7369 . ... If possi\n+000499a0: 626c 652c 2069 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 ble, it is gener\n+000499b0: 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 746f 2061 766f ally best to avo\n+000499c0: 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 id installing GR\n+000499d0: 5542 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 UB to a. par\n+000499e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 756e 6c65 7373 2069 tition (unless i\n+000499f0: 7420 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 t is a special p\n+00049a00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 artition for the\n+00049a10: 2075 7365 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a20 2020 use of GRUB. \n+00049a20: 2020 616c 6f6e 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 alone, such as\n+00049a30: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 the BIOS Boot P\n+00049a40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e artition used on\n+00049a50: 2047 5054 292e 2044 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 GPT). Doing thi\n+00049a60: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 s. means tha\n+00049a70: 7420 4752 5542 206d 6179 2073 746f 7020 t GRUB may stop \n+00049a80: 6265 696e 6720 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 being able to re\n+00049a90: 6164 2069 7473 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 ad its core imag\n+00049aa0: 6520 6475 6520 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 e due to a. \n+00049ab0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 7669 file system movi\n+00049ac0: 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 ng blocks around\n+00049ad0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7768 696c 6520 , such as while \n+00049ae0: 6465 6672 6167 6d65 6e74 696e 672c 0a20 defragmenting,. \n+00049af0: 2020 2020 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6368 6563 running chec\n+00049b00: 6b73 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 6e20 6475 7269 ks, or even duri\n+00049b10: 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 ng normal operat\n+00049b20: 696f 6e2e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 ion. 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Foun\n-000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n-000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n-000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n-00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n-00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n-00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n-00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n-00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n-00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. In\n-00000280: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n-00000290: 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ur drive.* grub-\n-000002a0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkconfig: (grub)\n-000002b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000002c0: 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 6174 config. Generat\n-000002d0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e GRUB configura\n-000002e0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 tion.* grub-mkpa\n-000002f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 6772 sswd-pbkdf2: (gr\n-00000300: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000310: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00000320: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ..* grub-mkrelpa\n-00000330: 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 th: (grub)Invoki\n-00000340: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00000350: 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 h..* grub-mkresc\n-00000360: 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ue: (grub)Invoki\n-00000370: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00000380: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 . Make a GRUB r\n-00000390: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6772 escue image.* gr\n-000003a0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-mount: (grub)\n-000003b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n-000003c0: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e unt. Moun\n-000003d0: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n-000003e0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 7275 using GRUB.* gru\n-000003f0: 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-probe: (grub)I\n-00000400: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n-00000410: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 be. Probe\n-00000420: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00000430: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 ion.* grub-scrip\n-00000440: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 t-check: (grub)I\n-00000450: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-00000460: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 2d49 ipt-check..END-I\n-00000470: 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a 0a1f NFO-DIR-ENTRY...\n-00000480: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00000490: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Node: Firmwar\n-000004a0: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-000004b0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-000004c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Prev: GRUB on\n-000004d0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000004e0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ue shell, Up: T\n-000004f0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n-00000500: 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 23.2 Firmware st\n-00000510: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n-00000520: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d booting GRUB.===\n+00000070: 3230 204a 756e 6520 3230 3235 292e 0a0a 20 June 2025)...\n+00000080: 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 a90a Copyright ...\n+00000090: 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 2c32 1999,2000,2001,2\n+000000a0: 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c 3230 002,2004,2006,20\n+000000b0: 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 3031 08,2009,2010,201\n+000000c0: 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 6565 1,2012,2013 Free\n+000000d0: 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 .Software Founda\n+000000e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 tion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 2067 Permission is g\n+00000100: 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2c20 ranted to copy, \n+00000110: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 2f6f distribute and/o\n+00000120: 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a 2020 r modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e 6465 document unde\n+00000140: 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 r the terms of t\n+00000150: 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 he GNU Free Docu\n+00000160: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n+00000170: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 e,. Version \n+00000180: 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 1.2 or any later\n+00000190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 7368 version publish\n+000001a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 2053 ed by the Free S\n+000001b0: 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 6f75 oftware. Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. Genera\n+000002d0: 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 te GRUB configur\n+000002e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ation.* grub-mkp\n+000002f0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2867 asswd-pbkdf2: (g\n+00000300: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000310: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00000320: 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 2..* grub-mkrelp\n+00000330: 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b ath: (grub)Invok\n+00000340: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00000350: 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 th..* grub-mkres\n+00000360: 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b cue: (grub)Invok\n+00000370: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00000380: 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 e. Make a GRUB \n+00000390: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2067 rescue image.* g\n+000003a0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 7562 rub-mount: (grub\n+000003b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000003c0: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 ount. Mou\n+000003d0: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+000003e0: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 6772 using GRUB.* gr\n+000003f0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-probe: (grub)\n+00000400: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+00000410: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 obe. Prob\n+00000420: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000430: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 tion.* grub-scri\n+00000440: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 6229 pt-check: (grub)\n+00000450: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00000460: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e 442d ript-check..END-\n+00000470: 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 0a0a INFO-DIR-ENTRY..\n+00000480: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00000490: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 7761 o, Node: Firmwa\n+000004a0: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+000004b0: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+000004c0: 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 5542 206f B, Prev: GRUB o\n+000004d0: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+000004e0: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 cue shell, Up: \n+000004f0: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a Troubleshooting.\n+00000500: 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 .23.2 Firmware s\n+00000510: 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 talls instead of\n+00000520: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 420a 3d3d booting GRUB.==\n 00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 =========..The E\n-00000560: 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f FI implementatio\n-00000570: 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 n of some older \n-00000580: 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 MacBook laptops \n-00000590: 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 stalls when it g\n-000005a0: 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 ets.presented a \n-000005b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 grub-mkrescue IS\n-000005c0: 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f O image for x86_\n-000005d0: 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 64-efi target on\n-000005e0: 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 an USB.stick. \n-000005f0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 Affected are mod\n-00000600: 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 els of year 2010\n-00000610: 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f or earlier. Wo\n-00000620: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a rkaround is to.z\n-00000630: 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 eroize the bytes\n-00000640: 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 446 to 461 of t\n-00000650: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e he EFI partition\n-00000660: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 , where mformat \n-00000670: 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 has put.a partit\n-00000680: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 ion table entry \n-00000690: 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 which claims par\n-000006a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 tition start at \n-000006b0: 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 block 0. This.c\n-000006c0: 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 hange will not h\n-000006d0: 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 amper bootabilit\n-000006e0: 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 y on other machi\n-000006f0: 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nes.....File: gr\n-00000700: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00000710: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-00000720: 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 6274 ties, Next: Obt\n-00000730: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-00000740: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing GRUB, Prev:\n-00000750: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-00000760: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 2055 , Up: Top..24 U\n-00000770: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00000780: 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ies.************\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n-000007a0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 enu:..* Invoking\n-000007b0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a20 grub-install:: \n-000007c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 How to use\n-000007d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c the GRUB instal\n-000007e0: 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 ler.* Invoking g\n-000007f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 rub-mkconfig:: \n-00000800: 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 2047 Generate a G\n-00000810: 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f RUB configuratio\n-00000820: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e n file.* Invokin\n-00000830: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00000840: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00000560: 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 EFI implementati\n+00000570: 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 6572 on of some older\n+00000580: 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 746f 7073 MacBook laptops\n+00000590: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e 2069 7420 stalls when it \n+000005a0: 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2061 gets.presented a\n+000005b0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2049 grub-mkrescue I\n+000005c0: 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2078 3836 SO image for x86\n+000005d0: 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 6574 206f _64-efi target o\n+000005e0: 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 636b 2e20 n an USB.stick. \n+000005f0: 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 6520 6d6f Affected are mo\n+00000600: 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 2032 3031 dels of year 201\n+00000610: 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2e20 2057 0 or earlier. W\n+00000620: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 2074 6f0a orkaround is to.\n+00000630: 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 6279 7465 zeroize the byte\n+00000640: 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 206f 6620 s 446 to 461 of \n+00000650: 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 696f the EFI partitio\n+00000660: 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f 726d 6174 n, where mformat\n+00000670: 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 6172 7469 has put.a parti\n+00000680: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7279 tion table entry\n+00000690: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d 7320 7061 which claims pa\n+000006a0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7420 6174 rtition start at\n+000006b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 6869 730a block 0. This.\n+000006c0: 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 change will not \n+000006d0: 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 6269 6c69 hamper bootabili\n+000006e0: 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 6d61 6368 ty on other mach\n+000006f0: 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ines.....File: g\n+00000700: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00000710: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00000720: 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4f62 ities, Next: Ob\n+00000730: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n+00000740: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 ding GRUB, Prev\n+00000750: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00000760: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3420 g, Up: Top..24 \n+00000770: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00000780: 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ties.***********\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n+000007a0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e Menu:..* Invokin\n+000007b0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+000007c0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 How to us\n+000007d0: 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 e the GRUB insta\n+000007e0: 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ller.* Invoking \n+000007f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 grub-mkconfig:: \n+00000800: 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 Generate a \n+00000810: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 GRUB configurati\n+00000820: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 on file.* Invoki\n+00000830: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000840: 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 -pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 Generat\n-00000870: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 e GRUB password \n-00000880: 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e hashes.* Invokin\n-00000890: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-000008a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 7374 :: Make syst\n-000008b0: 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 7665 em path relative\n-000008c0: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a 2049 to its root.* I\n-000008d0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000008e0: 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d 616b escue:: Mak\n-000008f0: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 e a GRUB rescue \n-00000900: 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 image.* Invoking\n-00000910: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 grub-mount:: \n-00000920: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 Mount a fi\n-00000930: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 le system using \n-00000940: 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 GRUB.* Invoking \n-00000950: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 grub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 Probe devic\n-00000970: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f e information fo\n-00000980: 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e r GRUB.* Invokin\n-00000990: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n-000009a0: 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 5255 eck:: Check GRU\n-000009b0: 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 666f B script file fo\n-000009c0: 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 730a r syntax errors.\n-000009d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000009e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n-000009f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00000a00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00000a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n-00000a20: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n-00000a30: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e31 utilities..24.1\n-00000a40: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00000a50: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nstall.=========\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 Genera\n+00000870: 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 te GRUB password\n+00000880: 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 hashes.* Invoki\n+00000890: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n+000008a0: 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7973 h:: Make sys\n+000008b0: 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 6976 tem path relativ\n+000008c0: 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 740a 2a20 e to its root.* \n+000008d0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000008e0: 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4d61 rescue:: Ma\n+000008f0: 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 ke a GRUB rescue\n+00000900: 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e image.* Invokin\n+00000910: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 g grub-mount:: \n+00000920: 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 Mount a f\n+00000930: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 ile system using\n+00000940: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 GRUB.* Invoking\n+00000950: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 grub-probe:: \n+00000960: 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 Probe devi\n+00000970: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ce information f\n+00000980: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 or GRUB.* Invoki\n+00000990: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ng grub-script-c\n+000009a0: 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 6b20 4752 heck:: Check GR\n+000009b0: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2066 UB script file f\n+000009c0: 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 or syntax errors\n+000009d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000009e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n+000009f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n+00000a00: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 l, Next: Invoki\n+00000a10: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00000a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 , Up: User-spac\n+00000a30: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e e utilities..24.\n+00000a40: 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 1 Invoking grub-\n+00000a50: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d install.========\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n-00000a80: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00000a90: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 4752 . generates a GR\n-00000aa0: 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 UB core image us\n-00000ab0: 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing....grub-mkim\n-00000ac0: 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 age... and insta\n-00000ad0: 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 lls it on your s\n-00000ae0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 ystem. You must\n-00000af0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 specify the.dev\n-00000b00: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 ice name on whic\n-00000b10: 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e h you want to in\n-00000b20: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 stall GRUB, like\n-00000b30: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 this:.. gru\n-00000b40: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c b-install INSTAL\n-00000b50: 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 L_DEVICE.. The\n-00000b60: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 device name INS\n-00000b70: 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 TALL_DEVICE is a\n-00000b80: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-00000b90: 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 or a GRUB devic\n-00000ba0: 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 e.name... ...g\n-00000bb0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2061 rub-install... a\n-00000bc0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-00000bd0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n-00000be0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n-00000bf0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n-00000c00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n-00000c10: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n-00000c20: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n-00000c30: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n-00000c40: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n-00000c50: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n-00000c60: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f d exit......--bo\n-00000c70: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 ot-directory=DIR\n-00000c80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c .... Install\n-00000c90: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 GRUB images und\n-00000ca0: 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 er the directory\n-00000cb0: 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 2fe2 8099 ...DIR/grub/...\n-00000cc0: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a This option is.\n-00000cd0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e useful when\n-00000ce0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 you want to ins\n-00000cf0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2061 tall GRUB into a\n-00000d00: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 7274 6974 separate partit\n-00000d10: 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7265 ion or a. re\n-00000d20: 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2049 movable disk. I\n-00000d30: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-00000d40: 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 not specified t\n-00000d50: 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a hen it defaults.\n-00000d60: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 to .../boot\n-00000d70: e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-00000d90: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 /dev/sda.. i\n-00000da0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a s equivalent to.\n-00000db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d . grub-\n-00000dc0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-00000dd0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f20 irectory=/boot/ \n-00000de0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 2020 2048 /dev/sda.. H\n-00000df0: 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c ere is an exampl\n-00000e00: 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2068 e in which you h\n-00000e10: 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 ave a separate .\n-00000e20: 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 7274 6974 ..boot... partit\n-00000e30: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2069 ion. which i\n-00000e40: 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 20e2 8098 s mounted on ...\n-00000e50: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 /mnt/boot...:.. \n-00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00000e70: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n-00000e80: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 ectory=/mnt/boot\n-00000e90: 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 8098 2d2d /dev/sdb.....--\n-00000ea0: 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 6465 7669 Recheck the devi\n-00000ec0: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 ce map, even if \n-00000ed0: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 .../boot/grub/de\n-00000ee0: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 616c 7265 vice.map... alre\n-00000ef0: 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 7374 732e ady. exists.\n-00000f00: 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 You should use\n-00000f10: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 this option whe\n-00000f20: 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 642f 7265 never you add/re\n-00000f30: 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 move a disk. \n-00000f40: 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 7220 into/from your \n-00000f50: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d computer......--\n-00000f60: 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 8099 0a20 no-rs-codes.... \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f By default o\n-00000f80: 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 n x86 BIOS syste\n-00000f90: 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ms, ...grub-inst\n-00000fa0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 all... will use \n-00000fb0: 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 some extra. \n-00000fc0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f space in the boo\n-00000fd0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e tloader embeddin\n-00000fe0: 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d g area for Reed-\n-00000ff0: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 Solomon. err\n-00001000: 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f or-correcting co\n-00001010: 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c des. This enabl\n-00001020: 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c es GRUB to still\n-00001030: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 boot. succe\n-00001040: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 ssfully if some \n-00001050: 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 blocks are corru\n-00001060: 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 pted. The exact\n-00001070: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 amount of. \n-00001080: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 protection offer\n-00001090: 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 ed is dependent \n-000010a0: 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 on available spa\n-000010b0: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce in the embedd\n-000010c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 ing. area. \n-000010d0: 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 R sectors of red\n-000010e0: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 undancy can tole\n-000010f0: 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 rate up to R/2 c\n-00001100: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 orrupted. se\n-00001110: 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 ctors. This red\n-00001120: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 undancy may be c\n-00001130: 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 umbersome if att\n-00001140: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n-00001150: 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c cryptographicall\n-00001160: 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 y validate the c\n-00001170: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ontents of the b\n-00001180: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n-00001190: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f ing. area, o\n-000011a0: 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e r in more modern\n-000011b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 systems with GP\n-000011c0: 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f T-style partitio\n-000011d0: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a n tables. (*\n-000011e0: 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c note BIOS instal\n-000011f0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 lation::) where \n-00001200: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 GRUB does not re\n-00001210: 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 side in any. \n-00001220: 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 unpartitioned s\n-00001230: 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 pace outside of \n-00001240: 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 the MBR. Disable\n-00001250: 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f the Reed-Solomo\n-00001260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 n. codes wit\n-00001270: 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a h this option...\n-00001280: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001290: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-000012a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-000012b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-000012c0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-000012d0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 pbkdf2, Prev: I\n-000012e0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-000012f0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d tall, Up: User-\n-00001300: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-00001310: 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.2 Invoking g\n-00001320: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkconfig.===\n+00000a70: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n+00000a80: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+00000a90: 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2047 .. generates a G\n+00000aa0: 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 RUB core image u\n+00000ab0: 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 sing....grub-mki\n+00000ac0: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 696e 7374 mage... and inst\n+00000ad0: 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 alls it on your \n+00000ae0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 system. You mus\n+00000af0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 650a 6465 t specify the.de\n+00000b00: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e 2077 6869 vice name on whi\n+00000b10: 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 ch you want to i\n+00000b20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b nstall GRUB, lik\n+00000b30: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 e this:.. gr\n+00000b40: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 4e53 5441 ub-install INSTA\n+00000b50: 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 2020 5468 LL_DEVICE.. Th\n+00000b60: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 494e e device name IN\n+00000b70: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 STALL_DEVICE is \n+00000b80: 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d an OS device nam\n+00000b90: 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 e or a GRUB devi\n+00000ba0: 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 ce.name... ...\n+00000bb0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00000bc0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00000bd0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+00000be0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n+00000bf0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+00000c00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+00000c10: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+00000c20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n+00000c30: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n+00000c40: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n+00000c50: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n+00000c60: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d62 nd exit......--b\n+00000c70: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 oot-directory=DI\n+00000c80: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7374 616c R.... Instal\n+00000c90: 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e l GRUB images un\n+00000ca0: 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 der the director\n+00000cb0: 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 622f e280 y ...DIR/grub/..\n+00000cc0: 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 . This option is\n+00000cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 . useful whe\n+00000ce0: 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e n you want to in\n+00000cf0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 stall GRUB into \n+00000d00: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 6172 7469 a separate parti\n+00000d10: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 2020 2072 tion or a. r\n+00000d20: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 emovable disk. \n+00000d30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+00000d40: 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 s not specified \n+00000d50: 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 756c 7473 then it defaults\n+00000d60: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f . to .../boo\n+00000d70: 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 t..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c grub-install\n+00000d90: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n+00000db0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+00000dc0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n+00000dd0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 6f6f 742f directory=/boot/\n+00000de0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n+00000e00: 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 le in which you \n+00000e10: 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 have a separate \n+00000e20: e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 6172 7469 ...boot... parti\n+00000e30: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 tion. which \n+00000e40: 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f 6e20 e280 is mounted on ..\n+00000e50: 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 993a 0a0a ./mnt/boot...:..\n+00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n+00000e70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nstall --boot-di\n+00000e80: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f rectory=/mnt/boo\n+00000e90: 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a e280 982d t /dev/sdb.....-\n+00000ea0: 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a 2020 2020 -recheck.... \n+00000eb0: 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 2064 6576 Recheck the dev\n+00000ec0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 ice map, even if\n+00000ed0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 .../boot/grub/d\n+00000ee0: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2061 6c72 evice.map... alr\n+00000ef0: 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6973 7473 eady. exists\n+00000f00: 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 . You should us\n+00000f10: 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7768 e this option wh\n+00000f20: 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 6464 2f72 enever you add/r\n+00000f30: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b 0a20 2020 emove a disk. \n+00000f40: 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 796f 7572 into/from your\n+00000f50: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a e280 982d computer......-\n+00000f60: 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 e280 990a -no-rs-codes....\n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n+00000f80: 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 on x86 BIOS syst\n+00000f90: 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 ems, ...grub-ins\n+00000fa0: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 tall... will use\n+00000fb0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a 2020 2020 some extra. \n+00000fc0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f space in the bo\n+00000fd0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 6469 otloader embeddi\n+00000fe0: 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 5265 6564 ng area for Reed\n+00000ff0: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6572 -Solomon. er\n+00001000: 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 6e67 2063 ror-correcting c\n+00001010: 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 656e 6162 odes. This enab\n+00001020: 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 696c les GRUB to stil\n+00001030: 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6363 l boot. succ\n+00001040: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 6d65 essfully if some\n+00001050: 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 blocks are corr\n+00001060: 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 6578 6163 upted. The exac\n+00001070: 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 t amount of. \n+00001080: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 6665 protection offe\n+00001090: 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e 6465 6e74 red is dependent\n+000010a0: 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7370 on available sp\n+000010b0: 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 ace in the embed\n+000010c0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2e20 ding. area. \n+000010d0: 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f 6620 7265 R sectors of re\n+000010e0: 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e 2074 6f6c dundancy can tol\n+000010f0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 522f 3220 erate up to R/2 \n+00001100: 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 2020 2073 corrupted. s\n+00001110: 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 ectors. This re\n+00001120: 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 2062 6520 dundancy may be \n+00001130: 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 6620 6174 cumbersome if at\n+00001140: 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 tempting to. \n+00001150: 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c cryptographical\n+00001160: 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7468 6520 ly validate the \n+00001170: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 contents of the \n+00001180: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 bootloader embed\n+00001190: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 ding. area, \n+000011a0: 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6572 or in more moder\n+000011b0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2047 n systems with G\n+000011c0: 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 PT-style partiti\n+000011d0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2028 on tables. (\n+000011e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n+000011f0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 6865 7265 llation::) where\n+00001200: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2072 GRUB does not r\n+00001210: 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 eside in any. \n+00001220: 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e65 6420 unpartitioned \n+00001230: 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 space outside of\n+00001240: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 7361 626c the MBR. Disabl\n+00001250: 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d e the Reed-Solom\n+00001260: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 7320 7769 on. codes wi\n+00001270: 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a th this option..\n+00001280: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001290: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+000012a0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+000012b0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 g, Next: Invoki\n+000012c0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+000012d0: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 -pbkdf2, Prev: \n+000012e0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+000012f0: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 stall, Up: User\n+00001300: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00001310: 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.2 Invoking \n+00001320: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 3d3d grub-mkconfig.==\n 00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001350: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001360: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 config... genera\n-00001370: 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 tes a configurat\n-00001380: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 5255 ion file for GRU\n-00001390: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 B.(*note Simple \n-000013a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-000013b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ... grub-mkc\n-000013c0: 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 onfig -o /boot/g\n-000013d0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n-000013e0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-000013f0: 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 g... accepts the\n-00001400: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00001410: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00001420: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00001430: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00001440: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00001450: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00001460: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00001470: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00001480: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00001490: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-000014a0: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n-000014b0: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n-000014c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 2067 . Send the g\n-000014d0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 enerated configu\n-000014e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f 2046 ration file to F\n-000014f0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ILE. The defaul\n-00001500: 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656e t is to. sen\n-00001510: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 7264 d it to standard\n-00001520: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n-00001530: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00001540: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00001550: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00001560: 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 2, Next: Invoki\n-00001570: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00001580: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 h, Prev: Invoki\n-00001590: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-000015a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 , Up: User-spac\n-000015b0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e e utilities..24.\n-000015c0: 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 3 Invoking grub-\n-000015d0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n-000015e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001350: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001360: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 kconfig... gener\n+00001370: 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ates a configura\n+00001380: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 4752 tion file for GR\n+00001390: 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 UB.(*note Simple\n+000013a0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+000013b0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b )... grub-mk\n+000013c0: 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f 742f config -o /boot/\n+000013d0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 grub/grub.cfg.. \n+000013e0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n+000013f0: 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ig... accepts th\n+00001400: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00001410: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00001420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00001430: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00001440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00001450: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00001460: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00001470: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00001480: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00001490: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+000014a0: e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-o FILE......\n+000014b0: 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 .--output=FILE..\n+000014c0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 .. Send the \n+000014d0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 generated config\n+000014e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 uration file to \n+000014f0: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 FILE. The defau\n+00001500: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 lt is to. se\n+00001510: 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 nd it to standar\n+00001520: 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d output.....Fil\n+00001530: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001540: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001550: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00001560: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b f2, Next: Invok\n+00001570: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00001580: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b th, Prev: Invok\n+00001590: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+000015a0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 g, Up: User-spa\n+000015b0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n+000015c0: 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .3 Invoking grub\n+000015d0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+000015e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-00001610: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n-00001620: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 -pbkdf2... gener\n-00001630: 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 ates password ha\n-00001640: 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a shes for GRUB.(*\n-00001650: 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 note Security::)\n-00001660: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ... grub-mkp\n-00001670: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 asswd-pbkdf2.. \n-00001680: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n-00001690: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 6365 d-pbkdf2... acce\n-000016a0: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-000016b0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-000016c0: 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d c NUMBER.......-\n-000016d0: 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 -iteration-count\n-000016e0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 Number of iterat\n-00001700: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 ions of the unde\n-00001710: 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 rlying pseudo-ra\n-00001720: 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 ndom function.. \n-00001730: 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 Defaults to \n-00001740: 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 4e55 10000......-l NU\n-00001750: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 7566 MBER.......--buf\n-00001760: 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 len=NUMBER.... \n-00001770: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n-00001780: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 682e generated hash.\n-00001790: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 Defaults to 64\n-000017a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 52e2 ......-s NUMBER.\n-000017b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d ......--salt=NUM\n-000017c0: 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 BER.... Leng\n-000017d0: 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 th of the salt. \n-000017e0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e Defaults to 64.\n-000017f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-00001810: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00001820: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f ath, Next: Invo\n-00001830: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00001840: 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ue, Prev: Invok\n-00001850: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-00001860: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2055 d-pbkdf2, Up: U\n-00001870: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001880: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.4 Invoki\n-00001890: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-000018a0: 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d h.==============\n-000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000018c0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-000018d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 rub-mkrelpath...\n-000018e0: 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 makes a file sy\n-000018f0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n-00001900: 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 206f ve to the.root o\n-00001910: 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 f its containing\n-00001920: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n-00001930: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 or instance, if \n-00001940: e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 6120 .../usr... is a \n-00001950: 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 mount.point, the\n-00001960: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d n:.. $ grub-\n-00001970: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 2f73 mkrelpath /usr/s\n-00001980: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n-00001990: 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f73 e.pf2. .../s\n-000019a0: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n-000019b0: 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 e.pf2..... Thi\n-000019c0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 s is mainly used\n-000019d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 206f internally by o\n-000019e0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 ther GRUB utilit\n-000019f0: 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 9867 ies such as....g\n-00001a00: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00001a10: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00001a20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n-00001a30: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 7369 , but may occasi\n-00001a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 onally.also be u\n-00001a50: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 seful for debugg\n-00001a60: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ing... ...grub\n-00001a70: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 6163 -mkrelpath... ac\n-00001a80: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00001a90: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00001aa0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00001ab0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00001ac0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00001ad0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00001ae0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00001af0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00001b00: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00001b10: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00001b20: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 exit.....File: \n-00001b30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00001b40: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001b50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a mkrescue, Next:\n-00001b60: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b70: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 ount, Prev: Inv\n-00001b80: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-00001b90: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d path, Up: User-\n-00001ba0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-00001bb0: 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.5 Invoking g\n-00001bc0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkrescue.===\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+00001610: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n+00001620: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6765 6e65 d-pbkdf2... gene\n+00001630: 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 rates password h\n+00001640: 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 ashes for GRUB.(\n+00001650: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a *note Security::\n+00001660: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b )... grub-mk\n+00001670: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 0a20 passwd-pbkdf2.. \n+00001680: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 ...grub-mkpass\n+00001690: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2061 6363 wd-pbkdf2... acc\n+000016a0: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+000016b0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+000016c0: 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -c NUMBER.......\n+000016d0: 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d 636f 756e --iteration-coun\n+000016e0: 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 7465 7261 Number of itera\n+00001700: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2075 6e64 tions of the und\n+00001710: 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 646f 2d72 erlying pseudo-r\n+00001720: 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a andom function..\n+00001730: 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f Defaults to\n+00001740: 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6c 204e 10000......-l N\n+00001750: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6275 UMBER.......--bu\n+00001760: 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 flen=NUMBER.... \n+00001770: 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 Length of th\n+00001780: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6861 7368 e generated hash\n+00001790: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 . Defaults to 6\n+000017a0: 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 4d42 4552 4......-s NUMBER\n+000017b0: e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c 743d 4e55 .......--salt=NU\n+000017c0: 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e MBER.... Len\n+000017d0: 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 616c 742e gth of the salt.\n+000017e0: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 Defaults to 64\n+000017f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00001800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00001810: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+00001820: 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 path, Next: Inv\n+00001830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00001840: 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f cue, Prev: Invo\n+00001850: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00001860: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 wd-pbkdf2, Up: \n+00001870: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001880: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.4 Invok\n+00001890: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+000018a0: 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d th.=============\n+000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000018c0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+000018d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n+000018e0: 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 . makes a file s\n+000018f0: 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 ystem path relat\n+00001900: 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 ive to the.root \n+00001910: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e of its containin\n+00001920: 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 g file system. \n+00001930: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 For instance, if\n+00001940: 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 6973 2061 .../usr... is a\n+00001950: 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 mount.point, th\n+00001960: 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 en:.. $ grub\n+00001970: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f -mkrelpath /usr/\n+00001980: 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f share/grub/unico\n+00001990: 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f de.pf2. .../\n+000019a0: 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f share/grub/unico\n+000019b0: 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 2020 5468 de.pf2..... Th\n+000019c0: 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 is is mainly use\n+000019d0: 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 d internally by \n+000019e0: 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 other GRUB utili\n+000019f0: 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 0ae2 8098 ties such as....\n+00001a00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00001a10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n+00001a20: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n+00001a30: 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6363 6173 ), but may occas\n+00001a40: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f 2062 6520 ionally.also be \n+00001a50: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 6562 7567 useful for debug\n+00001a60: 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 ging... ...gru\n+00001a70: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 2061 b-mkrelpath... a\n+00001a80: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00001a90: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00001aa0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00001ab0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00001ac0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00001ad0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00001ae0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00001af0: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00001b00: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00001b10: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00001b20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d exit.....File:\n+00001b30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001b40: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001b50: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 -mkrescue, Next\n+00001b60: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b70: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e mount, Prev: In\n+00001b80: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00001b90: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 lpath, Up: User\n+00001ba0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+00001bb0: 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.5 Invoking \n+00001bc0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 650a 3d3d grub-mkrescue.==\n 00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001bf0: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001c00: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 rescue... genera\n-00001c10: 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2047 tes a bootable G\n-00001c20: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n-00001c30: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 .(*note Making a\n-00001c40: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00001c50: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 D-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00001c70: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 416c grub.iso.. Al\n-00001c80: 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f 7420 l arguments not \n-00001c90: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 7465 explicitly liste\n-00001ca0: 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 d as ...grub-mkr\n-00001cb0: 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 escue... options\n-00001cc0: 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 are.passed on d\n-00001cd0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 786f irectly to ...xo\n-00001ce0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 986d rriso... in ...m\n-00001cf0: 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c 6174 kisofs... emulat\n-00001d00: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 696f ion mode. Optio\n-00001d10: 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 8098 ns.passed to ...\n-00001d20: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 xorriso... will \n-00001d30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e 7465 normally be inte\n-00001d40: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6d6b rpreted as ...mk\n-00001d50: 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 isofs... options\n-00001d60: 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ;.if the option \n-00001d70: e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...--... is used\n-00001d80: 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 , then anything \n-00001d90: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 after that will \n-00001da0: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 be interpreted.a\n-00001db0: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f 7272 s native ...xorr\n-00001dc0: 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a iso... options..\n-00001dd0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 . Non-option a\n-00001de0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 6679 rguments specify\n-00001df0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f 7572 additional sour\n-00001e00: 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 2e20 ce directories. \n-00001e10: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c This is.commonl\n-00001e20: 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6578 y used to add ex\n-00001e30: 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 6865 tra files to the\n-00001e40: 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d6b image:.. mk\n-00001e50: 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 dir -p disk/boot\n-00001e60: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 6420 /grub. (add \n-00001e70: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 20e2 extra files to .\n-00001e80: 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ..disk/boot/grub\n-00001e90: e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d ...). grub-m\n-00001ea0: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n-00001eb0: 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 iso disk.. ...\n-00001ec0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n-00001ed0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-00001ee0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-00001ef0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n-00001f00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00001f10: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00001f20: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-00001f30: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n-00001f40: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n-00001f50: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n-00001f60: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n-00001f70: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f and exit......-o\n-00001f80: 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 FILE.......--ou\n-00001f90: 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 tput=FILE.... \n-00001fa0: 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e Save output in\n-00001fb0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 FILE. This \"op\n-00001fc0: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 tion\" is require\n-00001fd0: 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 d......--modules\n-00001fe0: 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 =MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 Pre-load the na\n-00002000: 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 med GRUB modules\n-00002010: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 in the image. \n-00002020: 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 Multiple entries\n-00002030: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 in. MODULES\n-00002040: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 should be separ\n-00002050: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 ated by whitespa\n-00002060: 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 ce (so you will \n-00002070: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 probably. ne\n-00002080: 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 ed to quote this\n-00002090: 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 for your shell)\n-000020a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 ......--rom-dire\n-000020b0: 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 ctory=DIR.... \n-000020c0: 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 If generating \n-000020d0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2051 images for the Q\n-000020e0: 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 EMU or Coreboot \n-000020f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 7920 platforms, copy \n-00002100: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7469 the. resulti\n-00002110: 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 e280 ng ...qemu.img..\n-00002120: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 . or ...coreboot\n-00002130: 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 7265 .elf... files re\n-00002140: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 spectively to th\n-00002150: 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 e. DIR direc\n-00002160: 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 tory as well as \n-00002170: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 including them i\n-00002180: 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a e280 n the image.....\n-00002190: 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 45e2 .--xorriso=FILE.\n-000021a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-000021b0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 7269 as the ...xorri\n-000021c0: 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 so... program, r\n-000021d0: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 ather than the b\n-000021e0: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 uilt-in. def\n-000021f0: 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 7562 ault......--grub\n-00002200: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 -mkimage=FILE...\n-00002210: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 . Use FILE a\n-00002220: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b s the ...grub-mk\n-00002230: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d image... program\n-00002240: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n-00002250: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n-00002260: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n-00002270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00002280: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00002290: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 b-mount, Next: \n-000022a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-000022b0: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f obe, Prev: Invo\n-000022c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-000022d0: 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ue, Up: User-sp\n-000022e0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n-000022f0: 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.6 Invoking gru\n-00002300: 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-mount.========\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001bf0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001c00: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 krescue... gener\n+00001c10: 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ates a bootable \n+00001c20: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 GRUB rescue imag\n+00001c30: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 e.(*note Making \n+00001c40: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00001c50: 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00001c70: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a 2020 2041 o grub.iso.. A\n+00001c80: 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 206e 6f74 ll arguments not\n+00001c90: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c69 7374 explicitly list\n+00001ca0: 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ed as ...grub-mk\n+00001cb0: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e rescue... option\n+00001cc0: 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 206f 6e20 s are.passed on \n+00001cd0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 e280 9878 directly to ...x\n+00001ce0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 orriso... in ...\n+00001cf0: 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 6d75 6c61 mkisofs... emula\n+00001d00: 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f70 7469 tion mode. Opti\n+00001d10: 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 e280 ons.passed to ..\n+00001d20: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7769 6c6c .xorriso... will\n+00001d30: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 2069 6e74 normally be int\n+00001d40: 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 e280 986d erpreted as ...m\n+00001d50: 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e kisofs... option\n+00001d60: 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e s;.if the option\n+00001d70: 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ...--... is use\n+00001d80: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 d, then anything\n+00001d90: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c after that will\n+00001da0: 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 640a be interpreted.\n+00001db0: 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 9878 6f72 as native ...xor\n+00001dc0: 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e riso... options.\n+00001dd0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 .. Non-option \n+00001de0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 6563 6966 arguments specif\n+00001df0: 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6f75 y additional sou\n+00001e00: 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e rce directories.\n+00001e10: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f 6d6d 6f6e This is.common\n+00001e20: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 6464 2065 ly used to add e\n+00001e30: 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 7468 xtra files to th\n+00001e40: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d e image:.. m\n+00001e50: 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f kdir -p disk/boo\n+00001e60: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6464 t/grub. (add\n+00001e70: 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 extra files to \n+00001e80: e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ...disk/boot/gru\n+00001e90: 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d b...). grub-\n+00001ea0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 mkrescue -o grub\n+00001eb0: 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 2020 e280 .iso disk.. ..\n+00001ec0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 .grub-mkrescue..\n+00001ed0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n+00001ee0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n+00001ef0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n+00001f00: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00001f10: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00001f20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00001f30: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n+00001f40: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n+00001f50: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n+00001f60: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n+00001f70: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001f80: 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f o FILE.......--o\n+00001f90: 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 utput=FILE.... \n+00001fa0: 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 Save output i\n+00001fb0: 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 226f n FILE. This \"o\n+00001fc0: 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 ption\" is requir\n+00001fd0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 ed......--module\n+00001fe0: 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 0a20 2020 s=MODULES.... \n+00001ff0: 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206e Pre-load the n\n+00002000: 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 amed GRUB module\n+00002010: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 s in the image. \n+00002020: 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e 7472 6965 Multiple entrie\n+00002030: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f 4455 4c45 s in. MODULE\n+00002040: 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 7061 S should be sepa\n+00002050: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 rated by whitesp\n+00002060: 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ace (so you will\n+00002070: 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 2020 206e probably. n\n+00002080: 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 2074 6869 eed to quote thi\n+00002090: 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c s for your shell\n+000020a0: 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d 2d64 6972 )......--rom-dir\n+000020b0: 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 ectory=DIR.... \n+000020c0: 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6e67 If generating\n+000020d0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 images for the \n+000020e0: 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 626f 6f74 QEMU or Coreboot\n+000020f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 636f 7079 platforms, copy\n+00002100: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 6c74 the. result\n+00002110: 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e 696d 67e2 ing ...qemu.img.\n+00002120: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f .. or ...coreboo\n+00002130: 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2072 t.elf... files r\n+00002140: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 746f 2074 espectively to t\n+00002150: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 6469 7265 he. DIR dire\n+00002160: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 ctory as well as\n+00002170: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 including them \n+00002180: 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0ae2 in the image....\n+00002190: 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d 4649 4c45 ..--xorriso=FILE\n+000021a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n+000021b0: 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 786f 7272 E as the ...xorr\n+000021c0: 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 iso... program, \n+000021d0: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n+000021e0: 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 built-in. de\n+000021f0: 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d67 7275 fault......--gru\n+00002200: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 4c45 e280 b-mkimage=FILE..\n+00002210: 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c 4520 .. Use FILE \n+00002220: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d as the ...grub-m\n+00002230: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 kimage... progra\n+00002240: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n+00002250: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n+00002260: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c default.....Fil\n+00002270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00002280: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00002290: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub-mount, Next:\n+000022a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+000022b0: 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 robe, Prev: Inv\n+000022c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+000022d0: 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 cue, Up: User-s\n+000022e0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n+000022f0: 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.6 Invoking gr\n+00002300: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-mount.=======\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n-00002330: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2070 .grub-mount... p\n-00002340: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 2d6f erforms a read-o\n-00002350: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 6e79 nly mount of any\n-00002360: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f 7220 file system.or \n-00002370: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n-00002380: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 e that GRUB unde\n-00002390: 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 2047 rstands, using G\n-000023a0: 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 RUB's file syste\n-000023b0: 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 4655 m.drivers via FU\n-000023c0: 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 SE. (It is only \n-000023d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 5553 available if FUS\n-000023e0: 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6669 E development fi\n-000023f0: 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 les were.present\n-00002400: 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 when GRUB was b\n-00002410: 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 6173 uilt.) This has\n-00002420: 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 7365 a number of use\n-00002430: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 7072 s:.. ... It pr\n-00002440: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 ovides a conveni\n-00002450: 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 636b ent way to check\n-00002460: 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2076 how GRUB will v\n-00002470: 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 iew a file. \n-00002480: 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 system at boot t\n-00002490: 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ime. You can us\n-000024a0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e normal command\n-000024b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f 0a20 -line tools to. \n-000024c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6174 compare that\n-000024d0: 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 7420 view with that \n-000024e0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e of your operatin\n-000024f0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 g system, making\n-00002500: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 746f it. easy to\n-00002510: 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 find bugs... \n-00002520: e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 7472 ... It offers tr\n-00002530: 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ue read-only mou\n-00002540: 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f 6573 nts. Linux does\n-00002550: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 6520 not have these \n-00002560: 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e 616c for. journal\n-00002570: 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ling file system\n-00002580: 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 7769 s, because it wi\n-00002590: 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 6d70 ll always attemp\n-000025a0: 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 2020 t to replay. \n-000025b0: 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 7420 the journal at \n-000025c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 696c mount time; whil\n-000025d0: 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 6f72 e you can tempor\n-000025e0: 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 2062 arily mark the b\n-000025f0: 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 lock. device\n-00002600: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6176 read-only to av\n-00002610: 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 2063 oid this, that c\n-00002620: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e 7420 auses the mount \n-00002630: 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 5369 to fail.. Si\n-00002640: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e 7469 nce GRUB intenti\n-00002650: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 onally contains \n-00002660: 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 6974 no code for writ\n-00002670: 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ing to file. \n-00002680: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 616e systems, it can\n-00002690: 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 easily provide \n-000026a0: 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 6561 a guaranteed rea\n-000026b0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 d-only mount. \n-000026c0: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a 2020 mechanism... \n-000026d0: 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2079 ... It allows y\n-000026e0: 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 616e ou to examine an\n-000026f0: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7468 y file system th\n-00002700: 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 at GRUB understa\n-00002710: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 nds. without\n-00002720: 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 needing to load\n-00002730: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f 6475 additional modu\n-00002740: 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 7275 les into your ru\n-00002750: 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 nning. kerne\n-00002760: 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 l, which may be \n-00002770: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 7472 useful in constr\n-00002780: 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ained environmen\n-00002790: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 2020 ts such as. \n-000027a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 installers... \n-000027b0: e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 616e ... Since it can\n-000027c0: 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 7379 examine file sy\n-000027d0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 6f6e stem images (con\n-000027e0: 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 6c61 tained in regula\n-000027f0: 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 6a75 r. files) ju\n-00002800: 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 7320 st as easily as \n-00002810: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f 6e20 file systems on \n-00002820: 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c 2079 block devices, y\n-00002830: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ou can use. \n-00002840: 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 616e it to inspect an\n-00002850: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d y file system im\n-00002860: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n-00002870: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 206f derstands with o\n-00002880: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 nly. enough \n-00002890: 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 7573 privileges to us\n-000028a0: 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 e FUSE, even if \n-000028b0: 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 2077 nobody has yet w\n-000028c0: 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 4655 ritten a. FU\n-000028d0: 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 6966 SE module specif\n-000028e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 7420 ically for that \n-000028f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 file system type\n-00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 9867 ... Using ...g\n-00002910: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 7320 rub-mount... is \n-00002920: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 6d70 normally as simp\n-00002930: 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 le as:.. gru\n-00002940: 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 b-mount /dev/sda\n-00002950: 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 1 /mnt.. ...gr\n-00002960: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-mount... must\n-00002970: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 be given one or\n-00002980: 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 6e64 more images and\n-00002990: 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 2061 a mount point a\n-000029a0: 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 s.non-option arg\n-000029b0: 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 6973 uments (if it is\n-000029c0: 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e given more than\n-000029d0: 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 2077 one image, it w\n-000029e0: 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d 2061 ill treat.them a\n-000029f0: 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c 2061 s a RAID set), a\n-00002a00: 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 nd also accepts \n-00002a10: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00002a20: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n-00002a30: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n-00002a40: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n-00002a50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n-00002a60: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n-00002a70: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n-00002a80: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n-00002a90: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-00002aa0: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n-00002ab0: 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-C.......--\n-00002ac0: 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 204d crypto.... M\n-00002ad0: 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 ount encrypted d\n-00002ae0: 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 696e evices, promptin\n-00002af0: 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 g for a passphra\n-00002b00: 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 792e se if necessary.\n-00002b10: 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 e280 .....-d STRING..\n-00002b20: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 5452 .....--debug=STR\n-00002b30: 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 ING.... Show\n-00002b40: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n-00002b50: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 t for conditions\n-00002b60: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 4e47 matching STRING\n-00002b70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 747c ......-K prompt|\n-00002b80: 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a 6673 FILE.......--zfs\n-00002b90: 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 -key=prompt|FILE\n-00002ba0: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-00002bb0: 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206b ZFS encryption k\n-00002bc0: 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 ey. If you use \n-00002bd0: e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 7320 ...prompt... as \n-00002be0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 2020 the argument,. \n-00002bf0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ...grub-mount\n-00002c00: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6120 ... will read a \n-00002c10: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f 6d20 passphrase from \n-00002c20: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 6f74 the terminal; ot\n-00002c30: 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6974 herwise,. it\n-00002c40: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 206d will read key m\n-00002c50: 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 aterial from the\n-00002c60: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 652e specified file.\n-00002c70: 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e280 .....-r DEVICE..\n-00002c80: 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 5649 .....--root=DEVI\n-00002c90: 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 CE.... Set t\n-00002ca0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 6576 he GRUB root dev\n-00002cb0: 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ice to DEVICE. \n-00002cc0: 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 You do not norma\n-00002cd0: 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lly need to. \n-00002ce0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 6772 set this; ...gr\n-00002cf0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-mount... will\n-00002d00: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 automatically s\n-00002d10: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 et the root devi\n-00002d20: 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 ce to. the r\n-00002d30: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c oot of the suppl\n-00002d40: 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ied file system.\n-00002d50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 4345 .. If DEVICE\n-00002d60: 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d 6265 is just a numbe\n-00002d70: 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 r, then it will \n-00002d80: 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6120 be treated as a \n-00002d90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206e partition. n\n-00002da0: 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 umber within the\n-00002db0: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 652e supplied image.\n-00002dc0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 This means tha\n-00002dd0: 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 t, if you have a\n-00002de0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 n. image of \n-00002df0: 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2069 an entire disk i\n-00002e00: 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...disk.img...\n-00002e10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 , then you can u\n-00002e20: 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d se this. com\n-00002e30: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 mand to mount it\n-00002e40: 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 s second partiti\n-00002e50: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n-00002e60: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 2064 rub-mount -r 2 d\n-00002e70: 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d 706f isk.img mount-po\n-00002e80: 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 int.....-v......\n-00002e90: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n-00002ea0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n-00002eb0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n-00002ec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002ed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002ee0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-probe, Next\n-00002ef0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00002f00: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 script-check, P\n-00002f10: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-00002f20: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2055 ub-mount, Up: U\n-00002f30: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00002f40: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.7 Invoki\n-00002f50: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a 3d3d ng grub-probe.==\n+00002320: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+00002330: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n+00002340: 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 642d performs a read-\n+00002350: 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 616e only mount of an\n+00002360: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6f72 y file system.or\n+00002370: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 file system ima\n+00002380: 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 ge that GRUB und\n+00002390: 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e 6720 erstands, using \n+000023a0: 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 GRUB's file syst\n+000023b0: 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 2046 em.drivers via F\n+000023c0: 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 USE. (It is only\n+000023d0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 4655 available if FU\n+000023e0: 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2066 SE development f\n+000023f0: 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 656e iles were.presen\n+00002400: 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 t when GRUB was \n+00002410: 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 6861 built.) This ha\n+00002420: 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7573 s a number of us\n+00002430: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2070 es:.. ... It p\n+00002440: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 656e rovides a conven\n+00002450: 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 6563 ient way to chec\n+00002460: 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 k how GRUB will \n+00002470: 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 view a file. \n+00002480: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 system at boot \n+00002490: 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 time. You can u\n+000024a0: 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e se normal comman\n+000024b0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 6f0a d-line tools to.\n+000024c0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6861 compare tha\n+000024d0: 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 6174 t view with that\n+000024e0: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n+000024f0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b 696e ng system, makin\n+00002500: 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 2074 g it. easy t\n+00002510: 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 2020 o find bugs... \n+00002520: 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 ... It offers t\n+00002530: 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f rue read-only mo\n+00002540: 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 unts. Linux doe\n+00002550: 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 s not have these\n+00002560: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 for. journa\n+00002570: 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 lling file syste\n+00002580: 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 ms, because it w\n+00002590: 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d ill always attem\n+000025a0: 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 pt to replay. \n+000025b0: 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 the journal at\n+000025c0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 mount time; whi\n+000025d0: 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f le you can tempo\n+000025e0: 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 rarily mark the \n+000025f0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 block. devic\n+00002600: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 e read-only to a\n+00002610: 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 void this, that \n+00002620: 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 causes the mount\n+00002630: 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 to fail.. S\n+00002640: 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 ince GRUB intent\n+00002650: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ionally contains\n+00002660: 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 no code for wri\n+00002670: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ting to file. \n+00002680: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 systems, it ca\n+00002690: 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 n easily provide\n+000026a0: 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 a guaranteed re\n+000026b0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 ad-only mount. \n+000026c0: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 mechanism... \n+000026d0: 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ... It allows \n+000026e0: 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 you to examine a\n+000026f0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ny file system t\n+00002700: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 hat GRUB underst\n+00002710: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 ands. withou\n+00002720: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 t needing to loa\n+00002730: 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 d additional mod\n+00002740: 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 ules into your r\n+00002750: 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e unning. kern\n+00002760: 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 el, which may be\n+00002770: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 useful in const\n+00002780: 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 rained environme\n+00002790: 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 nts such as. \n+000027a0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 installers... \n+000027b0: 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 ... Since it ca\n+000027c0: 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 n examine file s\n+000027d0: 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f ystem images (co\n+000027e0: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c ntained in regul\n+000027f0: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a ar. files) j\n+00002800: 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 ust as easily as\n+00002810: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e file systems on\n+00002820: 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 block devices, \n+00002830: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 you can use. \n+00002840: 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 it to inspect a\n+00002850: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 ny file system i\n+00002860: 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 mage that GRUB u\n+00002870: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 nderstands with \n+00002880: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 only. enough\n+00002890: 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 privileges to u\n+000028a0: 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 se FUSE, even if\n+000028b0: 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 nobody has yet \n+000028c0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 written a. F\n+000028d0: 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 USE module speci\n+000028e0: 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 fically for that\n+000028f0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 file system typ\n+00002900: 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 e... Using ...\n+00002910: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6973 grub-mount... is\n+00002920: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 696d normally as sim\n+00002930: 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ple as:.. gr\n+00002940: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 762f 7364 ub-mount /dev/sd\n+00002950: 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 a1 /mnt.. ...g\n+00002960: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 206d 7573 rub-mount... mus\n+00002970: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 206f t be given one o\n+00002980: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616e r more images an\n+00002990: 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e 7420 d a mount point \n+000029a0: 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 as.non-option ar\n+000029b0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 2069 guments (if it i\n+000029c0: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 s given more tha\n+000029d0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 7420 n one image, it \n+000029e0: 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 6d20 will treat.them \n+000029f0: 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 2c20 as a RAID set), \n+00002a00: 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 7473 and also accepts\n+00002a10: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00002a20: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n+00002a30: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n+00002a40: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+00002a50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00002a60: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00002a70: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n+00002a80: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n+00002a90: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00002aa0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00002ab0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a e280 982d ......-C.......-\n+00002ac0: 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 -crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 Mount encrypted \n+00002ae0: 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 7469 devices, prompti\n+00002af0: 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 ng for a passphr\n+00002b00: 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 ase if necessary\n+00002b10: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 494e 47e2 ......-d STRING.\n+00002b20: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 ......--debug=ST\n+00002b30: 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 686f RING.... Sho\n+00002b40: 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 w debugging outp\n+00002b50: 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e ut for condition\n+00002b60: 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e s matching STRIN\n+00002b70: 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 G......-K prompt\n+00002b80: 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7a66 |FILE.......--zf\n+00002b90: 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c s-key=prompt|FIL\n+00002ba0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 E.... Load a\n+00002bb0: 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 ZFS encryption \n+00002bc0: 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 key. If you use\n+00002bd0: 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 9920 6173 ...prompt... as\n+00002be0: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 the argument,. \n+00002bf0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e ...grub-moun\n+00002c00: 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 t... will read a\n+00002c10: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d passphrase from\n+00002c20: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f the terminal; o\n+00002c30: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 therwise,. i\n+00002c40: 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 t will read key \n+00002c50: 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 material from th\n+00002c60: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 e specified file\n+00002c70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 4943 45e2 ......-r DEVICE.\n+00002c80: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 3d44 4556 ......--root=DEV\n+00002c90: 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 ICE.... Set \n+00002ca0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 the GRUB root de\n+00002cb0: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 vice to DEVICE. \n+00002cc0: 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f 726d You do not norm\n+00002cd0: 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 ally need to. \n+00002ce0: 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 e280 9867 set this; ...g\n+00002cf0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c rub-mount... wil\n+00002d00: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 l automatically \n+00002d10: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n+00002d20: 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ice to. the \n+00002d30: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 root of the supp\n+00002d40: 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d lied file system\n+00002d50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 ... If DEVIC\n+00002d60: 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 E is just a numb\n+00002d70: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c er, then it will\n+00002d80: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 be treated as a\n+00002d90: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00002da0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 number within th\n+00002db0: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 e supplied image\n+00002dc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+00002dd0: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 at, if you have \n+00002de0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 an. image of\n+00002df0: 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 an entire disk \n+00002e00: 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 e280 in ...disk.img..\n+00002e10: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ., then you can \n+00002e20: 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f use this. co\n+00002e30: 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 mmand to mount i\n+00002e40: 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 ts second partit\n+00002e50: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:.. \n+00002e60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 grub-mount -r 2 \n+00002e70: 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 disk.img mount-p\n+00002e80: 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 oint.....-v.....\n+00002e90: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n+00002ea0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 Print verbos\n+00002eb0: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e messages.....F\n+00002ec0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00002ed0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00002ee0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e 6578 grub-probe, Nex\n+00002ef0: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00002f00: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 -script-check, \n+00002f10: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+00002f20: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-mount, Up: \n+00002f30: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00002f40: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.7 Invok\n+00002f50: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 0a3d ing grub-probe.=\n 00002f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00002f80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 ram ...grub-prob\n-00002f90: 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 e... probes devi\n-00002fa0: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ce information f\n-00002fb0: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 or a given path \n-00002fc0: 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 or.device... \n-00002fd0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 grub-probe --ta\n-00002fe0: 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 rget=fs /boot/gr\n-00002ff0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f ub. grub-pro\n-00003000: 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 be --target=driv\n-00003010: 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f e --device /dev/\n-00003020: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sda1.. ...grub\n-00003030: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2062 -probe... must b\n-00003040: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 206f e given a path o\n-00003050: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 6e6f r device as a no\n-00003060: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n-00003070: 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 t,.and also acce\n-00003080: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00003090: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-000030a0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-000030b0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-000030c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-000030d0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-000030e0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-000030f0: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00003100: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00003110: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00003120: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-d.....\n-00003130: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a 2020 ..--device.... \n-00003140: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n-00003150: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e n is given, then\n-00003160: 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 the non-option \n-00003170: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 7379 argument is a sy\n-00003180: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 stem. device\n-00003190: 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 name (such as .\n-000031a0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 292c ../dev/sda1...),\n-000031b0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f and ...grub-pro\n-000031c0: 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 be... will print\n-000031d0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-000031e0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 n about that dev\n-000031f0: 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e ice. If it is n\n-00003200: 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot given, then t\n-00003210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 he. non-opti\n-00003220: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n-00003230: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 filesystem path\n-00003240: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f 626f (such as .../bo\n-00003250: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 2020 ot/grub...),. \n-00003260: 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 and ...grub-pr\n-00003270: 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e obe... will prin\n-00003280: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n-00003290: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2063 out the device c\n-000032a0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 ontaining. t\n-000032b0: 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 hat part of the \n-000032c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 filesystem......\n-000032d0: 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -m FILE.......--\n-000032e0: 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c 45e2 device-map=FILE.\n-000032f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-00003300: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d as the device m\n-00003310: 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 ap (*note Device\n-00003320: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 map::) rather t\n-00003330: 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 han the. def\n-00003340: 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 ault, usually ..\n-00003350: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 ./boot/grub/devi\n-00003360: 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 982d ce.map.........-\n-00003370: 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 982d t TARGET.......-\n-00003380: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 e280 -target=TARGET..\n-00003390: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 .. Print inf\n-000033a0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 ormation about t\n-000033b0: 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 he given path or\n-000033c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 696e device as defin\n-000033d0: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 4745 ed by. TARGE\n-000033e0: 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c T. The availabl\n-000033f0: 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 7468 e targets and th\n-00003400: 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 7265 eir meanings are\n-00003410: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 8099 :.. ...fs...\n-00003420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003430: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n-00003440: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 7575 e.. ...fs_uu\n-00003450: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id.... \n-00003460: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 Filesystem Unive\n-00003470: 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 rsally Unique Id\n-00003480: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e entifier (UUID).\n-00003490: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 6265 . ...fs_labe\n-000034a0: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 l.... F\n-000034b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e ilesystem label.\n-000034c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 e280 . ...drive..\n-000034d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n-000034e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n-000034f0: 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ...device....\n-00003500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n-00003510: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n-00003520: 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 8099 ...partmap...\n-00003530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003540: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f partition map mo\n-00003550: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6162 dule.. ...ab\n-00003560: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 straction.... \n-00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 7374 GRUB abst\n-00003580: 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 raction module (\n-00003590: 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 9929 e.g. ...lvm...)\n-000035a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 746f .. ...crypto\n-000035b0: 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 disk_uuid.... \n-000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 Crypto de\n-000035d0: 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 vice UUID.. \n-000035e0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 ...msdos_parttyp\n-000035f0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d e.... M\n-00003600: 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 BR partition typ\n-00003610: 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 e code (two hexa\n-00003620: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e decimal digits).\n-00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 5f73 . ...hints_s\n-00003640: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tring.... \n-00003650: 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2070 A string of p\n-00003660: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 2068 latform search h\n-00003670: 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f ints suitable fo\n-00003680: 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 r passing to the\n-00003690: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 . ...se\n-000036a0: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n-000036b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n-000036c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 5f68 .. ...bios_h\n-000036d0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n-000036e0: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n-000036f0: 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 or the PC BIOS p\n-00003700: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 latform.. ..\n-00003710: 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 73e2 .ieee1275_hints.\n-00003720: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003730: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003740: 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 e IEEE1275 platf\n-00003750: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6172 orm.. ...bar\n-00003760: 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a emetal_hints....\n-00003770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 Search\n-00003780: 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 hints for platf\n-00003790: 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 6b73 orms where disks\n-000037a0: 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2064 are addressed d\n-000037b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 irectly. \n-000037c0: 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7669 rather than vi\n-000037d0: 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 a firmware.. \n-000037e0: 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 ...efi_hints...\n-000037f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n-00003800: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 h hints for the \n-00003810: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 EFI platform.. \n-00003820: 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...arc_hints.\n-00003830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003840: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003850: 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e ARC platform..\n-00003860: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ...compatib\n-00003870: 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a 2020 ility_hint.... \n-00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 A guess \n-00003890: 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 at a reasonable \n-000038a0: 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 GRUB drive name \n-000038b0: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c for this device,\n-000038c0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 which. \n-000038d0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 may be used as \n-000038e0: 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 a fallback if th\n-000038f0: 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 e ...search... c\n-00003900: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 ommand fails.. \n-00003910: 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a 2020 ...disk.... \n-00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d 2064 System d\n-00003930: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 evice name for t\n-00003940: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a he whole disk...\n-00003950: e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 ...-v.......--ve\n-00003960: 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rbose.... Pr\n-00003970: 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 int verbose mess\n-00003980: 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ages.....File: g\n-00003990: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000039a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n-000039b0: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 cript-check, Pr\n-000039c0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n-000039d0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 b-probe, Up: Us\n-000039e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-000039f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.8 Invokin\n-00003a00: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n-00003a10: 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eck.============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00002f80: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f gram ...grub-pro\n+00002f90: 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 2064 6576 be... probes dev\n+00002fa0: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ice information \n+00002fb0: 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 for a given path\n+00002fc0: 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 or.device... \n+00002fd0: 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 grub-probe --t\n+00002fe0: 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 arget=fs /boot/g\n+00002ff0: 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 rub. grub-pr\n+00003000: 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d64 7269 obe --target=dri\n+00003010: 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 2f64 6576 ve --device /dev\n+00003020: 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 /sda1.. ...gru\n+00003030: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 b-probe... must \n+00003040: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 6174 6820 be given a path \n+00003050: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2061 206e or device as a n\n+00003060: 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 on-option argume\n+00003070: 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 nt,.and also acc\n+00003080: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00003090: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+000030a0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+000030b0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+000030c0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+000030d0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+000030e0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+000030f0: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00003100: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00003110: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00003120: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 e280 990a exit......-d....\n+00003130: e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 ...--device.... \n+00003140: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+00003150: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 on is given, the\n+00003160: 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e n the non-option\n+00003170: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2073 argument is a s\n+00003180: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 ystem. devic\n+00003190: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e name (such as \n+000031a0: e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 e280 9929 .../dev/sda1...)\n+000031b0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 , and ...grub-pr\n+000031c0: 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e obe... will prin\n+000031d0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 t. informati\n+000031e0: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 7420 6465 on about that de\n+000031f0: 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 7320 vice. If it is \n+00003200: 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 not given, then \n+00003210: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 the. non-opt\n+00003220: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n+00003230: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 a filesystem pat\n+00003240: 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f62 h (such as .../b\n+00003250: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 2c0a 2020 oot/grub...),. \n+00003260: 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 and ...grub-p\n+00003270: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 robe... will pri\n+00003280: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 nt information a\n+00003290: 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 bout the device \n+000032a0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 containing. \n+000032b0: 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 that part of the\n+000032c0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e280 filesystem.....\n+000032d0: 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d .-m FILE.......-\n+000032e0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d 4649 4c45 -device-map=FILE\n+000032f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n+00003300: 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 E as the device \n+00003310: 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 map (*note Devic\n+00003320: 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 6865 7220 e map::) rather \n+00003330: 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6465 than the. de\n+00003340: 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 fault, usually .\n+00003350: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 6576 ../boot/grub/dev\n+00003360: 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ice.map.........\n+00003370: 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -t TARGET.......\n+00003380: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 4745 54e2 --target=TARGET.\n+00003390: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 696e ... Print in\n+000033a0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 formation about \n+000033b0: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 206f the given path o\n+000033c0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6465 6669 r device as defi\n+000033d0: 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 5441 5247 ned by. TARG\n+000033e0: 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 ET. The availab\n+000033f0: 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 6e64 2074 le targets and t\n+00003400: 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 6172 heir meanings ar\n+00003410: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 e280 e:.. ...fs..\n+00003420: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003430: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 filesystem modu\n+00003440: 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f75 le.. ...fs_u\n+00003450: 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid.... \n+00003460: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 556e 6976 Filesystem Univ\n+00003470: 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 7565 2049 ersally Unique I\n+00003480: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 5549 4429 dentifier (UUID)\n+00003490: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f6c 6162 .. ...fs_lab\n+000034a0: 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 el.... \n+000034b0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c Filesystem label\n+000034c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 6976 65e2 .. ...drive.\n+000034d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n+000034e0: 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 B device name.. \n+000034f0: 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 65e2 8099 ...device...\n+00003500: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 . Syste\n+00003510: 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a20 m device name.. \n+00003520: 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d 6170 e280 ...partmap..\n+00003530: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003540: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6170 206d partition map m\n+00003550: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 odule.. ...a\n+00003560: 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 990a 2020 bstraction.... \n+00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2061 6273 GRUB abs\n+00003580: 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 traction module \n+00003590: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 6de2 8099 (e.g. ...lvm...\n+000035a0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7279 7074 ).. ...crypt\n+000035b0: 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 odisk_uuid.... \n+000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 746f 2064 Crypto d\n+000035d0: 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a 2020 2020 evice UUID.. \n+000035e0: 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 7274 7479 ...msdos_partty\n+000035f0: 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pe.... \n+00003600: 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 MBR partition ty\n+00003610: 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f 2068 6578 pe code (two hex\n+00003620: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n+00003630: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6e74 735f .. ...hints_\n+00003640: 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 A string of \n+00003660: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 7263 6820 platform search \n+00003670: 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 hints suitable f\n+00003680: 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 or passing to th\n+00003690: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9873 e. ...s\n+000036a0: 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 earch... command\n+000036b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n+000036c0: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 696f 735f ).. ...bios_\n+000036d0: 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 Search hints \n+000036f0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 494f 5320 for the PC BIOS \n+00003700: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 platform.. .\n+00003710: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 696e 7473 ..ieee1275_hints\n+00003720: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003730: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n+00003740: 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 706c 6174 he IEEE1275 plat\n+00003750: 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6261 form.. ...ba\n+00003760: 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 remetal_hints...\n+00003770: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n+00003780: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 h hints for plat\n+00003790: 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6469 736b forms where disk\n+000037a0: 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 s are addressed \n+000037b0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2076 rather than v\n+000037d0: 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 2020 ia firmware.. \n+000037e0: 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e 7473 e280 ...efi_hints..\n+000037f0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n+00003800: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ch hints for the\n+00003810: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 EFI platform.. \n+00003820: 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 696e 7473 ...arc_hints\n+00003830: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003840: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n+00003850: 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e he ARC platform.\n+00003860: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d 7061 7469 . ...compati\n+00003870: 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 8099 0a20 bility_hint.... \n+00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 7565 7373 A guess\n+00003890: 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 at a reasonable\n+000038a0: 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB drive name\n+000038b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 6365 for this device\n+000038c0: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 , which. \n+000038d0: 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 may be used as\n+000038e0: 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6966 2074 a fallback if t\n+000038f0: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 he ...search... \n+00003900: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c 732e 0a20 command fails.. \n+00003910: 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 8099 0a20 ...disk.... \n+00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 6d20 System \n+00003930: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 device name for \n+00003940: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a the whole disk..\n+00003950: 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 ....-v.......--v\n+00003960: 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 erbose.... P\n+00003970: 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 rint verbose mes\n+00003980: 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 sages.....File: \n+00003990: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000039a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000039b0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 script-check, P\n+000039c0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n+000039d0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2055 ub-probe, Up: U\n+000039e0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+000039f0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.8 Invoki\n+00003a00: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ng grub-script-c\n+00003a10: 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d heck.===========\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-00003a40: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ...grub-script-\n-00003a50: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2061 check... takes a\n-00003a60: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n-00003a70: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c 2d6c e (*note.Shell-l\n-00003a80: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n-00003a90: 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 2066 and checks it f\n-00003aa0: 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 or syntax errors\n-00003ab0: 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 6f6d , similar to.com\n-00003ac0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 mands such as ..\n-00003ad0: 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 206d .sh -n.... It m\n-00003ae0: 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 2061 ay take a PATH a\n-00003af0: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00003b00: 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f 6e65 rgument;.if none\n-00003b10: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 6974 is supplied, it\n-00003b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 will read from \n-00003b30: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a standard input..\n-00003b40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 . grub-scrip\n-00003b50: 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 t-check /boot/gr\n-00003b60: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 ub/grub.cfg.. \n-00003b70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ...grub-script-c\n-00003b80: 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 heck... accepts \n-00003b90: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00003ba0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n-00003bb0: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n-00003bc0: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n-00003bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n-00003be0: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n-00003bf0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n-00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n-00003c10: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-00003c20: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n-00003c30: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n-00003c40: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n-00003c50: 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e 6520 Print each line \n-00003c60: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 2072 of input after r\n-00003c70: 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 eading it.....Fi\n-00003c80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00003c90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Node: Obtaining \n-00003ca0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n-00003cb0: 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f 7274 B, Next: Report\n-00003cc0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing bugs, Prev:\n-00003cd0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00003ce0: 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ities, Up: Top.\n-00003cf0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f 7720 .Appendix A How \n-00003d00: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 to obtain and bu\n-00003d10: 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ild GRUB.*******\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n+00003a40: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 m ...grub-script\n+00003a50: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 -check... takes \n+00003a60: 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 a GRUB script fi\n+00003a70: 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 656c 6c2d le (*note.Shell-\n+00003a80: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n+00003a90: 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 2069 7420 ) and checks it \n+00003aa0: 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 for syntax error\n+00003ab0: 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 636f s, similar to.co\n+00003ac0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 mmands such as .\n+00003ad0: 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 ..sh -n.... It \n+00003ae0: 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 4820 may take a PATH \n+00003af0: 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 as a non-option \n+00003b00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e 6f6e argument;.if non\n+00003b10: 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c 2069 e is supplied, i\n+00003b20: 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d t will read from\n+00003b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 742e standard input.\n+00003b40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 .. grub-scri\n+00003b50: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 pt-check /boot/g\n+00003b60: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n+00003b70: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ...grub-script-\n+00003b80: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 check... accepts\n+00003b90: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00003ba0: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n+00003bb0: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n+00003bc0: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+00003bd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00003be0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00003bf0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n+00003c00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n+00003c10: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00003c20: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00003c30: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d ......-v.......-\n+00003c40: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 -verbose.... \n+00003c50: 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 Print each line\n+00003c60: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 of input after \n+00003c70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 reading it.....F\n+00003c80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00003c90: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 Node: Obtaining\n+00003ca0: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n+00003cb0: 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 UB, Next: Repor\n+00003cc0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 ting bugs, Prev\n+00003cd0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00003ce0: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 lities, Up: Top\n+00003cf0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 6f77 ..Appendix A How\n+00003d00: 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 2062 to obtain and b\n+00003d10: 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a uild GRUB.******\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a .. *Caution:\n-00003d50: 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 * GRUB requires \n-00003d60: 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 2e30 binutils-2.9.1.0\n-00003d70: 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 6563 .23 or later bec\n-00003d80: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 474e ause the. GN\n-00003d90: 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 7320 U assembler has \n-00003da0: 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 6f20 been changed so \n-00003db0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 6f64 that it can prod\n-00003dc0: 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 730a uce real 16bits.\n-00003dd0: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 6f64 machine cod\n-00003de0: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e 3120 e between 2.9.1 \n-00003df0: 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 2020 and 2.9.1.0.x. \n-00003e00: 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 3a2f See. , \n-00003e30: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f 726d to obtain inform\n-00003e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 2020 ation on how. \n-00003e50: 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c 6174 to get the lat\n-00003e60: 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 est version... \n-00003e70: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 GRUB is availab\n-00003e80: 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e 5520 le from the GNU \n-00003e90: 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 7369 alpha archive si\n-00003ea0: 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e 676e te. \n-00003ec0: 6f72 2061 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6d69 or any of its mi\n-00003ed0: 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 rrors. The file\n-00003ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 2067 will be.named g\n-00003ef0: 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 722e rub-version.tar.\n-00003f00: 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 gz. The current\n-00003f10: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e 3132 version is 2.12\n-00003f20: 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 796f , so the file yo\n-00003f30: 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 6973 u.should grab is\n-00003f40: 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 :.. .. To unbun\n-00003f80: 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 6865 dle GRUB use the\n-00003f90: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 instruction:.. \n-00003fa0: 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d 322e zcat grub-2.\n-00003fb0: 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 7220 12.tar.gz | tar \n-00003fc0: 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 6820 xvf -.. which \n-00003fd0: 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 6469 will create a di\n-00003fe0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 rectory called .\n-00003ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 2077 ..grub-2.12... w\n-00004000: 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f 7572 ith all the.sour\n-00004010: 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ces. You can lo\n-00004020: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ok at the file .\n-00004030: 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 6f72 ..INSTALL... for\n-00004040: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 7275 detailed instru\n-00004050: 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 746f ctions.on how to\n-00004060: 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 build and insta\n-00004070: 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 ll GRUB, but you\n-00004080: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n-00004090: 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 2020 to just do:.. \n-000040a0: 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 0a20 cd grub-2.12. \n-000040b0: 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 650a ./configure.\n-000040c0: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 616c make instal\n-000040d0: 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 6520 l.. Also, the \n-000040e0: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 latest version i\n-000040f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 696e s available usin\n-00004100: 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 7474 g Git. See. for more.infor\n-00004150: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-00004160: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004170: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n-00004180: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 7265 s, Next: Future\n-00004190: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 , Prev: Obtaini\n-000041a0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n-000041b0: 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a GRUB, Up: Top..\n-000041c0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 6f72 Appendix B Repor\n-000041d0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ting bugs.******\n+00003d40: 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e *.. *Caution\n+00003d50: 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 :* GRUB requires\n+00003d60: 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e 312e binutils-2.9.1.\n+00003d70: 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 6265 0.23 or later be\n+00003d80: 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 cause the. G\n+00003d90: 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 6173 NU assembler has\n+00003da0: 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 736f been changed so\n+00003db0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 726f that it can pro\n+00003dc0: 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 7473 duce real 16bits\n+00003dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 636f . machine co\n+00003de0: 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 2e31 de between 2.9.1\n+00003df0: 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 2e20 and 2.9.1.0.x. \n+00003e00: 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 703a See. ,\n+00003e30: 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2069 6e66 6f72 to obtain infor\n+00003e40: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a 2020 mation on how. \n+00003e50: 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 6c61 to get the la\n+00003e60: 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 test version... \n+00003e70: 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 GRUB is availa\n+00003e80: 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 4e55 ble from the GNU\n+00003e90: 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 2073 alpha archive s\n+00003ea0: 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 2e67 ite.\n+00003ec0: 206f 7220 616e 7920 6f66 2069 7473 206d or any of its m\n+00003ed0: 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c irrors. The fil\n+00003ee0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 e will be.named \n+00003ef0: 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 6172 grub-version.tar\n+00003f00: 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e .gz. The curren\n+00003f10: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 2e31 t version is 2.1\n+00003f20: 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2079 2, so the file y\n+00003f30: 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 2069 ou.should grab i\n+00003f40: 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 s:.. .. To unbu\n+00003f80: 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 7468 ndle GRUB use th\n+00003f90: 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a 0a0a e instruction:..\n+00003fa0: 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 2d32 zcat grub-2\n+00003fb0: 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 6172 .12.tar.gz | tar\n+00003fc0: 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 6368 xvf -.. which\n+00003fd0: 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 2064 will create a d\n+00003fe0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 6420 irectory called \n+00003ff0: e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 e280 9920 ...grub-2.12... \n+00004000: 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 with all the.sou\n+00004010: 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c rces. You can l\n+00004020: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ook at the file \n+00004030: e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 9920 666f ...INSTALL... fo\n+00004040: 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 r detailed instr\n+00004050: 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 uctions.on how t\n+00004060: 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 o build and inst\n+00004070: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f all GRUB, but yo\n+00004080: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 u should be able\n+00004090: 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 to just do:.. \n+000040a0: 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 320a cd grub-2.12.\n+000040b0: 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 ./configure\n+000040c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 . make insta\n+000040d0: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 ll.. Also, the\n+000040e0: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 latest version \n+000040f0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 is available usi\n+00004100: 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 ng Git. See. for more.info\n+00004150: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+00004160: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004170: 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 de: Reporting bu\n+00004180: 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 gs, Next: Futur\n+00004190: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e e, Prev: Obtain\n+000041a0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+000041b0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a GRUB, Up: Top.\n+000041c0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f .Appendix B Repo\n+000041d0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a rting bugs.*****\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 2074 ***..These are t\n-00004200: 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 he guideline for\n-00004210: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 2062 how to report b\n-00004220: 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f ugs. Take a loo\n-00004230: 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 2062 k at this.list b\n-00004240: 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f 7520 elow before you \n-00004250: 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a 2020 submit bugs:.. \n-00004260: 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 696e 1. Before gettin\n-00004270: 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 6561 g unsettled, rea\n-00004280: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 7468 d this manual th\n-00004290: 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f 7567 rough and throug\n-000042a0: 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7365 h.. Also, se\n-000042b0: 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 2046 e the GNU GRUB F\n-000042c0: 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f AQ. (http://\n-000042d0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n-000042e0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2d66 ware/grub/grub-f\n-000042f0: 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 aq.html)... 2. \n-00004300: 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 Always mention t\n-00004310: 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f he information o\n-00004320: 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 n your GRUB. The\n-00004330: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00004340: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e and. the con\n-00004350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 2071 figuration are q\n-00004360: 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e20 uite important. \n-00004370: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 6974 If you build it\n-00004380: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 yourself,. \n-00004390: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e write the option\n-000043a0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2074 s specified to t\n-000043b0: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 6372 he configure scr\n-000043c0: 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 ipt and your. \n-000043d0: 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 operating syst\n-000043e0: 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 em, including th\n-000043f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6763 e versions of gc\n-00004400: 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2e0a c and binutils..\n-00004410: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . 3. If you hav\n-00004420: 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 e trouble with t\n-00004430: 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c he installation,\n-00004440: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 686f inform us of ho\n-00004450: 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 w you. insta\n-00004460: 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e 2774 lled GRUB. Don't\n-00004470: 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 omit error mess\n-00004480: 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 204a ages, if any. J\n-00004490: 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 2020 ust ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e 2069 hangs up when i\n-000044b0: 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f t boots... is no\n-000044c0: 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t enough... \n-000044d0: 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 The information \n-000044e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 on your hardware\n-000044f0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e 7469 is also essenti\n-00004500: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 0a20 al. These are. \n-00004510: 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 2069 especially i\n-00004520: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 6765 mportant: the ge\n-00004530: 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ometries and the\n-00004540: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n-00004550: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 2068 s of. your h\n-00004560: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ard disk drives \n-00004570: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a and your BIOS...\n-00004580: 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 616e 4. If GRUB can\n-00004590: 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 not boot your op\n-000045a0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-000045b0: 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 6572 write down _ever\n-000045c0: 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 ything_. you\n-000045d0: 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 see on the scre\n-000045e0: 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 6170 en. Don't parap\n-000045f0: 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 hrase them, like\n-00004600: 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 0a20 ...The foo OS. \n-00004610: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 7468 crashes with\n-00004620: 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 GRUB, even thou\n-00004630: 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 2077 gh it can boot w\n-00004640: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f 6f74 ith the bar boot\n-00004650: 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a 7573 loader. jus\n-00004660: 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 6e74 t fine.... Ment\n-00004670: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ion the commands\n-00004680: 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2074 you executed, t\n-00004690: 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 2020 he messages. \n-000046a0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 656d printed by them\n-000046b0: 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f , and informatio\n-000046c0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 n on your operat\n-000046d0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 6c75 ing system inclu\n-000046e0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7665 ding. the ve\n-000046f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a 0a20 rsion number... \n-00004700: 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 6174 5. Explain what\n-00004710: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f 2064 you wanted to d\n-00004720: 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 2075 o. It is very u\n-00004730: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 796f seful to know yo\n-00004740: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 6520 ur. purpose \n-00004750: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c 2061 and your wish, a\n-00004760: 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 646e nd how GRUB didn\n-00004770: 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 2e0a 't satisfy you..\n-00004780: 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e . 6. If you can\n-00004790: 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 6865 investigate the\n-000047a0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 656c problem yoursel\n-000047b0: 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 2054 f, please do. T\n-000047c0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 hat will. gi\n-000047d0: 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 6d75 ve you and us mu\n-000047e0: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ch more informat\n-000047f0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c ion on the probl\n-00004800: 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 2061 em. Attaching a\n-00004810: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2065 . patch is e\n-00004820: 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 ven better... \n-00004830: 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 6163 When you attac\n-00004840: 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b 6520 h a patch, make \n-00004850: 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 6e69 the patch in uni\n-00004860: 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d 6174 fied diff format\n-00004870: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 , and. write\n-00004880: 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7269 ChangeLog entri\n-00004890: 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e 2077 es. But, even w\n-000048a0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 hen you make a p\n-000048b0: 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 2020 atch, don't. \n-000048c0: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 6c61 forget to expla\n-000048d0: 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2c20 in the problem, \n-000048e0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 2075 so that we can u\n-000048f0: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 2079 nderstand what y\n-00004900: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 our. patch i\n-00004910: 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 7269 s for... 7. Wri\n-00004920: 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 te down anything\n-00004930: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e 6b20 that you think \n-00004940: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 6564 might be related\n-00004950: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2075 . Please. u\n-00004960: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 2077 nderstand that w\n-00004970: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 e often need to \n-00004980: 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 7361 reproduce the sa\n-00004990: 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 0a20 me problem you. \n-000049a0: 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 6420 encountered \n-000049b0: 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 in our environme\n-000049c0: 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 6e66 nt. So your inf\n-000049d0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 ormation should \n-000049e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 6965 be. sufficie\n-000049f0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 6f20 nt for us to do \n-00004a00: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 2d2d the same thing--\n-00004a10: 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 6861 Don't forget tha\n-00004a20: 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 t we cannot. \n-00004a30: 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 see your comput\n-00004a40: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 4966 er directly. If\n-00004a50: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7572 you are not sur\n-00004a60: 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 7461 e whether to sta\n-00004a70: 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 206f te a. fact o\n-00004a80: 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 2c20 r leave it out, \n-00004a90: 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 6f72 state it! Repor\n-00004aa0: 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 7468 ting too many th\n-00004ab0: 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 2020 ings is much. \n-00004ac0: 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f6d better than om\n-00004ad0: 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 itting something\n-00004ae0: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 important... \n-00004af0: 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 If you follow th\n-00004b00: 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 6f76 e guideline abov\n-00004b10: 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f e, submit a repo\n-00004b20: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 rt to the Bug.Tr\n-00004b30: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 2868 acking System (h\n-00004b40: 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 2e67 ttp://savannah.g\n-00004b50: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 726f nu.org/bugs/?gro\n-00004b60: 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 726e up=grub)..Altern\n-00004b70: 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 616e atively, you can\n-00004b80: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f 7274 submit a report\n-00004b90: 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 6320 via electronic \n-00004ba0: 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 7275 mail to., but \n-00004bc0: 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 636f we strongly reco\n-00004bd0: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2075 mmend that you u\n-00004be0: 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b se the Bug.Track\n-00004bf0: 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 6361 ing System, beca\n-00004c00: 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e 2062 use e-mail can b\n-00004c10: 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 6561 e passed over ea\n-00004c20: 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2077 sily... Once w\n-00004c30: 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 6f72 e get your repor\n-00004c40: 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 t, we will try t\n-00004c50: 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 2e0a o fix the bugs..\n-00004c60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004c70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 7572 fo, Node: Futur\n-00004c80: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 696e e, Next: Copyin\n-00004c90: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 g This Manual, \n-00004ca0: 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 Prev: Reporting \n-00004cb0: 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a bugs, Up: Top..\n-00004cc0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 7265 Appendix C Where\n-00004cd0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a 2a2a GRUB will go.**\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 ****..These are \n+00004200: 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f the guideline fo\n+00004210: 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 r how to report \n+00004220: 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f bugs. Take a lo\n+00004230: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 ok at this.list \n+00004240: 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 below before you\n+00004250: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 submit bugs:.. \n+00004260: 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 1. Before getti\n+00004270: 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 ng unsettled, re\n+00004280: 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 ad this manual t\n+00004290: 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 hrough and throu\n+000042a0: 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 gh.. Also, s\n+000042b0: 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 ee the GNU GRUB \n+000042c0: 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f FAQ. (http:/\n+000042d0: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n+000042e0: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d tware/grub/grub-\n+000042f0: 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e faq.html)... 2.\n+00004300: 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 Always mention \n+00004310: 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 the information \n+00004320: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 on your GRUB. Th\n+00004330: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00004340: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f and. the co\n+00004350: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 nfiguration are \n+00004360: 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e quite important.\n+00004370: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 If you build i\n+00004380: 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 t yourself,. \n+00004390: 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f write the optio\n+000043a0: 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 ns specified to \n+000043b0: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 the configure sc\n+000043c0: 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 ript and your. \n+000043d0: 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 operating sys\n+000043e0: 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 tem, including t\n+000043f0: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 he versions of g\n+00004400: 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e cc and binutils.\n+00004410: 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 .. 3. If you ha\n+00004420: 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 ve trouble with \n+00004430: 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e the installation\n+00004440: 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 , inform us of h\n+00004450: 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 ow you. inst\n+00004460: 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 alled GRUB. Don'\n+00004470: 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 t omit error mes\n+00004480: 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 sages, if any. \n+00004490: 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 0a20 2020 Just ...GRUB. \n+000044a0: 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 hangs up when \n+000044b0: 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 6973 206e it boots... is n\n+000044c0: 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 ot enough... \n+000044d0: 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e The information\n+000044e0: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 on your hardwar\n+000044f0: 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 e is also essent\n+00004500: 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 650a ial. These are.\n+00004510: 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 especially \n+00004520: 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 6865 2067 important: the g\n+00004530: 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e 6420 7468 eometries and th\n+00004540: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n+00004550: 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 es of. your \n+00004560: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 hard disk drives\n+00004570: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a and your BIOS..\n+00004580: 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 4220 6361 . 4. If GRUB ca\n+00004590: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 206f nnot boot your o\n+000045a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+000045b0: 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 write down _eve\n+000045c0: 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 2020 796f rything_. yo\n+000045d0: 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 u see on the scr\n+000045e0: 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 7061 7261 een. Don't para\n+000045f0: 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c 206c 696b phrase them, lik\n+00004600: 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f 204f 530a e ...The foo OS.\n+00004610: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2077 6974 crashes wit\n+00004620: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f h GRUB, even tho\n+00004630: 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 6f6f 7420 ugh it can boot \n+00004640: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 2062 6f6f with the bar boo\n+00004650: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6a75 t loader. ju\n+00004660: 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 204d 656e st fine.... Men\n+00004670: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tion the command\n+00004680: 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 s you executed, \n+00004690: 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 2020 the messages. \n+000046a0: 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 printed by the\n+000046b0: 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 m, and informati\n+000046c0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 on on your opera\n+000046d0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 636c ting system incl\n+000046e0: 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 uding. the v\n+000046f0: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e 0a0a ersion number...\n+00004700: 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 6861 5. Explain wha\n+00004710: 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 t you wanted to \n+00004720: 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 7920 do. It is very \n+00004730: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2079 useful to know y\n+00004740: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f 7365 our. purpose\n+00004750: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 2c20 and your wish, \n+00004760: 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 6964 and how GRUB did\n+00004770: 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f 752e n't satisfy you.\n+00004780: 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6361 .. 6. If you ca\n+00004790: 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 7468 n investigate th\n+000047a0: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 7365 e problem yourse\n+000047b0: 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e 2020 lf, please do. \n+000047c0: 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2067 That will. g\n+000047d0: 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 206d ive you and us m\n+000047e0: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 uch more informa\n+000047f0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 tion on the prob\n+00004800: 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e 6720 lem. Attaching \n+00004810: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 7320 a. patch is \n+00004820: 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a 2020 even better... \n+00004830: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 7461 When you atta\n+00004840: 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 6b65 ch a patch, make\n+00004850: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 756e the patch in un\n+00004860: 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 6d61 ified diff forma\n+00004870: 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 t, and. writ\n+00004880: 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e 7472 e ChangeLog entr\n+00004890: 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 6e20 ies. But, even \n+000048a0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6120 when you make a \n+000048b0: 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 2020 patch, don't. \n+000048c0: 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 706c forget to expl\n+000048d0: 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c ain the problem,\n+000048e0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e20 so that we can \n+000048f0: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 7420 understand what \n+00004900: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 your. patch \n+00004910: 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 5772 is for... 7. Wr\n+00004920: 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 696e ite down anythin\n+00004930: 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 6e6b g that you think\n+00004940: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 7465 might be relate\n+00004950: 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 d. Please. \n+00004960: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 7420 understand that \n+00004970: 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f we often need to\n+00004980: 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 2073 reproduce the s\n+00004990: 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 750a ame problem you.\n+000049a0: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 6564 encountered\n+000049b0: 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in our environm\n+000049c0: 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 696e ent. So your in\n+000049d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 formation should\n+000049e0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 6369 be. suffici\n+000049f0: 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 646f ent for us to do\n+00004a00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e 672d the same thing-\n+00004a10: 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 -Don't forget th\n+00004a20: 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 2020 at we cannot. \n+00004a30: 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 see your compu\n+00004a40: 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2049 ter directly. I\n+00004a50: 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 f you are not su\n+00004a60: 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 7374 re whether to st\n+00004a70: 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 7420 ate a. fact \n+00004a80: 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 742c or leave it out,\n+00004a90: 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 706f state it! Repo\n+00004aa0: 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2074 rting too many t\n+00004ab0: 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a 2020 hings is much. \n+00004ac0: 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f better than o\n+00004ad0: 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 696e mitting somethin\n+00004ae0: 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a 2020 g important... \n+00004af0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 2074 If you follow t\n+00004b00: 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 626f he guideline abo\n+00004b10: 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 ve, submit a rep\n+00004b20: 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ort to the Bug.T\n+00004b30: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2028 racking System (\n+00004b40: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e http://savannah.\n+00004b50: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f 6772 gnu.org/bugs/?gr\n+00004b60: 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 6572 oup=grub)..Alter\n+00004b70: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 6361 natively, you ca\n+00004b80: 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 6f72 n submit a repor\n+00004b90: 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e 6963 t via electronic\n+00004ba0: 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d 6772 mail to., but\n+00004bc0: 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 6563 we strongly rec\n+00004bd0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ommend that you \n+00004be0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 6163 use the Bug.Trac\n+00004bf0: 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 6563 king System, bec\n+00004c00: 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 6e20 ause e-mail can \n+00004c10: 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 2065 be passed over e\n+00004c20: 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 6520 asily... Once \n+00004c30: 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 706f we get your repo\n+00004c40: 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 rt, we will try \n+00004c50: 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 732e to fix the bugs.\n+00004c60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004c70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 nfo, Node: Futu\n+00004c80: 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 re, Next: Copyi\n+00004c90: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n+00004ca0: 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Prev: Reporting\n+00004cb0: 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a bugs, Up: Top.\n+00004cc0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 6572 .Appendix C Wher\n+00004cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f 0a2a e GRUB will go.*\n 00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n-00004d00: 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 7465 B 2 is now quite\n-00004d10: 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 6564 stable and used\n-00004d20: 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 6374 in many product\n-00004d30: 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5765 ion systems. We\n-00004d40: 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2077 are.currently w\n-00004d50: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 2061 orking towards a\n-00004d60: 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a 0a20 2.0 release... \n-00004d70: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 6e74 If you are int\n-00004d80: 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2064 erested in the d\n-00004d90: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 4752 evelopment of GR\n-00004da0: 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f UB 2, take a loo\n-00004db0: 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 6167 k at.the homepag\n-00004dc0: 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e (http://www.gn\n-00004dd0: 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 u.org/software/g\n-00004de0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a rub/grub.html)..\n-00004df0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004e00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 7969 fo, Node: Copyi\n-00004e10: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n-00004e20: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 2050 Next: Index, P\n-00004e30: 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5570 rev: Future, Up\n-00004e40: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00004e50: 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d D Copying This M\n-00004e60: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a anual.**********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+00004d00: 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 6974 UB 2 is now quit\n+00004d10: 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 e stable and use\n+00004d20: 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 7563 d in many produc\n+00004d30: 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2057 tion systems. W\n+00004d40: 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 e are.currently \n+00004d50: 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 7320 working towards \n+00004d60: 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e 0a0a a 2.0 release...\n+00004d70: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 696e If you are in\n+00004d80: 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 terested in the \n+00004d90: 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 2047 development of G\n+00004da0: 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 6c6f RUB 2, take a lo\n+00004db0: 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 7061 ok at.the homepa\n+00004dc0: 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 ge (http://www.g\n+00004dd0: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f nu.org/software/\n+00004de0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c 292e grub/grub.html).\n+00004df0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004e00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 nfo, Node: Copy\n+00004e10: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n+00004e20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 Next: Index, \n+00004e30: 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2055 Prev: Future, U\n+00004e40: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n+00004e50: 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 D Copying This \n+00004e60: 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Manual.*********\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n-00004e90: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004ea0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 653a ntation License:\n-00004eb0: 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 2063 : License for c\n-00004ec0: 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 opying this manu\n-00004ed0: 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 al.....File: gru\n-00004ee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-00004ef0: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00004f00: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2020 ation License, \n-00004f10: 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Up: Copying This\n-00004f20: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 4e55 Manual..D.1 GNU\n-00004f30: 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 Free Documentat\n-00004f40: 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d 3d3d ion License.====\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00004e90: 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d * GNU Free Docum\n+00004ea0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00004eb0: 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 :: License for \n+00004ec0: 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d 616e copying this man\n+00004ed0: 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ual.....File: gr\n+00004ee0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004ef0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+00004f00: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 tation License, \n+00004f10: 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 Up: Copying Thi\n+00004f20: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 474e s Manual..D.1 GN\n+00004f30: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n+00004f40: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d tion License.===\n 00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00004f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 312e Version 1.\n-00004f90: 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 3230 3032 2, November 2002\n-00004fa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 .. 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A\n-00009bc0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6174 ny other. at\n-00009bd0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 206d tempt to copy, m\n-00009be0: 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 6c69 6365 6e73 odify, sublicens\n-00009bf0: 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 e or distribute \n-00009c00: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 730a the Document is.\n-00009c10: 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c 2061 6e64 2077 void, and w\n-00009c20: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-00009c30: 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 6520 796f 7572 y terminate your\n-00009c40: 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 rights under th\n-00009c50: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 652e is. 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Such new. \n-00009dd0: 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c versions will\n-00009de0: 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 696e 2073 be similar in s\n-00009df0: 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 pirit to the pre\n-00009e00: 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 6275 sent version, bu\n-00009e10: 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 t may. diffe\n-00009e20: 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 6c20 746f 2061 r in detail to a\n-00009e30: 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 2070 726f 626c ddress new probl\n-00009e40: 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 732e ems or concerns.\n-00009e50: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. ... \n-00009e80: 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 Each version of\n-00009e90: 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 the License is \n-00009ea0: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 7374 696e 6775 given a distingu\n-00009eb0: 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 0a20 ishing version. \n-00009ec0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 number. 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Do\n-0000a020: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 cument does not \n-0000a030: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7665 7273 696f specify a versio\n-0000a040: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 6973 n number of this\n-0000a050: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 License, you ma\n-0000a060: 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f 6f73 6520 616e y. choose an\n-0000a070: 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6576 6572 2070 y version ever p\n-0000a080: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 ublished (not as\n-0000a090: 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 6279 2074 6865 a draft) by the\n-0000a0a0: 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 7477 Free. 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4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n+0000af40: 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nse.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 (line 6).* f\n-0000af90: 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 wsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000af90: 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 702e 2020 fwsetup. \n-0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000afd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f3a ne 6).* gdbinfo:\n-0000afe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 g\n-0000b000: 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b020: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gettext: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 7570 2e20 fwsetup. \n+0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000afd0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 696e 666f ine 6).* gdbinfo\n+0000afe0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b000: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b020: 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 2020 2020 * gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 6578 742e gettext.\n-0000b050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000b060: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 7473 796e line 6).* gptsyn\n-0000b070: 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 7465 7874 gettext\n+0000b050: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000b060: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 (line 6).* gptsy\n+0000b070: 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nc: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b0b0: 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b0b0: 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 2e20 halt. \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c 742e halt.\n 0000b0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 7368 (line 6).* hash\n-0000b100: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n+0000b0f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 6173 (line 6).* has\n+0000b100: 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 2020 2020 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b140: 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 2020 2020 6).* help: \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 hashsum. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b140: 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 2020 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6c70 help\n-0000b170: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b180: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 (line 6).* he\n-0000b190: 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xdump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 656c hel\n+0000b170: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 (line 6).* h\n+0000b190: 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 exdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2e20 2020 hexdump. \n-0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b1d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 2020 e 6).* initrd: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d 702e 2020 hexdump. \n+0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b1d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a20 ne 6).* initrd: \n 0000b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-0000b200: 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b220: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 2020 2020 initrd16: \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+0000b200: 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nitrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b220: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 2020 initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362e initrd16.\n-0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b260: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a ine 6).* insmod:\n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 initrd16\n+0000b250: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000b260: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 line 6).* insmod\n+0000b270: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b2b0: 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 2020 2020 * keystatus: \n+0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b2b0: 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a20 2020 .* keystatus: \n 0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7374 6174 keystat\n-0000b2e0: 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us. \n-0000b2f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 (line 6).* linux\n-0000b300: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7973 7461 keysta\n+0000b2e0: 7475 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tus. \n+0000b2f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 (line 6).* linu\n+0000b300: 783a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x: \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b340: 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 2020 2020 ).* linux16: \n+0000b320: 2020 206c 696e 7578 2e20 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b340: 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a20 2020 6).* linux16: \n 0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-0000b370: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n-0000b380: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 (line 6).* lis\n-0000b390: 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_env: \n+0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n+0000b370: 7831 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16. \n+0000b380: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 (line 6).* li\n+0000b390: 7374 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 st_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 list_env. \n-0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b3d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6).* list_trust\n-0000b3e0: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 lis\n-0000b400: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 2020 2020 t_trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b420: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oad_env: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 656e 762e 2020 list_env. \n+0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b3d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 e 6).* list_trus\n+0000b3e0: 7465 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ted: \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n+0000b400: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b420: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2e20 load_env. \n-0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b460: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ne 6).* loadfont\n-0000b470: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-0000b490: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 oadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b4b0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 loopback: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762e load_env.\n+0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000b460: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e ine 6).* loadfon\n+0000b470: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b490: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b4b0: 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 2020 2020 * loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b loopback\n-0000b4e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . 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(l\n-0000b6f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 6564 ine 6).* natived\n-0000b700: 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n+0000b6e0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 t. (\n+0000b6f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 line 6).* native\n+0000b700: 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b740: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a20 * net_add_addr: \n+0000b720: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b740: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a .* net_add_addr:\n 0000b750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 net_add\n-0000b770: 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr. \n-0000b780: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 (line 6).* net_a\n-0000b790: 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_dns: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 net_ad\n+0000b770: 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_addr. \n+0000b780: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000b790: 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732e 2020 net_add_dns. \n-0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b7d0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 ).* net_add_rout\n-0000b7e0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 net_a\n-0000b800: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 dd_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000b820: 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2e20 net_add_dns. \n+0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b7d0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 6).* net_add_rou\n+0000b7e0: 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000b800: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 2020 add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000b820: 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702e 2020 net_bootp. \n-0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b860: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6).* net_del_ad\n-0000b870: 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr: \n-0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000b890: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 _del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b8b0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 et_del_dns: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2e20 net_bootp. \n+0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b860: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 e 6).* net_del_a\n+0000b870: 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr: \n+0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000b890: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 t_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b8b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_del_dns: \n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e net_del_dn\n-0000b8e0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 s. (li\n-0000b8f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n-0000b900: 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 route: \n-0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b920: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 et_del_route. \n-0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b940: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_dhcp: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 net_del_d\n+0000b8e0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c ns. (l\n+0000b8f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ine 6).* net_del\n+0000b900: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route: \n+0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b920: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e 2020 net_del_route. \n+0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b940: 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 2020 * net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 6370 net_dhcp\n-0000b970: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000b980: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 line 6).* net_ge\n-0000b990: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 2020 t_dhcp_option: \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 6863 net_dhc\n+0000b970: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n+0000b980: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 (line 6).* net_g\n+0000b990: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a20 et_dhcp_option: \n 0000b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b9b0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0000b9c0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 tion. (line 6)\n-0000b9d0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f .* net_ipv6_auto\n-0000b9e0: 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 conf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6970 net_ip\n-0000ba00: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 2020 v6_autoconf. \n-0000ba10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000ba20: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr: \n+0000b9b0: 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f net_get_dhcp_o\n+0000b9c0: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 ption. (line 6\n+0000b9d0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 ).* net_ipv6_aut\n+0000b9e0: 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f69 net_i\n+0000ba00: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2e20 2020 pv6_autoconf. \n+0000ba10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000ba20: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2e20 net_ls_addr. \n-0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ba60: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 6).* net_ls_card\n-0000ba70: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000ba90: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000bab0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722e net_ls_addr.\n+0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ba60: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6).* net_ls_car\n+0000ba70: 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ds: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000ba90: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 2020 _ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000bab0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 et_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732e net_ls_dns.\n-0000bae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000baf0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f e 6).* net_ls_ro\n-0000bb00: 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utes: \n-0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000bb20: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bb40: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 2020 net_nslookup: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 net_ls_dns\n+0000bae0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n+0000baf0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 ne 6).* net_ls_r\n+0000bb00: 6f75 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 outes: \n+0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000bb20: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2e20 2020 et_ls_routes. \n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bb40: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 2020 net_nslookup: \n 0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f net_nsloo\n-0000bb70: 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c kup. (l\n-0000bb80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 ine 6).* net_set\n-0000bb90: 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _vlan: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f net_nslo\n+0000bb70: 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 okup. (\n+0000bb80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 line 6).* net_se\n+0000bb90: 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 2020 net_set_vlan. \n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bbd0: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * normal: \n+0000bbb0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2e 2020 net_set_vlan. \n+0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bbd0: 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2e normal.\n-0000bc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 (line 6).* norma\n-0000bc20: 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c normal\n+0000bc00: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bc10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d (line 6).* norm\n+0000bc20: 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 al_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e 2020 normal_exit. \n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bc60: 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 2020 ).* parttool: \n+0000bc40: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2e20 normal_exit. \n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bc60: 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 2020 6).* parttool: \n 0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 partt\n-0000bc90: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 (line 6).* pas\n-0000bcb0: 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sword: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 part\n+0000bc90: 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 (line 6).* pa\n+0000bcb0: 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ssword: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2020 password. \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bcf0: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 6).* password_p\n-0000bd00: 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bkdf2: \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 pas\n-0000bd20: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 2020 sword_pbkdf2. \n-0000bd30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n-0000bd40: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 2020 lainmount: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 2020 password. \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bcf0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f e 6).* password_\n+0000bd00: 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2: \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 pa\n+0000bd20: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322e 2020 ssword_pbkdf2. \n+0000bd30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bd40: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 plainmount\n-0000bd70: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n-0000bd80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 2020 ne 6).* play: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n+0000bd70: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c t. (l\n+0000bd80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 2020 ine 6).* play: \n 0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0000bdb0: 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bdd0: 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe: \n+0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdb0: 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bdd0: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e 2020 probe. \n-0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000be10: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a line 6).* rdmsr:\n-0000be20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 2e20 probe. \n+0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000be10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 (line 6).* rdmsr\n+0000be20: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000be60: 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000be60: 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 2e20 read. \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6561 642e read.\n 0000be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bea0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 626f (line 6).* rebo\n-0000beb0: 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot: \n+0000bea0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6562 (line 6).* reb\n+0000beb0: 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bef0: 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 2020 6).* regexp: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bef0: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 2020 6).* regexp: \n 0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6765 rege\n-0000bf20: 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 726d (line 6).* rm\n-0000bf40: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 reg\n+0000bf20: 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000bf40: 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bf80: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a e 6).* save_env:\n-0000bf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n-0000bfb0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bfd0: 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bf80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ne 6).* save_env\n+0000bf90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000bfb0: 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ave_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bfd0: 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 2020 search. \n-0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c010: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 ine 6).* sendkey\n-0000c020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e20 search. \n+0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c010: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 line 6).* sendke\n+0000c020: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c060: 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * serial: \n+0000c040: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c060: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c2e serial.\n-0000c090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 3a20 (line 6).* set: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+0000c090: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c0a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 743a (line 6).* set:\n 0000c0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c0f0: 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 ).* sha1sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c0f0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n 0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3173 sha1s\n-0000c120: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n-0000c130: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 (line 6).* sha\n-0000c140: 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 256sum: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6131 sha1\n+0000c120: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 (line 6).* sh\n+0000c140: 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e 2020 sha256sum. \n-0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c180: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 6).* sha512sum:\n-0000c190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-0000c1b0: 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c1d0: 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2e20 sha256sum. \n+0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c180: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d e 6).* sha512sum\n+0000c190: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n+0000c1b0: 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 a512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c1d0: 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 2020 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c210: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a20 ne 6).* smbios: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2020 sleep. \n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c210: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a ine 6).* smbios:\n 0000c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c240: 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c260: 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source: \n+0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c240: 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c260: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 2e20 source. \n-0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c2a0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d 656e line 6).* submen\n-0000c2b0: 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 652e source.\n+0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c2a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 (line 6).* subme\n+0000c2b0: 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c2f0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .* terminal_inpu\n-0000c300: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n-0000c320: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 al_input. \n-0000c330: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n-0000c340: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 2020 inal_output: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c2f0: 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ).* terminal_inp\n+0000c300: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+0000c320: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 nal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 (line 6).* ter\n+0000c340: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 2020 minal_output: \n 0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 3135 3336 4.Node: ls.21536\n-00001870: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 737f 6.Node: lsfonts.\n-00001880: 3231 3538 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 215893.Node: lsm\n-00001890: 6f64 7f32 3136 3036 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.216060.Node: \n-000018a0: 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3233 350a 4e6f md5sum.216235.No\n-000018b0: 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 3136 3530 de: module.21650\n-000018c0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7.Node: multiboo\n-000018d0: 747f 3231 3638 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e t.216804.Node: n\n-000018e0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 3739 3032 ativedisk.217902\n-000018f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3231 .Node: normal.21\n-00001900: 3832 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8286.Node: norma\n-00001910: 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3035 340a 4e6f l_exit.219054.No\n-00001920: 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 7f32 3139 de: parttool.219\n-00001930: 3336 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 361.Node: passwo\n-00001940: 7264 7f32 3230 3838 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 rd.220888.Node: \n-00001950: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 327f password_pbkdf2.\n-00001960: 3232 3131 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 221155.Node: pla\n-00001970: 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3135 3538 0a4e inmount.221558.N\n-00001980: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d ode: plainmount-\n-00001990: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 3533 3230 Footnotes.225320\n-000019a0: 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 .Ref: plainmount\n-000019b0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3232 3533 -Footnote-1.2253\n-000019c0: 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 3232 85.Node: play.22\n-000019d0: 3534 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 5476.Node: probe\n-000019e0: 7f32 3236 3230 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .226204.Node: rd\n-000019f0: 6d73 727f 3232 3636 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.226675.Node:\n-00001a00: 2072 6561 647f 3232 3734 3437 0a4e 6f64 read.227447.Nod\n-00001a10: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 3738 3930 e: reboot.227890\n-00001a20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 3232 .Node: regexp.22\n-00001a30: 3830 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 8058.Node: rmmod\n-00001a40: 7f32 3238 3539 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .228590.Node: sa\n-00001a50: 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3238 3736 380a 4e6f ve_env.228768.No\n-00001a60: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3239 3738 de: search.22978\n-00001a70: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 797f 5.Node: sendkey.\n-00001a80: 3233 3133 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 231399.Node: set\n-00001a90: 7f32 3337 3931 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .237913.Node: sh\n-00001aa0: 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3833 3235 0a4e 6f64 a1sum.238325.Nod\n-00001ab0: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 3338 e: sha256sum.238\n-00001ac0: 3630 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 603.Node: sha512\n-00001ad0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3838 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.238895.Node:\n-00001ae0: 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3138 350a 4e6f sleep.239185.No\n-00001af0: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3339 3639 de: smbios.23969\n-00001b00: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 7f32 8.Node: source.2\n-00001b10: 3432 3736 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 42762.Node: test\n-00001b20: 7f32 3433 3330 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .243308.Node: tr\n-00001b30: 7565 7f32 3436 3138 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.246182.Node: \n-00001b40: 7472 7573 747f 3234 3634 3631 0a4e 6f64 trust.246461.Nod\n-00001b50: 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 3236 340a e: unset.247264.\n-00001b60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n-00001b70: 6163 6865 647f 3234 3734 3633 0a4e 6f64 ached.247463.Nod\n-00001b80: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 3438 e: videoinfo.248\n-00001b90: 3530 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 727f 507.Node: wrmsr.\n-00001ba0: 3234 3837 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 248770.Node: Net\n-00001bb0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-00001bc0: 7f32 3439 3534 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .249546.Node: ne\n-00001bd0: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 3530 3631 t_add_addr.25061\n-00001be0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 9.Node: net_add_\n-00001bf0: 646e 737f 3235 3131 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a dns.251143.Node:\n-00001c00: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 net_add_route.2\n-00001c10: 3531 3431 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 51419.Node: net_\n-00001c20: 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3139 3437 0a4e 6f64 bootp.251947.Nod\n-00001c30: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 727f e: net_del_addr.\n-00001c40: 3235 3233 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252312.Node: net\n-00001c50: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3532 3535 320a _del_dns.252552.\n-00001c60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Node: net_del_ro\n-00001c70: 7574 657f 3235 3237 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.252799.Node:\n-00001c80: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3235 3330 3333 net_dhcp.253033\n-00001c90: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 .Node: net_get_d\n-00001ca0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 3535 3130 hcp_option.25510\n-00001cb0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 8.Node: net_ipv6\n-00001cc0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 3536 3039 _autoconf.255609\n-00001cd0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 .Node: net_ls_ad\n-00001ce0: 6472 7f32 3536 3033 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 dr.256034.Node: \n-00001cf0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 7f32 3536 net_ls_cards.256\n-00001d00: 3238 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 282.Node: net_ls\n-00001d10: 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3531 380a 4e6f 6465 _dns.256518.Node\n-00001d20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 737f : net_ls_routes.\n-00001d30: 3235 3637 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 256749.Node: net\n-00001d40: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 3639 3536 _nslookup.256956\n-00001d50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 .Node: net_set_v\n-00001d60: 6c61 6e7f 3235 3732 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a lan.257261.Node:\n-00001d70: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n-00001d80: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3537 3732 340a 4e6f mmands.257724.No\n-00001d90: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 de: Internationa\n-00001da0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3633 3433 360a lisation.263436.\n-00001db0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 7f32 Node: Security.2\n-00001dc0: 3730 3237 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 70276.Node: Auth\n-00001dd0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n-00001de0: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3730 uthorisation.270\n-00001df0: 3835 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 852.Node: Using \n-00001e00: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00001e10: 6573 7f32 3734 3034 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.274048.Node: \n-00001e20: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00001e30: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f 3237 3734 3134 and shim.277414\n-00001e40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f .Node: Secure Bo\n-00001e50: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n-00001e60: 6574 696e 677f 3237 3835 3933 0a4e 6f64 eting.278593.Nod\n-00001e70: 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 e: Measured Boot\n-00001e80: 7f32 3739 3633 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .279632.Node: Lo\n-00001e90: 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3831 3633 340a 4e6f ckdown.281634.No\n-00001ea0: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d de: Platform lim\n-00001eb0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 3133 350a itations.282135.\n-00001ec0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Node: Platform-s\n-00001ed0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n-00001ee0: 6e73 7f32 3930 3134 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ns.290144.Node: \n-00001ef0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00001f00: 737f 3239 3132 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 2054 s.291235.Node: T\n-00001f10: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 7f32 roubleshooting.2\n-00001f20: 3938 3837 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 98872.Node: GRUB\n-00001f30: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00001f40: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f 3239 3931 escue shell.2991\n-00001f50: 3431 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 41.Node: Firmwar\n-00001f60: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00001f70: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-00001f80: 7f33 3033 3336 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 .303365.Node: Us\n-00001f90: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00001fa0: 6573 7f33 3033 3939 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.303996.Node: \n-00001fb0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n-00001fc0: 7374 616c 6c7f 3330 3437 3237 0a4e 6f64 stall.304727.Nod\n-00001fd0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-00001fe0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 677f 3330 3639 3530 -mkconfig.306950\n-00001ff0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n-00002000: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00002010: 6b64 6632 7f33 3037 3633 320a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.307632.Node\n-00002020: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00002030: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 687f 3330 3833 3434 mkrelpath.308344\n-00002040: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n-00002050: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 657f 3330 grub-mkrescue.30\n-00002060: 3931 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 9166.Node: Invok\n-00002070: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 7f33 ing grub-mount.3\n-00002080: 3131 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 11024.Node: Invo\n-00002090: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 657f king grub-probe.\n-000020a0: 3331 3431 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 314178.Node: Inv\n-000020b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-000020c0: 742d 6368 6563 6b7f 3331 3639 3431 0a4e t-check.316941.N\n-000020d0: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n-000020e0: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n-000020f0: 7f33 3137 3639 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 .317698.Node: Re\n-00002100: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 7f33 3138 porting bugs.318\n-00002110: 3934 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 7265 943.Node: Future\n-00002120: 7f33 3231 3736 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .321767.Node: Co\n-00002130: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00002140: 6c7f 3332 3231 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 l.322167.Node: G\n-00002150: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00002160: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 657f 3332 ation License.32\n-00002170: 3233 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Fou\n+000001c0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 6e6f ndation; with no\n+000001d0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000001e0: 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 5345 ons..INFO-DIR-SE\n+000001f0: 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 5441 CTION Kernel.STA\n+00000200: 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 RT-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n+00000210: 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 6229 Y.* GRUB: (grub)\n+00000220: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00000230: 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e 6966 The GRand Unif\n+00000240: 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a ied Bootloader.*\n+00000250: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 2028 grub-install: (\n+00000260: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+00000270: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 2049 ub-install. I\n+00000280: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+00000290: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 7562 our drive.* grub\n+000002a0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 7562 -mkconfig: (grub\n+000002b0: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+000002c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 kconfig. 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ager.157465.Node\n+000011c0: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 7f31 3537 3732 350a : prefix.157725.\n+000011d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Node: pxe_blksiz\n+000011e0: 657f 3135 3831 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 e.158182.Node: p\n+000011f0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n+00001200: 6179 7f31 3538 3335 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ay.158359.Node: \n+00001210: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n+00001220: 6572 7f31 3538 3536 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 er.158564.Node: \n+00001230: 726f 6f74 7f31 3538 3736 300a 4e6f 6465 root.158760.Node\n+00001240: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b7f 3135 3933 : shim_lock.1593\n+00001250: 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 20.Node: superus\n+00001260: 6572 737f 3135 3935 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a ers.159591.Node:\n+00001270: 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 3539 3834 340a 4e6f theme.159844.No\n+00001280: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 747f 3136 3031 de: timeout.1601\n+00001290: 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 69.Node: timeout\n+000012a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 3630 3833 300a 4e6f _style.160830.No\n+000012b0: 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 de: tpm_fail_fat\n+000012c0: 616c 7f31 3631 3235 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.161254.Node: \n+000012d0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+000012e0: 6b7f 3136 3139 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d k.161939.Node: M\n+000012f0: 6f64 756c 6573 7f31 3633 3339 350a 4e6f odules.163395.No\n+00001300: 6465 3a20 626c 697f 3136 3336 3830 0a4e de: bli.163680.N\n+00001310: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 ode: Commands.16\n+00001320: 3436 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 4659.Node: Menu-\n+00001330: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n+00001340: 737f 3136 3535 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d s.165548.Node: m\n+00001350: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 3636 3236 370a enuentry.166267.\n+00001360: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 757f 3136 Node: submenu.16\n+00001370: 3738 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7856.Node: Loade\n+00001380: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3638 3338 r commands.16838\n+00001390: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 9.Node: chainloa\n+000013a0: 6465 727f 3137 3038 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a der.170885.Node:\n+000013b0: 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3135 3738 0a4e initrd.171578.N\n+000013c0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 367f 3137 ode: initrd16.17\n+000013d0: 3337 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3774.Node: linux\n+000013e0: 7f31 3734 3338 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .174380.Node: li\n+000013f0: 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3532 3837 0a4e 6f64 nux16.175287.Nod\n+00001400: 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f e: xen_hyperviso\n+00001410: 727f 3137 3539 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 r.175992.Node: x\n+00001420: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 3634 3336 en_module.176436\n+00001430: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 .Node: General c\n+00001440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3639 3337 0a4e ommands.176937.N\n+00001450: 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 3137 3733 ode: serial.1773\n+00001460: 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 87.Node: termina\n+00001470: 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 3932 3539 0a4e l_input.179259.N\n+00001480: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ode: terminal_ou\n+00001490: 7470 7574 7f31 3739 3932 390a 4e6f 6465 tput.179929.Node\n+000014a0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 3830 3630 : terminfo.18060\n+000014b0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 0.Node: Command-\n+000014c0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3138 line commands.18\n+000014d0: 3138 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b 7f31 3837 1887.Node: [.187\n+000014e0: 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 7f31 024.Node: acpi.1\n+000014f0: 3837 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 87195.Node: auth\n+00001500: 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 3436 370a enticate.188467.\n+00001510: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Node: background\n+00001520: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3838 3838 370a 4e6f _color.188887.No\n+00001530: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 de: background_i\n+00001540: 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3534 390a 4e6f 6465 mage.189549.Node\n+00001550: 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 3039 300a : badram.190090.\n+00001560: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 747f Node: blocklist.\n+00001570: 3139 3134 3635 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f 191465.Node: boo\n+00001580: 747f 3139 3136 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.191684.Node: c\n+00001590: 6174 7f31 3931 3939 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 at.191991.Node: \n+000015a0: 636c 6561 727f 3139 3239 3638 0a4e 6f64 clear.192968.Nod\n+000015b0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 3933 e: cmosclean.193\n+000015c0: 3133 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 131.Node: cmosdu\n+000015d0: 6d70 7f31 3933 3432 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.193420.Node: \n+000015e0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3933 3730 300a cmostest.193700.\n+000015f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 3430 3433 Node: cmp.194043\n+00001600: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c .Node: configfil\n+00001610: 657f 3139 3437 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 e.194798.Node: c\n+00001620: 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3231 320a 4e6f 6465 puid.195212.Node\n+00001630: 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3537 3830 0a4e 6f64 : crc.195780.Nod\n+00001640: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 7f31 e: cryptomount.1\n+00001650: 3936 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 96047.Node: cutm\n+00001660: 656d 7f31 3938 3331 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 em.198317.Node: \n+00001670: 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 date.199185.Node\n+00001680: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f31 3939 : devicetree.199\n+00001690: 3731 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 714.Node: distru\n+000016a0: 7374 7f32 3030 3234 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.200241.Node: \n+000016b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 3032 370a drivemap.201027.\n+000016c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 3031 3836 Node: echo.20186\n+000016d0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 4.Node: efitextm\n+000016e0: 6f64 657f 3230 3238 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a ode.202839.Node:\n+000016f0: 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3530 3733 0a4e 6f64 eval.205073.Nod\n+00001700: 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 3533 3438 e: export.205348\n+00001710: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 7f32 3035 .Node: false.205\n+00001720: 3634 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 648.Node: fwsetu\n+00001730: 707f 3230 3539 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 p.205937.Node: g\n+00001740: 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3238 360a 4e6f dbinfo.206286.No\n+00001750: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 3230 3638 de: gettext.2068\n+00001760: 3235 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 25.Node: gptsync\n+00001770: 7f32 3037 3237 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .207271.Node: ha\n+00001780: 6c74 7f32 3038 3231 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 lt.208213.Node: \n+00001790: 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3835 3933 0a4e hashsum.208593.N\n+000017a0: 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3230 3938 3934 ode: help.209894\n+000017b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 7f32 .Node: hexdump.2\n+000017c0: 3130 3334 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 10347.Node: insm\n+000017d0: 6f64 7f32 3130 3936 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.210964.Node: \n+000017e0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 3131 3730 keystatus.211170\n+000017f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 767f .Node: list_env.\n+00001800: 3231 3137 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 211795.Node: lis\n+00001810: 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 3231 3530 t_trusted.212150\n+00001820: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 767f .Node: load_env.\n+00001830: 3231 3237 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 212726.Node: loa\n+00001840: 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3434 3132 0a4e 6f64 dfont.214412.Nod\n+00001850: 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f 3231 3437 e: loopback.2147\n+00001860: 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 3231 3533 76.Node: ls.2153\n+00001870: 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 68.Node: lsfonts\n+00001880: 7f32 3135 3839 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215895.Node: ls\n+00001890: 6d6f 647f 3231 3630 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.216062.Node:\n+000018a0: 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3632 3337 0a4e md5sum.216237.N\n+000018b0: 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 3231 3635 ode: module.2165\n+000018c0: 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 09.Node: multibo\n+000018d0: 6f74 7f32 3136 3830 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.216806.Node: \n+000018e0: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 3137 3930 nativedisk.21790\n+000018f0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 7f32 4.Node: normal.2\n+00001900: 3138 3238 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 18288.Node: norm\n+00001910: 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3930 3536 0a4e al_exit.219056.N\n+00001920: 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f 3231 ode: parttool.21\n+00001930: 3933 3633 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 9363.Node: passw\n+00001940: 6f72 647f 3232 3038 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a ord.220890.Node:\n+00001950: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00001960: 7f32 3231 3135 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .221157.Node: pl\n+00001970: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 3536 300a ainmount.221560.\n+00001980: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Node: plainmount\n+00001990: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 3235 3332 -Footnotes.22532\n+000019a0: 320a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 2.Ref: plainmoun\n+000019b0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f32 3235 t-Footnote-1.225\n+000019c0: 3338 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 7f32 387.Node: play.2\n+000019d0: 3235 3437 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 25478.Node: prob\n+000019e0: 657f 3232 3632 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 e.226206.Node: r\n+000019f0: 646d 7372 7f32 3236 3637 370a 4e6f 6465 dmsr.226677.Node\n+00001a00: 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3434 390a 4e6f : read.227449.No\n+00001a10: 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3237 3839 de: reboot.22789\n+00001a20: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 7f32 2.Node: regexp.2\n+00001a30: 3238 3036 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 28060.Node: rmmo\n+00001a40: 647f 3232 3835 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 d.228592.Node: s\n+00001a50: 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3837 3730 0a4e ave_env.228770.N\n+00001a60: 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3232 3937 ode: search.2297\n+00001a70: 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 87.Node: sendkey\n+00001a80: 7f32 3331 3430 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .231401.Node: se\n+00001a90: 747f 3233 3739 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 t.237915.Node: s\n+00001aa0: 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3332 370a 4e6f ha1sum.238327.No\n+00001ab0: 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f 3233 de: sha256sum.23\n+00001ac0: 3836 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 8605.Node: sha51\n+00001ad0: 3273 756d 7f32 3338 3839 370a 4e6f 6465 2sum.238897.Node\n+00001ae0: 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3931 3837 0a4e : sleep.239187.N\n+00001af0: 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3233 3937 ode: smbios.2397\n+00001b00: 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 657f 00.Node: source.\n+00001b10: 3234 3237 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 242764.Node: tes\n+00001b20: 747f 3234 3333 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 t.243310.Node: t\n+00001b30: 7275 657f 3234 3631 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a rue.246184.Node:\n+00001b40: 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3436 330a 4e6f trust.246463.No\n+00001b50: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 3732 3636 de: unset.247266\n+00001b60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 .Node: verify_de\n+00001b70: 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3436 350a 4e6f tached.247465.No\n+00001b80: 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f 3234 de: videoinfo.24\n+00001b90: 3835 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 8509.Node: wrmsr\n+00001ba0: 7f32 3438 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .248772.Node: Ne\n+00001bb0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+00001bc0: 737f 3234 3935 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.249548.Node: n\n+00001bd0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3036 et_add_addr.2506\n+00001be0: 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 21.Node: net_add\n+00001bf0: 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3134 350a 4e6f 6465 _dns.251145.Node\n+00001c00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 657f : net_add_route.\n+00001c10: 3235 3134 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 251421.Node: net\n+00001c20: 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3531 3934 390a 4e6f _bootp.251949.No\n+00001c30: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 de: net_del_addr\n+00001c40: 7f32 3532 3331 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .252314.Node: ne\n+00001c50: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 3235 3534 t_del_dns.252554\n+00001c60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 .Node: net_del_r\n+00001c70: 6f75 7465 7f32 3532 3830 310a 4e6f 6465 oute.252801.Node\n+00001c80: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 3533 3033 : net_dhcp.25303\n+00001c90: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 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6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3737 3236 0a4e ommands.257726.N\n+00001d90: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ode: Internation\n+00001da0: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 3334 3338 alisation.263438\n+00001db0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 797f .Node: Security.\n+00001dc0: 3237 3032 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 270278.Node: Aut\n+00001dd0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n+00001de0: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3237 authorisation.27\n+00001df0: 3038 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 0854.Node: Using\n+00001e00: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00001e10: 7265 737f 3237 3430 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a res.274050.Node:\n+00001e20: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00001e30: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 3737 3431 t and shim.27741\n+00001e40: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6.Node: Secure B\n+00001e50: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n+00001e60: 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3738 3539 350a 4e6f 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