{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.uR9oBWHY/b1/grub2_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.uR9oBWHY/b2/grub2_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@\n \n 68101a33c35025a1057c85a26a7db269 12320304 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 91171573aa5b430d77f5205adad0a00d 2708792 admin optional grub-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 037d7dec6ca979ab7807a107db5bbbd3 634884 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ a5167c12e3eaa6e6cc4905999233bbce 635100 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n de4a798d6d0ca6e354da830d2556a081 2907016 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n e052fbaecdb9dc080d90914a9e20819c 45648 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 13d9ee24b39559a1dffa8bc12fe3f3cb 1573932 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ 1d8a1df276ba8b5ffae24180f3a1a57f 1577772 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n f25de8f6a25b0ad8cb99e45672af1a9a 3483076 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 33811d30d11cdb0a43bd065134541c06 184080 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 8d310aecf313d9b01a812b336e2fb2d5 45660 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- d3d5647acfe49f9e8c4fd8f39335c1cd 1464108 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ 34a296ef6341a61f908d71505be28e12 1463644 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 6d36a7d187406863c82ff2f6b83ae743 3146512 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 9980b5769fbcf61bb82b5f30df2d1e44 45688 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n f0980b55dc9e0719dc6887a29d830673 2388 admin optional grub-efi_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 45ec9d4cdae92cfed5ac17b9568b93dd 2720532 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 6032c7fe758dfac5e25eb37007c0eaf4 34364 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- fe830ed768b33a8d7fd03f512388ec35 4225668 admin optional grub-emu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- e1d6be85381c6c474e23bd98e2c6e6ec 781848 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- e3d3e11840ba4fc77e8511361f7247e7 621552 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ c2fb1bc6939069876ae58dcb228e3c24 4224428 admin optional grub-emu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ 6fae06305f06ab4e60cc39b43789490d 781840 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ f2bf17a0ce82c1091107adf8db9dabdd 621592 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 91b07d78b197190a83207a0f03a54369 2873784 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n fd01e4c9121918f4d47d399d50056254 45652 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 60f4305dbf7fbf4573b257298a92a56f 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n c6226141cc0a5b9c59602fc0551d6918 425996 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.udeb\n 9e850e4eafdda07a80d59ed267d4e38d 1197548 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 9c80d5cce9244a0facf425e291115a23 997184 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ f5c2c85d1b8779e383743f5f2709efcc 997232 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n d6a1a3638d3f7b630059697abdb1b426 3133304 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n c81d3c72ea365c9aed63c4b8f2d4a7b0 136504 admin optional grub-pc_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 6d65323c70feda3de04e4c5571806d1d 2491400 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ addcc524688a0ad426359e382c3161cf 2491368 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 29fef7a425f776b35aed429e985b09f3 2155240 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 87484c211d43fcce8fa9a2df20763e11 1012768 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ 28ea59af7ad9aae9dc21d59268d28568 1012620 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n af7bd0679206a467758fecdf653a4099 7389024 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- bc483d03d267be95967000c7c7f6afd3 1176788 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ 826c3947a59a6771bb5855894ce58463 1176408 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n f246e22a1044352b4e6f804f41feba47 45612 admin optional grub-xen_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n b5d79ac7c187f424ca8760253dfe0e2a 1546864 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n- 09b02294dd973d358211695e963df98d 613996 admin optional grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n+ d08f312a19a732dbb6d9f78a068f6768 614000 admin optional grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n 1dec584f327028dc072476c294b411fa 2364 oldlibs optional grub2_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7388 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 627304 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 627520 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5868 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4833 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2581 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2579 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12892 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14232 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4160 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7868 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1565872 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7860 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1569720 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5576 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5680 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5608 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5552 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9320 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5237 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2505 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2503 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3854336 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3862528 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3862528 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4198400 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 43544 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -423895,17 +423895,16 @@\n 151ef9:\tadd %al,(%rdx)\n 151efb:\trclb $0xf8,(%rdx)\n 151efe:\tadd $0x0,%al\n 151f00:\tand %al,(%rax)\n 151f02:\tadd (%rax),%al\n \t...\n 151f0c:\taddb $0x29,(%rax)\n- 151f0f:\ttest %edx,%esi\n- 151f11:\tpush %rdx\n- 151f12:\thlt\n+ 151f0f:\tloopne 0x151ef0\n+ 151f11:\tjs 0x151ea6\n 151f13:\trex.WRX\n 151f14:\trex.WRXB and %r9b,0x41(%r14)\n 151f18:\trex.WRB\n 151f19:\tand %r12b,(%r8)\n 151f1c:\tand %ah,(%rax)\n 151f1e:\trex.RX\n 151f1f:\tpush %r12\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -426186,17 +426186,16 @@\n 153ca1:\tadd %al,(%rdx)\n 153ca3:\trclb $0xf8,(%rdx)\n 153ca6:\tadd $0x0,%al\n 153ca8:\tand %al,(%rax)\n 153caa:\tadd (%rax),%al\n \t...\n 153cb4:\taddb $0x29,(%rax)\n- 153cb7:\tmov $0xf,%dh\n- 153cb9:\tpush %rbx\n- 153cba:\thlt\n+ 153cb7:\tloop 0x153cd5\n+ 153cb9:\tjns 0x153c4e\n 153cbb:\trex.WRX\n 153cbc:\trex.WRXB and %r9b,0x41(%r14)\n 153cc0:\trex.WRB\n 153cc1:\tand %r12b,(%r8)\n 153cc4:\tand %ah,(%rax)\n 153cc6:\trex.RX\n 153cc7:\tpush %r12\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -426185,17 +426185,16 @@\n 153ca1:\tadd %al,(%rdx)\n 153ca3:\trclb $0xf8,(%rdx)\n 153ca6:\tadd $0x0,%al\n 153ca8:\tand %al,(%rax)\n 153caa:\tadd (%rax),%al\n \t...\n 153cb4:\taddb $0x29,(%rax)\n- 153cb7:\tmov $0xf,%dh\n- 153cb9:\tpush %rbx\n- 153cba:\thlt\n+ 153cb7:\tloop 0x153cd5\n+ 153cb9:\tjns 0x153c4e\n 153cbb:\trex.WRX\n 153cbc:\trex.WRXB and %r9b,0x41(%r14)\n 153cc0:\trex.WRB\n 153cc1:\tand %r12b,(%r8)\n 153cc4:\tand %ah,(%rax)\n 153cc6:\trex.RX\n 153cc7:\tpush %r12\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -532707,17 +532707,16 @@\n 1a65d1:\tadd %al,(%rdx)\n 1a65d3:\trclb $0xf8,(%rdx)\n 1a65d6:\tadd $0x0,%al\n 1a65d8:\tand %al,(%rax)\n 1a65da:\tadd (%rax),%al\n \t...\n 1a65e4:\taddb $0x29,(%rax)\n- 1a65e7:\ttest %edx,%esi\n- 1a65e9:\tpush %rdx\n- 1a65ea:\thlt\n+ 1a65e7:\tloopne 0x1a65c8\n+ 1a65e9:\tjs 0x1a657e\n 1a65eb:\trex.WRX\n 1a65ec:\trex.WRXB and %r9b,0x41(%r14)\n 1a65f0:\trex.WRB\n 1a65f1:\tand %r12b,(%r8)\n 1a65f4:\tand %ah,(%rax)\n 1a65f6:\trex.RX\n 1a65f7:\tpush %r12\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7888 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1456028 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7884 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1455568 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3764 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3764 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3764 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6876 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5259 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2548 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2546 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3444736 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3756032 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3448832 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3448832 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2364 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 29028 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -60809,15 +60809,15 @@\n 000ed880: 0000 0000 0000 0000 6408 0000 0501 0000 ........d.......\n 000ed890: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000ed8a0: 1100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000ed8b0: 6c0c 0000 6800 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...h...........\n 000ed8c0: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0888 2500 ..............%.\n 000ed8d0: eb3c 906d 6b66 732e 6661 7400 0204 0100 .<.mkfs.fat.....\n 000ed8e0: 0200 02c0 12f8 0400 2000 0200 0000 0000 ........ .......\n-000ed8f0: 0000 0000 8000 2961 2d42 ee4e 4f20 4e41 ......)a-B.NO NA\n+000ed8f0: 0000 0000 8000 29d8 3cd4 904e 4f20 4e41 ......).<..NO NA\n 000ed900: 4d45 2020 2020 4641 5431 3220 2020 0e1f ME FAT12 ..\n 000ed910: be5b 7cac 22c0 740b 56b4 0ebb 0700 cd10 .[|.\".t.V.......\n 000ed920: 5eeb f032 e4cd 16cd 19eb fe54 6869 7320 ^..2.......This \n 000ed930: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c is not a bootabl\n 000ed940: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 e disk. Please \n 000ed950: 696e 7365 7274 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c insert a bootabl\n 000ed960: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2061 6e64 0d0a 7072 e floppy and..pr\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -80255,15 +80255,15 @@\n 001397e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 4c02 0000 7c00 0000 ........L...|...\n 001397f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00139800: 1100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00139810: 1003 0000 5200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ....R...........\n 00139820: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0888 2500 ..............%.\n 00139830: eb3c 906d 6b66 732e 6661 7400 0204 0100 .<.mkfs.fat.....\n 00139840: 0200 02c0 12f8 0400 2000 0200 0000 0000 ........ .......\n-00139850: 0000 0000 8000 2961 2d42 ee4e 4f20 4e41 ......)a-B.NO NA\n+00139850: 0000 0000 8000 29d8 3cd4 904e 4f20 4e41 ......).<..NO NA\n 00139860: 4d45 2020 2020 4641 5431 3220 2020 0e1f ME FAT12 ..\n 00139870: be5b 7cac 22c0 740b 56b4 0ebb 0700 cd10 .[|.\".t.V.......\n 00139880: 5eeb f032 e4cd 16cd 19eb fe54 6869 7320 ^..2.......This \n 00139890: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c is not a bootabl\n 001398a0: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 e disk. Please \n 001398b0: 696e 7365 7274 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c insert a bootabl\n 001398c0: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2061 6e64 0d0a 7072 e floppy and..pr\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -61123,15 +61123,15 @@\n 000eec20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 b80b 0000 d601 0000 ................\n 000eec30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000eec40: 1100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000eec50: f810 0000 6d00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ....m...........\n 000eec60: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0888 2500 ..............%.\n 000eec70: eb3c 906d 6b66 732e 6661 7400 0204 0100 .<.mkfs.fat.....\n 000eec80: 0200 02c0 12f8 0400 2000 0200 0000 0000 ........ .......\n-000eec90: 0000 0000 8000 29ff b243 ee4e 4f20 4e41 ......)..C.NO NA\n+000eec90: 0000 0000 8000 2926 7ad4 904e 4f20 4e41 ......)&z..NO NA\n 000eeca0: 4d45 2020 2020 4641 5431 3220 2020 0e1f ME FAT12 ..\n 000eecb0: be5b 7cac 22c0 740b 56b4 0ebb 0700 cd10 .[|.\".t.V.......\n 000eecc0: 5eeb f032 e4cd 16cd 19eb fe54 6869 7320 ^..2.......This \n 000eecd0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c is not a bootabl\n 000eece0: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 e disk. Please \n 000eecf0: 696e 7365 7274 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c insert a bootabl\n 000eed00: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2061 6e64 0d0a 7072 e floppy and..pr\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -61123,15 +61123,15 @@\n 000eec20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 b80b 0000 d601 0000 ................\n 000eec30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000eec40: 1100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 000eec50: f810 0000 6d00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ....m...........\n 000eec60: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0888 2500 ..............%.\n 000eec70: eb3c 906d 6b66 732e 6661 7400 0204 0100 .<.mkfs.fat.....\n 000eec80: 0200 02c0 12f8 0400 2000 0200 0000 0000 ........ .......\n-000eec90: 0000 0000 8000 29ff b243 ee4e 4f20 4e41 ......)..C.NO NA\n+000eec90: 0000 0000 8000 2926 7ad4 904e 4f20 4e41 ......)&z..NO NA\n 000eeca0: 4d45 2020 2020 4641 5431 3220 2020 0e1f ME FAT12 ..\n 000eecb0: be5b 7cac 22c0 740b 56b4 0ebb 0700 cd10 .[|.\".t.V.......\n 000eecc0: 5eeb f032 e4cd 16cd 19eb fe54 6869 7320 ^..2.......This \n 000eecd0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c is not a bootabl\n 000eece0: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 e disk. Please \n 000eecf0: 696e 7365 7274 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c insert a bootabl\n 000eed00: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2061 6e64 0d0a 7072 e floppy and..pr\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6204 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4219272 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4218032 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -125,15 +125,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 38664 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39384 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 42024 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39448 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 42504 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40312 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3694 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2319 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2317 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 333800 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23160 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11680 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 568752 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32288 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74056 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1021008 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1184 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 780472 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 780464 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "source2": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -110441,27 +110441,27 @@\n 001af680: 0000 0001 0000 0008 2800 0062 6f6f 742f ........(..boot/\n 001af690: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af6a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af6b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af6c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af6d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af6e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 ...............0\n-001af6f0: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 000755.0002127.0\n-001af700: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 002127.000000000\n-001af710: 3030 0031 3437 3533 3037 3737 3632 0030 00.14753077762.0\n-001af720: 3132 3430 3100 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 12401. 5........\n+001af6f0: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 000755.0004256.0\n+001af700: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 004256.000000000\n+001af710: 3030 0031 3435 3437 3637 3436 3233 0030 00.14547674623.0\n+001af720: 3132 3431 3500 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 12415. 5........\n 001af730: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af740: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af750: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af760: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af770: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af780: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001af790: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001af790: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001af7a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001af7b0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001af7b0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001af7c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af7d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af7e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af7f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af800: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af810: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af820: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -110473,27 +110473,27 @@\n 001af880: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f ...........boot/\n 001af890: 6772 7562 2f00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 grub/...........\n 001af8a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af8b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af8c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af8d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af8e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 ...............0\n-001af8f0: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 000755.0002127.0\n-001af900: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 002127.000000000\n-001af910: 3030 0031 3437 3533 3037 3737 3632 0030 00.14753077762.0\n-001af920: 3133 3334 3000 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 13340. 5........\n+001af8f0: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 000755.0004256.0\n+001af900: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 004256.000000000\n+001af910: 3030 0031 3435 3437 3637 3436 3233 0030 00.14547674623.0\n+001af920: 3133 3335 3400 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 13354. 5........\n 001af930: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af940: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af950: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af960: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af970: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af980: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001af990: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001af990: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001af9a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001af9b0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001af9b0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001af9c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af9d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af9e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001af9f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afa00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afa10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afa20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -110505,27 +110505,27 @@\n 001afa80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f ...........boot/\n 001afa90: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6700 0000 grub/grub.cfg...\n 001afaa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afab0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afac0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afad0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afae0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 ...............0\n-001afaf0: 3030 3036 3434 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 000644.0002127.0\n-001afb00: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 002127.000000012\n-001afb10: 3432 0031 3437 3533 3037 3737 3632 0030 42.14753077762.0\n-001afb20: 3134 3735 3700 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 14757. 0........\n+001afaf0: 3030 3036 3434 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 000644.0004256.0\n+001afb00: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 004256.000000012\n+001afb10: 3432 0031 3435 3437 3637 3436 3233 0030 42.14547674623.0\n+001afb20: 3134 3737 3300 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 14773. 0........\n 001afb30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afb40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afb50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afb60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afb70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afb80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001afb90: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001afb90: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001afba0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001afbb0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001afbb0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001afbc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afbd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afbe0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afbf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afc00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afc10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001afc20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7364 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 613996 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 614036 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5848 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4652 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2581 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2579 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12732 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13832 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2740 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8416 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 988576 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 988624 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8544 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5709 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2567 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2565 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13920 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15068 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4156 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2490180 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1032 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2490144 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Feb 12 2025 [ 1218 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jan 11 2024 [ 1218 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2392304 Feb 12 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392304 Jan 11 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7780 Feb 12 2025 [ 1219 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10868 Feb 12 2025 [ 1223 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Feb 12 2025 [ 1229 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5568 Feb 12 2025 [ 1230 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 Feb 12 2025 [ 1233 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Feb 12 2025 [ 1236 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15392 Feb 12 2025 [ 1237 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Feb 12 2025 [ 1245 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 1246 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1247 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4068 Feb 12 2025 [ 1249 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 Feb 12 2025 [ 1251 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Feb 12 2025 [ 1254 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6728 Feb 12 2025 [ 1255 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4636 Feb 12 2025 [ 1259 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2184 Feb 12 2025 [ 1262 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3616 Feb 12 2025 [ 1264 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1984 Feb 12 2025 [ 1266 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 Feb 12 2025 [ 1267 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30568 Feb 12 2025 [ 1269 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2252 Feb 12 2025 [ 1284 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19712 Feb 12 2025 [ 1286 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Feb 12 2025 [ 1296 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1297 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3892 Feb 12 2025 [ 1299 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3340 Feb 12 2025 [ 1301 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Feb 12 2025 [ 1303 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 Feb 12 2025 [ 1305 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2772 Feb 12 2025 [ 1306 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3448 Feb 12 2025 [ 1308 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 Feb 12 2025 [ 1310 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1312 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1808 Feb 12 2025 [ 1313 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2056 Feb 12 2025 [ 1314 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 Feb 12 2025 [ 1316 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3887 Feb 12 2025 [ 1319 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2224 Feb 12 2025 [ 1321 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1323 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1325 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 Feb 12 2025 [ 1327 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 Feb 12 2025 [ 1328 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Feb 12 2025 [ 1329 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4944 Feb 12 2025 [ 1330 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11900 Feb 12 2025 [ 1333 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Feb 12 2025 [ 1339 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1341 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Feb 12 2025 [ 1342 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1716 Feb 12 2025 [ 1344 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 Feb 12 2025 [ 1345 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2332 Feb 12 2025 [ 1347 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1349 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 1354 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5560 Feb 12 2025 [ 1355 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Feb 12 2025 [ 1358 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1359 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1362 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23696 Feb 12 2025 [ 1363 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 Feb 12 2025 [ 1375 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10112 Feb 12 2025 [ 1379 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 Feb 12 2025 [ 1384 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 Feb 12 2025 [ 1392 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 29251 Feb 12 2025 [ 1394 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Feb 12 2025 [ 1409 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6080 Feb 12 2025 [ 1410 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Feb 12 2025 [ 1413 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6172 Feb 12 2025 [ 1414 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4640 Feb 12 2025 [ 1418 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6460 Feb 12 2025 [ 1421 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6192 Feb 12 2025 [ 1425 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16932 Feb 12 2025 [ 1429 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13520 Feb 12 2025 [ 1438 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1445 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 Feb 12 2025 [ 1447 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2920 Feb 12 2025 [ 1448 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34168 Feb 12 2025 [ 1450 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1467 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8000 Feb 12 2025 [ 1468 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33516 Feb 12 2025 [ 1472 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16356 Feb 12 2025 [ 1489 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10564 Feb 12 2025 [ 1497 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19104 Feb 12 2025 [ 1503 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Feb 12 2025 [ 1513 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1515 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3048 Feb 12 2025 [ 1517 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Feb 12 2025 [ 1519 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1521 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 Feb 12 2025 [ 1523 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8248 Feb 12 2025 [ 1533 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 Feb 12 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14824 Feb 12 2025 [ 1539 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17700 Feb 12 2025 [ 1547 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8592 Feb 12 2025 [ 1556 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4376 Feb 12 2025 [ 1561 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8804 Feb 12 2025 [ 1564 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12244 Feb 12 2025 [ 1569 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36816 Feb 12 2025 [ 1575 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24588 Feb 12 2025 [ 1593 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25036 Feb 12 2025 [ 1606 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1619 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4860 Feb 12 2025 [ 1622 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39136 Feb 12 2025 [ 1625 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9892 Feb 12 2025 [ 1645 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Feb 12 2025 [ 1650 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4912 Feb 12 2025 [ 1652 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Feb 12 2025 [ 1655 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8784 Feb 12 2025 [ 1657 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4684 Feb 12 2025 [ 1662 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5168 Feb 12 2025 [ 1665 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6560 Feb 12 2025 [ 1668 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 Feb 12 2025 [ 1672 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2512 Feb 12 2025 [ 1673 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1675 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7004 Feb 12 2025 [ 1677 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7848 Feb 12 2025 [ 1681 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 Feb 12 2025 [ 1685 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5700 Feb 12 2025 [ 1687 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2468 Feb 12 2025 [ 1690 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2800 Feb 12 2025 [ 1692 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8488 Feb 12 2025 [ 1694 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6092 Feb 12 2025 [ 1699 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7660 Feb 12 2025 [ 1702 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1706 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5032 Feb 12 2025 [ 1708 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1904 Feb 12 2025 [ 1711 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6300 Feb 12 2025 [ 1712 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14404 Feb 12 2025 [ 1716 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30132 Feb 12 2025 [ 1724 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13172 Feb 12 2025 [ 1739 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 Feb 12 2025 [ 1746 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5748 Feb 12 2025 [ 1749 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3004 Feb 12 2025 [ 1752 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1754 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 Feb 12 2025 [ 1756 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Feb 12 2025 [ 1759 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Feb 12 2025 [ 1761 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4828 Feb 12 2025 [ 1762 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4356 Feb 12 2025 [ 1765 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1768 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8472 Feb 12 2025 [ 1775 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4756 Feb 12 2025 [ 1780 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 Feb 12 2025 [ 1783 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7500 Feb 12 2025 [ 1785 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 Feb 12 2025 [ 1789 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Feb 12 2025 [ 1790 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 Feb 12 2025 [ 1792 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 Feb 12 2025 [ 1793 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1988 Feb 12 2025 [ 1794 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2824 Feb 12 2025 [ 1795 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1797 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 Feb 12 2025 [ 1799 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3692 Feb 12 2025 [ 1801 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1803 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3692 Feb 12 2025 [ 1805 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1807 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3724 Feb 12 2025 [ 1809 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8544 Feb 12 2025 [ 1811 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5709 Feb 12 2025 [ 1816 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2567 Feb 12 2025 [ 1819 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 Feb 12 2025 [ 1821 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1823 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 1837 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2016 Feb 12 2025 [ 1839 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13920 Feb 12 2025 [ 1840 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15068 Feb 12 2025 [ 1847 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4156 Feb 12 2025 [ 1855 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 57256 Feb 12 2025 [ 1858 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1886 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6744 Feb 12 2025 [ 1888 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1892 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10652 Feb 12 2025 [ 1949 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4260 Feb 12 2025 [ 1955 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1958 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2676 Feb 12 2025 [ 1960 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 1962 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10420 Feb 12 2025 [ 1963 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 Feb 12 2025 [ 1969 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Feb 12 2025 [ 1970 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Feb 12 2025 [ 1971 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1973 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 Feb 12 2025 [ 1975 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Feb 12 2025 [ 1976 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2292 Feb 12 2025 [ 1977 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Feb 12 2025 [ 1979 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Feb 12 2025 [ 1981 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Feb 12 2025 [ 1982 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 Feb 12 2025 [ 1983 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Feb 12 2025 [ 1984 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Feb 12 2025 [ 1985 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4644 Feb 12 2025 [ 1986 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Feb 12 2025 [ 1989 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2712 Feb 12 2025 [ 1990 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 Feb 12 2025 [ 1992 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Feb 12 2025 [ 1995 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 Feb 12 2025 [ 1996 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1998 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2416 Feb 12 2025 [ 1999 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11376 Feb 12 2025 [ 2001 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6292 Feb 12 2025 [ 2007 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Feb 12 2025 [ 2011 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2013 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Feb 12 2025 [ 2017 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2018 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Feb 12 2025 [ 2020 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 Feb 12 2025 [ 2022 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3680 Feb 12 2025 [ 2024 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 Feb 12 2025 [ 2026 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 Feb 12 2025 [ 2028 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Feb 12 2025 [ 2029 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2784 Feb 12 2025 [ 2031 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 Feb 12 2025 [ 2033 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 Feb 12 2025 [ 2034 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1636 Feb 12 2025 [ 2035 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 51032 Feb 12 2025 [ 2036 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8788 Feb 12 2025 [ 2061 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14952 Feb 12 2025 [ 2066 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2074 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4644 Feb 12 2025 [ 2076 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3624 Feb 12 2025 [ 2079 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2081 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 Feb 12 2025 [ 2083 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3072 Feb 12 2025 [ 2085 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7068 Feb 12 2025 [ 2087 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7696 Feb 12 2025 [ 2091 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Feb 12 2025 [ 2095 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Feb 12 2025 [ 2096 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5224 Feb 12 2025 [ 2097 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5116 Feb 12 2025 [ 2100 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 2103 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6380 Feb 12 2025 [ 2105 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Feb 12 2025 [ 2109 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2260 Feb 12 2025 [ 2111 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5564 Feb 12 2025 [ 2113 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Feb 12 2025 [ 2116 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7132 Feb 12 2025 [ 2117 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Feb 12 2025 [ 2121 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17420 Feb 12 2025 [ 2123 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3216 Feb 12 2025 [ 2132 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Feb 12 2025 [ 2134 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4448 Feb 12 2025 [ 2135 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12356 Feb 12 2025 [ 2138 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5000 Feb 12 2025 [ 2145 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 2148 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2736 Feb 12 2025 [ 2149 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 Feb 12 2025 [ 2151 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4920 Feb 12 2025 [ 2153 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2156 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2159 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2352 Feb 12 2025 [ 2160 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 Feb 12 2025 [ 2162 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 2163 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3728 Feb 12 2025 [ 2164 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8500 Feb 12 2025 [ 2166 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5332 Feb 12 2025 [ 2171 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5716 Feb 12 2025 [ 2174 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5396 Feb 12 2025 [ 2177 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6492 Feb 12 2025 [ 2180 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10376 Feb 12 2025 [ 2184 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3764 Feb 12 2025 [ 2190 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6912 Feb 12 2025 [ 2192 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1916 Feb 12 2025 [ 2196 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2296 Feb 12 2025 [ 2197 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Feb 12 2025 [ 2199 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Feb 12 2025 [ 2201 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 Feb 12 2025 [ 2202 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9828 Feb 12 2025 [ 2204 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2652 Feb 12 2025 [ 2209 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4932 Feb 12 2025 [ 2211 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2140 Feb 12 2025 [ 2214 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Feb 12 2025 [ 2216 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5980 Feb 12 2025 [ 2217 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2220 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6004 Feb 12 2025 [ 2223 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5568 Feb 12 2025 [ 2226 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21016 Feb 12 2025 [ 2229 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3892 Feb 12 2025 [ 2240 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 Feb 12 2025 [ 2242 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Feb 12 2025 [ 2245 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 2247 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7484 Feb 12 2025 [ 2248 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27468 Feb 12 2025 [ 2252 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Feb 12 2025 [ 2266 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Feb 12 2025 [ 2268 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2269 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40256 Feb 12 2025 [ 2277 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5488 Feb 12 2025 [ 2297 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2300 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45868 Feb 12 2025 [ 2304 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7780 Jan 11 2024 [ 1219 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10868 Jan 11 2024 [ 1223 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Jan 11 2024 [ 1229 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5568 Jan 11 2024 [ 1230 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Jan 11 2024 [ 1233 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Jan 11 2024 [ 1236 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15392 Jan 11 2024 [ 1237 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jan 11 2024 [ 1245 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 1246 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1247 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4068 Jan 11 2024 [ 1249 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Jan 11 2024 [ 1251 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Jan 11 2024 [ 1254 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6728 Jan 11 2024 [ 1255 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4636 Jan 11 2024 [ 1259 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2184 Jan 11 2024 [ 1262 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3616 Jan 11 2024 [ 1264 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1984 Jan 11 2024 [ 1266 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Jan 11 2024 [ 1267 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30568 Jan 11 2024 [ 1269 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2252 Jan 11 2024 [ 1284 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19712 Jan 11 2024 [ 1286 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Jan 11 2024 [ 1296 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1297 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3892 Jan 11 2024 [ 1299 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3340 Jan 11 2024 [ 1301 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jan 11 2024 [ 1303 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Jan 11 2024 [ 1305 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2772 Jan 11 2024 [ 1306 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3448 Jan 11 2024 [ 1308 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Jan 11 2024 [ 1310 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1312 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1808 Jan 11 2024 [ 1313 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2056 Jan 11 2024 [ 1314 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 Jan 11 2024 [ 1316 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3887 Jan 11 2024 [ 1319 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2224 Jan 11 2024 [ 1321 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1323 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1325 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Jan 11 2024 [ 1327 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 Jan 11 2024 [ 1328 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jan 11 2024 [ 1329 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4944 Jan 11 2024 [ 1330 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11900 Jan 11 2024 [ 1333 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Jan 11 2024 [ 1339 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1341 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Jan 11 2024 [ 1342 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1716 Jan 11 2024 [ 1344 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Jan 11 2024 [ 1345 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2332 Jan 11 2024 [ 1347 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1349 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 1354 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5560 Jan 11 2024 [ 1355 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Jan 11 2024 [ 1358 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1359 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1362 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23696 Jan 11 2024 [ 1363 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 Jan 11 2024 [ 1375 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10112 Jan 11 2024 [ 1379 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Jan 11 2024 [ 1384 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Jan 11 2024 [ 1392 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 29251 Jan 11 2024 [ 1394 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jan 11 2024 [ 1409 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6080 Jan 11 2024 [ 1410 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Jan 11 2024 [ 1413 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6172 Jan 11 2024 [ 1414 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4640 Jan 11 2024 [ 1418 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6460 Jan 11 2024 [ 1421 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6192 Jan 11 2024 [ 1425 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16932 Jan 11 2024 [ 1429 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13520 Jan 11 2024 [ 1438 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1445 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Jan 11 2024 [ 1447 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2920 Jan 11 2024 [ 1448 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34168 Jan 11 2024 [ 1450 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1467 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8000 Jan 11 2024 [ 1468 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33516 Jan 11 2024 [ 1472 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16356 Jan 11 2024 [ 1489 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10564 Jan 11 2024 [ 1497 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19104 Jan 11 2024 [ 1503 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Jan 11 2024 [ 1513 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1515 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3048 Jan 11 2024 [ 1517 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Jan 11 2024 [ 1519 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1521 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Jan 11 2024 [ 1523 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8248 Jan 11 2024 [ 1533 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Jan 11 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14824 Jan 11 2024 [ 1539 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17700 Jan 11 2024 [ 1547 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8592 Jan 11 2024 [ 1556 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4376 Jan 11 2024 [ 1561 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8804 Jan 11 2024 [ 1564 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12244 Jan 11 2024 [ 1569 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36816 Jan 11 2024 [ 1575 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24588 Jan 11 2024 [ 1593 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25036 Jan 11 2024 [ 1606 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1619 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4860 Jan 11 2024 [ 1622 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39136 Jan 11 2024 [ 1625 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9892 Jan 11 2024 [ 1645 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Jan 11 2024 [ 1650 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4912 Jan 11 2024 [ 1652 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Jan 11 2024 [ 1655 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8784 Jan 11 2024 [ 1657 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4684 Jan 11 2024 [ 1662 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5168 Jan 11 2024 [ 1665 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6560 Jan 11 2024 [ 1668 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Jan 11 2024 [ 1672 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2512 Jan 11 2024 [ 1673 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1675 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7004 Jan 11 2024 [ 1677 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7848 Jan 11 2024 [ 1681 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 Jan 11 2024 [ 1685 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5700 Jan 11 2024 [ 1687 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2468 Jan 11 2024 [ 1690 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2800 Jan 11 2024 [ 1692 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8488 Jan 11 2024 [ 1694 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6092 Jan 11 2024 [ 1699 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7660 Jan 11 2024 [ 1702 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1706 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5032 Jan 11 2024 [ 1708 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1904 Jan 11 2024 [ 1711 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6300 Jan 11 2024 [ 1712 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14404 Jan 11 2024 [ 1716 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30132 Jan 11 2024 [ 1724 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13172 Jan 11 2024 [ 1739 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 Jan 11 2024 [ 1746 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5748 Jan 11 2024 [ 1749 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3004 Jan 11 2024 [ 1752 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1754 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Jan 11 2024 [ 1756 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Jan 11 2024 [ 1759 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jan 11 2024 [ 1761 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4828 Jan 11 2024 [ 1762 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4356 Jan 11 2024 [ 1765 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1768 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8472 Jan 11 2024 [ 1775 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4756 Jan 11 2024 [ 1780 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Jan 11 2024 [ 1783 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7500 Jan 11 2024 [ 1785 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 Jan 11 2024 [ 1789 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Jan 11 2024 [ 1790 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 Jan 11 2024 [ 1792 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Jan 11 2024 [ 1793 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1988 Jan 11 2024 [ 1794 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2824 Jan 11 2024 [ 1795 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1797 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Jan 11 2024 [ 1799 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3692 Jan 11 2024 [ 1801 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1803 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3692 Jan 11 2024 [ 1805 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1807 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3724 Jan 11 2024 [ 1809 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8544 Jan 11 2024 [ 1811 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5709 Jan 11 2024 [ 1816 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2565 Jan 11 2024 [ 1819 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Jan 11 2024 [ 1821 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1823 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 1837 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2016 Jan 11 2024 [ 1839 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13920 Jan 11 2024 [ 1840 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15068 Jan 11 2024 [ 1847 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4156 Jan 11 2024 [ 1855 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 57256 Jan 11 2024 [ 1858 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1886 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6744 Jan 11 2024 [ 1888 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1892 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10652 Jan 11 2024 [ 1949 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4260 Jan 11 2024 [ 1955 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1958 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2676 Jan 11 2024 [ 1960 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 1962 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10420 Jan 11 2024 [ 1963 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 Jan 11 2024 [ 1969 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Jan 11 2024 [ 1970 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Jan 11 2024 [ 1971 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1973 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Jan 11 2024 [ 1975 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Jan 11 2024 [ 1976 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2292 Jan 11 2024 [ 1977 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Jan 11 2024 [ 1979 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Jan 11 2024 [ 1981 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Jan 11 2024 [ 1982 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Jan 11 2024 [ 1983 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Jan 11 2024 [ 1984 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Jan 11 2024 [ 1985 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4644 Jan 11 2024 [ 1986 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Jan 11 2024 [ 1989 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2712 Jan 11 2024 [ 1990 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 Jan 11 2024 [ 1992 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Jan 11 2024 [ 1995 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 Jan 11 2024 [ 1996 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1998 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2416 Jan 11 2024 [ 1999 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11376 Jan 11 2024 [ 2001 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6292 Jan 11 2024 [ 2007 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Jan 11 2024 [ 2011 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2013 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Jan 11 2024 [ 2017 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2018 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jan 11 2024 [ 2020 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Jan 11 2024 [ 2022 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3680 Jan 11 2024 [ 2024 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Jan 11 2024 [ 2026 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 Jan 11 2024 [ 2028 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Jan 11 2024 [ 2029 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2784 Jan 11 2024 [ 2031 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Jan 11 2024 [ 2033 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Jan 11 2024 [ 2034 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1636 Jan 11 2024 [ 2035 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 51032 Jan 11 2024 [ 2036 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8788 Jan 11 2024 [ 2061 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14952 Jan 11 2024 [ 2066 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2074 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4644 Jan 11 2024 [ 2076 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3624 Jan 11 2024 [ 2079 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2081 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Jan 11 2024 [ 2083 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3072 Jan 11 2024 [ 2085 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7068 Jan 11 2024 [ 2087 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7696 Jan 11 2024 [ 2091 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Jan 11 2024 [ 2095 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Jan 11 2024 [ 2096 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5224 Jan 11 2024 [ 2097 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5116 Jan 11 2024 [ 2100 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 2103 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6380 Jan 11 2024 [ 2105 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Jan 11 2024 [ 2109 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2260 Jan 11 2024 [ 2111 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5564 Jan 11 2024 [ 2113 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Jan 11 2024 [ 2116 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7132 Jan 11 2024 [ 2117 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Jan 11 2024 [ 2121 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17420 Jan 11 2024 [ 2123 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3216 Jan 11 2024 [ 2132 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Jan 11 2024 [ 2134 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4448 Jan 11 2024 [ 2135 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12356 Jan 11 2024 [ 2138 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5000 Jan 11 2024 [ 2145 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 2148 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2736 Jan 11 2024 [ 2149 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 Jan 11 2024 [ 2151 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4920 Jan 11 2024 [ 2153 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2156 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2159 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2352 Jan 11 2024 [ 2160 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 Jan 11 2024 [ 2162 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 2163 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3728 Jan 11 2024 [ 2164 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8500 Jan 11 2024 [ 2166 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5332 Jan 11 2024 [ 2171 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5716 Jan 11 2024 [ 2174 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5396 Jan 11 2024 [ 2177 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6492 Jan 11 2024 [ 2180 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10376 Jan 11 2024 [ 2184 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3764 Jan 11 2024 [ 2190 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6912 Jan 11 2024 [ 2192 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1916 Jan 11 2024 [ 2196 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2296 Jan 11 2024 [ 2197 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Jan 11 2024 [ 2199 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Jan 11 2024 [ 2201 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Jan 11 2024 [ 2202 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9828 Jan 11 2024 [ 2204 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2652 Jan 11 2024 [ 2209 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4932 Jan 11 2024 [ 2211 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2140 Jan 11 2024 [ 2214 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Jan 11 2024 [ 2216 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5980 Jan 11 2024 [ 2217 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2220 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6004 Jan 11 2024 [ 2223 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5568 Jan 11 2024 [ 2226 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21016 Jan 11 2024 [ 2229 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3892 Jan 11 2024 [ 2240 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Jan 11 2024 [ 2242 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Jan 11 2024 [ 2245 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 2247 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7484 Jan 11 2024 [ 2248 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27468 Jan 11 2024 [ 2252 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Jan 11 2024 [ 2266 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Jan 11 2024 [ 2268 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2269 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40256 Jan 11 2024 [ 2277 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5488 Jan 11 2024 [ 2297 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2300 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45868 Jan 11 2024 [ 2304 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Feb 12 2025 [ 1218 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jan 11 2024 [ 1218 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392304 Feb 12 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392304 Jan 11 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7780 Feb 12 2025 [ 1219 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10868 Feb 12 2025 [ 1223 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 Feb 12 2025 [ 1229 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Feb 12 2025 [ 1230 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Feb 12 2025 [ 1233 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Feb 12 2025 [ 1236 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15392 Feb 12 2025 [ 1237 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Feb 12 2025 [ 1245 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 1246 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1247 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4068 Feb 12 2025 [ 1249 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Feb 12 2025 [ 1251 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Feb 12 2025 [ 1254 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6728 Feb 12 2025 [ 1255 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4636 Feb 12 2025 [ 1259 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2184 Feb 12 2025 [ 1262 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3616 Feb 12 2025 [ 1264 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 Feb 12 2025 [ 1266 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Feb 12 2025 [ 1267 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30568 Feb 12 2025 [ 1269 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 Feb 12 2025 [ 1284 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19712 Feb 12 2025 [ 1286 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 Feb 12 2025 [ 1296 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1297 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3892 Feb 12 2025 [ 1299 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 Feb 12 2025 [ 1301 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Feb 12 2025 [ 1303 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Feb 12 2025 [ 1305 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 Feb 12 2025 [ 1306 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3448 Feb 12 2025 [ 1308 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Feb 12 2025 [ 1310 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1312 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1808 Feb 12 2025 [ 1313 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2056 Feb 12 2025 [ 1314 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Feb 12 2025 [ 1316 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3887 Feb 12 2025 [ 1319 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 Feb 12 2025 [ 1321 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1323 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1325 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 Feb 12 2025 [ 1327 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 Feb 12 2025 [ 1328 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Feb 12 2025 [ 1329 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4944 Feb 12 2025 [ 1330 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11900 Feb 12 2025 [ 1333 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 Feb 12 2025 [ 1339 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1341 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Feb 12 2025 [ 1342 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 Feb 12 2025 [ 1344 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Feb 12 2025 [ 1345 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2332 Feb 12 2025 [ 1347 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1349 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 1354 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 Feb 12 2025 [ 1355 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1772 Feb 12 2025 [ 1358 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1359 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1362 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23696 Feb 12 2025 [ 1363 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 Feb 12 2025 [ 1375 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10112 Feb 12 2025 [ 1379 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Feb 12 2025 [ 1384 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Feb 12 2025 [ 1392 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 29251 Feb 12 2025 [ 1394 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Feb 12 2025 [ 1409 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6080 Feb 12 2025 [ 1410 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Feb 12 2025 [ 1413 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6172 Feb 12 2025 [ 1414 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 Feb 12 2025 [ 1418 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6460 Feb 12 2025 [ 1421 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6192 Feb 12 2025 [ 1425 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16932 Feb 12 2025 [ 1429 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13520 Feb 12 2025 [ 1438 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1445 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Feb 12 2025 [ 1447 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2920 Feb 12 2025 [ 1448 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 Feb 12 2025 [ 1450 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1612 Feb 12 2025 [ 1467 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 Feb 12 2025 [ 1468 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 Feb 12 2025 [ 1472 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 Feb 12 2025 [ 1489 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10564 Feb 12 2025 [ 1497 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19104 Feb 12 2025 [ 1503 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Feb 12 2025 [ 1513 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1515 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Feb 12 2025 [ 1517 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Feb 12 2025 [ 1519 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1521 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 Feb 12 2025 [ 1523 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 Feb 12 2025 [ 1533 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Feb 12 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14824 Feb 12 2025 [ 1539 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17700 Feb 12 2025 [ 1547 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 Feb 12 2025 [ 1556 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 Feb 12 2025 [ 1561 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8804 Feb 12 2025 [ 1564 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12244 Feb 12 2025 [ 1569 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 Feb 12 2025 [ 1575 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 Feb 12 2025 [ 1593 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25036 Feb 12 2025 [ 1606 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5884 Feb 12 2025 [ 1619 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4860 Feb 12 2025 [ 1622 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39136 Feb 12 2025 [ 1625 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 Feb 12 2025 [ 1645 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Feb 12 2025 [ 1650 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 Feb 12 2025 [ 1652 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Feb 12 2025 [ 1655 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Feb 12 2025 [ 1657 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4684 Feb 12 2025 [ 1662 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 Feb 12 2025 [ 1665 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6560 Feb 12 2025 [ 1668 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Feb 12 2025 [ 1672 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2512 Feb 12 2025 [ 1673 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1675 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7004 Feb 12 2025 [ 1677 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7848 Feb 12 2025 [ 1681 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Feb 12 2025 [ 1685 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5700 Feb 12 2025 [ 1687 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2468 Feb 12 2025 [ 1690 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 Feb 12 2025 [ 1692 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8488 Feb 12 2025 [ 1694 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6092 Feb 12 2025 [ 1699 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7660 Feb 12 2025 [ 1702 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1706 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5032 Feb 12 2025 [ 1708 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1904 Feb 12 2025 [ 1711 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6300 Feb 12 2025 [ 1712 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 Feb 12 2025 [ 1716 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30132 Feb 12 2025 [ 1724 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13172 Feb 12 2025 [ 1739 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Feb 12 2025 [ 1746 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 Feb 12 2025 [ 1749 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3004 Feb 12 2025 [ 1752 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1754 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Feb 12 2025 [ 1756 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Feb 12 2025 [ 1759 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Feb 12 2025 [ 1761 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 Feb 12 2025 [ 1762 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4356 Feb 12 2025 [ 1765 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14216 Feb 12 2025 [ 1768 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8472 Feb 12 2025 [ 1775 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4756 Feb 12 2025 [ 1780 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3200 Feb 12 2025 [ 1783 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7500 Feb 12 2025 [ 1785 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 Feb 12 2025 [ 1789 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Feb 12 2025 [ 1790 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Feb 12 2025 [ 1792 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1852 Feb 12 2025 [ 1793 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 Feb 12 2025 [ 1794 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2824 Feb 12 2025 [ 1795 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1797 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Feb 12 2025 [ 1799 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3692 Feb 12 2025 [ 1801 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1803 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3692 Feb 12 2025 [ 1805 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Feb 12 2025 [ 1807 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 Feb 12 2025 [ 1809 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8544 Feb 12 2025 [ 1811 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5709 Feb 12 2025 [ 1816 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2567 Feb 12 2025 [ 1819 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 Feb 12 2025 [ 1821 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1823 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 1837 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2016 Feb 12 2025 [ 1839 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13920 Feb 12 2025 [ 1840 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15068 Feb 12 2025 [ 1847 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4156 Feb 12 2025 [ 1855 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 57256 Feb 12 2025 [ 1858 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2836 Feb 12 2025 [ 1886 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 Feb 12 2025 [ 1888 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114896 Feb 12 2025 [ 1892 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10652 Feb 12 2025 [ 1949 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4260 Feb 12 2025 [ 1955 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Feb 12 2025 [ 1958 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 Feb 12 2025 [ 1960 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 1962 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10420 Feb 12 2025 [ 1963 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Feb 12 2025 [ 1969 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Feb 12 2025 [ 1970 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Feb 12 2025 [ 1971 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Feb 12 2025 [ 1973 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1708 Feb 12 2025 [ 1975 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Feb 12 2025 [ 1976 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2292 Feb 12 2025 [ 1977 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Feb 12 2025 [ 1979 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Feb 12 2025 [ 1981 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Feb 12 2025 [ 1982 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Feb 12 2025 [ 1983 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Feb 12 2025 [ 1984 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Feb 12 2025 [ 1985 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Feb 12 2025 [ 1986 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Feb 12 2025 [ 1989 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Feb 12 2025 [ 1990 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Feb 12 2025 [ 1992 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Feb 12 2025 [ 1995 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Feb 12 2025 [ 1996 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Feb 12 2025 [ 1998 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2416 Feb 12 2025 [ 1999 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11376 Feb 12 2025 [ 2001 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 Feb 12 2025 [ 2007 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Feb 12 2025 [ 2011 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2013 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Feb 12 2025 [ 2017 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2018 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Feb 12 2025 [ 2020 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 Feb 12 2025 [ 2022 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Feb 12 2025 [ 2024 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 Feb 12 2025 [ 2026 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 Feb 12 2025 [ 2028 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Feb 12 2025 [ 2029 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2784 Feb 12 2025 [ 2031 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 Feb 12 2025 [ 2033 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1404 Feb 12 2025 [ 2034 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1636 Feb 12 2025 [ 2035 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 51032 Feb 12 2025 [ 2036 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8788 Feb 12 2025 [ 2061 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14952 Feb 12 2025 [ 2066 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2074 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Feb 12 2025 [ 2076 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3624 Feb 12 2025 [ 2079 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Feb 12 2025 [ 2081 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3156 Feb 12 2025 [ 2083 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 Feb 12 2025 [ 2085 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7068 Feb 12 2025 [ 2087 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7696 Feb 12 2025 [ 2091 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Feb 12 2025 [ 2095 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Feb 12 2025 [ 2096 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5224 Feb 12 2025 [ 2097 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 Feb 12 2025 [ 2100 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 2103 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 Feb 12 2025 [ 2105 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Feb 12 2025 [ 2109 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Feb 12 2025 [ 2111 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5564 Feb 12 2025 [ 2113 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 Feb 12 2025 [ 2116 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7132 Feb 12 2025 [ 2117 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Feb 12 2025 [ 2121 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17420 Feb 12 2025 [ 2123 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3216 Feb 12 2025 [ 2132 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Feb 12 2025 [ 2134 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4448 Feb 12 2025 [ 2135 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12356 Feb 12 2025 [ 2138 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5000 Feb 12 2025 [ 2145 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 2148 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2736 Feb 12 2025 [ 2149 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Feb 12 2025 [ 2151 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4920 Feb 12 2025 [ 2153 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2156 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2159 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2352 Feb 12 2025 [ 2160 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 Feb 12 2025 [ 2162 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 2163 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3728 Feb 12 2025 [ 2164 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8500 Feb 12 2025 [ 2166 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 Feb 12 2025 [ 2171 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5716 Feb 12 2025 [ 2174 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5396 Feb 12 2025 [ 2177 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Feb 12 2025 [ 2180 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10376 Feb 12 2025 [ 2184 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 Feb 12 2025 [ 2190 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 Feb 12 2025 [ 2192 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1916 Feb 12 2025 [ 2196 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 Feb 12 2025 [ 2197 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Feb 12 2025 [ 2199 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Feb 12 2025 [ 2201 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Feb 12 2025 [ 2202 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9828 Feb 12 2025 [ 2204 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2652 Feb 12 2025 [ 2209 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 Feb 12 2025 [ 2211 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 Feb 12 2025 [ 2214 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Feb 12 2025 [ 2216 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5980 Feb 12 2025 [ 2217 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2220 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 Feb 12 2025 [ 2223 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Feb 12 2025 [ 2226 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21016 Feb 12 2025 [ 2229 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3892 Feb 12 2025 [ 2240 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Feb 12 2025 [ 2242 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Feb 12 2025 [ 2245 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 2247 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7484 Feb 12 2025 [ 2248 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27468 Feb 12 2025 [ 2252 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Feb 12 2025 [ 2266 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Feb 12 2025 [ 2268 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15456 Feb 12 2025 [ 2269 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40256 Feb 12 2025 [ 2277 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5488 Feb 12 2025 [ 2297 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6588 Feb 12 2025 [ 2300 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45868 Feb 12 2025 [ 2304 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7780 Jan 11 2024 [ 1219 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10868 Jan 11 2024 [ 1223 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 Jan 11 2024 [ 1229 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Jan 11 2024 [ 1230 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Jan 11 2024 [ 1233 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Jan 11 2024 [ 1236 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15392 Jan 11 2024 [ 1237 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Jan 11 2024 [ 1245 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 1246 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1247 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4068 Jan 11 2024 [ 1249 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Jan 11 2024 [ 1251 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Jan 11 2024 [ 1254 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6728 Jan 11 2024 [ 1255 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4636 Jan 11 2024 [ 1259 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2184 Jan 11 2024 [ 1262 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3616 Jan 11 2024 [ 1264 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 Jan 11 2024 [ 1266 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Jan 11 2024 [ 1267 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30568 Jan 11 2024 [ 1269 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 Jan 11 2024 [ 1284 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19712 Jan 11 2024 [ 1286 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 Jan 11 2024 [ 1296 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1297 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3892 Jan 11 2024 [ 1299 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 Jan 11 2024 [ 1301 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Jan 11 2024 [ 1303 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Jan 11 2024 [ 1305 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 Jan 11 2024 [ 1306 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3448 Jan 11 2024 [ 1308 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Jan 11 2024 [ 1310 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1312 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1808 Jan 11 2024 [ 1313 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2056 Jan 11 2024 [ 1314 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Jan 11 2024 [ 1316 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3887 Jan 11 2024 [ 1319 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 Jan 11 2024 [ 1321 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1323 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1325 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 Jan 11 2024 [ 1327 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 Jan 11 2024 [ 1328 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Jan 11 2024 [ 1329 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4944 Jan 11 2024 [ 1330 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11900 Jan 11 2024 [ 1333 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 Jan 11 2024 [ 1339 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1341 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Jan 11 2024 [ 1342 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 Jan 11 2024 [ 1344 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Jan 11 2024 [ 1345 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2332 Jan 11 2024 [ 1347 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1349 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 1354 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 Jan 11 2024 [ 1355 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1772 Jan 11 2024 [ 1358 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1359 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1362 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23696 Jan 11 2024 [ 1363 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 Jan 11 2024 [ 1375 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10112 Jan 11 2024 [ 1379 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Jan 11 2024 [ 1384 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4064 Jan 11 2024 [ 1392 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 29251 Jan 11 2024 [ 1394 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Jan 11 2024 [ 1409 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6080 Jan 11 2024 [ 1410 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Jan 11 2024 [ 1413 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6172 Jan 11 2024 [ 1414 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 Jan 11 2024 [ 1418 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6460 Jan 11 2024 [ 1421 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6192 Jan 11 2024 [ 1425 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16932 Jan 11 2024 [ 1429 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13520 Jan 11 2024 [ 1438 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1445 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Jan 11 2024 [ 1447 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2920 Jan 11 2024 [ 1448 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 Jan 11 2024 [ 1450 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1612 Jan 11 2024 [ 1467 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 Jan 11 2024 [ 1468 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 Jan 11 2024 [ 1472 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 Jan 11 2024 [ 1489 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10564 Jan 11 2024 [ 1497 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19104 Jan 11 2024 [ 1503 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Jan 11 2024 [ 1513 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1515 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Jan 11 2024 [ 1517 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Jan 11 2024 [ 1519 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1521 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 Jan 11 2024 [ 1523 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 Jan 11 2024 [ 1533 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Jan 11 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14824 Jan 11 2024 [ 1539 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17700 Jan 11 2024 [ 1547 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 Jan 11 2024 [ 1556 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 Jan 11 2024 [ 1561 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8804 Jan 11 2024 [ 1564 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12244 Jan 11 2024 [ 1569 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 Jan 11 2024 [ 1575 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 Jan 11 2024 [ 1593 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25036 Jan 11 2024 [ 1606 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5884 Jan 11 2024 [ 1619 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4860 Jan 11 2024 [ 1622 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39136 Jan 11 2024 [ 1625 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 Jan 11 2024 [ 1645 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Jan 11 2024 [ 1650 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 Jan 11 2024 [ 1652 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Jan 11 2024 [ 1655 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Jan 11 2024 [ 1657 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4684 Jan 11 2024 [ 1662 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 Jan 11 2024 [ 1665 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6560 Jan 11 2024 [ 1668 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Jan 11 2024 [ 1672 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2512 Jan 11 2024 [ 1673 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1675 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7004 Jan 11 2024 [ 1677 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7848 Jan 11 2024 [ 1681 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Jan 11 2024 [ 1685 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5700 Jan 11 2024 [ 1687 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2468 Jan 11 2024 [ 1690 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 Jan 11 2024 [ 1692 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8488 Jan 11 2024 [ 1694 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6092 Jan 11 2024 [ 1699 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7660 Jan 11 2024 [ 1702 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1706 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5032 Jan 11 2024 [ 1708 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1904 Jan 11 2024 [ 1711 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6300 Jan 11 2024 [ 1712 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 Jan 11 2024 [ 1716 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30132 Jan 11 2024 [ 1724 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13172 Jan 11 2024 [ 1739 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Jan 11 2024 [ 1746 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 Jan 11 2024 [ 1749 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3004 Jan 11 2024 [ 1752 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1754 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Jan 11 2024 [ 1756 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Jan 11 2024 [ 1759 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Jan 11 2024 [ 1761 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 Jan 11 2024 [ 1762 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4356 Jan 11 2024 [ 1765 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14216 Jan 11 2024 [ 1768 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8472 Jan 11 2024 [ 1775 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4756 Jan 11 2024 [ 1780 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3200 Jan 11 2024 [ 1783 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7500 Jan 11 2024 [ 1785 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 Jan 11 2024 [ 1789 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Jan 11 2024 [ 1790 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Jan 11 2024 [ 1792 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1852 Jan 11 2024 [ 1793 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 Jan 11 2024 [ 1794 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2824 Jan 11 2024 [ 1795 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1797 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Jan 11 2024 [ 1799 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3692 Jan 11 2024 [ 1801 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1803 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3692 Jan 11 2024 [ 1805 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3856 Jan 11 2024 [ 1807 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 Jan 11 2024 [ 1809 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8544 Jan 11 2024 [ 1811 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5709 Jan 11 2024 [ 1816 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2565 Jan 11 2024 [ 1819 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 Jan 11 2024 [ 1821 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1823 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 1837 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2016 Jan 11 2024 [ 1839 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13920 Jan 11 2024 [ 1840 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15068 Jan 11 2024 [ 1847 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4156 Jan 11 2024 [ 1855 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 57256 Jan 11 2024 [ 1858 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2836 Jan 11 2024 [ 1886 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 Jan 11 2024 [ 1888 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114896 Jan 11 2024 [ 1892 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10652 Jan 11 2024 [ 1949 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4260 Jan 11 2024 [ 1955 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Jan 11 2024 [ 1958 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 Jan 11 2024 [ 1960 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 1962 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10420 Jan 11 2024 [ 1963 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1584 Jan 11 2024 [ 1969 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Jan 11 2024 [ 1970 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Jan 11 2024 [ 1971 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Jan 11 2024 [ 1973 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1708 Jan 11 2024 [ 1975 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Jan 11 2024 [ 1976 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2292 Jan 11 2024 [ 1977 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Jan 11 2024 [ 1979 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Jan 11 2024 [ 1981 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Jan 11 2024 [ 1982 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Jan 11 2024 [ 1983 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Jan 11 2024 [ 1984 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Jan 11 2024 [ 1985 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Jan 11 2024 [ 1986 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Jan 11 2024 [ 1989 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Jan 11 2024 [ 1990 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Jan 11 2024 [ 1992 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Jan 11 2024 [ 1995 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Jan 11 2024 [ 1996 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Jan 11 2024 [ 1998 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2416 Jan 11 2024 [ 1999 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11376 Jan 11 2024 [ 2001 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 Jan 11 2024 [ 2007 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Jan 11 2024 [ 2011 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2013 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Jan 11 2024 [ 2017 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2018 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Jan 11 2024 [ 2020 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 Jan 11 2024 [ 2022 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Jan 11 2024 [ 2024 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 Jan 11 2024 [ 2026 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 Jan 11 2024 [ 2028 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Jan 11 2024 [ 2029 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2784 Jan 11 2024 [ 2031 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 Jan 11 2024 [ 2033 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1404 Jan 11 2024 [ 2034 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1636 Jan 11 2024 [ 2035 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 51032 Jan 11 2024 [ 2036 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8788 Jan 11 2024 [ 2061 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14952 Jan 11 2024 [ 2066 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2074 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Jan 11 2024 [ 2076 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3624 Jan 11 2024 [ 2079 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Jan 11 2024 [ 2081 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3156 Jan 11 2024 [ 2083 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 Jan 11 2024 [ 2085 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7068 Jan 11 2024 [ 2087 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7696 Jan 11 2024 [ 2091 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Jan 11 2024 [ 2095 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Jan 11 2024 [ 2096 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5224 Jan 11 2024 [ 2097 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 Jan 11 2024 [ 2100 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 2103 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 Jan 11 2024 [ 2105 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Jan 11 2024 [ 2109 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Jan 11 2024 [ 2111 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5564 Jan 11 2024 [ 2113 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 Jan 11 2024 [ 2116 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7132 Jan 11 2024 [ 2117 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Jan 11 2024 [ 2121 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17420 Jan 11 2024 [ 2123 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3216 Jan 11 2024 [ 2132 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Jan 11 2024 [ 2134 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4448 Jan 11 2024 [ 2135 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12356 Jan 11 2024 [ 2138 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5000 Jan 11 2024 [ 2145 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 2148 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2736 Jan 11 2024 [ 2149 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Jan 11 2024 [ 2151 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4920 Jan 11 2024 [ 2153 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2156 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2159 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2352 Jan 11 2024 [ 2160 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 Jan 11 2024 [ 2162 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 2163 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3728 Jan 11 2024 [ 2164 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8500 Jan 11 2024 [ 2166 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 Jan 11 2024 [ 2171 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5716 Jan 11 2024 [ 2174 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5396 Jan 11 2024 [ 2177 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Jan 11 2024 [ 2180 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10376 Jan 11 2024 [ 2184 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 Jan 11 2024 [ 2190 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 Jan 11 2024 [ 2192 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1916 Jan 11 2024 [ 2196 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 Jan 11 2024 [ 2197 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Jan 11 2024 [ 2199 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Jan 11 2024 [ 2201 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Jan 11 2024 [ 2202 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9828 Jan 11 2024 [ 2204 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2652 Jan 11 2024 [ 2209 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 Jan 11 2024 [ 2211 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 Jan 11 2024 [ 2214 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Jan 11 2024 [ 2216 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5980 Jan 11 2024 [ 2217 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2220 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 Jan 11 2024 [ 2223 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Jan 11 2024 [ 2226 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21016 Jan 11 2024 [ 2229 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3892 Jan 11 2024 [ 2240 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Jan 11 2024 [ 2242 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Jan 11 2024 [ 2245 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 2247 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7484 Jan 11 2024 [ 2248 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27468 Jan 11 2024 [ 2252 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Jan 11 2024 [ 2266 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Jan 11 2024 [ 2268 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15456 Jan 11 2024 [ 2269 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40256 Jan 11 2024 [ 2277 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5488 Jan 11 2024 [ 2297 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6588 Jan 11 2024 [ 2300 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45868 Jan 11 2024 [ 2304 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:46.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2025-02-12 10:55:47.000000 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boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1404 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1636 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 51032 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8788 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14952 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4052 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3624 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3156 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7068 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7696 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5224 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5564 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7132 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17420 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3216 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4448 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12356 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5000 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2736 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4920 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4588 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2352 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3728 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8500 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5716 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5396 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10376 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1916 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9828 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2652 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5980 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21016 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3892 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7484 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27468 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15456 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40256 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5488 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6588 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45868 2024-01-11 05:12:18.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,323 +1,323 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Feb 12 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Jan 11 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3520 Feb 12 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4404 Feb 12 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 548 Feb 12 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2636 Feb 12 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 Feb 12 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4920 Feb 12 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 236 Feb 12 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 Feb 12 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1540 Feb 12 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Feb 12 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2672 Feb 12 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 748 Feb 12 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3580 Feb 12 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2496 Feb 12 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 12 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 Feb 12 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1068 Feb 12 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 Feb 12 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12244 Feb 12 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 Feb 12 2025 [ 85 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9152 Feb 12 2025 [ 86 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1040 Feb 12 2025 [ 91 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1348 Feb 12 2025 [ 92 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1860 Feb 12 2025 [ 93 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 Feb 12 2025 [ 94 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Feb 12 2025 [ 95 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 536 Feb 12 2025 [ 96 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 Feb 12 2025 [ 97 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1596 Feb 12 2025 [ 98 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Feb 12 2025 [ 99 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 Feb 12 2025 [ 100 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Feb 12 2025 [ 101 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 968 Feb 12 2025 [ 102 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1780 Feb 12 2025 [ 103 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 104 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 840 Feb 12 2025 [ 105 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 106 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 107 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Feb 12 2025 [ 108 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Feb 12 2025 [ 109 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 416 Feb 12 2025 [ 110 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2344 Feb 12 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5476 Feb 12 2025 [ 113 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 Feb 12 2025 [ 116 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Feb 12 2025 [ 117 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1040 Feb 12 2025 [ 118 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Feb 12 2025 [ 119 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 Feb 12 2025 [ 120 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 121 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5340 Feb 12 2025 [ 122 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 Feb 12 2025 [ 125 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2216 Feb 12 2025 [ 126 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Feb 12 2025 [ 128 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 129 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Feb 12 2025 [ 131 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9464 Feb 12 2025 [ 132 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3184 Feb 12 2025 [ 137 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3424 Feb 12 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6044 Feb 12 2025 [ 141 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1888 Feb 12 2025 [ 144 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 46703 Feb 12 2025 [ 145 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 652 Feb 12 2025 [ 168 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3428 Feb 12 2025 [ 169 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 556 Feb 12 2025 [ 171 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3196 Feb 12 2025 [ 172 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2440 Feb 12 2025 [ 174 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Feb 12 2025 [ 176 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3648 Feb 12 2025 [ 178 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5704 Feb 12 2025 [ 180 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6508 Feb 12 2025 [ 183 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Feb 12 2025 [ 187 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 204 Feb 12 2025 [ 188 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1756 Feb 12 2025 [ 189 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8464 Feb 12 2025 [ 190 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 780 Feb 12 2025 [ 195 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 Feb 12 2025 [ 196 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8424 Feb 12 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10640 Feb 12 2025 [ 204 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8624 Feb 12 2025 [ 210 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 Feb 12 2025 [ 215 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Feb 12 2025 [ 217 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Feb 12 2025 [ 218 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Feb 12 2025 [ 220 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1344 Feb 12 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7616 Feb 12 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2736 Feb 12 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 880 Feb 12 2025 [ 228 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4472 Feb 12 2025 [ 229 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5604 Feb 12 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 235 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Feb 12 2025 [ 237 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3264 Feb 12 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10260 Feb 12 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9828 Feb 12 2025 [ 247 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6100 Feb 12 2025 [ 252 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 Feb 12 2025 [ 255 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2656 Feb 12 2025 [ 257 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 12 2025 [ 259 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15640 Feb 12 2025 [ 261 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3884 Feb 12 2025 [ 269 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Feb 12 2025 [ 271 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 Feb 12 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1800 Feb 12 2025 [ 273 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4524 Feb 12 2025 [ 274 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2196 Feb 12 2025 [ 277 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 Feb 12 2025 [ 279 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2916 Feb 12 2025 [ 281 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Feb 12 2025 [ 283 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1216 Feb 12 2025 [ 284 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 Feb 12 2025 [ 285 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3788 Feb 12 2025 [ 286 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4016 Feb 12 2025 [ 288 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 Feb 12 2025 [ 290 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2656 Feb 12 2025 [ 291 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Feb 12 2025 [ 293 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 294 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 Feb 12 2025 [ 295 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3332 Feb 12 2025 [ 298 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3940 Feb 12 2025 [ 300 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Feb 12 2025 [ 302 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1416 Feb 12 2025 [ 303 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 780 Feb 12 2025 [ 304 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2872 Feb 12 2025 [ 305 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Feb 12 2025 [ 307 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11076 Feb 12 2025 [ 308 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6008 Feb 12 2025 [ 314 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 317 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2804 Feb 12 2025 [ 319 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1324 Feb 12 2025 [ 321 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1660 Feb 12 2025 [ 322 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 Feb 12 2025 [ 323 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Feb 12 2025 [ 325 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Feb 12 2025 [ 326 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Feb 12 2025 [ 327 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1984 Feb 12 2025 [ 328 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5868 Feb 12 2025 [ 329 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3896 Feb 12 2025 [ 332 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Feb 12 2025 [ 334 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Feb 12 2025 [ 336 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3268 Feb 12 2025 [ 337 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Feb 12 2025 [ 339 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 Feb 12 2025 [ 340 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Feb 12 2025 [ 341 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 896 Feb 12 2025 [ 342 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Feb 12 2025 [ 343 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 344 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 Feb 12 2025 [ 345 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2008 Feb 12 2025 [ 346 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2064 Feb 12 2025 [ 347 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Feb 12 2025 [ 349 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2032 Feb 12 2025 [ 351 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Feb 12 2025 [ 352 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2072 Feb 12 2025 [ 354 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4176 Feb 12 2025 [ 356 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Feb 12 2025 [ 359 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1264 Feb 12 2025 [ 361 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Feb 12 2025 [ 362 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12848 Feb 12 2025 [ 363 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1072 Feb 12 2025 [ 370 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 Feb 12 2025 [ 371 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6184 Feb 12 2025 [ 372 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6628 Feb 12 2025 [ 376 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1908 Feb 12 2025 [ 380 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24724 Feb 12 2025 [ 381 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1396 Feb 12 2025 [ 394 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3356 Feb 12 2025 [ 395 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44536 Feb 12 2025 [ 397 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5748 Feb 12 2025 [ 419 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Feb 12 2025 [ 422 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Feb 12 2025 [ 424 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 425 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 426 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4456 Feb 12 2025 [ 427 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Feb 12 2025 [ 430 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 896 Feb 12 2025 [ 431 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Feb 12 2025 [ 432 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 433 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 Feb 12 2025 [ 434 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 704 Feb 12 2025 [ 435 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 Feb 12 2025 [ 436 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1200 Feb 12 2025 [ 437 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 828 Feb 12 2025 [ 438 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Feb 12 2025 [ 439 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 768 Feb 12 2025 [ 440 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 116 Feb 12 2025 [ 441 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 68 Feb 12 2025 [ 442 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Feb 12 2025 [ 443 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 Feb 12 2025 [ 445 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Feb 12 2025 [ 446 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2344 Feb 12 2025 [ 447 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 449 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Feb 12 2025 [ 450 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 Feb 12 2025 [ 451 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 Feb 12 2025 [ 452 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4776 Feb 12 2025 [ 453 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3036 Feb 12 2025 [ 456 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1212 Feb 12 2025 [ 458 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4132 Feb 12 2025 [ 459 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Feb 12 2025 [ 462 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 Feb 12 2025 [ 463 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 464 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1096 Feb 12 2025 [ 465 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 Feb 12 2025 [ 466 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Feb 12 2025 [ 467 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 696 Feb 12 2025 [ 468 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1236 Feb 12 2025 [ 469 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Feb 12 2025 [ 470 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 Feb 12 2025 [ 471 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 660 Feb 12 2025 [ 472 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 Feb 12 2025 [ 473 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26876 Feb 12 2025 [ 474 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4316 Feb 12 2025 [ 488 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6656 Feb 12 2025 [ 491 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2152 Feb 12 2025 [ 495 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2304 Feb 12 2025 [ 497 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1384 Feb 12 2025 [ 499 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 500 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1564 Feb 12 2025 [ 501 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1484 Feb 12 2025 [ 502 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 Feb 12 2025 [ 503 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 505 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 300 Feb 12 2025 [ 507 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 676 Feb 12 2025 [ 508 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Feb 12 2025 [ 509 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 Feb 12 2025 [ 511 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Feb 12 2025 [ 513 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Feb 12 2025 [ 514 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 912 Feb 12 2025 [ 517 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Feb 12 2025 [ 518 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2332 Feb 12 2025 [ 519 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Feb 12 2025 [ 521 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3808 Feb 12 2025 [ 522 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Feb 12 2025 [ 524 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7216 Feb 12 2025 [ 525 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Feb 12 2025 [ 529 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 164 Feb 12 2025 [ 530 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 Feb 12 2025 [ 531 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5080 Feb 12 2025 [ 532 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2192 Feb 12 2025 [ 535 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 576 Feb 12 2025 [ 537 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1240 Feb 12 2025 [ 538 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Feb 12 2025 [ 539 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2176 Feb 12 2025 [ 540 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1796 Feb 12 2025 [ 542 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 543 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Feb 12 2025 [ 544 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Feb 12 2025 [ 545 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Feb 12 2025 [ 546 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Feb 12 2025 [ 547 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4372 Feb 12 2025 [ 548 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2648 Feb 12 2025 [ 551 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2848 Feb 12 2025 [ 553 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Feb 12 2025 [ 555 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 Feb 12 2025 [ 557 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5168 Feb 12 2025 [ 559 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1796 Feb 12 2025 [ 562 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2820 Feb 12 2025 [ 563 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 952 Feb 12 2025 [ 565 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1004 Feb 12 2025 [ 566 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1056 Feb 12 2025 [ 567 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 612 Feb 12 2025 [ 568 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1760 Feb 12 2025 [ 569 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4160 Feb 12 2025 [ 570 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 573 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1884 Feb 12 2025 [ 574 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1004 Feb 12 2025 [ 575 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 84 Feb 12 2025 [ 576 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Feb 12 2025 [ 577 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Feb 12 2025 [ 579 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 Feb 12 2025 [ 581 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 Feb 12 2025 [ 583 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9408 Feb 12 2025 [ 585 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Feb 12 2025 [ 590 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1648 Feb 12 2025 [ 591 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Feb 12 2025 [ 592 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Feb 12 2025 [ 593 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3708 Feb 12 2025 [ 594 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11368 Feb 12 2025 [ 596 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Feb 12 2025 [ 602 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Feb 12 2025 [ 603 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8032 Feb 12 2025 [ 604 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19000 Feb 12 2025 [ 608 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2700 Feb 12 2025 [ 618 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2548 Feb 12 2025 [ 620 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19332 Feb 12 2025 [ 622 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3520 Jan 11 2024 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4404 Jan 11 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 548 Jan 11 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2636 Jan 11 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 Jan 11 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4920 Jan 11 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 236 Jan 11 2024 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Jan 11 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1540 Jan 11 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Jan 11 2024 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2672 Jan 11 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 748 Jan 11 2024 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3580 Jan 11 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2496 Jan 11 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jan 11 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Jan 11 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1068 Jan 11 2024 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 Jan 11 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12244 Jan 11 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 Jan 11 2024 [ 85 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9152 Jan 11 2024 [ 86 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1040 Jan 11 2024 [ 91 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1348 Jan 11 2024 [ 92 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1860 Jan 11 2024 [ 93 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 Jan 11 2024 [ 94 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jan 11 2024 [ 95 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 536 Jan 11 2024 [ 96 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Jan 11 2024 [ 97 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1596 Jan 11 2024 [ 98 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jan 11 2024 [ 99 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Jan 11 2024 [ 100 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Jan 11 2024 [ 101 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 968 Jan 11 2024 [ 102 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1780 Jan 11 2024 [ 103 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 104 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 840 Jan 11 2024 [ 105 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 106 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 107 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Jan 11 2024 [ 108 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Jan 11 2024 [ 109 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 416 Jan 11 2024 [ 110 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2344 Jan 11 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5476 Jan 11 2024 [ 113 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Jan 11 2024 [ 116 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Jan 11 2024 [ 117 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1040 Jan 11 2024 [ 118 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Jan 11 2024 [ 119 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Jan 11 2024 [ 120 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 121 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5340 Jan 11 2024 [ 122 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Jan 11 2024 [ 125 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2216 Jan 11 2024 [ 126 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Jan 11 2024 [ 128 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 129 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Jan 11 2024 [ 131 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9464 Jan 11 2024 [ 132 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3184 Jan 11 2024 [ 137 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3424 Jan 11 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6044 Jan 11 2024 [ 141 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1888 Jan 11 2024 [ 144 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 46703 Jan 11 2024 [ 145 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 652 Jan 11 2024 [ 168 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3428 Jan 11 2024 [ 169 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 556 Jan 11 2024 [ 171 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3196 Jan 11 2024 [ 172 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Jan 11 2024 [ 174 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Jan 11 2024 [ 176 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3648 Jan 11 2024 [ 178 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5704 Jan 11 2024 [ 180 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6508 Jan 11 2024 [ 183 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 Jan 11 2024 [ 187 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 204 Jan 11 2024 [ 188 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1756 Jan 11 2024 [ 189 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8464 Jan 11 2024 [ 190 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 780 Jan 11 2024 [ 195 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 Jan 11 2024 [ 196 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8424 Jan 11 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10640 Jan 11 2024 [ 204 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8624 Jan 11 2024 [ 210 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 Jan 11 2024 [ 215 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Jan 11 2024 [ 217 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Jan 11 2024 [ 218 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Jan 11 2024 [ 220 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1344 Jan 11 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7616 Jan 11 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2736 Jan 11 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 880 Jan 11 2024 [ 228 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4472 Jan 11 2024 [ 229 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5604 Jan 11 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 235 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Jan 11 2024 [ 237 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3264 Jan 11 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10260 Jan 11 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9828 Jan 11 2024 [ 247 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6100 Jan 11 2024 [ 252 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 Jan 11 2024 [ 255 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2656 Jan 11 2024 [ 257 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Jan 11 2024 [ 259 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15640 Jan 11 2024 [ 261 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3884 Jan 11 2024 [ 269 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Jan 11 2024 [ 271 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 Jan 11 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1800 Jan 11 2024 [ 273 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4524 Jan 11 2024 [ 274 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2196 Jan 11 2024 [ 277 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Jan 11 2024 [ 279 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2916 Jan 11 2024 [ 281 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Jan 11 2024 [ 283 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1216 Jan 11 2024 [ 284 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Jan 11 2024 [ 285 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3788 Jan 11 2024 [ 286 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4016 Jan 11 2024 [ 288 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Jan 11 2024 [ 290 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2656 Jan 11 2024 [ 291 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Jan 11 2024 [ 293 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 294 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Jan 11 2024 [ 295 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3332 Jan 11 2024 [ 298 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3940 Jan 11 2024 [ 300 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 Jan 11 2024 [ 302 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1416 Jan 11 2024 [ 303 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 780 Jan 11 2024 [ 304 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2872 Jan 11 2024 [ 305 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Jan 11 2024 [ 307 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11076 Jan 11 2024 [ 308 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6008 Jan 11 2024 [ 314 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 317 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2804 Jan 11 2024 [ 319 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1324 Jan 11 2024 [ 321 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1660 Jan 11 2024 [ 322 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 Jan 11 2024 [ 323 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Jan 11 2024 [ 325 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Jan 11 2024 [ 326 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Jan 11 2024 [ 327 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1984 Jan 11 2024 [ 328 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5868 Jan 11 2024 [ 329 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3896 Jan 11 2024 [ 332 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Jan 11 2024 [ 334 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Jan 11 2024 [ 336 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3268 Jan 11 2024 [ 337 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Jan 11 2024 [ 339 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Jan 11 2024 [ 340 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Jan 11 2024 [ 341 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 896 Jan 11 2024 [ 342 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Jan 11 2024 [ 343 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 344 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 Jan 11 2024 [ 345 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2008 Jan 11 2024 [ 346 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2064 Jan 11 2024 [ 347 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Jan 11 2024 [ 349 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2032 Jan 11 2024 [ 351 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Jan 11 2024 [ 352 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2072 Jan 11 2024 [ 354 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4176 Jan 11 2024 [ 356 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Jan 11 2024 [ 359 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1264 Jan 11 2024 [ 361 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Jan 11 2024 [ 362 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12848 Jan 11 2024 [ 363 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1072 Jan 11 2024 [ 370 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Jan 11 2024 [ 371 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6184 Jan 11 2024 [ 372 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6628 Jan 11 2024 [ 376 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1908 Jan 11 2024 [ 380 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24724 Jan 11 2024 [ 381 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1396 Jan 11 2024 [ 394 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3356 Jan 11 2024 [ 395 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44536 Jan 11 2024 [ 397 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5748 Jan 11 2024 [ 419 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Jan 11 2024 [ 422 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Jan 11 2024 [ 424 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 425 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 426 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4456 Jan 11 2024 [ 427 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Jan 11 2024 [ 430 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 896 Jan 11 2024 [ 431 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Jan 11 2024 [ 432 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 433 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 Jan 11 2024 [ 434 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 704 Jan 11 2024 [ 435 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Jan 11 2024 [ 436 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Jan 11 2024 [ 437 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 828 Jan 11 2024 [ 438 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Jan 11 2024 [ 439 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 768 Jan 11 2024 [ 440 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 116 Jan 11 2024 [ 441 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 68 Jan 11 2024 [ 442 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Jan 11 2024 [ 443 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 Jan 11 2024 [ 445 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Jan 11 2024 [ 446 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2344 Jan 11 2024 [ 447 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 449 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Jan 11 2024 [ 450 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 Jan 11 2024 [ 451 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Jan 11 2024 [ 452 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4776 Jan 11 2024 [ 453 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3036 Jan 11 2024 [ 456 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1212 Jan 11 2024 [ 458 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4132 Jan 11 2024 [ 459 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Jan 11 2024 [ 462 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Jan 11 2024 [ 463 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 464 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1096 Jan 11 2024 [ 465 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Jan 11 2024 [ 466 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Jan 11 2024 [ 467 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 696 Jan 11 2024 [ 468 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1236 Jan 11 2024 [ 469 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Jan 11 2024 [ 470 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 Jan 11 2024 [ 471 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 660 Jan 11 2024 [ 472 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 Jan 11 2024 [ 473 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26876 Jan 11 2024 [ 474 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4316 Jan 11 2024 [ 488 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6656 Jan 11 2024 [ 491 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2152 Jan 11 2024 [ 495 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2304 Jan 11 2024 [ 497 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1384 Jan 11 2024 [ 499 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 500 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1564 Jan 11 2024 [ 501 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1484 Jan 11 2024 [ 502 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Jan 11 2024 [ 503 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 505 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 300 Jan 11 2024 [ 507 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 676 Jan 11 2024 [ 508 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Jan 11 2024 [ 509 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 Jan 11 2024 [ 511 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Jan 11 2024 [ 513 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Jan 11 2024 [ 514 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 912 Jan 11 2024 [ 517 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Jan 11 2024 [ 518 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2332 Jan 11 2024 [ 519 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Jan 11 2024 [ 521 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3808 Jan 11 2024 [ 522 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Jan 11 2024 [ 524 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7216 Jan 11 2024 [ 525 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Jan 11 2024 [ 529 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 164 Jan 11 2024 [ 530 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Jan 11 2024 [ 531 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5080 Jan 11 2024 [ 532 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2192 Jan 11 2024 [ 535 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 576 Jan 11 2024 [ 537 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1240 Jan 11 2024 [ 538 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Jan 11 2024 [ 539 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2176 Jan 11 2024 [ 540 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1796 Jan 11 2024 [ 542 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 543 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Jan 11 2024 [ 544 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Jan 11 2024 [ 545 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Jan 11 2024 [ 546 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Jan 11 2024 [ 547 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4372 Jan 11 2024 [ 548 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2648 Jan 11 2024 [ 551 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2848 Jan 11 2024 [ 553 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Jan 11 2024 [ 555 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Jan 11 2024 [ 557 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5168 Jan 11 2024 [ 559 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1796 Jan 11 2024 [ 562 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2820 Jan 11 2024 [ 563 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 952 Jan 11 2024 [ 565 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1004 Jan 11 2024 [ 566 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1056 Jan 11 2024 [ 567 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 612 Jan 11 2024 [ 568 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1760 Jan 11 2024 [ 569 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4160 Jan 11 2024 [ 570 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 573 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1884 Jan 11 2024 [ 574 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1004 Jan 11 2024 [ 575 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 84 Jan 11 2024 [ 576 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Jan 11 2024 [ 577 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Jan 11 2024 [ 579 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 Jan 11 2024 [ 581 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 Jan 11 2024 [ 583 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9408 Jan 11 2024 [ 585 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Jan 11 2024 [ 590 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1648 Jan 11 2024 [ 591 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Jan 11 2024 [ 592 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Jan 11 2024 [ 593 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3708 Jan 11 2024 [ 594 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11368 Jan 11 2024 [ 596 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Jan 11 2024 [ 602 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Jan 11 2024 [ 603 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8032 Jan 11 2024 [ 604 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19000 Jan 11 2024 [ 608 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2700 Jan 11 2024 [ 618 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2548 Jan 11 2024 [ 620 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19332 Jan 11 2024 [ 622 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,323 +1,323 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Feb 12 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Jan 11 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Feb 12 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Feb 12 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3520 Feb 12 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4404 Feb 12 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 Feb 12 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 Feb 12 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Feb 12 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4920 Feb 12 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 Feb 12 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Feb 12 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Feb 12 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Feb 12 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Feb 12 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 748 Feb 12 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3580 Feb 12 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2496 Feb 12 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Feb 12 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 Feb 12 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1068 Feb 12 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Feb 12 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12244 Feb 12 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Feb 12 2025 [ 85 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9152 Feb 12 2025 [ 86 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1040 Feb 12 2025 [ 91 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1348 Feb 12 2025 [ 92 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Feb 12 2025 [ 93 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Feb 12 2025 [ 94 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Feb 12 2025 [ 95 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 536 Feb 12 2025 [ 96 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Feb 12 2025 [ 97 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Feb 12 2025 [ 98 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Feb 12 2025 [ 99 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Feb 12 2025 [ 100 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Feb 12 2025 [ 101 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 968 Feb 12 2025 [ 102 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1780 Feb 12 2025 [ 103 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1456 Feb 12 2025 [ 104 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 840 Feb 12 2025 [ 105 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 106 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 107 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Feb 12 2025 [ 108 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Feb 12 2025 [ 109 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 Feb 12 2025 [ 110 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Feb 12 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5476 Feb 12 2025 [ 113 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Feb 12 2025 [ 116 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Feb 12 2025 [ 117 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1040 Feb 12 2025 [ 118 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Feb 12 2025 [ 119 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Feb 12 2025 [ 120 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 121 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5340 Feb 12 2025 [ 122 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Feb 12 2025 [ 125 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2216 Feb 12 2025 [ 126 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Feb 12 2025 [ 128 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2396 Feb 12 2025 [ 129 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Feb 12 2025 [ 131 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9464 Feb 12 2025 [ 132 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3184 Feb 12 2025 [ 137 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3424 Feb 12 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6044 Feb 12 2025 [ 141 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1888 Feb 12 2025 [ 144 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 46703 Feb 12 2025 [ 145 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 Feb 12 2025 [ 168 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3428 Feb 12 2025 [ 169 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Feb 12 2025 [ 171 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Feb 12 2025 [ 172 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2440 Feb 12 2025 [ 174 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Feb 12 2025 [ 176 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3648 Feb 12 2025 [ 178 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5704 Feb 12 2025 [ 180 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6508 Feb 12 2025 [ 183 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Feb 12 2025 [ 187 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 Feb 12 2025 [ 188 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 Feb 12 2025 [ 189 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8464 Feb 12 2025 [ 190 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Feb 12 2025 [ 195 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 Feb 12 2025 [ 196 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8424 Feb 12 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 Feb 12 2025 [ 204 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8624 Feb 12 2025 [ 210 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 Feb 12 2025 [ 215 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Feb 12 2025 [ 217 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Feb 12 2025 [ 218 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1832 Feb 12 2025 [ 220 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1344 Feb 12 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7616 Feb 12 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2736 Feb 12 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 Feb 12 2025 [ 228 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4472 Feb 12 2025 [ 229 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5604 Feb 12 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 235 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Feb 12 2025 [ 237 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3264 Feb 12 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10260 Feb 12 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9828 Feb 12 2025 [ 247 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 Feb 12 2025 [ 252 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Feb 12 2025 [ 255 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 Feb 12 2025 [ 257 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Feb 12 2025 [ 259 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15640 Feb 12 2025 [ 261 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3884 Feb 12 2025 [ 269 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Feb 12 2025 [ 271 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 Feb 12 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1800 Feb 12 2025 [ 273 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4524 Feb 12 2025 [ 274 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Feb 12 2025 [ 277 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Feb 12 2025 [ 279 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2916 Feb 12 2025 [ 281 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Feb 12 2025 [ 283 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 Feb 12 2025 [ 284 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Feb 12 2025 [ 285 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3788 Feb 12 2025 [ 286 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4016 Feb 12 2025 [ 288 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Feb 12 2025 [ 290 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 Feb 12 2025 [ 291 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Feb 12 2025 [ 293 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 294 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4324 Feb 12 2025 [ 295 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3332 Feb 12 2025 [ 298 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Feb 12 2025 [ 300 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Feb 12 2025 [ 302 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1416 Feb 12 2025 [ 303 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Feb 12 2025 [ 304 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2872 Feb 12 2025 [ 305 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Feb 12 2025 [ 307 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11076 Feb 12 2025 [ 308 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6008 Feb 12 2025 [ 314 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Feb 12 2025 [ 317 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2804 Feb 12 2025 [ 319 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1324 Feb 12 2025 [ 321 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1660 Feb 12 2025 [ 322 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Feb 12 2025 [ 323 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Feb 12 2025 [ 325 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Feb 12 2025 [ 326 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Feb 12 2025 [ 327 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1984 Feb 12 2025 [ 328 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 Feb 12 2025 [ 329 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3896 Feb 12 2025 [ 332 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2608 Feb 12 2025 [ 334 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Feb 12 2025 [ 336 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3268 Feb 12 2025 [ 337 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Feb 12 2025 [ 339 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Feb 12 2025 [ 340 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Feb 12 2025 [ 341 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Feb 12 2025 [ 342 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Feb 12 2025 [ 343 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Feb 12 2025 [ 344 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Feb 12 2025 [ 345 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2008 Feb 12 2025 [ 346 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2064 Feb 12 2025 [ 347 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Feb 12 2025 [ 349 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2032 Feb 12 2025 [ 351 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Feb 12 2025 [ 352 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Feb 12 2025 [ 354 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4176 Feb 12 2025 [ 356 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2116 Feb 12 2025 [ 359 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Feb 12 2025 [ 361 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Feb 12 2025 [ 362 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12848 Feb 12 2025 [ 363 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 Feb 12 2025 [ 370 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Feb 12 2025 [ 371 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6184 Feb 12 2025 [ 372 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6628 Feb 12 2025 [ 376 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1908 Feb 12 2025 [ 380 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 24724 Feb 12 2025 [ 381 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 Feb 12 2025 [ 394 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3356 Feb 12 2025 [ 395 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44536 Feb 12 2025 [ 397 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5748 Feb 12 2025 [ 419 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2448 Feb 12 2025 [ 422 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Feb 12 2025 [ 424 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 425 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 426 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4456 Feb 12 2025 [ 427 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Feb 12 2025 [ 430 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Feb 12 2025 [ 431 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Feb 12 2025 [ 432 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Feb 12 2025 [ 433 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Feb 12 2025 [ 434 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 Feb 12 2025 [ 435 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Feb 12 2025 [ 436 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1200 Feb 12 2025 [ 437 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 Feb 12 2025 [ 438 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Feb 12 2025 [ 439 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 768 Feb 12 2025 [ 440 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 Feb 12 2025 [ 441 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 Feb 12 2025 [ 442 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 Feb 12 2025 [ 443 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Feb 12 2025 [ 445 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Feb 12 2025 [ 446 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Feb 12 2025 [ 447 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 449 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Feb 12 2025 [ 450 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Feb 12 2025 [ 451 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Feb 12 2025 [ 452 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4776 Feb 12 2025 [ 453 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3036 Feb 12 2025 [ 456 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1212 Feb 12 2025 [ 458 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4132 Feb 12 2025 [ 459 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Feb 12 2025 [ 462 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Feb 12 2025 [ 463 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Feb 12 2025 [ 464 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1096 Feb 12 2025 [ 465 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Feb 12 2025 [ 466 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Feb 12 2025 [ 467 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 Feb 12 2025 [ 468 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 Feb 12 2025 [ 469 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Feb 12 2025 [ 470 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Feb 12 2025 [ 471 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 660 Feb 12 2025 [ 472 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Feb 12 2025 [ 473 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26876 Feb 12 2025 [ 474 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4316 Feb 12 2025 [ 488 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6656 Feb 12 2025 [ 491 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 Feb 12 2025 [ 495 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2304 Feb 12 2025 [ 497 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1384 Feb 12 2025 [ 499 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Feb 12 2025 [ 500 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1564 Feb 12 2025 [ 501 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1484 Feb 12 2025 [ 502 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Feb 12 2025 [ 503 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Feb 12 2025 [ 505 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 Feb 12 2025 [ 507 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Feb 12 2025 [ 508 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 Feb 12 2025 [ 509 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Feb 12 2025 [ 511 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Feb 12 2025 [ 513 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 Feb 12 2025 [ 514 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Feb 12 2025 [ 517 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Feb 12 2025 [ 518 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2332 Feb 12 2025 [ 519 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Feb 12 2025 [ 521 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3808 Feb 12 2025 [ 522 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Feb 12 2025 [ 524 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7216 Feb 12 2025 [ 525 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Feb 12 2025 [ 529 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 Feb 12 2025 [ 530 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 Feb 12 2025 [ 531 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5080 Feb 12 2025 [ 532 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2192 Feb 12 2025 [ 535 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 Feb 12 2025 [ 537 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1240 Feb 12 2025 [ 538 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Feb 12 2025 [ 539 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2176 Feb 12 2025 [ 540 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1796 Feb 12 2025 [ 542 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Feb 12 2025 [ 543 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Feb 12 2025 [ 544 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Feb 12 2025 [ 545 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Feb 12 2025 [ 546 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Feb 12 2025 [ 547 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4372 Feb 12 2025 [ 548 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2648 Feb 12 2025 [ 551 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2848 Feb 12 2025 [ 553 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Feb 12 2025 [ 555 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 Feb 12 2025 [ 557 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5168 Feb 12 2025 [ 559 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1796 Feb 12 2025 [ 562 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Feb 12 2025 [ 563 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 952 Feb 12 2025 [ 565 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Feb 12 2025 [ 566 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 Feb 12 2025 [ 567 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 612 Feb 12 2025 [ 568 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 Feb 12 2025 [ 569 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 Feb 12 2025 [ 570 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Feb 12 2025 [ 573 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1884 Feb 12 2025 [ 574 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Feb 12 2025 [ 575 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 Feb 12 2025 [ 576 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 Feb 12 2025 [ 577 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Feb 12 2025 [ 579 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 Feb 12 2025 [ 581 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 Feb 12 2025 [ 583 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9408 Feb 12 2025 [ 585 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 Feb 12 2025 [ 590 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1648 Feb 12 2025 [ 591 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Feb 12 2025 [ 592 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Feb 12 2025 [ 593 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3708 Feb 12 2025 [ 594 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11368 Feb 12 2025 [ 596 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Feb 12 2025 [ 602 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Feb 12 2025 [ 603 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8032 Feb 12 2025 [ 604 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19000 Feb 12 2025 [ 608 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2700 Feb 12 2025 [ 618 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2548 Feb 12 2025 [ 620 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19332 Feb 12 2025 [ 622 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Jan 11 2024 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Jan 11 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3520 Jan 11 2024 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4404 Jan 11 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 Jan 11 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 Jan 11 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Jan 11 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4920 Jan 11 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 Jan 11 2024 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Jan 11 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Jan 11 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2004 Jan 11 2024 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Jan 11 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 748 Jan 11 2024 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3580 Jan 11 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2496 Jan 11 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Jan 11 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 Jan 11 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1068 Jan 11 2024 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Jan 11 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12244 Jan 11 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Jan 11 2024 [ 85 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9152 Jan 11 2024 [ 86 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1040 Jan 11 2024 [ 91 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1348 Jan 11 2024 [ 92 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Jan 11 2024 [ 93 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Jan 11 2024 [ 94 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jan 11 2024 [ 95 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 536 Jan 11 2024 [ 96 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Jan 11 2024 [ 97 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1596 Jan 11 2024 [ 98 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Jan 11 2024 [ 99 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Jan 11 2024 [ 100 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Jan 11 2024 [ 101 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 968 Jan 11 2024 [ 102 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1780 Jan 11 2024 [ 103 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1456 Jan 11 2024 [ 104 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 840 Jan 11 2024 [ 105 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 106 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 107 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Jan 11 2024 [ 108 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Jan 11 2024 [ 109 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 Jan 11 2024 [ 110 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Jan 11 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5476 Jan 11 2024 [ 113 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Jan 11 2024 [ 116 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Jan 11 2024 [ 117 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1040 Jan 11 2024 [ 118 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Jan 11 2024 [ 119 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Jan 11 2024 [ 120 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 121 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5340 Jan 11 2024 [ 122 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Jan 11 2024 [ 125 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2216 Jan 11 2024 [ 126 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Jan 11 2024 [ 128 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2396 Jan 11 2024 [ 129 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Jan 11 2024 [ 131 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9464 Jan 11 2024 [ 132 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3184 Jan 11 2024 [ 137 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3424 Jan 11 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6044 Jan 11 2024 [ 141 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1888 Jan 11 2024 [ 144 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 46703 Jan 11 2024 [ 145 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 Jan 11 2024 [ 168 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3428 Jan 11 2024 [ 169 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Jan 11 2024 [ 171 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Jan 11 2024 [ 172 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2440 Jan 11 2024 [ 174 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Jan 11 2024 [ 176 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3648 Jan 11 2024 [ 178 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5704 Jan 11 2024 [ 180 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6508 Jan 11 2024 [ 183 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Jan 11 2024 [ 187 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 Jan 11 2024 [ 188 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 Jan 11 2024 [ 189 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8464 Jan 11 2024 [ 190 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Jan 11 2024 [ 195 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 Jan 11 2024 [ 196 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8424 Jan 11 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 Jan 11 2024 [ 204 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8624 Jan 11 2024 [ 210 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 Jan 11 2024 [ 215 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Jan 11 2024 [ 217 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Jan 11 2024 [ 218 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1832 Jan 11 2024 [ 220 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1344 Jan 11 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7616 Jan 11 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2736 Jan 11 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 Jan 11 2024 [ 228 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4472 Jan 11 2024 [ 229 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5604 Jan 11 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 235 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Jan 11 2024 [ 237 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3264 Jan 11 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10260 Jan 11 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9828 Jan 11 2024 [ 247 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 Jan 11 2024 [ 252 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Jan 11 2024 [ 255 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 Jan 11 2024 [ 257 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Jan 11 2024 [ 259 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15640 Jan 11 2024 [ 261 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3884 Jan 11 2024 [ 269 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Jan 11 2024 [ 271 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 Jan 11 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1800 Jan 11 2024 [ 273 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4524 Jan 11 2024 [ 274 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Jan 11 2024 [ 277 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Jan 11 2024 [ 279 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2916 Jan 11 2024 [ 281 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Jan 11 2024 [ 283 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 Jan 11 2024 [ 284 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Jan 11 2024 [ 285 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3788 Jan 11 2024 [ 286 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4016 Jan 11 2024 [ 288 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Jan 11 2024 [ 290 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 Jan 11 2024 [ 291 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Jan 11 2024 [ 293 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 294 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4324 Jan 11 2024 [ 295 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3332 Jan 11 2024 [ 298 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3940 Jan 11 2024 [ 300 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2028 Jan 11 2024 [ 302 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1416 Jan 11 2024 [ 303 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Jan 11 2024 [ 304 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2872 Jan 11 2024 [ 305 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Jan 11 2024 [ 307 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11076 Jan 11 2024 [ 308 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6008 Jan 11 2024 [ 314 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Jan 11 2024 [ 317 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2804 Jan 11 2024 [ 319 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1324 Jan 11 2024 [ 321 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1660 Jan 11 2024 [ 322 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Jan 11 2024 [ 323 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Jan 11 2024 [ 325 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Jan 11 2024 [ 326 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Jan 11 2024 [ 327 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1984 Jan 11 2024 [ 328 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 Jan 11 2024 [ 329 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3896 Jan 11 2024 [ 332 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2608 Jan 11 2024 [ 334 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Jan 11 2024 [ 336 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3268 Jan 11 2024 [ 337 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Jan 11 2024 [ 339 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Jan 11 2024 [ 340 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Jan 11 2024 [ 341 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Jan 11 2024 [ 342 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Jan 11 2024 [ 343 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Jan 11 2024 [ 344 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Jan 11 2024 [ 345 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2008 Jan 11 2024 [ 346 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2064 Jan 11 2024 [ 347 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Jan 11 2024 [ 349 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2032 Jan 11 2024 [ 351 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Jan 11 2024 [ 352 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Jan 11 2024 [ 354 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4176 Jan 11 2024 [ 356 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2116 Jan 11 2024 [ 359 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Jan 11 2024 [ 361 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Jan 11 2024 [ 362 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12848 Jan 11 2024 [ 363 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 Jan 11 2024 [ 370 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Jan 11 2024 [ 371 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6184 Jan 11 2024 [ 372 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6628 Jan 11 2024 [ 376 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1908 Jan 11 2024 [ 380 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 24724 Jan 11 2024 [ 381 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 Jan 11 2024 [ 394 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3356 Jan 11 2024 [ 395 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44536 Jan 11 2024 [ 397 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5748 Jan 11 2024 [ 419 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2448 Jan 11 2024 [ 422 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Jan 11 2024 [ 424 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 425 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 426 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4456 Jan 11 2024 [ 427 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Jan 11 2024 [ 430 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Jan 11 2024 [ 431 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Jan 11 2024 [ 432 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Jan 11 2024 [ 433 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Jan 11 2024 [ 434 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 Jan 11 2024 [ 435 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Jan 11 2024 [ 436 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1200 Jan 11 2024 [ 437 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 Jan 11 2024 [ 438 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Jan 11 2024 [ 439 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 768 Jan 11 2024 [ 440 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 Jan 11 2024 [ 441 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 Jan 11 2024 [ 442 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 Jan 11 2024 [ 443 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Jan 11 2024 [ 445 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Jan 11 2024 [ 446 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Jan 11 2024 [ 447 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 449 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Jan 11 2024 [ 450 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Jan 11 2024 [ 451 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Jan 11 2024 [ 452 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4776 Jan 11 2024 [ 453 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3036 Jan 11 2024 [ 456 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1212 Jan 11 2024 [ 458 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4132 Jan 11 2024 [ 459 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Jan 11 2024 [ 462 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Jan 11 2024 [ 463 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Jan 11 2024 [ 464 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1096 Jan 11 2024 [ 465 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Jan 11 2024 [ 466 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Jan 11 2024 [ 467 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 Jan 11 2024 [ 468 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 Jan 11 2024 [ 469 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Jan 11 2024 [ 470 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Jan 11 2024 [ 471 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 660 Jan 11 2024 [ 472 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Jan 11 2024 [ 473 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26876 Jan 11 2024 [ 474 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4316 Jan 11 2024 [ 488 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6656 Jan 11 2024 [ 491 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 Jan 11 2024 [ 495 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2304 Jan 11 2024 [ 497 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1384 Jan 11 2024 [ 499 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1448 Jan 11 2024 [ 500 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1564 Jan 11 2024 [ 501 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1484 Jan 11 2024 [ 502 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Jan 11 2024 [ 503 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3176 Jan 11 2024 [ 505 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 Jan 11 2024 [ 507 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Jan 11 2024 [ 508 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 Jan 11 2024 [ 509 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Jan 11 2024 [ 511 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Jan 11 2024 [ 513 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 Jan 11 2024 [ 514 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Jan 11 2024 [ 517 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Jan 11 2024 [ 518 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2332 Jan 11 2024 [ 519 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Jan 11 2024 [ 521 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3808 Jan 11 2024 [ 522 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Jan 11 2024 [ 524 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7216 Jan 11 2024 [ 525 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Jan 11 2024 [ 529 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 Jan 11 2024 [ 530 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 Jan 11 2024 [ 531 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5080 Jan 11 2024 [ 532 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2192 Jan 11 2024 [ 535 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 Jan 11 2024 [ 537 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1240 Jan 11 2024 [ 538 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Jan 11 2024 [ 539 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2176 Jan 11 2024 [ 540 00] tftp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1796 Jan 11 2024 [ 542 00] tga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Jan 11 2024 [ 543 00] time.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Jan 11 2024 [ 544 00] tr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Jan 11 2024 [ 545 00] trig.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Jan 11 2024 [ 546 00] true.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1588 Jan 11 2024 [ 547 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4372 Jan 11 2024 [ 548 00] udf.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2648 Jan 11 2024 [ 551 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2848 Jan 11 2024 [ 553 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Jan 11 2024 [ 555 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 Jan 11 2024 [ 557 00] uhci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5168 Jan 11 2024 [ 559 00] usb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1796 Jan 11 2024 [ 562 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Jan 11 2024 [ 563 00] usbms.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 952 Jan 11 2024 [ 565 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Jan 11 2024 [ 566 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 Jan 11 2024 [ 567 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 612 Jan 11 2024 [ 568 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 Jan 11 2024 [ 569 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 Jan 11 2024 [ 570 00] vbe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1300 Jan 11 2024 [ 573 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1884 Jan 11 2024 [ 574 00] vga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Jan 11 2024 [ 575 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 Jan 11 2024 [ 576 00] video.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 Jan 11 2024 [ 577 00] video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Jan 11 2024 [ 579 00] 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"boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11648 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000928 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11652 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000776 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3596 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3722 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2566 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2564 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 57252 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2836 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6744 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114876 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -341,15 +341,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3692 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3856 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5848 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3819 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2578 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2576 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27896 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12728 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13828 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 57252 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2836 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -560,15 +560,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5456 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5576 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5680 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5608 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5552 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3722 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2491 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2489 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 43544 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2312 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 91624 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4376 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9688 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 174472 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1312 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1175284 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1174904 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9047,17 +9047,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-14753100355\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14547675011\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -91729,27 +91729,27 @@\n 0x00172113 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x00172123 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172133 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172143 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172153 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172163 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172173 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x00172183 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x00172193 31323700 30303030 30303031 31343000 127.00000001140.\n- 0x001721a3 31343735 33313030 33353500 30313330 14753100355.0130\n- 0x001721b3 33330020 30000000 00000000 00000000 33. 0...........\n+ 0x00172183 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x00172193 32353600 30303030 30303031 31343000 256.00000001140.\n+ 0x001721a3 31343534 37363735 30313100 30313330 14547675011.0130\n+ 0x001721b3 35360020 30000000 00000000 00000000 56. 0...........\n 0x001721c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001721d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001721e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001721f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172203 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172213 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x00172223 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00172223 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00172233 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00172243 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00172243 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00172253 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172263 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172273 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172283 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00172293 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001722a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001722b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9334,16 +9334,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14506547626\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -93591,27 +93591,27 @@\n 0x0027940b 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x0027941b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027942b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027943b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027944b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027945b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027946b 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x0027947b 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x0027948b 31323700 30303030 30303030 33353000 127.00000000350.\n+ 0x0027947b 36363400 30303034 32353600 30303034 664.0004256.0004\n+ 0x0027948b 32353600 30303030 30303030 33353000 256.00000000350.\n 0x0027949b 31343530 36353437 36323600 30313330 14506547626.0130\n- 0x002794ab 35310020 30000000 00000000 00000000 51. 0...........\n+ 0x002794ab 36370020 30000000 00000000 00000000 67. 0...........\n 0x002794bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x002794cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x002794db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x002794eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x002794fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027950b 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x0027951b 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0027951b 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0027952b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027953b 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0027953b 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0027954b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027955b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027956b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027957b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027958b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027959b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x002795ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10373,17 +10373,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-14753100355\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+14547675011\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -127250,28 +127250,28 @@\n 0x001ff9bf 00000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x001ff9cf 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x001ff9df 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ff9ef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ff9ff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffa0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffa1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x001ffa2f 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x001ffa3f 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x001ffa4f 30303031 31353400 31343735 33313030 0001154.14753100\n- 0x001ffa5f 33353500 30313330 34300020 30000000 355.013040. 0...\n+ 0x001ffa2f 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x001ffa3f 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x001ffa4f 30303031 31353400 31343534 37363735 0001154.14547675\n+ 0x001ffa5f 30313100 30313330 36330020 30000000 011.013063. 0...\n 0x001ffa6f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffa7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffa8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffa9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffaaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffabf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffacf 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x001ffadf 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x001ffadf 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x001ffaef 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x001ffaff 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x001ffaff 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x001ffb0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb5f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001ffb6f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1380 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 612428 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 1768 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/bug/grub2-common/script\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1490 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 33147 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 90530 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 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Versi\n+00000510: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n+00000520: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n+00000530: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n+00000540: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n+00000550: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n+00000560: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n+00000570: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ctions...* Menu:\n+00000580: 0a0a 2a20 4765 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 ..* Getting the \n+00000590: 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 653a 3a0a 2a20 source code::.* \n+000005a0: 436f 6469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a2a Coding style::.*\n+000005b0: 2046 696e 6469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 7761 Finding your wa\n+000005c0: 7920 6172 6f75 6e64 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6e y around::.* Con\n+000005d0: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 tributing Change\n+000005e0: 733a 3a0a 2a20 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2045 s::.* Updating E\n+000005f0: 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 3a3a 0a2a xternal Code::.*\n+00000600: 2050 6f72 7469 6e67 3a3a 0a2a 2045 7272 Porting::.* Err\n+00000610: 6f72 2048 616e 646c 696e 673a 3a0a 2a20 or Handling::.* \n+00000620: 5374 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 Stack and heap s\n+00000630: 697a 653a 3a0a 2a20 4249 4f53 2070 6f72 ize::.* BIOS por\n+00000640: 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a t memory map::.*\n+00000650: 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 656d Video Subsystem\n+00000660: 3a3a 0a2a 2050 4646 3220 466f 6e74 2046 ::.* PFF2 Font F\n+00000670: 696c 6520 466f 726d 6174 3a3a 0a2a 2047 ile Format::.* G\n+00000680: 7261 7068 6963 616c 204d 656e 7520 536f raphical Menu So\n+00000690: 6674 7761 7265 2044 6573 6967 6e3a 3a0a ftware Design::.\n+000006a0: 2a20 5665 7269 6669 6572 7320 6672 616d * Verifiers fram\n+000006b0: 6577 6f72 6b3a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 636b 646f ework::.* Lockdo\n+000006c0: 776e 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 3a3a 0a2a wn framework::.*\n+000006d0: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+000006e0: 6e75 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 nual:: C\n+000006f0: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00000700: 616c 0a2a 2049 6e64 6578 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a al.* Index::....\n+00000710: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n+00000720: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 7474 nfo, Node: Gett\n+00000730: 696e 6720 7468 6520 736f 7572 6365 2063 ing the source c\n+00000740: 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6469 ode, Next: Codi\n+00000750: 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a ng style, Prev:\n+00000760: 2054 6f70 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a Top, Up: Top..\n+00000770: 3120 4765 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 736f 1 Getting the so\n+00000780: 7572 6365 2063 6f64 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a urce code.******\n 00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000007a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 206d *****..GRUB is m\n-000007b0: 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e 6720 aintained using \n-000007c0: 7468 6520 3c47 4954 2072 6576 6973 696f the . 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Other rule\n+00001880: 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 s are the same a\n+00001890: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a76 s functions or.v\n+000018a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 ariables, depend\n+000018b0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2077 6865 7468 6572 2061 ing on whether a\n+000018c0: 206d 6163 726f 2069 7320 7573 6564 206c macro is used l\n+000018d0: 696b 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f ike a function o\n+000018e0: 7220 610a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f r a.variable....\n+000018f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n+00001900: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+00001910: 6d65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d75 ments, Next: Mu\n+00001920: 6c74 692d 4c69 6e65 2043 6f6d 6d65 6e74 lti-Line Comment\n+00001930: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d61 6372 6f73 s, Prev: Macros\n+00001940: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f64 696e 6720 7374 , Up: Coding st\n+00001950: 796c 650a 0a32 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d65 6e74 yle..2.6 Comment\n+00001960: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a s.============..\n+00001970: 416c 6c20 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2073 6861 All comments sha\n+00001980: 6c6c 2062 6520 432d 7374 796c 6520 636f ll be C-style co\n+00001990: 6d6d 656e 7473 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 mments, of the f\n+000019a0: 6f72 6d20 272f 2a20 2e2e 2e20 2a2f 272e orm '/* ... */'.\n+000019b0: 2020 410a 636f 6d6d 656e 7420 6361 6e20 A.comment can \n+000019c0: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696d 6d65 6469 be placed immedi\n+000019d0: 6174 656c 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 ately preceding \n+000019e0: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7479 2069 7420 6465 the entity it de\n+000019f0: 7363 7269 6265 7320 6f72 0a69 7420 6361 scribes or.it ca\n+00001a00: 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 746f 6765 n be placed toge\n+00001a10: 7468 6572 2077 6974 6820 636f 6465 2c20 ther with code, \n+00001a20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2064 6563 6c61 7261 variable declara\n+00001a30: 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 720a tions, or other.\n+00001a40: 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d6d 656e 7420 656e 7469 non-comment enti\n+00001a50: 7469 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 ties. 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This cont\n-00002420: 6169 6e73 2063 6f72 650a 6661 6369 6c69 ains core.facili\n-00002430: 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 ties such as the\n-00002440: 2064 6576 6963 652c 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 device, disk, a\n-00002450: 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6672 616d 6577 6f72 nd file framewor\n-00002460: 6b73 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a ks, environment.\n-00002470: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e variable handlin\n-00002480: 672c 206c 6973 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7369 g, list processi\n-00002490: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 ng, and so on. \n-000024a0: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2073 686f 756c The kernel shoul\n-000024b0: 640a 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 656e 6f75 6768 d.contain enough\n-000024c0: 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7570 2074 6f20 6120 to get up to a \n-000024d0: 7265 7363 7565 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 rescue prompt. \n-000024e0: 4865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 Header files for\n-000024f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 kernel.faciliti\n-00002500: 6573 2c20 616d 6f6e 6720 6f74 6865 7273 es, among others\n-00002510: 2c20 6172 6520 696e 2027 696e 636c 7564 , are in 'includ\n-00002520: 652f 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6572 6d69 6e61 e/'... Termina\n-00002530: 6c20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e l implementation\n-00002540: 7320 6172 6520 696e 2027 6772 7562 2d63 s are in 'grub-c\n-00002550: 6f72 652f 7465 726d 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 ore/term/'... \n-00002560: 4469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f 6465 Disk access code\n-00002570: 2069 7320 7370 7265 6164 2061 6372 6f73 is spread acros\n-00002580: 7320 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f64 6973 s 'grub-core/dis\n-00002590: 6b2f 2720 2866 6f72 2061 6363 6573 7369 k/' (for accessi\n-000025a0: 6e67 0a74 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 ng.the disk devi\n-000025b0: 6365 7320 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 292c ces themselves),\n-000025c0: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 7061 7274 'grub-core/part\n-000025d0: 6d61 702f 2720 2866 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 map/' (for inter\n-000025e0: 7072 6574 696e 670a 7061 7274 6974 696f preting.partitio\n-000025f0: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 6461 7461 292c 2061 n table data), a\n-00002600: 6e64 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6673 nd 'grub-core/fs\n-00002610: 2f27 2028 666f 7220 6163 6365 7373 696e /' (for accessin\n-00002620: 6720 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7329 2e0a g filesystems)..\n-00002630: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 742c 2077 6974 6820 Note that, with \n-00002640: 7468 6520 6f64 6420 7370 6563 6961 6c69 the odd speciali\n-00002650: 7365 6420 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e2c 2047 sed exception, G\n-00002660: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e RUB only contain\n-00002670: 7320 636f 6465 0a74 6f20 5f72 6561 645f s code.to _read_\n-00002680: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d from filesystem\n-00002690: 7320 616e 6420 7472 6965 7320 746f 2061 s and tries to a\n-000026a0: 766f 6964 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 void containing \n-000026b0: 616e 7920 636f 6465 2074 6f0a 5f77 7269 any code to._wri\n-000026c0: 7465 5f20 746f 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 te_ to filesyste\n-000026d0: 6d73 3b20 7468 6973 206c 6574 7320 7573 ms; this lets us\n-000026e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6465 6e74 6c79 2061 7373 confidently ass\n-000026f0: 7572 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6174 2047 ure users that G\n-00002700: 5255 420a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 7265 RUB.cannot be re\n-00002710: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 sponsible for fi\n-00002720: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 lesystem corrupt\n-00002730: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2050 4349 2061 6e64 ion... PCI and\n-00002740: 2055 5342 2062 7573 2068 616e 646c 696e USB bus handlin\n-00002750: 6720 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f g is in 'grub-co\n-00002760: 7265 2f62 7573 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 5669 re/bus/'... Vi\n-00002770: 6465 6f20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2063 6f64 deo handling cod\n-00002780: 6520 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f e is in 'grub-co\n-00002790: 7265 2f76 6964 656f 2f27 2e20 2054 6865 re/video/'. The\n-000027a0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a graphical menu.\n-000027b0: 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 system uses this\n-000027c0: 2068 6561 7669 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6973 heavily, but is\n-000027d0: 2069 6e20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 in a separate d\n-000027e0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c0a 2767 7275 622d irectory,.'grub-\n-000027f0: 636f 7265 2f67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f27 2e0a core/gfxmenu/'..\n-00002800: 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 . Most command\n-00002810: 7320 6172 6520 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 s are implemente\n-00002820: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2767 d by files in 'g\n-00002830: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rub-core/command\n-00002840: 732f 272c 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 666f s/', with.the fo\n-00002850: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 6365 7074 696f llowing exceptio\n-00002860: 6e73 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6665 7720 ns:.. * A few \n-00002870: 636f 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6c69 core commands li\n-00002880: 7665 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 ve in 'grub-core\n-00002890: 2f6b 6572 6e2f 636f 7265 636d 642e 6327 /kern/corecmd.c'\n-000028a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 ... * Commands\n-000028b0: 2072 656c 6174 6564 2074 6f20 6e6f 726d related to norm\n-000028c0: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 al mode live und\n-000028d0: 6572 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6e6f er 'grub-core/no\n-000028e0: 726d 616c 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 436f rmal/'... * Co\n-000028f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6c6f 6164 mmands that load\n-00002900: 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c and boot kernel\n-00002910: 7320 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 s live under 'gr\n-00002920: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6c6f 6164 6572 2f27 ub-core/loader/'\n-00002930: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 276c 6f6f ... * The 'loo\n-00002940: 7062 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 pback' command i\n-00002950: 7320 7265 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b20 s really a disk \n-00002960: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206c device, and so l\n-00002970: 6976 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 ives in. 'gr\n-00002980: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6469 736b 2f6c 6f6f ub-core/disk/loo\n-00002990: 7062 6163 6b2e 6327 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 pback.c'... * \n-000029a0: 5468 6520 2767 6574 7465 7874 2720 636f The 'gettext' co\n-000029b0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 7665 7320 756e 6465 mmand lives unde\n-000029c0: 7220 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f67 6574 r 'grub-core/get\n-000029d0: 7465 7874 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 text/'... * Th\n-000029e0: 6520 276c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7427 2061 6e64 e 'loadfont' and\n-000029f0: 2027 6c73 666f 6e74 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 'lsfonts' comma\n-00002a00: 6e64 7320 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 nds live under '\n-00002a10: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 666f 6e74 2f27 grub-core/font/'\n-00002a20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 2773 6572 ... * The 'ser\n-00002a30: 6961 6c27 2c20 2774 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 ial', 'terminfo'\n-00002a40: 2c20 616e 6420 2762 6163 6b67 726f 756e , and 'backgroun\n-00002a50: 645f 696d 6167 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d_image' command\n-00002a60: 7320 6c69 7665 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 s live. unde\n-00002a70: 7220 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f74 6572 r 'grub-core/ter\n-00002a80: 6d2f 272e 0a0a 2020 202a 2054 6865 2027 m/'... * The '\n-00002a90: 6566 6965 6d75 5f2a 2720 636f 6d6d 616e efiemu_*' comman\n-00002aa0: 6473 206c 6976 6520 756e 6465 7220 2767 ds live under 'g\n-00002ab0: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f65 6669 656d 752f rub-core/efiemu/\n-00002ac0: 272e 0a0a 2020 202a 204f 532d 6465 7065 '... * OS-depe\n-00002ad0: 6e64 656e 7420 636f 6465 2073 686f 756c ndent code shoul\n-00002ae0: 6420 6265 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 d be under 'grub\n-00002af0: 2d63 6f72 652f 6f73 6465 702f 270a 0a20 -core/osdep/'.. \n-00002b00: 2020 2a20 5574 696c 6974 7920 7072 6f67 * Utility prog\n-00002b10: 7261 6d73 206d 6561 6e74 2074 6f20 6265 rams meant to be\n-00002b20: 2072 756e 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6675 6c6c run from a full\n-00002b30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00002b40: 6d0a 2020 2020 2028 6578 6365 7074 204f m. (except O\n-00002b50: 532d 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 636f 6465 S-dependent code\n-00002b60: 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2070 7265 7669 mentioned previ\n-00002b70: 6f75 736c 7929 2061 7265 2069 6e20 2775 ously) are in 'u\n-00002b80: 7469 6c2f 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7265 til/'... There\n-00002b90: 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 206f 7468 6572 are a few other\n-00002ba0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2d70 7572 706f 7365 special-purpose\n-00002bb0: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 733b 2067 7265 exceptions; gre\n-00002bc0: 7020 666f 7220 7468 656d 2069 660a 7468 p for them if.th\n-00002bd0: 6579 206d 6174 7465 7220 746f 2079 6f75 ey matter to you\n-00002be0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-00002bf0: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00002c00: 2043 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 Contributing Ch\n-00002c10: 616e 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5570 anges, Next: Up\n-00002c20: 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 dating External \n-00002c30: 436f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696e Code, Prev: Fin\n-00002c40: 6469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 7761 7920 6172 ding your way ar\n-00002c50: 6f75 6e64 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ound, Up: Top..\n-00002c60: 3420 436f 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2063 4 Contributing c\n-00002c70: 6861 6e67 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a hanges.*********\n-00002c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a43 *************..C\n-00002c90: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 6368 616e ontributing chan\n-00002ca0: 6765 7320 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 ges to GRUB 2 is\n-00002cb0: 2077 656c 636f 6d65 6420 6163 7469 7669 welcomed activi\n-00002cc0: 7479 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2077 6520 ty. However we \n-00002cd0: 6861 7665 2061 0a62 6974 206f 6620 636f have a.bit of co\n-00002ce0: 6e74 726f 6c20 7768 6174 206b 696e 6420 ntrol what kind \n-00002cf0: 6f66 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 696c 6c20 of changes will \n-00002d00: 6265 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 746f 2047 be accepted to G\n-00002d10: 5255 4220 322e 0a54 6865 7265 666f 7265 RUB 2..Therefore\n-00002d20: 2069 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 it is important\n-00002d30: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 796f 7572 to discuss your\n-00002d40: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 6772 7562 changes on grub\n-00002d50: 2d64 6576 656c 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 0a6c -devel mailing.l\n-00002d60: 6973 7420 2873 6565 204d 6169 6c69 6e67 ist (see Mailing\n-00002d70: 4c69 7374 7329 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6973 Lists). On this\n-00002d80: 2070 6167 6520 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 page there are \n-00002d90: 736f 6d65 2062 6173 6963 2064 6574 6169 some basic detai\n-00002da0: 6c73 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f ls on.the develo\n-00002db0: 706d 656e 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7320 616e pment process an\n-00002dc0: 6420 6163 7469 7669 7469 6573 2e0a 0a20 d activities... \n-00002dd0: 2020 4669 7273 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2079 First of all y\n-00002de0: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 6d65 2075 ou should come u\n-00002df0: 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6465 6120 p with the idea \n-00002e00: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6861 7420 796f yourself what yo\n-00002e10: 7520 7761 6e74 0a74 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 u want.to contri\n-00002e20: 6275 7465 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f bute. If you do\n-00002e30: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6174 2062 not have that b\n-00002e40: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 796f 7520 6172 eforehand you ar\n-00002e50: 6520 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 0a73 7475 e advised to.stu\n-00002e60: 6479 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2061 dy this manual a\n-00002e70: 6e64 2074 7279 2047 5255 4220 3220 6f75 nd try GRUB 2 ou\n-00002e80: 7420 746f 2073 6565 2077 6861 7420 796f t to see what yo\n-00002e90: 7520 7468 696e 6b20 6973 206d 6973 7369 u think is missi\n-00002ea0: 6e67 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6572 652e 0a0a ng.from there...\n-00002eb0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6172 6520 6164 6469 Here are addi\n-00002ec0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 733a tional pointers:\n-00002ed0: 0a20 2020 2a20 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f73 . * . * .. If\n-00002f60: 2079 6f75 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 746f you intended to\n-00002f70: 206d 616b 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f make changes to\n-00002f80: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2028 3c3d GRUB Legacy (<=\n-00002f90: 302e 3937 2920 7468 6f73 6520 6172 6520 0.97) those are \n-00002fa0: 6e6f 740a 6163 6365 7074 6564 2061 6e79 not.accepted any\n-00002fb0: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a more...* Menu:..\n-00002fc0: 2a20 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 * Getting starte\n-00002fd0: 643a 3a0a 2a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 d::.* Typical De\n-00002fe0: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e veloper Experien\n-00002ff0: 6365 3a3a 0a2a 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 ce::.* When you \n-00003000: 6172 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 are approved for\n-00003010: 2077 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f write access to\n-00003020: 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 project's files\n-00003030: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00003040: 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 -dev.info, Node\n-00003050: 3a20 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 : Getting starte\n-00003060: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5479 7069 6361 d, Next: Typica\n-00003070: 6c20 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 l Developer Expe\n-00003080: 7269 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e rience, Up: Con\n-00003090: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 tributing Change\n-000030a0: 730a 0a34 2e31 2047 6574 7469 6e67 2073 s..4.1 Getting s\n-000030b0: 7461 7274 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tarted.=========\n-000030c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a ==========.. *\n-000030d0: 2041 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6520 6c61 7465 Always use late\n-000030e0: 7374 2047 5255 4220 3220 736f 7572 6365 st GRUB 2 source\n-000030f0: 2063 6f64 652e 2020 536f 2067 6574 2074 code. So get t\n-00003100: 6861 7420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 hat first... \n-00003110: 2046 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 7320 For developers \n-00003120: 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 it is recommende\n-00003130: 6420 616c 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7573 6520 d always to use \n-00003140: 7468 6520 6e65 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the newest. \n-00003150: 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 7273 development vers\n-00003160: 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 ion of GRUB 2. \n-00003170: 4966 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 If development t\n-00003180: 616b 6573 2061 206c 6f6e 6720 7065 7269 akes a long peri\n-00003190: 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 696d 652c od. of time,\n-000031a0: 2070 6c65 6173 6520 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 please remember\n-000031b0: 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2069 6e20 7379 6e63 to keep in sync\n-000031c0: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 7765 7374 2064 6576 with newest dev\n-000031d0: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2072 elopments. r\n-000031e0: 6567 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6f20 6974 2069 egularly so it i\n-000031f0: 7320 6d75 6368 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f s much easier to\n-00003200: 2069 6e74 6567 7261 7465 2079 6f75 7220 integrate your \n-00003210: 6368 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 change in the. \n-00003220: 2020 2066 7574 7572 652e 2020 4752 5542 future. GRUB\n-00003230: 2032 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 6465 7665 2 is being deve\n-00003240: 6c6f 7065 6420 696e 2061 2047 4954 2072 loped in a GIT r\n-00003250: 6570 6f73 6974 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 epository... \n-00003260: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6368 6563 6b20 5361 Please check Sa\n-00003270: 7661 6e6e 6168 2773 2047 5255 4220 7072 vannah's GRUB pr\n-00003280: 6f6a 6563 7420 7061 6765 2066 6f72 2064 oject page for d\n-00003290: 6574 6169 6c73 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6765 etails how to ge\n-000032a0: 740a 2020 2020 206e 6577 6573 7420 6769 t. newest gi\n-000032b0: 743a 2047 5255 4220 3220 6769 7420 5265 t: GRUB 2 git Re\n-000032c0: 706f 7369 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2868 pository. (h\n-000032d0: 7474 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e ttps://savannah.\n-000032e0: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6769 742f 3f67 726f gnu.org/git/?gro\n-000032f0: 7570 3d67 7275 6229 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 up=grub).. * C\n-00003300: 6f6d 7069 6c65 2069 7420 616e 6420 7472 ompile it and tr\n-00003310: 7920 6974 206f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 y it out... \n-00003320: 4974 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2067 6f6f It is always goo\n-00003330: 6420 6964 6561 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 d idea to first \n-00003340: 7365 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 6e67 7320 see that things \n-00003350: 776f 726b 2073 6f6d 6568 6f77 2061 6e64 work somehow and\n-00003360: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 . after that\n-00003370: 2074 6f20 7374 6172 7420 746f 2069 6d70 to start to imp\n-00003380: 6c65 6d65 6e74 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 lement new featu\n-00003390: 7265 7320 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 2066 res or develop f\n-000033a0: 6978 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 7567 ixes to. bug\n-000033b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2053 7475 6479 2074 s... * Study t\n-000033c0: 6865 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 he code... T\n-000033d0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6574 696d here are sometim\n-000033e0: 6573 206f 6464 2077 6179 7320 746f 2064 es odd ways to d\n-000033f0: 6f20 7468 696e 6773 2069 6e20 4752 5542 o things in GRUB\n-00003400: 2032 2063 6f64 6520 6261 7365 2e0a 2020 2 code base.. \n-00003410: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c This is mainl\n-00003420: 7920 7265 6c61 7465 6420 746f 206c 696d y related to lim\n-00003430: 6974 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ited environment\n-00003440: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 where GRUB 2 is\n-00003450: 2062 6569 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 being. exec\n-00003460: 7574 6564 2e20 2059 6f75 2075 7375 616c uted. You usual\n-00003470: 6c79 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 ly do not need t\n-00003480: 6f20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2069 7420 o understand it \n-00003490: 616c 6c20 736f 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 all so it is. \n-000034a0: 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 6f6e 6c79 better to only\n-000034b0: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 try to look at \n-000034c0: 706c 6163 6573 2074 6861 7420 7265 6c61 places that rela\n-000034d0: 7465 7320 746f 2079 6f75 7220 776f 726b tes to your work\n-000034e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 646f .. Please do\n-000034f0: 206e 6f74 2068 6573 6974 6174 6520 746f not hesitate to\n-00003500: 2061 736b 2066 6f72 2068 656c 7020 6966 ask for help if\n-00003510: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7468 there is someth\n-00003520: 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 796f ing that. yo\n-00003530: 7520 646f 206e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 u do not underst\n-00003540: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6576 656c and... * Devel\n-00003550: 6f70 2061 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 op a new feature\n-00003560: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7720 7468 6174 ... Now that\n-00003570: 2079 6f75 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2074 you know what t\n-00003580: 6f20 646f 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2069 7420 o do and how it \n-00003590: 7368 6f75 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2047 should work in G\n-000035a0: 5255 4220 3220 636f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 RUB 2 code. \n-000035b0: 6261 7365 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2062 6520 base, please be \n-000035c0: 6672 6565 2074 6f20 6465 7665 6c6f 7020 free to develop \n-000035d0: 6974 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 it. If you have\n-000035e0: 206e 6f74 2073 6f20 6661 720a 2020 2020 not so far. \n-000035f0: 2061 6e6e 6f75 6e63 6564 2079 6f75 7220 announced your \n-00003600: 6964 6561 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 idea on grub-dev\n-00003610: 656c 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742c el mailing list,\n-00003620: 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2069 7420 6e6f please do it no\n-00003630: 772e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 w.. This is \n-00003640: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2079 6f75 to make sure you\n-00003650: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2077 6173 7469 6e67 are not wasting\n-00003660: 2079 6f75 7220 7469 6d65 2077 6f72 6b69 your time worki\n-00003670: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 ng on the. s\n-00003680: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2077 696c olution that wil\n-00003690: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2069 6e74 6567 7261 l not be integra\n-000036a0: 7465 6420 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 636f ted to GRUB 2 co\n-000036b0: 6465 2062 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 de base... Y\n-000036c0: 6f75 206d 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f ou might want to\n-000036d0: 2073 7475 6479 206f 7572 2063 6f64 696e study our codin\n-000036e0: 6720 7374 796c 6520 6265 666f 7265 2073 g style before s\n-000036f0: 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6576 tarting. dev\n-00003700: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2073 6f20 796f 7520 elopment so you \n-00003710: 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 do not need to c\n-00003720: 6861 6e67 6520 6d75 6368 206f 6620 7468 hange much of th\n-00003730: 6520 636f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7572 e code when your\n-00003740: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2062 . patch is b\n-00003750: 6569 6e67 2072 6576 6965 7765 642e 2020 eing reviewed. \n-00003760: 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f64 696e (see *note Codin\n-00003770: 6720 7374 796c 653a 3a29 0a0a 2020 2020 g style::).. \n-00003780: 2046 6f72 2065 7665 7279 2061 6363 6570 For every accep\n-00003790: 7465 6420 7061 7463 6820 7468 6572 6520 ted patch there \n-000037a0: 6861 7320 746f 2065 7869 7374 2061 2043 has to exist a C\n-000037b0: 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 hangeLog entry. \n-000037c0: 204f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 Our. Change\n-000037d0: 4c6f 6720 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 2063 Log consist of c\n-000037e0: 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 736f hanges within so\n-000037f0: 7572 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6172 urce code and ar\n-00003800: 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6573 6372 e not. descr\n-00003810: 6962 696e 6720 6162 6f75 7420 7768 6174 ibing about what\n-00003820: 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6c6f 6769 the change logi\n-00003830: 6361 6c6c 7920 646f 6573 2e20 2050 6c65 cally does. Ple\n-00003840: 6173 6520 7365 650a 2020 2020 2065 7861 ase see. exa\n-00003850: 6d70 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 mples from previ\n-00003860: 6f75 7320 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 ous entries... \n-00003870: 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 Also remember\n-00003880: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 that GRUB 2 is \n-00003890: 6c69 6365 6e73 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2047 licensed under G\n-000038a0: 504c 7633 206c 6963 656e 7365 2061 6e64 PLv3 license and\n-000038b0: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2075 7375 616c that. usual\n-000038c0: 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 796f ly means that yo\n-000038d0: 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 u are not allowe\n-000038e0: 6420 746f 2063 6f70 7920 7069 6563 6573 d to copy pieces\n-000038f0: 206f 6620 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 of code from. \n-00003900: 2020 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f 6a65 6374 other project\n-00003910: 732e 2020 4576 656e 2069 6620 7468 6520 s. Even if the \n-00003920: 736f 7572 6365 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 source project's\n-00003930: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 license would b\n-00003940: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c e. compatibl\n-00003950: 6520 7769 7468 2047 504c 7633 2c20 706c e with GPLv3, pl\n-00003960: 6561 7365 2064 6973 6375 7373 2069 7420 ease discuss it \n-00003970: 6265 666f 7265 6861 6e64 206f 6e20 6772 beforehand on gr\n-00003980: 7562 2d64 6576 656c 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ub-devel. ma\n-00003990: 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 iling list... \n-000039a0: 2a20 5465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e * Test your chan\n-000039b0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2074 ge... Test t\n-000039c0: 6861 7420 796f 7572 2063 6861 6e67 6520 hat your change \n-000039d0: 776f 726b 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 works properly. \n-000039e0: 2054 7279 2069 7420 6f75 7420 6120 636f Try it out a co\n-000039f0: 7570 6c65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 696d uple of. tim\n-00003a00: 6573 2c20 7072 6566 6572 6162 6c79 206f es, preferably o\n-00003a10: 6e20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7379 7374 n different syst\n-00003a20: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2074 7279 2074 6f20 ems, and try to \n-00003a30: 6669 6e64 2070 726f 626c 656d 730a 2020 find problems. \n-00003a40: 2020 2077 6974 6820 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 with it... \n-00003a50: 2a20 5075 626c 6973 6820 796f 7572 2063 * Publish your c\n-00003a60: 6861 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 hange... Whe\n-00003a70: 6e20 796f 7520 6172 6520 6861 7070 7920 n you are happy \n-00003a80: 7769 7468 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 with your change\n-00003a90: 2c20 6669 7273 7420 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 , first make sur\n-00003aa0: 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d e it is. com\n-00003ab0: 7069 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 206c 6174 pilable with lat\n-00003ac0: 6573 7420 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 est development \n-00003ad0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 version of GRUB \n-00003ae0: 322e 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6174 0a20 2. After that. \n-00003af0: 2020 2020 706c 6561 7365 2073 656e 6420 please send \n-00003b00: 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f 2067 7275 622d a patch to grub-\n-00003b10: 6465 7665 6c20 666f 7220 7265 7669 6577 devel for review\n-00003b20: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6465 7363 7269 . Please descri\n-00003b30: 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 be in. your \n-00003b40: 656d 6169 6c20 7768 7920 796f 7520 6d61 email why you ma\n-00003b50: 6465 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 652c 2077 de the change, w\n-00003b60: 6861 7420 6974 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2061 hat it changes a\n-00003b70: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 nd so on.. P\n-00003b80: 6c65 6173 6520 6265 2070 7265 7061 7265 lease be prepare\n-00003b90: 6420 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 2065 7665 d to receive eve\n-00003ba0: 6e20 6469 7363 6f75 7261 6769 6e67 2063 n discouraging c\n-00003bb0: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f75 7420 796f omments about yo\n-00003bc0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 682e 2020 ur. patch. \n-00003bd0: 5468 6572 6520 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 There is usually\n-00003be0: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 736f 6d65 7468 at least someth\n-00003bf0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 206e 6565 6473 2074 ing that needs t\n-00003c00: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696d 7072 6f76 o be. improv\n-00003c10: 6564 2069 6e20 6576 6572 7920 7061 7463 ed in every patc\n-00003c20: 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 h... Please \n-00003c30: 7573 6520 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 use unified diff\n-00003c40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2079 6f75 7220 7061 to make your pa\n-00003c50: 7463 6820 2867 6f6f 6420 6d61 7463 6820 tch (good match \n-00003c60: 6f66 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 of arguments. \n-00003c70: 2020 666f 7220 6469 6666 2069 7320 272d for diff is '-\n-00003c80: 7072 754e 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5265 pruN')... * Re\n-00003c90: 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 spond to receive\n-00003ca0: 6420 6665 6564 6261 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 d feedback... \n-00003cb0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2061 736b If you are ask\n-00003cc0: 6564 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2079 6f75 ed to modify you\n-00003cd0: 7220 7061 7463 682c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 r patch, please \n-00003ce0: 646f 2074 6861 7420 616e 6420 7265 7375 do that and resu\n-00003cf0: 626d 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6f72 bmit. it for\n-00003d00: 2072 6576 6965 772e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 review. If you\n-00003d10: 7220 6368 616e 6765 2069 7320 6c61 7267 r change is larg\n-00003d20: 6520 796f 7520 6172 6520 7265 7175 6972 e you are requir\n-00003d30: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 626d 6974 0a20 2020 ed to submit. \n-00003d40: 2020 6120 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6167 a copyright ag\n-00003d50: 7265 656d 656e 7420 746f 2046 5346 2e20 reement to FSF. \n-00003d60: 506c 6561 7365 206b 6565 7020 696e 206d Please keep in m\n-00003d70: 696e 6420 7468 6174 2069 6620 796f 7520 ind that if you \n-00003d80: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 736b 6564 2074 are. asked t\n-00003d90: 6f20 7375 626d 6974 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 o submit for cop\n-00003da0: 7972 6967 6874 2061 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 yright agreement\n-00003db0: 2c20 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6361 6e20 7461 , process can ta\n-00003dc0: 6b65 2073 6f6d 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 ke some time. \n-00003dd0: 2020 616e 6420 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f and is mandato\n-00003de0: 7279 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2067 ry in order to g\n-00003df0: 6574 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 7320 et your changes \n-00003e00: 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 integrated... \n-00003e10: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 If you are not\n-00003e20: 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c 2074 on grub-devel t\n-00003e30: 6f20 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2071 7565 o respond to que\n-00003e40: 7374 696f 6e73 2c20 6d6f 7374 206c 696b stions, most lik\n-00003e50: 656c 790a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 7061 ely. your pa\n-00003e60: 7463 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 tch will not be \n-00003e70: 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e20 2041 6c73 6f20 accepted. Also \n-00003e80: 6966 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 6973 if problems aris\n-00003e90: 6520 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 e from your. \n-00003ea0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206c 6174 6572 206f changes later o\n-00003eb0: 6e2c 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2070 n, it would be p\n-00003ec0: 7265 6665 7261 626c 6520 7468 6174 2079 referable that y\n-00003ed0: 6f75 2061 6c73 6f20 6669 7820 7468 650a ou also fix the.\n-00003ee0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2053 problem. S\n-00003ef0: 6f20 7374 6179 2061 726f 756e 6420 666f o stay around fo\n-00003f00: 7220 6120 7768 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 202a r a while... *\n-00003f10: 2059 6f75 7220 7061 7463 6820 6973 2061 Your patch is a\n-00003f20: 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 ccepted... G\n-00003f30: 6f6f 6420 6a6f 6221 2020 596f 7572 2070 ood job! 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The top-leve\n+00002030: 6c20 6275 696c 6420 7275 6c65 7320 6172 l build rules ar\n+00002040: 6520 696e 0a27 636f 6e66 6967 7572 652e e in.'configure.\n+00002050: 6163 272c 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f ac', 'grub-core/\n+00002060: 4d61 6b65 6669 6c65 2e63 6f72 652e 6465 Makefile.core.de\n+00002070: 6627 2c20 616e 6420 274d 616b 6566 696c f', and 'Makefil\n+00002080: 652e 7574 696c 2e64 6566 272e 0a45 6163 e.util.def'..Eac\n+00002090: 6820 626c 6f63 6b20 696e 2061 2027 2a2e h block in a '*.\n+000020a0: 6465 6627 2066 696c 6520 7265 7072 6573 def' file repres\n+000020b0: 656e 7473 2061 2062 7569 6c64 2074 6172 ents a build tar\n+000020c0: 6765 742c 2061 6e64 2073 7065 6369 6669 get, and specifi\n+000020d0: 6573 0a74 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6669 es.the source fi\n+000020e0: 6c65 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6275 696c les used to buil\n+000020f0: 6420 6974 206f 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 d it on various \n+00002100: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5468 6520 platforms. The \n+00002110: 272a 2e64 6566 270a 6669 6c65 7320 6172 '*.def'.files ar\n+00002120: 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7365 6420 696e 746f e processed into\n+00002130: 2041 7574 6f6d 616b 6520 696e 7075 7420 Automake input \n+00002140: 6279 2027 6765 6e74 706c 2e70 7927 2028 by 'gentpl.py' (\n+00002150: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e which you only.n\n+00002160: 6565 6420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2069 eed to look at i\n+00002170: 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6578 7465 6e64 f you are extend\n+00002180: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6275 696c 6420 7379 ing the build sy\n+00002190: 7374 656d 292e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 stem). If you a\n+000021a0: 7265 0a61 6464 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7720 re.adding a new \n+000021b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2066 6f6c module which fol\n+000021c0: 6c6f 7773 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 lows an existing\n+000021d0: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2c20 7375 6368 2061 pattern, such a\n+000021e0: 7320 6120 6e65 770a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 s a new.command \n+000021f0: 6f72 2061 206e 6577 2066 696c 6573 7973 or a new filesys\n+00002200: 7465 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 tem implementati\n+00002210: 6f6e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c on, it is usuall\n+00002220: 7920 6561 7369 6573 7420 746f 0a67 7265 y easiest to.gre\n+00002230: 7020 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f4d 616b p 'grub-core/Mak\n+00002240: 6566 696c 652e 636f 7265 2e64 6566 2720 efile.core.def' \n+00002250: 616e 6420 274d 616b 6566 696c 652e 7574 and 'Makefile.ut\n+00002260: 696c 2e64 6566 2720 666f 7220 616e 0a65 il.def' for an.e\n+00002270: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 xisting example \n+00002280: 6f66 2074 6861 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e20 of that pattern \n+00002290: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6572 to find out wher\n+000022a0: 6520 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 e it should be a\n+000022b0: 6464 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2067 656e dded... In gen\n+000022c0: 6572 616c 2c20 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 eral, code that \n+000022d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2061 7420 626f may be run at bo\n+000022e0: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 6973 2069 6e20 6120 ot time is in a \n+000022f0: 7375 6264 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 660a subdirectory of.\n+00002300: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 272c 2077 6869 'grub-core', whi\n+00002310: 6c65 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 le code that is \n+00002320: 6f6e 6c79 2072 756e 2066 726f 6d20 7769 only run from wi\n+00002330: 7468 696e 2061 2066 756c 6c20 6f70 6572 thin a full oper\n+00002340: 6174 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 ating.system is \n+00002350: 696e 2061 2073 7562 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in a subdirector\n+00002360: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 y of the top lev\n+00002370: 656c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 772d 6c65 7665 el... Low-leve\n+00002380: 6c20 626f 6f74 2063 6f64 652c 2073 7563 l boot code, suc\n+00002390: 6820 6173 2074 6865 204d 4252 2069 6d70 h as the MBR imp\n+000023a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2050 lementation on P\n+000023b0: 4320 4249 4f53 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 C BIOS.systems, \n+000023c0: 6973 2069 6e20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d is in the 'grub-\n+000023d0: 636f 7265 2f62 6f6f 742f 2720 6469 7265 core/boot/' dire\n+000023e0: 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 ctory... The G\n+000023f0: 5255 4220 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 696e RUB kernel is in\n+00002400: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6b65 726e 'grub-core/kern\n+00002410: 2f27 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6e74 6169 /'. This contai\n+00002420: 6e73 2063 6f72 650a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 ns core.faciliti\n+00002430: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2064 es such as the d\n+00002440: 6576 6963 652c 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 evice, disk, and\n+00002450: 2066 696c 6520 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 file frameworks\n+00002460: 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 7661 , environment.va\n+00002470: 7269 6162 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c riable handling,\n+00002480: 206c 6973 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 list processing\n+00002490: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 , and so on. Th\n+000024a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2073 686f 756c 640a e kernel should.\n+000024b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 656e 6f75 6768 2074 contain enough t\n+000024c0: 6f20 6765 7420 7570 2074 6f20 6120 7265 o get up to a re\n+000024d0: 7363 7565 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 4865 scue prompt. He\n+000024e0: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206b ader files for k\n+000024f0: 6572 6e65 6c0a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 ernel.facilities\n+00002500: 2c20 616d 6f6e 6720 6f74 6865 7273 2c20 , among others, \n+00002510: 6172 6520 696e 2027 696e 636c 7564 652f are in 'include/\n+00002520: 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 '... Terminal \n+00002530: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 implementations \n+00002540: 6172 6520 696e 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 are in 'grub-cor\n+00002550: 652f 7465 726d 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 e/term/'... Di\n+00002560: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f 6465 2069 sk access code i\n+00002570: 7320 7370 7265 6164 2061 6372 6f73 7320 s spread across \n+00002580: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f64 6973 6b2f 'grub-core/disk/\n+00002590: 2720 2866 6f72 2061 6363 6573 7369 6e67 ' (for accessing\n+000025a0: 0a74 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 .the disk device\n+000025b0: 7320 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 292c 2027 s themselves), '\n+000025c0: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 7061 7274 6d61 grub-core/partma\n+000025d0: 702f 2720 2866 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 7072 p/' (for interpr\n+000025e0: 6574 696e 670a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 eting.partition \n+000025f0: 7461 626c 6520 6461 7461 292c 2061 6e64 table data), and\n+00002600: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6673 2f27 'grub-core/fs/'\n+00002610: 2028 666f 7220 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 (for accessing \n+00002620: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7329 2e0a 4e6f filesystems)..No\n+00002630: 7465 2074 6861 742c 2077 6974 6820 7468 te that, with th\n+00002640: 6520 6f64 6420 7370 6563 6961 6c69 7365 e odd specialise\n+00002650: 6420 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 d exception, GRU\n+00002660: 4220 6f6e 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 B only contains \n+00002670: 636f 6465 0a74 6f20 5f72 6561 645f 2066 code.to _read_ f\n+00002680: 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 rom filesystems \n+00002690: 616e 6420 7472 6965 7320 746f 2061 766f and tries to avo\n+000026a0: 6964 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e id containing an\n+000026b0: 7920 636f 6465 2074 6f0a 5f77 7269 7465 y code to._write\n+000026c0: 5f20 746f 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 _ to filesystems\n+000026d0: 3b20 7468 6973 206c 6574 7320 7573 2063 ; this lets us c\n+000026e0: 6f6e 6669 6465 6e74 6c79 2061 7373 7572 onfidently assur\n+000026f0: 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 e users that GRU\n+00002700: 420a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 7265 7370 B.cannot be resp\n+00002710: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 onsible for file\n+00002720: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f system corruptio\n+00002730: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2050 4349 2061 6e64 2055 n... PCI and U\n+00002740: 5342 2062 7573 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 SB bus handling \n+00002750: 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 is in 'grub-core\n+00002760: 2f62 7573 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 5669 6465 /bus/'... Vide\n+00002770: 6f20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2063 6f64 6520 o handling code \n+00002780: 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 is in 'grub-core\n+00002790: 2f76 6964 656f 2f27 2e20 2054 6865 2067 /video/'. The g\n+000027a0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7379 raphical menu.sy\n+000027b0: 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2068 stem uses this h\n+000027c0: 6561 7669 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6973 2069 eavily, but is i\n+000027d0: 6e20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 6972 n a separate dir\n+000027e0: 6563 746f 7279 2c0a 2767 7275 622d 636f ectory,.'grub-co\n+000027f0: 7265 2f67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f27 2e0a 0a20 re/gfxmenu/'... \n+00002800: 2020 4d6f 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 Most commands \n+00002810: 6172 6520 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 are implemented \n+00002820: 6279 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2767 7275 by files in 'gru\n+00002830: 622d 636f 7265 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732f b-core/commands/\n+00002840: 272c 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ', with.the foll\n+00002850: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e73 owing exceptions\n+00002860: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6665 7720 636f :.. * A few co\n+00002870: 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6c69 7665 re commands live\n+00002880: 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b in 'grub-core/k\n+00002890: 6572 6e2f 636f 7265 636d 642e 6327 2e0a ern/corecmd.c'..\n+000028a0: 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2072 . * Commands r\n+000028b0: 656c 6174 6564 2074 6f20 6e6f 726d 616c elated to normal\n+000028c0: 206d 6f64 6520 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 mode live under\n+000028d0: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6e6f 726d 'grub-core/norm\n+000028e0: 616c 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d al/'... * Comm\n+000028f0: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6c6f 6164 2061 ands that load a\n+00002900: 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 nd boot kernels \n+00002910: 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 live under 'grub\n+00002920: 2d63 6f72 652f 6c6f 6164 6572 2f27 2e0a -core/loader/'..\n+00002930: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 276c 6f6f 7062 . * The 'loopb\n+00002940: 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 ack' command is \n+00002950: 7265 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b20 6465 really a disk de\n+00002960: 7669 6365 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206c 6976 vice, and so liv\n+00002970: 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 es in. 'grub\n+00002980: 2d63 6f72 652f 6469 736b 2f6c 6f6f 7062 -core/disk/loopb\n+00002990: 6163 6b2e 6327 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 ack.c'... * Th\n+000029a0: 6520 2767 6574 7465 7874 2720 636f 6d6d e 'gettext' comm\n+000029b0: 616e 6420 6c69 7665 7320 756e 6465 7220 and lives under \n+000029c0: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f67 6574 7465 'grub-core/gette\n+000029d0: 7874 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 xt/'... * The \n+000029e0: 276c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7427 2061 6e64 2027 'loadfont' and '\n+000029f0: 6c73 666f 6e74 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lsfonts' command\n+00002a00: 7320 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 s live under 'gr\n+00002a10: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 666f 6e74 2f27 2e0a ub-core/font/'..\n+00002a20: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 2773 6572 6961 . * The 'seria\n+00002a30: 6c27 2c20 2774 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 2c20 l', 'terminfo', \n+00002a40: 616e 6420 2762 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and 'background_\n+00002a50: 696d 6167 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 image' commands \n+00002a60: 6c69 7665 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 live. under \n+00002a70: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f74 6572 6d2f 'grub-core/term/\n+00002a80: 272e 0a0a 2020 202a 2054 6865 2027 6566 '... * The 'ef\n+00002a90: 6965 6d75 5f2a 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 iemu_*' commands\n+00002aa0: 206c 6976 6520 756e 6465 7220 2767 7275 live under 'gru\n+00002ab0: 622d 636f 7265 2f65 6669 656d 752f 272e b-core/efiemu/'.\n+00002ac0: 0a0a 2020 202a 204f 532d 6465 7065 6e64 .. * OS-depend\n+00002ad0: 656e 7420 636f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 ent code should \n+00002ae0: 6265 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 2d63 be under 'grub-c\n+00002af0: 6f72 652f 6f73 6465 702f 270a 0a20 2020 ore/osdep/'.. \n+00002b00: 2a20 5574 696c 6974 7920 7072 6f67 7261 * Utility progra\n+00002b10: 6d73 206d 6561 6e74 2074 6f20 6265 2072 ms meant to be r\n+00002b20: 756e 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6675 6c6c 206f un from a full o\n+00002b30: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+00002b40: 2020 2020 2028 6578 6365 7074 204f 532d (except OS-\n+00002b50: 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 636f 6465 206d dependent code m\n+00002b60: 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2070 7265 7669 6f75 entioned previou\n+00002b70: 736c 7929 2061 7265 2069 6e20 2775 7469 sly) are in 'uti\n+00002b80: 6c2f 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 l/'... There a\n+00002b90: 7265 2061 2066 6577 206f 7468 6572 2073 re a few other s\n+00002ba0: 7065 6369 616c 2d70 7572 706f 7365 2065 pecial-purpose e\n+00002bb0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 733b 2067 7265 7020 xceptions; grep \n+00002bc0: 666f 7220 7468 656d 2069 660a 7468 6579 for them if.they\n+00002bd0: 206d 6174 7465 7220 746f 2079 6f75 2e0a matter to you..\n+00002be0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+00002bf0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 v.info, Node: C\n+00002c00: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e ontributing Chan\n+00002c10: 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5570 6461 ges, Next: Upda\n+00002c20: 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f ting External Co\n+00002c30: 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696e 6469 de, Prev: Findi\n+00002c40: 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 7761 7920 6172 6f75 ng your way arou\n+00002c50: 6e64 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3420 nd, Up: Top..4 \n+00002c60: 436f 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2063 6861 Contributing cha\n+00002c70: 6e67 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nges.***********\n+00002c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a43 6f6e ***********..Con\n+00002c90: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 6368 616e 6765 tributing change\n+00002ca0: 7320 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2077 s to GRUB 2 is w\n+00002cb0: 656c 636f 6d65 6420 6163 7469 7669 7479 elcomed activity\n+00002cc0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2077 6520 6861 . However we ha\n+00002cd0: 7665 2061 0a62 6974 206f 6620 636f 6e74 ve a.bit of cont\n+00002ce0: 726f 6c20 7768 6174 206b 696e 6420 6f66 rol what kind of\n+00002cf0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 changes will be\n+00002d00: 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 746f 2047 5255 accepted to GRU\n+00002d10: 4220 322e 0a54 6865 7265 666f 7265 2069 B 2..Therefore i\n+00002d20: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2074 t is important t\n+00002d30: 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 796f 7572 2063 o discuss your c\n+00002d40: 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 hanges on grub-d\n+00002d50: 6576 656c 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 0a6c 6973 evel mailing.lis\n+00002d60: 7420 2873 6565 204d 6169 6c69 6e67 4c69 t (see MailingLi\n+00002d70: 7374 7329 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6973 2070 sts). On this p\n+00002d80: 6167 6520 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 736f age there are so\n+00002d90: 6d65 2062 6173 6963 2064 6574 6169 6c73 me basic details\n+00002da0: 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d on.the developm\n+00002db0: 656e 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7320 616e 6420 ent process and \n+00002dc0: 6163 7469 7669 7469 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 activities... \n+00002dd0: 4669 7273 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2079 6f75 First of all you\n+00002de0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 6d65 2075 7020 should come up \n+00002df0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6465 6120 796f with the idea yo\n+00002e00: 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 urself what you \n+00002e10: 7761 6e74 0a74 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 want.to contribu\n+00002e20: 7465 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e te. If you do n\n+00002e30: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6174 2062 6566 ot have that bef\n+00002e40: 6f72 6568 616e 6420 796f 7520 6172 6520 orehand you are \n+00002e50: 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 0a73 7475 6479 advised to.study\n+00002e60: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2061 6e64 this manual and\n+00002e70: 2074 7279 2047 5255 4220 3220 6f75 7420 try GRUB 2 out \n+00002e80: 746f 2073 6565 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 to see what you \n+00002e90: 7468 696e 6b20 6973 206d 6973 7369 6e67 think is missing\n+00002ea0: 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6572 652e 0a0a 2020 .from there... \n+00002eb0: 2048 6572 6520 6172 6520 6164 6469 7469 Here are additi\n+00002ec0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 733a 0a20 onal pointers:. \n+00002ed0: 2020 2a20 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 * . * .. If y\n+00002f60: 6f75 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 746f 206d ou intended to m\n+00002f70: 616b 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2047 ake changes to G\n+00002f80: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2028 3c3d 302e RUB Legacy (<=0.\n+00002f90: 3937 2920 7468 6f73 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 97) those are no\n+00002fa0: 740a 6163 6365 7074 6564 2061 6e79 6d6f t.accepted anymo\n+00002fb0: 7265 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 re...* Menu:..* \n+00002fc0: 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 643a Getting started:\n+00002fd0: 3a0a 2a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 7665 :.* Typical Deve\n+00002fe0: 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e 6365 loper Experience\n+00002ff0: 3a3a 0a2a 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 ::.* When you ar\n+00003000: 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 e approved for w\n+00003010: 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 rite access to p\n+00003020: 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 3a3a roject's files::\n+00003030: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 ....File: grub-d\n+00003040: 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ev.info, Node: \n+00003050: 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 642c Getting started,\n+00003060: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 Next: Typical \n+00003070: 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 Developer Experi\n+00003080: 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 ence, Up: Contr\n+00003090: 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a ibuting Changes.\n+000030a0: 0a34 2e31 2047 6574 7469 6e67 2073 7461 .4.1 Getting sta\n+000030b0: 7274 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rted.===========\n+000030c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 ========.. * A\n+000030d0: 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6520 6c61 7465 7374 lways use latest\n+000030e0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 736f 7572 6365 2063 GRUB 2 source c\n+000030f0: 6f64 652e 2020 536f 2067 6574 2074 6861 ode. So get tha\n+00003100: 7420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 t first... F\n+00003110: 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 7320 6974 or developers it\n+00003120: 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is recommended \n+00003130: 616c 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 always to use th\n+00003140: 6520 6e65 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6465 e newest. de\n+00003150: 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f velopment versio\n+00003160: 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 4966 n of GRUB 2. If\n+00003170: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 616b development tak\n+00003180: 6573 2061 206c 6f6e 6720 7065 7269 6f64 es a long period\n+00003190: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 696d 652c 2070 . of time, p\n+000031a0: 6c65 6173 6520 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 lease remember t\n+000031b0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2069 6e20 7379 6e63 2077 o keep in sync w\n+000031c0: 6974 6820 6e65 7765 7374 2064 6576 656c ith newest devel\n+000031d0: 6f70 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2072 6567 opments. reg\n+000031e0: 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6f20 6974 2069 7320 ularly so it is \n+000031f0: 6d75 6368 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2069 much easier to i\n+00003200: 6e74 6567 7261 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6368 ntegrate your ch\n+00003210: 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ange in the. \n+00003220: 2066 7574 7572 652e 2020 4752 5542 2032 future. GRUB 2\n+00003230: 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 6465 7665 6c6f is being develo\n+00003240: 7065 6420 696e 2061 2047 4954 2072 6570 ped in a GIT rep\n+00003250: 6f73 6974 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 ository... P\n+00003260: 6c65 6173 6520 6368 6563 6b20 5361 7661 lease check Sava\n+00003270: 6e6e 6168 2773 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f6a nnah's GRUB proj\n+00003280: 6563 7420 7061 6765 2066 6f72 2064 6574 ect page for det\n+00003290: 6169 6c73 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6765 740a ails how to get.\n+000032a0: 2020 2020 206e 6577 6573 7420 6769 743a newest git:\n+000032b0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 6769 7420 5265 706f GRUB 2 git Repo\n+000032c0: 7369 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 sitory. (htt\n+000032d0: 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e 676e ps://savannah.gn\n+000032e0: 752e 6f72 672f 6769 742f 3f67 726f 7570 u.org/git/?group\n+000032f0: 3d67 7275 6229 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6f6d =grub).. * Com\n+00003300: 7069 6c65 2069 7420 616e 6420 7472 7920 pile it and try \n+00003310: 6974 206f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 it out... It\n+00003320: 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2067 6f6f 6420 is always good \n+00003330: 6964 6561 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 7365 idea to first se\n+00003340: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 6e67 7320 776f e that things wo\n+00003350: 726b 2073 6f6d 6568 6f77 2061 6e64 0a20 rk somehow and. \n+00003360: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2074 after that t\n+00003370: 6f20 7374 6172 7420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 o start to imple\n+00003380: 6d65 6e74 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 ment new feature\n+00003390: 7320 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 2066 6978 s or develop fix\n+000033a0: 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 7567 732e es to. bugs.\n+000033b0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2053 7475 6479 2074 6865 .. * Study the\n+000033c0: 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 code... The\n+000033d0: 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 re are sometimes\n+000033e0: 206f 6464 2077 6179 7320 746f 2064 6f20 odd ways to do \n+000033f0: 7468 696e 6773 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 things in GRUB 2\n+00003400: 2063 6f64 6520 6261 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 code base.. \n+00003410: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n+00003420: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 746f 206c 696d 6974 related to limit\n+00003430: 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2077 ed environment w\n+00003440: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 here GRUB 2 is b\n+00003450: 6569 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 eing. execut\n+00003460: 6564 2e20 2059 6f75 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ed. You usually\n+00003470: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 do not need to \n+00003480: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2069 7420 616c understand it al\n+00003490: 6c20 736f 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 l so it is. \n+000034a0: 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 6f6e 6c79 2074 better to only t\n+000034b0: 7279 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 706c ry to look at pl\n+000034c0: 6163 6573 2074 6861 7420 7265 6c61 7465 aces that relate\n+000034d0: 7320 746f 2079 6f75 7220 776f 726b 2e0a s to your work..\n+000034e0: 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 646f 206e Please do n\n+000034f0: 6f74 2068 6573 6974 6174 6520 746f 2061 ot hesitate to a\n+00003500: 736b 2066 6f72 2068 656c 7020 6966 2074 sk for help if t\n+00003510: 6865 7265 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7468 696e here is somethin\n+00003520: 6720 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 g that. you \n+00003530: 646f 206e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e do not understan\n+00003540: 642e 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6576 656c 6f70 d... * Develop\n+00003550: 2061 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 2e0a a new feature..\n+00003560: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7720 7468 6174 2079 . Now that y\n+00003570: 6f75 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2074 6f20 ou know what to \n+00003580: 646f 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2069 7420 7368 do and how it sh\n+00003590: 6f75 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2047 5255 ould work in GRU\n+000035a0: 4220 3220 636f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6261 B 2 code. ba\n+000035b0: 7365 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2062 6520 6672 se, please be fr\n+000035c0: 6565 2074 6f20 6465 7665 6c6f 7020 6974 ee to develop it\n+000035d0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206e . If you have n\n+000035e0: 6f74 2073 6f20 6661 720a 2020 2020 2061 ot so far. a\n+000035f0: 6e6e 6f75 6e63 6564 2079 6f75 7220 6964 nnounced your id\n+00003600: 6561 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c ea on grub-devel\n+00003610: 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742c 2070 mailing list, p\n+00003620: 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2069 7420 6e6f 772e lease do it now.\n+00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 746f . This is to\n+00003640: 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2079 6f75 2061 make sure you a\n+00003650: 7265 206e 6f74 2077 6173 7469 6e67 2079 re not wasting y\n+00003660: 6f75 7220 7469 6d65 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 our time working\n+00003670: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c on the. sol\n+00003680: 7574 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 ution that will \n+00003690: 6e6f 7420 6265 2069 6e74 6567 7261 7465 not be integrate\n+000036a0: 6420 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 636f 6465 d to GRUB 2 code\n+000036b0: 2062 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 base... You\n+000036c0: 206d 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 might want to s\n+000036d0: 7475 6479 206f 7572 2063 6f64 696e 6720 tudy our coding \n+000036e0: 7374 796c 6520 6265 666f 7265 2073 7461 style before sta\n+000036f0: 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6576 656c rting. devel\n+00003700: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2073 6f20 796f 7520 646f opment so you do\n+00003710: 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6861 not need to cha\n+00003720: 6e67 6520 6d75 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 nge much of the \n+00003730: 636f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7572 0a20 code when your. \n+00003740: 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2062 6569 patch is bei\n+00003750: 6e67 2072 6576 6965 7765 642e 2020 2873 ng reviewed. (s\n+00003760: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f64 696e 6720 ee *note Coding \n+00003770: 7374 796c 653a 3a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 style::).. F\n+00003780: 6f72 2065 7665 7279 2061 6363 6570 7465 or every accepte\n+00003790: 6420 7061 7463 6820 7468 6572 6520 6861 d patch there ha\n+000037a0: 7320 746f 2065 7869 7374 2061 2043 6861 s to exist a Cha\n+000037b0: 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204f ngeLog entry. O\n+000037c0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 4c6f ur. ChangeLo\n+000037d0: 6720 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6861 g consist of cha\n+000037e0: 6e67 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 736f 7572 nges within sour\n+000037f0: 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6172 6520 ce code and are \n+00003800: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6573 6372 6962 not. describ\n+00003810: 696e 6720 6162 6f75 7420 7768 6174 2074 ing about what t\n+00003820: 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 he change logica\n+00003830: 6c6c 7920 646f 6573 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 lly does. Pleas\n+00003840: 6520 7365 650a 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 e see. examp\n+00003850: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 les from previou\n+00003860: 7320 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 s entries... \n+00003870: 2041 6c73 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 Also remember t\n+00003880: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6c69 hat GRUB 2 is li\n+00003890: 6365 6e73 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2047 504c censed under GPL\n+000038a0: 7633 206c 6963 656e 7365 2061 6e64 2074 v3 license and t\n+000038b0: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2075 7375 616c 6c79 hat. usually\n+000038c0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 means that you \n+000038d0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 are not allowed \n+000038e0: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 7069 6563 6573 206f to copy pieces o\n+000038f0: 6620 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 f code from. \n+00003900: 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f 6a65 6374 732e other projects.\n+00003910: 2020 4576 656e 2069 6620 7468 6520 736f Even if the so\n+00003920: 7572 6365 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 206c urce project's l\n+00003930: 6963 656e 7365 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 650a icense would be.\n+00003940: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 compatible \n+00003950: 7769 7468 2047 504c 7633 2c20 706c 6561 with GPLv3, plea\n+00003960: 7365 2064 6973 6375 7373 2069 7420 6265 se discuss it be\n+00003970: 666f 7265 6861 6e64 206f 6e20 6772 7562 forehand on grub\n+00003980: 2d64 6576 656c 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696c -devel. mail\n+00003990: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ing list... * \n+000039a0: 5465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 Test your change\n+000039b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2074 6861 ... Test tha\n+000039c0: 7420 796f 7572 2063 6861 6e67 6520 776f t your change wo\n+000039d0: 726b 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 2054 rks properly. T\n+000039e0: 7279 2069 7420 6f75 7420 6120 636f 7570 ry it out a coup\n+000039f0: 6c65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 696d 6573 le of. times\n+00003a00: 2c20 7072 6566 6572 6162 6c79 206f 6e20 , preferably on \n+00003a10: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7379 7374 656d different system\n+00003a20: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 s, and try to fi\n+00003a30: 6e64 2070 726f 626c 656d 730a 2020 2020 nd problems. \n+00003a40: 2077 6974 6820 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 with it... * \n+00003a50: 5075 626c 6973 6820 796f 7572 2063 6861 Publish your cha\n+00003a60: 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 nge... When \n+00003a70: 796f 7520 6172 6520 6861 7070 7920 7769 you are happy wi\n+00003a80: 7468 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 2c20 th your change, \n+00003a90: 6669 7273 7420 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 first make sure \n+00003aa0: 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 it is. compi\n+00003ab0: 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 206c 6174 6573 lable with lates\n+00003ac0: 7420 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 t development ve\n+00003ad0: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e rsion of GRUB 2.\n+00003ae0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6174 0a20 2020 After that. \n+00003af0: 2020 706c 6561 7365 2073 656e 6420 6120 please send a \n+00003b00: 7061 7463 6820 746f 2067 7275 622d 6465 patch to grub-de\n+00003b10: 7665 6c20 666f 7220 7265 7669 6577 2e20 vel for review. \n+00003b20: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 Please describe\n+00003b30: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 656d in. your em\n+00003b40: 6169 6c20 7768 7920 796f 7520 6d61 6465 ail why you made\n+00003b50: 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 652c 2077 6861 the change, wha\n+00003b60: 7420 6974 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2061 6e64 t it changes and\n+00003b70: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 so on.. Ple\n+00003b80: 6173 6520 6265 2070 7265 7061 7265 6420 ase be prepared \n+00003b90: 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 2065 7665 6e20 to receive even \n+00003ba0: 6469 7363 6f75 7261 6769 6e67 2063 6f6d discouraging com\n+00003bb0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f75 7420 796f 7572 ments about your\n+00003bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 682e 2020 5468 . patch. Th\n+00003bd0: 6572 6520 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 ere is usually a\n+00003be0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e t least somethin\n+00003bf0: 6720 7468 6174 206e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 g that needs to \n+00003c00: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696d 7072 6f76 6564 be. improved\n+00003c10: 2069 6e20 6576 6572 7920 7061 7463 682e in every patch.\n+00003c20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 7573 .. Please us\n+00003c30: 6520 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2074 e unified diff t\n+00003c40: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 o make your patc\n+00003c50: 6820 2867 6f6f 6420 6d61 7463 6820 6f66 h (good match of\n+00003c60: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n+00003c70: 666f 7220 6469 6666 2069 7320 272d 7072 for diff is '-pr\n+00003c80: 754e 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5265 7370 uN')... * Resp\n+00003c90: 6f6e 6420 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 6420 ond to received \n+00003ca0: 6665 6564 6261 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 feedback... \n+00003cb0: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2061 736b 6564 If you are asked\n+00003cc0: 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2079 6f75 7220 to modify your \n+00003cd0: 7061 7463 682c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f patch, please do\n+00003ce0: 2074 6861 7420 616e 6420 7265 7375 626d that and resubm\n+00003cf0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6f72 2072 it. it for r\n+00003d00: 6576 6965 772e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 eview. If your \n+00003d10: 6368 616e 6765 2069 7320 6c61 7267 6520 change is large \n+00003d20: 796f 7520 6172 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 you are required\n+00003d30: 2074 6f20 7375 626d 6974 0a20 2020 2020 to submit. \n+00003d40: 6120 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6167 7265 a copyright agre\n+00003d50: 656d 656e 7420 746f 2046 5346 2e20 506c ement to FSF. Pl\n+00003d60: 6561 7365 206b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e ease keep in min\n+00003d70: 6420 7468 6174 2069 6620 796f 7520 6172 d that if you ar\n+00003d80: 650a 2020 2020 2061 736b 6564 2074 6f20 e. asked to \n+00003d90: 7375 626d 6974 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 7972 submit for copyr\n+00003da0: 6967 6874 2061 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 2c20 ight agreement, \n+00003db0: 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6361 6e20 7461 6b65 process can take\n+00003dc0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 some time. \n+00003dd0: 616e 6420 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 and is mandatory\n+00003de0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2067 6574 in order to get\n+00003df0: 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 7320 696e your changes in\n+00003e00: 7465 6772 6174 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 tegrated... \n+00003e10: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 206f If you are not o\n+00003e20: 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c 2074 6f20 n grub-devel to \n+00003e30: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2071 7565 7374 respond to quest\n+00003e40: 696f 6e73 2c20 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c ions, most likel\n+00003e50: 790a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 y. your patc\n+00003e60: 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6163 h will not be ac\n+00003e70: 6365 7074 6564 2e20 2041 6c73 6f20 6966 cepted. Also if\n+00003e80: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 6973 6520 problems arise \n+00003e90: 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2063 from your. c\n+00003ea0: 6861 6e67 6573 206c 6174 6572 206f 6e2c hanges later on,\n+00003eb0: 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2070 7265 it would be pre\n+00003ec0: 6665 7261 626c 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 ferable that you\n+00003ed0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6669 7820 7468 650a 2020 also fix the. \n+00003ee0: 2020 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2053 6f20 problem. So \n+00003ef0: 7374 6179 2061 726f 756e 6420 666f 7220 stay around for \n+00003f00: 6120 7768 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2059 a while... * Y\n+00003f10: 6f75 7220 7061 7463 6820 6973 2061 6363 our patch is acc\n+00003f20: 6570 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 6f6f epted... Goo\n+00003f30: 6420 6a6f 6221 2020 596f 7572 2070 6174 d job! Your pat\n+00003f40: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7720 6265 2069 ch will now be i\n+00003f50: 6e74 6567 7261 7465 6420 696e 746f 2047 ntegrated into G\n+00003f60: 5255 4220 3220 6d61 696e 6c69 6e65 2c0a RUB 2 mainline,.\n+00003f70: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 6974 2064 and if it d\n+00003f80: 6964 6e27 7420 6272 6561 6b20 616e 7974 idn't break anyt\n+00003f90: 6869 6e67 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 hing it will be \n+00003fa0: 7075 626c 6963 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 publicly availab\n+00003fb0: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e le in. the n\n+00003fc0: 6578 7420 7265 6c65 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 ext release... \n+00003fd0: 2020 204e 6f77 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2077 Now you are w\n+00003fe0: 656c 636f 6d65 2074 6f20 646f 2066 7572 elcome to do fur\n+00003ff0: 7468 6572 2069 6d70 726f 7665 6d65 6e74 ther improvement\n+00004000: 7320 3a29 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s :)....File: gr\n+00004010: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n+00004020: 6465 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 7665 de: Typical Deve\n+00004030: 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e 6365 loper Experience\n+00004040: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2057 6865 6e20 796f , Next: When yo\n+00004050: 7520 6172 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 u are approved f\n+00004060: 6f72 2077 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 or write access \n+00004070: 746f 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c to project's fil\n+00004080: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 6574 7469 es, Prev: Getti\n+00004090: 6e67 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 2055 703a ng started, Up:\n+000040a0: 2043 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 Contributing Ch\n+000040b0: 616e 6765 730a 0a34 2e32 2054 7970 6963 anges..4.2 Typic\n+000040c0: 616c 2044 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2045 7870 al Developer Exp\n+000040d0: 6572 6965 6e63 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erience.========\n 000040e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000040f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00004100: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 7065 7269 656e typical experien\n-00004110: 6365 2066 6f72 2061 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ce for a develop\n-00004120: 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 er in this proje\n-00004130: 6374 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ct is the follow\n-00004140: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 312e 2059 6f75 2066 ing:.. 1. You f\n-00004150: 696e 6420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 616e ind yourself wan\n-00004160: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f6d 6574 ting to do somet\n-00004170: 6869 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2020 6669 7869 hing (e.g. fixi\n-00004180: 6e67 2061 2062 7567 292e 0a20 2032 2e20 ng a bug).. 2. \n-00004190: 596f 7520 7368 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 You show some re\n-000041a0: 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d61 696c sult in the mail\n-000041b0: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 206f 7220 7468 6520 ing list or the \n-000041c0: 4952 432e 0a20 2033 2e20 596f 7520 6172 IRC.. 3. You ar\n-000041d0: 6520 6765 7474 696e 6720 746f 2062 6520 e getting to be \n-000041e0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 206f 7468 6572 2064 known to other d\n-000041f0: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 0a20 2034 2e20 evelopers.. 4. \n-00004200: 596f 7520 6163 6375 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 You accumulate s\n-00004210: 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2061 6d6f 756e ignificant amoun\n-00004220: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696f t of contributio\n-00004230: 6e2c 2073 6f20 636f 7079 7269 6768 740a n, so copyright.\n-00004240: 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 assignment \n-00004250: 6973 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2e0a 2020 is processed.. \n-00004260: 352e 2059 6f75 2061 7265 2066 7265 6520 5. You are free \n-00004270: 746f 2063 6865 636b 2069 6e20 796f 7572 to check in your\n-00004280: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 changes on your\n-00004290: 206f 776e 2c20 6c65 6761 6c6c 790a 2020 own, legally. \n-000042a0: 2020 2073 7065 616b 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 speaking... \n-000042b0: 2041 7420 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 2c20 At this point, \n-000042c0: 6974 2069 7320 7261 7468 6572 2061 6e6e it is rather ann\n-000042d0: 6f79 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f oying that you o\n-000042e0: 7567 6874 2074 6f20 6173 6b20 736f 6d65 ught to ask some\n-000042f0: 626f 6479 0a65 6c73 6520 6576 6572 7920 body.else every \n-00004300: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6865 change to be che\n-00004310: 636b 6564 2069 6e2e 2020 466f 7220 6566 cked in. For ef\n-00004320: 6669 6369 656e 6379 2c20 6974 2069 7320 ficiency, it is \n-00004330: 6661 7220 6265 7474 6572 2c0a 6966 2079 far better,.if y\n-00004340: 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 6974 ou can commit it\n-00004350: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 5468 6572 yourself. Ther\n-00004360: 6566 6f72 652c 206f 7572 2070 6f6c 6963 efore, our polic\n-00004370: 7920 6973 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2079 6f75 y is to give you\n-00004380: 2074 6865 0a77 7269 7465 2070 6572 6d69 the.write permi\n-00004390: 7373 696f 6e20 746f 206f 7572 206f 6666 ssion to our off\n-000043a0: 6963 6961 6c20 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 icial repository\n-000043b0: 2c20 6f6e 6365 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 , once you have \n-000043c0: 7368 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 0a73 6b69 6c6c shown your.skill\n-000043d0: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c2c 2061 6e64 2074 and will, and t\n-000043e0: 6865 2046 5346 2063 6c65 726b 7320 6861 he FSF clerks ha\n-000043f0: 7665 2064 6561 6c74 2077 6974 6820 796f ve dealt with yo\n-00004400: 7572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 0a61 7373 ur copyright.ass\n-00004410: 6967 6e6d 656e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ignment.....File\n-00004420: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n-00004430: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5768 656e 2079 6f75 Node: When you\n-00004440: 2061 7265 2061 7070 726f 7665 6420 666f are approved fo\n-00004450: 7220 7772 6974 6520 6163 6365 7373 2074 r write access t\n-00004460: 6f20 7072 6f6a 6563 7427 7320 6669 6c65 o project's file\n-00004470: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5479 7069 6361 s, Prev: Typica\n-00004480: 6c20 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 l Developer Expe\n-00004490: 7269 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e rience, Up: Con\n-000044a0: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 tributing Change\n-000044b0: 730a 0a34 2e33 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 s..4.3 When you \n-000044c0: 6172 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 are approved for\n-000044d0: 2077 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f write access to\n-000044e0: 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 project's files\n-000044f0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000040f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7479 ========..The ty\n+00004100: 7069 6361 6c20 6578 7065 7269 656e 6365 pical experience\n+00004110: 2066 6f72 2061 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 for a developer\n+00004120: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 in this project\n+00004130: 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e is the followin\n+00004140: 673a 0a0a 2020 312e 2059 6f75 2066 696e g:.. 1. You fin\n+00004150: 6420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 616e 7469 d yourself wanti\n+00004160: 6e67 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 ng to do somethi\n+00004170: 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2020 6669 7869 6e67 ng (e.g. fixing\n+00004180: 2061 2062 7567 292e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f a bug).. 2. Yo\n+00004190: 7520 7368 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 7375 u show some resu\n+000041a0: 6c74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e lt in the mailin\n+000041b0: 6720 6c69 7374 206f 7220 7468 6520 4952 g list or the IR\n+000041c0: 432e 0a20 2033 2e20 596f 7520 6172 6520 C.. 3. You are \n+000041d0: 6765 7474 696e 6720 746f 2062 6520 6b6e getting to be kn\n+000041e0: 6f77 6e20 746f 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 own to other dev\n+000041f0: 656c 6f70 6572 732e 0a20 2034 2e20 596f elopers.. 4. Yo\n+00004200: 7520 6163 6375 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6967 u accumulate sig\n+00004210: 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 nificant amount \n+00004220: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c of contribution,\n+00004230: 2073 6f20 636f 7079 7269 6768 740a 2020 so copyright. \n+00004240: 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6973 assignment is\n+00004250: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2e0a 2020 352e processed.. 5.\n+00004260: 2059 6f75 2061 7265 2066 7265 6520 746f You are free to\n+00004270: 2063 6865 636b 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2063 check in your c\n+00004280: 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f hanges on your o\n+00004290: 776e 2c20 6c65 6761 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 wn, legally. \n+000042a0: 2073 7065 616b 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2041 speaking... A\n+000042b0: 7420 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 2c20 6974 t this point, it\n+000042c0: 2069 7320 7261 7468 6572 2061 6e6e 6f79 is rather annoy\n+000042d0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 7567 ing that you oug\n+000042e0: 6874 2074 6f20 6173 6b20 736f 6d65 626f ht to ask somebo\n+000042f0: 6479 0a65 6c73 6520 6576 6572 7920 6368 dy.else every ch\n+00004300: 616e 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6865 636b ange to be check\n+00004310: 6564 2069 6e2e 2020 466f 7220 6566 6669 ed in. For effi\n+00004320: 6369 656e 6379 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6661 ciency, it is fa\n+00004330: 7220 6265 7474 6572 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 r better,.if you\n+00004340: 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 6974 2079 can commit it y\n+00004350: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 5468 6572 6566 ourself. Theref\n+00004360: 6f72 652c 206f 7572 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 ore, our policy \n+00004370: 6973 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2074 is to give you t\n+00004380: 6865 0a77 7269 7465 2070 6572 6d69 7373 he.write permiss\n+00004390: 696f 6e20 746f 206f 7572 206f 6666 6963 ion to our offic\n+000043a0: 6961 6c20 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 2c20 ial repository, \n+000043b0: 6f6e 6365 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7368 once you have sh\n+000043c0: 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 0a73 6b69 6c6c 2061 own your.skill a\n+000043d0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 nd will, and the\n+000043e0: 2046 5346 2063 6c65 726b 7320 6861 7665 FSF clerks have\n+000043f0: 2064 6561 6c74 2077 6974 6820 796f 7572 dealt with your\n+00004400: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 0a61 7373 6967 copyright.assig\n+00004410: 6e6d 656e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 nment.....File: \n+00004420: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n+00004430: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 Node: When you a\n+00004440: 7265 2061 7070 726f 7665 6420 666f 7220 re approved for \n+00004450: 7772 6974 6520 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 write access to \n+00004460: 7072 6f6a 6563 7427 7320 6669 6c65 732c project's files,\n+00004470: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 Prev: Typical \n+00004480: 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 Developer Experi\n+00004490: 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 ence, Up: Contr\n+000044a0: 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a ibuting Changes.\n+000044b0: 0a34 2e33 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 .4.3 When you ar\n+000044c0: 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 e approved for w\n+000044d0: 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 rite access to p\n+000044e0: 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 0a3d roject's files.=\n+000044f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004510: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004520: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00004530: 4173 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 206b 6e6f As you might kno\n-00004540: 772c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2068 6f73 7465 w, GRUB is hoste\n-00004550: 6420 6f6e 0a3c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7361 d on., thus the\n-00004590: 206d 656d 6265 7273 6869 700a 6973 206d membership.is m\n-000045a0: 616e 6167 6564 2062 7920 5361 7661 6e6e anaged by Savann\n-000045b0: 6168 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 ah. This means \n-000045c0: 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e that, if you wan\n-000045d0: 7420 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 t to be a member\n-000045e0: 206f 660a 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 of.this project\n-000045f0: 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 596f 7520 6e65 6564 :.. 1. You need\n-00004600: 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2079 6f75 7220 to create your \n-00004610: 6f77 6e20 6163 636f 756e 7420 6f6e 2053 own account on S\n-00004620: 6176 616e 6e61 682e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f avannah.. 2. Yo\n-00004630: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2022 5265 u can submit \"Re\n-00004640: 7175 6573 7420 666f 7220 496e 636c 7573 quest for Inclus\n-00004650: 696f 6e22 2066 726f 6d20 224d 7920 4772 ion\" from \"My Gr\n-00004660: 6f75 7073 2220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 oups\" on. Sa\n-00004670: 7661 6e6e 6168 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e vannah... Then\n-00004680: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 646d , one of the adm\n-00004690: 696e 7320 6361 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 6520 ins can approve \n-000046a0: 796f 7572 2072 6571 7565 7374 2c20 616e your request, an\n-000046b0: 6420 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a d you will be a.\n-000046c0: 6d65 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 member. If you \n-000046d0: 646f 6e27 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 don't want to us\n-000046e0: 6520 7468 6520 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 2069 e the Savannah i\n-000046f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6f20 7375 626d nterface to subm\n-00004700: 6974 2061 0a72 6571 7565 7374 2c20 796f it a.request, yo\n-00004710: 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 206e 6f74 u can simply not\n-00004720: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6164 6d69 6e73 2062 ify the admins b\n-00004730: 7920 656d 6169 6c20 6f72 2073 6f6d 6574 y email or somet\n-00004740: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 652c 0a61 6c74 6572 hing else,.alter\n-00004750: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 2042 7574 2079 natively. But y\n-00004760: 6f75 2073 7469 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f ou still need to\n-00004770: 2063 7265 6174 6520 616e 2061 6363 6f75 create an accou\n-00004780: 6e74 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 642e 0a0a nt beforehand...\n-00004790: 2020 204e 4f54 453a 2077 6520 736f 6d65 NOTE: we some\n-000047a0: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 6365 6976 6520 6120 times receive a \n-000047b0: 2252 6571 7565 7374 2066 6f72 2049 6e63 \"Request for Inc\n-000047c0: 6c75 7369 6f6e 2220 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 lusion\" from an \n-000047d0: 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 7065 7273 6f6e 2e20 unknown.person. \n-000047e0: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2074 In this case, t\n-000047f0: 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 2077 6f75 6c64 he request would\n-00004800: 2062 6520 6a75 7374 2064 6973 6361 7264 be just discard\n-00004810: 6564 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2069 730a ed, since it is.\n-00004820: 746f 6f20 6461 6e67 6572 6f75 7320 746f too dangerous to\n-00004830: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2061 2073 7472 616e 6765 allow a strange\n-00004840: 7220 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 r to be a member\n-00004850: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 , which automati\n-00004860: 6361 6c6c 790a 6769 7665 7320 6869 6d20 cally.gives him \n-00004870: 6120 636f 6d6d 6974 2072 6967 6874 2074 a commit right t\n-00004880: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 o the repository\n-00004890: 2c20 626f 7468 2066 6f72 2061 206c 6567 , both for a leg\n-000048a0: 616c 2072 6561 736f 6e20 616e 640a 666f al reason and.fo\n-000048b0: 7220 6120 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 7265 r a technical re\n-000048c0: 6173 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ason... If you\n-000048d0: 7220 696e 7465 6e74 696f 6e20 6973 2074 r intention is t\n-000048e0: 6f20 6a75 7374 2067 6574 2073 7461 7274 o just get start\n-000048f0: 6564 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f20 6e6f ed, please do no\n-00004900: 7420 7375 626d 6974 2061 0a69 6e63 6c75 t submit a.inclu\n-00004910: 7369 6f6e 2072 6571 7565 7374 2e20 2049 sion request. I\n-00004920: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2073 nstead, please s\n-00004930: 7562 7363 7269 6265 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ubscribe to the \n-00004940: 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2c20 616e mailing list, an\n-00004950: 640a 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 6669 d.communicate fi\n-00004960: 7273 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 2073 656e 6469 rst (e.g. sendi\n-00004970: 6e67 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6173 6b69 ng a patch, aski\n-00004980: 6e67 2061 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2c 2063 ng a question, c\n-00004990: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 696e 670a 6f6e 2061 6e6f ommenting.on ano\n-000049a0: 7468 6572 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e2e 2e29 ther message...)\n-000049b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-000049c0: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-000049d0: 2055 7064 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e Updating Extern\n-000049e0: 616c 2043 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 al Code, Next: \n-000049f0: 506f 7274 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Porting, Prev: \n-00004a00: 436f 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2043 6861 Contributing Cha\n-00004a10: 6e67 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a nges, Up: Top..\n-00004a20: 3520 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2065 7874 6572 5 Updating exter\n-00004a30: 6e61 6c20 636f 6465 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nal code.*******\n-00004a40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004a50: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 696e 636c 7564 6573 *..GRUB includes\n-00004a60: 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d20 some code from \n-00004a70: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f6a 6563 7473 2c20 other projects, \n-00004a80: 616e 6420 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 and it is someti\n-00004a90: 6d65 730a 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f mes.necessary to\n-00004aa0: 2075 7064 6174 6520 6974 2e0a 0a2a 204d update it...* M\n-00004ab0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 476e 756c 6962 3a3a enu:..* Gnulib::\n-00004ac0: 0a2a 206a 736d 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d69 6e69 .* jsmn::.* mini\n-00004ad0: 6c7a 6f3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lzo::....File: g\n-00004ae0: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n-00004af0: 6f64 653a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c 2020 4e65 ode: Gnulib, Ne\n-00004b00: 7874 3a20 6a73 6d6e 2c20 2055 703a 2055 xt: jsmn, Up: U\n-00004b10: 7064 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c pdating External\n-00004b20: 2043 6f64 650a 0a35 2e31 2047 6e75 6c69 Code..5.1 Gnuli\n-00004b30: 620a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 476e b.==========..Gn\n-00004b40: 756c 6962 2069 7320 6120 736f 7572 6365 ulib is a source\n-00004b50: 2063 6f64 6520 6c69 6272 6172 7920 7468 code library th\n-00004b60: 6174 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 at provides basi\n-00004b70: 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 c functionality \n-00004b80: 746f 0a70 726f 6772 616d 7320 616e 6420 to.programs and \n-00004b90: 6c69 6272 6172 6965 732e 2020 4d61 6e79 libraries. Many\n-00004ba0: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7061 636b 6167 software packag\n-00004bb0: 6573 206d 616b 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 es make use of G\n-00004bc0: 6e75 6c69 6220 746f 0a61 766f 6964 2072 nulib to.avoid r\n-00004bd0: 6569 6e76 656e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2070 einventing the p\n-00004be0: 6f72 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6865 656c ortability wheel\n-00004bf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f72 ... GRUB impor\n-00004c00: 7473 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 7573 696e 6720 ts Gnulib using \n-00004c10: 6974 7320 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 its 'bootstrap' \n-00004c20: 7574 696c 6974 792c 2069 6465 6e74 6966 utility, identif\n-00004c30: 7969 6e67 2061 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 ying a.particula\n-00004c40: 7220 4769 7420 636f 6d6d 6974 2069 6e20 r Git commit in \n-00004c50: 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 6627 'bootstrap.conf'\n-00004c60: 2e20 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f . To upgrade to\n-00004c70: 2061 206e 6577 2047 6e75 6c69 620a 636f a new Gnulib.co\n-00004c80: 6d6d 6974 2c20 7365 7420 2747 4e55 4c49 mmit, set 'GNULI\n-00004c90: 425f 5245 5649 5349 4f4e 2720 696e 2027 B_REVISION' in '\n-00004ca0: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 2720 bootstrap.conf' \n-00004cb0: 746f 2074 6865 206e 6577 2063 6f6d 6d69 to the new commi\n-00004cc0: 7420 4944 2c0a 7468 656e 2072 756e 2027 t ID,.then run '\n-00004cd0: 2e2f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7027 2061 6e64 ./bootstrap' and\n-00004ce0: 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 656c 7365 2079 whatever else y\n-00004cf0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ou need to make \n-00004d00: 7375 7265 2069 7420 776f 726b 732e 0a43 sure it works..C\n-00004d10: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 heck for changes\n-00004d20: 2074 6f20 476e 756c 6962 2773 2027 4e45 to Gnulib's 'NE\n-00004d30: 5753 2720 6669 6c65 2062 6574 7765 656e WS' file between\n-00004d40: 2074 6865 206f 6c64 2061 6e64 206e 6577 the old and new\n-00004d50: 0a63 6f6d 6d69 7473 3b20 696e 2073 6f6d .commits; in som\n-00004d60: 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 2077 696c 6c20 e cases it will \n-00004d70: 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 be necessary to \n-00004d80: 6164 6a75 7374 2047 5255 4220 746f 206d adjust GRUB to m\n-00004d90: 6174 6368 2e0a 596f 7520 6d61 7920 616c atch..You may al\n-00004da0: 736f 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7064 6174 so need to updat\n-00004db0: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6865 7320 696e e the patches in\n-00004dc0: 0a27 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6c69 622f .'grub-core/lib/\n-00004dd0: 676e 756c 6962 2d70 6174 6368 6573 2f27 gnulib-patches/'\n-00004de0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 206e ... To add a n\n-00004df0: 6577 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ew Gnulib module\n-00004e00: 206f 7220 7265 6d6f 7665 206f 6e65 2074 or remove one t\n-00004e10: 6861 7420 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 hat is no longer\n-00004e20: 206e 6565 6465 642c 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 needed,.change \n-00004e30: 2767 6e75 6c69 625f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7327 'gnulib_modules'\n-00004e40: 2069 6e20 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 in 'bootstrap.c\n-00004e50: 6f6e 6627 2e20 2041 6761 696e 2c20 7275 onf'. Again, ru\n-00004e60: 6e20 272e 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 270a n './bootstrap'.\n-00004e70: 616e 6420 7768 6174 6576 6572 2065 6c73 and whatever els\n-00004e80: 6520 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6d61 e you need to ma\n-00004e90: 6b65 2073 7572 6520 6974 2077 6f72 6b73 ke sure it works\n-00004ea0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 7374 7261 7070 ... Bootstrapp\n-00004eb0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6f6c 6465 ing from an olde\n-00004ec0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2063 r distribution c\n-00004ed0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6765 7474 6578 ontaining gettex\n-00004ee0: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 3c0a 302e 3138 t version <.0.18\n-00004ef0: 2e33 2c20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 .3, will require\n-00004f00: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2073 696d 696c 6172 a patch similar\n-00004f10: 2074 6f20 7468 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2061 to this to be a\n-00004f20: 7070 6c69 6564 2066 6972 7374 2062 6566 pplied first bef\n-00004f30: 6f72 650a 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 ore.running the \n-00004f40: 272e 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 './bootstrap' ut\n-00004f50: 696c 6974 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 ility:.. dif\n-00004f60: 6620 2d2d 6769 7420 612f 626f 6f74 7374 f --git a/bootst\n-00004f70: 7261 702e 636f 6e66 2062 2f62 6f6f 7473 rap.conf b/boots\n-00004f80: 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 660a 2020 2020 2069 trap.conf. i\n-00004f90: 6e64 6578 2039 3838 6464 6130 2e2e 6133 ndex 988dda0..a3\n-00004fa0: 3139 3361 3920 3130 3036 3434 0a20 2020 193a9 100644. \n-00004fb0: 2020 2d2d 2d20 612f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 --- a/bootstra\n-00004fc0: 702e 636f 6e66 0a20 2020 2020 2b2b 2b20 p.conf. +++ \n-00004fd0: 622f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 b/bootstrap.conf\n-00004fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 4020 2d36 372c 3720 2b36 . @ -67,7 +6\n-00004ff0: 372c 3720 4020 534b 4950 5f50 4f3d 740a 7,7 @ SKIP_PO=t.\n-00005000: 2020 2020 2062 7569 6c64 7265 713d 225c buildreq=\"\\\n-00005010: 0a20 2020 2020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2020 . autoconf \n-00005020: 2032 2e36 330a 2020 2020 2061 7574 6f6d 2.63. autom\n-00005030: 616b 6520 2020 312e 3131 0a20 2020 2020 ake 1.11. \n-00005040: 2d67 6574 7465 7874 2020 2020 302e 3138 -gettext 0.18\n-00005050: 2e33 0a20 2020 2020 2b67 6574 7465 7874 .3. +gettext\n-00005060: 2020 2020 302e 3137 0a20 2020 2020 6769 0.17. gi\n-00005070: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2031 2e35 2e35 0a20 t 1.5.5. \n-00005080: 2020 2020 7461 7220 2020 2020 2020 202d tar -\n-00005090: 0a20 2020 2020 220a 2020 2020 2064 6966 . \". dif\n-000050a0: 6620 2d2d 6769 7420 612f 636f 6e66 6967 f --git a/config\n-000050b0: 7572 652e 6163 2062 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 ure.ac b/configu\n-000050c0: 7265 2e61 630a 2020 2020 2069 6e64 6578 re.ac. index\n-000050d0: 2030 3862 3531 3866 2e2e 3939 6635 6233 08b518f..99f5b3\n-000050e0: 3620 3130 3036 3434 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6 100644. --\n-000050f0: 2d20 612f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 652e 6163 - a/configure.ac\n-00005100: 0a20 2020 2020 2b2b 2b20 622f 636f 6e66 . +++ b/conf\n-00005110: 6967 7572 652e 6163 0a20 2020 2020 4020 igure.ac. @ \n-00005120: 2d33 3632 2c37 202b 3336 322c 3720 4020 -362,7 +362,7 @ \n-00005130: 4143 5f43 4845 434b 5f50 524f 4728 4841 AC_CHECK_PROG(HA\n-00005140: 5645 5f43 5858 2c20 2443 5858 2c20 7965 VE_CXX, $CXX, ye\n-00005150: 732c 206e 6f29 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 435f s, no).. 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It \n-00005230: 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206e 6563 will also be nec\n-00005240: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 6a75 7374 essary to adjust\n-00005250: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 6573 2069 6e0a the patches in.\n-00005260: 2770 6f2f 6765 7474 6578 742d 7061 7463 'po/gettext-patc\n-00005270: 6865 732f 2720 746f 2061 7070 6c79 2074 hes/' to apply t\n-00005280: 6f20 616e 206f 6c64 6572 2076 6572 7369 o an older versi\n-00005290: 6f6e 206f 6620 6765 7474 6578 742e 0a0a on of gettext...\n-000052a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 ..File: grub-dev\n-000052b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6a73 .info, Node: js\n-000052c0: 6d6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 696e 696c mn, Next: minil\n-000052d0: 7a6f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 6e75 6c69 zo, Prev: Gnuli\n-000052e0: 622c 2020 5570 3a20 5570 6461 7469 6e67 b, Up: Updating\n-000052f0: 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 0a0a External Code..\n-00005300: 352e 3220 6a73 6d6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 5.2 jsmn.=======\n-00005310: 3d0a 0a6a 736d 6e20 6973 2061 206d 696e =..jsmn is a min\n-00005320: 696d 616c 6973 7469 6320 4a53 4f4e 2070 imalistic JSON p\n-00005330: 6172 7365 7220 7768 6963 6820 6973 2069 arser which is i\n-00005340: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 mplemented in a \n-00005350: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a68 6561 6465 7220 6669 single.header fi\n-00005360: 6c65 2027 6a73 6d6e 2e68 272e 2020 546f le 'jsmn.h'. To\n-00005370: 2069 6d70 6f72 7420 6120 6469 6666 6572 import a differ\n-00005380: 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 ent version of t\n-00005390: 6865 206a 736d 6e20 7061 7273 6572 2c0a he jsmn parser,.\n-000053a0: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 you may simply d\n-000053b0: 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276a 736d ownload the 'jsm\n-000053c0: 6e2e 6827 2068 6561 6465 7220 6672 6f6d n.h' header from\n-000053d0: 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6167 the desired tag\n-000053e0: 206f 720a 636f 6d6d 6974 2074 6f20 7468 or.commit to th\n-000053f0: 6520 7461 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f e target directo\n-00005400: 7279 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d ry:.. curl -\n-00005410: 4c20 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7261 772e 6769 L https://raw.gi\n-00005420: 7468 7562 7573 6572 636f 6e74 656e 742e thubusercontent.\n-00005430: 636f 6d2f 7a73 6572 6765 2f6a 736d 6e2f com/zserge/jsmn/\n-00005440: 7631 2e31 2e30 2f6a 736d 6e2e 6820 5c0a v1.1.0/jsmn.h \\.\n-00005450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 6f20 6772 7562 -o grub\n-00005460: 2d63 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 6a73 6f6e 2f6a -core/lib/json/j\n-00005470: 736d 6e2e 680a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 smn.h....File: g\n-00005480: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n-00005490: 6f64 653a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2c20 2050 ode: minilzo, P\n-000054a0: 7265 763a 206a 736d 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: jsmn, Up: \n-000054b0: 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 Updating Externa\n-000054c0: 6c20 436f 6465 0a0a 352e 3320 6d69 6e69 l Code..5.3 mini\n-000054d0: 6c7a 6f0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a lzo.===========.\n-000054e0: 0a6d 696e 694c 5a4f 2069 7320 6120 7665 .miniLZO is a ve\n-000054f0: 7279 206c 6967 6874 7765 6967 6874 2073 ry lightweight s\n-00005500: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 204c 5a4f ubset of the LZO\n-00005510: 206c 6962 7261 7279 2069 6e74 656e 6465 library intende\n-00005520: 6420 666f 720a 6561 7379 2069 6e63 6c75 d for.easy inclu\n-00005530: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7072 sion in other pr\n-00005540: 6f6a 6563 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2067 ojects. It is g\n-00005550: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 enerated automat\n-00005560: 6963 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 ically from.the \n-00005570: 4c5a 4f20 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 6520 LZO source code \n-00005580: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 and contains the\n-00005590: 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 most important \n-000055a0: 4c5a 4f20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a LZO functions...\n-000055b0: 2020 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f To upgrade to\n-000055c0: 2061 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f a new version o\n-000055d0: 6620 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 4c5a 4f20 6c69 f the miniLZO li\n-000055e0: 6272 6172 792c 2064 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6420 brary, download \n-000055f0: 7468 650a 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7461 7262 the.release tarb\n-00005600: 616c 6c20 616e 6420 636f 7079 2074 6865 all and copy the\n-00005610: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 files into the \n-00005620: 7461 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 target directory\n-00005630: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 :.. curl -L \n-00005640: 2d4f 2068 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6f62 -O http://www.ob\n-00005650: 6572 6875 6d65 722e 636f 6d2f 6f70 656e erhumer.com/open\n-00005660: 736f 7572 6365 2f6c 7a6f 2f64 6f77 6e6c source/lzo/downl\n-00005670: 6f61 642f 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 oad/minilzo-2.10\n-00005680: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2074 6172 .tar.gz. tar\n-00005690: 202d 7a78 6620 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e -zxf minilzo-2.\n-000056a0: 3130 2e74 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2072 10.tar.gz. r\n-000056b0: 6d20 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2f74 m minilzo-2.10/t\n-000056c0: 6573 746d 696e 692e 630a 2020 2020 2072 estmini.c. r\n-000056d0: 6d20 2d72 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6c m -r grub-core/l\n-000056e0: 6962 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 2f2a 0a20 2020 ib/minilzo/*. \n-000056f0: 2020 6370 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2d32 2e31 cp minilzo-2.1\n-00005700: 302f 2a2e 5b68 635d 2067 7275 622d 636f 0/*.[hc] grub-co\n-00005710: 7265 2f6c 6962 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 0a20 re/lib/minilzo. \n-00005720: 2020 2020 726d 202d 7220 6d69 6e69 6c7a rm -r minilz\n-00005730: 6f2d 322e 3130 2a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a o-2.10*....File:\n-00005740: 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 grub-dev.info, \n-00005750: 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6f72 7469 6e67 2c20 Node: Porting, \n-00005760: 204e 6578 743a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e Next: Error Han\n-00005770: 646c 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5570 dling, Prev: Up\n-00005780: 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 dating External \n-00005790: 436f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a Code, Up: Top..\n-000057a0: 3620 506f 7274 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 6 Porting.******\n-000057b0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 ***..GRUB2 is de\n-000057c0: 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6173 signed to be eas\n-000057d0: 696c 7920 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6363 ily portable acc\n-000057e0: 726f 7373 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 ross platforms. \n-000057f0: 2042 7574 2062 6563 6175 7365 0a6f 6620 But because.of \n-00005800: 7468 6520 6e61 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f the nature of bo\n-00005810: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 7665 7279 206e otloader every n\n-00005820: 6577 2070 6f72 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ew port must be \n-00005830: 646f 6e65 2073 6570 6172 6174 656c 792e done separately.\n-00005840: 0a48 6572 6520 6973 2068 6f77 2049 2064 .Here is how I d\n-00005850: 6964 204d 4950 5320 286c 6f6f 6e67 736f id MIPS (loongso\n-00005860: 6e20 616e 6420 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2058 n and ARC) and X\n-00005870: 656e 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 en ports. Note \n-00005880: 7468 616e 2074 6869 730a 6973 206d 6f72 than this.is mor\n-00005890: 6520 6f66 2073 7567 6765 7374 696f 6e73 e of suggestions\n-000058a0: 2c20 6e6f 7420 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2074 , not absolute t\n-000058b0: 7275 7468 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 ruth... First \n-000058c0: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2067 7261 6220 616e 7920 of all grab any \n-000058d0: 6172 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2073 7065 architecture spe\n-000058e0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 796f 7520 cifications you \n-000058f0: 6361 6e20 6669 6e64 2069 6e0a 7075 626c can find in.publ\n-00005900: 6963 2028 706c 6561 7365 2061 766f 6964 ic (please avoid\n-00005910: 204e 4441 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 NDA)... First\n-00005920: 2073 7461 6765 2069 7320 2248 656c 6c6f stage is \"Hello\n-00005930: 2077 6f72 6c64 222e 2020 4927 7665 2064 world\". I've d\n-00005940: 6f6e 6520 6974 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f one it outside o\n-00005950: 6620 4752 5542 2066 6f72 0a73 696d 706c f GRUB for.simpl\n-00005960: 6963 6974 792e 2020 596f 7572 2074 6173 icity. Your tas\n-00005970: 6b20 6973 2074 6f20 6861 7665 2061 2073 k is to have a s\n-00005980: 6d61 6c6c 2070 726f 6772 616d 2077 6869 mall program whi\n-00005990: 6368 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 2061 ch is loadable a\n-000059a0: 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 s.bootloader and\n-000059b0: 2063 6c65 6172 6c79 2073 686f 7773 2069 clearly shows i\n-000059c0: 7473 2070 7265 7365 6e63 6520 746f 2079 ts presence to y\n-000059d0: 6f75 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 ou. If you have\n-000059e0: 2065 6173 696c 790a 6163 6365 7373 6962 easily.accessib\n-000059f0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 le console you c\n-00005a00: 616e 206a 7573 7420 7072 696e 7420 6120 an just print a \n-00005a10: 6d65 7373 6167 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 message. If you\n-00005a20: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6d61 7070 6564 0a66 have a mapped.f\n-00005a30: 7261 6d65 6275 6666 6572 2079 6f75 206b ramebuffer you k\n-00005a40: 6e6f 7720 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2c20 now address of, \n-00005a50: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6472 6177 2061 2073 you can draw a s\n-00005a60: 7175 6172 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 quare. If you h\n-00005a70: 6176 6520 610a 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 ave a.debug faci\n-00005a80: 6c69 7479 2c20 6a75 7374 2068 616e 6769 lity, just hangi\n-00005a90: 6e67 2077 6974 686f 7574 2063 7261 7368 ng without crash\n-00005aa0: 696e 6720 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2065 6e6f ing might be eno\n-00005ab0: 7567 682e 2020 466f 7220 7468 650a 6669 ugh. For the.fi\n-00005ac0: 7273 7420 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 6361 rst stage you ca\n-00005ad0: 6e20 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 n choose to load\n-00005ae0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00005af0: 6163 726f 7373 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f across the netwo\n-00005b00: 726b 0a73 696e 6365 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 rk.since format \n-00005b10: 666f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696d 6167 for network imag\n-00005b20: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2065 6173 6965 e is often easie\n-00005b30: 7220 7468 616e 2066 6f72 206c 6f63 616c r than for local\n-00005b40: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6974 2073 6b69 boot and.it ski\n-00005b50: 7073 2074 6865 206e 6565 6420 6f66 2073 ps the need of s\n-00005b60: 6d61 6c6c 2069 6e74 6572 6d65 6469 6172 mall intermediar\n-00005b70: 7920 7374 6167 6573 2061 6e64 206e 7672 y stages and nvr\n-00005b80: 616d 2068 616e 646c 696e 672e 0a41 6464 am handling..Add\n-00005b90: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 itionally you ca\n-00005ba0: 6e20 6f66 7465 6e20 6861 7665 2061 2067 n often have a g\n-00005bb0: 6f6f 6420 6964 6561 206f 6620 7468 6520 ood idea of the \n-00005bc0: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6279 needed format by\n-00005bd0: 0a72 756e 6e69 6e67 2022 6669 6c65 2220 .running \"file\" \n-00005be0: 6f6e 2061 6e79 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 on any netbootab\n-00005bf0: 6c65 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f le executable fo\n-00005c00: 7220 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d r given platform\n-00005c10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 726f 6772 ... This progr\n-00005c20: 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 am should probab\n-00005c30: 6c79 2068 6176 6520 3220 7061 7274 733a ly have 2 parts:\n-00005c40: 2061 6e20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 616e an assembler an\n-00005c50: 6420 4320 6f6e 652e 0a41 7373 656d 626c d C one..Assembl\n-00005c60: 6572 206f 6e65 2068 616e 646c 6573 2042 er one handles B\n-00005c70: 5353 2063 6c65 616e 696e 6720 616e 6420 SS cleaning and \n-00005c80: 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 6564 6564 2073 6574 other needed set\n-00005c90: 7570 2028 6f6e 2073 6f6d 650a 706c 6174 up (on some.plat\n-00005ca0: 666f 726d 7320 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 forms you may ne\n-00005cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 7377 6974 6368 206d 6f64 ed to switch mod\n-00005cc0: 6573 206f 7220 636f 7079 2074 6865 2065 es or copy the e\n-00005cd0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 746f 2069 7473 xecutable to its\n-00005ce0: 0a64 6566 696e 6974 6976 6520 706f 7369 .definitive posi\n-00005cf0: 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 tion). So your \n-00005d00: 636f 6465 206d 6179 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 code may look li\n-00005d10: 6b65 2028 7838 3620 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 ke (x86 assembly\n-00005d20: 2066 6f72 0a69 6c6c 7573 7472 6174 696f for.illustratio\n-00005d30: 6e20 7075 7270 6f73 6573 290a 0a20 2020 n purposes).. \n-00005d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e67 6c6f 626c .globl\n-00005d50: 205f 7374 6172 740a 2020 2020 205f 7374 _start. _st\n-00005d60: 6172 743a 0a20 2020 2020 096d 6f76 6c09 art:. .movl.\n-00005d70: 245f 6273 735f 7374 6172 742c 2025 6564 $_bss_start, %ed\n-00005d80: 690a 2020 2020 2009 6d6f 766c 0924 5f65 i. .movl.$_e\n-00005d90: 6e64 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 2020 0973 nd, %ecx. .s\n-00005da0: 7562 6c09 2565 6469 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 ubl.%edi, %ecx. \n-00005db0: 2020 2020 0978 6f72 6c09 2565 6178 2c20 .xorl.%eax, \n-00005dc0: 2565 6178 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6c64 0a20 %eax. .cld. \n-00005dd0: 2020 2020 0972 6570 0a20 2020 2020 0973 .rep. .s\n-00005de0: 746f 7362 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tosb. \n-00005df0: 2020 6361 6c6c 206d 6169 6e0a 0a0a 2020 call main... \n-00005e00: 2020 2073 7461 7469 6320 636f 6e73 7420 static const \n-00005e10: 6368 6172 206d 7367 5b5d 203d 2022 4865 char msg[] = \"He\n-00005e20: 6c6c 6f2c 2077 6f72 6c64 223b 0a0a 2020 llo, world\";.. \n-00005e30: 2020 2076 6f69 640a 2020 2020 2070 7574 void. put\n-00005e40: 6368 6172 2028 696e 7420 6329 0a20 2020 char (int c). \n-00005e50: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 {. .... \n-00005e60: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6964 }.. void\n-00005e70: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2028 766f 6964 . main (void\n-00005e80: 290a 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ). {. \n-00005e90: 636f 6e73 7420 6368 6172 202a 7074 7220 const char *ptr \n-00005ea0: 3d20 6d73 673b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7768 = msg;. wh\n-00005eb0: 696c 6520 282a 7074 7229 0a20 2020 2020 ile (*ptr). \n-00005ec0: 2020 2020 7075 7463 6861 7220 282a 7074 putchar (*pt\n-00005ed0: 722b 2b29 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2077 6869 r++);. whi\n-00005ee0: 6c65 2028 3129 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a le (1);. }..\n-00005ef0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2079 6f75 Sometimes you\n-00005f00: 206e 6565 6420 6120 7468 6972 6420 6669 need a third fi\n-00005f10: 6c65 3a20 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2073 7475 le: assembly stu\n-00005f20: 6273 2066 6f72 0a41 4249 2d63 6f6d 7061 bs for.ABI-compa\n-00005f30: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e tibility... On\n-00005f40: 6365 2074 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 ce this file is \n-00005f50: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 7427 7320 functional it's \n-00005f60: 7469 6d65 2074 6f20 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 time to move it \n-00005f70: 696e 746f 2047 5255 4232 2e20 2054 6865 into GRUB2. The\n-00005f80: 0a73 7461 7274 7570 2061 7373 656d 626c .startup assembl\n-00005f90: 7920 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 2067 y file goes to g\n-00005fa0: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 rub-core/kern/$c\n-00005fb0: 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f73 7461 pu/$platform/sta\n-00005fc0: 7274 7570 2e53 2e0a 596f 7520 7368 6f75 rtup.S..You shou\n-00005fd0: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 ld also include \n-00005fe0: 6772 7562 2f73 796d 626f 6c2e 6820 616e grub/symbol.h an\n-00005ff0: 6420 7265 706c 6163 6520 6361 6c6c 2074 d replace call t\n-00006000: 6f20 656e 7472 7920 706f 696e 740a 7769 o entry point.wi\n-00006010: 7468 2063 616c 6c20 746f 2045 5854 5f43 th call to EXT_C\n-00006020: 2867 7275 625f 6d61 696e 292e 2020 5468 (grub_main). Th\n-00006030: 6520 4320 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f e C file goes to\n-00006040: 0a67 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f .grub-core/kern/\n-00006050: 2463 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f69 $cpu/$platform/i\n-00006060: 6e69 742e 6320 616e 6420 6974 7320 656e nit.c and its en\n-00006070: 7472 7920 706f 696e 7420 6973 2072 656e try point is ren\n-00006080: 616d 6564 2074 6f0a 766f 6964 2067 7275 amed to.void gru\n-00006090: 625f 6d61 6368 696e 655f 696e 6974 2028 b_machine_init (\n-000060a0: 766f 6964 292e 2020 4b65 6570 2066 696e void). Keep fin\n-000060b0: 616c 2069 6e66 696e 6974 6520 6c6f 6f70 al infinite loop\n-000060c0: 2066 6f72 206e 6f77 2e20 2053 7475 6273 for now. Stubs\n-000060d0: 0a66 696c 6520 6966 2061 6e79 2067 6f65 .file if any goe\n-000060e0: 7320 746f 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b s to grub-core/k\n-000060f0: 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f ern/$cpu/$platfo\n-00006100: 726d 2f63 616c 6c77 7261 702e 532e 2053 rm/callwrap.S. S\n-00006110: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a65 6974 6865 7220 ometimes.either \n-00006120: 2463 7075 206f 7220 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 $cpu or $platfor\n-00006130: 6d20 6973 2064 726f 7070 6564 2069 6620 m is dropped if \n-00006140: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7573 6564 206f 6e20 file is used on \n-00006150: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6370 7573 0a72 6573 several cpus.res\n-00006160: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7970 6c61 7466 6f72 pectivelyplatfor\n-00006170: 6d73 2e20 2043 6865 636b 2074 686f 7365 ms. Check those\n-00006180: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2069 6620 7468 locations if th\n-00006190: 6579 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2068 6176 6520 ey already have \n-000061a0: 7768 6174 0a79 6f75 2772 6520 6c6f 6f6b what.you're look\n-000061b0: 696e 6720 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ing for... The\n-000061c0: 6e20 6d6f 6469 6679 2069 6e20 636f 6e66 n modify in conf\n-000061d0: 6967 7572 652e 6163 2074 6865 2066 6f6c igure.ac the fol\n-000061e0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 6172 7473 3a0a 0a20 lowing parts:.. \n-000061f0: 2020 4350 5520 6e61 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 CPU names:.. \n-00006200: 2020 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 case \"$target\n-00006210: 5f63 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _cpu\" in. \n-00006220: 695b 5b33 3435 365d 5d38 3629 0974 6172 i[[3456]]86).tar\n-00006230: 6765 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a get_cpu=i386 ;;.\n-00006240: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2909 7461 amd64).ta\n-00006250: 7267 6574 5f63 7075 3d78 3836 5f36 3420 rget_cpu=x86_64 \n-00006260: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6329 ;;. sparc)\n-00006270: 0974 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7370 6172 .target_cpu=spar\n-00006280: 6336 3420 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7333 c64 ;;. s3\n-00006290: 3930 7829 0974 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 90x).target_cpu=\n-000062a0: 7333 3930 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e s390 ;;. .\n-000062b0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 ... esac.. \n-000062c0: 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2043 5055 2068 Sometimes CPU h\n-000062d0: 6176 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 ave additional a\n-000062e0: 7263 6869 7465 6374 7572 6520 6e61 6d65 rchitecture name\n-000062f0: 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f 6e27 740a 696e s which don't.in\n-00006300: 666c 7565 6e63 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672e fluence booting.\n-00006310: 2020 596f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 You might want\n-00006320: 2074 6f20 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 to have some ca\n-00006330: 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 nonical name to \n-00006340: 6176 6f69 640a 6861 7669 6e67 2062 756e avoid.having bun\n-00006350: 6368 206f 6620 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c20 ch of identical \n-00006360: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2064 platforms with d\n-00006370: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e0a ifferent names..\n-00006380: 0a20 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 6974 2064 6f65 . NOTE: it doe\n-00006390: 736e 2774 2069 6e66 6c75 656e 6365 2063 sn't influence c\n-000063a0: 6f6d 7069 6c65 206f 7074 696d 6973 6174 ompile optimisat\n-000063b0: 696f 6e73 2077 6869 6368 2064 6570 656e ions which depen\n-000063c0: 6420 736f 6c65 6c79 0a6f 6e20 6368 6f73 d solely.on chos\n-000063d0: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 7220 616e 6420 en compiler and \n-000063e0: 636f 6d70 696c 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e compile options.\n-000063f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7465 7374 2022 .. if test \"\n-00006400: 7824 7769 7468 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 x$with_platform\"\n-00006410: 203d 2078 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 = x; then. \n-00006420: 2020 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f case \"$target_\n-00006430: 6370 7522 2d22 2474 6172 6765 745f 7665 cpu\"-\"$target_ve\n-00006440: 6e64 6f72 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ndor\" in. \n-00006450: 2020 6933 3836 2d61 7070 6c65 2920 706c i386-apple) pl\n-00006460: 6174 666f 726d 3d65 6669 203b 3b0a 2020 atform=efi ;;. \n-00006470: 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 2a29 2070 i386-*) p\n-00006480: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d 7063 203b 3b0a 2020 latform=pc ;;. \n-00006490: 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6170 x86_64-ap\n-000064a0: 706c 6529 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d 6566 ple) platform=ef\n-000064b0: 6920 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7838 i ;;. x8\n-000064c0: 365f 3634 2d2a 2920 706c 6174 666f 726d 6_64-*) platform\n-000064d0: 3d70 6320 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 =pc ;;. \n-000064e0: 706f 7765 7270 632d 2a29 2070 6c61 7466 powerpc-*) platf\n-000064f0: 6f72 6d3d 6965 6565 3132 3735 203b 3b0a orm=ieee1275 ;;.\n-00006500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 .... \n-00006510: 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a20 2020 2020 656c esac. el\n-00006520: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 se. .... \n-00006530: 2020 2066 690a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 fi.. This p\n-00006540: 6172 7420 6465 616c 7320 7769 7468 2067 art deals with g\n-00006550: 7565 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 706c 6174 uessing the plat\n-00006560: 666f 726d 2066 726f 6d20 4350 5520 616e form from CPU an\n-00006570: 6420 7665 6e64 6f72 2e0a 536f 6d65 7469 d vendor..Someti\n-00006580: 6d65 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 mes you need to \n-00006590: 7573 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6520 use 32-bit mode \n-000065a0: 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6576 656e for booting even\n-000065b0: 2069 6620 4f53 2072 756e 7320 696e 0a36 if OS runs in.6\n-000065c0: 342d 6269 7420 6f6e 652e 2020 4966 2073 4-bit one. If s\n-000065d0: 6f20 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 o add your platf\n-000065e0: 6f72 6d20 746f 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6361 orm to:.. ca\n-000065f0: 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7522 se \"$target_cpu\"\n-00006600: 2d22 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 2069 6e0a -\"$platform\" in.\n-00006610: 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 x86_64-ef\n-00006620: 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 i) ;;. x86\n-00006630: 5f36 342d 656d 7529 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 _64-emu) ;;. \n-00006640: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 2a29 2074 6172 x86_64-*) tar\n-00006650: 6765 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a get_cpu=i386 ;;.\n-00006660: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 7063 3634 powerpc64\n-00006670: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3529 2074 6172 6765 -ieee1275) targe\n-00006680: 745f 6370 753d 706f 7765 7270 6320 3b3b t_cpu=powerpc ;;\n-00006690: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2041 . esac.. A\n-000066a0: 6464 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d dd your platform\n-000066b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-000066c0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6573 3a0a supported ones:.\n-000066d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 . case \"$tar\n-000066e0: 6765 745f 6370 7522 2d22 2470 6c61 7466 get_cpu\"-\"$platf\n-000066f0: 6f72 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 orm\" in. i\n-00006700: 3338 362d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 386-efi) ;;. \n-00006710: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 203b x86_64-efi) ;\n-00006720: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 7063 ;. i386-pc\n-00006730: 2920 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6933 3836 ) ;;. i386\n-00006740: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2920 3b3b 0a20 -multiboot) ;;. \n-00006750: 2020 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 i386-coreb\n-00006760: 6f6f 7429 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e oot) ;;. .\n-00006770: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 ... esac.. \n-00006780: 2049 6620 6578 706c 6963 6974 202d 6d33 If explicit -m3\n-00006790: 3220 6f72 202d 6d36 3420 6973 206e 6565 2 or -m64 is nee\n-000067a0: 6465 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f3a 0a0a ded add it to:..\n-000067b0: 2020 2020 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 case \"$targ\n-000067c0: 6574 5f63 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 et_cpu\" in. \n-000067d0: 2020 6933 3836 207c 2070 6f77 6572 7063 i386 | powerpc\n-000067e0: 2920 7461 7267 6574 5f6d 3332 3d31 203b ) target_m32=1 ;\n-000067f0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 3420 ;. x86_64 \n-00006800: 7c20 7370 6172 6336 3429 2074 6172 6765 | sparc64) targe\n-00006810: 745f 6d36 343d 3120 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 t_m64=1 ;;. \n-00006820: 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2046 696e 616c 6c79 esac.. Finally\n-00006830: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2061 6464 you need to add\n-00006840: 2061 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 a conditional t\n-00006850: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 o the following \n-00006860: 626c 6f63 6b3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f block:.. AM_\n-00006870: 434f 4e44 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e CONDITIONAL([CON\n-00006880: 445f 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 5d2c 205b 7465 D_mips_arc], [te\n-00006890: 7374 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7520 st x$target_cpu \n-000068a0: 3d20 786d 6970 7320 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 = xmips -a x$pla\n-000068b0: 7466 6f72 6d20 3d20 7861 7263 5d29 0a20 tform = xarc]). \n-000068c0: 2020 2020 414d 5f43 4f4e 4449 5449 4f4e AM_CONDITION\n-000068d0: 414c 285b 434f 4e44 5f73 7061 7263 3634 AL([COND_sparc64\n-000068e0: 5f69 6565 6531 3237 355d 2c20 5b74 6573 _ieee1275], [tes\n-000068f0: 7420 7824 7461 7267 6574 5f63 7075 203d t x$target_cpu =\n-00006900: 2078 7370 6172 6336 3420 2d61 2078 2470 xsparc64 -a x$p\n-00006910: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 3d20 7869 6565 6531 latform = xieee1\n-00006920: 3237 355d 290a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f 275]). AM_CO\n-00006930: 4e44 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f NDITIONAL([COND_\n-00006940: 706f 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 powerpc_ieee1275\n-00006950: 5d2c 205b 7465 7374 2078 2474 6172 6765 ], [test x$targe\n-00006960: 745f 6370 7520 3d20 7870 6f77 6572 7063 t_cpu = xpowerpc\n-00006970: 202d 6120 7824 706c 6174 666f 726d 203d -a x$platform =\n-00006980: 2078 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d29 0a0a 2020 xieee1275]).. \n-00006990: 204e 6578 7420 7374 6f70 2069 7320 6765 Next stop is ge\n-000069a0: 6e74 706c 2e70 792e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 ntpl.py. You ne\n-000069b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 ed to add your p\n-000069c0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6865 206c latform to the l\n-000069d0: 6973 7420 6f66 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ist of.supported\n-000069e0: 206f 6e65 7320 2873 6f72 7279 2074 6861 ones (sorry tha\n-000069f0: 7420 7468 6973 206c 6973 7420 6973 2064 t this list is d\n-00006a00: 7570 6c69 6361 7465 6429 3a0a 0a20 2020 uplicated):.. \n-00006a10: 2020 4752 5542 5f50 4c41 5446 4f52 4d53 GRUB_PLATFORMS\n-00006a20: 203d 205b 2022 656d 7522 2c20 2269 3338 = [ \"emu\", \"i38\n-00006a30: 365f 7063 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f65 6669 6_pc\", \"i386_efi\n-00006a40: 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f71 656d 7522 2c20 \", \"i386_qemu\", \n-00006a50: 2269 3338 365f 636f 7265 626f 6f74 222c \"i386_coreboot\",\n-00006a60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00006a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6933 3836 5f6d \"i386_m\n-00006a80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 222c 2022 6933 3836 ultiboot\", \"i386\n-00006a90: 5f69 6565 6531 3237 3522 2c20 2278 3836 _ieee1275\", \"x86\n-00006aa0: 5f36 345f 6566 6922 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 _64_efi\",. \n+00004520: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 ============..As\n+00004530: 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 206b 6e6f 772c you might know,\n+00004540: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2068 6f73 7465 6420 GRUB is hosted \n+00004550: 6f6e 0a3c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7361 7661 on., thus the m\n+00004590: 656d 6265 7273 6869 700a 6973 206d 616e embership.is man\n+000045a0: 6167 6564 2062 7920 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 aged by Savannah\n+000045b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+000045c0: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 at, if you want \n+000045d0: 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 206f to be a member o\n+000045e0: 660a 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 3a0a f.this project:.\n+000045f0: 0a20 2031 2e20 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 . 1. You need t\n+00004600: 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 o create your ow\n+00004610: 6e20 6163 636f 756e 7420 6f6e 2053 6176 n account on Sav\n+00004620: 616e 6e61 682e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f 7520 annah.. 2. You \n+00004630: 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2022 5265 7175 can submit \"Requ\n+00004640: 6573 7420 666f 7220 496e 636c 7573 696f est for Inclusio\n+00004650: 6e22 2066 726f 6d20 224d 7920 4772 6f75 n\" from \"My Grou\n+00004660: 7073 2220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7661 ps\" on. Sava\n+00004670: 6e6e 6168 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2c20 nnah... Then, \n+00004680: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 646d 696e one of the admin\n+00004690: 7320 6361 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 6520 796f s can approve yo\n+000046a0: 7572 2072 6571 7565 7374 2c20 616e 6420 ur request, and \n+000046b0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 6d65 you will be a.me\n+000046c0: 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f mber. If you do\n+000046d0: 6e27 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 n't want to use \n+000046e0: 7468 6520 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 2069 6e74 the Savannah int\n+000046f0: 6572 6661 6365 2074 6f20 7375 626d 6974 erface to submit\n+00004700: 2061 0a72 6571 7565 7374 2c20 796f 7520 a.request, you \n+00004710: 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 206e 6f74 6966 can simply notif\n+00004720: 7920 7468 6520 6164 6d69 6e73 2062 7920 y the admins by \n+00004730: 656d 6169 6c20 6f72 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 email or somethi\n+00004740: 6e67 2065 6c73 652c 0a61 6c74 6572 6e61 ng else,.alterna\n+00004750: 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 2042 7574 2079 6f75 tively. But you\n+00004760: 2073 7469 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 still need to c\n+00004770: 7265 6174 6520 616e 2061 6363 6f75 6e74 reate an account\n+00004780: 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 beforehand... \n+00004790: 204e 4f54 453a 2077 6520 736f 6d65 7469 NOTE: we someti\n+000047a0: 6d65 7320 7265 6365 6976 6520 6120 2252 mes receive a \"R\n+000047b0: 6571 7565 7374 2066 6f72 2049 6e63 6c75 equest for Inclu\n+000047c0: 7369 6f6e 2220 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 756e sion\" from an un\n+000047d0: 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 7065 7273 6f6e 2e20 2049 known.person. I\n+000047e0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2074 6865 n this case, the\n+000047f0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 request would b\n+00004800: 6520 6a75 7374 2064 6973 6361 7264 6564 e just discarded\n+00004810: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2069 730a 746f , since it is.to\n+00004820: 6f20 6461 6e67 6572 6f75 7320 746f 2061 o dangerous to a\n+00004830: 6c6c 6f77 2061 2073 7472 616e 6765 7220 llow a stranger \n+00004840: 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 to be a member, \n+00004850: 7768 6963 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 which automatica\n+00004860: 6c6c 790a 6769 7665 7320 6869 6d20 6120 lly.gives him a \n+00004870: 636f 6d6d 6974 2072 6967 6874 2074 6f20 commit right to \n+00004880: 7468 6520 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 2c20 the repository, \n+00004890: 626f 7468 2066 6f72 2061 206c 6567 616c both for a legal\n+000048a0: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 616e 640a 666f 7220 reason and.for \n+000048b0: 6120 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 7265 6173 a technical reas\n+000048c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 on... If your \n+000048d0: 696e 7465 6e74 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 intention is to \n+000048e0: 6a75 7374 2067 6574 2073 7461 7274 6564 just get started\n+000048f0: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 , please do not \n+00004900: 7375 626d 6974 2061 0a69 6e63 6c75 7369 submit a.inclusi\n+00004910: 6f6e 2072 6571 7565 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 on request. Ins\n+00004920: 7465 6164 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2073 7562 tead, please sub\n+00004930: 7363 7269 6265 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 scribe to the ma\n+00004940: 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2c20 616e 640a iling list, and.\n+00004950: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 6669 7273 communicate firs\n+00004960: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 2073 656e 6469 6e67 t (e.g. sending\n+00004970: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6173 6b69 6e67 a patch, asking\n+00004980: 2061 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2c 2063 6f6d a question, com\n+00004990: 6d65 6e74 696e 670a 6f6e 2061 6e6f 7468 menting.on anoth\n+000049a0: 6572 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e2e 2e29 2e0a er message...)..\n+000049b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+000049c0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 v.info, Node: U\n+000049d0: 7064 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c pdating External\n+000049e0: 2043 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506f Code, Next: Po\n+000049f0: 7274 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f rting, Prev: Co\n+00004a00: 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2043 6861 6e67 ntributing Chang\n+00004a10: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 es, Up: Top..5 \n+00004a20: 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2065 7874 6572 6e61 Updating externa\n+00004a30: 6c20 636f 6465 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l code.*********\n+00004a40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+00004a50: 0a47 5255 4220 696e 636c 7564 6573 2073 .GRUB includes s\n+00004a60: 6f6d 6520 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d20 6f74 ome code from ot\n+00004a70: 6865 7220 7072 6f6a 6563 7473 2c20 616e her projects, an\n+00004a80: 6420 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 d it is sometime\n+00004a90: 730a 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2075 s.necessary to u\n+00004aa0: 7064 6174 6520 6974 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e pdate it...* Men\n+00004ab0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 476e 756c 6962 3a3a 0a2a u:..* Gnulib::.*\n+00004ac0: 206a 736d 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d69 6e69 6c7a jsmn::.* minilz\n+00004ad0: 6f3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 o::....File: gru\n+00004ae0: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+00004af0: 653a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c 2020 4e65 7874 e: Gnulib, Next\n+00004b00: 3a20 6a73 6d6e 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7064 : jsmn, Up: Upd\n+00004b10: 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c 2043 ating External C\n+00004b20: 6f64 650a 0a35 2e31 2047 6e75 6c69 620a ode..5.1 Gnulib.\n+00004b30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 476e 756c ==========..Gnul\n+00004b40: 6962 2069 7320 6120 736f 7572 6365 2063 ib is a source c\n+00004b50: 6f64 6520 6c69 6272 6172 7920 7468 6174 ode library that\n+00004b60: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 provides basic \n+00004b70: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n+00004b80: 0a70 726f 6772 616d 7320 616e 6420 6c69 .programs and li\n+00004b90: 6272 6172 6965 732e 2020 4d61 6e79 2073 braries. Many s\n+00004ba0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7061 636b 6167 6573 oftware packages\n+00004bb0: 206d 616b 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 6e75 make use of Gnu\n+00004bc0: 6c69 6220 746f 0a61 766f 6964 2072 6569 lib to.avoid rei\n+00004bd0: 6e76 656e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6f72 nventing the por\n+00004be0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6865 656c 2e0a tability wheel..\n+00004bf0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f72 7473 . GRUB imports\n+00004c00: 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 7573 696e 6720 6974 Gnulib using it\n+00004c10: 7320 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 s 'bootstrap' ut\n+00004c20: 696c 6974 792c 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 ility, identifyi\n+00004c30: 6e67 2061 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 ng a.particular \n+00004c40: 4769 7420 636f 6d6d 6974 2069 6e20 2762 Git commit in 'b\n+00004c50: 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 6627 2e20 ootstrap.conf'. \n+00004c60: 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 To upgrade to a\n+00004c70: 206e 6577 2047 6e75 6c69 620a 636f 6d6d new Gnulib.comm\n+00004c80: 6974 2c20 7365 7420 2747 4e55 4c49 425f it, set 'GNULIB_\n+00004c90: 5245 5649 5349 4f4e 2720 696e 2027 626f REVISION' in 'bo\n+00004ca0: 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 2720 746f otstrap.conf' to\n+00004cb0: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 the new commit \n+00004cc0: 4944 2c0a 7468 656e 2072 756e 2027 2e2f ID,.then run './\n+00004cd0: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7027 2061 6e64 2077 bootstrap' and w\n+00004ce0: 6861 7465 7665 7220 656c 7365 2079 6f75 hatever else you\n+00004cf0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7375 need to make su\n+00004d00: 7265 2069 7420 776f 726b 732e 0a43 6865 re it works..Che\n+00004d10: 636b 2066 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 ck for changes t\n+00004d20: 6f20 476e 756c 6962 2773 2027 4e45 5753 o Gnulib's 'NEWS\n+00004d30: 2720 6669 6c65 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 ' file between t\n+00004d40: 6865 206f 6c64 2061 6e64 206e 6577 0a63 he old and new.c\n+00004d50: 6f6d 6d69 7473 3b20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 ommits; in some \n+00004d60: 6361 7365 7320 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 cases it will be\n+00004d70: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 necessary to ad\n+00004d80: 6a75 7374 2047 5255 4220 746f 206d 6174 just GRUB to mat\n+00004d90: 6368 2e0a 596f 7520 6d61 7920 616c 736f ch..You may also\n+00004da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7064 6174 6520 need to update \n+00004db0: 7468 6520 7061 7463 6865 7320 696e 0a27 the patches in.'\n+00004dc0: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 676e grub-core/lib/gn\n+00004dd0: 756c 6962 2d70 6174 6368 6573 2f27 2e0a ulib-patches/'..\n+00004de0: 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 206e 6577 . To add a new\n+00004df0: 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206f Gnulib module o\n+00004e00: 7220 7265 6d6f 7665 206f 6e65 2074 6861 r remove one tha\n+00004e10: 7420 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e t is no longer n\n+00004e20: 6565 6465 642c 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 2767 eeded,.change 'g\n+00004e30: 6e75 6c69 625f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7327 2069 nulib_modules' i\n+00004e40: 6e20 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e n 'bootstrap.con\n+00004e50: 6627 2e20 2041 6761 696e 2c20 7275 6e20 f'. Again, run \n+00004e60: 272e 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 270a 616e './bootstrap'.an\n+00004e70: 6420 7768 6174 6576 6572 2065 6c73 6520 d whatever else \n+00004e80: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 you need to make\n+00004e90: 2073 7572 6520 6974 2077 6f72 6b73 2e0a sure it works..\n+00004ea0: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 7374 7261 7070 696e . 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It wi\n+00005230: 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206e 6563 6573 ll also be neces\n+00005240: 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 6a75 7374 2074 sary to adjust t\n+00005250: 6865 2070 6174 6368 6573 2069 6e0a 2770 he patches in.'p\n+00005260: 6f2f 6765 7474 6578 742d 7061 7463 6865 o/gettext-patche\n+00005270: 732f 2720 746f 2061 7070 6c79 2074 6f20 s/' to apply to \n+00005280: 616e 206f 6c64 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e an older version\n+00005290: 206f 6620 6765 7474 6578 742e 0a0a 1f0a of gettext.....\n+000052a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n+000052b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6a73 6d6e nfo, Node: jsmn\n+000052c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f , Next: minilzo\n+000052d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c , Prev: Gnulib,\n+000052e0: 2020 5570 3a20 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2045 Up: Updating E\n+000052f0: 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 0a0a 352e xternal Code..5.\n+00005300: 3220 6a73 6d6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 2 jsmn.========.\n+00005310: 0a6a 736d 6e20 6973 2061 206d 696e 696d .jsmn is a minim\n+00005320: 616c 6973 7469 6320 4a53 4f4e 2070 6172 alistic JSON par\n+00005330: 7365 7220 7768 6963 6820 6973 2069 6d70 ser which is imp\n+00005340: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 7369 lemented in a si\n+00005350: 6e67 6c65 0a68 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 ngle.header file\n+00005360: 2027 6a73 6d6e 2e68 272e 2020 546f 2069 'jsmn.h'. To i\n+00005370: 6d70 6f72 7420 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e mport a differen\n+00005380: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 t version of the\n+00005390: 206a 736d 6e20 7061 7273 6572 2c0a 796f jsmn parser,.yo\n+000053a0: 7520 6d61 7920 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6f77 u may simply dow\n+000053b0: 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276a 736d 6e2e nload the 'jsmn.\n+000053c0: 6827 2068 6561 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 2074 h' header from t\n+000053d0: 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6167 206f he desired tag o\n+000053e0: 720a 636f 6d6d 6974 2074 6f20 7468 6520 r.commit to the \n+000053f0: 7461 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 target directory\n+00005400: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 :.. curl -L \n+00005410: 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7261 772e 6769 7468 https://raw.gith\n+00005420: 7562 7573 6572 636f 6e74 656e 742e 636f ubusercontent.co\n+00005430: 6d2f 7a73 6572 6765 2f6a 736d 6e2f 7631 m/zserge/jsmn/v1\n+00005440: 2e31 2e30 2f6a 736d 6e2e 6820 5c0a 2020 .1.0/jsmn.h \\. \n+00005450: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2d63 -o grub-c\n+00005460: 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 6a73 6f6e 2f6a 736d ore/lib/json/jsm\n+00005470: 6e2e 680a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 n.h....File: gru\n+00005480: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+00005490: 653a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2c20 2050 7265 e: minilzo, Pre\n+000054a0: 763a 206a 736d 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5570 v: jsmn, Up: Up\n+000054b0: 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 dating External \n+000054c0: 436f 6465 0a0a 352e 3320 6d69 6e69 6c7a Code..5.3 minilz\n+000054d0: 6f0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a6d o.===========..m\n+000054e0: 696e 694c 5a4f 2069 7320 6120 7665 7279 iniLZO is a very\n+000054f0: 206c 6967 6874 7765 6967 6874 2073 7562 lightweight sub\n+00005500: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 204c 5a4f 206c set of the LZO l\n+00005510: 6962 7261 7279 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 ibrary intended \n+00005520: 666f 720a 6561 7379 2069 6e63 6c75 7369 for.easy inclusi\n+00005530: 6f6e 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f6a on in other proj\n+00005540: 6563 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2067 656e ects. It is gen\n+00005550: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 erated automatic\n+00005560: 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 4c5a ally from.the LZ\n+00005570: 4f20 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e O source code an\n+00005580: 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 206d d contains the m\n+00005590: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 4c5a ost important LZ\n+000055a0: 4f20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 O functions... \n+000055b0: 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 To upgrade to a\n+000055c0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 new version of \n+000055d0: 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 4c5a 4f20 6c69 6272 the miniLZO libr\n+000055e0: 6172 792c 2064 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 ary, download th\n+000055f0: 650a 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7461 7262 616c e.release tarbal\n+00005600: 6c20 616e 6420 636f 7079 2074 6865 2066 l and copy the f\n+00005610: 696c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7461 iles into the ta\n+00005620: 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a0a rget directory:.\n+00005630: 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 2d4f . curl -L -O\n+00005640: 2068 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6f62 6572 http://www.ober\n+00005650: 6875 6d65 722e 636f 6d2f 6f70 656e 736f humer.com/openso\n+00005660: 7572 6365 2f6c 7a6f 2f64 6f77 6e6c 6f61 urce/lzo/downloa\n+00005670: 642f 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2e74 d/minilzo-2.10.t\n+00005680: 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2074 6172 202d ar.gz. tar -\n+00005690: 7a78 6620 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 zxf minilzo-2.10\n+000056a0: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 .tar.gz. rm \n+000056b0: 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2f74 6573 minilzo-2.10/tes\n+000056c0: 746d 696e 692e 630a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 tmini.c. rm \n+000056d0: 2d72 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6c 6962 -r grub-core/lib\n+000056e0: 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 2f2a 0a20 2020 2020 /minilzo/*. \n+000056f0: 6370 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2d32 2e31 302f cp minilzo-2.10/\n+00005700: 2a2e 5b68 635d 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 *.[hc] grub-core\n+00005710: 2f6c 6962 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 0a20 2020 /lib/minilzo. \n+00005720: 2020 726d 202d 7220 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d rm -r minilzo-\n+00005730: 322e 3130 2a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 2.10*....File: g\n+00005740: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n+00005750: 6f64 653a 2050 6f72 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ode: Porting, N\n+00005760: 6578 743a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e 646c ext: Error Handl\n+00005770: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5570 6461 ing, Prev: Upda\n+00005780: 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f ting External Co\n+00005790: 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 de, Up: Top..6 \n+000057a0: 506f 7274 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Porting.********\n+000057b0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 *..GRUB2 is desi\n+000057c0: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6173 696c gned to be easil\n+000057d0: 7920 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6363 726f y portable accro\n+000057e0: 7373 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2042 ss platforms. B\n+000057f0: 7574 2062 6563 6175 7365 0a6f 6620 7468 ut because.of th\n+00005800: 6520 6e61 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 6f74 e nature of boot\n+00005810: 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 7665 7279 206e 6577 loader every new\n+00005820: 2070 6f72 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 646f port must be do\n+00005830: 6e65 2073 6570 6172 6174 656c 792e 0a48 ne separately..H\n+00005840: 6572 6520 6973 2068 6f77 2049 2064 6964 ere is how I did\n+00005850: 204d 4950 5320 286c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 MIPS (loongson \n+00005860: 616e 6420 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2058 656e and ARC) and Xen\n+00005870: 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 ports. Note th\n+00005880: 616e 2074 6869 730a 6973 206d 6f72 6520 an this.is more \n+00005890: 6f66 2073 7567 6765 7374 696f 6e73 2c20 of suggestions, \n+000058a0: 6e6f 7420 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2074 7275 not absolute tru\n+000058b0: 7468 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6f66 th... First of\n+000058c0: 2061 6c6c 2067 7261 6220 616e 7920 6172 all grab any ar\n+000058d0: 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2073 7065 6369 chitecture speci\n+000058e0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 796f 7520 6361 fications you ca\n+000058f0: 6e20 6669 6e64 2069 6e0a 7075 626c 6963 n find in.public\n+00005900: 2028 706c 6561 7365 2061 766f 6964 204e (please avoid N\n+00005910: 4441 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 2073 DA)... First s\n+00005920: 7461 6765 2069 7320 2248 656c 6c6f 2077 tage is \"Hello w\n+00005930: 6f72 6c64 222e 2020 4927 7665 2064 6f6e orld\". I've don\n+00005940: 6520 6974 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 e it outside of \n+00005950: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 0a73 696d 706c 6963 GRUB for.simplic\n+00005960: 6974 792e 2020 596f 7572 2074 6173 6b20 ity. Your task \n+00005970: 6973 2074 6f20 6861 7665 2061 2073 6d61 is to have a sma\n+00005980: 6c6c 2070 726f 6772 616d 2077 6869 6368 ll program which\n+00005990: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 2061 730a is loadable as.\n+000059a0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2063 bootloader and c\n+000059b0: 6c65 6172 6c79 2073 686f 7773 2069 7473 learly shows its\n+000059c0: 2070 7265 7365 6e63 6520 746f 2079 6f75 presence to you\n+000059d0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2065 . If you have e\n+000059e0: 6173 696c 790a 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 asily.accessible\n+000059f0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e console you can\n+00005a00: 206a 7573 7420 7072 696e 7420 6120 6d65 just print a me\n+00005a10: 7373 6167 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ssage. If you h\n+00005a20: 6176 6520 6120 6d61 7070 6564 0a66 7261 ave a mapped.fra\n+00005a30: 6d65 6275 6666 6572 2079 6f75 206b 6e6f mebuffer you kno\n+00005a40: 7720 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2c20 796f w address of, yo\n+00005a50: 7520 6361 6e20 6472 6177 2061 2073 7175 u can draw a squ\n+00005a60: 6172 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 are. If you hav\n+00005a70: 6520 610a 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 e a.debug facili\n+00005a80: 7479 2c20 6a75 7374 2068 616e 6769 6e67 ty, just hanging\n+00005a90: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2063 7261 7368 696e without crashin\n+00005aa0: 6720 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2065 6e6f 7567 g might be enoug\n+00005ab0: 682e 2020 466f 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 h. For the.firs\n+00005ac0: 7420 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 t stage you can \n+00005ad0: 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 choose to load t\n+00005ae0: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6163 he bootloader ac\n+00005af0: 726f 7373 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b ross the network\n+00005b00: 0a73 696e 6365 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 666f .since format fo\n+00005b10: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696d 6167 6520 r network image \n+00005b20: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2065 6173 6965 7220 is often easier \n+00005b30: 7468 616e 2066 6f72 206c 6f63 616c 2062 than for local b\n+00005b40: 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6974 2073 6b69 7073 oot and.it skips\n+00005b50: 2074 6865 206e 6565 6420 6f66 2073 6d61 the need of sma\n+00005b60: 6c6c 2069 6e74 6572 6d65 6469 6172 7920 ll intermediary \n+00005b70: 7374 6167 6573 2061 6e64 206e 7672 616d stages and nvram\n+00005b80: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672e 0a41 6464 6974 handling..Addit\n+00005b90: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n+00005ba0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6861 7665 2061 2067 6f6f often have a goo\n+00005bb0: 6420 6964 6561 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 d idea of the ne\n+00005bc0: 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6279 0a72 eded format by.r\n+00005bd0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6f6e unning \"file\" on\n+00005be0: 2061 6e79 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 any netbootable\n+00005bf0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 executable for \n+00005c00: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a given platform..\n+00005c10: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 726f 6772 616d . This program\n+00005c20: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 should probably\n+00005c30: 2068 6176 6520 3220 7061 7274 733a 2061 have 2 parts: a\n+00005c40: 6e20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 616e 6420 n assembler and \n+00005c50: 4320 6f6e 652e 0a41 7373 656d 626c 6572 C one..Assembler\n+00005c60: 206f 6e65 2068 616e 646c 6573 2042 5353 one handles BSS\n+00005c70: 2063 6c65 616e 696e 6720 616e 6420 6f74 cleaning and ot\n+00005c80: 6865 7220 6e65 6564 6564 2073 6574 7570 her needed setup\n+00005c90: 2028 6f6e 2073 6f6d 650a 706c 6174 666f (on some.platfo\n+00005ca0: 726d 7320 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 rms you may need\n+00005cb0: 2074 6f20 7377 6974 6368 206d 6f64 6573 to switch modes\n+00005cc0: 206f 7220 636f 7079 2074 6865 2065 7865 or copy the exe\n+00005cd0: 6375 7461 626c 6520 746f 2069 7473 0a64 cutable to its.d\n+00005ce0: 6566 696e 6974 6976 6520 706f 7369 7469 efinitive positi\n+00005cf0: 6f6e 292e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 636f on). So your co\n+00005d00: 6465 206d 6179 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 de may look like\n+00005d10: 2028 7838 3620 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2066 (x86 assembly f\n+00005d20: 6f72 0a69 6c6c 7573 7472 6174 696f 6e20 or.illustration \n+00005d30: 7075 7270 6f73 6573 290a 0a20 2020 2020 purposes).. \n+00005d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e67 6c6f 626c 205f .globl _\n+00005d50: 7374 6172 740a 2020 2020 205f 7374 6172 start. _star\n+00005d60: 743a 0a20 2020 2020 096d 6f76 6c09 245f t:. .movl.$_\n+00005d70: 6273 735f 7374 6172 742c 2025 6564 690a bss_start, %edi.\n+00005d80: 2020 2020 2009 6d6f 766c 0924 5f65 6e64 .movl.$_end\n+00005d90: 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 2020 0973 7562 , %ecx. .sub\n+00005da0: 6c09 2565 6469 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 l.%edi, %ecx. \n+00005db0: 2020 0978 6f72 6c09 2565 6178 2c20 2565 .xorl.%eax, %e\n+00005dc0: 6178 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6c64 0a20 2020 ax. .cld. \n+00005dd0: 2020 0972 6570 0a20 2020 2020 0973 746f .rep. .sto\n+00005de0: 7362 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sb. \n+00005df0: 6361 6c6c 206d 6169 6e0a 0a0a 2020 2020 call main... \n+00005e00: 2073 7461 7469 6320 636f 6e73 7420 6368 static const ch\n+00005e10: 6172 206d 7367 5b5d 203d 2022 4865 6c6c ar msg[] = \"Hell\n+00005e20: 6f2c 2077 6f72 6c64 223b 0a0a 2020 2020 o, world\";.. \n+00005e30: 2076 6f69 640a 2020 2020 2070 7574 6368 void. putch\n+00005e40: 6172 2028 696e 7420 6329 0a20 2020 2020 ar (int c). \n+00005e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 {. .... \n+00005e60: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6964 0a20 }.. void. \n+00005e70: 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2028 766f 6964 290a main (void).\n+00005e80: 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 636f {. co\n+00005e90: 6e73 7420 6368 6172 202a 7074 7220 3d20 nst char *ptr = \n+00005ea0: 6d73 673b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7768 696c msg;. whil\n+00005eb0: 6520 282a 7074 7229 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e (*ptr). \n+00005ec0: 2020 7075 7463 6861 7220 282a 7074 722b putchar (*ptr+\n+00005ed0: 2b29 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2077 6869 6c65 +);. while\n+00005ee0: 2028 3129 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 (1);. }.. \n+00005ef0: 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2079 6f75 206e Sometimes you n\n+00005f00: 6565 6420 6120 7468 6972 6420 6669 6c65 eed a third file\n+00005f10: 3a20 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2073 7475 6273 : assembly stubs\n+00005f20: 2066 6f72 0a41 4249 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 for.ABI-compati\n+00005f30: 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 bility... Once\n+00005f40: 2074 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6675 this file is fu\n+00005f50: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 7427 7320 7469 nctional it's ti\n+00005f60: 6d65 2074 6f20 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 696e me to move it in\n+00005f70: 746f 2047 5255 4232 2e20 2054 6865 0a73 to GRUB2. The.s\n+00005f80: 7461 7274 7570 2061 7373 656d 626c 7920 tartup assembly \n+00005f90: 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 2067 7275 file goes to gru\n+00005fa0: 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 b-core/kern/$cpu\n+00005fb0: 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f73 7461 7274 /$platform/start\n+00005fc0: 7570 2e53 2e0a 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 up.S..You should\n+00005fd0: 2061 6c73 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 6772 also include gr\n+00005fe0: 7562 2f73 796d 626f 6c2e 6820 616e 6420 ub/symbol.h and \n+00005ff0: 7265 706c 6163 6520 6361 6c6c 2074 6f20 replace call to \n+00006000: 656e 7472 7920 706f 696e 740a 7769 7468 entry point.with\n+00006010: 2063 616c 6c20 746f 2045 5854 5f43 2867 call to EXT_C(g\n+00006020: 7275 625f 6d61 696e 292e 2020 5468 6520 rub_main). The \n+00006030: 4320 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 0a67 C file goes to.g\n+00006040: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 rub-core/kern/$c\n+00006050: 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f69 6e69 pu/$platform/ini\n+00006060: 742e 6320 616e 6420 6974 7320 656e 7472 t.c and its entr\n+00006070: 7920 706f 696e 7420 6973 2072 656e 616d y point is renam\n+00006080: 6564 2074 6f0a 766f 6964 2067 7275 625f ed to.void grub_\n+00006090: 6d61 6368 696e 655f 696e 6974 2028 766f machine_init (vo\n+000060a0: 6964 292e 2020 4b65 6570 2066 696e 616c id). Keep final\n+000060b0: 2069 6e66 696e 6974 6520 6c6f 6f70 2066 infinite loop f\n+000060c0: 6f72 206e 6f77 2e20 2053 7475 6273 0a66 or now. Stubs.f\n+000060d0: 696c 6520 6966 2061 6e79 2067 6f65 7320 ile if any goes \n+000060e0: 746f 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 to grub-core/ker\n+000060f0: 6e2f 2463 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d n/$cpu/$platform\n+00006100: 2f63 616c 6c77 7261 702e 532e 2053 6f6d /callwrap.S. Som\n+00006110: 6574 696d 6573 0a65 6974 6865 7220 2463 etimes.either $c\n+00006120: 7075 206f 7220 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 pu or $platform \n+00006130: 6973 2064 726f 7070 6564 2069 6620 6669 is dropped if fi\n+00006140: 6c65 2069 7320 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7365 le is used on se\n+00006150: 7665 7261 6c20 6370 7573 0a72 6573 7065 veral cpus.respe\n+00006160: 6374 6976 656c 7970 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ctivelyplatforms\n+00006170: 2e20 2043 6865 636b 2074 686f 7365 206c . Check those l\n+00006180: 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2069 6620 7468 6579 ocations if they\n+00006190: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2068 6176 6520 7768 already have wh\n+000061a0: 6174 0a79 6f75 2772 6520 6c6f 6f6b 696e at.you're lookin\n+000061b0: 6720 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 g for... Then \n+000061c0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2069 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 modify in config\n+000061d0: 7572 652e 6163 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ure.ac the follo\n+000061e0: 7769 6e67 2070 6172 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 wing parts:.. \n+000061f0: 4350 5520 6e61 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 CPU names:.. \n+00006200: 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 5f63 case \"$target_c\n+00006210: 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 695b pu\" in. i[\n+00006220: 5b33 3435 365d 5d38 3629 0974 6172 6765 [3456]]86).targe\n+00006230: 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 t_cpu=i386 ;;. \n+00006240: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2909 7461 7267 amd64).targ\n+00006250: 6574 5f63 7075 3d78 3836 5f36 3420 3b3b et_cpu=x86_64 ;;\n+00006260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6329 0974 . sparc).t\n+00006270: 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7370 6172 6336 arget_cpu=sparc6\n+00006280: 3420 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7333 3930 4 ;;. s390\n+00006290: 7829 0974 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7333 x).target_cpu=s3\n+000062a0: 3930 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 90 ;;. ...\n+000062b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2053 . esac.. S\n+000062c0: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2043 5055 2068 6176 ometimes CPU hav\n+000062d0: 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 7263 e additional arc\n+000062e0: 6869 7465 6374 7572 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 hitecture names \n+000062f0: 7768 6963 6820 646f 6e27 740a 696e 666c which don't.infl\n+00006300: 7565 6e63 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 uence booting. \n+00006310: 596f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 You might want t\n+00006320: 6f20 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 6e6f o have some cano\n+00006330: 6e69 6361 6c20 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 6176 nical name to av\n+00006340: 6f69 640a 6861 7669 6e67 2062 756e 6368 oid.having bunch\n+00006350: 206f 6620 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c20 706c of identical pl\n+00006360: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2064 6966 atforms with dif\n+00006370: 6665 7265 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 ferent names... \n+00006380: 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 6974 2064 6f65 736e NOTE: it doesn\n+00006390: 2774 2069 6e66 6c75 656e 6365 2063 6f6d 't influence com\n+000063a0: 7069 6c65 206f 7074 696d 6973 6174 696f pile optimisatio\n+000063b0: 6e73 2077 6869 6368 2064 6570 656e 6420 ns which depend \n+000063c0: 736f 6c65 6c79 0a6f 6e20 6368 6f73 656e solely.on chosen\n+000063d0: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 7220 616e 6420 636f compiler and co\n+000063e0: 6d70 696c 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a mpile options...\n+000063f0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 7465 7374 2022 7824 if test \"x$\n+00006400: 7769 7468 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 203d with_platform\" =\n+00006410: 2078 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 x; then. \n+00006420: 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 case \"$target_cp\n+00006430: 7522 2d22 2474 6172 6765 745f 7665 6e64 u\"-\"$target_vend\n+00006440: 6f72 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or\" in. \n+00006450: 6933 3836 2d61 7070 6c65 2920 706c 6174 i386-apple) plat\n+00006460: 666f 726d 3d65 6669 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 form=efi ;;. \n+00006470: 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 2a29 2070 6c61 i386-*) pla\n+00006480: 7466 6f72 6d3d 7063 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 tform=pc ;;. \n+00006490: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6170 706c x86_64-appl\n+000064a0: 6529 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d 6566 6920 e) platform=efi \n+000064b0: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7838 365f ;;. x86_\n+000064c0: 3634 2d2a 2920 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d70 64-*) platform=p\n+000064d0: 6320 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f c ;;. po\n+000064e0: 7765 7270 632d 2a29 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 werpc-*) platfor\n+000064f0: 6d3d 6965 6565 3132 3735 203b 3b0a 2020 m=ieee1275 ;;. \n+00006500: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .... \n+00006510: 2020 6573 6163 0a20 2020 2020 656c 7365 esac. else\n+00006520: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 . .... \n+00006530: 2066 690a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6172 fi.. This par\n+00006540: 7420 6465 616c 7320 7769 7468 2067 7565 t deals with gue\n+00006550: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f ssing the platfo\n+00006560: 726d 2066 726f 6d20 4350 5520 616e 6420 rm from CPU and \n+00006570: 7665 6e64 6f72 2e0a 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 vendor..Sometime\n+00006580: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 s you need to us\n+00006590: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6520 666f e 32-bit mode fo\n+000065a0: 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6576 656e 2069 r booting even i\n+000065b0: 6620 4f53 2072 756e 7320 696e 0a36 342d f OS runs in.64-\n+000065c0: 6269 7420 6f6e 652e 2020 4966 2073 6f20 bit one. If so \n+000065d0: 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 add your platfor\n+000065e0: 6d20 746f 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 m to:.. case\n+000065f0: 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7522 2d22 \"$target_cpu\"-\"\n+00006600: 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 $platform\" in. \n+00006610: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 x86_64-efi)\n+00006620: 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 ;;. x86_6\n+00006630: 342d 656d 7529 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 4-emu) ;;. \n+00006640: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 2a29 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-*) targe\n+00006650: 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 t_cpu=i386 ;;. \n+00006660: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 7063 3634 2d69 powerpc64-i\n+00006670: 6565 6531 3237 3529 2074 6172 6765 745f eee1275) target_\n+00006680: 6370 753d 706f 7765 7270 6320 3b3b 0a20 cpu=powerpc ;;. \n+00006690: 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2041 6464 esac.. Add\n+000066a0: 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2074 your platform t\n+000066b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 o the list of su\n+000066c0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6573 3a0a 0a20 pported ones:.. \n+000066d0: 2020 2020 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 case \"$targe\n+000066e0: 745f 6370 7522 2d22 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 t_cpu\"-\"$platfor\n+000066f0: 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 m\" in. i38\n+00006700: 362d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 6-efi) ;;. \n+00006710: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a x86_64-efi) ;;.\n+00006720: 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 7063 2920 i386-pc) \n+00006730: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d6d ;;. i386-m\n+00006740: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2920 3b3b 0a20 2020 ultiboot) ;;. \n+00006750: 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f i386-coreboo\n+00006760: 7429 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e t) ;;. ...\n+00006770: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2049 . esac.. I\n+00006780: 6620 6578 706c 6963 6974 202d 6d33 3220 f explicit -m32 \n+00006790: 6f72 202d 6d36 3420 6973 206e 6565 6465 or -m64 is neede\n+000067a0: 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f3a 0a0a 2020 d add it to:.. \n+000067b0: 2020 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 case \"$target\n+000067c0: 5f63 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _cpu\" in. \n+000067d0: 6933 3836 207c 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2920 i386 | powerpc) \n+000067e0: 7461 7267 6574 5f6d 3332 3d31 203b 3b0a target_m32=1 ;;.\n+000067f0: 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 3420 7c20 x86_64 | \n+00006800: 7370 6172 6336 3429 2074 6172 6765 745f sparc64) target_\n+00006810: 6d36 343d 3120 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 6573 m64=1 ;;. es\n+00006820: 6163 0a0a 2020 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2079 ac.. Finally y\n+00006830: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2061 6464 2061 ou need to add a\n+00006840: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6f20 conditional to \n+00006850: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 626c the following bl\n+00006860: 6f63 6b3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f ock:.. AM_CO\n+00006870: 4e44 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f NDITIONAL([COND_\n+00006880: 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 5d2c 205b 7465 7374 mips_arc], [test\n+00006890: 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7520 3d20 x$target_cpu = \n+000068a0: 786d 6970 7320 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 7466 xmips -a x$platf\n+000068b0: 6f72 6d20 3d20 7861 7263 5d29 0a20 2020 orm = xarc]). \n+000068c0: 2020 414d 5f43 4f4e 4449 5449 4f4e 414c AM_CONDITIONAL\n+000068d0: 285b 434f 4e44 5f73 7061 7263 3634 5f69 ([COND_sparc64_i\n+000068e0: 6565 6531 3237 355d 2c20 5b74 6573 7420 eee1275], [test \n+000068f0: 7824 7461 7267 6574 5f63 7075 203d 2078 x$target_cpu = x\n+00006900: 7370 6172 6336 3420 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 sparc64 -a x$pla\n+00006910: 7466 6f72 6d20 3d20 7869 6565 6531 3237 tform = xieee127\n+00006920: 355d 290a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f 4e44 5]). AM_COND\n+00006930: 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f 706f ITIONAL([COND_po\n+00006940: 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d2c werpc_ieee1275],\n+00006950: 205b 7465 7374 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f [test x$target_\n+00006960: 6370 7520 3d20 7870 6f77 6572 7063 202d cpu = xpowerpc -\n+00006970: 6120 7824 706c 6174 666f 726d 203d 2078 a x$platform = x\n+00006980: 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d29 0a0a 2020 204e ieee1275]).. N\n+00006990: 6578 7420 7374 6f70 2069 7320 6765 6e74 ext stop is gent\n+000069a0: 706c 2e70 792e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 pl.py. You need\n+000069b0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 to add your pla\n+000069c0: 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 tform to the lis\n+000069d0: 7420 6f66 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f t of.supported o\n+000069e0: 6e65 7320 2873 6f72 7279 2074 6861 7420 nes (sorry that \n+000069f0: 7468 6973 206c 6973 7420 6973 2064 7570 this list is dup\n+00006a00: 6c69 6361 7465 6429 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 licated):.. \n+00006a10: 4752 5542 5f50 4c41 5446 4f52 4d53 203d GRUB_PLATFORMS =\n+00006a20: 205b 2022 656d 7522 2c20 2269 3338 365f [ \"emu\", \"i386_\n+00006a30: 7063 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f65 6669 222c pc\", \"i386_efi\",\n+00006a40: 2022 6933 3836 5f71 656d 7522 2c20 2269 \"i386_qemu\", \"i\n+00006a50: 3338 365f 636f 7265 626f 6f74 222c 0a20 386_coreboot\",. \n+00006a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00006a70: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6933 3836 5f6d 756c \"i386_mul\n+00006a80: 7469 626f 6f74 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f69 tiboot\", \"i386_i\n+00006a90: 6565 6531 3237 3522 2c20 2278 3836 5f36 eee1275\", \"x86_6\n+00006aa0: 345f 6566 6922 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 4_efi\",. \n 00006ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00006ac0: 2020 226d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e \"mips_loongson\n-00006ad0: 222c 2022 7370 6172 6336 345f 6965 6565 \", \"sparc64_ieee\n-00006ae0: 3132 3735 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1275\",. \n-00006af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00006b00: 706f 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 powerpc_ieee1275\n-00006b10: 222c 2022 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 222c 2022 \", \"mips_arc\", \"\n-00006b20: 6961 3634 5f65 6669 222c 0a20 2020 2020 ia64_efi\",. \n+00006ac0: 226d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 222c \"mips_loongson\",\n+00006ad0: 2022 7370 6172 6336 345f 6965 6565 3132 \"sparc64_ieee12\n+00006ae0: 3735 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 75\",. \n+00006af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 706f \"po\n+00006b00: 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 222c werpc_ieee1275\",\n+00006b10: 2022 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 222c 2022 6961 \"mips_arc\", \"ia\n+00006b20: 3634 5f65 6669 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 64_efi\",. \n 00006b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00006b40: 2020 2022 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 \"mips_qemu_mi\n-00006b50: 7073 222c 2022 7333 3930 5f6d 6169 6e66 ps\", \"s390_mainf\n-00006b60: 7261 6d65 2220 5d0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rame\" ].. You \n-00006b70: 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2077 616e 7420 616c may also want al\n-00006b80: 7265 6164 7920 746f 2061 6464 206e 6577 ready to add new\n-00006b90: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 206f 6e65 platform to one\n-00006ba0: 206f 7220 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6f66 0a61 or several of.a\n-00006bb0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2067 726f 7570 732e vailable groups.\n-00006bc0: 2020 496e 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 In particular \n-00006bd0: 7765 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6861 7665 2061 we always have a\n-00006be0: 2067 726f 7570 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 group for each \n-00006bf0: 4350 550a 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 6f6e CPU.even when on\n-00006c00: 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ly one platform \n-00006c10: 666f 7220 6769 7665 6e20 4350 5520 6973 for given CPU is\n-00006c20: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-00006c30: 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 6573 2067 7275 622d Then comes grub-\n-00006c40: 636f 7265 2f4d 616b 6566 696c 652e 636f core/Makefile.co\n-00006c50: 7265 2e64 6566 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 re.def. In the \n-00006c60: 626c 6f63 6b20 226b 6572 6e65 6c22 2079 block \"kernel\" y\n-00006c70: 6f75 276c 6c0a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 ou'll.need to de\n-00006c80: 6669 6e65 206c 6466 6c61 6773 2066 6f72 fine ldflags for\n-00006c90: 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2028 your platform (\n-00006ca0: 2463 7075 5f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 5f6c $cpu_$platform_l\n-00006cb0: 6466 6c61 6773 292e 2020 596f 750a 616c dflags). You.al\n-00006cc0: 736f 206e 6565 6420 746f 2064 6563 6c61 so need to decla\n-00006cd0: 7265 2073 7461 7274 7570 2061 736d 2066 re startup asm f\n-00006ce0: 696c 6520 2824 6370 755f 2470 6c61 7466 ile ($cpu_$platf\n-00006cf0: 6f72 6d5f 7374 6172 7475 7029 2061 7320 orm_startup) as \n-00006d00: 7765 6c6c 0a61 7320 616e 7920 6f74 6865 well.as any othe\n-00006d10: 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2069 r files (e.g. i\n-00006d20: 6e69 742e 6320 616e 6420 6361 6c6c 7772 nit.c and callwr\n-00006d30: 6170 2e53 2920 2865 2e67 2e20 2024 6370 ap.S) (e.g. $cp\n-00006d40: 755f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 3d0a 6b65 u_$platform =.ke\n-00006d50: 726e 2f24 6370 752f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 rn/$cpu/$platfor\n-00006d60: 6d2f 696e 6974 2e63 292e 2020 4174 2074 m/init.c). At t\n-00006d70: 6869 7320 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 7769 his stage you wi\n-00006d80: 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ll also need to \n-00006d90: 6164 640a 6475 6d6d 7920 646c 2e63 2061 add.dummy dl.c a\n-00006da0: 6e64 2063 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 nd cache.S with \n-00006db0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6772 7562 5f65 functions grub_e\n-00006dc0: 7272 5f74 0a67 7275 625f 6172 6368 5f64 rr_t.grub_arch_d\n-00006dd0: 6c5f 6368 6563 6b5f 6865 6164 6572 2028 l_check_header (\n-00006de0: 766f 6964 202a 6568 6472 292c 2067 7275 void *ehdr), gru\n-00006df0: 625f 6572 725f 740a 6772 7562 5f61 7263 b_err_t.grub_arc\n-00006e00: 685f 646c 5f72 656c 6f63 6174 655f 7379 h_dl_relocate_sy\n-00006e10: 6d62 6f6c 7320 2867 7275 625f 646c 5f74 mbols (grub_dl_t\n-00006e20: 206d 6f64 2c20 766f 6964 202a 6568 6472 mod, void *ehdr\n-00006e30: 2920 2864 6c2e 6329 2061 6e64 0a76 6f69 ) (dl.c) and.voi\n-00006e40: 6420 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f 7379 6e63 d grub_arch_sync\n-00006e50: 5f63 6163 6865 7320 2876 6f69 6420 2a61 _caches (void *a\n-00006e60: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6772 7562 5f73 697a ddress, grub_siz\n-00006e70: 655f 7420 6c65 6e29 2028 6361 6368 652e e_t len) (cache.\n-00006e80: 5329 2e0a 5468 6579 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 S)..They won't b\n-00006e90: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f77 2e0a e used for now..\n-00006ea0: 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 . You will nee\n-00006eb0: 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6469 7265 d to create dire\n-00006ec0: 6374 6f72 7920 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 ctory include/$c\n-00006ed0: 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 pu/$platform and\n-00006ee0: 2061 2066 696c 650a 696e 636c 7564 652f a file.include/\n-00006ef0: 2463 7075 2f74 7970 6573 2e68 2e20 2054 $cpu/types.h. T\n-00006f00: 6865 206c 6174 6572 2066 6f6c 6f77 696e he later folowin\n-00006f10: 6720 7468 6973 2074 656d 706c 6174 653a g this template:\n-00006f20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 6966 6e64 6566 2047 .. #ifndef G\n-00006f30: 5255 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 555f 4845 RUB_TYPES_CPU_HE\n-00006f40: 4144 4552 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e ADER. #defin\n-00006f50: 6520 4752 5542 5f54 5950 4553 5f43 5055 e GRUB_TYPES_CPU\n-00006f60: 5f48 4541 4445 5209 310a 0a20 2020 2020 _HEADER.1.. \n-00006f70: 2f2a 2054 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2076 /* The size of v\n-00006f80: 6f69 6420 2a2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 oid *. */. \n-00006f90: 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 #define GRUB_TAR\n-00006fa0: 4745 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 5f56 4f49 445f GET_SIZEOF_VOID_\n-00006fb0: 5009 340a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 6865 P.4.. /* The\n-00006fc0: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 206c 6f6e 672e 2020 size of long. \n-00006fd0: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 */. #define \n-00006fe0: 4752 5542 5f54 4152 4745 545f 5349 5a45 GRUB_TARGET_SIZE\n-00006ff0: 4f46 5f4c 4f4e 4709 0934 0a0a 2020 2020 OF_LONG..4.. \n-00007000: 202f 2a20 6d79 6370 7520 6973 2062 6967 /* mycpu is big\n-00007010: 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 -endian. */. \n-00007020: 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 #define GRUB_T\n-00007030: 4152 4745 545f 574f 5244 535f 4249 4745 ARGET_WORDS_BIGE\n-00007040: 4e44 4941 4e09 310a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 NDIAN.1. /* \n-00007050: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 793a 206d Alternatively: m\n-00007060: 7963 7075 2069 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 ycpu is little-e\n-00007070: 6e64 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ndian. */. \n-00007080: 2375 6e64 6566 2047 5255 425f 5441 5247 #undef GRUB_TARG\n-00007090: 4554 5f57 4f52 4453 5f42 4947 454e 4449 ET_WORDS_BIGENDI\n-000070a0: 414e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 656e 6469 6620 AN.. #endif \n-000070b0: 2f2a 2021 2047 5255 425f 5459 5045 535f /* ! 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It \n-00007140: 6361 6e20 6265 206a 7573 7420 636f 6d70 can be just comp\n-00007150: 6c65 7465 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2061 740a letely empty at.\n-00007160: 7468 6973 2073 7461 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 this stage... \n-00007170: 596f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d You'll need to m\n-00007180: 616b 6520 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ake grub-mkimage\n-00007190: 2e63 2028 7574 696c 2f67 7275 625f 6d6b .c (util/grub_mk\n-000071a0: 696d 6167 652e 6329 2061 7761 7265 206f image.c) aware o\n-000071b0: 6620 7468 650a 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 f the.needed for\n-000071c0: 6d61 742e 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 mat. 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OBJCOPY=..\n-00007300: 2e20 5354 5249 503d 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 . STRIP=.... \n-00007310: 206d 616b 6520 3e20 2f64 6576 2f6e 756c make > /dev/nul\n-00007320: 6c0a 0a20 2020 416e 6420 6372 6561 7465 l.. And create\n-00007330: 2069 6d61 6765 0a0a 2020 2020 202e 2f67 image.. ./g\n-00007340: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 2067 rub-mkimage -d g\n-00007350: 7275 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 6f72 rub-core -O $for\n-00007360: 6d61 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 2e69 mat_id -o test.i\n-00007370: 6d67 0a0a 2020 2041 6e64 2069 7427 7320 mg.. And it's \n-00007380: 7469 6d65 2074 6f20 7465 7374 2079 6f75 time to test you\n-00007390: 7220 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 2e0a 0a20 2020 r test.img... \n-000073a0: 4966 2069 7420 776f 726b 7320 6e65 7874 If it works next\n-000073b0: 2073 7461 6765 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 stage is to hav\n-000073c0: 6520 6865 6170 2c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 e heap, console \n-000073d0: 616e 6420 7469 6d65 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 and timer... 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T\n-00007470: 6865 6e20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 625f 6d6d hen call grub_mm\n-00007480: 5f69 6e69 745f 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 766f _init_region (vo\n-00007490: 6973 202a 7374 6172 742c 2067 7275 625f is *start, grub_\n-000074a0: 7369 7a65 5f74 2073 290a 666f 7220 6576 size_t s).for ev\n-000074b0: 6572 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7265 6769 ery of this regi\n-000074c0: 6f6e 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7368 6f72 7463 on. As a shortc\n-000074d0: 7574 2066 6f72 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6f72 ut for early por\n-000074e0: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 6c6f 6361 t you can alloca\n-000074f0: 7465 0a72 6967 6874 2061 6674 6572 205f te.right after _\n-00007500: 656e 6420 6f72 2068 6176 6520 6120 6269 end or have a bi\n-00007510: 6720 7374 6174 6963 2061 7272 6179 2066 g static array f\n-00007520: 6f72 2068 6561 702e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 or heap. If you\n-00007530: 2064 6f20 796f 7527 6c6c 0a70 726f 6261 do you'll.proba\n-00007540: 626c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6d65 bly need to come\n-00007550: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6869 7320 6c61 back to this la\n-00007560: 7465 722e 2020 4173 2066 6f72 206f 7574 ter. As for out\n-00007570: 7075 7420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 796f 750a put console you.\n-00007580: 7368 6f75 6c64 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 should distingui\n-00007590: 7368 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6172 sh between an ar\n-000075a0: 7261 7920 6f66 2074 6578 742c 2074 6572 ray of text, ter\n-000075b0: 6d69 6e66 6f20 6f72 2067 7261 7068 6963 minfo or graphic\n-000075c0: 732d 6261 7365 640a 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e s-based.console.\n-000075d0: 2020 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 7265 616c 2d77 Many of real-w\n-000075e0: 6f72 6c64 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 646f orld examples do\n-000075f0: 6e27 7420 6669 7420 7065 7266 6563 746c n't fit perfectl\n-00007600: 7920 696e 746f 2061 6e79 206f 660a 7468 y into any of.th\n-00007610: 6573 6520 6361 7465 676f 7269 6573 2062 ese categories b\n-00007620: 7574 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f ut one of the mo\n-00007630: 6465 6c73 2069 7320 6561 7369 6572 2074 dels is easier t\n-00007640: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2062 6173 o be used as bas\n-00007650: 652e 2020 496e 0a73 6563 6f6e 6420 616e e. In.second an\n-00007660: 6420 7468 6972 6420 6361 7365 2079 6f75 d third case you\n-00007670: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6164 6420 796f 7572 should add your\n-00007680: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6572 platform to ter\n-00007690: 6d69 6e66 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7265 7370 minfokernel.resp\n-000076a0: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2076 6964 656f 696e ectively videoin\n-000076b0: 6b65 726e 656c 2067 726f 7570 2e20 2041 kernel group. A\n-000076c0: 2067 6f6f 6420 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 good example of\n-000076d0: 2061 7272 6179 206f 6620 7465 7874 2069 array of text i\n-000076e0: 730a 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286b 6572 6e2f s.i386-pc (kern/\n-000076f0: 6933 3836 2f70 632f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 i386/pc/init.c a\n-00007700: 6e64 2074 6572 6d2f 6933 3836 2f70 632f nd term/i386/pc/\n-00007710: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 6329 2e20 204f 6620 console.c). 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Not\n-000077a0: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 e that terminfo \n-000077b0: 6861 730a 746f 2062 6520 696e 6974 6564 has.to be inited\n-000077c0: 2069 6e20 3220 7374 6167 6573 3a20 6f6e in 2 stages: on\n-000077d0: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2028 746f 2067 6574 e before (to get\n-000077e0: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7275 6469 6d65 at least rudime\n-000077f0: 6e74 6172 790a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6173 ntary.console as\n-00007800: 2065 6172 6c79 2061 7320 706f 7373 6962 early as possib\n-00007810: 6c65 2920 616e 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 le) and another \n-00007820: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6865 6170 2028 after the heap (\n-00007830: 746f 2067 6574 0a66 756c 6c2d 6665 6174 to get.full-feat\n-00007840: 7572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 ured console). \n-00007850: 466f 7220 7468 6520 696e 7075 7420 7468 For the input th\n-00007860: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7374 7269 6e67 206f ere are string o\n-00007870: 6620 6b65 7973 2c0a 7465 726d 696e 666f f keys,.terminfo\n-00007880: 2061 6e64 2064 6972 6563 7420 6861 7264 and direct hard\n-00007890: 7761 7265 2e20 2046 6f72 2073 7472 696e ware. 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Once these s\n-00007a10: 7465 7073 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6865 teps accomplishe\n-00007a20: 6420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6d6f 7665 d you can remove\n-00007a30: 2074 6865 2069 6e69 6669 6e69 7465 206c the inifinite l\n-00007a40: 6f6f 7020 616e 640a 796f 7520 7368 6f75 oop and.you shou\n-00007a50: 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6765 ld be able to ge\n-00007a60: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 616c t to the minimal\n-00007a70: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 204e 6578 7420 console. Next \n-00007a80: 7374 6570 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 650a step is to have.\n-00007a90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2077 module loading w\n-00007aa0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 orking. For thi\n-00007ab0: 7320 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f s you'll need to\n-00007ac0: 2066 696c 6c20 6b65 726e 2f24 6370 752f fill kern/$cpu/\n-00007ad0: 646c 2e63 2061 6e64 0a6b 6572 6e2f 2463 dl.c and.kern/$c\n-00007ae0: 7075 2f63 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 pu/cache.S with \n-00007af0: 7265 616c 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6f66 real handling of\n-00007b00: 2072 656c 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 relocations and\n-00007b10: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 7468 respectively th\n-00007b20: 650a 7265 616c 2073 796e 6320 6f66 2049 e.real sync of I\n-00007b30: 2061 6e64 2044 2063 6163 6865 732e 2020 and D caches. \n-00007b40: 416c 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6e65 6564 Also you'll need\n-00007b50: 2074 6f20 6465 6369 6465 2077 6865 7265 to decide where\n-00007b60: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 696d 6167 6520 746f in the.image to\n-00007b70: 2073 746f 7265 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c store the modul\n-00007b80: 6573 2e20 2055 7375 616c 2077 6179 2069 es. Usual way i\n-00007b90: 7320 746f 2068 6176 6520 6974 2063 6f6e s to have it con\n-00007ba0: 6361 7465 6e61 7465 6420 6174 2074 6865 catenated at the\n-00007bb0: 0a65 6e64 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 .end. In this c\n-00007bc0: 6173 6520 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 ase you'll need \n-00007bd0: 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7374 6172 7475 to modify startu\n-00007be0: 702e 5320 746f 2063 6f70 7920 6d6f 6475 p.S to copy modu\n-00007bf0: 6c65 7320 6f75 740a 6f66 2062 7373 2074 les out.of bss t\n-00007c00: 6f20 6c65 7427 7320 7361 7920 414c 4947 o let's say ALIG\n-00007c10: 4e5f 5550 2028 5f65 6e64 2c20 3829 2062 N_UP (_end, 8) b\n-00007c20: 6566 6f72 6520 636c 6561 6e69 6e67 206f efore cleaning o\n-00007c30: 7574 2062 7373 2e20 2059 6f75 276c 6c0a ut bss. You'll.\n-00007c40: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2066 696e 6420 7573 probably find us\n-00007c50: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 7461 eful to add tota\n-00007c60: 6c5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f73 697a 6520 6669 l_module_size fi\n-00007c70: 656c 6420 746f 2073 7461 7274 7570 2e53 eld to startup.S\n-00007c80: 2e20 496e 0a69 6e69 742e 6320 796f 7520 . In.init.c you \n-00007c90: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6772 7562 need to set grub\n-00007ca0: 5f6d 6f64 6261 7365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 _modbase to the \n-00007cb0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7768 6572 6520 6d6f address where mo\n-00007cc0: 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 0a66 6f75 dules can be.fou\n-00007cd0: 6e64 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 nd. You may nee\n-00007ce0: 6420 6772 7562 5f6d 6f64 756c 6573 5f67 d grub_modules_g\n-00007cf0: 6574 5f65 6e64 2028 2920 746f 2061 766f et_end () to avo\n-00007d00: 6964 2064 6563 6c61 7269 6e67 2074 6865 id declaring the\n-00007d10: 0a73 7061 6365 206f 6363 7570 6965 6420 .space occupied \n-00007d20: 6279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7320 7573 by modules as us\n-00007d30: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 702e 2020 able for heap. \n-00007d40: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 7374 206d 6f64 You can test mod\n-00007d50: 756c 6573 0a77 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 2020 ules.with:.. \n-00007d60: 202e 2f67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 ./grub-mkimage \n-00007d70: 2d64 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 -d grub-core -O \n-00007d80: 2466 6f72 6d61 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 $format_id -o te\n-00007d90: 7374 2e69 6d67 2068 656c 6c6f 0a0a 2020 st.img hello.. \n-00007da0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7275 6e6e 696e and then runnin\n-00007db0: 6720 2268 656c 6c6f 2220 696e 2074 6865 g \"hello\" in the\n-00007dc0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 shell... Once\n-00007dd0: 2074 6869 7320 776f 726b 732c 2079 6f75 this works, you\n-00007de0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7468 696e 6b20 6f66 should think of\n-00007df0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 696e 6720 6469 implementing di\n-00007e00: 736b 2061 6363 6573 732e 2020 4c6f 6f6b sk access. Look\n-00007e10: 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6469 736b 2f20 666f .around disk/ fo\n-00007e20: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 r examples... \n-00007e30: 5468 656e 2c20 7665 7279 2069 6d70 6f72 Then, very impor\n-00007e40: 7461 6e74 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 7072 6f62 tantly, you prob\n-00007e50: 6162 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6d70 ably need to imp\n-00007e60: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 lement the actua\n-00007e70: 6c0a 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 6578 616d 706c l.loader (exampl\n-00007e80: 6573 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 es available in \n-00007e90: 6c6f 6164 6572 2f29 0a0a 2020 204c 6173 loader/).. Las\n-00007ea0: 7420 7374 6570 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206d t step to have m\n-00007eb0: 696e 696d 616c 6c79 2075 7361 626c 6520 inimally usable \n-00007ec0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 746f 2061 6464 2073 port is to add s\n-00007ed0: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 2d69 upport to.grub-i\n-00007ee0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 7075 7420 4752 nstall to put GR\n-00007ef0: 5542 2069 6e20 6120 706c 6163 6520 7768 UB in a place wh\n-00007f00: 6572 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 ere firmware or \n-00007f10: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2077 696c 6c20 7069 platform will pi\n-00007f20: 636b 0a69 7420 7570 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e65 ck.it up... Ne\n-00007f30: 7874 2073 7465 7073 2061 7265 3a20 6669 xt steps are: fi\n-00007f40: 6c6c 696e 6720 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2e63 lling datetime.c\n-00007f50: 2c20 7365 746a 6d70 2e53 2c20 6e65 7477 , setjmp.S, netw\n-00007f60: 6f72 6b20 286e 6574 2f64 7269 7665 7273 ork (net/drivers\n-00007f70: 292c 0a76 6964 656f 2028 7669 6465 6f2f ),.video (video/\n-00007f80: 292c 2068 616c 7420 286c 6962 2f29 2c20 ), halt (lib/), \n-00007f90: 7265 626f 6f74 2028 6c69 622f 292e 0a0a reboot (lib/)...\n-00007fa0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6164 6420 796f Please add yo\n-00007fb0: 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2050 ur platform to P\n-00007fc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-00007fd0: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 5375 7070 6f72 7465 ons and Supporte\n-00007fe0: 640a 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6368 6170 7465 d.kernels chapte\n-00007ff0: 7220 696e 2075 7365 7220 646f 6375 6d65 r in user docume\n-00008000: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6d65 6e74 ntation and ment\n-00008010: 696f 6e20 616e 7920 7374 6570 7320 796f ion any steps yo\n-00008020: 7520 736b 6970 7065 640a 7768 6963 6820 u skipped.which \n-00008030: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6475 6365 result in reduce\n-00008040: 6420 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 7220 7065 d features or pe\n-00008050: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652e 2020 4865 7265 rformance. Here\n-00008060: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7175 6963 6b0a 6368 is the quick.ch\n-00008070: 6563 6b6c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6561 7475 ecklist of featu\n-00008080: 7265 732e 2020 536f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 res. Some of th\n-00008090: 656d 2061 7265 206c 6573 7320 696d 706f em are less impo\n-000080a0: 7274 616e 7420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 rtant than other\n-000080b0: 7320 616e 640a 736b 6970 7069 6e67 2074 s and.skipping t\n-000080c0: 6865 6d20 6973 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c hem is completel\n-000080d0: 7920 6f6b 2c20 6a75 7374 206e 6565 6473 y ok, just needs\n-000080e0: 2074 6f20 6265 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 to be mentioned\n-000080f0: 2069 6e20 7573 6572 0a64 6f63 756d 656e in user.documen\n-00008100: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6563 tation... Chec\n-00008110: 6b6c 6973 743a 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 2068 klist:. * Is h\n-00008120: 6561 7020 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 3f0a eap big enough?.\n-00008130: 2020 202a 2057 6869 6368 2063 6861 7273 * Which chars\n-00008140: 6574 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 et is supported \n-00008150: 6279 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3f0a 2020 202a by console?. *\n-00008160: 2044 6f65 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 Does platform h\n-00008170: 6176 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 723f ave disk driver?\n-00008180: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . * Do you hav\n-00008190: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 2073 e network card s\n-000081a0: 7570 706f 7274 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 7265 upport?. * Are\n-000081b0: 2079 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6574 you able to ret\n-000081c0: 7269 6576 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 rieve datetime (\n-000081d0: 7769 7468 2064 6174 6529 3f0a 2020 202a with date)?. *\n-000081e0: 2041 7265 2079 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f Are you able to\n-000081f0: 2073 6574 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2877 set datetime (w\n-00008200: 6974 6820 6461 7465 293f 0a20 2020 2a20 ith date)?. * \n-00008210: 4973 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 Is serial suppor\n-00008220: 7465 643f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 ted?. * Do you\n-00008230: 2068 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 2064 6973 have direct dis\n-00008240: 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 k support?. * \n-00008250: 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6469 7265 Do you have dire\n-00008260: 6374 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 ct keyboard supp\n-00008270: 6f72 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 ort?. * Do you\n-00008280: 2068 6176 6520 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 have USB suppor\n-00008290: 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 t?. * Do you s\n-000082a0: 7570 706f 7274 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 upport loading t\n-000082b0: 6872 6f75 6768 206e 6574 776f 726b 3f0a hrough network?.\n-000082c0: 2020 202a 2044 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 * Do you supp\n-000082d0: 6f72 7420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d ort loading from\n-000082e0: 2064 6973 6b3f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 disk?. * Do y\n-000082f0: 6f75 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6861 696e ou support chain\n-00008300: 6c6f 6164 696e 673f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f loading?. * Do\n-00008310: 2079 6f75 2073 7570 706f 7274 206e 6574 you support net\n-00008320: 776f 726b 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e work chainloadin\n-00008330: 673f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 6573 2063 7075 g?. * Does cpu\n-00008340: 6964 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 7570 706f id command suppo\n-00008350: 7274 7320 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2061 6c6c rts checking all\n-00008360: 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7468 CPU features th\n-00008370: 6174 2074 6865 2075 7365 720a 2020 2020 at the user. \n-00008380: 206d 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 636f 6e64 might want cond\n-00008390: 6974 696f 6e61 6c69 7365 206f 6e20 2836 itionalise on (6\n-000083a0: 342d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 6879 7065 4-bit mode, hype\n-000083b0: 7276 6973 6f72 2c2e 2e2e 290a 2020 202a rvisor,...). *\n-000083c0: 2044 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 Do you support \n-000083d0: 6869 6e74 733f 2020 486f 7720 7265 6c69 hints? How reli\n-000083e0: 6162 6c65 2061 7265 2074 6865 793f 0a20 able are they?. \n-000083f0: 2020 2a20 446f 6573 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 * Does platfor\n-00008400: 6d20 6861 7665 2041 4350 493f 2049 6620 m have ACPI? If \n-00008410: 736f 2064 6f20 2261 6370 6922 2061 6e64 so do \"acpi\" and\n-00008420: 2022 6c73 6163 7069 2220 6d6f 6475 6c65 \"lsacpi\" module\n-00008430: 7320 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f20 s work?. * Do \n-00008440: 616e 7920 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d any of platform-\n-00008450: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n-00008460: 6f6e 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 696e ons mentioned in\n-00008470: 2074 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 740a 2020 the relevant. \n-00008480: 2020 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7573 section of us\n-00008490: 6572 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6d61 6b65 7320 er manual makes \n-000084a0: 7365 6e73 6520 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 706c sense on your pl\n-000084b0: 6174 666f 726d 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f65 atform?. * Doe\n-000084c0: 7320 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 s your platform \n-000084d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 5043 493f 2049 6620 support PCI? If \n-000084e0: 736f 2069 7320 7468 6572 6520 616e 2061 so is there an a\n-000084f0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ppropriate. \n-00008500: 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423f driver for GRUB?\n-00008510: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 . * Do you sup\n-00008520: 706f 7274 2062 6164 7261 6d3f 0a0a 1f0a port badram?....\n-00008530: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n-00008540: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4572 726f nfo, Node: Erro\n-00008550: 7220 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 r Handling, Nex\n-00008560: 743a 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 t: Stack and hea\n-00008570: 7020 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 p size, Prev: P\n-00008580: 6f72 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 orting, Up: Top\n-00008590: 0a0a 3720 4572 726f 7220 4861 6e64 6c69 ..7 Error Handli\n-000085a0: 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ng.*************\n-000085b0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a45 7272 6f72 2068 616e 646c ***..Error handl\n-000085c0: 696e 6720 696e 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 ing in GRUB 2 is\n-000085d0: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 based on except\n-000085e0: 696f 6e20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 206d 6f64 ion handling mod\n-000085f0: 656c 2e20 2041 7320 430a 6c61 6e67 7561 el. As C.langua\n-00008600: 6765 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2064 6972 6563 ge doesn't direc\n-00008610: 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6578 6365 tly support exce\n-00008620: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 6578 6365 7074 696f ptions, exceptio\n-00008630: 6e20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a62 6568 6176 n handling.behav\n-00008640: 696f 7220 6973 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 6420 ior is emulated \n-00008650: 696e 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 in software... \n-00008660: 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 When exception \n-00008670: 6973 2072 6169 7365 642c 2066 756e 6374 is raised, funct\n-00008680: 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ion must return \n-00008690: 746f 2063 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 to calling funct\n-000086a0: 696f 6e2e 0a49 6620 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 ion..If calling \n-000086b0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f function does no\n-000086c0: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 t provide handli\n-000086d0: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 ng of the except\n-000086e0: 696f 6e20 6974 206d 7573 740a 7265 7475 ion it must.retu\n-000086f0: 726e 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2069 7473 2063 rn back to its c\n-00008700: 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 alling function \n-00008710: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2c 2075 6e74 696c and so on, until\n-00008720: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6861 exception is.ha\n-00008730: 6e64 6c65 642e 2020 4966 2065 7863 6570 ndled. If excep\n-00008740: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 6e64 tion is not hand\n-00008750: 6c65 6420 6265 666f 7265 2070 726f 6d70 led before promp\n-00008760: 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2c20 t is displayed, \n-00008770: 6572 726f 720a 6d65 7373 6167 6520 7769 error.message wi\n-00008780: 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 ll be shown to u\n-00008790: 7365 722e 0a0a 2020 2045 7863 6570 7469 ser... Excepti\n-000087a0: 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 on information i\n-000087b0: 7320 7374 6f72 6564 206f 6e20 2767 7275 s stored on 'gru\n-000087c0: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 b_errno' global \n-000087d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 660a 2767 variable. If.'g\n-000087e0: 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2076 6172 6961 rub_errno' varia\n-000087f0: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c ble contains val\n-00008800: 7565 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e ue 'GRUB_ERR_NON\n-00008810: 4527 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 E', there is no \n-00008820: 6163 7469 7665 0a65 7863 6570 7469 6f6e active.exception\n-00008830: 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e and application\n-00008840: 2063 616e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 6e6f can continue no\n-00008850: 726d 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e rmal processing.\n-00008860: 2020 5768 656e 0a27 6772 7562 5f65 7272 When.'grub_err\n-00008870: 6e6f 2720 6861 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7661 no' has other va\n-00008880: 6c75 652c 2069 7420 6973 2072 6571 7569 lue, it is requi\n-00008890: 7265 6420 7468 6174 2061 7070 6c69 6361 red that applica\n-000088a0: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f64 650a 6569 7468 6572 tion code.either\n-000088b0: 2068 616e 646c 6573 2074 6869 7320 6572 handles this er\n-000088c0: 726f 7220 6f72 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2069 ror or returns i\n-000088d0: 6e73 7461 6e74 6c79 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c nstantly to call\n-000088e0: 6572 2e20 2049 6620 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e er. If function\n-000088f0: 0a69 7320 7769 7468 2072 6574 7572 6e20 .is with return \n-00008900: 7479 7065 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 type 'grub_err_t\n-00008910: 2720 6973 2061 626f 7574 2074 6f20 7265 ' is about to re\n-00008920: 7475 726e 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e turn 'GRUB_ERR_N\n-00008930: 4f4e 4527 2c20 6974 0a73 686f 756c 6420 ONE', it.should \n-00008940: 6e6f 7420 7365 7420 2767 7275 625f 6572 not set 'grub_er\n-00008950: 726e 6f27 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2076 616c rno' to that val\n-00008960: 7565 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7365 7420 2767 ue. Only set 'g\n-00008970: 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2069 6e0a 6361 rub_errno' in.ca\n-00008980: 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6572 6520 ses where there \n-00008990: 6973 2065 7272 6f72 2073 6974 7561 7469 is error situati\n-000089a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5369 6d70 6c65 2065 on... Simple e\n-000089b0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 7761 7264 xception forward\n-000089c0: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 er.. grub_er\n-000089d0: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 r_t. forward\n-000089e0: 696e 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2876 6f69 ing_example (voi\n-000089f0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 d). {. \n-00008a00: 202f 2a20 4361 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f /* Call functio\n-00008a10: 6e20 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2063 6175 n that might cau\n-00008a20: 7365 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a se exception. *\n-00008a30: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f6f 6261 7220 /. foobar \n-00008a40: 2829 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204e ();.. /* N\n-00008a50: 6f20 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6578 6365 7074 o special except\n-00008a60: 696f 6e20 6861 6e64 6c65 722c 206a 7573 ion handler, jus\n-00008a70: 7420 666f 7277 6172 6420 706f 7373 6962 t forward possib\n-00008a80: 6c65 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 le exceptions. \n-00008a90: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 */. if (gr\n-00008aa0: 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 4752 5542 ub_errno != GRUB\n-00008ab0: 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 _ERR_NONE). \n-00008ac0: 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00008ad0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 return grub_err\n-00008ae0: 6e6f 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a0a no;. }..\n-00008af0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c 6c20 6973 /* All is\n-00008b00: 204f 4b2c 2064 6f20 6d6f 7265 2070 726f OK, do more pro\n-00008b10: 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 2a2f 0a0a 2020 cessing. */.. \n-00008b20: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5265 7475 726e 204f /* Return O\n-00008b30: 4b20 7369 676e 616c 2c20 746f 2063 616c K signal, to cal\n-00008b40: 6c65 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ler. */. \n-00008b50: 7265 7475 726e 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f return GRUB_ERR_\n-00008b60: 4e4f 4e45 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 NONE;. }.. \n-00008b70: 2045 7272 6f72 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Error reporting\n-00008b80: 2068 6173 2074 776f 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 has two compone\n-00008b90: 6e74 732c 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 nts, the actual \n-00008ba0: 6572 726f 7220 636f 6465 2028 6f66 2074 error code (of t\n-00008bb0: 7970 650a 2767 7275 625f 6572 725f 7427 ype.'grub_err_t'\n-00008bc0: 2920 616e 6420 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6d65 ) and textual me\n-00008bd0: 7373 6167 6520 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 ssage that will \n-00008be0: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2074 6f20 be displayed to \n-00008bf0: 7573 6572 2e20 204c 6973 740a 6f66 2076 user. List.of v\n-00008c00: 616c 6964 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 6573 alid error codes\n-00008c10: 2069 7320 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6865 is listed in he\n-00008c20: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2769 6e63 6c75 ader file 'inclu\n-00008c30: 6465 2f67 7275 622f 6572 722e 6827 2e0a de/grub/err.h'..\n-00008c40: 5465 7874 7561 6c20 6572 726f 7220 6d65 Textual error me\n-00008c50: 7373 6167 6520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 ssage can contai\n-00008c60: 6e20 616e 7920 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6461 n any textual da\n-00008c70: 7461 2e20 2041 7420 7469 6d65 206f 6620 ta. At time of \n-00008c80: 7772 6974 696e 672c 0a65 7272 6f72 206d writing,.error m\n-00008c90: 6573 7361 6765 2063 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 essage can conta\n-00008ca0: 696e 2075 7020 746f 2032 3536 2063 6861 in up to 256 cha\n-00008cb0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 racters (includi\n-00008cc0: 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 0a4e ng terminating.N\n-00008cd0: 554c 292e 2054 6f20 6561 7365 2065 7272 UL). To ease err\n-00008ce0: 6f72 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6865 or reporting the\n-00008cf0: 7265 2069 7320 6120 6865 6c70 6572 2066 re is a helper f\n-00008d00: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2767 7275 625f 6572 unction 'grub_er\n-00008d10: 726f 7227 0a74 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 ror'.that allows\n-00008d20: 2065 6173 6965 7220 666f 726d 6174 7469 easier formatti\n-00008d30: 6e67 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 ng of error mess\n-00008d40: 6167 6573 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 ages and should \n-00008d50: 6265 2075 7365 640a 696e 7374 6561 6420 be used.instead \n-00008d60: 6f66 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 of writing direc\n-00008d70: 746c 7920 746f 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 tly to global va\n-00008d80: 7269 6162 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 riables... Exa\n-00008d90: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 7265 mple of error re\n-00008da0: 706f 7274 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6772 porting.. gr\n-00008db0: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 6661 ub_err_t. fa\n-00008dc0: 696c 696e 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2829 iling_example ()\n-00008dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 . {. r\n-00008de0: 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 eturn grub_error\n-00008df0: 2028 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f46 494c 455f (GRUB_ERR_FILE_\n-00008e00: 4e4f 545f 464f 554e 442c 0a20 2020 2020 NOT_FOUND,. \n+00006b40: 2022 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 \"mips_qemu_mips\n+00006b50: 222c 2022 7333 3930 5f6d 6169 6e66 7261 \", \"s390_mainfra\n+00006b60: 6d65 2220 5d0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 6d61 me\" ].. You ma\n+00006b70: 7920 616c 736f 2077 616e 7420 616c 7265 y also want alre\n+00006b80: 6164 7920 746f 2061 6464 206e 6577 2070 ady to add new p\n+00006b90: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 206f 6e65 206f latform to one o\n+00006ba0: 7220 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6f66 0a61 7661 r several of.ava\n+00006bb0: 696c 6162 6c65 2067 726f 7570 732e 2020 ilable groups. \n+00006bc0: 496e 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 7765 In particular we\n+00006bd0: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6861 7665 2061 2067 always have a g\n+00006be0: 726f 7570 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4350 roup for each CP\n+00006bf0: 550a 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 U.even when only\n+00006c00: 206f 6e65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f one platform fo\n+00006c10: 7220 6769 7665 6e20 4350 5520 6973 2061 r given CPU is a\n+00006c20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 vailable... Th\n+00006c30: 656e 2063 6f6d 6573 2067 7275 622d 636f en comes grub-co\n+00006c40: 7265 2f4d 616b 6566 696c 652e 636f 7265 re/Makefile.core\n+00006c50: 2e64 6566 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 626c .def. In the bl\n+00006c60: 6f63 6b20 226b 6572 6e65 6c22 2079 6f75 ock \"kernel\" you\n+00006c70: 276c 6c0a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 'll.need to defi\n+00006c80: 6e65 206c 6466 6c61 6773 2066 6f72 2079 ne ldflags for y\n+00006c90: 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2028 2463 our platform ($c\n+00006ca0: 7075 5f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 5f6c 6466 pu_$platform_ldf\n+00006cb0: 6c61 6773 292e 2020 596f 750a 616c 736f lags). You.also\n+00006cc0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 need to declare\n+00006cd0: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2061 736d 2066 696c startup asm fil\n+00006ce0: 6520 2824 6370 755f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 e ($cpu_$platfor\n+00006cf0: 6d5f 7374 6172 7475 7029 2061 7320 7765 m_startup) as we\n+00006d00: 6c6c 0a61 7320 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ll.as any other \n+00006d10: 6669 6c65 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2069 6e69 files (e.g. ini\n+00006d20: 742e 6320 616e 6420 6361 6c6c 7772 6170 t.c and callwrap\n+00006d30: 2e53 2920 2865 2e67 2e20 2024 6370 755f .S) (e.g. $cpu_\n+00006d40: 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 3d0a 6b65 726e $platform =.kern\n+00006d50: 2f24 6370 752f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2f /$cpu/$platform/\n+00006d60: 696e 6974 2e63 292e 2020 4174 2074 6869 init.c). At thi\n+00006d70: 7320 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 7769 6c6c s stage you will\n+00006d80: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6164 also need to ad\n+00006d90: 640a 6475 6d6d 7920 646c 2e63 2061 6e64 d.dummy dl.c and\n+00006da0: 2063 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 6675 cache.S with fu\n+00006db0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6772 7562 5f65 7272 nctions grub_err\n+00006dc0: 5f74 0a67 7275 625f 6172 6368 5f64 6c5f _t.grub_arch_dl_\n+00006dd0: 6368 6563 6b5f 6865 6164 6572 2028 766f check_header (vo\n+00006de0: 6964 202a 6568 6472 292c 2067 7275 625f id *ehdr), grub_\n+00006df0: 6572 725f 740a 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f err_t.grub_arch_\n+00006e00: 646c 5f72 656c 6f63 6174 655f 7379 6d62 dl_relocate_symb\n+00006e10: 6f6c 7320 2867 7275 625f 646c 5f74 206d ols (grub_dl_t m\n+00006e20: 6f64 2c20 766f 6964 202a 6568 6472 2920 od, void *ehdr) \n+00006e30: 2864 6c2e 6329 2061 6e64 0a76 6f69 6420 (dl.c) and.void \n+00006e40: 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f 7379 6e63 5f63 grub_arch_sync_c\n+00006e50: 6163 6865 7320 2876 6f69 6420 2a61 6464 aches (void *add\n+00006e60: 7265 7373 2c20 6772 7562 5f73 697a 655f ress, grub_size_\n+00006e70: 7420 6c65 6e29 2028 6361 6368 652e 5329 t len) (cache.S)\n+00006e80: 2e0a 5468 6579 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 ..They won't be \n+00006e90: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f77 2e0a 0a20 used for now... \n+00006ea0: 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 You will need \n+00006eb0: 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 to create direct\n+00006ec0: 6f72 7920 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 7075 ory include/$cpu\n+00006ed0: 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2061 /$platform and a\n+00006ee0: 2066 696c 650a 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 file.include/$c\n+00006ef0: 7075 2f74 7970 6573 2e68 2e20 2054 6865 pu/types.h. The\n+00006f00: 206c 6174 6572 2066 6f6c 6f77 696e 6720 later folowing \n+00006f10: 7468 6973 2074 656d 706c 6174 653a 0a0a this template:..\n+00006f20: 2020 2020 2023 6966 6e64 6566 2047 5255 #ifndef GRU\n+00006f30: 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 555f 4845 4144 B_TYPES_CPU_HEAD\n+00006f40: 4552 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 ER. #define \n+00006f50: 4752 5542 5f54 5950 4553 5f43 5055 5f48 GRUB_TYPES_CPU_H\n+00006f60: 4541 4445 5209 310a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a EADER.1.. /*\n+00006f70: 2054 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2076 6f69 The size of voi\n+00006f80: 6420 2a2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2364 d *. */. #d\n+00006f90: 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 4745 efine GRUB_TARGE\n+00006fa0: 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 5f56 4f49 445f 5009 T_SIZEOF_VOID_P.\n+00006fb0: 340a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 6865 2073 4.. /* The s\n+00006fc0: 697a 6520 6f66 206c 6f6e 672e 2020 2a2f ize of long. */\n+00006fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 . #define GR\n+00006fe0: 5542 5f54 4152 4745 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 UB_TARGET_SIZEOF\n+00006ff0: 5f4c 4f4e 4709 0934 0a0a 2020 2020 202f _LONG..4.. /\n+00007000: 2a20 6d79 6370 7520 6973 2062 6967 2d65 * mycpu is big-e\n+00007010: 6e64 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ndian. */. \n+00007020: 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 #define GRUB_TAR\n+00007030: 4745 545f 574f 5244 535f 4249 4745 4e44 GET_WORDS_BIGEND\n+00007040: 4941 4e09 310a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c IAN.1. /* Al\n+00007050: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 793a 206d 7963 ternatively: myc\n+00007060: 7075 2069 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 pu is little-end\n+00007070: 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2375 ian. */. #u\n+00007080: 6e64 6566 2047 5255 425f 5441 5247 4554 ndef GRUB_TARGET\n+00007090: 5f57 4f52 4453 5f42 4947 454e 4449 414e _WORDS_BIGENDIAN\n+000070a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 656e 6469 6620 2f2a .. #endif /*\n+000070b0: 2021 2047 5255 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 ! GRUB_TYPES_CP\n+000070c0: 555f 4845 4144 4552 202a 2f0a 0a20 2020 U_HEADER */.. \n+000070d0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 You will also ne\n+000070e0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6475 6d6d ed to add a dumm\n+000070f0: 7920 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6461 7465 7469 y file to dateti\n+00007100: 6d65 2061 6e64 2073 6574 6a6d 7020 6d6f me and setjmp mo\n+00007110: 6475 6c65 730a 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 dules.to avoid a\n+00007120: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 2068 6176 696e 6720 ny of it having \n+00007130: 6e6f 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6361 no files. It ca\n+00007140: 6e20 6265 206a 7573 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 n be just comple\n+00007150: 7465 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2061 740a 7468 tely empty at.th\n+00007160: 6973 2073 7461 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 596f is stage... Yo\n+00007170: 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b u'll need to mak\n+00007180: 6520 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 2e63 e grub-mkimage.c\n+00007190: 2028 7574 696c 2f67 7275 625f 6d6b 696d (util/grub_mkim\n+000071a0: 6167 652e 6329 2061 7761 7265 206f 6620 age.c) aware of \n+000071b0: 7468 650a 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 the.needed forma\n+000071c0: 742e 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6d t. For most com\n+000071d0: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 monly used forma\n+000071e0: 7473 206c 696b 6520 454c 462c 2050 452c ts like ELF, PE,\n+000071f0: 2061 6f75 7420 6f72 2072 6177 0a74 6865 aout or raw.the\n+00007200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 616c 7265 support is alre\n+00007210: 6164 7920 7072 6573 656e 7420 616e 6420 ady present and \n+00007220: 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d you'll need to m\n+00007230: 616b 6520 6974 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 ake it follow th\n+00007240: 650a 6578 6973 7461 6e74 2063 6f64 6520 e.existant code \n+00007250: 7061 7468 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2070 paths for your p\n+00007260: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6164 6469 6e67 2061 latform adding a\n+00007270: 646a 7573 746d 656e 7473 2069 6620 6e65 djustments if ne\n+00007280: 6365 7373 6172 792e 0a57 6865 6e20 646f cessary..When do\n+00007290: 6e65 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 ne compile:.. \n+000072a0: 2020 2e2f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 700a 2020 ./bootstrap. \n+000072b0: 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 202d ./configure -\n+000072c0: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 2463 7075 202d 2d77 -target=$cpu --w\n+000072d0: 6974 682d 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d24 706c ith-platform=$pl\n+000072e0: 6174 666f 726d 2054 4152 4745 545f 4343 atform TARGET_CC\n+000072f0: 3d2e 2e20 4f42 4a43 4f50 593d 2e2e 2e20 =.. OBJCOPY=... \n+00007300: 5354 5249 503d 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 206d STRIP=.... m\n+00007310: 616b 6520 3e20 2f64 6576 2f6e 756c 6c0a ake > /dev/null.\n+00007320: 0a20 2020 416e 6420 6372 6561 7465 2069 . And create i\n+00007330: 6d61 6765 0a0a 2020 2020 202e 2f67 7275 mage.. ./gru\n+00007340: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 2067 7275 b-mkimage -d gru\n+00007350: 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 6f72 6d61 b-core -O $forma\n+00007360: 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 t_id -o test.img\n+00007370: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e64 2069 7427 7320 7469 .. And it's ti\n+00007380: 6d65 2074 6f20 7465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 me to test your \n+00007390: 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 test.img... If\n+000073a0: 2069 7420 776f 726b 7320 6e65 7874 2073 it works next s\n+000073b0: 7461 6765 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 6520 tage is to have \n+000073c0: 6865 6170 2c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e heap, console an\n+000073d0: 6420 7469 6d65 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 d timer... To \n+000073e0: 6861 7665 2074 6865 2068 6561 7020 776f have the heap wo\n+000073f0: 726b 696e 6720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 rking you need t\n+00007400: 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 o determine whic\n+00007410: 6820 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7375 h regions are.su\n+00007420: 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 7020 itable for heap \n+00007430: 7573 6167 652c 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6520 usage, allocate \n+00007440: 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 them from firmwa\n+00007450: 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6170 2028 6966 0a61 re and map (if.a\n+00007460: 7070 6c69 6361 626c 6529 2e20 2054 6865 pplicable). The\n+00007470: 6e20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 625f 6d6d 5f69 n call grub_mm_i\n+00007480: 6e69 745f 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 766f 6973 nit_region (vois\n+00007490: 202a 7374 6172 742c 2067 7275 625f 7369 *start, grub_si\n+000074a0: 7a65 5f74 2073 290a 666f 7220 6576 6572 ze_t s).for ever\n+000074b0: 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7265 6769 6f6e y of this region\n+000074c0: 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7368 6f72 7463 7574 . As a shortcut\n+000074d0: 2066 6f72 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6f72 7420 for early port \n+000074e0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 you can allocate\n+000074f0: 0a72 6967 6874 2061 6674 6572 205f 656e .right after _en\n+00007500: 6420 6f72 2068 6176 6520 6120 6269 6720 d or have a big \n+00007510: 7374 6174 6963 2061 7272 6179 2066 6f72 static array for\n+00007520: 2068 6561 702e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 heap. If you d\n+00007530: 6f20 796f 7527 6c6c 0a70 726f 6261 626c o you'll.probabl\n+00007540: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6d65 2062 y need to come b\n+00007550: 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7465 ack to this late\n+00007560: 722e 2020 4173 2066 6f72 206f 7574 7075 r. As for outpu\n+00007570: 7420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 796f 750a 7368 t console you.sh\n+00007580: 6f75 6c64 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 ould distinguish\n+00007590: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6172 7261 between an arra\n+000075a0: 7920 6f66 2074 6578 742c 2074 6572 6d69 y of text, termi\n+000075b0: 6e66 6f20 6f72 2067 7261 7068 6963 732d nfo or graphics-\n+000075c0: 6261 7365 640a 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 based.console. \n+000075d0: 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 7265 616c 2d77 6f72 Many of real-wor\n+000075e0: 6c64 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 646f 6e27 ld examples don'\n+000075f0: 7420 6669 7420 7065 7266 6563 746c 7920 t fit perfectly \n+00007600: 696e 746f 2061 6e79 206f 660a 7468 6573 into any of.thes\n+00007610: 6520 6361 7465 676f 7269 6573 2062 7574 e categories but\n+00007620: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 one of the mode\n+00007630: 6c73 2069 7320 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ls is easier to \n+00007640: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2062 6173 652e be used as base.\n+00007650: 2020 496e 0a73 6563 6f6e 6420 616e 6420 In.second and \n+00007660: 7468 6972 6420 6361 7365 2079 6f75 2073 third case you s\n+00007670: 686f 756c 6420 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 hould add your p\n+00007680: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 latform to termi\n+00007690: 6e66 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7265 7370 6563 nfokernel.respec\n+000076a0: 7469 7665 6c79 2076 6964 656f 696e 6b65 tively videoinke\n+000076b0: 726e 656c 2067 726f 7570 2e20 2041 2067 rnel group. A g\n+000076c0: 6f6f 6420 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2061 ood example of a\n+000076d0: 7272 6179 206f 6620 7465 7874 2069 730a rray of text is.\n+000076e0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286b 6572 6e2f 6933 i386-pc (kern/i3\n+000076f0: 3836 2f70 632f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 86/pc/init.c and\n+00007700: 2074 6572 6d2f 6933 3836 2f70 632f 636f term/i386/pc/co\n+00007710: 6e73 6f6c 652e 6329 2e20 204f 6620 7465 nsole.c). Of te\n+00007720: 726d 696e 666f 0a69 7320 6965 6565 3132 rminfo.is ieee12\n+00007730: 3735 2028 6b65 726e 2f69 6565 6531 3237 75 (kern/ieee127\n+00007740: 352f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 2074 6572 5/init.c and ter\n+00007750: 6d2f 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f63 6f6e 736f m/ieee1275/conso\n+00007760: 6c65 2e63 292e 2020 4f66 0a76 6964 656f le.c). Of.video\n+00007770: 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 6b65 is loongson (ke\n+00007780: 726e 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e rn/mips/loongson\n+00007790: 2f69 6e69 742e 6329 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 /init.c). Note \n+000077a0: 7468 6174 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6861 that terminfo ha\n+000077b0: 730a 746f 2062 6520 696e 6974 6564 2069 s.to be inited i\n+000077c0: 6e20 3220 7374 6167 6573 3a20 6f6e 6520 n 2 stages: one \n+000077d0: 6265 666f 7265 2028 746f 2067 6574 2061 before (to get a\n+000077e0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7275 6469 6d65 6e74 t least rudiment\n+000077f0: 6172 790a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6173 2065 ary.console as e\n+00007800: 6172 6c79 2061 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 arly as possible\n+00007810: 2920 616e 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6166 ) and another af\n+00007820: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6865 6170 2028 746f ter the heap (to\n+00007830: 2067 6574 0a66 756c 6c2d 6665 6174 7572 get.full-featur\n+00007840: 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 466f ed console). Fo\n+00007850: 7220 7468 6520 696e 7075 7420 7468 6572 r the input ther\n+00007860: 6520 6172 6520 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 e are string of \n+00007870: 6b65 7973 2c0a 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 keys,.terminfo a\n+00007880: 6e64 2064 6972 6563 7420 6861 7264 7761 nd direct hardwa\n+00007890: 7265 2e20 2046 6f72 2073 7472 696e 6720 re. For string \n+000078a0: 6f66 206b 6579 7320 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 of keys look at \n+000078b0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 2873 616d 650a 6669 i386-pc (same.fi\n+000078c0: 6c65 7329 2c20 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e les), for termin\n+000078d0: 666f 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 2873 616d fo ieee1275 (sam\n+000078e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7329 2061 6e64 2066 6f72 e files) and for\n+000078f0: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 6c6f 6f6e 6773 hardware loongs\n+00007900: 6f6e 0a28 6b65 726e 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f on.(kern/mips/lo\n+00007910: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2f69 6e69 742e 6320 616e ongson/init.c an\n+00007920: 6420 7465 726d 2f61 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 d term/at_keyboa\n+00007930: 7264 2e63 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2074 rd.c)... For t\n+00007940: 6865 2074 696d 6572 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 he timer you'll \n+00007950: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 need to call gru\n+00007960: 625f 696e 7374 616c 6c5f 6765 745f 7469 b_install_get_ti\n+00007970: 6d65 5f6d 7320 282e 2e2e 290a 7769 7468 me_ms (...).with\n+00007980: 2061 7320 736f 6c65 2061 7267 756d 656e as sole argumen\n+00007990: 7420 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 t a function ret\n+000079a0: 7572 6e69 6e67 2061 2067 7275 625f 7569 urning a grub_ui\n+000079b0: 6e74 3634 5f74 206f 6620 6120 6e75 6d62 nt64_t of a numb\n+000079c0: 6572 0a6f 6620 6d69 6c6c 6973 6563 6f6e er.of millisecon\n+000079d0: 6473 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2073 696e 6365 ds elapsed since\n+000079e0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 2070 6f69 6e74 arbitrary point\n+000079f0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7374 2e0a 0a20 in the past... \n+00007a00: 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 6865 7365 2073 7465 Once these ste\n+00007a10: 7073 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6865 6420 ps accomplished \n+00007a20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 you can remove t\n+00007a30: 6865 2069 6e69 6669 6e69 7465 206c 6f6f he inifinite loo\n+00007a40: 7020 616e 640a 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 p and.you should\n+00007a50: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6765 7420 be able to get \n+00007a60: 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 616c 2063 to the minimal c\n+00007a70: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 204e 6578 7420 7374 onsole. Next st\n+00007a80: 6570 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 650a 6d6f ep is to have.mo\n+00007a90: 6475 6c65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2077 6f72 dule loading wor\n+00007aa0: 6b69 6e67 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 king. For this \n+00007ab0: 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 2066 you'll need to f\n+00007ac0: 696c 6c20 6b65 726e 2f24 6370 752f 646c ill kern/$cpu/dl\n+00007ad0: 2e63 2061 6e64 0a6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 .c and.kern/$cpu\n+00007ae0: 2f63 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 7265 /cache.S with re\n+00007af0: 616c 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6f66 2072 al handling of r\n+00007b00: 656c 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 elocations and r\n+00007b10: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 7468 650a espectively the.\n+00007b20: 7265 616c 2073 796e 6320 6f66 2049 2061 real sync of I a\n+00007b30: 6e64 2044 2063 6163 6865 732e 2020 416c nd D caches. Al\n+00007b40: 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 so you'll need t\n+00007b50: 6f20 6465 6369 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 o decide where i\n+00007b60: 6e20 7468 650a 696d 6167 6520 746f 2073 n the.image to s\n+00007b70: 746f 7265 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 tore the modules\n+00007b80: 2e20 2055 7375 616c 2077 6179 2069 7320 . Usual way is \n+00007b90: 746f 2068 6176 6520 6974 2063 6f6e 6361 to have it conca\n+00007ba0: 7465 6e61 7465 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a65 tenated at the.e\n+00007bb0: 6e64 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 nd. In this cas\n+00007bc0: 6520 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f e you'll need to\n+00007bd0: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7374 6172 7475 702e modify startup.\n+00007be0: 5320 746f 2063 6f70 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 S to copy module\n+00007bf0: 7320 6f75 740a 6f66 2062 7373 2074 6f20 s out.of bss to \n+00007c00: 6c65 7427 7320 7361 7920 414c 4947 4e5f let's say ALIGN_\n+00007c10: 5550 2028 5f65 6e64 2c20 3829 2062 6566 UP (_end, 8) bef\n+00007c20: 6f72 6520 636c 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 7574 ore cleaning out\n+00007c30: 2062 7373 2e20 2059 6f75 276c 6c0a 7072 bss. You'll.pr\n+00007c40: 6f62 6162 6c79 2066 696e 6420 7573 6566 obably find usef\n+00007c50: 756c 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 7461 6c5f ul to add total_\n+00007c60: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f73 697a 6520 6669 656c module_size fiel\n+00007c70: 6420 746f 2073 7461 7274 7570 2e53 2e20 d to startup.S. \n+00007c80: 496e 0a69 6e69 742e 6320 796f 7520 6e65 In.init.c you ne\n+00007c90: 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6772 7562 5f6d ed to set grub_m\n+00007ca0: 6f64 6261 7365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6164 odbase to the ad\n+00007cb0: 6472 6573 7320 7768 6572 6520 6d6f 6475 dress where modu\n+00007cc0: 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 0a66 6f75 6e64 les can be.found\n+00007cd0: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 . You may need \n+00007ce0: 6772 7562 5f6d 6f64 756c 6573 5f67 6574 grub_modules_get\n+00007cf0: 5f65 6e64 2028 2920 746f 2061 766f 6964 _end () to avoid\n+00007d00: 2064 6563 6c61 7269 6e67 2074 6865 0a73 declaring the.s\n+00007d10: 7061 6365 206f 6363 7570 6965 6420 6279 pace occupied by\n+00007d20: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7320 7573 6162 modules as usab\n+00007d30: 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 702e 2020 596f le for heap. Yo\n+00007d40: 7520 6361 6e20 7465 7374 206d 6f64 756c u can test modul\n+00007d50: 6573 0a77 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 2020 202e es.with:.. .\n+00007d60: 2f67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 /grub-mkimage -d\n+00007d70: 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 grub-core -O $f\n+00007d80: 6f72 6d61 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 ormat_id -o test\n+00007d90: 2e69 6d67 2068 656c 6c6f 0a0a 2020 2061 .img hello.. a\n+00007da0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 nd then running \n+00007db0: 2268 656c 6c6f 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 \"hello\" in the s\n+00007dc0: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 hell... Once t\n+00007dd0: 6869 7320 776f 726b 732c 2079 6f75 2073 his works, you s\n+00007de0: 686f 756c 6420 7468 696e 6b20 6f66 2069 hould think of i\n+00007df0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 696e 6720 6469 736b mplementing disk\n+00007e00: 2061 6363 6573 732e 2020 4c6f 6f6b 0a61 access. Look.a\n+00007e10: 726f 756e 6420 6469 736b 2f20 666f 7220 round disk/ for \n+00007e20: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 examples... Th\n+00007e30: 656e 2c20 7665 7279 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 en, very importa\n+00007e40: 6e74 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 7072 6f62 6162 ntly, you probab\n+00007e50: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 ly need to imple\n+00007e60: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c0a ment the actual.\n+00007e70: 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 6578 616d 706c 6573 loader (examples\n+00007e80: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 6c6f available in lo\n+00007e90: 6164 6572 2f29 0a0a 2020 204c 6173 7420 ader/).. Last \n+00007ea0: 7374 6570 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206d 696e step to have min\n+00007eb0: 696d 616c 6c79 2075 7361 626c 6520 706f imally usable po\n+00007ec0: 7274 2069 7320 746f 2061 6464 2073 7570 rt is to add sup\n+00007ed0: 706f 7274 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 port to.grub-ins\n+00007ee0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 7075 7420 4752 5542 tall to put GRUB\n+00007ef0: 2069 6e20 6120 706c 6163 6520 7768 6572 in a place wher\n+00007f00: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 706c e firmware or pl\n+00007f10: 6174 666f 726d 2077 696c 6c20 7069 636b atform will pick\n+00007f20: 0a69 7420 7570 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e65 7874 .it up... Next\n+00007f30: 2073 7465 7073 2061 7265 3a20 6669 6c6c steps are: fill\n+00007f40: 696e 6720 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2e63 2c20 ing datetime.c, \n+00007f50: 7365 746a 6d70 2e53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 setjmp.S, networ\n+00007f60: 6b20 286e 6574 2f64 7269 7665 7273 292c k (net/drivers),\n+00007f70: 0a76 6964 656f 2028 7669 6465 6f2f 292c .video (video/),\n+00007f80: 2068 616c 7420 286c 6962 2f29 2c20 7265 halt (lib/), re\n+00007f90: 626f 6f74 2028 6c69 622f 292e 0a0a 2020 boot (lib/)... \n+00007fa0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6164 6420 796f 7572 Please add your\n+00007fb0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2050 6c61 platform to Pla\n+00007fc0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n+00007fd0: 7320 616e 6420 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a s and Supported.\n+00007fe0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 kernels chapter \n+00007ff0: 696e 2075 7365 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 in user document\n+00008000: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6d65 6e74 696f ation and mentio\n+00008010: 6e20 616e 7920 7374 6570 7320 796f 7520 n any steps you \n+00008020: 736b 6970 7065 640a 7768 6963 6820 7265 skipped.which re\n+00008030: 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6475 6365 6420 sult in reduced \n+00008040: 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 7220 7065 7266 features or perf\n+00008050: 6f72 6d61 6e63 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 ormance. Here i\n+00008060: 7320 7468 6520 7175 6963 6b0a 6368 6563 s the quick.chec\n+00008070: 6b6c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6561 7475 7265 klist of feature\n+00008080: 732e 2020 536f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 656d s. Some of them\n+00008090: 2061 7265 206c 6573 7320 696d 706f 7274 are less import\n+000080a0: 616e 7420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 7320 ant than others \n+000080b0: 616e 640a 736b 6970 7069 6e67 2074 6865 and.skipping the\n+000080c0: 6d20 6973 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 7920 m is completely \n+000080d0: 6f6b 2c20 6a75 7374 206e 6565 6473 2074 ok, just needs t\n+000080e0: 6f20 6265 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 o be mentioned i\n+000080f0: 6e20 7573 6572 0a64 6f63 756d 656e 7461 n user.documenta\n+00008100: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6563 6b6c tion... Checkl\n+00008110: 6973 743a 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 2068 6561 ist:. * Is hea\n+00008120: 7020 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 3f0a 2020 p big enough?. \n+00008130: 202a 2057 6869 6368 2063 6861 7273 6574 * Which charset\n+00008140: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 is supported by\n+00008150: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 console?. * D\n+00008160: 6f65 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6176 oes platform hav\n+00008170: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 723f 0a20 e disk driver?. \n+00008180: 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 * Do you have \n+00008190: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 2073 7570 network card sup\n+000081a0: 706f 7274 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 7265 2079 port?. * Are y\n+000081b0: 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6574 7269 ou able to retri\n+000081c0: 6576 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 7769 eve datetime (wi\n+000081d0: 7468 2064 6174 6529 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 th date)?. * A\n+000081e0: 7265 2079 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2073 re you able to s\n+000081f0: 6574 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2877 6974 et datetime (wit\n+00008200: 6820 6461 7465 293f 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 h date)?. * Is\n+00008210: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 serial supporte\n+00008220: 643f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 d?. * Do you h\n+00008230: 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 2064 6973 6b20 ave direct disk \n+00008240: 7375 7070 6f72 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f support?. * Do\n+00008250: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 you have direct\n+00008260: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 keyboard suppor\n+00008270: 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 t?. * Do you h\n+00008280: 6176 6520 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 743f ave USB support?\n+00008290: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 . * Do you sup\n+000082a0: 706f 7274 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6872 port loading thr\n+000082b0: 6f75 6768 206e 6574 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 ough network?. \n+000082c0: 202a 2044 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 * Do you suppor\n+000082d0: 7420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2064 t loading from d\n+000082e0: 6973 6b3f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 isk?. * Do you\n+000082f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6861 696e 6c6f support chainlo\n+00008300: 6164 696e 673f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 ading?. * Do y\n+00008310: 6f75 2073 7570 706f 7274 206e 6574 776f ou support netwo\n+00008320: 726b 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 673f rk chainloading?\n+00008330: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 6573 2063 7075 6964 . * Does cpuid\n+00008340: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 command support\n+00008350: 7320 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2043 s checking all C\n+00008360: 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7468 6174 PU features that\n+00008370: 2074 6865 2075 7365 720a 2020 2020 206d the user. m\n+00008380: 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 636f 6e64 6974 ight want condit\n+00008390: 696f 6e61 6c69 7365 206f 6e20 2836 342d ionalise on (64-\n+000083a0: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 6879 7065 7276 bit mode, hyperv\n+000083b0: 6973 6f72 2c2e 2e2e 290a 2020 202a 2044 isor,...). * D\n+000083c0: 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6869 o you support hi\n+000083d0: 6e74 733f 2020 486f 7720 7265 6c69 6162 nts? How reliab\n+000083e0: 6c65 2061 7265 2074 6865 793f 0a20 2020 le are they?. \n+000083f0: 2a20 446f 6573 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 * Does platform \n+00008400: 6861 7665 2041 4350 493f 2049 6620 736f have ACPI? If so\n+00008410: 2064 6f20 2261 6370 6922 2061 6e64 2022 do \"acpi\" and \"\n+00008420: 6c73 6163 7069 2220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 lsacpi\" modules \n+00008430: 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f20 616e work?. * Do an\n+00008440: 7920 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 y of platform-sp\n+00008450: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00008460: 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 696e 2074 s mentioned in t\n+00008470: 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 740a 2020 2020 he relevant. \n+00008480: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7573 6572 section of user\n+00008490: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6d61 6b65 7320 7365 manual makes se\n+000084a0: 6e73 6520 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 nse on your plat\n+000084b0: 666f 726d 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f65 7320 form?. * Does \n+000084c0: 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7375 your platform su\n+000084d0: 7070 6f72 7420 5043 493f 2049 6620 736f pport PCI? If so\n+000084e0: 2069 7320 7468 6572 6520 616e 2061 7070 is there an app\n+000084f0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6472 ropriate. dr\n+00008500: 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423f 0a20 iver for GRUB?. \n+00008510: 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 706f * Do you suppo\n+00008520: 7274 2062 6164 7261 6d3f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rt badram?....Fi\n+00008530: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00008540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4572 726f 7220 o, Node: Error \n+00008550: 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Handling, Next:\n+00008560: 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 7020 Stack and heap \n+00008570: 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6f72 size, Prev: Por\n+00008580: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n+00008590: 3720 4572 726f 7220 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 7 Error Handling\n+000085a0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000085b0: 2a0a 0a45 7272 6f72 2068 616e 646c 696e *..Error handlin\n+000085c0: 6720 696e 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 g in GRUB 2 is b\n+000085d0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f ased on exceptio\n+000085e0: 6e20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 206d 6f64 656c n handling model\n+000085f0: 2e20 2041 7320 430a 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 . As C.language\n+00008600: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2064 6972 6563 746c doesn't directl\n+00008610: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6578 6365 7074 y support except\n+00008620: 696f 6e73 2c20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ions, exception \n+00008630: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a62 6568 6176 696f handling.behavio\n+00008640: 7220 6973 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 6420 696e r is emulated in\n+00008650: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2057 software... W\n+00008660: 6865 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6973 hen exception is\n+00008670: 2072 6169 7365 642c 2066 756e 6374 696f raised, functio\n+00008680: 6e20 6d75 7374 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f n must return to\n+00008690: 2063 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f calling functio\n+000086a0: 6e2e 0a49 6620 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 n..If calling fu\n+000086b0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 nction does not \n+000086c0: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 provide handling\n+000086d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f of the exceptio\n+000086e0: 6e20 6974 206d 7573 740a 7265 7475 726e n it must.return\n+000086f0: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2069 7473 2063 616c back to its cal\n+00008700: 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 616e ling function an\n+00008710: 6420 736f 206f 6e2c 2075 6e74 696c 2065 d so on, until e\n+00008720: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6861 6e64 xception is.hand\n+00008730: 6c65 642e 2020 4966 2065 7863 6570 7469 led. If excepti\n+00008740: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 on is not handle\n+00008750: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2070 726f 6d70 7420 d before prompt \n+00008760: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2c20 6572 is displayed, er\n+00008770: 726f 720a 6d65 7373 6167 6520 7769 6c6c ror.message will\n+00008780: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 be shown to use\n+00008790: 722e 0a0a 2020 2045 7863 6570 7469 6f6e r... Exception\n+000087a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 information is \n+000087b0: 7374 6f72 6564 206f 6e20 2767 7275 625f stored on 'grub_\n+000087c0: 6572 726e 6f27 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 errno' global va\n+000087d0: 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 660a 2767 7275 riable. If.'gru\n+000087e0: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2076 6172 6961 626c b_errno' variabl\n+000087f0: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c 7565 e contains value\n+00008800: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 'GRUB_ERR_NONE'\n+00008810: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6163 , there is no ac\n+00008820: 7469 7665 0a65 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2061 tive.exception a\n+00008830: 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 nd application c\n+00008840: 616e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 6e6f 726d an continue norm\n+00008850: 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 al processing. \n+00008860: 5768 656e 0a27 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f When.'grub_errno\n+00008870: 2720 6861 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 ' has other valu\n+00008880: 652c 2069 7420 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 e, it is require\n+00008890: 6420 7468 6174 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 d that applicati\n+000088a0: 6f6e 2063 6f64 650a 6569 7468 6572 2068 on code.either h\n+000088b0: 616e 646c 6573 2074 6869 7320 6572 726f andles this erro\n+000088c0: 7220 6f72 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2069 6e73 r or returns ins\n+000088d0: 7461 6e74 6c79 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 6572 tantly to caller\n+000088e0: 2e20 2049 6620 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 0a69 . If function.i\n+000088f0: 7320 7769 7468 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7479 s with return ty\n+00008900: 7065 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2720 pe 'grub_err_t' \n+00008910: 6973 2061 626f 7574 2074 6f20 7265 7475 is about to retu\n+00008920: 726e 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e rn 'GRUB_ERR_NON\n+00008930: 4527 2c20 6974 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6e6f E', it.should no\n+00008940: 7420 7365 7420 2767 7275 625f 6572 726e t set 'grub_errn\n+00008950: 6f27 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 o' to that value\n+00008960: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7365 7420 2767 7275 . Only set 'gru\n+00008970: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2069 6e0a 6361 7365 b_errno' in.case\n+00008980: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6572 6520 6973 s where there is\n+00008990: 2065 7272 6f72 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e error situation\n+000089a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5369 6d70 6c65 2065 7863 ... Simple exc\n+000089b0: 6570 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 7761 7264 6572 eption forwarder\n+000089c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f .. grub_err_\n+000089d0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 696e t. forwardin\n+000089e0: 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2876 6f69 6429 g_example (void)\n+000089f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f . {. /\n+00008a00: 2a20 4361 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 * Call function \n+00008a10: 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2063 6175 7365 that might cause\n+00008a20: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a exception. */.\n+00008a30: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f6f 6261 7220 2829 foobar ()\n+00008a40: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204e 6f20 ;.. /* No \n+00008a50: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6578 6365 7074 696f special exceptio\n+00008a60: 6e20 6861 6e64 6c65 722c 206a 7573 7420 n handler, just \n+00008a70: 666f 7277 6172 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 forward possible\n+00008a80: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a2f exceptions. */\n+00008a90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 . if (grub\n+00008aa0: 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 _errno != GRUB_E\n+00008ab0: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE). \n+00008ac0: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 {. r\n+00008ad0: 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f eturn grub_errno\n+00008ae0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ;. }.. \n+00008af0: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c 6c20 6973 204f /* All is O\n+00008b00: 4b2c 2064 6f20 6d6f 7265 2070 726f 6365 K, do more proce\n+00008b10: 7373 696e 672e 2020 2a2f 0a0a 2020 2020 ssing. */.. \n+00008b20: 2020 202f 2a20 5265 7475 726e 204f 4b20 /* Return OK \n+00008b30: 7369 676e 616c 2c20 746f 2063 616c 6c65 signal, to calle\n+00008b40: 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7265 r. */. re\n+00008b50: 7475 726e 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f turn GRUB_ERR_NO\n+00008b60: 4e45 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2045 NE;. }.. E\n+00008b70: 7272 6f72 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2068 rror reporting h\n+00008b80: 6173 2074 776f 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 as two component\n+00008b90: 732c 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6572 s, the actual er\n+00008ba0: 726f 7220 636f 6465 2028 6f66 2074 7970 ror code (of typ\n+00008bb0: 650a 2767 7275 625f 6572 725f 7427 2920 e.'grub_err_t') \n+00008bc0: 616e 6420 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6d65 7373 and textual mess\n+00008bd0: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 age that will be\n+00008be0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2074 6f20 7573 displayed to us\n+00008bf0: 6572 2e20 204c 6973 740a 6f66 2076 616c er. List.of val\n+00008c00: 6964 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 6573 2069 id error codes i\n+00008c10: 7320 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6865 6164 s listed in head\n+00008c20: 6572 2066 696c 6520 2769 6e63 6c75 6465 er file 'include\n+00008c30: 2f67 7275 622f 6572 722e 6827 2e0a 5465 /grub/err.h'..Te\n+00008c40: 7874 7561 6c20 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 xtual error mess\n+00008c50: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 age can contain \n+00008c60: 616e 7920 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6461 7461 any textual data\n+00008c70: 2e20 2041 7420 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 . At time of wr\n+00008c80: 6974 696e 672c 0a65 7272 6f72 206d 6573 iting,.error mes\n+00008c90: 7361 6765 2063 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e sage can contain\n+00008ca0: 2075 7020 746f 2032 3536 2063 6861 7261 up to 256 chara\n+00008cb0: 6374 6572 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 cters (including\n+00008cc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 0a4e 554c terminating.NUL\n+00008cd0: 292e 2054 6f20 6561 7365 2065 7272 6f72 ). To ease error\n+00008ce0: 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6865 7265 reporting there\n+00008cf0: 2069 7320 6120 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e is a helper fun\n+00008d00: 6374 696f 6e20 2767 7275 625f 6572 726f ction 'grub_erro\n+00008d10: 7227 0a74 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2065 r'.that allows e\n+00008d20: 6173 6965 7220 666f 726d 6174 7469 6e67 asier formatting\n+00008d30: 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 of error messag\n+00008d40: 6573 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 es and should be\n+00008d50: 2075 7365 640a 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 used.instead of\n+00008d60: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c writing directl\n+00008d70: 7920 746f 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 7269 y to global vari\n+00008d80: 6162 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 ables... Examp\n+00008d90: 6c65 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 7265 706f le of error repo\n+00008da0: 7274 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 rting.. grub\n+00008db0: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 6661 696c _err_t. fail\n+00008dc0: 696e 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2829 0a20 ing_example (). \n+00008dd0: 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 {. ret\n+00008de0: 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 urn grub_error (\n+00008df0: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f46 494c 455f 4e4f GRUB_ERR_FILE_NO\n+00008e00: 545f 464f 554e 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 T_FOUND,. \n 00008e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00008e20: 2020 2020 2022 4661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 \"Failed to \n-00008e30: 7265 6164 2025 732c 2074 7269 6564 2025 read %s, tried %\n-00008e40: 6420 7469 6d65 732e 222c 0a20 2020 2020 d times.\",. \n+00008e20: 2020 2022 4661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 7265 \"Failed to re\n+00008e30: 6164 2025 732c 2074 7269 6564 2025 6420 ad %s, tried %d \n+00008e40: 7469 6d65 732e 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 times.\",. \n 00008e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00008e60: 2020 2020 2022 7465 7374 2e74 7874 222c \"test.txt\",\n-00008e70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00008e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3029 3b0a 10);.\n-00008e90: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 }.. If th\n-00008ea0: 6572 6520 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c ere is a special\n-00008eb0: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 7468 6174 2065 7272 reason that err\n-00008ec0: 6f72 2063 6f64 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 or code does not\n-00008ed0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 650a 7461 6b65 need to be.take\n-00008ee0: 6e20 6163 636f 756e 742c 2027 6772 7562 n account, 'grub\n-00008ef0: 5f65 7272 6e6f 2720 6361 6e20 6265 207a _errno' can be z\n-00008f00: 6572 6f65 6420 6261 636b 2074 6f20 2747 eroed back to 'G\n-00008f10: 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 272e 2020 RUB_ERR_NONE'. \n-00008f20: 496e 0a63 6173 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 In.cases like th\n-00008f30: 6973 2061 6c6c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 is all previous \n-00008f40: 6572 726f 7220 636f 6465 7320 7368 6f75 error codes shou\n-00008f50: 6c64 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2068 616e ld have been han\n-00008f60: 646c 6564 0a63 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 dled.correctly. \n-00008f70: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7375 7265 This makes sure\n-00008f80: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 that there are \n-00008f90: 6e6f 2075 6e68 616e 646c 6564 2065 7863 no unhandled exc\n-00008fa0: 6570 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 eptions... Exa\n-00008fb0: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7a65 726f 696e 6720 mple of zeroing \n-00008fc0: 2767 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2e0a 2020 'grub_errno'.. \n-00008fd0: 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 grub_err_t. \n-00008fe0: 2020 2070 726f 6265 5f65 7861 6d70 6c65 probe_example\n-00008ff0: 2028 290a 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 (). {. \n-00009000: 2020 2f2a 2054 7279 2074 6f20 7072 6f62 /* Try to prob\n-00009010: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 312e e device type 1.\n-00009020: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 */. prob\n-00009030: 655f 666f 725f 6465 7669 6365 2028 293b e_for_device ();\n-00009040: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 . if (grub\n-00009050: 5f65 7272 6e6f 203d 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 _errno == GRUB_E\n-00009060: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE). \n-00009070: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f {. /\n-00009080: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 3120 * Device type 1 \n-00009090: 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2073 7973 was found on sys\n-000090a0: 7465 6d2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tem. */. \n-000090b0: 2020 2020 7265 6769 7374 6572 5f64 6576 register_dev\n-000090c0: 6963 6520 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice ();. \n-000090d0: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 return GRUB_E\n-000090e0: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 453b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE;. \n-000090f0: 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 }. /* Ze\n-00009100: 726f 206f 7574 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 ro out error cod\n-00009110: 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6772 e. */. gr\n-00009120: 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 203d 2047 5255 425f ub_errno = GRUB_\n-00009130: 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 ERR_NONE;.. \n-00009140: 2020 2f2a 204e 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2074 /* No device t\n-00009150: 7970 6520 3120 666f 756e 642c 2074 7279 ype 1 found, try\n-00009160: 2074 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 to probe device\n-00009170: 2074 7970 6520 322e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 type 2. */. \n-00009180: 2020 2020 7072 6f62 655f 666f 725f 6465 probe_for_de\n-00009190: 7669 6365 3220 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 vice2 ();. \n-000091a0: 2069 6620 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f20 if (grub_errno \n-000091b0: 3d3d 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 == GRUB_ERR_NONE\n-000091c0: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 ). {. \n-000091d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2044 6576 6963 /* Devic\n-000091e0: 6520 7479 7065 2032 2077 6173 2066 6f75 e type 2 was fou\n-000091f0: 6e64 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 2e20 202a nd on system. *\n-00009200: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 /. reg\n-00009210: 6973 7465 725f 6465 7669 6365 3220 2829 ister_device2 ()\n-00009220: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 ;. ret\n-00009230: 7572 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e urn GRUB_ERR_NON\n-00009240: 453b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 E;. }. \n-00009250: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f 206f 7574 /* Zero out\n-00009260: 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e 2020 2a2f error code. */\n-00009270: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 . grub_err\n-00009280: 6e6f 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f no = GRUB_ERR_NO\n-00009290: 4e45 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 NE;.. /* R\n-000092a0: 6574 7572 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 2065 7272 eturn custom err\n-000092b0: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e20 202a 2f0a or message. */.\n-000092c0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6772 return gr\n-000092d0: 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 4752 5542 5f45 ub_error (GRUB_E\n-000092e0: 5252 5f55 4e4b 4e4f 574e 5f44 4556 4943 RR_UNKNOWN_DEVIC\n-000092f0: 452c 2022 4e6f 2064 6576 6963 6520 7479 E, \"No device ty\n-00009300: 7065 2031 206f 7220 3220 666f 756e 642e pe 1 or 2 found.\n-00009310: 2229 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2053 \");. }.. S\n-00009320: 6f6d 6520 7469 6d65 7320 7468 6572 6520 ome times there \n-00009330: 6973 2061 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6f6e is a need to con\n-00009340: 7469 6e75 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 tinue processing\n-00009350: 2065 7665 6e20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 even if there i\n-00009360: 7320 610a 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 s a.error state \n-00009370: 696e 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 in application. \n-00009380: 2049 6e20 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 206c In situations l\n-00009390: 696b 6520 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 ike this, there \n-000093a0: 6973 2061 206e 6565 6465 640a 746f 2073 is a needed.to s\n-000093b0: 6176 6520 6f6c 6420 6572 726f 7220 7374 ave old error st\n-000093c0: 6174 6520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2063 616c ate and then cal\n-000093d0: 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e l other function\n-000093e0: 7320 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2066 6169 s that might fai\n-000093f0: 6c2e 0a54 6f20 6169 6420 696e 2074 6869 l..To aid in thi\n-00009400: 732c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6572 s, there is a er\n-00009410: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 696d 706c 656d ror stack implem\n-00009420: 656e 7465 642e 2020 4572 726f 7220 7374 ented. Error st\n-00009430: 6174 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a70 7573 6865 ate can be.pushe\n-00009440: 6420 746f 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 636b d to error stack\n-00009450: 2062 7920 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 6e63 by calling func\n-00009460: 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 tion 'grub_error\n-00009470: 5f70 7573 6820 2829 272e 2020 5768 656e _push ()'. When\n-00009480: 0a70 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 6861 7320 .processing has \n-00009490: 6265 656e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6564 2c20 been completed, \n-000094a0: 2767 7275 625f 6572 726f 725f 706f 7020 'grub_error_pop \n-000094b0: 2829 2720 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ()' can be used \n-000094c0: 746f 2070 6f70 0a65 7272 6f72 2073 7461 to pop.error sta\n-000094d0: 7465 2066 726f 6d20 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 te from stack. \n-000094e0: 4572 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e74 Error stack cont\n-000094f0: 6169 6e73 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 ains predefined \n-00009500: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 6572 726f 720a amount of error.\n-00009510: 7374 6163 6b20 6974 656d 732e 2020 4572 stack items. Er\n-00009520: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2070 726f ror stack is pro\n-00009530: 7465 6374 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7266 tected for overf\n-00009540: 6c6f 7720 616e 6420 6d61 726b 7320 7468 low and marks th\n-00009550: 6573 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2073 ese.situations s\n-00009560: 6f20 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2065 7272 6f72 o overflow error\n-00009570: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6765 7420 756e does not get un\n-00009580: 7365 656e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 seen. If there \n-00009590: 6973 206e 6f20 7370 6163 650a 6176 6169 is no space.avai\n-000095a0: 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2073 746f 7265 2065 lable to store e\n-000095b0: 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2c20 6974 rror message, it\n-000095c0: 2069 7320 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6973 6361 is simply disca\n-000095d0: 7264 6564 2061 6e64 206f 7665 7266 6c6f rded and overflo\n-000095e0: 770a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 726b 6564 w.will be marked\n-000095f0: 2061 7320 6861 7070 656e 6564 2e20 2057 as happened. W\n-00009600: 6865 6e20 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2068 6170 hen overflow hap\n-00009610: 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 pens, it most li\n-00009620: 6b65 6c79 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 7272 7570 kely will.corrup\n-00009630: 7420 6572 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f t error stack co\n-00009640: 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 7920 6173 2066 6f72 nsistency as for\n-00009650: 2070 7573 6865 6420 6572 726f 7220 7468 pushed error th\n-00009660: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6d61 7463 6869 ere is no matchi\n-00009670: 6e67 0a70 6f70 2c20 6275 7420 6f76 6572 ng.pop, but over\n-00009680: 666c 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 696c flow message wil\n-00009690: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2074 6f20 696e l be shown to in\n-000096a0: 666f 726d 2075 7365 7220 6162 6f75 7420 form user about \n-000096b0: 7468 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 the.situation. \n-000096c0: 4f76 6572 666c 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 Overflow message\n-000096d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2061 will be shown a\n-000096e0: 7420 7469 6d65 2077 6865 6e20 7072 6f6d t time when prom\n-000096f0: 7074 2069 7320 6162 6f75 740a 746f 2062 pt is about.to b\n-00009700: 6520 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 e drawn... Exa\n-00009710: 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 6572 mple usage of er\n-00009720: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 0a20 2020 2020 ror stack.. \n-00009730: 2f2a 2053 6176 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 /* Save possible\n-00009740: 206f 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 old error messa\n-00009750: 6765 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ge. */. gru\n-00009760: 625f 6572 726f 725f 7075 7368 2028 293b b_error_push ();\n-00009770: 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 .. /* Do you\n-00009780: 7220 7374 7566 6620 6865 7265 2e20 202a r stuff here. *\n-00009790: 2f0a 2020 2020 2063 616c 6c5f 706f 7373 /. call_poss\n-000097a0: 6962 6c79 5f66 6169 6c69 6e67 5f66 756e ibly_failing_fun\n-000097b0: 6374 696f 6e20 2829 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 ction ();.. \n-000097c0: 6966 2028 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 if (grub_errno !\n-000097d0: 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 = GRUB_ERR_NONE)\n-000097e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 . {. \n-000097f0: 2020 202f 2a20 496e 666f 726d 2072 6573 /* Inform res\n-00009800: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f64 6520 7468 t of the code th\n-00009810: 6174 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6572 726f at there is erro\n-00009820: 7220 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f0a 2020 r (grub_errno. \n-00009830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6973 2073 6574 is set\n-00009840: 292e 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2070 ). There is no p\n-00009850: 6f70 2068 6572 6520 6173 2077 6520 7761 op here as we wa\n-00009860: 6e74 2062 6f74 6820 6572 726f 7220 7374 nt both error st\n-00009870: 6174 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ates. \n-00009880: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 to be displayed\n-00009890: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 . */. r\n-000098a0: 6574 7572 6e3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7d0a eturn;. }.\n-000098b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6573 746f 7265 . /* Restore\n-000098c0: 206f 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 old error state\n-000098d0: 2062 7920 706f 7070 696e 6720 7072 6576 by popping prev\n-000098e0: 696f 7573 2069 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2073 ious item from s\n-000098f0: 7461 636b 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 6772 tack. */. gr\n-00009900: 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 6f70 2028 293b ub_error_pop ();\n-00009910: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 ....File: grub-d\n-00009920: 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ev.info, Node: \n-00009930: 5374 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 Stack and heap s\n-00009940: 697a 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4249 4f53 ize, Next: BIOS\n-00009950: 2070 6f72 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 port memory map\n-00009960: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 , Prev: Error H\n-00009970: 616e 646c 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f andling, Up: To\n-00009980: 700a 0a38 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 p..8 Stack and h\n-00009990: 6561 7020 7369 7a65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a eap size.*******\n-000099a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000099b0: 4f6e 2065 6d75 2073 7461 636b 2061 6e64 On emu stack and\n-000099c0: 2068 6561 7020 6172 6520 6a75 7374 206e heap are just n\n-000099d0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 686f 7374 204f 5320 7374 ormal host OS st\n-000099e0: 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2e20 2053 ack and heap. S\n-000099f0: 7461 636b 2069 730a 7479 7069 6361 6c6c tack is.typicall\n-00009a00: 7920 3820 4d69 4220 616c 7468 6f75 6768 y 8 MiB although\n-00009a10: 2069 7427 7320 4f53 2d64 6570 656e 6465 it's OS-depende\n-00009a20: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2069 3338 362d nt... On i386-\n-00009a30: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f pc, i386-coreboo\n-00009a40: 742c 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 t, i386-qemu and\n-00009a50: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 i386-multiboot \n-00009a60: 7468 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6973 0a36 304b the stack is.60K\n-00009a70: 6942 2e20 416c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c iB. All availabl\n-00009a80: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e space between \n-00009a90: 314d 6942 2061 6e64 2034 4769 4220 6d61 1MiB and 4GiB ma\n-00009aa0: 726b 7320 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 rks is part of h\n-00009ab0: 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 2a2d 7865 eap... On *-xe\n-00009ac0: 6e20 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2034 4d69 422e n stack is 4MiB.\n-00009ad0: 2049 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 6f72 If compiled for\n-00009ae0: 2078 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 4343 x86-64 with GCC\n-00009af0: 2034 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 720a 6164 4.4 or later.ad\n-00009b00: 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 ressable space i\n-00009b10: 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 5768 s unlimited. Wh\n-00009b20: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f 7220 en compiled for \n-00009b30: 7838 362d 3634 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 x86-64 with olde\n-00009b40: 7220 4743 430a 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6164 r GCC.version ad\n-00009b50: 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 ressable space i\n-00009b60: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 4769 s limited to 2Gi\n-00009b70: 422e 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 696c 696e B. When compilin\n-00009b80: 6720 666f 7220 6933 3836 0a61 6472 6573 g for i386.adres\n-00009b90: 7361 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 206c sable space is l\n-00009ba0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 2e20 imited to 4GiB. \n-00009bb0: 416c 6c20 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2070 All adressable p\n-00009bc0: 6167 6573 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 650a ages except the.\n-00009bd0: 6f6e 6573 2066 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2c20 ones for stack, \n-00009be0: 4752 5542 2062 696e 6172 792c 2073 7065 GRUB binary, spe\n-00009bf0: 6369 616c 2070 6167 6573 2061 6e64 2070 cial pages and p\n-00009c00: 6167 6520 7461 626c 6520 6172 6520 696e age table are in\n-00009c10: 2074 6865 0a68 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f the.heap... O\n-00009c20: 6e20 2a2d 6566 6920 4752 5542 2075 7365 n *-efi GRUB use\n-00009c30: 7320 7361 6d65 2073 7461 636b 2061 7320 s same stack as \n-00009c40: 4546 492e 2049 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 EFI. If compiled\n-00009c50: 2066 6f72 2078 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 for x86-64 with\n-00009c60: 2047 4343 0a34 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 GCC.4.4 or late\n-00009c70: 7220 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 r adressable spa\n-00009c80: 6365 2069 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e ce is unlimited.\n-00009c90: 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 When compiled \n-00009ca0: 666f 7220 7838 362d 3634 0a77 6974 6820 for x86-64.with \n-00009cb0: 6f6c 6465 7220 4743 4320 7665 7273 696f older GCC versio\n-00009cc0: 6e20 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 n adressable spa\n-00009cd0: 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f ce is limited to\n-00009ce0: 2032 4769 422e 2046 6f72 2061 6c6c 0a6f 2GiB. For all.o\n-00009cf0: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 ther platforms a\n-00009d00: 6472 6573 7361 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 dressable space \n-00009d10: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 is limited to 4G\n-00009d20: 6942 2e20 4752 5542 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 iB. GRUB allocat\n-00009d30: 6573 0a70 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4546 es.pages from EF\n-00009d40: 4920 666f 7220 6974 7320 6865 6170 2c20 I for its heap, \n-00009d50: 6174 206d 6f73 7420 312e 3620 4769 422e at most 1.6 GiB.\n-00009d60: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 .. On i386-iee\n-00009d70: 6531 3237 3520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7270 e1275 and powerp\n-00009d80: 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2047 5255 4220 c-ieee1275 GRUB \n-00009d90: 7573 6573 2073 616d 6520 7374 6163 6b20 uses same stack \n-00009da0: 6173 0a49 4545 4531 3237 352e 2020 4974 as.IEEE1275. It\n-00009db0: 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 2061 7420 6d6f allocates at mo\n-00009dc0: 7374 2033 324d 6942 2066 6f72 2069 7473 st 32MiB for its\n-00009dd0: 2068 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7370 heap... On sp\n-00009de0: 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2073 arc64-ieee1275 s\n-00009df0: 7461 636b 2069 7320 3235 364b 6942 2061 tack is 256KiB a\n-00009e00: 6e64 2068 6561 7020 6973 2032 4d69 422e nd heap is 2MiB.\n-00009e10: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 .. On mips(el)\n-00009e20: 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2061 6e64 206d -qemu_mips and m\n-00009e30: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2073 ipsel-loongson s\n-00009e40: 7461 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 6576 tack is 2MiB (ev\n-00009e50: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 0a62 656c 6f77 2047 erything.below G\n-00009e60: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 2065 RUB image) and e\n-00009e70: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 verything above \n-00009e80: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d GRUB image (from\n-00009e90: 2032 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 0a73 2MiB + kernel.s\n-00009ea0: 697a 6529 2075 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 ize) until 256Mi\n-00009eb0: 4220 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 B is part of hea\n-00009ec0: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2d61 p... On mips-a\n-00009ed0: 7263 2073 7461 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 rc stack is 2MiB\n-00009ee0: 2028 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2062 656c (everything bel\n-00009ef0: 6f77 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 ow GRUB image) a\n-00009f00: 6e64 0a65 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 nd.everything ab\n-00009f10: 6f76 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2866 ove GRUB image(f\n-00009f20: 726f 6d20 324d 6942 202b 206b 6572 6e65 rom 2MiB + kerne\n-00009f30: 6c20 7369 7a65 2920 756e 7469 6c20 3132 l size) until 12\n-00009f40: 384d 6942 2069 730a 7061 7274 206f 6620 8MiB is.part of \n-00009f50: 6865 6170 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 206d 6970 heap... On mip\n-00009f60: 7365 6c2d 6172 6320 7374 6163 6b20 6973 sel-arc stack is\n-00009f70: 2032 4d69 4220 2865 7665 7279 7468 696e 2MiB (everythin\n-00009f80: 6720 6265 6c6f 7720 4752 5542 2069 6d61 g below GRUB ima\n-00009f90: 6765 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ge which is not.\n-00009fa0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4152 4329 2061 6e64 part of ARC) and\n-00009fb0: 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 everything abov\n-00009fc0: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 e GRUB image (fr\n-00009fd0: 6f6d 2037 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c om 7MiB + kernel\n-00009fe0: 2073 697a 6529 0a75 6e74 696c 2032 3536 size).until 256\n-00009ff0: 4d69 4220 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 MiB is part of h\n-0000a000: 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6172 6d2d eap... On arm-\n-0000a010: 7562 6f6f 7420 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 uboot stack is 2\n-0000a020: 3536 4b69 4220 616e 6420 6865 6170 2069 56KiB and heap i\n-0000a030: 7320 324d 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2073 s 2MiB... In s\n-0000a040: 686f 7274 3a0a 0a50 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 hort:..Platform \n-0000a050: 2020 2053 7461 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 Stack \n-0000a060: 2020 2020 2020 4865 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Heap.-----\n+00008e60: 2020 2022 7465 7374 2e74 7874 222c 0a20 \"test.txt\",. \n+00008e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00008e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3029 3b0a 2020 10);. \n+00008e90: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 }.. If ther\n+00008ea0: 6520 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 e is a special r\n+00008eb0: 6561 736f 6e20 7468 6174 2065 7272 6f72 eason that error\n+00008ec0: 2063 6f64 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206e code does not n\n+00008ed0: 6565 6420 746f 2062 650a 7461 6b65 6e20 eed to be.taken \n+00008ee0: 6163 636f 756e 742c 2027 6772 7562 5f65 account, 'grub_e\n+00008ef0: 7272 6e6f 2720 6361 6e20 6265 207a 6572 rrno' can be zer\n+00008f00: 6f65 6420 6261 636b 2074 6f20 2747 5255 oed back to 'GRU\n+00008f10: 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 272e 2020 496e B_ERR_NONE'. In\n+00008f20: 0a63 6173 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 .cases like this\n+00008f30: 2061 6c6c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6572 all previous er\n+00008f40: 726f 7220 636f 6465 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 ror codes should\n+00008f50: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2068 616e 646c have been handl\n+00008f60: 6564 0a63 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2054 ed.correctly. T\n+00008f70: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7375 7265 2074 his makes sure t\n+00008f80: 6861 7420 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f hat there are no\n+00008f90: 2075 6e68 616e 646c 6564 2065 7863 6570 unhandled excep\n+00008fa0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 tions... Examp\n+00008fb0: 6c65 206f 6620 7a65 726f 696e 6720 2767 le of zeroing 'g\n+00008fc0: 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2e0a 2020 2020 rub_errno'.. \n+00008fd0: 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n+00008fe0: 2070 726f 6265 5f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2028 probe_example (\n+00008ff0: 290a 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ). {. \n+00009000: 2f2a 2054 7279 2074 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 /* Try to probe \n+00009010: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 312e 2020 device type 1. \n+00009020: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 655f */. probe_\n+00009030: 666f 725f 6465 7669 6365 2028 293b 0a20 for_device ();. \n+00009040: 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 5f65 if (grub_e\n+00009050: 7272 6e6f 203d 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 rrno == GRUB_ERR\n+00009060: 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _NONE). \n+00009070: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 {. /* \n+00009080: 4465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 3120 7761 Device type 1 wa\n+00009090: 7320 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 s found on syste\n+000090a0: 6d2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. */. \n+000090b0: 2020 7265 6769 7374 6572 5f64 6576 6963 register_devic\n+000090c0: 6520 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e ();. \n+000090d0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 return GRUB_ERR\n+000090e0: 5f4e 4f4e 453b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _NONE;. \n+000090f0: 7d0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f }. /* Zero\n+00009100: 206f 7574 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e out error code.\n+00009110: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 */. grub\n+00009120: 5f65 7272 6e6f 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 _errno = GRUB_ER\n+00009130: 525f 4e4f 4e45 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 R_NONE;.. \n+00009140: 2f2a 204e 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 /* No device typ\n+00009150: 6520 3120 666f 756e 642c 2074 7279 2074 e 1 found, try t\n+00009160: 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2074 o probe device t\n+00009170: 7970 6520 322e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ype 2. */. \n+00009180: 2020 7072 6f62 655f 666f 725f 6465 7669 probe_for_devi\n+00009190: 6365 3220 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 ce2 ();. i\n+000091a0: 6620 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f20 3d3d f (grub_errno ==\n+000091b0: 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 290a GRUB_ERR_NONE).\n+000091c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 {. \n+000091d0: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 /* Device \n+000091e0: 7479 7065 2032 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 type 2 was found\n+000091f0: 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 2e20 202a 2f0a on system. */.\n+00009200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 6973 regis\n+00009210: 7465 725f 6465 7669 6365 3220 2829 3b0a ter_device2 ();.\n+00009220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 retur\n+00009230: 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 453b n GRUB_ERR_NONE;\n+00009240: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 . }. \n+00009250: 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f 206f 7574 2065 /* Zero out e\n+00009260: 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 rror code. */. \n+00009270: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f grub_errno\n+00009280: 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 = GRUB_ERR_NONE\n+00009290: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6574 ;.. /* Ret\n+000092a0: 7572 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 2065 7272 6f72 urn custom error\n+000092b0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 message. */. \n+000092c0: 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 return grub\n+000092d0: 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 4752 5542 5f45 5252 _error (GRUB_ERR\n+000092e0: 5f55 4e4b 4e4f 574e 5f44 4556 4943 452c _UNKNOWN_DEVICE,\n+000092f0: 2022 4e6f 2064 6576 6963 6520 7479 7065 \"No device type\n+00009300: 2031 206f 7220 3220 666f 756e 642e 2229 1 or 2 found.\")\n+00009310: 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d ;. }.. Som\n+00009320: 6520 7469 6d65 7320 7468 6572 6520 6973 e times there is\n+00009330: 2061 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 7469 a need to conti\n+00009340: 6e75 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2065 nue processing e\n+00009350: 7665 6e20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ven if there is \n+00009360: 610a 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 696e a.error state in\n+00009370: 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 application. I\n+00009380: 6e20 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 206c 696b n situations lik\n+00009390: 6520 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 e this, there is\n+000093a0: 2061 206e 6565 6465 640a 746f 2073 6176 a needed.to sav\n+000093b0: 6520 6f6c 6420 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 e old error stat\n+000093c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2063 616c 6c20 e and then call \n+000093d0: 6f74 6865 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 other functions \n+000093e0: 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2066 6169 6c2e that might fail.\n+000093f0: 0a54 6f20 6169 6420 696e 2074 6869 732c .To aid in this,\n+00009400: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6572 726f there is a erro\n+00009410: 7220 7374 6163 6b20 696d 706c 656d 656e r stack implemen\n+00009420: 7465 642e 2020 4572 726f 7220 7374 6174 ted. Error stat\n+00009430: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a70 7573 6865 6420 e can be.pushed \n+00009440: 746f 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2062 to error stack b\n+00009450: 7920 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 y calling functi\n+00009460: 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 on 'grub_error_p\n+00009470: 7573 6820 2829 272e 2020 5768 656e 0a70 ush ()'. When.p\n+00009480: 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 6861 7320 6265 rocessing has be\n+00009490: 656e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6564 2c20 2767 en completed, 'g\n+000094a0: 7275 625f 6572 726f 725f 706f 7020 2829 rub_error_pop ()\n+000094b0: 2720 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ' can be used to\n+000094c0: 2070 6f70 0a65 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 pop.error state\n+000094d0: 2066 726f 6d20 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4572 from stack. Er\n+000094e0: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e74 6169 ror stack contai\n+000094f0: 6e73 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616d ns predefined am\n+00009500: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 6572 726f 720a 7374 ount of error.st\n+00009510: 6163 6b20 6974 656d 732e 2020 4572 726f ack items. Erro\n+00009520: 7220 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2070 726f 7465 r stack is prote\n+00009530: 6374 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7266 6c6f cted for overflo\n+00009540: 7720 616e 6420 6d61 726b 7320 7468 6573 w and marks thes\n+00009550: 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6f20 e.situations so \n+00009560: 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2065 7272 6f72 2064 overflow error d\n+00009570: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6765 7420 756e 7365 oes not get unse\n+00009580: 656e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 en. If there is\n+00009590: 206e 6f20 7370 6163 650a 6176 6169 6c61 no space.availa\n+000095a0: 626c 6520 746f 2073 746f 7265 2065 7272 ble to store err\n+000095b0: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2c20 6974 2069 or message, it i\n+000095c0: 7320 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6973 6361 7264 s simply discard\n+000095d0: 6564 2061 6e64 206f 7665 7266 6c6f 770a ed and overflow.\n+000095e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 726b 6564 2061 will be marked a\n+000095f0: 7320 6861 7070 656e 6564 2e20 2057 6865 s happened. Whe\n+00009600: 6e20 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2068 6170 7065 n overflow happe\n+00009610: 6e73 2c20 6974 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 ns, it most like\n+00009620: 6c79 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 7272 7570 7420 ly will.corrupt \n+00009630: 6572 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e73 error stack cons\n+00009640: 6973 7465 6e63 7920 6173 2066 6f72 2070 istency as for p\n+00009650: 7573 6865 6420 6572 726f 7220 7468 6572 ushed error ther\n+00009660: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 e is no matching\n+00009670: 0a70 6f70 2c20 6275 7420 6f76 6572 666c .pop, but overfl\n+00009680: 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 696c 6c20 ow message will \n+00009690: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2074 6f20 696e 666f be shown to info\n+000096a0: 726d 2075 7365 7220 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rm user about th\n+000096b0: 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4f76 e.situation. Ov\n+000096c0: 6572 666c 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 erflow message w\n+000096d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2061 7420 ill be shown at \n+000096e0: 7469 6d65 2077 6865 6e20 7072 6f6d 7074 time when prompt\n+000096f0: 2069 7320 6162 6f75 740a 746f 2062 6520 is about.to be \n+00009700: 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 drawn... Examp\n+00009710: 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 6572 726f le usage of erro\n+00009720: 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a r stack.. /*\n+00009730: 2053 6176 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 206f Save possible o\n+00009740: 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 ld error message\n+00009750: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . */. grub_\n+00009760: 6572 726f 725f 7075 7368 2028 293b 0a0a error_push ();..\n+00009770: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 7220 /* Do your \n+00009780: 7374 7566 6620 6865 7265 2e20 202a 2f0a stuff here. */.\n+00009790: 2020 2020 2063 616c 6c5f 706f 7373 6962 call_possib\n+000097a0: 6c79 5f66 6169 6c69 6e67 5f66 756e 6374 ly_failing_funct\n+000097b0: 696f 6e20 2829 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 6966 ion ();.. if\n+000097c0: 2028 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 (grub_errno != \n+000097d0: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 GRUB_ERR_NONE). \n+000097e0: 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+000097f0: 202f 2a20 496e 666f 726d 2072 6573 7420 /* Inform rest \n+00009800: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 of the code that\n+00009810: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6572 726f 7220 there is error \n+00009820: 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f0a 2020 2020 (grub_errno. \n+00009830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6973 2073 6574 292e is set).\n+00009840: 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2070 6f70 There is no pop\n+00009850: 2068 6572 6520 6173 2077 6520 7761 6e74 here as we want\n+00009860: 2062 6f74 6820 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 both error stat\n+00009870: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 es. t\n+00009880: 6f20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 o be displayed. \n+00009890: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 */. ret\n+000098a0: 7572 6e3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 urn;. }.. \n+000098b0: 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6573 746f 7265 206f /* Restore o\n+000098c0: 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 2062 ld error state b\n+000098d0: 7920 706f 7070 696e 6720 7072 6576 696f y popping previo\n+000098e0: 7573 2069 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 us item from sta\n+000098f0: 636b 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ck. */. grub\n+00009900: 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 6f70 2028 293b 0a0a _error_pop ();..\n+00009910: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 ..File: grub-dev\n+00009920: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5374 .info, Node: St\n+00009930: 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a ack and heap siz\n+00009940: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4249 4f53 2070 e, Next: BIOS p\n+00009950: 6f72 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2c20 ort memory map, \n+00009960: 2050 7265 763a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e Prev: Error Han\n+00009970: 646c 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a dling, Up: Top.\n+00009980: 0a38 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 .8 Stack and hea\n+00009990: 7020 7369 7a65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a p size.*********\n+000099a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n+000099b0: 2065 6d75 2073 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 emu stack and h\n+000099c0: 6561 7020 6172 6520 6a75 7374 206e 6f72 eap are just nor\n+000099d0: 6d61 6c20 686f 7374 204f 5320 7374 6163 mal host OS stac\n+000099e0: 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2e20 2053 7461 k and heap. Sta\n+000099f0: 636b 2069 730a 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 ck is.typically \n+00009a00: 3820 4d69 4220 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 8 MiB although i\n+00009a10: 7427 7320 4f53 2d64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 t's OS-dependent\n+00009a20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2069 3338 362d 7063 ... On i386-pc\n+00009a30: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n+00009a40: 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2069 i386-qemu and i\n+00009a50: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 7468 386-multiboot th\n+00009a60: 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6973 0a36 304b 6942 e stack is.60KiB\n+00009a70: 2e20 416c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . All available \n+00009a80: 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d space between 1M\n+00009a90: 6942 2061 6e64 2034 4769 4220 6d61 726b iB and 4GiB mark\n+00009aa0: 7320 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 s is part of hea\n+00009ab0: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 2a2d 7865 6e20 p... On *-xen \n+00009ac0: 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2034 4d69 422e 2049 stack is 4MiB. I\n+00009ad0: 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 6f72 2078 f compiled for x\n+00009ae0: 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 4343 2034 86-64 with GCC 4\n+00009af0: 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 720a 6164 7265 .4 or later.adre\n+00009b00: 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssable space is \n+00009b10: 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 5768 656e unlimited. When\n+00009b20: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f 7220 7838 compiled for x8\n+00009b30: 362d 3634 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6-64 with older \n+00009b40: 4743 430a 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6164 7265 GCC.version adre\n+00009b50: 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssable space is \n+00009b60: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 4769 422e limited to 2GiB.\n+00009b70: 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 696c 696e 6720 When compiling \n+00009b80: 666f 7220 6933 3836 0a61 6472 6573 7361 for i386.adressa\n+00009b90: 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 206c 696d ble space is lim\n+00009ba0: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 2e20 416c ited to 4GiB. Al\n+00009bb0: 6c20 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2070 6167 l adressable pag\n+00009bc0: 6573 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 650a 6f6e es except the.on\n+00009bd0: 6573 2066 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2c20 4752 es for stack, GR\n+00009be0: 5542 2062 696e 6172 792c 2073 7065 6369 UB binary, speci\n+00009bf0: 616c 2070 6167 6573 2061 6e64 2070 6167 al pages and pag\n+00009c00: 6520 7461 626c 6520 6172 6520 696e 2074 e table are in t\n+00009c10: 6865 0a68 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 he.heap... On \n+00009c20: 2a2d 6566 6920 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 *-efi GRUB uses \n+00009c30: 7361 6d65 2073 7461 636b 2061 7320 4546 same stack as EF\n+00009c40: 492e 2049 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 I. If compiled f\n+00009c50: 6f72 2078 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 or x86-64 with G\n+00009c60: 4343 0a34 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 CC.4.4 or later \n+00009c70: 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 adressable space\n+00009c80: 2069 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 is unlimited. \n+00009c90: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f When compiled fo\n+00009ca0: 7220 7838 362d 3634 0a77 6974 6820 6f6c r x86-64.with ol\n+00009cb0: 6465 7220 4743 4320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 der GCC version \n+00009cc0: 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 adressable space\n+00009cd0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 is limited to 2\n+00009ce0: 4769 422e 2046 6f72 2061 6c6c 0a6f 7468 GiB. For all.oth\n+00009cf0: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6472 er platforms adr\n+00009d00: 6573 7361 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 essable space is\n+00009d10: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 limited to 4GiB\n+00009d20: 2e20 4752 5542 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 . GRUB allocates\n+00009d30: 0a70 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4546 4920 .pages from EFI \n+00009d40: 666f 7220 6974 7320 6865 6170 2c20 6174 for its heap, at\n+00009d50: 206d 6f73 7420 312e 3620 4769 422e 0a0a most 1.6 GiB...\n+00009d60: 2020 204f 6e20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 On i386-ieee1\n+00009d70: 3237 3520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7270 632d 275 and powerpc-\n+00009d80: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2047 5255 4220 7573 ieee1275 GRUB us\n+00009d90: 6573 2073 616d 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6173 es same stack as\n+00009da0: 0a49 4545 4531 3237 352e 2020 4974 2061 .IEEE1275. It a\n+00009db0: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 llocates at most\n+00009dc0: 2033 324d 6942 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2068 32MiB for its h\n+00009dd0: 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7370 6172 eap... On spar\n+00009de0: 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2073 7461 c64-ieee1275 sta\n+00009df0: 636b 2069 7320 3235 364b 6942 2061 6e64 ck is 256KiB and\n+00009e00: 2068 6561 7020 6973 2032 4d69 422e 0a0a heap is 2MiB...\n+00009e10: 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 On mips(el)-q\n+00009e20: 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2061 6e64 206d 6970 emu_mips and mip\n+00009e30: 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2073 7461 sel-loongson sta\n+00009e40: 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 6576 6572 ck is 2MiB (ever\n+00009e50: 7974 6869 6e67 0a62 656c 6f77 2047 5255 ything.below GRU\n+00009e60: 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 2065 7665 B image) and eve\n+00009e70: 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 4752 rything above GR\n+00009e80: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d 2032 UB image (from 2\n+00009e90: 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 0a73 697a MiB + kernel.siz\n+00009ea0: 6529 2075 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 4220 e) until 256MiB \n+00009eb0: 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 702e is part of heap.\n+00009ec0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 .. On mips-arc\n+00009ed0: 2073 7461 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 stack is 2MiB (\n+00009ee0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2062 656c 6f77 everything below\n+00009ef0: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 GRUB image) and\n+00009f00: 0a65 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 .everything abov\n+00009f10: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2866 726f e GRUB image(fro\n+00009f20: 6d20 324d 6942 202b 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 m 2MiB + kernel \n+00009f30: 7369 7a65 2920 756e 7469 6c20 3132 384d size) until 128M\n+00009f40: 6942 2069 730a 7061 7274 206f 6620 6865 iB is.part of he\n+00009f50: 6170 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 206d 6970 7365 ap... On mipse\n+00009f60: 6c2d 6172 6320 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 l-arc stack is 2\n+00009f70: 4d69 4220 2865 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 MiB (everything \n+00009f80: 6265 6c6f 7720 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 below GRUB image\n+00009f90: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 7061 which is not.pa\n+00009fa0: 7274 206f 6620 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2065 rt of ARC) and e\n+00009fb0: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 verything above \n+00009fc0: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d GRUB image (from\n+00009fd0: 2037 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7MiB + kernel s\n+00009fe0: 697a 6529 0a75 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 ize).until 256Mi\n+00009ff0: 4220 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 B is part of hea\n+0000a000: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6172 6d2d 7562 p... On arm-ub\n+0000a010: 6f6f 7420 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 3536 oot stack is 256\n+0000a020: 4b69 4220 616e 6420 6865 6170 2069 7320 KiB and heap is \n+0000a030: 324d 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2073 686f 2MiB... In sho\n+0000a040: 7274 3a0a 0a50 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 2020 rt:..Platform \n+0000a050: 2053 7461 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Stack \n+0000a060: 2020 2020 4865 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Heap.-------\n 0000a070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000a0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000a0b0: 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 4d69 emu 8 Mi\n-0000a0c0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f B ?\n-0000a0d0: 0a69 3338 362d 7063 2020 2020 2036 3020 .i386-pc 60 \n-0000a0e0: 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 KiB \n-0000a0f0: 3c20 3420 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 < 4 GiB.i386-cor\n-0000a100: 6562 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 4220 2020 2020 eboot60 KiB \n-0000a110: 2020 2020 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a69 < 4 GiB.i\n-0000a120: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7436 3020 386-multiboot60 \n-0000a130: 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 KiB < \n-0000a140: 3420 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d71 656d 7520 4 GiB.i386-qemu \n-0000a150: 2020 3630 204b 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 60 KiB \n-0000a160: 2020 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a2a 2d65 < 4 GiB.*-e\n-0000a170: 6669 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 fi ? \n-0000a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 312e < 1.\n-0000a190: 3620 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 6 GiB.i386-ieee1\n-0000a1a0: 3237 353f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 275? \n-0000a1b0: 2020 2020 203c 2033 3220 4d69 420a 706f < 32 MiB.po\n-0000a1c0: 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3f20 werpc-ieee1275? \n-0000a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c 2033 < 3\n-0000a1e0: 3220 4d69 420a 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 2 MiB.sparc64-ie\n-0000a1f0: 6565 3132 3735 3235 364b 6942 2020 2020 ee1275256KiB \n-0000a200: 2020 2020 2032 204d 6942 0a61 726d 2d75 2 MiB.arm-u\n-0000a210: 626f 6f74 2020 2032 3536 4b69 4220 2020 boot 256KiB \n-0000a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 4d69 420a 2 MiB.\n-0000a230: 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 mips(el)-qemu_mi\n-0000a240: 7073 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 ps2MiB 2\n-0000a250: 3533 204d 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 53 MiB.mipsel-lo\n-0000a260: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 ongson2MiB \n-0000a270: 2020 2020 2020 3235 3320 4d69 420a 6d69 253 MiB.mi\n-0000a280: 7073 2d61 7263 2020 2020 324d 6942 2020 ps-arc 2MiB \n-0000a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3235 125\n-0000a2a0: 204d 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6172 6320 MiB.mipsel-arc \n-0000a2b0: 2032 4d69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2MiB \n-0000a2c0: 2020 2020 3234 3820 4d69 420a 7838 365f 248 MiB.x86_\n-0000a2d0: 3634 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 2020 2020 64-xen 4MiB \n-0000a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e6c 696d unlim\n-0000a2f0: 6974 6564 0a28 4743 4320 3e3d 0a34 2e34 ited.(GCC >=.4.4\n-0000a300: 290a 7838 365f 3634 2d78 656e 2020 344d ).x86_64-xen 4M\n-0000a310: 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iB \n-0000a320: 203c 2032 4769 420a 2847 4343 203c 0a34 < 2GiB.(GCC <.4\n-0000a330: 2e34 290a 6933 3836 2d78 656e 2020 2020 .4).i386-xen \n-0000a340: 344d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4MiB \n-0000a350: 2020 203c 2034 4769 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c < 4GiB....Fil\n-0000a360: 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f e: grub-dev.info\n-0000a370: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 706f , Node: BIOS po\n-0000a380: 7274 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702c 2020 rt memory map, \n-0000a390: 4e65 7874 3a20 5669 6465 6f20 5375 6273 Next: Video Subs\n-0000a3a0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 ystem, Prev: St\n-0000a3b0: 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a ack and heap siz\n-0000a3c0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2042 e, Up: Top..9 B\n-0000a3d0: 494f 5320 706f 7274 206d 656d 6f72 7920 IOS port memory \n-0000a3e0: 6d61 700a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a map.************\n-0000a3f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5374 6172 **********..Star\n-0000a400: 7420 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 2020 2020 t End \n-0000a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7361 6765 Usage\n-0000a420: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000a0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 656d -------------.em\n+0000a0b0: 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 4d69 4220 u 8 MiB \n+0000a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a69 ?.i\n+0000a0d0: 3338 362d 7063 2020 2020 2036 3020 4b69 386-pc 60 Ki\n+0000a0e0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 B < \n+0000a0f0: 3420 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 4 GiB.i386-coreb\n+0000a100: 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 oot60 KiB \n+0000a110: 2020 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a69 3338 < 4 GiB.i38\n+0000a120: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 6-multiboot60 Ki\n+0000a130: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 3420 B < 4 \n+0000a140: 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d71 656d 7520 2020 GiB.i386-qemu \n+0000a150: 3630 204b 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 60 KiB \n+0000a160: 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a2a 2d65 6669 < 4 GiB.*-efi\n+0000a170: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+0000a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 312e 3620 < 1.6 \n+0000a190: 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 GiB.i386-ieee127\n+0000a1a0: 353f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5? \n+0000a1b0: 2020 203c 2033 3220 4d69 420a 706f 7765 < 32 MiB.powe\n+0000a1c0: 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3f20 2020 rpc-ieee1275? \n+0000a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c 2033 3220 < 32 \n+0000a1e0: 4d69 420a 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 MiB.sparc64-ieee\n+0000a1f0: 3132 3735 3235 364b 6942 2020 2020 2020 1275256KiB \n+0000a200: 2020 2032 204d 6942 0a61 726d 2d75 626f 2 MiB.arm-ubo\n+0000a210: 6f74 2020 2032 3536 4b69 4220 2020 2020 ot 256KiB \n+0000a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 4d69 420a 6d69 2 MiB.mi\n+0000a230: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n+0000a240: 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 3533 2MiB 253\n+0000a250: 204d 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e MiB.mipsel-loon\n+0000a260: 6773 6f6e 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 gson2MiB \n+0000a270: 2020 2020 3235 3320 4d69 420a 6d69 7073 253 MiB.mips\n+0000a280: 2d61 7263 2020 2020 324d 6942 2020 2020 -arc 2MiB \n+0000a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3235 204d 125 M\n+0000a2a0: 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6172 6320 2032 iB.mipsel-arc 2\n+0000a2b0: 4d69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 MiB \n+0000a2c0: 2020 3234 3820 4d69 420a 7838 365f 3634 248 MiB.x86_64\n+0000a2d0: 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 2020 2020 2020 -xen 4MiB \n+0000a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 unlimit\n+0000a2f0: 6564 0a28 4743 4320 3e3d 0a34 2e34 290a ed.(GCC >=.4.4).\n+0000a300: 7838 365f 3634 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 x86_64-xen 4MiB\n+0000a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c <\n+0000a320: 2032 4769 420a 2847 4343 203c 0a34 2e34 2GiB.(GCC <.4.4\n+0000a330: 290a 6933 3836 2d78 656e 2020 2020 344d ).i386-xen 4M\n+0000a340: 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iB \n+0000a350: 203c 2034 4769 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a < 4GiB....File:\n+0000a360: 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 grub-dev.info, \n+0000a370: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 706f 7274 Node: BIOS port\n+0000a380: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 memory map, Ne\n+0000a390: 7874 3a20 5669 6465 6f20 5375 6273 7973 xt: Video Subsys\n+0000a3a0: 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 6163 tem, Prev: Stac\n+0000a3b0: 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a 652c k and heap size,\n+0000a3c0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2042 494f Up: Top..9 BIO\n+0000a3d0: 5320 706f 7274 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 S port memory ma\n+0000a3e0: 700a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a p.**************\n+0000a3f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5374 6172 7420 ********..Start \n+0000a400: 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 2020 2020 2020 End \n+0000a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7361 6765 0a2d Usage.-\n+0000a420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a440: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000a460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -----.0 \n-0000a470: 2020 3078 3130 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 0x1000 - 1 \n-0000a480: 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7265 BIOS and re\n-0000a490: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 696e 7465 7272 7570 al mode interrup\n-0000a4a0: 7473 0a30 7830 3742 4520 2020 2020 2030 ts.0x07BE 0\n-0000a4b0: 7830 3746 4620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x07FF \n-0000a4c0: 2020 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c Partition tabl\n-0000a4d0: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 e passed to anot\n-0000a4e0: 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 her. \n+0000a460: 2d2d 2d0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ---.0 \n+0000a470: 3078 3130 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 0x1000 - 1 \n+0000a480: 2020 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7265 616c BIOS and real\n+0000a490: 206d 6f64 6520 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 mode interrupts\n+0000a4a0: 0a30 7830 3742 4520 2020 2020 2030 7830 .0x07BE 0x0\n+0000a4b0: 3746 4620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7FF \n+0000a4c0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 Partition table \n+0000a4d0: 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 passed to anothe\n+0000a4e0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n 0000a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a500: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3f boot loader.?\n-0000a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 7832 3030 0x200\n-0000a520: 3020 2d20 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 0 - 1 Re\n-0000a530: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 7374 6163 6b0a 3078 al mode stack.0x\n-0000a540: 3743 3030 2020 2020 2020 3078 3744 3030 7C00 0x7D00\n-0000a550: 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f - 1 Boo\n-0000a560: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 0a30 7838 3030 3020 t sector.0x8000 \n-0000a570: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-0000a580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 206b 6572 GRUB ker\n-0000a590: 6e65 6c0a 3078 3638 3030 3020 2020 2020 nel.0x68000 \n-0000a5a0: 3078 3731 3030 3020 2d20 3120 2020 2020 0x71000 - 1 \n-0000a5b0: 2020 2044 6973 6b20 6275 6666 6572 0a3f Disk buffer.?\n-0000a5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 7838 3030 0x800\n-0000a5d0: 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 00 - 1 Pr\n-0000a5e0: 6f74 6563 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 2073 7461 otected mode sta\n-0000a5f0: 636b 0a3f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 ck.? 0\n-0000a600: 7841 3030 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 xA0000 - 1 \n-0000a610: 2020 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 Extended BIOS \n-0000a620: 4461 7461 2041 7265 610a 3078 4130 3030 Data Area.0xA000\n-0000a630: 3020 2020 2020 3078 4330 3030 3020 2d20 0 0xC0000 - \n-0000a640: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2056 6964 656f 2052 1 Video R\n-0000a650: 414d 0a30 7843 3030 3030 2020 2020 2030 AM.0xC0000 0\n-0000a660: 7831 3030 3030 3020 2d20 3120 2020 2020 x100000 - 1 \n-0000a670: 2020 4249 4f53 0a30 7831 3030 3030 3020 BIOS.0x100000 \n-0000a680: 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? 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If a\n+0000abd0: 6c6c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 ll parameters ar\n+0000abe0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 207a e specified as z\n+0000abf0: 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f20 ero,. video \n+0000ac00: 6164 6170 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 adapter will try\n+0000ac10: 2074 6f20 6669 6775 7265 206f 7574 2062 to figure out b\n+0000ac20: 6573 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 206d 6f64 est possible mod\n+0000ac30: 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7469 e and. initi\n+0000ac40: 616c 697a 6520 6974 2c20 706c 6174 666f alize it, platfo\n+0000ac50: 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6469 6666 rm specific diff\n+0000ac60: 6572 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c6f erences are allo\n+0000ac70: 7765 6420 6865 7265 2e20 2049 660a 2020 wed here. If. \n+0000ac80: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 206d there is no m\n+0000ac90: 6f64 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2072 6571 ode matching req\n+0000aca0: 7565 7374 2c20 6572 726f 7220 5820 7769 uest, error X wi\n+0000acb0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7475 726e 6564 2e20 ll be returned. \n+0000acc0: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2061 If. there a\n+0000acd0: 7265 206e 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 re no problems, \n+0000ace0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e73 function returns\n+0000acf0: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 'GRUB_ERR_NONE'\n+0000ad00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e ... This fun\n+0000ad10: 6374 696f 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6572 666f ction also perfo\n+0000ad20: 726d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 rms following ta\n+0000ad30: 736b 2075 706f 6e20 7375 6363 6573 6675 sk upon succesfu\n+0000ad40: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7377 6974 l mode. swit\n+0000ad50: 6368 2e20 2041 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 ch. Active rend\n+0000ad60: 6572 696e 6720 7461 7267 6574 2069 7320 ering target is \n+0000ad70: 6368 616e 6765 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 changed to scree\n+0000ad80: 6e20 616e 6420 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a20 n and viewport. \n+0000ad90: 2020 2020 6973 206d 6178 696d 697a 6564 is maximized\n+0000ada0: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7768 6f6c 6520 to allow whole \n+0000adb0: 7363 7265 656e 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 screen to be use\n+0000adc0: 6420 7768 656e 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e d when performin\n+0000add0: 670a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 g. graphics \n+0000ade0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6e20 operations. In \n+0000adf0: 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 732c 2065 6d75 6c61 RGB modes, emula\n+0000ae00: 7465 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6765 7473 ted palette gets\n+0000ae10: 2031 360a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 16. entries\n+0000ae20: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6465 6661 containing defa\n+0000ae30: 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 2056 ult values for V\n+0000ae40: 4741 2070 616c 6574 7465 2c20 6f74 6865 GA palette, othe\n+0000ae50: 7220 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 r colors are. \n+0000ae60: 2020 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6173 2062 6c61 defined as bla\n+0000ae70: 636b 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7377 6974 6368 ck. When switch\n+0000ae80: 696e 6720 746f 2049 6e64 6578 6564 2043 ing to Indexed C\n+0000ae90: 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 2064 7269 7665 olor mode, drive\n+0000aea0: 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2064 r may. set d\n+0000aeb0: 6566 6175 6c74 2056 4741 2070 616c 6574 efault VGA palet\n+0000aec0: 7465 2074 6f20 7363 7265 656e 2069 6620 te to screen if \n+0000aed0: 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6361 7264 2061 the video card a\n+0000aee0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f llows the. o\n+0000aef0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e peration...10.1.\n+0000af00: 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 6573 2 grub_video_res\n+0000af10: 746f 7265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tore.-----------\n+0000af20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000af30: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000af40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000af50: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000af60: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 6573 746f grub_video_resto\n+0000af70: 7265 2028 766f 6964 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 re (void);. * \n+0000af80: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2056 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 Video subsyst\n+0000afa0: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 6465 696e 6974 6961 em will deinitia\n+0000afb0: 6c69 7a65 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2076 lize activated v\n+0000afc0: 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 746f 2072 ideo driver to r\n+0000afd0: 6573 746f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6f6c 6420 estore. old \n+0000afe0: 7374 6174 6520 6f66 2076 6964 656f 2064 state of video d\n+0000aff0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e evice. This can\n+0000b000: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7377 6974 be used to swit\n+0000b010: 6368 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6578 740a ch back to text.\n+0000b020: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 3130 2e31 mode...10.1\n+0000b030: 2e33 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 .3 grub_video_ge\n+0000b040: 745f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_info.---------\n 0000b050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000b060: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n-0000b070: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n-0000b080: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000b0a0: 6765 745f 696e 666f 2028 7374 7275 6374 get_info (struct\n-0000b0b0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 grub_video_mode\n-0000b0c0: 5f69 6e66 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f _info *mode_info\n-0000b0d0: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 );. str\n-0000b0e0: 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d uct grub_video_m\n-0000b0f0: 6f64 655f 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ode_info. \n-0000b100: 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000b110: 202f 2a20 5769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 /* Width of the\n-0000b120: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 screen. */. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n-0000b140: 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 683b 0a20 2020 d int width;. \n-0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4865 6967 /* Heig\n-0000b160: 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e ht of the screen\n-0000b170: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . */. \n-0000b180: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 unsigned int h\n-0000b190: 6569 6768 743b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight;. \n-0000b1a0: 2020 202f 2a20 4d6f 6465 2074 7970 6520 /* Mode type \n-0000b1b0: 6269 746d 6173 6b2e 2020 436f 6e74 6169 bitmask. Contai\n-0000b1c0: 6e73 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206c ns information l\n-0000b1d0: 696b 6520 6973 2069 7420 496e 6465 7820 ike is it Index \n-0000b1e0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 color or. \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 RGB mode\n-0000b200: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . */. \n-0000b210: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d unsigned int m\n-0000b220: 6f64 655f 7479 7065 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 ode_type;. \n-0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2042 6974 7320 7065 /* Bits pe\n-0000b240: 7220 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 r pixel. */. \n-0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n-0000b260: 6420 696e 7420 6270 703b 0a20 2020 2020 d int bpp;. \n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4279 7465 7320 /* Bytes \n-0000b280: 7065 7220 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 per pixel. */. \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 unsig\n-0000b2a0: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6279 7465 735f 7065 ned int bytes_pe\n-0000b2b0: 725f 7069 7865 6c3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r_pixel;. \n-0000b2c0: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5069 7463 6820 6f66 /* Pitch of\n-0000b2d0: 206f 6e65 2073 6361 6e6c 696e 652e 2020 one scanline. \n-0000b2e0: 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 7974 6573 2074 How many bytes t\n-0000b2f0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6f72 2073 6361 here are for sca\n-0000b300: 6e6c 696e 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 nline. */. \n-0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n-0000b320: 696e 7420 7069 7463 683b 0a20 2020 2020 int pitch;. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 496e 2069 6e64 /* In ind\n-0000b340: 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 206e ex color mode, n\n-0000b350: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e umber of colors.\n-0000b360: 2020 496e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 6520 7468 In RGB mode th\n-0000b370: 6973 2069 7320 3235 362e 2020 2a2f 0a20 is is 256. */. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 unsig\n-0000b390: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 5f6f ned int number_o\n-0000b3a0: 665f 636f 6c6f 7273 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 f_colors;. \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204f 7074 696d 697a /* Optimiz\n-0000b3c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6869 6e74 2068 6f77 2062 ation hint how b\n-0000b3d0: 696e 6172 7920 6461 7461 2069 7320 636f inary data is co\n-0000b3e0: 6465 642e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ded. */. \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 enum grub_v\n-0000b400: 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 ideo_blit_format\n-0000b410: 2062 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 3b0a 2020 blit_format;. \n-0000b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 /* How\n-0000b430: 206d 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 many bits are r\n-0000b440: 6573 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 7265 6420 eserved for red \n-0000b450: 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 color. */. \n-0000b460: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n-0000b470: 696e 7420 7265 645f 6d61 736b 5f73 697a int red_mask_siz\n-0000b480: 653b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f e;. /\n-0000b490: 2a20 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7469 * What is locati\n-0000b4a0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 on of red color \n-0000b4b0: 6269 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 bits. In Index \n-0000b4c0: 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c20 7468 6973 Color mode, this\n-0000b4d0: 2069 7320 302e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 is 0. */. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n-0000b4f0: 696e 7420 7265 645f 6669 656c 645f 706f int red_field_po\n-0000b500: 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f s;. /\n-0000b510: 2a20 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 6974 7320 * How many bits \n-0000b520: 6172 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 are reserved for\n-0000b530: 2067 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a green color. *\n-0000b540: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e /. un\n-0000b550: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 656e signed int green\n-0000b560: 5f6d 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 _mask_size;. \n-0000b570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 /* What \n-0000b580: 6973 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2067 is location of g\n-0000b590: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2062 6974 732e reen color bits.\n-0000b5a0: 2020 496e 2049 6e64 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 In Index Color\n-0000b5b0: 206d 6f64 652c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 mode, this is 0\n-0000b5c0: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . */. \n-0000b5d0: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 unsigned int g\n-0000b5e0: 7265 656e 5f66 6965 6c64 5f70 6f73 3b0a reen_field_pos;.\n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 /* H\n-0000b600: 6f77 206d 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 ow many bits are\n-0000b610: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 626c reserved for bl\n-0000b620: 7565 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 ue color. */. \n-0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n-0000b640: 6564 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6d61 736b ed int blue_mask\n-0000b650: 5f73 697a 653b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _size;. \n-0000b660: 2020 202f 2a20 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f /* What is lo\n-0000b670: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626c 7565 2063 cation of blue c\n-0000b680: 6f6c 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 496e 2049 olor bits. In I\n-0000b690: 6e64 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c ndex Color mode,\n-0000b6a0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a this is 0. */.\n-0000b6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 unsi\n-0000b6c0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6669 gned int blue_fi\n-0000b6d0: 656c 645f 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eld_pos;. \n-0000b6e0: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 /* How many\n-0000b6f0: 2062 6974 7320 6172 6520 7265 7365 7276 bits are reserv\n-0000b700: 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f ed in color. */\n-0000b710: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 . uns\n-0000b720: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7265 7365 7276 igned int reserv\n-0000b730: 6564 5f6d 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 ed_mask_size;. \n-0000b740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 /* Wha\n-0000b750: 7420 6973 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 t is location of\n-0000b760: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 reserved color \n-0000b770: 6269 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 bits. In Index \n-0000b780: 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 Color mode,. \n-0000b790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 this \n-0000b7a0: 6973 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 is 0. */. \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 unsigned i\n-0000b7c0: 6e74 2072 6573 6572 7665 645f 6669 656c nt reserved_fiel\n-0000b7d0: 645f 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_pos;. \n-0000b7e0: 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 };. * Descrip\n-0000b7f0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 tion:.. Soft\n-0000b800: 7761 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2063 ware developer c\n-0000b810: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 an use this func\n-0000b820: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 7072 tion to query pr\n-0000b830: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 operties of. \n-0000b840: 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e active renderin\n-0000b850: 6720 7461 6765 742e 2020 496e 666f 726d g taget. Inform\n-0000b860: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2068 ation provided h\n-0000b870: 6572 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ere can be used \n-0000b880: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 7061 by. other pa\n-0000b890: 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b rts of GRUB, lik\n-0000b8a0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 e image loaders \n-0000b8b0: 746f 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 206c 6f61 6465 to convert loade\n-0000b8c0: 6420 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 d images to. \n-0000b8d0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6372 6565 6e20 correct screen \n-0000b8e0: 666f 726d 6174 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 format to allow \n-0000b8f0: 6d6f 7265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2062 more optimized b\n-0000b900: 6c69 7474 6572 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 litters to be us\n-0000b910: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 ed.. If ther\n-0000b920: 6520 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f e there is no co\n-0000b930: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2076 6964 656f 2064 nfigured video d\n-0000b940: 7269 7665 7220 7769 7468 2061 6374 6976 river with activ\n-0000b950: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2065 e screen,. e\n-0000b960: 7272 6f72 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f42 rror 'GRUB_ERR_B\n-0000b970: 4144 5f44 4556 4943 4527 2069 7320 7265 AD_DEVICE' is re\n-0000b980: 7475 726e 6564 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 turned, otherwis\n-0000b990: 6520 276d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 2720 6973 e 'mode_info' is\n-0000b9a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 . filled wit\n-0000b9b0: 6820 7661 6c69 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 h valid informat\n-0000b9c0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4552 ion and 'GRUB_ER\n-0000b9d0: 525f 4e4f 4e45 2720 6973 2072 6574 7572 R_NONE' is retur\n-0000b9e0: 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e34 2067 7275 ned...10.1.4 gru\n-0000b9f0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 626c 6974 b_video_get_blit\n-0000ba00: 5f66 6f72 6d61 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _format.--------\n+0000b060: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000b070: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000b080: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000b090: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 grub_video_ge\n+0000b0a0: 745f 696e 666f 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 t_info (struct g\n+0000b0b0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 rub_video_mode_i\n+0000b0c0: 6e66 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b nfo *mode_info);\n+0000b0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 . struc\n+0000b0e0: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 t grub_video_mod\n+0000b0f0: 655f 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_info. \n+0000b100: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f {. /\n+0000b110: 2a20 5769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 * Width of the s\n+0000b120: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 creen. */. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n+0000b140: 696e 7420 7769 6474 683b 0a20 2020 2020 int width;. \n+0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4865 6967 6874 /* Height\n+0000b160: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 of the screen. \n+0000b170: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b180: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 unsigned int hei\n+0000b190: 6768 743b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght;. \n+0000b1a0: 202f 2a20 4d6f 6465 2074 7970 6520 6269 /* Mode type bi\n+0000b1b0: 746d 6173 6b2e 2020 436f 6e74 6169 6e73 tmask. Contains\n+0000b1c0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206c 696b information lik\n+0000b1d0: 6520 6973 2069 7420 496e 6465 7820 636f e is it Index co\n+0000b1e0: 6c6f 7220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor or. \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 2e20 RGB mode. \n+0000b200: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b210: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d 6f64 unsigned int mod\n+0000b220: 655f 7479 7065 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_type;. \n+0000b230: 2020 2020 2f2a 2042 6974 7320 7065 7220 /* Bits per \n+0000b240: 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 pixel. */. \n+0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n+0000b260: 696e 7420 6270 703b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 int bpp;. \n+0000b270: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4279 7465 7320 7065 /* Bytes pe\n+0000b280: 7220 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 r pixel. */. \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n+0000b2a0: 6420 696e 7420 6279 7465 735f 7065 725f d int bytes_per_\n+0000b2b0: 7069 7865 6c3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pixel;. \n+0000b2c0: 2020 202f 2a20 5069 7463 6820 6f66 206f /* Pitch of o\n+0000b2d0: 6e65 2073 6361 6e6c 696e 652e 2020 486f ne scanline. Ho\n+0000b2e0: 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 7974 6573 2074 6865 w many bytes the\n+0000b2f0: 7265 2061 7265 2066 6f72 2073 6361 6e6c re are for scanl\n+0000b300: 696e 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ine. */. \n+0000b310: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b320: 7420 7069 7463 683b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t pitch;. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 496e 2069 6e64 6578 /* In index\n+0000b340: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 206e 756d color mode, num\n+0000b350: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 ber of colors. \n+0000b360: 496e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6973 In RGB mode this\n+0000b370: 2069 7320 3235 362e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 is 256. */. \n+0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n+0000b390: 6420 696e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 5f6f 665f d int number_of_\n+0000b3a0: 636f 6c6f 7273 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 colors;. \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2f2a 204f 7074 696d 697a 6174 /* Optimizat\n+0000b3c0: 696f 6e20 6869 6e74 2068 6f77 2062 696e ion hint how bin\n+0000b3d0: 6172 7920 6461 7461 2069 7320 636f 6465 ary data is code\n+0000b3e0: 642e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. */. \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 enum grub_vid\n+0000b400: 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 eo_blit_format b\n+0000b410: 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 3b0a 2020 2020 lit_format;. \n+0000b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 206d /* How m\n+0000b430: 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 6573 any bits are res\n+0000b440: 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 7265 6420 636f erved for red co\n+0000b450: 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lor. */. \n+0000b460: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b470: 7420 7265 645f 6d61 736b 5f73 697a 653b t red_mask_size;\n+0000b480: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 . /* \n+0000b490: 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e What is location\n+0000b4a0: 206f 6620 7265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 of red color bi\n+0000b4b0: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f ts. In Index Co\n+0000b4c0: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c20 7468 6973 2069 lor mode, this i\n+0000b4d0: 7320 302e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s 0. */. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b4f0: 7420 7265 645f 6669 656c 645f 706f 733b t red_field_pos;\n+0000b500: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 . /* \n+0000b510: 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 6974 7320 6172 How many bits ar\n+0000b520: 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 2067 e reserved for g\n+0000b530: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a reen color. */.\n+0000b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 unsi\n+0000b550: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 656e 5f6d gned int green_m\n+0000b560: 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 ask_size;. \n+0000b570: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 6973 /* What is\n+0000b580: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2067 7265 location of gre\n+0000b590: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 en color bits. \n+0000b5a0: 496e 2049 6e64 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d In Index Color m\n+0000b5b0: 6f64 652c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 ode, this is 0. \n+0000b5c0: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b5d0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 unsigned int gre\n+0000b5e0: 656e 5f66 6965 6c64 5f70 6f73 3b0a 2020 en_field_pos;. \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 /* How\n+0000b600: 206d 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 many bits are r\n+0000b610: 6573 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 626c 7565 eserved for blue\n+0000b620: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 color. */. \n+0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+0000b640: 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6d61 736b 5f73 int blue_mask_s\n+0000b650: 697a 653b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ize;. \n+0000b660: 202f 2a20 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 /* What is loca\n+0000b670: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626c 7565 2063 6f6c tion of blue col\n+0000b680: 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 496e 2049 6e64 or bits. In Ind\n+0000b690: 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 2074 ex Color mode, t\n+0000b6a0: 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 his is 0. */. \n+0000b6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n+0000b6c0: 6564 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6669 656c ed int blue_fiel\n+0000b6d0: 645f 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_pos;. \n+0000b6e0: 2020 202f 2a20 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 /* How many b\n+0000b6f0: 6974 7320 6172 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 its are reserved\n+0000b700: 2069 6e20 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 in color. */. \n+0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 unsig\n+0000b720: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7265 7365 7276 6564 ned int reserved\n+0000b730: 5f6d 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 _mask_size;. \n+0000b740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 /* What \n+0000b750: 6973 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2072 is location of r\n+0000b760: 6573 6572 7665 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 eserved color bi\n+0000b770: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f ts. In Index Co\n+0000b780: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 lor mode,. \n+0000b790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 6973 this is\n+0000b7a0: 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 0. */. \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 unsigned int\n+0000b7c0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 645f 6669 656c 645f reserved_field_\n+0000b7d0: 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d pos;. }\n+0000b7e0: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000b7f0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 7761 on:.. Softwa\n+0000b800: 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2063 616e re developer can\n+0000b810: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 use this functi\n+0000b820: 6f6e 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 7072 6f70 on to query prop\n+0000b830: 6572 7469 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2061 erties of. a\n+0000b840: 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 ctive rendering \n+0000b850: 7461 6765 742e 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 taget. Informat\n+0000b860: 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2068 6572 ion provided her\n+0000b870: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 e can be used by\n+0000b880: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 . other part\n+0000b890: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b 6520 s of GRUB, like \n+0000b8a0: 696d 6167 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 746f image loaders to\n+0000b8b0: 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 206c 6f61 6465 6420 convert loaded \n+0000b8c0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 images to. c\n+0000b8d0: 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6372 6565 6e20 666f orrect screen fo\n+0000b8e0: 726d 6174 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 6d6f rmat to allow mo\n+0000b8f0: 7265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2062 6c69 re optimized bli\n+0000b900: 7474 6572 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 tters to be used\n+0000b910: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 .. If there \n+0000b920: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6e66 there is no conf\n+0000b930: 6967 7572 6564 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 igured video dri\n+0000b940: 7665 7220 7769 7468 2061 6374 6976 6520 ver with active \n+0000b950: 7363 7265 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 screen,. err\n+0000b960: 6f72 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f42 4144 or 'GRUB_ERR_BAD\n+0000b970: 5f44 4556 4943 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 _DEVICE' is retu\n+0000b980: 726e 6564 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 rned, otherwise \n+0000b990: 276d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 2720 6973 0a20 'mode_info' is. \n+0000b9a0: 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 6820 filled with \n+0000b9b0: 7661 6c69 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f valid informatio\n+0000b9c0: 6e20 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f n and 'GRUB_ERR_\n+0000b9d0: 4e4f 4e45 2720 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 NONE' is returne\n+0000b9e0: 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e34 2067 7275 625f d...10.1.4 grub_\n+0000b9f0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 626c 6974 5f66 video_get_blit_f\n+0000ba00: 6f72 6d61 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ormat.----------\n 0000ba10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ba20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n-0000ba30: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f enum grub_\n-0000ba50: 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f66 6f72 6d61 video_blit_forma\n-0000ba60: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n-0000ba70: 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f62 6c69 745f _video_get_blit_\n-0000ba80: 666f 726d 6174 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 format (struct g\n-0000ba90: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 rub_video_mode_i\n-0000baa0: 6e66 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b nfo *mode_info);\n-0000bab0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 . enum \n-0000bac0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f grub_video_blit_\n-0000bad0: 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 format. \n-0000bae0: 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000baf0: 2020 202f 2a20 466f 6c6c 6f77 2065 7861 /* Follow exa\n-0000bb00: 6374 6c79 2066 6965 6c64 2026 206d 6173 ctly field & mas\n-0000bb10: 6b20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 k information. \n-0000bb20: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n-0000bb30: 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 GRUB_VIDEO_BLIT\n-0000bb40: 5f46 4f52 4d41 545f 5247 4241 2c0a 2020 _FORMAT_RGBA,. \n-0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204d /* M\n-0000bb60: 616b 6520 6f70 7469 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e ake optimization\n-0000bb70: 2061 7373 756d 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f assumption. */\n-0000bb80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n-0000bb90: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 RUB_VIDEO_BLIT_F\n-0000bba0: 4f52 4d41 545f 5238 4738 4238 4138 2c0a ORMAT_R8G8B8A8,.\n-0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a /*\n-0000bbc0: 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7720 6578 6163 746c 7920 Follow exactly \n-0000bbd0: 6669 656c 6420 2620 6d61 736b 2069 6e66 field & mask inf\n-0000bbe0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 ormation. */. \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n-0000bc00: 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d _VIDEO_BLIT_FORM\n-0000bc10: 4154 5f52 4742 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 AT_RGB,. \n-0000bc20: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b 6520 6f70 /* Make op\n-0000bc30: 7469 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 756d timization assum\n-0000bc40: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ption. */. \n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 GRUB_VI\n-0000bc60: 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 4d41 545f DEO_BLIT_FORMAT_\n-0000bc70: 5238 4738 4238 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 R8G8B8,. \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6865 6e20 6e65 /* When ne\n-0000bc90: 6564 6564 2c20 6465 636f 6465 2063 6f6c eded, decode col\n-0000bca0: 6f72 206f 7220 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2076 or or just use v\n-0000bcb0: 616c 7565 2061 7320 6973 2e20 202a 2f0a alue as is. */.\n-0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-0000bcd0: 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f UB_VIDEO_BLIT_FO\n-0000bce0: 524d 4154 5f49 4e44 4558 434f 4c4f 520a RMAT_INDEXCOLOR.\n-0000bcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 };. \n-0000bd00: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n-0000bd10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2071 .. Used to q\n-0000bd20: 7565 7279 2068 6f77 2064 6174 6120 636f uery how data co\n-0000bd30: 756c 6420 6265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 uld be optimized\n-0000bd40: 2074 6f20 7375 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 to suit specifi\n-0000bd50: 6564 2076 6964 656f 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f ed video. mo\n-0000bd60: 6465 2e20 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2065 7861 de. Returns exa\n-0000bd70: 6374 2076 6964 656f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 ct video format \n-0000bd80: 7479 7065 2c20 6f72 2061 2067 656e 6572 type, or a gener\n-0000bd90: 6963 206f 6e65 2069 6620 7468 6572 650a ic one if there.\n-0000bda0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 2064 6566 696e is no defin\n-0000bdb0: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7479 ition for the ty\n-0000bdc0: 7065 2e20 2046 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6963 pe. For generic\n-0000bdd0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2c20 7573 650a 2020 formats, use. \n-0000bde0: 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 'grub_video_g\n-0000bdf0: 6574 5f69 6e66 6f27 2074 6f20 7175 6572 et_info' to quer\n-0000be00: 7920 7669 6465 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 636f y video color co\n-0000be10: 6469 6e67 2073 6574 7469 6e67 732e 0a0a ding settings...\n-0000be20: 3130 2e31 2e35 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 10.1.5 grub_vide\n-0000be30: 6f5f 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d o_set_palette.--\n+0000ba20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 -------.. * Pr\n+0000ba30: 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ototype:.. \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 enum grub_vi\n+0000ba50: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f66 6f72 6d61 740a deo_blit_format.\n+0000ba60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n+0000ba70: 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f62 6c69 745f 666f ideo_get_blit_fo\n+0000ba80: 726d 6174 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 rmat (struct gru\n+0000ba90: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 b_video_mode_inf\n+0000baa0: 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b 0a20 o *mode_info);. \n+0000bab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 enum gr\n+0000bac0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f ub_video_blit_fo\n+0000bad0: 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmat. \n+0000bae0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000baf0: 202f 2a20 466f 6c6c 6f77 2065 7861 6374 /* Follow exact\n+0000bb00: 6c79 2066 6965 6c64 2026 206d 6173 6b20 ly field & mask \n+0000bb10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f information. */\n+0000bb20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n+0000bb30: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 RUB_VIDEO_BLIT_F\n+0000bb40: 4f52 4d41 545f 5247 4241 2c0a 2020 2020 ORMAT_RGBA,. \n+0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b /* Mak\n+0000bb60: 6520 6f70 7469 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 e optimization a\n+0000bb70: 7373 756d 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 ssumption. */. \n+0000bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 GRU\n+0000bb90: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 B_VIDEO_BLIT_FOR\n+0000bba0: 4d41 545f 5238 4738 4238 4138 2c0a 2020 MAT_R8G8B8A8,. \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 /* F\n+0000bbc0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 6578 6163 746c 7920 6669 ollow exactly fi\n+0000bbd0: 656c 6420 2620 6d61 736b 2069 6e66 6f72 eld & mask infor\n+0000bbe0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 mation. */. \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 GRUB_V\n+0000bc00: 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d 4154 IDEO_BLIT_FORMAT\n+0000bc10: 5f52 4742 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _RGB,. \n+0000bc20: 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b 6520 6f70 7469 /* Make opti\n+0000bc30: 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 756d 7074 mization assumpt\n+0000bc40: 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ion. */. \n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 GRUB_VIDE\n+0000bc60: 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 4d41 545f 5238 O_BLIT_FORMAT_R8\n+0000bc70: 4738 4238 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 G8B8,. \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6865 6e20 6e65 6564 /* When need\n+0000bc90: 6564 2c20 6465 636f 6465 2063 6f6c 6f72 ed, decode color\n+0000bca0: 206f 7220 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2076 616c or just use val\n+0000bcb0: 7565 2061 7320 6973 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 ue as is. */. \n+0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n+0000bcd0: 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d _VIDEO_BLIT_FORM\n+0000bce0: 4154 5f49 4e44 4558 434f 4c4f 520a 2020 AT_INDEXCOLOR. \n+0000bcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 };. \n+0000bd00: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 Used to que\n+0000bd20: 7279 2068 6f77 2064 6174 6120 636f 756c ry how data coul\n+0000bd30: 6420 6265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2074 d be optimized t\n+0000bd40: 6f20 7375 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 o suit specified\n+0000bd50: 2076 6964 656f 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 video. mode\n+0000bd60: 2e20 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2065 7861 6374 . Returns exact\n+0000bd70: 2076 6964 656f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7479 video format ty\n+0000bd80: 7065 2c20 6f72 2061 2067 656e 6572 6963 pe, or a generic\n+0000bd90: 206f 6e65 2069 6620 7468 6572 650a 2020 one if there. \n+0000bda0: 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 2064 6566 696e 6974 is no definit\n+0000bdb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7479 7065 ion for the type\n+0000bdc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6963 2066 . For generic f\n+0000bdd0: 6f72 6d61 7473 2c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 ormats, use. \n+0000bde0: 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 'grub_video_get\n+0000bdf0: 5f69 6e66 6f27 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 _info' to query \n+0000be00: 7669 6465 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6469 video color codi\n+0000be10: 6e67 2073 6574 7469 6e67 732e 0a0a 3130 ng settings...10\n+0000be20: 2e31 2e35 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.5 grub_video_\n+0000be30: 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d set_palette.----\n 0000be40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000be50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n-0000be60: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n-0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n-0000be80: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n-0000be90: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7061 6c65 b_video_set_pale\n-0000bea0: 7474 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e tte (unsigned in\n-0000beb0: 7420 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 t start, unsigne\n-0000bec0: 6420 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 d int count, str\n-0000bed0: 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 uct grub_video_p\n-0000bee0: 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c alette_data *pal\n-0000bef0: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 ette_data);. \n-0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 struct gru\n-0000bf10: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f b_video_palette_\n-0000bf20: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b data. {\n-0000bf30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 . g\n-0000bf40: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f rub_uint8_t r; /\n-0000bf50: 2a20 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 * Red color valu\n-0000bf60: 6520 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 e (0-255). */. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 grub\n-0000bf80: 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 _uint8_t g; /* G\n-0000bf90: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 reen color value\n-0000bfa0: 2028 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 (0-255). */. \n-0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f grub_\n-0000bfc0: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c uint8_t b; /* Bl\n-0000bfd0: 7565 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 ue color value (\n-0000bfe0: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n-0000c000: 6e74 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 nt8_t a; /* Rese\n-0000c010: 7276 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 rved bits value \n-0000c020: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n-0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 };. * De\n-0000c040: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000c050: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 7570 2069 Used to setup i\n-0000c060: 6e64 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c ndexed color pal\n-0000c070: 6574 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 ettes. If mode \n-0000c080: 6973 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c is RGB mode, col\n-0000c090: 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ors. will be\n-0000c0a0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656d 756c 6174 6564 set to emulated\n-0000c0b0: 2070 616c 6574 7465 2064 6174 612e 2020 palette data. \n-0000c0c0: 496e 2049 6e64 6578 6564 2043 6f6c 6f72 In Indexed Color\n-0000c0d0: 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 616c modes,. pal\n-0000c0e0: 6574 7465 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 ettes will be se\n-0000c0f0: 7420 746f 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 t to hardware. \n-0000c100: 436f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2077 696c Color values wil\n-0000c110: 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 0a20 l be converted. \n-0000c120: 2020 2020 746f 2073 7569 7420 7265 7175 to suit requ\n-0000c130: 6972 656d 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 irements of the \n-0000c140: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2027 7374 video mode. 'st\n-0000c150: 6172 7427 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 art' will tell w\n-0000c160: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2068 6172 6477 6172 hat. hardwar\n-0000c170: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 286f e color index (o\n-0000c180: 7220 656d 756c 6174 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 r emulated color\n-0000c190: 2069 6e64 6578 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 index) will be \n-0000c1a0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6163 636f set to. acco\n-0000c1b0: 7264 696e 6720 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f rding informatio\n-0000c1c0: 6e20 696e 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e64 6963 n in first indic\n-0000c1d0: 6520 6f66 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 e of 'palette_da\n-0000c1e0: 7461 272c 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 740a ta', after that.\n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 6861 7264 7761 both hardwa\n-0000c200: 7265 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2061 re color index a\n-0000c210: 6e64 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 nd 'palette_data\n-0000c220: 2720 696e 6465 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a ' index will be.\n-0000c230: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 incremented\n-0000c240: 2075 6e74 696c 2027 636f 756e 7427 206e until 'count' n\n-0000c250: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 umber of colors \n-0000c260: 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 742e 0a0a have been set...\n-0000c270: 3130 2e31 2e36 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 10.1.6 grub_vide\n-0000c280: 6f5f 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d o_get_palette.--\n+0000be50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n+0000be60: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n+0000be80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000be90: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 video_set_palett\n+0000bea0: 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 e (unsigned int \n+0000beb0: 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 start, unsigned \n+0000bec0: 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 int count, struc\n+0000bed0: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c t grub_video_pal\n+0000bee0: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 ette_data *palet\n+0000bef0: 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 te_data);. \n+0000bf00: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f struct grub_\n+0000bf10: 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 video_palette_da\n+0000bf20: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 ta. {. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 gru\n+0000bf40: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 b_uint8_t r; /* \n+0000bf50: 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 Red color value \n+0000bf60: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 grub_u\n+0000bf80: 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 int8_t g; /* Gre\n+0000bf90: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 en color value (\n+0000bfa0: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n+0000bfc0: 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 nt8_t b; /* Blue\n+0000bfd0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n+0000bfe0: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n+0000c000: 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 8_t a; /* Reserv\n+0000c010: 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 ed bits value (0\n+0000c020: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n+0000c030: 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 };. * Desc\n+0000c040: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000c050: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 7570 2069 6e64 sed to setup ind\n+0000c060: 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 exed color palet\n+0000c070: 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 tes. If mode is\n+0000c080: 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 RGB mode, color\n+0000c090: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 s. will be s\n+0000c0a0: 6574 2074 6f20 656d 756c 6174 6564 2070 et to emulated p\n+0000c0b0: 616c 6574 7465 2064 6174 612e 2020 496e alette data. In\n+0000c0c0: 2049 6e64 6578 6564 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d Indexed Color m\n+0000c0d0: 6f64 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 616c 6574 odes,. palet\n+0000c0e0: 7465 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 tes will be set \n+0000c0f0: 746f 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 436f to hardware. Co\n+0000c100: 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2077 696c 6c20 lor values will \n+0000c110: 6265 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 0a20 2020 be converted. \n+0000c120: 2020 746f 2073 7569 7420 7265 7175 6972 to suit requir\n+0000c130: 656d 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7669 ements of the vi\n+0000c140: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2027 7374 6172 deo mode. 'star\n+0000c150: 7427 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 t' will tell wha\n+0000c160: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 t. hardware \n+0000c170: 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 color index (or \n+0000c180: 656d 756c 6174 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 emulated color i\n+0000c190: 6e64 6578 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 ndex) will be se\n+0000c1a0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6163 636f 7264 t to. accord\n+0000c1b0: 696e 6720 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ing information \n+0000c1c0: 696e 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e64 6963 6520 in first indice \n+0000c1d0: 6f66 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 of 'palette_data\n+0000c1e0: 272c 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 740a 2020 ', after that. \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2062 6f74 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 both hardware\n+0000c200: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2061 6e64 color index and\n+0000c210: 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 2720 'palette_data' \n+0000c220: 696e 6465 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 index will be. \n+0000c230: 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 incremented u\n+0000c240: 6e74 696c 2027 636f 756e 7427 206e 756d ntil 'count' num\n+0000c250: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6861 ber of colors ha\n+0000c260: 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 742e 0a0a 3130 ve been set...10\n+0000c270: 2e31 2e36 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.6 grub_video_\n+0000c280: 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d get_palette.----\n 0000c290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000c2a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n-0000c2b0: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n-0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n-0000c2d0: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n-0000c2e0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7061 6c65 b_video_get_pale\n-0000c2f0: 7474 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e tte (unsigned in\n-0000c300: 7420 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 t start, unsigne\n-0000c310: 6420 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 d int count, str\n-0000c320: 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 uct grub_video_p\n-0000c330: 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c alette_data *pal\n-0000c340: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 ette_data);. \n-0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 struct gru\n-0000c360: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f b_video_palette_\n-0000c370: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b data. {\n-0000c380: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 . g\n-0000c390: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f rub_uint8_t r; /\n-0000c3a0: 2a20 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 * Red color valu\n-0000c3b0: 6520 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 e (0-255). */. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 grub\n-0000c3d0: 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 _uint8_t g; /* G\n-0000c3e0: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 reen color value\n-0000c3f0: 2028 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 (0-255). */. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f grub_\n-0000c410: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c uint8_t b; /* Bl\n-0000c420: 7565 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 ue color value (\n-0000c430: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n-0000c440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n-0000c450: 6e74 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 nt8_t a; /* Rese\n-0000c460: 7276 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 rved bits value \n-0000c470: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 };. * De\n-0000c490: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000c4a0: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2069 Used to query i\n-0000c4b0: 6e64 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c ndexed color pal\n-0000c4c0: 6574 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 ettes. If mode \n-0000c4d0: 6973 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c is RGB mode, col\n-0000c4e0: 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ors. will be\n-0000c4f0: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6d75 copied from emu\n-0000c500: 6c61 7465 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6461 lated palette da\n-0000c510: 7461 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7865 6420 ta. In Indexed \n-0000c520: 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 Color modes,. \n-0000c530: 2020 7061 6c65 7474 6573 2077 696c 6c20 palettes will \n-0000c540: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2068 6172 be read from har\n-0000c550: 6477 6172 652e 2020 436f 6c6f 7220 7661 dware. Color va\n-0000c560: 6c75 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lues will be. \n-0000c570: 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 converted to s\n-0000c580: 7569 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 666f uit structure fo\n-0000c590: 726d 6174 2e20 2027 7374 6172 7427 2077 rmat. 'start' w\n-0000c5a0: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 740a 2020 ill tell what. \n-0000c5b0: 2020 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 636f 6c6f hardware colo\n-0000c5c0: 7220 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 656d 756c r index (or emul\n-0000c5d0: 6174 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 ated color index\n-0000c5e0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 ) will be used a\n-0000c5f0: 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 6520 s a. source \n-0000c600: 666f 7220 6669 7273 7420 696e 6469 6365 for first indice\n-0000c610: 206f 6620 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 of 'palette_dat\n-0000c620: 6127 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2062 a', after that b\n-0000c630: 6f74 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 0a20 2020 oth hardware. \n-0000c640: 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 616e color index an\n-0000c650: 6420 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 d 'palette_data'\n-0000c660: 2069 6e64 6578 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 index will be i\n-0000c670: 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 6e74 696c ncremented until\n-0000c680: 0a20 2020 2020 2763 6f75 6e74 2720 6e75 . 'count' nu\n-0000c690: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c6f 7273 2068 mber of colors h\n-0000c6a0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a0a ave been read...\n-0000c6b0: 3130 2e31 2e37 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 10.1.7 grub_vide\n-0000c6c0: 6f5f 7365 745f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 o_set_area_statu\n-0000c6d0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0000c2a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n+0000c2b0: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n+0000c2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000c2e0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 video_get_palett\n+0000c2f0: 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 e (unsigned int \n+0000c300: 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 start, unsigned \n+0000c310: 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 int count, struc\n+0000c320: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c t grub_video_pal\n+0000c330: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 ette_data *palet\n+0000c340: 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 te_data);. \n+0000c350: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f struct grub_\n+0000c360: 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 video_palette_da\n+0000c370: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 ta. {. \n+0000c380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 gru\n+0000c390: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 b_uint8_t r; /* \n+0000c3a0: 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 Red color value \n+0000c3b0: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 grub_u\n+0000c3d0: 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 int8_t g; /* Gre\n+0000c3e0: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 en color value (\n+0000c3f0: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n+0000c410: 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 nt8_t b; /* Blue\n+0000c420: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n+0000c430: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n+0000c440: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n+0000c450: 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 8_t a; /* Reserv\n+0000c460: 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 ed bits value (0\n+0000c470: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 };. * Desc\n+0000c490: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000c4a0: 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2069 6e64 sed to query ind\n+0000c4b0: 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 exed color palet\n+0000c4c0: 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 tes. If mode is\n+0000c4d0: 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 RGB mode, color\n+0000c4e0: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 s. will be c\n+0000c4f0: 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6d75 6c61 opied from emula\n+0000c500: 7465 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6461 7461 ted palette data\n+0000c510: 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7865 6420 436f . In Indexed Co\n+0000c520: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 2020 lor modes,. \n+0000c530: 7061 6c65 7474 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 palettes will be\n+0000c540: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2068 6172 6477 read from hardw\n+0000c550: 6172 652e 2020 436f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 are. Color valu\n+0000c560: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n+0000c570: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7569 converted to sui\n+0000c580: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 666f 726d t structure form\n+0000c590: 6174 2e20 2027 7374 6172 7427 2077 696c at. 'start' wil\n+0000c5a0: 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 740a 2020 2020 l tell what. \n+0000c5b0: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 hardware color \n+0000c5c0: 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 656d 756c 6174 index (or emulat\n+0000c5d0: 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2920 ed color index) \n+0000c5e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 will be used as \n+0000c5f0: 610a 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f a. source fo\n+0000c600: 7220 6669 7273 7420 696e 6469 6365 206f r first indice o\n+0000c610: 6620 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 f 'palette_data'\n+0000c620: 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f74 , after that bot\n+0000c630: 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 h hardware. \n+0000c640: 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 616e 6420 color index and \n+0000c650: 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 2069 'palette_data' i\n+0000c660: 6e64 6578 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 ndex will be inc\n+0000c670: 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 6e74 696c 0a20 remented until. \n+0000c680: 2020 2020 2763 6f75 6e74 2720 6e75 6d62 'count' numb\n+0000c690: 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c6f 7273 2068 6176 er of colors hav\n+0000c6a0: 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 3130 e been read...10\n+0000c6b0: 2e31 2e37 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.7 grub_video_\n+0000c6c0: 7365 745f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 730a set_area_status.\n+0000c6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000c6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000c6f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n-0000c700: 7970 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ype:. g\n-0000c710: 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 rub_err_t. \n-0000c720: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 grub_video_s\n-0000c730: 6574 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 2028 et_area_status (\n-0000c740: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 7265 615f grub_video_area_\n-0000c750: 7374 6174 7573 5f74 2061 7265 615f 7374 status_t area_st\n-0000c760: 6174 7573 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 atus);. \n-0000c770: 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f enum grub_video\n-0000c780: 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 5f74 0a20 _area_status_t. \n-0000c790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 {. \n-0000c7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f GRUB_\n-0000c7b0: 5649 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 5f44 4953 4142 VIDEO_AREA_DISAB\n-0000c7c0: 4c45 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LED,. \n-0000c7d0: 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4152 GRUB_VIDEO_AR\n-0000c7e0: 4541 5f45 4e41 424c 4544 0a20 2020 2020 EA_ENABLED. \n-0000c7f0: 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 };.. * \n-0000c800: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 2061 Used to set a\n-0000c820: 7265 6120 6472 6177 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 rea drawing mode\n-0000c830: 2066 6f72 2072 6564 7261 7769 6e67 2074 for redrawing t\n-0000c840: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 he specified reg\n-0000c850: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6177 2063 ion.. Draw c\n-0000c860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7065 7266 ommands are perf\n-0000c870: 6f72 6d65 6420 696e 2074 6865 2069 6e74 ormed in the int\n-0000c880: 6572 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 ersection of the\n-0000c890: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 616e 640a 2020 viewport and. \n-0000c8a0: 2020 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6361 the region ca\n-0000c8b0: 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 612e 2020 436f 6f72 lled area. Coor\n-0000c8c0: 6469 6e61 7465 7320 7265 6d61 696e 2072 dinates remain r\n-0000c8d0: 656c 6174 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 elated to the. \n-0000c8e0: 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 4966 viewport. If\n-0000c8f0: 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 draw commands t\n-0000c900: 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 206f 7665 7220 ry to draw over \n-0000c910: 7468 6520 6172 6561 2c20 7468 6579 2061 the area, they a\n-0000c920: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636c 6970 7065 642e re. clipped.\n-0000c930: 2020 5365 7420 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 Set status to \n-0000c940: 4449 5341 424c 4544 2069 6620 796f 7520 DISABLED if you \n-0000c950: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2065 7665 need to draw eve\n-0000c960: 7279 7468 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 rything.. Se\n-0000c970: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 454e 4142 t status to ENAB\n-0000c980: 4c45 4420 616e 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 2074 LED and region t\n-0000c990: 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 o the desired re\n-0000c9a0: 6374 616e 676c 6520 746f 2072 6564 7261 ctangle to redra\n-0000c9b0: 770a 2020 2020 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e w. everythin\n-0000c9c0: 6720 696e 7369 6465 2074 6865 2072 6567 g inside the reg\n-0000c9d0: 696f 6e20 6c65 6176 696e 6720 6576 6572 ion leaving ever\n-0000c9e0: 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 7461 ything else inta\n-0000c9f0: 6374 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 ct.. Should \n-0000ca00: 6265 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 be used for redr\n-0000ca10: 6177 696e 6720 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 awing of active \n-0000ca20: 656c 656d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e elements...10.1.\n-0000ca30: 3820 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 8 grub_video_get\n-0000ca40: 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d _area_status.---\n+0000c6f0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000c700: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 e:. gru\n+0000c710: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n+0000c720: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 grub_video_set\n+0000c730: 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 2028 6772 _area_status (gr\n+0000c740: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 7265 615f 7374 ub_video_area_st\n+0000c750: 6174 7573 5f74 2061 7265 615f 7374 6174 atus_t area_stat\n+0000c760: 7573 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 us);. e\n+0000c770: 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 num grub_video_a\n+0000c780: 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 5f74 0a20 2020 rea_status_t. \n+0000c790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 {. \n+0000c7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 GRUB_VI\n+0000c7b0: 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 DEO_AREA_DISABLE\n+0000c7c0: 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D,. \n+0000c7d0: 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 GRUB_VIDEO_AREA\n+0000c7e0: 5f45 4e41 424c 4544 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _ENABLED. \n+0000c7f0: 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 };.. * De\n+0000c800: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+0000c810: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 2061 7265 Used to set are\n+0000c820: 6120 6472 6177 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2066 a drawing mode f\n+0000c830: 6f72 2072 6564 7261 7769 6e67 2074 6865 or redrawing the\n+0000c840: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f specified regio\n+0000c850: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6177 2063 6f6d n.. Draw com\n+0000c860: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7065 7266 6f72 mands are perfor\n+0000c870: 6d65 6420 696e 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 med in the inter\n+0000c880: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2076 section of the v\n+0000c890: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 iewport and. \n+0000c8a0: 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c the region call\n+0000c8b0: 6564 2061 7265 612e 2020 436f 6f72 6469 ed area. Coordi\n+0000c8c0: 6e61 7465 7320 7265 6d61 696e 2072 656c nates remain rel\n+0000c8d0: 6174 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ated to the. \n+0000c8e0: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 4966 2064 viewport. If d\n+0000c8f0: 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 7279 raw commands try\n+0000c900: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 206f 7665 7220 7468 to draw over th\n+0000c910: 6520 6172 6561 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 e area, they are\n+0000c920: 0a20 2020 2020 636c 6970 7065 642e 2020 . clipped. \n+0000c930: 5365 7420 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 4449 Set status to DI\n+0000c940: 5341 424c 4544 2069 6620 796f 7520 6e65 SABLED if you ne\n+0000c950: 6564 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2065 7665 7279 ed to draw every\n+0000c960: 7468 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 thing.. Set \n+0000c970: 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 454e 4142 4c45 status to ENABLE\n+0000c980: 4420 616e 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 2074 6f20 D and region to \n+0000c990: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 6374 the desired rect\n+0000c9a0: 616e 676c 6520 746f 2072 6564 7261 770a angle to redraw.\n+0000c9b0: 2020 2020 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 everything \n+0000c9c0: 696e 7369 6465 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f inside the regio\n+0000c9d0: 6e20 6c65 6176 696e 6720 6576 6572 7974 n leaving everyt\n+0000c9e0: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 7461 6374 hing else intact\n+0000c9f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 .. Should be\n+0000ca00: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 used for redraw\n+0000ca10: 696e 6720 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c ing of active el\n+0000ca20: 656d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3820 ements...10.1.8 \n+0000ca30: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 grub_video_get_a\n+0000ca40: 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d rea_status.-----\n 0000ca50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ca60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000ca70: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n-0000ca80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n-0000ca90: 7272 5f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_r. g\n-0000caa0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6172 rub_video_get_ar\n-0000cab0: 6561 5f73 7461 7475 7320 2867 7275 625f ea_status (grub_\n-0000cac0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 video_area_statu\n-0000cad0: 735f 7420 2a61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 s_t *area_status\n-0000cae0: 293b 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 );.. * Descrip\n-0000caf0: 7469 6f6e 3a20 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7175 tion: Used to qu\n-0000cb00: 6572 7920 7468 6520 6172 6561 2073 7461 ery the area sta\n-0000cb10: 7475 732e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e39 2067 7275 tus...10.1.9 gru\n-0000cb20: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7669 6577 b_video_set_view\n-0000cb30: 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d port.-----------\n+0000ca60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+0000ca70: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+0000ca80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n+0000ca90: 5f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _r. gru\n+0000caa0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6172 6561 b_video_get_area\n+0000cab0: 5f73 7461 7475 7320 2867 7275 625f 7669 _status (grub_vi\n+0000cac0: 6465 6f5f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 735f deo_area_status_\n+0000cad0: 7420 2a61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 293b t *area_status);\n+0000cae0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 .. * Descripti\n+0000caf0: 6f6e 3a20 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6572 on: Used to quer\n+0000cb00: 7920 7468 6520 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 y the area statu\n+0000cb10: 732e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e39 2067 7275 625f s...10.1.9 grub_\n+0000cb20: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7669 6577 706f video_set_viewpo\n+0000cb30: 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rt.-------------\n 0000cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000cb50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n-0000cb60: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n-0000cb70: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000cb80: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000cb90: 7365 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 2028 756e set_viewport (un\n-0000cba0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e signed int x, un\n-0000cbb0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e signed int y, un\n-0000cbc0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 signed int width\n-0000cbd0: 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 , unsigned int h\n-0000cbe0: 6569 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 eight);. * Des\n-0000cbf0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n-0000cc00: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 Used to specify \n-0000cc10: 7669 6577 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2064 viewport where d\n-0000cc20: 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 raw commands are\n-0000cc30: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2057 6865 performed. Whe\n-0000cc40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 n. viewport \n-0000cc50: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 616c 6c20 6472 6177 is set, all draw\n-0000cc60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 636f 6f72 6469 commands coordi\n-0000cc70: 6e61 7465 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 nates relate to \n-0000cc80: 7468 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 those. speci\n-0000cc90: 6669 6564 2062 7920 2778 2720 616e 6420 fied by 'x' and \n-0000cca0: 2779 272e 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 'y'. If draw co\n-0000ccb0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 mmands try to dr\n-0000ccc0: 6177 206f 7665 720a 2020 2020 2076 6965 aw over. vie\n-0000ccd0: 7770 6f72 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 wport, they are \n-0000cce0: 636c 6970 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 clipped. If dev\n-0000ccf0: 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 eloper requests \n-0000cd00: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 larger than. \n-0000cd10: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 7669 6577 706f possible viewpo\n-0000cd20: 7274 2c20 7769 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 rt, width and he\n-0000cd30: 6967 6874 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 ight will be cla\n-0000cd40: 6d70 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 mped to fit scre\n-0000cd50: 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 2778 2720 en.. If 'x' \n-0000cd60: 616e 6420 2779 2720 6172 6520 6f75 7420 and 'y' are out \n-0000cd70: 6f66 2062 6f75 6e64 732c 2061 6c6c 2066 of bounds, all f\n-0000cd80: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2064 7261 7769 6e67 unctions drawing\n-0000cd90: 2074 6f20 7363 7265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 to screen. \n-0000cda0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6469 7370 will not be disp\n-0000cdb0: 6c61 7965 642e 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 layed. In order\n-0000cdc0: 2074 6f20 6d61 7869 6d69 7a65 2076 6965 to maximize vie\n-0000cdd0: 7770 6f72 742c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 wport, use. \n-0000cde0: 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 'grub_video_get_\n-0000cdf0: 696e 666f 2720 746f 2071 7565 7279 2061 info' to query a\n-0000ce00: 6374 7561 6c20 7363 7265 656e 2064 696d ctual screen dim\n-0000ce10: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7072 6f76 ensions and prov\n-0000ce20: 6964 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 696e ide. that in\n-0000ce30: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6869 formation to thi\n-0000ce40: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e s function...10.\n-0000ce50: 312e 3130 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 1.10 grub_video_\n-0000ce60: 6765 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d get_viewport.---\n+0000cb50: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000cb60: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000cb70: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000cb80: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 grub_video_se\n+0000cb90: 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 2028 756e 7369 t_viewport (unsi\n+0000cba0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 gned int x, unsi\n+0000cbb0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 gned int y, unsi\n+0000cbc0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 gned int width, \n+0000cbd0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 unsigned int hei\n+0000cbe0: 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 ght);. * Descr\n+0000cbf0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 iption:.. Us\n+0000cc00: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7669 ed to specify vi\n+0000cc10: 6577 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2064 7261 ewport where dra\n+0000cc20: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2070 w commands are p\n+0000cc30: 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a erformed. When.\n+0000cc40: 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6973 viewport is\n+0000cc50: 2073 6574 2c20 616c 6c20 6472 6177 2063 set, all draw c\n+0000cc60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 ommands coordina\n+0000cc70: 7465 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 tes relate to th\n+0000cc80: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 ose. specifi\n+0000cc90: 6564 2062 7920 2778 2720 616e 6420 2779 ed by 'x' and 'y\n+0000cca0: 272e 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d '. If draw comm\n+0000ccb0: 616e 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 ands try to draw\n+0000ccc0: 206f 7665 720a 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 over. viewp\n+0000ccd0: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c ort, they are cl\n+0000cce0: 6970 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c ipped. If devel\n+0000ccf0: 6f70 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 oper requests la\n+0000cd00: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 rger than. p\n+0000cd10: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 ossible viewport\n+0000cd20: 2c20 7769 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 , width and heig\n+0000cd30: 6874 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 ht will be clamp\n+0000cd40: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e ed to fit screen\n+0000cd50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 2778 2720 616e .. If 'x' an\n+0000cd60: 6420 2779 2720 6172 6520 6f75 7420 6f66 d 'y' are out of\n+0000cd70: 2062 6f75 6e64 732c 2061 6c6c 2066 756e bounds, all fun\n+0000cd80: 6374 696f 6e73 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2074 ctions drawing t\n+0000cd90: 6f20 7363 7265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 o screen. wi\n+0000cda0: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 ll not be displa\n+0000cdb0: 7965 642e 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 yed. In order t\n+0000cdc0: 6f20 6d61 7869 6d69 7a65 2076 6965 7770 o maximize viewp\n+0000cdd0: 6f72 742c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2767 ort, use. 'g\n+0000cde0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 696e rub_video_get_in\n+0000cdf0: 666f 2720 746f 2071 7565 7279 2061 6374 fo' to query act\n+0000ce00: 7561 6c20 7363 7265 656e 2064 696d 656e ual screen dimen\n+0000ce10: 7369 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7072 6f76 6964 sions and provid\n+0000ce20: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 696e 666f e. that info\n+0000ce30: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6869 7320 rmation to this \n+0000ce40: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e function...10.1.\n+0000ce50: 3130 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 10 grub_video_ge\n+0000ce60: 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_viewport.-----\n 0000ce70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ce80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-0000ce90: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n-0000cea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n-0000ceb0: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n-0000cec0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 ub_video_get_vie\n-0000ced0: 7770 6f72 7420 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 wport (unsigned \n-0000cee0: 696e 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int *x, unsigned\n-0000cef0: 2069 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 int *y, unsigne\n-0000cf00: 6420 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 756e d int *width, un\n-0000cf10: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 6967 signed int *heig\n-0000cf20: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 ht);. * Descri\n-0000cf30: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 ption:.. Use\n-0000cf40: 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 7265 d to query curre\n-0000cf50: 6e74 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6469 6d65 nt viewport dime\n-0000cf60: 6e73 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 nsions. Softwar\n-0000cf70: 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6361 6e0a e developer can.\n-0000cf80: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 746f use this to\n-0000cf90: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 choose best way\n-0000cfa0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2063 6f6e 7465 to render conte\n-0000cfb0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 nts of the viewp\n-0000cfc0: 6f72 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3120 6772 ort...10.1.11 gr\n-0000cfd0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f72 6567 ub_video_set_reg\n-0000cfe0: 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ion.------------\n-0000cff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d000: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n-0000d010: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n-0000d020: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n-0000d030: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 grub_video_se\n-0000d040: 745f 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 756e 7369 676e t_region (unsign\n-0000d050: 6564 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 676e ed int x, unsign\n-0000d060: 6564 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 676e ed int y, unsign\n-0000d070: 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e ed int width, un\n-0000d080: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 signed int heigh\n-0000d090: 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 t);. * Descrip\n-0000d0a0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 tion:.. Used\n-0000d0b0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 to specify the \n-0000d0c0: 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 region of the sc\n-0000d0d0: 7265 656e 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c reen which shoul\n-0000d0e0: 6420 6265 2072 6564 7261 776e 2e0a 2020 d be redrawn.. \n-0000d0f0: 2020 2055 7365 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 Use absolute \n-0000d100: 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 values. When th\n-0000d110: 6520 7265 6769 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 e region is set \n-0000d120: 616e 6420 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 7320 and area status \n-0000d130: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 454e 4142 4c45 2061 is. ENABLE a\n-0000d140: 6c6c 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ll draw commands\n-0000d150: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 6572 666f 726d will be perform\n-0000d160: 6564 2069 6e73 6964 6520 7468 6520 696e ed inside the in\n-0000d170: 7465 7273 6570 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 terseption. \n-0000d180: 6f66 2072 6567 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7669 of region and vi\n-0000d190: 6577 706f 7274 206e 616d 6564 2061 7265 ewport named are\n-0000d1a0: 612e 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d a. If draw comm\n-0000d1b0: 616e 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 ands try to draw\n-0000d1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 2076 6965 7770 . over viewp\n-0000d1d0: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c ort, they are cl\n-0000d1e0: 6970 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c ipped. If devel\n-0000d1f0: 6f70 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 oper requests la\n-0000d200: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 rger than. p\n-0000d210: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 7265 6769 6f6e 2c20 ossible region, \n-0000d220: 7769 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 6874 width and height\n-0000d230: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 6564 will be clamped\n-0000d240: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e0a to fit screen..\n-0000d250: 2020 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 Should be u\n-0000d260: 7365 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 696e sed for redrawin\n-0000d270: 6720 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c 656d g of active elem\n-0000d280: 656e 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3132 2067 ents...10.1.12 g\n-0000d290: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7265 rub_video_get_re\n-0000d2a0: 6769 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gion.-----------\n+0000ce80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n+0000ce90: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000cea0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n+0000ceb0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000cec0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 _video_get_viewp\n+0000ced0: 6f72 7420 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e ort (unsigned in\n+0000cee0: 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 t *x, unsigned i\n+0000cef0: 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 nt *y, unsigned \n+0000cf00: 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int *width, unsi\n+0000cf10: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 6967 6874 gned int *height\n+0000cf20: 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 );. * Descript\n+0000cf30: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 ion:.. Used \n+0000cf40: 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 7265 6e74 to query current\n+0000cf50: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6469 6d65 6e73 viewport dimens\n+0000cf60: 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 ions. Software \n+0000cf70: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6361 6e0a 2020 developer can. \n+0000cf80: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 746f 2063 use this to c\n+0000cf90: 686f 6f73 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 hoose best way t\n+0000cfa0: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 o render content\n+0000cfb0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 s of the viewpor\n+0000cfc0: 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3120 6772 7562 t...10.1.11 grub\n+0000cfd0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f72 6567 696f _video_set_regio\n+0000cfe0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+0000cff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0000d000: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n+0000d010: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000d020: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n+0000d030: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f grub_video_set_\n+0000d040: 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 756e 7369 676e 6564 region (unsigned\n+0000d050: 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int x, unsigned\n+0000d060: 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int y, unsigned\n+0000d070: 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int width, unsi\n+0000d080: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 7429 gned int height)\n+0000d090: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000d0a0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 on:.. Used t\n+0000d0b0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 7265 o specify the re\n+0000d0c0: 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 gion of the scre\n+0000d0d0: 656e 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 en which should \n+0000d0e0: 6265 2072 6564 7261 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 be redrawn.. \n+0000d0f0: 2055 7365 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 7661 Use absolute va\n+0000d100: 6c75 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6520 lues. When the \n+0000d110: 7265 6769 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e region is set an\n+0000d120: 6420 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 d area status is\n+0000d130: 0a20 2020 2020 454e 4142 4c45 2061 6c6c . ENABLE all\n+0000d140: 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 draw commands w\n+0000d150: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 ill be performed\n+0000d160: 2069 6e73 6964 6520 7468 6520 696e 7465 inside the inte\n+0000d170: 7273 6570 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 rseption. of\n+0000d180: 2072 6567 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7669 6577 region and view\n+0000d190: 706f 7274 206e 616d 6564 2061 7265 612e port named area.\n+0000d1a0: 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e If draw comman\n+0000d1b0: 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 0a20 ds try to draw. \n+0000d1c0: 2020 2020 6f76 6572 2076 6965 7770 6f72 over viewpor\n+0000d1d0: 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c 6970 t, they are clip\n+0000d1e0: 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ped. If develop\n+0000d1f0: 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 7267 er requests larg\n+0000d200: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 er than. pos\n+0000d210: 7369 626c 6520 7265 6769 6f6e 2c20 7769 sible region, wi\n+0000d220: 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 6874 2077 dth and height w\n+0000d230: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 6564 2074 ill be clamped t\n+0000d240: 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 o fit screen.. \n+0000d250: 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 Should be use\n+0000d260: 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 696e 6720 d for redrawing \n+0000d270: 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c 656d 656e of active elemen\n+0000d280: 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3132 2067 7275 ts...10.1.12 gru\n+0000d290: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7265 6769 b_video_get_regi\n+0000d2a0: 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d on.-------------\n 0000d2b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d2c0: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n-0000d2d0: 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 pe:.. g\n-0000d2e0: 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 rub_err_t. \n-0000d2f0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 grub_video_g\n-0000d300: 6574 5f72 6567 696f 6e20 2875 6e73 6967 et_region (unsig\n-0000d310: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 ned int *x, unsi\n-0000d320: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 gned int *y, uns\n-0000d330: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 igned int *width\n-0000d340: 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a , unsigned int *\n-0000d350: 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 height);. * De\n-0000d360: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000d370: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 Used to query c\n-0000d380: 7572 7265 6e74 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6469 urrent region di\n-0000d390: 6d65 6e73 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e mensions...10.1.\n-0000d3a0: 3133 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 13 grub_video_ma\n-0000d3b0: 705f 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p_color.--------\n+0000d2c0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n+0000d2d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000d2e0: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n+0000d2f0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 grub_video_get\n+0000d300: 5f72 6567 696f 6e20 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 _region (unsigne\n+0000d310: 6420 696e 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e d int *x, unsign\n+0000d320: 6564 2069 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 ed int *y, unsig\n+0000d330: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 ned int *width, \n+0000d340: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 unsigned int *he\n+0000d350: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 ight);. * Desc\n+0000d360: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000d370: 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 sed to query cur\n+0000d380: 7265 6e74 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6469 6d65 rent region dime\n+0000d390: 6e73 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3133 nsions...10.1.13\n+0000d3a0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f grub_video_map_\n+0000d3b0: 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d color.----------\n 0000d3c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d3d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f ----.. * Proto\n-0000d3e0: 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 type:.. \n-0000d3f0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f grub_video_colo\n-0000d400: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n-0000d410: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c ub_video_map_col\n-0000d420: 6f72 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7433 325f or (grub_uint32_\n-0000d430: 7420 636f 6c6f 725f 6e61 6d65 293b 0a20 t color_name);. \n-0000d440: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n-0000d450: 0a0a 2020 2020 204d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 .. Map color\n-0000d460: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0000d470: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 636f 6c6f 7220 7468 support color th\n-0000d480: 656d 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 emes in GRUB. Th\n-0000d490: 6572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 ere will. be\n-0000d4a0: 2063 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 collection of c\n-0000d4b0: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 olor names that \n-0000d4c0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2071 can be used to q\n-0000d4d0: 7565 7279 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 uery actual. \n-0000d4e0: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6d61 7070 6564 2063 screen mapped c\n-0000d4f0: 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 4578 616d olor data. Exam\n-0000d500: 706c 6573 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 ples could be. \n-0000d510: 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 'GRUB_COLOR_C\n-0000d520: 4f4e 534f 4c45 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e ONSOLE_BACKGROUN\n-0000d530: 4427 2c20 2747 5255 425f 434f 4c4f 525f D', 'GRUB_COLOR_\n-0000d540: 434f 4e53 4f4c 455f 5445 5854 272e 2020 CONSOLE_TEXT'. \n-0000d550: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 The. actual \n-0000d560: 636f 6c6f 7220 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6172 color defines ar\n-0000d570: 6520 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 e not specified \n-0000d580: 6174 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742e 0a0a at this point...\n-0000d590: 3130 2e31 2e31 3420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 10.1.14 grub_vid\n-0000d5a0: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d eo_map_rgb.-----\n+0000d3d0: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n+0000d3e0: 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 pe:.. g\n+0000d3f0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f rub_video_color_\n+0000d400: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000d410: 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 _video_map_color\n+0000d420: 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7433 325f 7420 (grub_uint32_t \n+0000d430: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e61 6d65 293b 0a20 2020 color_name);. \n+0000d440: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000d450: 2020 2020 204d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 Map color c\n+0000d460: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n+0000d470: 7070 6f72 7420 636f 6c6f 7220 7468 656d pport color them\n+0000d480: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6572 es in GRUB. Ther\n+0000d490: 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2063 e will. be c\n+0000d4a0: 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6c ollection of col\n+0000d4b0: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 or names that ca\n+0000d4c0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 n be used to que\n+0000d4d0: 7279 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 ry actual. s\n+0000d4e0: 6372 6565 6e20 6d61 7070 6564 2063 6f6c creen mapped col\n+0000d4f0: 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 4578 616d 706c or data. Exampl\n+0000d500: 6573 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 es could be. \n+0000d510: 2027 4752 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 'GRUB_COLOR_CON\n+0000d520: 534f 4c45 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4427 SOLE_BACKGROUND'\n+0000d530: 2c20 2747 5255 425f 434f 4c4f 525f 434f , 'GRUB_COLOR_CO\n+0000d540: 4e53 4f4c 455f 5445 5854 272e 2020 5468 NSOLE_TEXT'. Th\n+0000d550: 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f e. actual co\n+0000d560: 6c6f 7220 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6172 6520 lor defines are \n+0000d570: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 not specified at\n+0000d580: 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742e 0a0a 3130 this point...10\n+0000d590: 2e31 2e31 3420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.14 grub_video\n+0000d5a0: 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _map_rgb.-------\n 0000d5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d5c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n-0000d5d0: 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:.. \n-0000d5e0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c grub_video_col\n-0000d5f0: 6f72 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 or_t. g\n-0000d600: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 rub_video_map_rg\n-0000d610: 6220 2867 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 b (grub_uint8_t \n-0000d620: 7265 642c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f red, grub_uint8_\n-0000d630: 7420 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 625f 7569 t green, grub_ui\n-0000d640: 6e74 385f 7420 626c 7565 293b 0a20 2020 nt8_t blue);. \n-0000d650: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n-0000d660: 2020 2020 204d 6170 2052 4742 2076 616c Map RGB val\n-0000d670: 7565 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c ues to compatibl\n-0000d680: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 e screen color d\n-0000d690: 6174 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 ata. Values are\n-0000d6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 . expected t\n-0000d6b0: 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 6520 302d o be in range 0-\n-0000d6c0: 3235 3520 616e 6420 696e 2052 4742 206d 255 and in RGB m\n-0000d6d0: 6f64 6573 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 odes they will b\n-0000d6e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 e. converted\n-0000d6f0: 2074 6f20 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 to screen color\n-0000d700: 2064 6174 612e 2020 496e 2069 6e64 6578 data. In index\n-0000d710: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 2c20 696e color modes, in\n-0000d720: 6465 7820 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2070 dex color. p\n-0000d730: 616c 6574 7465 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 alette will be s\n-0000d740: 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 earched for spec\n-0000d750: 6966 6965 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 616e 6420 ified color and \n-0000d760: 7468 656e 2069 6e64 6578 2069 730a 2020 then index is. \n-0000d770: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 returned...10\n-0000d780: 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.15 grub_video\n-0000d790: 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 610a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _map_rgba.------\n+0000d5c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+0000d5d0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n+0000d5e0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 grub_video_color\n+0000d5f0: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000d600: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6220 b_video_map_rgb \n+0000d610: 2867 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 7265 (grub_uint8_t re\n+0000d620: 642c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 d, grub_uint8_t \n+0000d630: 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 green, grub_uint\n+0000d640: 385f 7420 626c 7565 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 8_t blue);. * \n+0000d650: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+0000d660: 2020 204d 6170 2052 4742 2076 616c 7565 Map RGB value\n+0000d670: 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 s to compatible \n+0000d680: 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 screen color dat\n+0000d690: 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 a. Values are. \n+0000d6a0: 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6f20 expected to \n+0000d6b0: 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3235 be in range 0-25\n+0000d6c0: 3520 616e 6420 696e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 5 and in RGB mod\n+0000d6d0: 6573 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a es they will be.\n+0000d6e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 converted t\n+0000d6f0: 6f20 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 o screen color d\n+0000d700: 6174 612e 2020 496e 2069 6e64 6578 2063 ata. In index c\n+0000d710: 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 2c20 696e 6465 olor modes, inde\n+0000d720: 7820 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2070 616c x color. pal\n+0000d730: 6574 7465 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6561 ette will be sea\n+0000d740: 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 rched for specif\n+0000d750: 6965 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 616e 6420 7468 ied color and th\n+0000d760: 656e 2069 6e64 6578 2069 730a 2020 2020 en index is. \n+0000d770: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 returned...10.1\n+0000d780: 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d .15 grub_video_m\n+0000d790: 6170 5f72 6762 610a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ap_rgba.--------\n 0000d7a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d7b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n-0000d7c0: 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:.. \n-0000d7d0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c grub_video_col\n-0000d7e0: 6f72 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 or_t. g\n-0000d7f0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 rub_video_map_rg\n-0000d800: 6261 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 ba (grub_uint8_t\n-0000d810: 2072 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 red, grub_uint8\n-0000d820: 5f74 2067 7265 656e 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 _t green, grub_u\n-0000d830: 696e 7438 5f74 2062 6c75 652c 2067 7275 int8_t blue, gru\n-0000d840: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 616c 7068 6129 b_uint8_t alpha)\n-0000d850: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n-0000d860: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7020 5247 on:.. Map RG\n-0000d870: 4241 2076 616c 7565 7320 746f 2063 6f6d BA values to com\n-0000d880: 7061 7469 626c 6520 7363 7265 656e 2063 patible screen c\n-0000d890: 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 5661 6c75 olor data. Valu\n-0000d8a0: 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7065 es are. expe\n-0000d8b0: 6374 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 7261 cted to be in ra\n-0000d8c0: 6e67 6520 302d 3235 352e 2020 496e 2052 nge 0-255. In R\n-0000d8d0: 4742 4120 6d6f 6465 7320 7468 6579 2077 GBA modes they w\n-0000d8e0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 ill be. conv\n-0000d8f0: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 6e20 erted to screen \n-0000d900: 636f 6c6f 7220 6461 7461 2e20 2049 6e20 color data. In \n-0000d910: 696e 6465 7820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 index color mode\n-0000d920: 732c 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 s, index color. \n-0000d930: 2020 2020 7061 6c65 7474 6520 7769 6c6c palette will\n-0000d940: 2062 6520 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 be searched for\n-0000d950: 2062 6573 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 best matching c\n-0000d960: 6f6c 6f72 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2069 6e64 olor and its ind\n-0000d970: 6578 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 ex is. retur\n-0000d980: 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 ned...10.1.16 gr\n-0000d990: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f75 6e6d 6170 5f63 ub_video_unmap_c\n-0000d9a0: 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olor.-----------\n+0000d7b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+0000d7c0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n+0000d7d0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 grub_video_color\n+0000d7e0: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000d7f0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 b_video_map_rgba\n+0000d800: 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2072 (grub_uint8_t r\n+0000d810: 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 ed, grub_uint8_t\n+0000d820: 2067 7265 656e 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e green, grub_uin\n+0000d830: 7438 5f74 2062 6c75 652c 2067 7275 625f t8_t blue, grub_\n+0000d840: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 616c 7068 6129 3b0a uint8_t alpha);.\n+0000d850: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n+0000d860: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7020 5247 4241 :.. Map RGBA\n+0000d870: 2076 616c 7565 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 values to compa\n+0000d880: 7469 626c 6520 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c tible screen col\n+0000d890: 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 or data. Values\n+0000d8a0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 are. expect\n+0000d8b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 ed to be in rang\n+0000d8c0: 6520 302d 3235 352e 2020 496e 2052 4742 e 0-255. In RGB\n+0000d8d0: 4120 6d6f 6465 7320 7468 6579 2077 696c A modes they wil\n+0000d8e0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 l be. conver\n+0000d8f0: 7465 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 6e20 636f ted to screen co\n+0000d900: 6c6f 7220 6461 7461 2e20 2049 6e20 696e lor data. In in\n+0000d910: 6465 7820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c dex color modes,\n+0000d920: 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 index color. \n+0000d930: 2020 7061 6c65 7474 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 palette will b\n+0000d940: 6520 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 2062 e searched for b\n+0000d950: 6573 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c est matching col\n+0000d960: 6f72 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 or and its index\n+0000d970: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 is. returne\n+0000d980: 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 d...10.1.16 grub\n+0000d990: 5f76 6964 656f 5f75 6e6d 6170 5f63 6f6c _video_unmap_col\n+0000d9a0: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n 0000d9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d9c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n-0000d9d0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n-0000d9e0: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000d9f0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000da00: 756e 6d61 705f 636f 6c6f 7220 2867 7275 unmap_color (gru\n-0000da10: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 b_video_color_t \n-0000da20: 636f 6c6f 722c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 color, grub_uint\n-0000da30: 385f 7420 2a72 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 8_t *red, grub_u\n-0000da40: 696e 7438 5f74 202a 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 int8_t *green, g\n-0000da50: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a62 6c75 rub_uint8_t *blu\n-0000da60: 652c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 e, grub_uint8_t \n-0000da70: 2a61 6c70 6861 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 *alpha);. * De\n-0000da80: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000da90: 2055 6e6d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c Unmap color val\n-0000daa0: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 2763 6f6c 6f72 2720 ue from 'color' \n-0000dab0: 746f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 6861 6e6e 656c to color channel\n-0000dac0: 7320 696e 2027 7265 6427 2c20 2767 7265 s in 'red', 'gre\n-0000dad0: 656e 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6c75 6527 en',. 'blue'\n-0000dae0: 2061 6e64 2027 616c 7068 6127 2e20 2056 and 'alpha'. V\n-0000daf0: 616c 7565 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e alues will be in\n-0000db00: 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d32 3535 2e20 2041 range 0-255. A\n-0000db10: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 ctive. rende\n-0000db20: 7269 6e67 2074 6172 6765 7420 7769 6c6c ring target will\n-0000db30: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2063 6f6c be used for col\n-0000db40: 6f72 2064 6f6d 6169 6e2e 2020 496e 2063 or domain. In c\n-0000db50: 6173 6520 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2069 ase alpha. i\n-0000db60: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f nformation is no\n-0000db70: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2072 t available in r\n-0000db80: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6172 6765 742c endering target,\n-0000db90: 2069 7420 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 it is assumed t\n-0000dba0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6f70 6171 7565 o. be opaque\n-0000dbb0: 2028 6861 7669 6e67 2076 616c 7565 2032 (having value 2\n-0000dbc0: 3535 292e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3720 6772 55)...10.1.17 gr\n-0000dbd0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 696c 6c5f 7265 ub_video_fill_re\n-0000dbe0: 6374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ct.-------------\n-0000dbf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000dc00: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n-0000dc10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000dc20: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n-0000dc30: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 6c6c grub_video_fill\n-0000dc40: 5f72 6563 7420 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 _rect (grub_vide\n-0000dc50: 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 722c o_color_t color,\n-0000dc60: 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2075 int x, int y, u\n-0000dc70: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 nsigned int widt\n-0000dc80: 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 h, unsigned int \n-0000dc90: 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 height);. * De\n-0000dca0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000dcb0: 2046 696c 6c20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 Fill specified \n-0000dcc0: 6172 6561 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 area limited by \n-0000dcd0: 6769 7665 6e20 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 given coordinate\n-0000dce0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 s within specifi\n-0000dcf0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7669 6577 706f 7274 ed. viewport\n-0000dd00: 2e20 204e 6567 6174 6976 6520 636f 6f72 . Negative coor\n-0000dd10: 6469 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6163 6365 dinates are acce\n-0000dd20: 7074 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f pted in order to\n-0000dd30: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2065 6173 790a 2020 2020 allow easy. \n-0000dd40: 206d 6f76 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6563 7461 moving of recta\n-0000dd50: 6e67 6c65 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7669 6577 ngle within view\n-0000dd60: 706f 7274 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6f72 6469 port. If coordi\n-0000dd70: 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 6761 7469 nates are negati\n-0000dd80: 7665 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 7265 6120 6f66 ve,. area of\n-0000dd90: 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 2077 the rectangle w\n-0000dda0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 ill be shrinken \n-0000ddb0: 746f 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c to follow size l\n-0000ddc0: 696d 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 imits of the. \n-0000ddd0: 2020 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 viewport... \n-0000dde0: 2020 536f 6674 7761 7265 2064 6576 656c Software devel\n-0000ddf0: 6f70 6572 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 6520 oper should use \n-0000de00: 6569 7468 6572 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 either 'grub_vid\n-0000de10: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 272c 0a20 eo_map_color',. \n-0000de20: 2020 2020 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 'grub_video_\n-0000de30: 6d61 705f 7267 6227 206f 7220 2767 7275 map_rgb' or 'gru\n-0000de40: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 b_video_map_rgba\n-0000de50: 2720 746f 206d 6170 2072 6571 7565 7374 ' to map request\n-0000de60: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 746f ed. color to\n-0000de70: 2027 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 6172 616d 6574 'color' paramet\n-0000de80: 6572 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3138 2067 7275 er...10.1.18 gru\n-0000de90: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f67 6c79 b_video_blit_gly\n-0000dea0: 7068 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ph.-------------\n-0000deb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000dec0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n-0000ded0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000dee0: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n-0000def0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 grub_video_bli\n-0000df00: 745f 676c 7970 6820 2873 7472 7563 7420 t_glyph (struct \n-0000df10: 6772 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 grub_font_glyph \n-0000df20: 2a67 6c79 7068 2c20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 *glyph, grub_vid\n-0000df30: 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f74 2063 6f6c 6f72 eo_color_t color\n-0000df40: 2c20 696e 7420 782c 2069 6e74 2079 293b , int x, int y);\n-0000df50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 . struc\n-0000df60: 7420 6772 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 t grub_font_glyp\n-0000df70: 6820 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h {. \n-0000df80: 2020 2f2a 2054 4244 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 /* TBD. */. \n-0000df90: 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 };. * D\n-0000dfa0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 escription:.. \n-0000dfb0: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2067 Used to blit g\n-0000dfc0: 6c79 7068 2074 6f20 7669 6577 706f 7274 lyph to viewport\n-0000dfd0: 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f in specified co\n-0000dfe0: 6f64 696e 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 676c odinates. If gl\n-0000dff0: 7970 680a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6174 2065 yph. is at e\n-0000e000: 6467 6520 6f66 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742c dge of viewport,\n-0000e010: 2070 6978 656c 7320 6f75 7473 6964 6520 pixels outside \n-0000e020: 6f66 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7769 6c6c of viewport will\n-0000e030: 2062 6520 636c 6970 7065 640a 2020 2020 be clipped. \n-0000e040: 206f 7574 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 out. Software \n-0000e050: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 developer should\n-0000e060: 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 2767 7275 use either 'gru\n-0000e070: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6227 b_video_map_rgb'\n-0000e080: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f76 or. 'grub_v\n-0000e090: 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 6127 2074 ideo_map_rgba' t\n-0000e0a0: 6f20 6d61 7020 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 o map requested \n-0000e0b0: 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 636f 6c6f 7227 color to 'color'\n-0000e0c0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e0a 0a31 302e parameter...10.\n-0000e0d0: 312e 3139 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 1.19 grub_video_\n-0000e0e0: 626c 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d blit_bitmap.----\n+0000d9c0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000d9d0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000d9e0: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000d9f0: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 756e grub_video_un\n+0000da00: 6d61 705f 636f 6c6f 7220 2867 7275 625f map_color (grub_\n+0000da10: 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f video_color_t co\n+0000da20: 6c6f 722c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f lor, grub_uint8_\n+0000da30: 7420 2a72 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e t *red, grub_uin\n+0000da40: 7438 5f74 202a 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 t8_t *green, gru\n+0000da50: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a62 6c75 652c b_uint8_t *blue,\n+0000da60: 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a61 grub_uint8_t *a\n+0000da70: 6c70 6861 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 lpha);. * Desc\n+0000da80: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000da90: 6e6d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 nmap color value\n+0000daa0: 2066 726f 6d20 2763 6f6c 6f72 2720 746f from 'color' to\n+0000dab0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 7320 color channels \n+0000dac0: 696e 2027 7265 6427 2c20 2767 7265 656e in 'red', 'green\n+0000dad0: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6c75 6527 2061 ',. 'blue' a\n+0000dae0: 6e64 2027 616c 7068 6127 2e20 2056 616c nd 'alpha'. Val\n+0000daf0: 7565 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 2072 ues will be in r\n+0000db00: 616e 6765 2030 2d32 3535 2e20 2041 6374 ange 0-255. Act\n+0000db10: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 ive. renderi\n+0000db20: 6e67 2074 6172 6765 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ng target will b\n+0000db30: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 e used for color\n+0000db40: 2064 6f6d 6169 6e2e 2020 496e 2063 6173 domain. In cas\n+0000db50: 6520 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 e alpha. inf\n+0000db60: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 ormation is not \n+0000db70: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2072 656e available in ren\n+0000db80: 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6172 6765 742c 2069 dering target, i\n+0000db90: 7420 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f0a t is assumed to.\n+0000dba0: 2020 2020 2062 6520 6f70 6171 7565 2028 be opaque (\n+0000dbb0: 6861 7669 6e67 2076 616c 7565 2032 3535 having value 255\n+0000dbc0: 292e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3720 6772 7562 )...10.1.17 grub\n+0000dbd0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 _video_fill_rect\n+0000dbe0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000dbf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0000dc00: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n+0000dc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n+0000dc20: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n+0000dc30: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 6c6c 5f72 rub_video_fill_r\n+0000dc40: 6563 7420 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ect (grub_video_\n+0000dc50: 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 color_t color, i\n+0000dc60: 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2075 6e73 nt x, int y, uns\n+0000dc70: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c igned int width,\n+0000dc80: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 unsigned int he\n+0000dc90: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 ight);. * Desc\n+0000dca0: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 ription:.. F\n+0000dcb0: 696c 6c20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6172 ill specified ar\n+0000dcc0: 6561 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6769 ea limited by gi\n+0000dcd0: 7665 6e20 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 ven coordinates \n+0000dce0: 7769 7468 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 within specified\n+0000dcf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e20 . viewport. \n+0000dd00: 204e 6567 6174 6976 6520 636f 6f72 6469 Negative coordi\n+0000dd10: 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6163 6365 7074 nates are accept\n+0000dd20: 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 ed in order to a\n+0000dd30: 6c6c 6f77 2065 6173 790a 2020 2020 206d llow easy. m\n+0000dd40: 6f76 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6563 7461 6e67 oving of rectang\n+0000dd50: 6c65 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7669 6577 706f le within viewpo\n+0000dd60: 7274 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 rt. If coordina\n+0000dd70: 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 6761 7469 7665 tes are negative\n+0000dd80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 7265 6120 6f66 2074 ,. area of t\n+0000dd90: 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 2077 696c he rectangle wil\n+0000dda0: 6c20 6265 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f l be shrinken to\n+0000ddb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d follow size lim\n+0000ddc0: 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 its of the. \n+0000ddd0: 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 viewport... \n+0000dde0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 Software develop\n+0000ddf0: 6572 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6569 er should use ei\n+0000de00: 7468 6572 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f ther 'grub_video\n+0000de10: 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 272c 0a20 2020 _map_color',. \n+0000de20: 2020 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 'grub_video_ma\n+0000de30: 705f 7267 6227 206f 7220 2767 7275 625f p_rgb' or 'grub_\n+0000de40: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 2720 video_map_rgba' \n+0000de50: 746f 206d 6170 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 to map requested\n+0000de60: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 . color to '\n+0000de70: 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 color' parameter\n+0000de80: 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3138 2067 7275 625f ...10.1.18 grub_\n+0000de90: 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 video_blit_glyph\n+0000dea0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000deb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000dec0: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000ded0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000dee0: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000def0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f grub_video_blit_\n+0000df00: 676c 7970 6820 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 glyph (struct gr\n+0000df10: 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 2a67 ub_font_glyph *g\n+0000df20: 6c79 7068 2c20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f lyph, grub_video\n+0000df30: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f74 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 _color_t color, \n+0000df40: 696e 7420 782c 2069 6e74 2079 293b 0a20 int x, int y);. \n+0000df50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 struct \n+0000df60: 6772 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 grub_font_glyph \n+0000df70: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000df80: 2f2a 2054 4244 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 /* TBD. */. \n+0000df90: 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 };. * Des\n+0000dfa0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n+0000dfb0: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2067 6c79 Used to blit gly\n+0000dfc0: 7068 2074 6f20 7669 6577 706f 7274 2069 ph to viewport i\n+0000dfd0: 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6f64 n specified cood\n+0000dfe0: 696e 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 676c 7970 inates. If glyp\n+0000dff0: 680a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6174 2065 6467 h. is at edg\n+0000e000: 6520 6f66 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742c 2070 e of viewport, p\n+0000e010: 6978 656c 7320 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 ixels outside of\n+0000e020: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 viewport will b\n+0000e030: 6520 636c 6970 7065 640a 2020 2020 206f e clipped. o\n+0000e040: 7574 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6465 ut. Software de\n+0000e050: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 veloper should u\n+0000e060: 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 2767 7275 625f se either 'grub_\n+0000e070: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6227 206f video_map_rgb' o\n+0000e080: 720a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 r. 'grub_vid\n+0000e090: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 6127 2074 6f20 eo_map_rgba' to \n+0000e0a0: 6d61 7020 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 636f map requested co\n+0000e0b0: 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 lor to 'color' p\n+0000e0c0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e arameter...10.1.\n+0000e0d0: 3139 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 19 grub_video_bl\n+0000e0e0: 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d it_bitmap.------\n 0000e0f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000e100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-0000e110: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n-0000e120: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n-0000e130: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n-0000e140: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6269 746d _video_blit_bitm\n-0000e150: 6170 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f ap (struct grub_\n-0000e160: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 video_bitmap *bi\n-0000e170: 746d 6170 2c20 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f tmap, enum grub_\n-0000e180: 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f6f 7065 7261 video_blit_opera\n-0000e190: 746f 7273 206f 7065 722c 2069 6e74 2078 tors oper, int x\n-0000e1a0: 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 , int y, int off\n-0000e1b0: 7365 745f 782c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 set_x, int offse\n-0000e1c0: 745f 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e t_y, unsigned in\n-0000e1d0: 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 t width, unsigne\n-0000e1e0: 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 d int height);. \n-0000e1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 struct \n-0000e200: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n-0000e210: 700a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 p. {. \n-0000e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 /* T\n-0000e230: 4244 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BD. */. \n-0000e240: 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 };.. e\n-0000e250: 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 num grub_video_b\n-0000e260: 6c69 745f 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 730a 2020 lit_operators. \n-0000e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 {. \n-0000e280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 GRUB_V\n-0000e290: 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 5245 504c 4143 IDEO_BLIT_REPLAC\n-0000e2a0: 452c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 E,. \n-0000e2b0: 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 GRUB_VIDEO_BLIT\n-0000e2c0: 5f42 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _BLEND. \n-0000e2d0: 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 };. * Descr\n-0000e2e0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 iption:.. Us\n-0000e2f0: 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2062 6974 6d61 ed to blit bitma\n-0000e300: 7020 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 696e p to viewport in\n-0000e310: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2063 6f6f 7264 specified coord\n-0000e320: 696e 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7061 7274 inates. If part\n-0000e330: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2062 6974 6d61 7020 . of bitmap \n-0000e340: 6973 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7669 is outside of vi\n-0000e350: 6577 706f 7274 2072 6567 696f 6e2c 2069 ewport region, i\n-0000e360: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6970 7065 t will be clippe\n-0000e370: 6420 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4f66 6673 d out.. Offs\n-0000e380: 6574 7320 6166 6665 6374 2062 6974 6d61 ets affect bitma\n-0000e390: 7020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 p position where\n-0000e3a0: 2064 6174 6120 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f data will be co\n-0000e3b0: 7069 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 pied from.. \n-0000e3c0: 4e65 6761 7469 7665 2076 616c 7565 7320 Negative values \n-0000e3d0: 666f 7220 626f 7468 2076 6965 7770 6f72 for both viewpor\n-0000e3e0: 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 616e t coordinates an\n-0000e3f0: 6420 6269 746d 6170 206f 6666 7365 740a d bitmap offset.\n-0000e400: 2020 2020 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6573 coordinates\n-0000e410: 2061 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2049 are allowed. I\n-0000e420: 6620 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6b 6564 f data is looked\n-0000e430: 206f 7574 206f 6620 626f 756e 6473 206f out of bounds o\n-0000e440: 660a 2020 2020 2062 6974 6d61 702c 2063 f. bitmap, c\n-0000e450: 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2077 696c 6c20 olor value will \n-0000e460: 6265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 be assumed to be\n-0000e470: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2049 transparent. I\n-0000e480: 6620 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a20 2020 2020 f viewport. \n-0000e490: 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 coordinates are \n-0000e4a0: 6e65 6761 7469 7665 2c20 6172 6561 206f negative, area o\n-0000e4b0: 6620 7468 6520 626c 6974 7465 6420 7265 f the blitted re\n-0000e4c0: 6374 616e 676c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a ctangle will be.\n-0000e4d0: 2020 2020 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f shrinken to\n-0000e4e0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d follow size lim\n-0000e4f0: 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 its of the viewp\n-0000e500: 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6269 746d 6170 2e0a ort and bitmap..\n-0000e510: 2020 2020 2042 6c69 7474 696e 6720 6f70 Blitting op\n-0000e520: 6572 6174 6f72 2027 6f70 6572 2720 7370 erator 'oper' sp\n-0000e530: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2073 ecifies should s\n-0000e540: 6f75 7263 6520 7069 7865 6c20 7265 706c ource pixel repl\n-0000e550: 6163 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e ace data. in\n-0000e560: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 screen or blend\n-0000e570: 2077 6974 6820 7069 7865 6c20 616c 7068 with pixel alph\n-0000e580: 6120 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 a value... S\n-0000e590: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 oftware develope\n-0000e5a0: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 2027 6772 r should use 'gr\n-0000e5b0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n-0000e5c0: 6372 6561 7465 2720 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 create' or. \n-0000e5d0: 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 'grub_video_bitm\n-0000e5e0: 6170 5f6c 6f61 6427 2074 6f20 6372 6561 ap_load' to crea\n-0000e5f0: 7465 206f 7220 6c6f 6164 2062 6974 6d61 te or load bitma\n-0000e600: 7020 6461 7461 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3230 p data...10.1.20\n-0000e610: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 grub_video_blit\n-0000e620: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 0a2d _render_target.-\n+0000e100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n+0000e110: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rototype:.. \n+0000e120: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a grub_err_t.\n+0000e130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n+0000e140: 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6269 746d 6170 ideo_blit_bitmap\n+0000e150: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+0000e160: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d deo_bitmap *bitm\n+0000e170: 6170 2c20 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 ap, enum grub_vi\n+0000e180: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f6f 7065 7261 746f deo_blit_operato\n+0000e190: 7273 206f 7065 722c 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 rs oper, int x, \n+0000e1a0: 696e 7420 792c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 int y, int offse\n+0000e1b0: 745f 782c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f t_x, int offset_\n+0000e1c0: 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 y, unsigned int \n+0000e1d0: 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 width, unsigned \n+0000e1e0: 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 int height);. \n+0000e1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 struct gr\n+0000e200: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 700a ub_video_bitmap.\n+0000e210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 4244 /* TBD\n+0000e230: 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d . */. }\n+0000e240: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 ;.. enu\n+0000e250: 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 m grub_video_bli\n+0000e260: 745f 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 730a 2020 2020 t_operators. \n+0000e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 4944 GRUB_VID\n+0000e290: 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 5245 504c 4143 452c EO_BLIT_REPLACE,\n+0000e2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n+0000e2b0: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 RUB_VIDEO_BLIT_B\n+0000e2c0: 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LEND. \n+0000e2d0: 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 };. * Descrip\n+0000e2e0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 tion:.. Used\n+0000e2f0: 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2062 6974 6d61 7020 to blit bitmap \n+0000e300: 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 696e 2073 to viewport in s\n+0000e310: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2063 6f6f 7264 696e pecified coordin\n+0000e320: 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7061 7274 0a20 ates. If part. \n+0000e330: 2020 2020 6f66 2062 6974 6d61 7020 6973 of bitmap is\n+0000e340: 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7669 6577 outside of view\n+0000e350: 706f 7274 2072 6567 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 port region, it \n+0000e360: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6970 7065 6420 will be clipped \n+0000e370: 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4f66 6673 6574 out.. Offset\n+0000e380: 7320 6166 6665 6374 2062 6974 6d61 7020 s affect bitmap \n+0000e390: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2064 position where d\n+0000e3a0: 6174 6120 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 7069 ata will be copi\n+0000e3b0: 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 ed from.. Ne\n+0000e3c0: 6761 7469 7665 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f gative values fo\n+0000e3d0: 7220 626f 7468 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 r both viewport \n+0000e3e0: 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 616e 6420 coordinates and \n+0000e3f0: 6269 746d 6170 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 bitmap offset. \n+0000e400: 2020 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6573 2061 coordinates a\n+0000e410: 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2049 6620 re allowed. If \n+0000e420: 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6b 6564 206f data is looked o\n+0000e430: 7574 206f 6620 626f 756e 6473 206f 660a ut of bounds of.\n+0000e440: 2020 2020 2062 6974 6d61 702c 2063 6f6c bitmap, col\n+0000e450: 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2077 696c 6c20 6265 or value will be\n+0000e460: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2074 assumed to be t\n+0000e470: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 ransparent. If \n+0000e480: 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a20 2020 2020 636f viewport. co\n+0000e490: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 ordinates are ne\n+0000e4a0: 6761 7469 7665 2c20 6172 6561 206f 6620 gative, area of \n+0000e4b0: 7468 6520 626c 6974 7465 6420 7265 6374 the blitted rect\n+0000e4c0: 616e 676c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 angle will be. \n+0000e4d0: 2020 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f 2066 shrinken to f\n+0000e4e0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 ollow size limit\n+0000e4f0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 s of the viewpor\n+0000e500: 7420 616e 6420 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 t and bitmap.. \n+0000e510: 2020 2042 6c69 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 Blitting oper\n+0000e520: 6174 6f72 2027 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 ator 'oper' spec\n+0000e530: 6966 6965 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2073 6f75 ifies should sou\n+0000e540: 7263 6520 7069 7865 6c20 7265 706c 6163 rce pixel replac\n+0000e550: 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2073 e data. in s\n+0000e560: 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 creen or blend w\n+0000e570: 6974 6820 7069 7865 6c20 616c 7068 6120 ith pixel alpha \n+0000e580: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 value... Sof\n+0000e590: 7477 6172 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 tware developer \n+0000e5a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 2027 6772 7562 should use 'grub\n+0000e5b0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 _video_bitmap_cr\n+0000e5c0: 6561 7465 2720 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2767 eate' or. 'g\n+0000e5d0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n+0000e5e0: 5f6c 6f61 6427 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 _load' to create\n+0000e5f0: 206f 7220 6c6f 6164 2062 6974 6d61 7020 or load bitmap \n+0000e600: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3230 2067 data...10.1.20 g\n+0000e610: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f72 rub_video_blit_r\n+0000e620: 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d ender_target.---\n 0000e630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000e640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000e650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f ----.. * Proto\n-0000e660: 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 type:.. \n-0000e670: 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000e680: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f grub_video\n-0000e690: 5f62 6c69 745f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 _blit_render_tar\n-0000e6a0: 6765 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 get (struct grub\n-0000e6b0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 _video_render_ta\n-0000e6c0: 7267 6574 202a 736f 7572 6365 2c20 656e rget *source, en\n-0000e6d0: 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c um grub_video_bl\n-0000e6e0: 6974 5f6f 7065 7261 746f 7273 206f 7065 it_operators ope\n-0000e6f0: 722c 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c r, int x, int y,\n-0000e700: 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f 782c 2069 int offset_x, i\n-0000e710: 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f 792c 2075 6e73 nt offset_y, uns\n-0000e720: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c igned int width,\n-0000e730: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 unsigned int he\n-0000e740: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight);. \n-0000e750: 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 struct grub_vid\n-0000e760: 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 eo_render_target\n-0000e770: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000e780: 202f 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 7072 6976 /* This is priv\n-0000e790: 6174 6520 6461 7461 2066 6f72 2076 6964 ate data for vid\n-0000e7a0: 656f 2064 7269 7665 722e 2053 686f 756c eo driver. Shoul\n-0000e7b0: 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 d not be accesse\n-0000e7c0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 d from elsewhere\n-0000e7d0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 2a2f 0a20 directly. */. \n-0000e7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 };.. \n-0000e7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 enum grub\n-0000e800: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6f70 6572 _video_blit_oper\n-0000e810: 6174 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ators. \n-0000e820: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000e830: 2020 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 GRUB_VIDEO_BLI\n-0000e840: 545f 5245 504c 4143 452c 0a20 2020 2020 T_REPLACE,. \n-0000e850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 GRUB_VI\n-0000e860: 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 4c45 4e44 0a20 DEO_BLIT_BLEND. \n-0000e870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 };. \n-0000e880: 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a * Description:.\n-0000e890: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c . Used to bl\n-0000e8a0: 6974 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 it source render\n-0000e8b0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 target to viewp\n-0000e8c0: 6f72 7420 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ort in specified\n-0000e8d0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 . coordinate\n-0000e8e0: 732e 2020 4966 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2073 s. If part of s\n-0000e8f0: 6f75 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 ource render tar\n-0000e900: 6765 7420 6973 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f get is outside o\n-0000e910: 660a 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 f. viewport \n-0000e920: 7265 6769 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 region, it will \n-0000e930: 6265 2063 6c69 7070 6564 206f 7574 2e20 be clipped out. \n-0000e940: 2049 6620 626c 6974 7469 6e67 206f 7065 If blitting ope\n-0000e950: 7261 746f 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 rator is. sp\n-0000e960: 6563 6966 6965 6420 616e 6420 736f 7572 ecified and sour\n-0000e970: 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 616c 7068 ce contains alph\n-0000e980: 6120 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 7265 7375 6c74 a values, result\n-0000e990: 696e 6720 7069 7865 6c20 636f 6c6f 720a ing pixel color.\n-0000e9a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 components \n-0000e9b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c63 756c 6174 will be calculat\n-0000e9c0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2066 6f72 6d75 6c61 ed using formula\n-0000e9d0: 2028 2873 7263 5f63 6f6c 6f72 202a 0a20 ((src_color *. \n-0000e9e0: 2020 2020 7372 635f 616c 7068 6129 202b src_alpha) +\n-0000e9f0: 2028 6473 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2a20 2832 (dst_color * (2\n-0000ea00: 3535 202d 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 6861 2929 55 - src_alpha))\n-0000ea10: 202f 2032 3535 2c20 6966 2074 6172 6765 / 255, if targe\n-0000ea20: 740a 2020 2020 2062 7566 6665 7220 6861 t. buffer ha\n-0000ea30: 7320 616c 7068 612c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c s alpha, it will\n-0000ea40: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2073 7263 5f61 be set to src_a\n-0000ea50: 6c70 6861 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7473 2061 lpha. Offsets a\n-0000ea60: 6666 6563 740a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 ffect. rende\n-0000ea70: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6f73 6974 696f r target positio\n-0000ea80: 6e20 7768 6572 6520 6461 7461 2077 696c n where data wil\n-0000ea90: 6c20 6265 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d l be copied from\n-0000eaa0: 2e20 2049 6620 6461 7461 2069 730a 2020 . If data is. \n-0000eab0: 2020 206c 6f6f 6b65 6420 6f75 7420 6f66 looked out of\n-0000eac0: 2062 6f75 6e64 7320 6f66 2072 656e 6465 bounds of rende\n-0000ead0: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2c20 636f 6c6f 7220 r target, color \n-0000eae0: 7661 6c75 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6173 value will be as\n-0000eaf0: 7375 6d65 640a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 sumed. to be\n-0000eb00: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2042 transparent. B\n-0000eb10: 6c69 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 litting operator\n-0000eb20: 2027 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 6966 6965 'oper' specifie\n-0000eb30: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 736f s should. so\n-0000eb40: 7572 6365 2070 6978 656c 2072 6570 6c61 urce pixel repla\n-0000eb50: 6365 2064 6174 6120 696e 2073 6372 6565 ce data in scree\n-0000eb60: 6e20 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 6974 6820 n or blend with \n-0000eb70: 7069 7865 6c20 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 pixel alpha. \n-0000eb80: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3231 value...10.1.21\n-0000eb90: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7363 726f grub_video_scro\n-0000eba0: 6c6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ll.-------------\n-0000ebb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-0000ebc0: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n-0000ebd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n-0000ebe0: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n-0000ebf0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6372 6f6c 6c20 ub_video_scroll \n-0000ec00: 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f (grub_video_colo\n-0000ec10: 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 6e74 2064 r_t color, int d\n-0000ec20: 782c 2069 6e74 2064 7929 3b0a 2020 202a x, int dy);. *\n-0000ec30: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 Description:.. \n-0000ec40: 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7363 726f Used to scro\n-0000ec50: 6c6c 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 746f 2073 ll viewport to s\n-0000ec60: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2064 6972 6563 7469 pecified directi\n-0000ec70: 6f6e 2e20 204e 6577 2061 7265 6173 2061 on. New areas a\n-0000ec80: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 re. filled w\n-0000ec90: 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f ith specified co\n-0000eca0: 6c6f 722e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 lor. This funct\n-0000ecb0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e ion is used when\n-0000ecc0: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 screen is. \n-0000ecd0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6572 2075 7020 696e 2076 scroller up in v\n-0000ece0: 6964 656f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a ideo terminal...\n-0000ecf0: 3130 2e31 2e32 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 10.1.22 grub_vid\n-0000ed00: 656f 5f73 7761 705f 6275 6666 6572 730a eo_swap_buffers.\n+0000e650: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n+0000e660: 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 pe:.. g\n+0000e670: 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 rub_err_t. \n+0000e680: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 grub_video_b\n+0000e690: 6c69 745f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 lit_render_targe\n+0000e6a0: 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 t (struct grub_v\n+0000e6b0: 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 ideo_render_targ\n+0000e6c0: 6574 202a 736f 7572 6365 2c20 656e 756d et *source, enum\n+0000e6d0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 grub_video_blit\n+0000e6e0: 5f6f 7065 7261 746f 7273 206f 7065 722c _operators oper,\n+0000e6f0: 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2069 int x, int y, i\n+0000e700: 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f 782c 2069 6e74 nt offset_x, int\n+0000e710: 206f 6666 7365 745f 792c 2075 6e73 6967 offset_y, unsig\n+0000e720: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 ned int width, u\n+0000e730: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 nsigned int heig\n+0000e740: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 ht);. s\n+0000e750: 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f truct grub_video\n+0000e760: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 207b _render_target {\n+0000e770: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f . /\n+0000e780: 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 7072 6976 6174 * This is privat\n+0000e790: 6520 6461 7461 2066 6f72 2076 6964 656f e data for video\n+0000e7a0: 2064 7269 7665 722e 2053 686f 756c 6420 driver. Should \n+0000e7b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 not be accessed \n+0000e7c0: 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2064 from elsewhere d\n+0000e7d0: 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 irectly. */. \n+0000e7e0: 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 };.. \n+0000e7f0: 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 enum grub_v\n+0000e800: 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6f70 6572 6174 ideo_blit_operat\n+0000e810: 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ors. \n+0000e820: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e830: 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f GRUB_VIDEO_BLIT_\n+0000e840: 5245 504c 4143 452c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 REPLACE,. \n+0000e850: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 GRUB_VIDE\n+0000e860: 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 O_BLIT_BLEND. \n+0000e870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a };. *\n+0000e880: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 Description:.. \n+0000e890: 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 Used to blit\n+0000e8a0: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 source render t\n+0000e8b0: 6172 6765 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 arget to viewpor\n+0000e8c0: 7420 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 t in specified. \n+0000e8d0: 2020 2020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 732e coordinates.\n+0000e8e0: 2020 4966 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2073 6f75 If part of sou\n+0000e8f0: 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 rce render targe\n+0000e900: 7420 6973 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 660a t is outside of.\n+0000e910: 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7265 viewport re\n+0000e920: 6769 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 gion, it will be\n+0000e930: 2063 6c69 7070 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2049 clipped out. I\n+0000e940: 6620 626c 6974 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 f blitting opera\n+0000e950: 746f 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 tor is. spec\n+0000e960: 6966 6965 6420 616e 6420 736f 7572 6365 ified and source\n+0000e970: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 616c 7068 6120 contains alpha \n+0000e980: 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 7265 7375 6c74 696e values, resultin\n+0000e990: 6720 7069 7865 6c20 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 g pixel color. \n+0000e9a0: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 components wi\n+0000e9b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6564 ll be calculated\n+0000e9c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2066 6f72 6d75 6c61 2028 using formula (\n+0000e9d0: 2873 7263 5f63 6f6c 6f72 202a 0a20 2020 (src_color *. \n+0000e9e0: 2020 7372 635f 616c 7068 6129 202b 2028 src_alpha) + (\n+0000e9f0: 6473 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2a20 2832 3535 dst_color * (255\n+0000ea00: 202d 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 6861 2929 202f - src_alpha)) /\n+0000ea10: 2032 3535 2c20 6966 2074 6172 6765 740a 255, if target.\n+0000ea20: 2020 2020 2062 7566 6665 7220 6861 7320 buffer has \n+0000ea30: 616c 7068 612c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 alpha, it will b\n+0000ea40: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 e set to src_alp\n+0000ea50: 6861 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7473 2061 6666 ha. Offsets aff\n+0000ea60: 6563 740a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7220 ect. render \n+0000ea70: 7461 7267 6574 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 target position \n+0000ea80: 7768 6572 6520 6461 7461 2077 696c 6c20 where data will \n+0000ea90: 6265 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 be copied from. \n+0000eaa0: 2049 6620 6461 7461 2069 730a 2020 2020 If data is. \n+0000eab0: 206c 6f6f 6b65 6420 6f75 7420 6f66 2062 looked out of b\n+0000eac0: 6f75 6e64 7320 6f66 2072 656e 6465 7220 ounds of render \n+0000ead0: 7461 7267 6574 2c20 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 target, color va\n+0000eae0: 6c75 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6173 7375 lue will be assu\n+0000eaf0: 6d65 640a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 2074 med. to be t\n+0000eb00: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2042 6c69 ransparent. Bli\n+0000eb10: 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 2027 tting operator '\n+0000eb20: 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 oper' specifies \n+0000eb30: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 736f 7572 should. sour\n+0000eb40: 6365 2070 6978 656c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 ce pixel replace\n+0000eb50: 2064 6174 6120 696e 2073 6372 6565 6e20 data in screen \n+0000eb60: 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 6974 6820 7069 or blend with pi\n+0000eb70: 7865 6c20 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2076 xel alpha. v\n+0000eb80: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3231 2067 alue...10.1.21 g\n+0000eb90: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7363 726f 6c6c rub_video_scroll\n+0000eba0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000ebb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n+0000ebc0: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000ebd0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n+0000ebe0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000ebf0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6372 6f6c 6c20 2867 _video_scroll (g\n+0000ec00: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f rub_video_color_\n+0000ec10: 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 6e74 2064 782c t color, int dx,\n+0000ec20: 2069 6e74 2064 7929 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 int dy);. * D\n+0000ec30: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 escription:.. \n+0000ec40: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7363 726f 6c6c Used to scroll\n+0000ec50: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 746f 2073 7065 viewport to spe\n+0000ec60: 6369 6669 6564 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e cified direction\n+0000ec70: 2e20 204e 6577 2061 7265 6173 2061 7265 . New areas are\n+0000ec80: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 . filled wit\n+0000ec90: 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6c6f h specified colo\n+0000eca0: 722e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f r. This functio\n+0000ecb0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2073 n is used when s\n+0000ecc0: 6372 6565 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7363 creen is. sc\n+0000ecd0: 726f 6c6c 6572 2075 7020 696e 2076 6964 roller up in vid\n+0000ece0: 656f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 3130 eo terminal...10\n+0000ecf0: 2e31 2e32 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.22 grub_video\n+0000ed00: 5f73 7761 705f 6275 6666 6572 730a 2d2d _swap_buffers.--\n 0000ed10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000ed30: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n-0000ed40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000ed50: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n-0000ed60: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7377 6170 grub_video_swap\n-0000ed70: 5f62 7566 6665 7273 2028 766f 6964 293b _buffers (void);\n-0000ed80: 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f . * Descriptio\n-0000ed90: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 646f 7562 n:.. If doub\n-0000eda0: 6c65 2062 7566 6665 7269 6e67 2069 7320 le buffering is \n-0000edb0: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 7377 enabled, this sw\n-0000edc0: 6170 7320 6672 6f6e 7462 7566 6665 7220 aps frontbuffer \n-0000edd0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b62 7566 and. backbuf\n-0000ede0: 6665 722c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f fer, in order to\n-0000edf0: 2073 686f 7720 7661 6c75 6573 2064 7261 show values dra\n-0000ee00: 776e 2074 6f20 6261 636b 2062 7566 6665 wn to back buffe\n-0000ee10: 722e 2020 5669 6465 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 r. Video. d\n-0000ee20: 7269 7665 7220 6973 2066 7265 6520 746f river is free to\n-0000ee30: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 686f 7720 7468 6973 choose how this\n-0000ee40: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7465 operation is te\n-0000ee50: 6368 696e 6361 6c6c 7920 646f 6e65 2e0a chincally done..\n-0000ee60: 0a31 302e 312e 3233 2067 7275 625f 7669 .10.1.23 grub_vi\n-0000ee70: 6465 6f5f 6372 6561 7465 5f72 656e 6465 deo_create_rende\n-0000ee80: 725f 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_target.-------\n+0000ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0000ed30: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n+0000ed40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n+0000ed50: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n+0000ed60: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7377 6170 5f62 rub_video_swap_b\n+0000ed70: 7566 6665 7273 2028 766f 6964 293b 0a20 uffers (void);. \n+0000ed80: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n+0000ed90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 646f 7562 6c65 .. If double\n+0000eda0: 2062 7566 6665 7269 6e67 2069 7320 656e buffering is en\n+0000edb0: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 7377 6170 abled, this swap\n+0000edc0: 7320 6672 6f6e 7462 7566 6665 7220 616e s frontbuffer an\n+0000edd0: 640a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b62 7566 6665 d. backbuffe\n+0000ede0: 722c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2073 r, in order to s\n+0000edf0: 686f 7720 7661 6c75 6573 2064 7261 776e how values drawn\n+0000ee00: 2074 6f20 6261 636b 2062 7566 6665 722e to back buffer.\n+0000ee10: 2020 5669 6465 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 Video. dri\n+0000ee20: 7665 7220 6973 2066 7265 6520 746f 2063 ver is free to c\n+0000ee30: 686f 6f73 6520 686f 7720 7468 6973 206f hoose how this o\n+0000ee40: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7465 6368 peration is tech\n+0000ee50: 696e 6361 6c6c 7920 646f 6e65 2e0a 0a31 incally done...1\n+0000ee60: 302e 312e 3233 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 0.1.23 grub_vide\n+0000ee70: 6f5f 6372 6561 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f o_create_render_\n+0000ee80: 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d target.---------\n 0000ee90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000eea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000eeb0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n-0000eec0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000eed0: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n-0000eee0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 7265 grub_video_cre\n-0000eef0: 6174 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 ate_render_targe\n-0000ef00: 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 t (struct grub_v\n-0000ef10: 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 ideo_render_targ\n-0000ef20: 6574 202a 2a72 6573 756c 742c 2075 6e73 et **result, uns\n-0000ef30: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c igned int width,\n-0000ef40: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 unsigned int he\n-0000ef50: 6967 6874 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 ight, unsigned i\n-0000ef60: 6e74 206d 6f64 655f 7479 7065 293b 0a20 nt mode_type);. \n-0000ef70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 struct \n-0000ef80: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 grub_video_rende\n-0000ef90: 725f 7461 7267 6574 207b 0a20 2020 2020 r_target {. \n-0000efa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5468 6973 /* This\n-0000efb0: 2069 7320 7072 6976 6174 6520 6461 7461 is private data\n-0000efc0: 2066 6f72 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 for video drive\n-0000efd0: 722e 2053 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 r. Should not be\n-0000efe0: 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 accessed from e\n-0000eff0: 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2064 6972 6563 746c lsewhere directl\n-0000f000: 792e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 y. */. \n-0000f010: 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 };. * Descrip\n-0000f020: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6976 tion:.. Driv\n-0000f030: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696e 666f er will use info\n-0000f040: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 rmation provided\n-0000f050: 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 to it to create\n-0000f060: 2062 6573 7420 6669 7474 696e 670a 2020 best fitting. \n-0000f070: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 render target\n-0000f080: 2e20 2027 6d6f 6465 5f74 7970 6527 2077 . 'mode_type' w\n-0000f090: 696c 6c20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 ill be used to g\n-0000f0a0: 7569 6465 206f 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 696e uide on selectin\n-0000f0b0: 6720 7768 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 g what. feat\n-0000f0c0: 7572 6573 2061 7265 2077 616e 7465 6420 ures are wanted \n-0000f0d0: 666f 7220 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 for render targe\n-0000f0e0: 742e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7661 t. Supported va\n-0000f0f0: 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 276d lues for. 'm\n-0000f100: 6f64 655f 7479 7065 2720 6172 6520 2747 ode_type' are 'G\n-0000f110: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 RUB_VIDEO_MODE_T\n-0000f120: 5950 455f 494e 4445 585f 434f 4c4f 5227 YPE_INDEX_COLOR'\n-0000f130: 2066 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 for index color\n-0000f140: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732c 2027 4752 . modes, 'GR\n-0000f150: 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 UB_VIDEO_MODE_TY\n-0000f160: 5045 5f52 4742 2720 666f 7220 6469 7265 PE_RGB' for dire\n-0000f170: 6374 2052 4742 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 ct RGB color mod\n-0000f180: 6573 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 es and. 'GRU\n-0000f190: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 B_VIDEO_MODE_TYP\n-0000f1a0: 455f 414c 5048 4127 2066 6f72 2061 6c70 E_ALPHA' for alp\n-0000f1b0: 6861 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a31 ha component...1\n-0000f1c0: 302e 312e 3234 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 0.1.24 grub_vide\n-0000f1d0: 6f5f 6465 6c65 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f o_delete_render_\n-0000f1e0: 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d target.---------\n+0000eea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000eeb0: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000eec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000eed0: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000eee0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 7265 6174 grub_video_creat\n+0000eef0: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 e_render_target \n+0000ef00: 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 (struct grub_vid\n+0000ef10: 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 eo_render_target\n+0000ef20: 202a 2a72 6573 756c 742c 2075 6e73 6967 **result, unsig\n+0000ef30: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 ned int width, u\n+0000ef40: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 nsigned int heig\n+0000ef50: 6874 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 ht, unsigned int\n+0000ef60: 206d 6f64 655f 7479 7065 293b 0a20 2020 mode_type);. \n+0000ef70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 struct gr\n+0000ef80: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f ub_video_render_\n+0000ef90: 7461 7267 6574 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 target {. \n+0000efa0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5468 6973 2069 /* This i\n+0000efb0: 7320 7072 6976 6174 6520 6461 7461 2066 s private data f\n+0000efc0: 6f72 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 722e or video driver.\n+0000efd0: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 Should not be a\n+0000efe0: 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 ccessed from els\n+0000eff0: 6577 6865 7265 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e ewhere directly.\n+0000f000: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d */. }\n+0000f010: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000f020: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6976 6572 on:.. Driver\n+0000f030: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696e 666f 726d will use inform\n+0000f040: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 ation provided t\n+0000f050: 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2062 o it to create b\n+0000f060: 6573 7420 6669 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 est fitting. \n+0000f070: 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 2e20 render target. \n+0000f080: 2027 6d6f 6465 5f74 7970 6527 2077 696c 'mode_type' wil\n+0000f090: 6c20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 7569 l be used to gui\n+0000f0a0: 6465 206f 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 de on selecting \n+0000f0b0: 7768 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 what. featur\n+0000f0c0: 6573 2061 7265 2077 616e 7465 6420 666f es are wanted fo\n+0000f0d0: 7220 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e r render target.\n+0000f0e0: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7661 6c75 Supported valu\n+0000f0f0: 6573 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6f64 es for. 'mod\n+0000f100: 655f 7479 7065 2720 6172 6520 2747 5255 e_type' are 'GRU\n+0000f110: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 B_VIDEO_MODE_TYP\n+0000f120: 455f 494e 4445 585f 434f 4c4f 5227 2066 E_INDEX_COLOR' f\n+0000f130: 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 or index color. \n+0000f140: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732c 2027 4752 5542 modes, 'GRUB\n+0000f150: 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 _VIDEO_MODE_TYPE\n+0000f160: 5f52 4742 2720 666f 7220 6469 7265 6374 _RGB' for direct\n+0000f170: 2052 4742 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 RGB color modes\n+0000f180: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f and. 'GRUB_\n+0000f190: 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 455f VIDEO_MODE_TYPE_\n+0000f1a0: 414c 5048 4127 2066 6f72 2061 6c70 6861 ALPHA' for alpha\n+0000f1b0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a31 302e component...10.\n+0000f1c0: 312e 3234 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 1.24 grub_video_\n+0000f1d0: 6465 6c65 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 delete_render_ta\n+0000f1e0: 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rget.-----------\n 0000f1f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000f210: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n-0000f220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000f230: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n-0000f240: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f64 656c 6574 grub_video_delet\n-0000f250: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 e_render_target \n-0000f260: 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 (struct grub_vid\n-0000f270: 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 eo_render_target\n-0000f280: 202a 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 *target);. * \n-0000f290: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n-0000f2a0: 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2064 656c 6574 Used to delet\n-0000f2b0: 6520 7072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 e previously cre\n-0000f2c0: 6174 6564 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 ated render targ\n-0000f2d0: 6574 2e20 2049 6620 2774 6172 6765 7427 et. If 'target'\n-0000f2e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2027 . contains '\n-0000f2f0: 4e55 4c4c 2720 706f 696e 7465 722c 206e NULL' pointer, n\n-0000f300: 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 othing will be d\n-0000f310: 6f6e 652e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 one. If render \n-0000f320: 7461 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 target is. c\n-0000f330: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2064 6573 7472 6f79 orrectly destroy\n-0000f340: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e ed, GRUB_ERR_NON\n-0000f350: 4520 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a E is returned...\n-0000f360: 3130 2e31 2e32 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 10.1.25 grub_vid\n-0000f370: 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 6976 655f 7265 eo_set_active_re\n-0000f380: 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a 2d2d 2d2d nder_target.----\n+0000f200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+0000f210: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n+0000f220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n+0000f230: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n+0000f240: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f64 656c 6574 655f ub_video_delete_\n+0000f250: 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2873 render_target (s\n+0000f260: 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f truct grub_video\n+0000f270: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 202a _render_target *\n+0000f280: 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 target);. * De\n+0000f290: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+0000f2a0: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2064 656c 6574 6520 Used to delete \n+0000f2b0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 previously creat\n+0000f2c0: 6564 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 ed render target\n+0000f2d0: 2e20 2049 6620 2774 6172 6765 7427 0a20 . If 'target'. \n+0000f2e0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2027 4e55 contains 'NU\n+0000f2f0: 4c4c 2720 706f 696e 7465 722c 206e 6f74 LL' pointer, not\n+0000f300: 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e hing will be don\n+0000f310: 652e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 e. If render ta\n+0000f320: 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 rget is. cor\n+0000f330: 7265 6374 6c79 2064 6573 7472 6f79 6564 rectly destroyed\n+0000f340: 2c20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 , GRUB_ERR_NONE \n+0000f350: 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 is returned...10\n+0000f360: 2e31 2e32 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.25 grub_video\n+0000f370: 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 6976 655f 7265 6e64 _set_active_rend\n+0000f380: 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er_target.------\n 0000f390: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000f3a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 -------.. * Pr\n-0000f3c0: 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ototype:.. \n-0000f3d0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 grub_err_t. \n-0000f3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 grub_vi\n-0000f3f0: 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 6163 7469 7665 5f72 deo_set_active_r\n-0000f400: 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 2028 7374 ender_target (st\n-0000f410: 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ruct grub_video_\n-0000f420: 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2a74 render_target *t\n-0000f430: 6172 6765 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 arget);. * Des\n-0000f440: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n-0000f450: 5365 7473 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 Sets active rend\n-0000f460: 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4966 2074 er target. If t\n-0000f470: 6869 7320 636f 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7375 his comand is su\n-0000f480: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 ccessful all. \n-0000f490: 2020 6472 6177 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e drawing comman\n-0000f4a0: 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 ds will be done \n-0000f4b0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2027 7461 to specified 'ta\n-0000f4c0: 7267 6574 272e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 rget'. There is\n-0000f4d0: 2061 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 also. speci\n-0000f4e0: 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 7461 al values for ta\n-0000f4f0: 7267 6574 2c20 2747 5255 425f 5649 4445 rget, 'GRUB_VIDE\n-0000f500: 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 545f O_RENDER_TARGET_\n-0000f510: 4449 5350 4c41 5927 2075 7365 640a 2020 DISPLAY' used. \n-0000f520: 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 to reference \n-0000f530: 7363 7265 656e 2773 2066 726f 6e74 2062 screen's front b\n-0000f540: 7566 6665 722c 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 uffer,. 'GRU\n-0000f550: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 B_VIDEO_RENDER_T\n-0000f560: 4152 4745 545f 4652 4f4e 545f 4255 4646 ARGET_FRONT_BUFF\n-0000f570: 4552 2720 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 ER' used to refe\n-0000f580: 7265 6e63 6520 7363 7265 656e 2773 0a20 rence screen's. \n-0000f590: 2020 2020 6672 6f6e 7420 6275 6666 6572 front buffer\n-0000f5a0: 2028 616c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2747 5255 (alias for 'GRU\n-0000f5b0: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 B_VIDEO_RENDER_T\n-0000f5c0: 4152 4745 545f 4449 5350 4c41 5927 2920 ARGET_DISPLAY') \n-0000f5d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 and. 'GRUB_V\n-0000f5e0: 4944 454f 5f52 454e 4445 525f 5441 5247 IDEO_RENDER_TARG\n-0000f5f0: 4554 5f42 4143 4b5f 4255 4646 4552 2720 ET_BACK_BUFFER' \n-0000f600: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 used to referenc\n-0000f610: 6520 6261 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6275 6666 e back. buff\n-0000f620: 6572 2028 6966 2064 6f75 626c 6520 6275 er (if double bu\n-0000f630: 6666 6572 696e 6720 6973 2065 6e61 626c ffering is enabl\n-0000f640: 6564 292e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 ed). If render \n-0000f650: 7461 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 target is. c\n-0000f660: 6f72 7265 636c 7479 2073 7769 7463 6865 orreclty switche\n-0000f670: 6420 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 d GRUB_ERR_NONE \n-0000f680: 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 2020 496e is returned. In\n-0000f690: 206e 6f20 616e 7920 6576 656e 740a 2020 no any event. \n-0000f6a0: 2020 2073 6861 6c6c 2074 6865 7265 2062 shall there b\n-0000f6b0: 6520 6e6f 6e20 6472 6177 6162 6c65 2061 e non drawable a\n-0000f6c0: 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 ctive render tar\n-0000f6d0: 6765 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e32 3620 6772 get...10.1.26 gr\n-0000f6e0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 6374 ub_video_get_act\n-0000f6f0: 6976 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 ive_render_targe\n-0000f700: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0000f3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n+0000f3c0: 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:.. \n+0000f3d0: 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 grub_err_t. \n+0000f3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 grub_vide\n+0000f3f0: 6f5f 7365 745f 6163 7469 7665 5f72 656e o_set_active_ren\n+0000f400: 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 2028 7374 7275 der_target (stru\n+0000f410: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 ct grub_video_re\n+0000f420: 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2a74 6172 nder_target *tar\n+0000f430: 6765 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 get);. * Descr\n+0000f440: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 iption:.. Se\n+0000f450: 7473 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 ts active render\n+0000f460: 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4966 2074 6869 target. If thi\n+0000f470: 7320 636f 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7375 6363 s comand is succ\n+0000f480: 6573 7366 756c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 essful all. \n+0000f490: 6472 6177 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 drawing commands\n+0000f4a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 746f will be done to\n+0000f4b0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2027 7461 7267 specified 'targ\n+0000f4c0: 6574 272e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 et'. There is a\n+0000f4d0: 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c lso. special\n+0000f4e0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 7461 7267 values for targ\n+0000f4f0: 6574 2c20 2747 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f et, 'GRUB_VIDEO_\n+0000f500: 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 545f 4449 RENDER_TARGET_DI\n+0000f510: 5350 4c41 5927 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 SPLAY' used. \n+0000f520: 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 7363 to reference sc\n+0000f530: 7265 656e 2773 2066 726f 6e74 2062 7566 reen's front buf\n+0000f540: 6665 722c 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f fer,. 'GRUB_\n+0000f550: 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 VIDEO_RENDER_TAR\n+0000f560: 4745 545f 4652 4f4e 545f 4255 4646 4552 GET_FRONT_BUFFER\n+0000f570: 2720 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 ' used to refere\n+0000f580: 6e63 6520 7363 7265 656e 2773 0a20 2020 nce screen's. \n+0000f590: 2020 6672 6f6e 7420 6275 6666 6572 2028 front buffer (\n+0000f5a0: 616c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2747 5255 425f alias for 'GRUB_\n+0000f5b0: 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 VIDEO_RENDER_TAR\n+0000f5c0: 4745 545f 4449 5350 4c41 5927 2920 616e GET_DISPLAY') an\n+0000f5d0: 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 4944 d. 'GRUB_VID\n+0000f5e0: 454f 5f52 454e 4445 525f 5441 5247 4554 EO_RENDER_TARGET\n+0000f5f0: 5f42 4143 4b5f 4255 4646 4552 2720 7573 _BACK_BUFFER' us\n+0000f600: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 ed to reference \n+0000f610: 6261 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6275 6666 6572 back. buffer\n+0000f620: 2028 6966 2064 6f75 626c 6520 6275 6666 (if double buff\n+0000f630: 6572 696e 6720 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 ering is enabled\n+0000f640: 292e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 ). If render ta\n+0000f650: 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 rget is. cor\n+0000f660: 7265 636c 7479 2073 7769 7463 6865 6420 reclty switched \n+0000f670: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 6973 GRUB_ERR_NONE is\n+0000f680: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 2020 496e 206e returned. In n\n+0000f690: 6f20 616e 7920 6576 656e 740a 2020 2020 o any event. \n+0000f6a0: 2073 6861 6c6c 2074 6865 7265 2062 6520 shall there be \n+0000f6b0: 6e6f 6e20 6472 6177 6162 6c65 2061 6374 non drawable act\n+0000f6c0: 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 ive render targe\n+0000f6d0: 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e32 3620 6772 7562 t...10.1.26 grub\n+0000f6e0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 6374 6976 _video_get_activ\n+0000f6f0: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a e_render_target.\n+0000f700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000f710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0000f730: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n-0000f740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n-0000f750: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n-0000f760: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6163 rub_video_get_ac\n-0000f770: 7469 7665 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 tive_render_targ\n-0000f780: 6574 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f et (struct grub_\n-0000f790: 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 video_render_tar\n-0000f7a0: 6765 7420 2a2a 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 get **target);. \n-0000f7b0: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n-0000f7c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2063 .. Returns c\n-0000f7d0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 6374 6976 6520 urrently active \n-0000f7e0: 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 render target. \n-0000f7f0: 4974 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2076 616c 7565 It returns value\n-0000f800: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 7461 7267 6574 in. 'target\n-0000f810: 2720 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 ' that can be su\n-0000f820: 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2069 7373 7565 bsequently issue\n-0000f830: 6420 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 d back to. '\n-0000f840: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 grub_video_set_a\n-0000f850: 6374 6976 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 ctive_render_tar\n-0000f860: 6765 7427 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 get'.....File: g\n-0000f870: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n-0000f880: 6f64 653a 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 ode: Example usa\n-0000f890: 6765 206f 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 492c ge of Video API,\n-0000f8a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4269 746d 6170 2041 Next: Bitmap A\n-0000f8b0: 5049 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f PI, Prev: Video\n-0000f8c0: 2041 5049 2c20 2055 703a 2056 6964 656f API, Up: Video\n-0000f8d0: 2053 7562 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3130 2e32 Subsystem..10.2\n-0000f8e0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f Example usage o\n-0000f8f0: 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d f Video API.====\n+0000f720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n+0000f730: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n+0000f740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n+0000f750: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000f760: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6163 7469 b_video_get_acti\n+0000f770: 7665 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 ve_render_target\n+0000f780: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+0000f790: 6465 6f5f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 deo_render_targe\n+0000f7a0: 7420 2a2a 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 t **target);. \n+0000f7b0: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000f7c0: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2063 7572 Returns cur\n+0000f7d0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 rently active re\n+0000f7e0: 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4974 nder target. It\n+0000f7f0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2076 616c 7565 2069 returns value i\n+0000f800: 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 7461 7267 6574 2720 n. 'target' \n+0000f810: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6273 that can be subs\n+0000f820: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2069 7373 7565 6420 equently issued \n+0000f830: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 back to. 'gr\n+0000f840: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 ub_video_set_act\n+0000f850: 6976 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 ive_render_targe\n+0000f860: 7427 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 t'.....File: gru\n+0000f870: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+0000f880: 653a 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 e: Example usage\n+0000f890: 206f 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 492c 2020 of Video API, \n+0000f8a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4269 746d 6170 2041 5049 Next: Bitmap API\n+0000f8b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2041 , Prev: Video A\n+0000f8c0: 5049 2c20 2055 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 PI, Up: Video S\n+0000f8d0: 7562 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3130 2e32 2045 ubsystem..10.2 E\n+0000f8e0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 xample usage of \n+0000f8f0: 5669 6465 6f20 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Video API.======\n 0000f900: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000f910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e ===========..10.\n-0000f920: 322e 3120 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2073 2.1 Example of s\n-0000f930: 6372 6565 6e20 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d creen setup.----\n+0000f910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 322e =========..10.2.\n+0000f920: 3120 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2073 6372 1 Example of scr\n+0000f930: 6565 6e20 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d een setup.------\n 0000f940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 ----------.. \n-0000f960: 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a grub_err_t rc;.\n-0000f970: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5472 7920 746f 2069 /* Try to i\n-0000f980: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7669 6465 6f20 nitialize video \n-0000f990: 6d6f 6465 2031 3032 3420 7820 3736 3820 mode 1024 x 768 \n-0000f9a0: 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 5247 422e with direct RGB.\n-0000f9b0: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 7263 203d 2067 */. rc = g\n-0000f9c0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7020 rub_video_setup \n-0000f9d0: 2831 3032 342c 2037 3638 2c20 4752 5542 (1024, 768, GRUB\n-0000f9e0: 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 _VIDEO_MODE_TYPE\n-0000f9f0: 5f52 4742 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2028 _RGB);. if (\n-0000fa00: 7263 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e rc != GRUB_ERR_N\n-0000fa10: 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 ONE). {. \n-0000fa20: 2020 202f 2a20 4661 6c6c 2062 6163 6b20 /* Fall back \n-0000fa30: 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 5647 4120 to standard VGA \n-0000fa40: 496e 6465 7820 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 Index Color mode\n-0000fa50: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6320 . */. rc \n-0000fa60: 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 = grub_video_set\n-0000fa70: 7570 2028 3634 302c 2034 3830 2c20 4752 up (640, 480, GR\n-0000fa80: 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 UB_VIDEO_MODE_TY\n-0000fa90: 5045 5f49 4e44 4558 293b 0a20 2020 2020 PE_INDEX);. \n-0000faa0: 2020 6966 2028 7263 2021 3d20 4752 5542 if (rc != GRUB\n-0000fab0: 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 _ERR_NONE). \n-0000fac0: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4861 {. /* Ha\n-0000fad0: 6e64 6c65 2065 7272 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a ndle error. */.\n-0000fae0: 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a }. }.\n-0000faf0: 0a31 302e 322e 3220 4578 616d 706c 6520 .10.2.2 Example \n-0000fb00: 6f66 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2075 7020 636f of setting up co\n-0000fb10: 6e73 6f6c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d nsole viewport.-\n+0000f950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 --------.. g\n+0000f960: 7275 625f 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 rub_err_t rc;. \n+0000f970: 2020 202f 2a20 5472 7920 746f 2069 6e69 /* Try to ini\n+0000f980: 7469 616c 697a 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f tialize video mo\n+0000f990: 6465 2031 3032 3420 7820 3736 3820 7769 de 1024 x 768 wi\n+0000f9a0: 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 5247 422e 2020 th direct RGB. \n+0000f9b0: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 7263 203d 2067 7275 */. rc = gru\n+0000f9c0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7020 2831 b_video_setup (1\n+0000f9d0: 3032 342c 2037 3638 2c20 4752 5542 5f56 024, 768, GRUB_V\n+0000f9e0: 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 5f52 IDEO_MODE_TYPE_R\n+0000f9f0: 4742 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2028 7263 GB);. if (rc\n+0000fa00: 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e != GRUB_ERR_NON\n+0000fa10: 4529 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 E). {. \n+0000fa20: 202f 2a20 4661 6c6c 2062 6163 6b20 746f /* Fall back to\n+0000fa30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 5647 4120 496e standard VGA In\n+0000fa40: 6465 7820 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2e20 dex Color mode. \n+0000fa50: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6320 3d20 */. rc = \n+0000fa60: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 7570 grub_video_setup\n+0000fa70: 2028 3634 302c 2034 3830 2c20 4752 5542 (640, 480, GRUB\n+0000fa80: 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 _VIDEO_MODE_TYPE\n+0000fa90: 5f49 4e44 4558 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _INDEX);. \n+0000faa0: 6966 2028 7263 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 if (rc != GRUB_E\n+0000fab0: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE). \n+0000fac0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4861 6e64 {. /* Hand\n+0000fad0: 6c65 2065 7272 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 le error. */. \n+0000fae0: 2020 2020 207d 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a31 }. }..1\n+0000faf0: 302e 322e 3220 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 0.2.2 Example of\n+0000fb00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2075 7020 636f 6e73 setting up cons\n+0000fb10: 6f6c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d ole viewport.---\n 0000fb20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000fb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000fb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-0000fb50: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 3332 5f74 grub_uint32_t\n-0000fb60: 2078 2c20 792c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 x, y, width, he\n-0000fb70: 6967 6874 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f ight;. grub_\n-0000fb80: 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f video_color_t co\n-0000fb90: 6c6f 723b 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 lor;. struct\n-0000fba0: 2067 7275 625f 666f 6e74 5f67 6c79 7068 grub_font_glyph\n-0000fbb0: 2067 6c79 7068 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 glyph;. gru\n-0000fbc0: 625f 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 2020 b_err_t rc;. \n-0000fbd0: 202f 2a20 5175 6572 7920 6578 6973 7469 /* Query existi\n-0000fbe0: 6e67 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f ng viewport. */\n-0000fbf0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f . grub_video\n-0000fc00: 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2826 _get_viewport (&\n-0000fc10: 782c 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c 2026 x, &y, &width, &\n-0000fc20: 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a height);. /*\n-0000fc30: 2046 696c 6c20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Fill background\n-0000fc40: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 . */. color\n-0000fc50: 203d 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 = grub_video_ma\n-0000fc60: 705f 636f 6c6f 7220 2847 5255 425f 434f p_color (GRUB_CO\n-0000fc70: 4c4f 525f 4241 434b 4752 4f55 4e44 293b LOR_BACKGROUND);\n-0000fc80: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f . grub_video\n-0000fc90: 5f66 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 2028 636f 6c6f _fill_rect (colo\n-0000fca0: 722c 2030 2c20 302c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 r, 0, 0, width, \n-0000fcb0: 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a height);. /*\n-0000fcc0: 2053 6574 7570 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2076 Setup console v\n-0000fcd0: 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 iewport. */. \n-0000fce0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 grub_video_set\n-0000fcf0: 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2878 202b 2031 _viewport (x + 1\n-0000fd00: 302c 2079 202b 2031 302c 2077 6964 7468 0, y + 10, width\n-0000fd10: 202d 2032 302c 2068 6569 6768 7420 2d20 - 20, height - \n-0000fd20: 3230 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 20);. grub_v\n-0000fd30: 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 ideo_get_viewpor\n-0000fd40: 7420 2826 782c 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 t (&x, &y, &widt\n-0000fd50: 682c 2026 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 h, &height);. \n-0000fd60: 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 color = grub_v\n-0000fd70: 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 ideo_map_color (\n-0000fd80: 4752 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f GRUB_COLOR_CONSO\n-0000fd90: 4c45 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4429 3b0a LE_BACKGROUND);.\n-0000fda0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000fdb0: 6669 6c6c 5f72 6563 7420 2863 6f6c 6f72 fill_rect (color\n-0000fdc0: 2c20 302c 2030 2c20 7769 6474 682c 2068 , 0, 0, width, h\n-0000fdd0: 6569 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 eight);. /* \n-0000fde0: 4472 6177 2074 6578 7420 746f 2076 6965 Draw text to vie\n-0000fdf0: 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 wport. */. \n-0000fe00: 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 color = grub_vid\n-0000fe10: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 eo_map_color (GR\n-0000fe20: 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 UB_COLOR_CONSOLE\n-0000fe30: 5f54 4558 5429 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 _TEXT);. gru\n-0000fe40: 625f 666f 6e74 5f67 6574 5f67 6c79 7068 b_font_get_glyph\n-0000fe50: 2028 2758 272c 2026 676c 7970 6829 3b0a ('X', &glyph);.\n-0000fe60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000fe70: 626c 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 2667 6c79 blit_glyph (&gly\n-0000fe80: 7068 2c20 636f 6c6f 722c 2030 2c20 3029 ph, color, 0, 0)\n-0000fe90: 3b0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d ;....File: grub-\n-0000fea0: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-0000feb0: 2042 6974 6d61 7020 4150 492c 2020 5072 Bitmap API, Pr\n-0000fec0: 6576 3a20 4578 616d 706c 6520 7573 6167 ev: Example usag\n-0000fed0: 6520 6f66 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 2c20 e of Video API, \n-0000fee0: 2055 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 Up: Video Subsy\n-0000fef0: 7374 656d 0a0a 3130 2e33 2042 6974 6d61 stem..10.3 Bitma\n-0000ff00: 7020 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d p API.==========\n-0000ff10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 332e 3120 6772 =====..10.3.1 gr\n-0000ff20: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n-0000ff30: 6372 6561 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d create.---------\n+0000fb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 ----------.. \n+0000fb50: 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 3332 5f74 2078 grub_uint32_t x\n+0000fb60: 2c20 792c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 6967 , y, width, heig\n+0000fb70: 6874 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 ht;. grub_vi\n+0000fb80: 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f deo_color_t colo\n+0000fb90: 723b 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 r;. struct g\n+0000fba0: 7275 625f 666f 6e74 5f67 6c79 7068 2067 rub_font_glyph g\n+0000fbb0: 6c79 7068 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f lyph;. grub_\n+0000fbc0: 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 2020 202f err_t rc;. /\n+0000fbd0: 2a20 5175 6572 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 * Query existing\n+0000fbe0: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 viewport. */. \n+0000fbf0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 grub_video_g\n+0000fc00: 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2826 782c et_viewport (&x,\n+0000fc10: 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c 2026 6865 &y, &width, &he\n+0000fc20: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 ight);. /* F\n+0000fc30: 696c 6c20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 ill background. \n+0000fc40: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 203d */. color =\n+0000fc50: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f grub_video_map_\n+0000fc60: 636f 6c6f 7220 2847 5255 425f 434f 4c4f color (GRUB_COLO\n+0000fc70: 525f 4241 434b 4752 4f55 4e44 293b 0a20 R_BACKGROUND);. \n+0000fc80: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 grub_video_f\n+0000fc90: 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 2028 636f 6c6f 722c ill_rect (color,\n+0000fca0: 2030 2c20 302c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 0, 0, width, he\n+0000fcb0: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2053 ight);. /* S\n+0000fcc0: 6574 7570 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2076 6965 etup console vie\n+0000fcd0: 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 wport. */. \n+0000fce0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f76 grub_video_set_v\n+0000fcf0: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2878 202b 2031 302c iewport (x + 10,\n+0000fd00: 2079 202b 2031 302c 2077 6964 7468 202d y + 10, width -\n+0000fd10: 2032 302c 2068 6569 6768 7420 2d20 3230 20, height - 20\n+0000fd20: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 );. grub_vid\n+0000fd30: 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 eo_get_viewport \n+0000fd40: 2826 782c 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c (&x, &y, &width,\n+0000fd50: 2026 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 &height);. \n+0000fd60: 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 color = grub_vid\n+0000fd70: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 eo_map_color (GR\n+0000fd80: 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 UB_COLOR_CONSOLE\n+0000fd90: 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4429 3b0a 2020 _BACKGROUND);. \n+0000fda0: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 grub_video_fi\n+0000fdb0: 6c6c 5f72 6563 7420 2863 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ll_rect (color, \n+0000fdc0: 302c 2030 2c20 7769 6474 682c 2068 6569 0, 0, width, hei\n+0000fdd0: 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4472 ght);. /* Dr\n+0000fde0: 6177 2074 6578 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 aw text to viewp\n+0000fdf0: 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 636f ort. */. co\n+0000fe00: 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f lor = grub_video\n+0000fe10: 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 5542 _map_color (GRUB\n+0000fe20: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 5f54 _COLOR_CONSOLE_T\n+0000fe30: 4558 5429 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f EXT);. grub_\n+0000fe40: 666f 6e74 5f67 6574 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 font_get_glyph (\n+0000fe50: 2758 272c 2026 676c 7970 6829 3b0a 2020 'X', &glyph);. \n+0000fe60: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c grub_video_bl\n+0000fe70: 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 2667 6c79 7068 it_glyph (&glyph\n+0000fe80: 2c20 636f 6c6f 722c 2030 2c20 3029 3b0a , color, 0, 0);.\n+0000fe90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+0000fea0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 v.info, Node: B\n+0000feb0: 6974 6d61 7020 4150 492c 2020 5072 6576 itmap API, Prev\n+0000fec0: 3a20 4578 616d 706c 6520 7573 6167 6520 : Example usage \n+0000fed0: 6f66 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 2c20 2055 of Video API, U\n+0000fee0: 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 p: Video Subsyst\n+0000fef0: 656d 0a0a 3130 2e33 2042 6974 6d61 7020 em..10.3 Bitmap \n+0000ff00: 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d API.============\n+0000ff10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 332e 3120 6772 7562 ===..10.3.1 grub\n+0000ff20: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 _video_bitmap_cr\n+0000ff30: 6561 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eate.-----------\n 0000ff40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ff50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f ------.. * Pro\n-0000ff60: 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 totype:. \n-0000ff70: 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 7275 grub_err_t gru\n-0000ff80: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f63 b_video_bitmap_c\n-0000ff90: 7265 6174 6520 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 reate (struct gr\n-0000ffa0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 ub_video_bitmap \n-0000ffb0: 2a2a 6269 746d 6170 2c20 756e 7369 676e **bitmap, unsign\n-0000ffc0: 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e ed int width, un\n-0000ffd0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 signed int heigh\n-0000ffe0: 742c 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 t, enum grub_vid\n-0000fff0: 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 eo_blit_format b\n-00010000: 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 290a 0a20 2020 lit_format).. \n-00010010: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n-00010020: 2020 2020 2043 7265 6174 6573 2061 206e Creates a n\n-00010030: 6577 2062 6974 6d61 7020 7769 7468 2067 ew bitmap with g\n-00010040: 6976 656e 2064 696d 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 iven dimensions \n-00010050: 616e 6420 626c 6974 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 and blitting for\n-00010060: 6d61 742e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c6f 6361 mat.. Alloca\n-00010070: 7465 6420 6269 746d 6170 2064 6174 6120 ted bitmap data \n-00010080: 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 6d6f 6469 can then be modi\n-00010090: 6669 6564 2066 7265 656c 7920 616e 6420 fied freely and \n-000100a0: 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6c69 finally. bli\n-000100b0: 7474 6564 2077 6974 6820 2767 7275 625f tted with 'grub_\n-000100c0: 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 video_blit_bitma\n-000100d0: 7027 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 p' to rendering \n-000100e0: 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3220 target...10.3.2 \n-000100f0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n-00010100: 705f 6465 7374 726f 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p_destroy.------\n+0000ff50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f ----.. * Proto\n+0000ff60: 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type:. \n+0000ff70: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 7275 625f grub_err_t grub_\n+0000ff80: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f63 7265 video_bitmap_cre\n+0000ff90: 6174 6520 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 ate (struct grub\n+0000ffa0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a2a _video_bitmap **\n+0000ffb0: 6269 746d 6170 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 bitmap, unsigned\n+0000ffc0: 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int width, unsi\n+0000ffd0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 742c gned int height,\n+0000ffe0: 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f enum grub_video\n+0000fff0: 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 6c69 _blit_format bli\n+00010000: 745f 666f 726d 6174 290a 0a20 2020 2a20 t_format).. * \n+00010010: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+00010020: 2020 2043 7265 6174 6573 2061 206e 6577 Creates a new\n+00010030: 2062 6974 6d61 7020 7769 7468 2067 6976 bitmap with giv\n+00010040: 656e 2064 696d 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 616e en dimensions an\n+00010050: 6420 626c 6974 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 6d61 d blitting forma\n+00010060: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c6f 6361 7465 t.. Allocate\n+00010070: 6420 6269 746d 6170 2064 6174 6120 6361 d bitmap data ca\n+00010080: 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 n then be modifi\n+00010090: 6564 2066 7265 656c 7920 616e 6420 6669 ed freely and fi\n+000100a0: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6c69 7474 nally. blitt\n+000100b0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 2767 7275 625f 7669 ed with 'grub_vi\n+000100c0: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 7027 deo_blit_bitmap'\n+000100d0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7461 to rendering ta\n+000100e0: 7267 6574 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3220 6772 rget...10.3.2 gr\n+000100f0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n+00010100: 6465 7374 726f 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d destroy.--------\n 00010110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-00010130: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:. \n-00010140: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n-00010150: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d grub_video_bitm\n-00010160: 6170 5f64 6573 7472 6f79 2028 7374 7275 ap_destroy (stru\n-00010170: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 ct grub_video_bi\n-00010180: 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a tmap *bitmap);..\n-00010190: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n-000101a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2062 6974 :.. When bit\n-000101b0: 6d61 7020 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 map is no longer\n-000101c0: 206e 6565 6465 642c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 needed, it can \n-000101d0: 6265 2066 7265 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6d65 be freed from me\n-000101e0: 6d6f 7279 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 mory using. \n-000101f0: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2027 this command. '\n-00010200: 6269 746d 6170 2720 6973 2070 7265 7669 bitmap' is previ\n-00010210: 6f75 736c 7920 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 ously allocated \n-00010220: 6269 746d 6170 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 bitmap with. \n-00010230: 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 'grub_video_bit\n-00010240: 6d61 705f 6372 6561 7465 2720 6f72 206c map_create' or l\n-00010250: 6f61 6465 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 oaded with 'grub\n-00010260: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f _video_bitmap_lo\n-00010270: 6164 272e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e33 2067 7275 ad'...10.3.3 gru\n-00010280: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f6c b_video_bitmap_l\n-00010290: 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oad.------------\n-000102a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000102b0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n-000102c0: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 e:. gru\n-000102d0: 625f 6572 725f 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 b_err_t grub_vid\n-000102e0: 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 2028 eo_bitmap_load (\n-000102f0: 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 struct grub_vide\n-00010300: 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 2a62 6974 6d61 o_bitmap **bitma\n-00010310: 702c 2063 6f6e 7374 2063 6861 7220 2a66 p, const char *f\n-00010320: 696c 656e 616d 6529 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ilename);.. * \n-00010330: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n-00010340: 2020 2054 7269 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 Tries to load\n-00010350: 2067 6976 656e 2062 6974 6d61 7020 2827 given bitmap ('\n-00010360: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2729 2075 7369 6e67 filename') using\n-00010370: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6269 746d registered bitm\n-00010380: 6170 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6572 732e ap. loaders.\n-00010390: 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6269 746d 6170 In case bitmap\n-000103a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 format is not r\n-000103b0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6f72 2073 7570 ecognized or sup\n-000103c0: 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6572 726f ported. erro\n-000103d0: 7220 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f 4241 445f r 'GRUB_ERR_BAD_\n-000103e0: 4649 4c45 5f54 5950 4527 2069 7320 7265 FILE_TYPE' is re\n-000103f0: 7475 726e 6564 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3420 turned...10.3.4 \n-00010400: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n-00010410: 705f 6765 745f 7769 6474 680a 2d2d 2d2d p_get_width.----\n+00010120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n+00010130: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 rototype:. \n+00010140: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 grub_err_t g\n+00010150: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n+00010160: 5f64 6573 7472 6f79 2028 7374 7275 6374 _destroy (struct\n+00010170: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d grub_video_bitm\n+00010180: 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 ap *bitmap);.. \n+00010190: 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a * Description:.\n+000101a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2062 6974 6d61 . When bitma\n+000101b0: 7020 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e p is no longer n\n+000101c0: 6565 6465 642c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 eeded, it can be\n+000101d0: 2066 7265 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6d65 6d6f freed from memo\n+000101e0: 7279 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ry using. th\n+000101f0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2027 6269 is command. 'bi\n+00010200: 746d 6170 2720 6973 2070 7265 7669 6f75 tmap' is previou\n+00010210: 736c 7920 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 6269 sly allocated bi\n+00010220: 746d 6170 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2027 tmap with. '\n+00010230: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n+00010240: 705f 6372 6561 7465 2720 6f72 206c 6f61 p_create' or loa\n+00010250: 6465 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 5f76 ded with 'grub_v\n+00010260: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 ideo_bitmap_load\n+00010270: 272e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e33 2067 7275 625f '...10.3.3 grub_\n+00010280: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f6c 6f61 video_bitmap_loa\n+00010290: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+000102a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000102b0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n+000102c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+000102d0: 6572 725f 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f err_t grub_video\n+000102e0: 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 2028 7374 _bitmap_load (st\n+000102f0: 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ruct grub_video_\n+00010300: 6269 746d 6170 202a 2a62 6974 6d61 702c bitmap **bitmap,\n+00010310: 2063 6f6e 7374 2063 6861 7220 2a66 696c const char *fil\n+00010320: 656e 616d 6529 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 ename);.. * De\n+00010330: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+00010340: 2054 7269 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2067 Tries to load g\n+00010350: 6976 656e 2062 6974 6d61 7020 2827 6669 iven bitmap ('fi\n+00010360: 6c65 6e61 6d65 2729 2075 7369 6e67 2072 lename') using r\n+00010370: 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6269 746d 6170 egistered bitmap\n+00010380: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 2020 . loaders. \n+00010390: 496e 2063 6173 6520 6269 746d 6170 2066 In case bitmap f\n+000103a0: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 ormat is not rec\n+000103b0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6f72 2073 7570 706f ognized or suppo\n+000103c0: 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6572 726f 7220 rted. error \n+000103d0: 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f 4241 445f 4649 'GRUB_ERR_BAD_FI\n+000103e0: 4c45 5f54 5950 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 LE_TYPE' is retu\n+000103f0: 726e 6564 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3420 6772 rned...10.3.4 gr\n+00010400: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n+00010410: 6765 745f 7769 6474 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d get_width.------\n 00010420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00010440: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n-00010450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n-00010460: 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 ed int grub_vide\n-00010470: 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f77 6964 o_bitmap_get_wid\n-00010480: 7468 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f th (struct grub_\n-00010490: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 video_bitmap *bi\n-000104a0: 746d 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 tmap);.. * Des\n-000104b0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n-000104c0: 5265 7475 726e 7320 6269 746d 6170 2077 Returns bitmap w\n-000104d0: 6964 7468 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3520 6772 idth...10.3.5 gr\n-000104e0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n-000104f0: 6765 745f 6865 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d get_height.-----\n+00010430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+00010440: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+00010450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+00010460: 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f int grub_video_\n+00010470: 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f77 6964 7468 bitmap_get_width\n+00010480: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+00010490: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d deo_bitmap *bitm\n+000104a0: 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 ap);.. * Descr\n+000104b0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 iption:.. Re\n+000104c0: 7475 726e 7320 6269 746d 6170 2077 6964 turns bitmap wid\n+000104d0: 7468 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3520 6772 7562 th...10.3.5 grub\n+000104e0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6765 _video_bitmap_ge\n+000104f0: 745f 6865 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_height.-------\n 00010500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00010520: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n-00010530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n-00010540: 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 ed int grub_vide\n-00010550: 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f68 6569 o_bitmap_get_hei\n-00010560: 6768 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 ght (struct grub\n-00010570: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 _video_bitmap *b\n-00010580: 6974 6d61 7029 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 itmap);.. * De\n-00010590: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-000105a0: 2052 6574 7572 6e20 6269 746d 6170 2068 Return bitmap h\n-000105b0: 6569 6768 742e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e36 2067 eight...10.3.6 g\n-000105c0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n-000105d0: 5f67 6574 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 0a2d _get_mode_info.-\n+00010510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+00010520: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+00010530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+00010540: 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f int grub_video_\n+00010550: 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f68 6569 6768 bitmap_get_heigh\n+00010560: 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 t (struct grub_v\n+00010570: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 6974 ideo_bitmap *bit\n+00010580: 6d61 7029 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 map);.. * Desc\n+00010590: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 ription:.. R\n+000105a0: 6574 7572 6e20 6269 746d 6170 2068 6569 eturn bitmap hei\n+000105b0: 6768 742e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e36 2067 7275 ght...10.3.6 gru\n+000105c0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f67 b_video_bitmap_g\n+000105d0: 6574 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d et_mode_info.---\n 000105e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000105f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n-00010610: 6f74 7970 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:. \n-00010620: 2076 6f69 6420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f void grub_video\n-00010630: 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6d6f 6465 _bitmap_get_mode\n-00010640: 5f69 6e66 6f20 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 _info (struct gr\n-00010650: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 ub_video_bitmap \n-00010660: 2a62 6974 6d61 702c 2073 7472 7563 7420 *bitmap, struct \n-00010670: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 655f grub_video_mode_\n-00010680: 696e 666f 202a 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f29 info *mode_info)\n-00010690: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 ;.. * Descript\n-000106a0: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 ion:.. Retur\n-000106b0: 6e73 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 726d 6174 ns bitmap format\n-000106c0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2069 6e20 666f 726d details in form\n-000106d0: 206f 6620 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f of 'grub_video_\n-000106e0: 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f27 2e0a 0a31 302e mode_info'...10.\n-000106f0: 332e 3720 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 3.7 grub_video_b\n-00010700: 6974 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 0a2d itmap_get_data.-\n+00010600: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+00010610: 7970 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 ype:. v\n+00010620: 6f69 6420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 oid grub_video_b\n+00010630: 6974 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6d6f 6465 5f69 itmap_get_mode_i\n+00010640: 6e66 6f20 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 nfo (struct grub\n+00010650: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 _video_bitmap *b\n+00010660: 6974 6d61 702c 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 itmap, struct gr\n+00010670: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e ub_video_mode_in\n+00010680: 666f 202a 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f29 3b0a fo *mode_info);.\n+00010690: 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f . * Descriptio\n+000106a0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 n:.. Returns\n+000106b0: 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 726d 6174 2064 bitmap format d\n+000106c0: 6574 6169 6c73 2069 6e20 666f 726d 206f etails in form o\n+000106d0: 6620 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f f 'grub_video_mo\n+000106e0: 6465 5f69 6e66 6f27 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e de_info'...10.3.\n+000106f0: 3720 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 7 grub_video_bit\n+00010700: 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 0a2d 2d2d map_get_data.---\n 00010710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010730: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n-00010740: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 766f 6964 :. void\n-00010750: 202a 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 *grub_video_bit\n-00010760: 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 2028 7374 map_get_data (st\n-00010770: 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ruct grub_video_\n-00010780: 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b bitmap *bitmap);\n-00010790: 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 .. * Descripti\n-000107a0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e on:.. Return\n-000107b0: 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 2074 6f20 6269 746d pointer to bitm\n-000107c0: 6170 2064 6174 612e 2020 436f 6e74 656e ap data. Conten\n-000107d0: 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 706f 696e 7465 ts of the pointe\n-000107e0: 6420 6461 7461 2063 616e 2062 650a 2020 d data can be. \n-000107f0: 2020 2066 7265 656c 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 freely modifi\n-00010800: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f ed. There is no\n-00010810: 2065 7874 7261 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f extra protectio\n-00010820: 6e20 6167 6169 6e73 7420 676f 696e 6720 n against going \n-00010830: 6f66 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2062 6f75 off. the bou\n-00010840: 6e64 7320 736f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nds so you have \n-00010850: 746f 2062 6520 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 2068 to be carefull h\n-00010860: 6f77 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 ow to access the\n-00010870: 2064 6174 612e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 data.....File: \n-00010880: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n-00010890: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 Node: PFF2 Font \n-000108a0: 4669 6c65 2046 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 File Format, Ne\n-000108b0: 7874 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 xt: Graphical Me\n-000108c0: 6e75 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 nu Software Desi\n-000108d0: 676e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f gn, Prev: Video\n-000108e0: 2053 7562 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a Subsystem, Up:\n-000108f0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2050 4646 3220 466f Top..11 PFF2 Fo\n-00010900: 6e74 2046 696c 6520 466f 726d 6174 0a2a nt File Format.*\n+00010720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00010730: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+00010740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 766f 6964 202a void *\n+00010750: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n+00010760: 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 2028 7374 7275 p_get_data (stru\n+00010770: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 ct grub_video_bi\n+00010780: 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a tmap *bitmap);..\n+00010790: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n+000107a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2070 :.. Return p\n+000107b0: 6f69 6e74 6572 2074 6f20 6269 746d 6170 ointer to bitmap\n+000107c0: 2064 6174 612e 2020 436f 6e74 656e 7473 data. Contents\n+000107d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 706f 696e 7465 6420 of the pointed \n+000107e0: 6461 7461 2063 616e 2062 650a 2020 2020 data can be. \n+000107f0: 2066 7265 656c 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 freely modified\n+00010800: 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2065 . There is no e\n+00010810: 7874 7261 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 xtra protection \n+00010820: 6167 6169 6e73 7420 676f 696e 6720 6f66 against going of\n+00010830: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2062 6f75 6e64 f. the bound\n+00010840: 7320 736f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f s so you have to\n+00010850: 2062 6520 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 2068 6f77 be carefull how\n+00010860: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2064 to access the d\n+00010870: 6174 612e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ata.....File: gr\n+00010880: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n+00010890: 6465 3a20 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 de: PFF2 Font Fi\n+000108a0: 6c65 2046 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 7874 le Format, Next\n+000108b0: 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 : Graphical Menu\n+000108c0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e Software Design\n+000108d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2053 , Prev: Video S\n+000108e0: 7562 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ubsystem, Up: T\n+000108f0: 6f70 0a0a 3131 2050 4646 3220 466f 6e74 op..11 PFF2 Font\n+00010900: 2046 696c 6520 466f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a File Format.***\n 00010910: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00010920: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a *******..* Menu:\n-00010930: 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ..* Introduction\n-00010940: 3a3a 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 6374 ::.* File Struct\n-00010950: 7572 653a 3a0a 2a20 466f 6e74 204d 6574 ure::.* Font Met\n-00010960: 7269 6373 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rics::....File: \n-00010970: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n-00010980: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Node: Introducti\n-00010990: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 on, Next: File \n-000109a0: 5374 7275 6374 7572 652c 2020 5570 3a20 Structure, Up: \n-000109b0: 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 PFF2 Font File F\n-000109c0: 6f72 6d61 740a 0a31 312e 3120 496e 7472 ormat..11.1 Intr\n-000109d0: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d oduction.=======\n-000109e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-000109f0: 676f 616c 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 6f72 goal of this for\n-00010a00: 6d61 7420 6973 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 mat is to provid\n-00010a10: 6520 6120 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7420 e a bitmap font \n-00010a20: 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 7420 6973 0a73 format that is.s\n-00010a30: 696d 706c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2c20 636f imple to use, co\n-00010a40: 6d70 6163 742c 2061 6e64 2063 6c65 616e mpact, and clean\n-00010a50: 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 556e 6963 ly supports Unic\n-00010a60: 6f64 652e 0a0a 3131 2e31 2e31 2047 6f61 ode...11.1.1 Goa\n-00010a70: 6c73 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2046 ls of the GRUB F\n-00010a80: 6f6e 7420 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ont Format.-----\n+00010920: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00010930: 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a * Introduction::\n+00010940: 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 6374 7572 .* File Structur\n+00010950: 653a 3a0a 2a20 466f 6e74 204d 6574 7269 e::.* Font Metri\n+00010960: 6373 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 cs::....File: gr\n+00010970: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n+00010980: 6465 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e de: Introduction\n+00010990: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 5374 , Next: File St\n+000109a0: 7275 6374 7572 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5046 ructure, Up: PF\n+000109b0: 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 6f72 F2 Font File For\n+000109c0: 6d61 740a 0a31 312e 3120 496e 7472 6f64 mat..11.1 Introd\n+000109d0: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d uction.=========\n+000109e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 676f ========..The go\n+000109f0: 616c 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 al of this forma\n+00010a00: 7420 6973 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 t is to provide \n+00010a10: 6120 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7420 666f a bitmap font fo\n+00010a20: 726d 6174 2074 6861 7420 6973 0a73 696d rmat that is.sim\n+00010a30: 706c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2c20 636f 6d70 ple to use, comp\n+00010a40: 6163 742c 2061 6e64 2063 6c65 616e 6c79 act, and cleanly\n+00010a50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 556e 6963 6f64 supports Unicod\n+00010a60: 652e 0a0a 3131 2e31 2e31 2047 6f61 6c73 e...11.1.1 Goals\n+00010a70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2046 6f6e of the GRUB Fon\n+00010a80: 7420 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t Format.-------\n 00010a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00010ab0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 . * Simple to \n-00010ac0: 7265 6164 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2e20 2053 read and use. 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The standar\n-00011090: 6420 6669 6c65 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e d file extension\n-000110a0: 2066 6f72 2050 4646 3220 666f 6e74 2066 for PFF2 font f\n-000110b0: 696c 6573 2069 7320 272e 7066 3227 2e0a iles is '.pf2'..\n-000110c0: 0a31 312e 322e 3120 5365 6374 696f 6e20 .11.2.1 Section \n-000110d0: 5479 7065 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Types.----------\n-000110e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2746 494c ----------..'FIL\n-000110f0: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 2a46 696c 6520 7479 E'. *File ty\n-00011100: 7065 2049 442a 2028 4153 4349 4920 7374 pe ID* (ASCII st\n-00011110: 7269 6e67 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 7573 ring). This mus\n-00011120: 7420 6265 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 t be the first s\n-00011130: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ection in. t\n-00011140: 6865 2066 696c 652e 2020 4974 2068 6173 he file. It has\n-00011150: 206c 656e 6774 6820 3420 616e 6420 7468 length 4 and th\n-00011160: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7265 2074 e contents are t\n-00011170: 6865 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 6f66 he four bytes of\n-00011180: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 4153 4349 4920 . the ASCII \n-00011190: 7374 7269 6e67 2027 5046 4632 272e 0a0a string 'PFF2'...\n-000111a0: 274e 414d 4527 0a20 2020 2020 2a46 6f6e 'NAME'. *Fon\n-000111b0: 7420 6e61 6d65 2a20 2841 5343 4949 2073 t name* (ASCII s\n-000111c0: 7472 696e 6729 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tring). This is\n-000111d0: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 666f 6e74 206e the full font n\n-000111e0: 616d 6520 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 ame including. \n-000111f0: 2020 2066 616d 696c 792c 2077 6569 6768 family, weigh\n-00011200: 742c 2073 7479 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 706f t, style, and po\n-00011210: 696e 7420 7369 7a65 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 int size. 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'normal'.\n-000113f0: 2020 5468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 This should be\n-00011400: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 736f 2074 6861 included so tha\n-00011410: 7420 696e 7465 6c6c 6967 656e 7420 666f t intelligent fo\n-00011420: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6273 7469 7475 nt. substitu\n-00011430: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2074 616b 6520 706c tion can take pl\n-00011440: 6163 652e 0a0a 2750 5453 5a27 0a20 2020 ace...'PTSZ'. \n-00011450: 2020 2a46 6f6e 7420 706f 696e 7420 7369 *Font point si\n-00011460: 7a65 2a20 2875 696e 7431 3662 6529 2e0a ze* (uint16be)..\n-00011470: 0a27 4d41 5857 270a 2020 2020 202a 4d61 .'MAXW'. *Ma\n-00011480: 7869 6d75 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 ximum character \n-00011490: 7769 6474 6820 696e 2070 6978 656c 732a width in pixels*\n-000114a0: 2028 7569 6e74 3136 6265 292e 0a0a 274d (uint16be)...'M\n-000114b0: 4158 4827 0a20 2020 2020 2a4d 6178 696d AXH'. *Maxim\n-000114c0: 756d 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2068 6569 um character hei\n-000114d0: 6768 7420 696e 2070 6978 656c 732a 2028 ght in pixels* (\n-000114e0: 7569 6e74 3136 6265 292e 0a0a 2741 5343 uint16be)...'ASC\n-000114f0: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 2a41 7363 656e 7420 E'. *Ascent \n-00011500: 696e 2070 6978 656c 732a 2028 7569 6e74 in pixels* (uint\n-00011510: 3136 6265 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f 16be). *Note Fo\n-00011520: 6e74 204d 6574 7269 6373 3a3a 2c20 666f nt Metrics::, fo\n-00011530: 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2744 4553 r details...'DES\n-00011540: 4327 0a20 2020 2020 2a44 6573 6365 6e74 C'. *Descent\n-00011550: 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2a20 2875 696e in pixels* (uin\n-00011560: 7431 3662 6529 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 t16be). *Note F\n-00011570: 6f6e 7420 4d65 7472 6963 733a 3a2c 2066 ont Metrics::, f\n-00011580: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a27 4348 or details...'CH\n-00011590: 4958 270a 2020 2020 202a 4368 6172 6163 IX'. *Charac\n-000115a0: 7465 7220 696e 6465 782e 2a20 2054 6865 ter index.* The\n-000115b0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e64 6578 character index\n-000115c0: 2062 6567 696e 7320 7769 7468 2061 2033 begins with a 3\n-000115d0: 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6967 2d65 2-bit. big-e\n-000115e0: 6e64 6961 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 ndian unsigned i\n-000115f0: 6e74 6567 6572 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e nteger indicatin\n-00011600: 6720 7468 6520 746f 7461 6c20 7369 7a65 g the total size\n-00011610: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 6563 of the. sec\n-00011620: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7420 696e 636c 7564 tion, not includ\n-00011630: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2073 697a 6520 7661 ing this size va\n-00011640: 6c75 652e 2020 466f 7220 6561 6368 2063 lue. 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'grub\n-00012c70: 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 5f72 6567 _menu_viewer_reg\n-00012c80: 6973 7465 7228 2927 2074 6f20 7265 6769 ister()' to regi\n-00012c90: 7374 6572 2069 7473 656c 662e 290a 2020 ster itself.). \n-00012ca0: 202a 2047 5255 425f 4d4f 445f 494e 4954 * GRUB_MOD_INIT\n-00012cb0: 2028 6766 786d 656e 7529 205b 6766 786d (gfxmenu) [gfxm\n-00012cc0: 656e 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 enu/gfxmenu.c]. \n-00012cd0: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 * grub_menu_vi\n-00012ce0: 6577 6572 5f72 6567 6973 7465 7220 5b6b ewer_register [k\n-00012cf0: 6572 6e2f 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 7765 722e ern/menu_viewer.\n-00012d00: 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e c]. * grub_men\n-00012d10: 755f 7669 6577 6572 5f73 686f 775f 6d65 u_viewer_show_me\n-00012d20: 6e75 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f 7669 nu [kern/menu_vi\n-00012d30: 6577 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 6574 ewer.c]. * get\n-00012d40: 5f63 7572 7265 6e74 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 _current_menu_vi\n-00012d50: 6577 6572 2829 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e ewer() [kern/men\n-00012d60: 755f 7669 6577 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a u_viewer.c]. *\n-00012d70: 2073 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 2829 205b 6766 show_menu() [gf\n-00012d80: 786d 656e 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d xmenu/gfxmenu.c]\n-00012d90: 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 . * grub_gfxme\n-00012da0: 6e75 5f6d 6f64 656c 5f6e 6577 205b 6766 nu_model_new [gf\n-00012db0: 786d 656e 752f 6d6f 6465 6c2e 635d 0a20 xmenu/model.c]. \n-00012dc0: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 * grub_gfxmenu\n-00012dd0: 5f76 6965 775f 6e65 7720 5b67 6678 6d65 _view_new [gfxme\n-00012de0: 6e75 2f76 6965 772e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 nu/view.c]. * \n-00012df0: 7365 745f 6772 6170 6869 6373 5f6d 6f64 set_graphics_mod\n-00012e00: 6520 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f76 6965 772e e [gfxmenu/view.\n-00012e10: 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 c]. * grub_gfx\n-00012e20: 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 775f 6c6f 6164 5f74 menu_view_load_t\n-00012e30: 6865 6d65 205b 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 heme [gfxmenu/th\n-00012e40: 656d 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 5d0a 0a1f eme_loader.c]...\n-00012e50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n-00012e60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5549 info, Node: GUI\n-00012e70: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 Components, Ne\n-00012e80: 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 4c69 6e65 xt: Command Line\n-00012e90: 2057 696e 646f 772c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Window, Prev: \n-00012ea0: 5374 6172 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 6365 Startup Sequence\n-00012eb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 7261 7068 6963 616c , Up: Graphical\n-00012ec0: 204d 656e 7520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2044 Menu Software D\n-00012ed0: 6573 6967 6e0a 0a31 322e 3320 4755 4920 esign..12.3 GUI \n-00012ee0: 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Components.=====\n-00012ef0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00012f00: 5468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 The graphical me\n-00012f10: 6e75 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 6120 nu implements a \n-00012f20: 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7379 GUI component sy\n-00012f30: 7374 656d 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 stem that suppor\n-00012f40: 7473 2061 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2d62 ts a.container-b\n-00012f50: 6173 6564 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7379 7374 ased layout syst\n-00012f60: 656d 2e20 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 em. Components \n-00012f70: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 can be added to \n-00012f80: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c0a 616e 6420 containers,.and \n-00012f90: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2028 7768 6963 containers (whic\n-00012fa0: 6820 6172 6520 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 h are a type of \n-00012fb0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7429 2063 616e 2074 component) can t\n-00012fc0: 6865 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a hen be added to.\n-00012fd0: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 other containers\n-00012fe0: 2c20 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 7472 6565 , to form a tree\n-00012ff0: 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 of components. \n-00013000: 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 Currently, the \n-00013010: 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f root.component o\n-00013020: 6620 7468 6973 2074 7265 6520 6973 2061 f this tree is a\n-00013030: 2027 6361 6e76 6173 2720 636f 6d70 6f6e 'canvas' compon\n-00013040: 656e 742c 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 ent, which allow\n-00013050: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 0a6c 6179 6f75 7420 s manual.layout \n-00013060: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d of its child com\n-00013070: 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d ponents... Com\n-00013080: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 286e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e ponents (non-con\n-00013090: 7461 696e 6572 293a 0a0a 2020 202a 206c tainer):.. * l\n-000130a0: 6162 656c 0a20 2020 2a20 696d 6167 650a abel. * image.\n-000130b0: 2020 202a 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 * progress_ba\n-000130c0: 720a 2020 202a 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f r. * circular_\n-000130d0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a20 2020 2a20 6c69 progress. * li\n-000130e0: 7374 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6861 st (currently ha\n-000130f0: 7264 2063 6f64 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2061 rd coded to be a\n-00013100: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 206c 6973 7429 boot menu list)\n-00013110: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 733a .. Containers:\n-00013120: 0a0a 2020 202a 2063 616e 7661 730a 2020 .. * canvas. \n-00013130: 202a 2068 626f 780a 2020 202a 2076 626f * hbox. * vbo\n-00013140: 780a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4755 4920 636f x.. The GUI co\n-00013150: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 696e 7374 616e 6365 mponent instance\n-00013160: 7320 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6279 s are created by\n-00013170: 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 206c 6f61 6465 the theme loade\n-00013180: 7220 696e 0a27 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 r in.'gfxmenu/th\n-00013190: 656d 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 2720 7768 eme_loader.c' wh\n-000131a0: 656e 2061 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 6c6f en a theme is lo\n-000131b0: 6164 6564 2e20 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c aded. Theme fil\n-000131c0: 6573 2073 7065 6369 6679 0a73 7461 7465 es specify.state\n-000131d0: 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 272b ments such as '+\n-000131e0: 7662 6f78 7b20 2b6c 6162 656c 207b 2074 vbox{ +label { t\n-000131f0: 6578 743d 2248 656c 6c6f 2220 7d20 2b6c ext=\"Hello\" } +l\n-00013200: 6162 656c 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 576f 726c abel{ text=\"Worl\n-00013210: 6422 0a7d 207d 2720 746f 2061 6464 2063 d\".} }' to add c\n-00013220: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2074 6865 omponents to the\n-00013230: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 6520 component tree \n-00013240: 726f 6f74 2e20 2042 7920 6e65 7374 696e root. By nestin\n-00013250: 6720 7468 650a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 g the.component \n-00013260: 6372 6561 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7465 6d65 creation stateme\n-00013270: 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 nts in the theme\n-00013280: 2066 696c 652c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 file, the insta\n-00013290: 6e74 6961 7465 640a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ntiated.componen\n-000132a0: 7473 2061 7265 206e 6573 7465 6420 7468 ts are nested th\n-000132b0: 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a20 2020 e same way... \n-000132c0: 5768 656e 2061 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 When a component\n-000132d0: 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2061 2063 is added to a c\n-000132e0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2c20 7468 6174 206e ontainer, that n\n-000132f0: 6577 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 636f 6e73 ew child is.cons\n-00013300: 6964 6572 6564 202a 6f77 6e65 642a 2062 idered *owned* b\n-00013310: 7920 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e y the container.\n-00013320: 2020 4772 6561 7420 6361 7265 2073 686f Great care sho\n-00013330: 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6620 uld be taken if \n-00013340: 7468 650a 6361 6c6c 6572 2072 6574 6169 the.caller retai\n-00013350: 6e73 2061 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2074 ns a reference t\n-00013360: 6f20 7468 6520 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 o the child comp\n-00013370: 6f6e 656e 742c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 onent, since it \n-00013380: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6465 7374 726f 7965 will be.destroye\n-00013390: 6420 6966 2069 7473 2070 6172 656e 7420 d if its parent \n-000133a0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6973 2064 6573 container is des\n-000133b0: 7472 6f79 6564 2e20 2041 2062 6574 7465 troyed. A bette\n-000133c0: 7220 6368 6f69 6365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 r choice instead\n-000133d0: 0a6f 6620 7374 6f72 696e 6720 6120 706f .of storing a po\n-000133e0: 696e 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 2063 6869 inter to the chi\n-000133f0: 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 ld component is \n-00013400: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f to use the compo\n-00013410: 6e65 6e74 2049 440a 746f 2066 696e 6420 nent ID.to find \n-00013420: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d70 the desired comp\n-00013430: 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e onent. Componen\n-00013440: 7420 4944 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 t IDs do not hav\n-00013450: 6520 746f 2062 6520 756e 6971 7565 0a28 e to be unique.(\n-00013460: 6974 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7573 6566 it is often usef\n-00013470: 756c 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 ul to have multi\n-00013480: 706c 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 ple components w\n-00013490: 6974 6820 616e 2049 4420 6f66 0a22 5f5f ith an ID of.\"__\n-000134a0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 666f 7220 timeout__\", for \n-000134b0: 696e 7374 616e 6365 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 instance)... I\n-000134c0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 6363 6573 n order to acces\n-000134d0: 7320 616e 6420 7573 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e s and use compon\n-000134e0: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 ents in the comp\n-000134f0: 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 2c20 7468 6572 onent tree, ther\n-00013500: 650a 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6675 6e63 7469 e.are two functi\n-00013510: 6f6e 7320 2864 6566 696e 6564 2069 6e20 ons (defined in \n-00013520: 2767 6678 6d65 6e75 2f67 7569 5f75 7469 'gfxmenu/gui_uti\n-00013530: 6c2e 6327 2920 7468 6174 2061 7265 0a70 l.c') that are.p\n-00013540: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 7573 6566 articularly usef\n-00013550: 756c 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2767 7275 625f ul:.. * 'grub_\n-00013560: 6775 695f 6669 6e64 5f62 795f 6964 2028 gui_find_by_id (\n-00013570: 726f 6f74 2c20 6964 2c20 6361 6c6c 6261 root, id, callba\n-00013580: 636b 2c20 7573 6572 6461 7461 2927 3a0a ck, userdata)':.\n-00013590: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 . This funct\n-000135a0: 696f 6e20 6563 7572 7369 7665 6c79 2074 ion ecursively t\n-000135b0: 7261 7665 7273 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6d raverses the com\n-000135c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 6520 726f 6f74 ponent tree root\n-000135d0: 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2052 4f4f 542c ed at. ROOT,\n-000135e0: 2061 6e64 2066 6f72 2065 7665 7279 2063 and for every c\n-000135f0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6861 omponent that ha\n-00013600: 7320 616e 2049 4420 6571 7561 6c20 746f s an ID equal to\n-00013610: 2049 442c 2063 616c 6c73 2074 6865 0a20 ID, calls the. \n-00013620: 2020 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2070 6f69 function poi\n-00013630: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 6279 2043 414c 4c42 nted to by CALLB\n-00013640: 4143 4b20 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6174 ACK with the mat\n-00013650: 6368 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 ching component \n-00013660: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f69 and the. voi\n-00013670: 6420 706f 696e 7465 7220 5553 4552 4441 d pointer USERDA\n-00013680: 5441 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e TA as arguments.\n-00013690: 2020 5468 6520 6361 6c6c 6261 636b 2066 The callback f\n-000136a0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 646f 0a20 unction can do. \n-000136b0: 2020 2020 7768 6174 6576 6572 2069 7320 whatever is \n-000136c0: 6465 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 desired to use t\n-000136d0: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2070 6173 he component pas\n-000136e0: 7365 6420 696e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2767 sed in... * 'g\n-000136f0: 7275 625f 6775 695f 6974 6572 6174 655f rub_gui_iterate_\n-00013700: 7265 6375 7273 6976 656c 7920 2872 6f6f recursively (roo\n-00013710: 742c 2063 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2075 7365 t, callback, use\n-00013720: 7264 6174 6129 273a 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 rdata)':.. T\n-00013730: 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2063 616c his function cal\n-00013740: 6c73 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 ls the function \n-00013750: 706f 696e 7465 6420 746f 2062 7920 4341 pointed to by CA\n-00013760: 4c4c 4241 434b 2066 6f72 2065 7665 7279 LLBACK for every\n-00013770: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 . component \n-00013780: 7468 6174 2069 7320 6120 6465 7363 656e that is a descen\n-00013790: 6461 6e74 206f 6620 524f 4f54 2069 6e20 dant of ROOT in \n-000137a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 the component tr\n-000137b0: 6565 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ee. When. t\n-000137c0: 6865 2063 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6675 6e63 he callback func\n-000137d0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2c20 tion is called, \n-000137e0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 616e the component an\n-000137f0: 6420 7468 6520 766f 6964 2070 6f69 6e74 d the void point\n-00013800: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 5553 4552 4441 5441 er. USERDATA\n-00013810: 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 as arguments. \n-00013820: 5468 6520 6361 6c6c 6261 636b 2066 756e The callback fun\n-00013830: 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 646f 2077 6861 ction can do wha\n-00013840: 7465 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6465 tever is. de\n-00013850: 7369 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 sired to use the\n-00013860: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2070 6173 7365 component passe\n-00013870: 6420 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 d in.....File: g\n-00013880: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n-00013890: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ode: Command Lin\n-000138a0: 6520 5769 6e64 6f77 2c20 2050 7265 763a e Window, Prev:\n-000138b0: 2047 5549 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c GUI Components,\n-000138c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 Up: Graphical \n-000138d0: 4d65 6e75 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 Menu Software De\n-000138e0: 7369 676e 0a0a 3132 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 sign..12.4 Comma\n-000138f0: 6e64 204c 696e 6520 5769 6e64 6f77 0a3d nd Line Window.=\n+000127b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+000127c0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 Menu:..* Introd\n+000127d0: 7563 7469 6f6e 5f32 3a3a 0a2a 2053 7461 uction_2::.* Sta\n+000127e0: 7274 7570 2053 6571 7565 6e63 653a 3a0a rtup Sequence::.\n+000127f0: 2a20 4755 4920 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 * GUI Components\n+00012800: 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ::.* Command Lin\n+00012810: 6520 5769 6e64 6f77 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e Window::....Fi\n+00012820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00012830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 o, Node: Introd\n+00012840: 7563 7469 6f6e 5f32 2c20 204e 6578 743a uction_2, Next:\n+00012850: 2053 7461 7274 7570 2053 6571 7565 6e63 Startup Sequenc\n+00012860: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 e, Up: Graphica\n+00012870: 6c20 4d65 6e75 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 l Menu Software \n+00012880: 4465 7369 676e 0a0a 3132 2e31 2049 6e74 Design..12.1 Int\n+00012890: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d roduction.======\n+000128a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+000128b0: 2027 6766 786d 656e 7527 206d 6f64 756c 'gfxmenu' modul\n+000128c0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2067 7261 e provides a gra\n+000128d0: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 phical menu inte\n+000128e0: 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 4752 5542 2032 rface for GRUB 2\n+000128f0: 2e20 2049 740a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 . It.functions \n+00012900: 6173 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 as an alternativ\n+00012910: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e e to the menu in\n+00012920: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 terface provided\n+00012930: 2062 7920 7468 650a 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 by the.'normal'\n+00012940: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2075 module, which u\n+00012950: 7365 7320 7468 6520 6772 7562 2074 6572 ses the grub ter\n+00012960: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 minal interface \n+00012970: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 0a6d 656e to display a.men\n+00012980: 7520 6f6e 2061 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 u on a character\n+00012990: 2d6f 7269 656e 7465 6420 7465 726d 696e -oriented termin\n+000129a0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 6170 al... The grap\n+000129b0: 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2075 7365 7320 hical menu uses \n+000129c0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2041 the GRUB video A\n+000129d0: 5049 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 7572 PI, which is cur\n+000129e0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2056 rently for.the V\n+000129f0: 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2065 7874 656e 7369 ESA BIOS extensi\n+00012a00: 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 2920 322e 302b 2e20 ons (VBE) 2.0+. \n+00012a10: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 This is support\n+00012a20: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 ed on the i386-p\n+00012a30: 630a 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e20 2048 6f77 c.platform. How\n+00012a40: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 ever, the graphi\n+00012a50: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 cal menu itself \n+00012a60: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2064 6570 656e 6420 does not depend \n+00012a70: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 0a56 4245 2c20 736f on using.VBE, so\n+00012a80: 2069 6620 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 if another GRUB\n+00012a90: 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 7765 video driver we\n+00012aa0: 7265 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2c20 re implemented, \n+00012ab0: 7468 6520 2767 6678 6d65 6e75 270a 6772 the 'gfxmenu'.gr\n+00012ac0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2077 6f75 aphical menu wou\n+00012ad0: 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 206e ld work on the n\n+00012ae0: 6577 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 ew video driver \n+00012af0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 as well.....File\n+00012b00: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n+00012b10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5374 6172 7475 7020 Node: Startup \n+00012b20: 5365 7175 656e 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a Sequence, Next:\n+00012b30: 2047 5549 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c GUI Components,\n+00012b40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Prev: Introduc\n+00012b50: 7469 6f6e 5f32 2c20 2055 703a 2047 7261 tion_2, Up: Gra\n+00012b60: 7068 6963 616c 204d 656e 7520 536f 6674 phical Menu Soft\n+00012b70: 7761 7265 2044 6573 6967 6e0a 0a31 322e ware Design..12.\n+00012b80: 3220 5374 6172 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 2 Startup Sequen\n+00012b90: 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ce.=============\n+00012ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a 2067 ========.. * g\n+00012bb0: 7275 625f 656e 7465 725f 6e6f 726d 616c rub_enter_normal\n+00012bc0: 5f6d 6f64 6520 5b6e 6f72 6d61 6c2f 6d61 _mode [normal/ma\n+00012bd0: 696e 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 7275 625f in.c]. * grub_\n+00012be0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7865 6375 7465 205b normal_execute [\n+00012bf0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2f6d 6169 6e2e 635d 0a20 normal/main.c]. \n+00012c00: 2020 2a20 7265 6164 5f63 6f6e 6669 675f * read_config_\n+00012c10: 6669 6c65 205b 6e6f 726d 616c 2f6d 6169 file [normal/mai\n+00012c20: 6e2e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 2857 6865 6e20 n.c]. * (When \n+00012c30: 2767 6678 6d65 6e75 2e6d 6f64 2720 6973 'gfxmenu.mod' is\n+00012c40: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7769 7468 2027 696e loaded with 'in\n+00012c50: 736d 6f64 272c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 smod', it will c\n+00012c60: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f6d all. 'grub_m\n+00012c70: 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 5f72 6567 6973 enu_viewer_regis\n+00012c80: 7465 7228 2927 2074 6f20 7265 6769 7374 ter()' to regist\n+00012c90: 6572 2069 7473 656c 662e 290a 2020 202a er itself.). *\n+00012ca0: 2047 5255 425f 4d4f 445f 494e 4954 2028 GRUB_MOD_INIT (\n+00012cb0: 6766 786d 656e 7529 205b 6766 786d 656e gfxmenu) [gfxmen\n+00012cc0: 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 2020 u/gfxmenu.c]. \n+00012cd0: 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 * grub_menu_view\n+00012ce0: 6572 5f72 6567 6973 7465 7220 5b6b 6572 er_register [ker\n+00012cf0: 6e2f 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 7765 722e 635d n/menu_viewer.c]\n+00012d00: 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f . * grub_menu_\n+00012d10: 7669 6577 6572 5f73 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 viewer_show_menu\n+00012d20: 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 [kern/menu_view\n+00012d30: 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 6574 5f63 er.c]. * get_c\n+00012d40: 7572 7265 6e74 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 urrent_menu_view\n+00012d50: 6572 2829 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f er() [kern/menu_\n+00012d60: 7669 6577 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2073 viewer.c]. * s\n+00012d70: 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 2829 205b 6766 786d how_menu() [gfxm\n+00012d80: 656e 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 enu/gfxmenu.c]. \n+00012d90: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 * grub_gfxmenu\n+00012da0: 5f6d 6f64 656c 5f6e 6577 205b 6766 786d _model_new [gfxm\n+00012db0: 656e 752f 6d6f 6465 6c2e 635d 0a20 2020 enu/model.c]. \n+00012dc0: 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 5f76 * grub_gfxmenu_v\n+00012dd0: 6965 775f 6e65 7720 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 iew_new [gfxmenu\n+00012de0: 2f76 6965 772e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 7365 /view.c]. * se\n+00012df0: 745f 6772 6170 6869 6373 5f6d 6f64 6520 t_graphics_mode \n+00012e00: 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f76 6965 772e 635d [gfxmenu/view.c]\n+00012e10: 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 . * grub_gfxme\n+00012e20: 6e75 5f76 6965 775f 6c6f 6164 5f74 6865 nu_view_load_the\n+00012e30: 6d65 205b 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d me [gfxmenu/them\n+00012e40: 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 e_loader.c]....F\n+00012e50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e ile: grub-dev.in\n+00012e60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5549 2043 fo, Node: GUI C\n+00012e70: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 omponents, Next\n+00012e80: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 4c69 6e65 2057 : Command Line W\n+00012e90: 696e 646f 772c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 indow, Prev: St\n+00012ea0: 6172 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 6365 2c20 artup Sequence, \n+00012eb0: 2055 703a 2047 7261 7068 6963 616c 204d Up: Graphical M\n+00012ec0: 656e 7520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2044 6573 enu Software Des\n+00012ed0: 6967 6e0a 0a31 322e 3320 4755 4920 436f ign..12.3 GUI Co\n+00012ee0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mponents.=======\n+00012ef0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00012f00: 6520 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 e graphical menu\n+00012f10: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 6120 4755 implements a GU\n+00012f20: 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7379 7374 I component syst\n+00012f30: 656d 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 em that supports\n+00012f40: 2061 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2d62 6173 a.container-bas\n+00012f50: 6564 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7379 7374 656d ed layout system\n+00012f60: 2e20 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 . Components ca\n+00012f70: 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 636f n be added to co\n+00012f80: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c0a 616e 6420 636f ntainers,.and co\n+00012f90: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2028 7768 6963 6820 ntainers (which \n+00012fa0: 6172 6520 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 636f are a type of co\n+00012fb0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7429 2063 616e 2074 6865 mponent) can the\n+00012fc0: 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 6f74 n be added to.ot\n+00012fd0: 6865 7220 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 her containers, \n+00012fe0: 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 7472 6565 206f to form a tree o\n+00012ff0: 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2043 f components. C\n+00013000: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 726f urrently, the ro\n+00013010: 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6620 ot.component of \n+00013020: 7468 6973 2074 7265 6520 6973 2061 2027 this tree is a '\n+00013030: 6361 6e76 6173 2720 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e canvas' componen\n+00013040: 742c 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 t, which allows \n+00013050: 6d61 6e75 616c 0a6c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 manual.layout of\n+00013060: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f its child compo\n+00013070: 6e65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f nents... Compo\n+00013080: 6e65 6e74 7320 286e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 7461 nents (non-conta\n+00013090: 696e 6572 293a 0a0a 2020 202a 206c 6162 iner):.. * lab\n+000130a0: 656c 0a20 2020 2a20 696d 6167 650a 2020 el. * image. \n+000130b0: 202a 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 720a * progress_bar.\n+000130c0: 2020 202a 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 * circular_pr\n+000130d0: 6f67 7265 7373 0a20 2020 2a20 6c69 7374 ogress. * list\n+000130e0: 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6861 7264 (currently hard\n+000130f0: 2063 6f64 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2061 2062 coded to be a b\n+00013100: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 206c 6973 7429 0a0a oot menu list)..\n+00013110: 2020 2043 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 733a 0a0a Containers:..\n+00013120: 2020 202a 2063 616e 7661 730a 2020 202a * canvas. *\n+00013130: 2068 626f 780a 2020 202a 2076 626f 780a hbox. * vbox.\n+00013140: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 . The GUI comp\n+00013150: 6f6e 656e 7420 696e 7374 616e 6365 7320 onent instances \n+00013160: 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6279 2074 are created by t\n+00013170: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 206c 6f61 6465 7220 he theme loader \n+00013180: 696e 0a27 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d in.'gfxmenu/them\n+00013190: 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 2720 7768 656e e_loader.c' when\n+000131a0: 2061 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 a theme is load\n+000131b0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 ed. Theme files\n+000131c0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 0a73 7461 7465 6d65 specify.stateme\n+000131d0: 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 272b 7662 nts such as '+vb\n+000131e0: 6f78 7b20 2b6c 6162 656c 207b 2074 6578 ox{ +label { tex\n+000131f0: 743d 2248 656c 6c6f 2220 7d20 2b6c 6162 t=\"Hello\" } +lab\n+00013200: 656c 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 576f 726c 6422 el{ text=\"World\"\n+00013210: 0a7d 207d 2720 746f 2061 6464 2063 6f6d .} }' to add com\n+00013220: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 ponents to the c\n+00013230: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 6520 726f omponent tree ro\n+00013240: 6f74 2e20 2042 7920 6e65 7374 696e 6720 ot. By nesting \n+00013250: 7468 650a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6372 the.component cr\n+00013260: 6561 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 eation statement\n+00013270: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 s in the theme f\n+00013280: 696c 652c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6e74 ile, the instant\n+00013290: 6961 7465 640a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 iated.components\n+000132a0: 2061 7265 206e 6573 7465 6420 7468 6520 are nested the \n+000132b0: 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 same way... 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'\n-00014300: 4752 5542 5f56 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 GRUB_VERIFY_FLAG\n-00014310: 535f 534b 4950 5f56 4552 4946 4943 4154 S_SKIP_VERIFICAT\n-00014320: 494f 4e27 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 ION' In this cas\n-00014330: 6520 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 e verification i\n-00014340: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 6520 6173 2064 s. done as d\n-00014350: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 escribed in the \n-00014360: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f following sectio\n-00014370: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 n... * returni\n-00014380: 6e67 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722e 2020 5468 ng an error. Th\n-00014390: 656e 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 en opening of th\n-000143a0: 6520 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6661 696c e file will fail\n-000143b0: 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 6169 due to. fai\n-000143c0: 6c65 6420 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e led verification\n-000143d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2074 6865 2074 6869 ... In the thi\n-000143e0: 7264 2063 6173 6520 796f 7572 2027 7772 rd case your 'wr\n-000143f0: 6974 6527 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 616c ite' will be cal\n-00014400: 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 6875 6e6b 7320 led with chunks \n-00014410: 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4966 of the.file. If\n-00014420: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 7468 6520 7768 you need the wh\n-00014430: 6f6c 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 7369 ole file in a si\n-00014440: 6e67 6c65 2063 6875 6e6b 2074 6865 6e20 ngle chunk then \n-00014450: 6475 7269 6e67 2027 696e 6974 270a 7365 during 'init'.se\n-00014460: 7420 7468 6520 6269 7420 2747 5255 425f t the bit 'GRUB_\n-00014470: 5645 5249 4659 5f46 4c41 4753 5f53 494e VERIFY_FLAGS_SIN\n-00014480: 474c 455f 4348 554e 4b27 2069 6e20 272a GLE_CHUNK' in '*\n-00014490: 666c 6167 7327 2e20 2044 7572 696e 6720 flags'. During \n-000144a0: 2769 6e69 7427 0a79 6f75 206d 6179 2073 'init'.you may s\n-000144b0: 6574 2027 2a63 6f6e 7465 7874 2720 6966 et '*context' if\n-000144c0: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6164 6469 7469 you need additi\n-000144d0: 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2041 onal context. A\n-000144e0: 7420 6576 6572 790a 6974 6572 6174 696f t every.iteratio\n-000144f0: 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e n you may return\n-00014500: 2061 6e20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 7468 an error and th\n-00014510: 6520 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 e file will be c\n-00014520: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 0a68 6176 onsidered as.hav\n-00014530: 696e 6720 6661 696c 6564 2074 6865 2076 ing failed the v\n-00014540: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 erification. If\n-00014550: 2079 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 you return no e\n-00014560: 7272 6f72 2074 6865 6e0a 7665 7269 6669 rror then.verifi\n-00014570: 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6573 cation continues\n-00014580: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 ... Optionally\n-00014590: 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 at the end of t\n-000145a0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 2766 696e 6927 2c20 he file 'fini', \n-000145b0: 6966 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 2c20 6973 if it exists, is\n-000145c0: 2063 616c 6c65 640a 7769 7468 206a 7573 called.with jus\n-000145d0: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 t the context. \n-000145e0: 4966 2079 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f If you return no\n-000145f0: 2065 7272 6f72 2064 7572 696e 6720 616e error during an\n-00014600: 7920 6f66 2027 696e 6974 272c 0a27 7772 y of 'init',.'wr\n-00014610: 6974 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6669 6e69 2720 ite' and 'fini' \n-00014620: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 then the file is\n-00014630: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2068 considered as h\n-00014640: 6176 696e 6720 7375 6363 6564 6564 0a76 aving succeded.v\n-00014650: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a erification.....\n-00014660: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n-00014670: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b nfo, Node: Lock\n-00014680: 646f 776e 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 down framework, \n-00014690: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 Next: Copying T\n-000146a0: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 his Manual, Pre\n-000146b0: 763a 2056 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 v: Verifiers fra\n-000146c0: 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 mework, Up: Top\n-000146d0: 0a0a 3134 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6672 ..14 Lockdown fr\n-000146e0: 616d 6577 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a amework.********\n-000146f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n-00014700: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c he GRUB can be l\n-00014710: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2c20 7768 6963 ocked down, whic\n-00014720: 6820 6973 2061 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 h is a restricte\n-00014730: 6420 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d d mode where som\n-00014740: 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 e.operations are\n-00014750: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2046 not allowed. F\n-00014760: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2073 6f6d or instance, som\n-00014770: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 6e6f e commands canno\n-00014780: 7420 6265 2075 7365 640a 7768 656e 2074 t be used.when t\n-00014790: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 he GRUB is locke\n-000147a0: 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 d down... The \n-000147b0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f6c function 'grub_l\n-000147c0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 2069 7320 7573 ockdown()' is us\n-000147d0: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2047 ed to lockdown G\n-000147e0: 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6675 6e63 RUB and the.func\n-000147f0: 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f69 735f 6c6f tion 'grub_is_lo\n-00014800: 636b 646f 776e 2829 2720 6675 6e63 7469 ckdown()' functi\n-00014810: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 on can be used t\n-00014820: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 720a o check whether.\n-00014830: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 6162 lockdown is enab\n-00014840: 6c65 6420 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2057 6865 led or not. Whe\n-00014850: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6865 2066 n enabled, the f\n-00014860: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 730a unction returns.\n-00014870: 2747 5255 425f 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f45 'GRUB_LOCKDOWN_E\n-00014880: 4e41 424c 4544 2720 616e 6420 2747 5255 NABLED' and 'GRU\n-00014890: 425f 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f44 4953 4142 B_LOCKDOWN_DISAB\n-000148a0: 4c45 4427 2077 6865 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 LED' when is not\n-000148b0: 0a65 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 .enabled... Th\n-000148c0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6675 6e63 e following func\n-000148d0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 tions can be use\n-000148e0: 6420 746f 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 7468 d to register th\n-000148f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 e commands that \n-00014900: 6361 6e0a 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can.only be used\n-00014910: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-00014920: 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 s disabled:.. \n-00014930: 2a20 2767 7275 625f 636d 645f 6c6f 636b * 'grub_cmd_lock\n-00014940: 646f 776e 2829 2720 7265 6769 7374 6572 down()' register\n-00014950: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 6820 s command which \n-00014960: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 756e 2077 should not run w\n-00014970: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2047 5255 hen. the GRU\n-00014980: 4220 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e B is in lockdown\n-00014990: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2027 6772 mode... * 'gr\n-000149a0: 7562 5f63 6d64 5f6c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e28 ub_cmd_lockdown(\n-000149b0: 2927 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2065 7874 )' registers ext\n-000149c0: 656e 6465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 ended command wh\n-000149d0: 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 0a20 ich should not. \n-000149e0: 2020 2020 7275 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 run when the\n-000149f0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b GRUB is in lock\n-00014a00: 646f 776e 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 down mode.....Fi\n-00014a10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n-00014a20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e o, Node: Copyin\n-00014a30: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 g This Manual, \n-00014a40: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 Next: Index, Pr\n-00014a50: 6576 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2066 7261 ev: Lockdown fra\n-00014a60: 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 mework, Up: Top\n-00014a70: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2043 6f70 ..Appendix A Cop\n-00014a80: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00014a90: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00014aa0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00014ab0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 .* Menu:..* GNU \n-00014ac0: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n-00014ad0: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 on License:: Li\n-00014ae0: 6365 6e73 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e cense for copyin\n-00014af0: 6720 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a g this manual...\n-00014b00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 ..File: grub-dev\n-00014b10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n-00014b20: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n-00014b30: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 2055 tion License, U\n-00014b40: 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 p: Copying This \n-00014b50: 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 412e 3120 474e 5520 Manual..A.1 GNU \n-00014b60: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n-00014b70: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d on License.=====\n+00013910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2074 6572 6d69 =====..The termi\n+00013920: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2075 7365 6420 nal window used \n+00013930: 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 to provide comma\n+00013940: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6163 6365 7373 2077 nd line access w\n+00013950: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 6772 6170 6869 ithin the.graphi\n+00013960: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6d61 6e61 cal menu is mana\n+00013970: 6765 6420 6279 2027 6766 786d 656e 752f ged by 'gfxmenu/\n+00013980: 7669 6577 2e63 272e 2020 5468 6520 2767 view.c'. The 'g\n+00013990: 6678 7465 726d 2720 7465 726d 696e 616c fxterm' terminal\n+000139a0: 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2c20 616e 6420 6974 .is used, and it\n+000139b0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d6f 6469 6669 has been modifi\n+000139c0: 6564 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7265 6e64 ed to allow rend\n+000139d0: 6572 696e 6720 746f 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 ering to an offs\n+000139e0: 6372 6565 6e0a 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 creen.render tar\n+000139f0: 6765 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2069 7420 get to allow it \n+00013a00: 746f 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 2069 to be composed i\n+00013a10: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 646f 7562 6c65 2062 nto the double b\n+00013a20: 7566 6665 7269 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 uffering.system \n+00013a30: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 that the graphic\n+00013a40: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7669 6577 2075 7365 al menu view use\n+00013a50: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6261 6420 s. This is bad \n+00013a60: 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c for performance,\n+00013a70: 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 736f 2069 7420 .however, so it \n+00013a80: 776f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 would probably b\n+00013a90: 6520 6120 676f 6f64 2069 6465 6120 746f e a good idea to\n+00013aa0: 206d 616b 6520 6974 2070 6f73 7369 626c make it possibl\n+00013ab0: 6520 746f 0a74 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 e to.temporarily\n+00013ac0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2064 6f75 626c 6520 disable double \n+00013ad0: 6275 6666 6572 696e 6720 6173 206c 6f6e buffering as lon\n+00013ae0: 6720 6173 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 g as the termina\n+00013af0: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2069 730a 7669 7369 l window is.visi\n+00013b00: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 ble. There are \n+00013b10: 7374 696c 6c20 756e 7265 736f 6c76 6564 still unresolved\n+00013b20: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7468 6174 206f problems that o\n+00013b30: 6363 7572 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e ccur when comman\n+00013b40: 6473 0a61 7265 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 ds.are executed \n+00013b50: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 from the termina\n+00013b60: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2074 6861 7420 6368 l window that ch\n+00013b70: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 ange the graphic\n+00013b80: 7320 6d6f 6465 2e0a 4974 2773 2070 6f73 s mode..It's pos\n+00013b90: 7369 626c 6520 7468 6174 206d 616b 696e sible that makin\n+00013ba0: 6720 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 g 'grub_video_re\n+00013bb0: 7374 6f72 6528 2927 2072 6574 7572 6e20 store()' return \n+00013bc0: 746f 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 730a to the graphics.\n+00013bd0: 6d6f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 696e mode that was in\n+00013be0: 2075 7365 2062 6566 6f72 6520 2767 7275 use before 'gru\n+00013bf0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7028 2927 b_video_setup()'\n+00013c00: 2077 6173 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6d69 6768 was called migh\n+00013c10: 7420 6669 780a 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 t fix.some of th\n+00013c20: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e problems.....F\n+00013c30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e ile: grub-dev.in\n+00013c40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 6572 6966 fo, Node: Verif\n+00013c50: 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 iers framework, \n+00013c60: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 Next: Lockdown \n+00013c70: 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 framework, Prev\n+00013c80: 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 : Graphical Menu\n+00013c90: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e Software Design\n+00013ca0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2056 , Up: Top..13 V\n+00013cb0: 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f erifiers framewo\n+00013cc0: 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rk.*************\n+00013cd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6f20 7265 *********..To re\n+00013ce0: 6769 7374 6572 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 gister your own \n+00013cf0: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2063 616c 6c20 2767 verifier call 'g\n+00013d00: 7275 625f 7665 7269 6669 6572 5f72 6567 rub_verifier_reg\n+00013d10: 6973 7465 7227 2077 6974 6820 610a 7374 ister' with a.st\n+00013d20: 7275 6374 7572 6520 706f 696e 7469 6e67 ructure pointing\n+00013d30: 2074 6f20 796f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f to your functio\n+00013d40: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 696e 7465 ns... The inte\n+00013d50: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2069 6e73 7069 7265 rface is inspire\n+00013d60: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2068 6173 6820 696e d by the hash in\n+00013d70: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a27 696e terface with.'in\n+00013d80: 6974 272f 2777 7269 7465 272f 2766 696e it'/'write'/'fin\n+00013d90: 6927 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 i'... There ar\n+00013da0: 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 3220 e essentially 2 \n+00013db0: 7761 7973 206f 6620 7573 696e 6720 6974 ways of using it\n+00013dc0: 2c20 6861 7368 696e 6720 616e 6420 7768 , hashing and wh\n+00013dd0: 6f6c 652d 6669 6c65 0a76 6572 6966 6963 ole-file.verific\n+00013de0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 6820 ation... With \n+00013df0: 7468 6520 6861 7368 696e 6720 6170 7072 the hashing appr\n+00013e00: 6f61 6368 3a20 4475 7269 6e67 2027 696e oach: During 'in\n+00013e10: 6974 2720 796f 7520 6465 6369 6465 2077 it' you decide w\n+00013e20: 6865 7468 6572 2079 6f75 2077 616e 740a hether you want.\n+00013e30: 746f 2063 6865 636b 2074 6865 2067 6976 to check the giv\n+00013e40: 656e 2066 696c 6520 616e 6420 696e 6974 en file and init\n+00013e50: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2049 6e20 2777 context. In 'w\n+00013e60: 7269 7465 2720 796f 7520 7570 6461 7465 rite' you update\n+00013e70: 2079 6f75 720a 6861 7368 696e 6720 7374 your.hashing st\n+00013e80: 6174 652e 2020 496e 2027 6669 6e69 2720 ate. In 'fini' \n+00013e90: 796f 7520 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2074 you check that t\n+00013ea0: 6865 2068 6173 6820 6d61 7463 6865 7320 he hash matches \n+00013eb0: 7468 6520 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a76 616c the expected.val\n+00013ec0: 7565 2f70 6173 7365 7320 736f 6d65 2063 ue/passes some c\n+00013ed0: 6865 636b 2f2e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 heck/..... Wit\n+00013ee0: 6820 7768 6f6c 652d 6669 6c65 2076 6572 h whole-file ver\n+00013ef0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2044 7572 696e ification: Durin\n+00013f00: 6720 2769 6e69 7427 2079 6f75 2064 6563 g 'init' you dec\n+00013f10: 6964 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 796f 750a ide whether you.\n+00013f20: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 7468 want to check th\n+00013f30: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 e given file and\n+00013f40: 2069 6e69 7420 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 init context. \n+00013f50: 496e 2027 7772 6974 6527 2079 6f75 2076 In 'write' you v\n+00013f60: 6572 6966 790a 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2061 erify.the file a\n+00013f70: 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 2065 7272 nd return an err\n+00013f80: 6f72 2069 6620 6974 2066 6169 6c73 2e20 or if it fails. \n+00013f90: 2059 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 2068 6176 6520 You don't have \n+00013fa0: 2766 696e 6927 2e0a 0a20 2020 4164 6469 'fini'... Addi\n+00013fb0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f73 tional 'verify_s\n+00013fc0: 7472 696e 6727 2072 6563 6569 7665 7320 tring' receives \n+00013fd0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7374 7269 6e67 7320 various strings \n+00013fe0: 6c69 6b65 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7061 7261 like kernel.para\n+00013ff0: 6d65 7465 7273 2074 6f20 7665 7269 6679 meters to verify\n+00014000: 2e20 2052 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 206e 6f20 . Returning no \n+00014010: 6572 726f 7220 6d65 616e 7320 7375 6363 error means succ\n+00014020: 6573 7366 756c 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 essful verificat\n+00014030: 696f 6e0a 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 ion.and an error\n+00014040: 2073 746f 7073 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 stops the curre\n+00014050: 6e74 2061 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2044 nt action... D\n+00014060: 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6465 7363 7269 7074 etailed descript\n+00014070: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2041 5049 3a0a ion of the API:.\n+00014080: 0a20 2020 4576 6572 7920 7469 6d65 2061 . Every time a\n+00014090: 2066 696c 6520 6973 206f 7065 6e65 6420 file is opened \n+000140a0: 796f 7572 2027 696e 6974 2720 6675 6e63 your 'init' func\n+000140b0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2077 tion is called w\n+000140c0: 6974 6820 6669 6c65 0a64 6573 6372 6970 ith file.descrip\n+000140d0: 746f 7220 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2074 7970 tor and file typ\n+000140e0: 652e 2020 596f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f e. Your functio\n+000140f0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6861 7665 2074 6865 2066 n can have the f\n+00014100: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6f 7574 636f 6d65 ollowing.outcome\n+00014110: 733a 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 s:.. * returni\n+00014120: 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 ng no error and \n+00014130: 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 7327 setting '*flags'\n+00014140: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 to. 'GRUB_V\n+00014150: 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f 4445 4645 ERIFY_FLAGS_DEFE\n+00014160: 525f 4155 5448 272e 2020 496e 2074 6869 R_AUTH'. In thi\n+00014170: 7320 6361 7365 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 s case verificat\n+00014180: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6665 ion is. defe\n+00014190: 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6f74 6865 7220 6163 rred to other ac\n+000141a0: 7469 7665 2076 6572 6966 6965 7273 2e20 tive verifiers. \n+000141b0: 2056 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6661 Verification fa\n+000141c0: 696c 7320 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 790a 2020 ils if nobody. \n+000141d0: 2020 2063 6172 6573 206f 7220 7365 6c65 cares or sele\n+000141e0: 6374 6564 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6661 cted verifier fa\n+000141f0: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 ils... * retur\n+00014200: 6e69 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e ning no error an\n+00014210: 6420 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 d setting '*flag\n+00014220: 7327 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 s' to. 'GRUB\n+00014230: 5f56 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f 534b _VERIFY_FLAGS_SK\n+00014240: 4950 5f56 4552 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e27 IP_VERIFICATION'\n+00014250: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n+00014260: 796f 7572 2076 6572 6966 6965 720a 2020 your verifier. \n+00014270: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 will not be c\n+00014280: 616c 6c65 6420 616e 796d 6f72 6520 616e alled anymore an\n+00014290: 6420 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 d it is assumed \n+000142a0: 746f 2068 6176 6520 736b 6970 7065 640a to have skipped.\n+000142b0: 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f verificatio\n+000142c0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 n... * returni\n+000142d0: 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 ng no error and \n+000142e0: 6e6f 7420 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c not setting '*fl\n+000142f0: 6167 7327 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 ags' to. 'GR\n+00014300: 5542 5f56 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f UB_VERIFY_FLAGS_\n+00014310: 534b 4950 5f56 4552 4946 4943 4154 494f SKIP_VERIFICATIO\n+00014320: 4e27 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 N' In this case \n+00014330: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 730a verification is.\n+00014340: 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 6520 6173 2064 6573 done as des\n+00014350: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f cribed in the fo\n+00014360: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e2e llowing section.\n+00014370: 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 .. * returning\n+00014380: 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722e 2020 5468 656e an error. Then\n+00014390: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 opening of the \n+000143a0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6661 696c 2064 file will fail d\n+000143b0: 7565 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 6169 6c65 ue to. faile\n+000143c0: 6420 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a d verification..\n+000143d0: 0a20 2020 496e 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 . In the third\n+000143e0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 7572 2027 7772 6974 case your 'writ\n+000143f0: 6527 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 616c 6c65 e' will be calle\n+00014400: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6875 6e6b 7320 6f66 d with chunks of\n+00014410: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 the.file. If y\n+00014420: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c ou need the whol\n+00014430: 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 e file in a sing\n+00014440: 6c65 2063 6875 6e6b 2074 6865 6e20 6475 le chunk then du\n+00014450: 7269 6e67 2027 696e 6974 270a 7365 7420 ring 'init'.set \n+00014460: 7468 6520 6269 7420 2747 5255 425f 5645 the bit 'GRUB_VE\n+00014470: 5249 4659 5f46 4c41 4753 5f53 494e 474c RIFY_FLAGS_SINGL\n+00014480: 455f 4348 554e 4b27 2069 6e20 272a 666c E_CHUNK' in '*fl\n+00014490: 6167 7327 2e20 2044 7572 696e 6720 2769 ags'. During 'i\n+000144a0: 6e69 7427 0a79 6f75 206d 6179 2073 6574 nit'.you may set\n+000144b0: 2027 2a63 6f6e 7465 7874 2720 6966 2079 '*context' if y\n+000144c0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ou need addition\n+000144d0: 616c 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2041 7420 al context. At \n+000144e0: 6576 6572 790a 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e20 every.iteration \n+000144f0: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e 2061 you may return a\n+00014500: 6e20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 7468 6520 n error and the \n+00014510: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e file will be con\n+00014520: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 0a68 6176 696e sidered as.havin\n+00014530: 6720 6661 696c 6564 2074 6865 2076 6572 g failed the ver\n+00014540: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 ification. If y\n+00014550: 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 7272 ou return no err\n+00014560: 6f72 2074 6865 6e0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 or then.verifica\n+00014570: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6573 2e0a tion continues..\n+00014580: 0a20 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2061 . Optionally a\n+00014590: 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 t the end of the\n+000145a0: 2066 696c 6520 2766 696e 6927 2c20 6966 file 'fini', if\n+000145b0: 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 2c20 6973 2063 it exists, is c\n+000145c0: 616c 6c65 640a 7769 7468 206a 7573 7420 alled.with just \n+000145d0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4966 the context. If\n+000145e0: 2079 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 you return no e\n+000145f0: 7272 6f72 2064 7572 696e 6720 616e 7920 rror during any \n+00014600: 6f66 2027 696e 6974 272c 0a27 7772 6974 of 'init',.'writ\n+00014610: 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6669 6e69 2720 7468 e' and 'fini' th\n+00014620: 656e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 en the file is c\n+00014630: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2068 6176 onsidered as hav\n+00014640: 696e 6720 7375 6363 6564 6564 0a76 6572 ing succeded.ver\n+00014650: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ification.....Fi\n+00014660: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00014670: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f o, Node: Lockdo\n+00014680: 776e 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 204e wn framework, N\n+00014690: 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ext: Copying Thi\n+000146a0: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a s Manual, Prev:\n+000146b0: 2056 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 Verifiers frame\n+000146c0: 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a work, Up: Top..\n+000146d0: 3134 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6672 616d 14 Lockdown fram\n+000146e0: 6577 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ework.**********\n+000146f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n+00014700: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 GRUB can be loc\n+00014710: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ked down, which \n+00014720: 6973 2061 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 is a restricted \n+00014730: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a mode where some.\n+00014740: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e operations are n\n+00014750: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 ot allowed. For\n+00014760: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2073 6f6d 6520 instance, some \n+00014770: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 commands cannot \n+00014780: 6265 2075 7365 640a 7768 656e 2074 6865 be used.when the\n+00014790: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 GRUB is locked \n+000147a0: 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6675 down... The fu\n+000147b0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f6c 6f63 nction 'grub_loc\n+000147c0: 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 2069 7320 7573 6564 kdown()' is used\n+000147d0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2047 5255 to lockdown GRU\n+000147e0: 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6675 6e63 7469 B and the.functi\n+000147f0: 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f69 735f 6c6f 636b on 'grub_is_lock\n+00014800: 646f 776e 2829 2720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e down()' function\n+00014810: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00014820: 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 720a 6c6f check whether.lo\n+00014830: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 ckdown is enable\n+00014840: 6420 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 d or not. When \n+00014850: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6865 2066 756e enabled, the fun\n+00014860: 6374 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 730a 2747 ction returns.'G\n+00014870: 5255 425f 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f45 4e41 RUB_LOCKDOWN_ENA\n+00014880: 424c 4544 2720 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f BLED' and 'GRUB_\n+00014890: 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 LOCKDOWN_DISABLE\n+000148a0: 4427 2077 6865 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a65 D' when is not.e\n+000148b0: 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 nabled... The \n+000148c0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 following functi\n+000148d0: 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ons can be used \n+000148e0: 746f 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 7468 6520 to register the \n+000148f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 commands that ca\n+00014900: 6e0a 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 n.only be used w\n+00014910: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+00014920: 6469 7361 626c 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 disabled:.. * \n+00014930: 2767 7275 625f 636d 645f 6c6f 636b 646f 'grub_cmd_lockdo\n+00014940: 776e 2829 2720 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 wn()' registers \n+00014950: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 6820 7368 command which sh\n+00014960: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 756e 2077 6865 ould not run whe\n+00014970: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 n. the GRUB \n+00014980: 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d is in lockdown m\n+00014990: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 ode... * 'grub\n+000149a0: 5f63 6d64 5f6c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 _cmd_lockdown()'\n+000149b0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2065 7874 656e registers exten\n+000149c0: 6465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 ded command whic\n+000149d0: 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 h should not. \n+000149e0: 2020 7275 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 run when the G\n+000149f0: 5255 4220 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f RUB is in lockdo\n+00014a00: 776e 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 wn mode.....File\n+00014a10: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n+00014a20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 Node: Copying \n+00014a30: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 This Manual, Ne\n+00014a40: 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 xt: Index, Prev\n+00014a50: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2066 7261 6d65 : Lockdown frame\n+00014a60: 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a work, Up: Top..\n+00014a70: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2043 6f70 7969 Appendix A Copyi\n+00014a80: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a ng This Manual.*\n+00014a90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00014aa0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+00014ab0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 Menu:..* GNU Fr\n+00014ac0: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n+00014ad0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 License:: Lice\n+00014ae0: 6e73 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 nse for copying \n+00014af0: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a this manual.....\n+00014b00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n+00014b10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 nfo, Node: GNU \n+00014b20: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n+00014b30: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a on License, Up:\n+00014b40: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+00014b50: 6e75 616c 0a0a 412e 3120 474e 5520 4672 nual..A.1 GNU Fr\n+00014b60: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n+00014b70: 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d License.=======\n 00014b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00014b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 =============.. \n+00014b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 ===========.. \n 00014ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00014bb0: 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 Version 1.2\n-00014bc0: 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 3030 320a , November 2002.\n-00014bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 . Copyright \n-00014be0: 2843 2920 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 (C) 2000,2001,20\n-00014bf0: 3032 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 02 Free Software\n-00014c00: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 Foundation, Inc\n-00014c10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 3120 4672 616e 6b6c .. 51 Frankl\n-00014c20: 696e 2053 742c 2046 6966 7468 2046 6c6f in St, Fifth Flo\n-00014c30: 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 4d41 2020 or, Boston, MA \n-00014c40: 3032 3131 302d 3133 3031 2c20 5553 410a 02110-1301, USA.\n-00014c50: 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 796f 6e65 2069 . 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The purpo\n-00014cf0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e se of this Licen\n-00014d00: 7365 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b 6520 6120 se is to make a \n-00014d10: 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 626f 6f6b manual, textbook\n-00014d20: 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 , or other. \n-00014d30: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2075 functional and u\n-00014d40: 7365 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2022 seful document \"\n-00014d50: 6672 6565 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 656e free\" in the sen\n-00014d60: 7365 206f 6620 6672 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 se of freedom: t\n-00014d70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7373 7572 6520 6576 o. assure ev\n-00014d80: 6572 796f 6e65 2074 6865 2065 6666 6563 eryone the effec\n-00014d90: 7469 7665 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 tive freedom to \n-00014da0: 636f 7079 2061 6e64 2072 6564 6973 7472 copy and redistr\n-00014db0: 6962 7574 6520 6974 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 ibute it,. w\n-00014dc0: 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 206d ith or without m\n-00014dd0: 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2069 742c 2065 6974 odifying it, eit\n-00014de0: 6865 7220 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 her commercially\n-00014df0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d or. noncomm\n-00014e00: 6572 6369 616c 6c79 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e ercially. Secon\n-00014e10: 6461 7269 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 204c 6963 darily, this Lic\n-00014e20: 656e 7365 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2066 ense preserves f\n-00014e30: 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6175 7468 or the. auth\n-00014e40: 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 or and publisher\n-00014e50: 2061 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6765 7420 6372 a way to get cr\n-00014e60: 6564 6974 2066 6f72 2074 6865 6972 2077 edit for their w\n-00014e70: 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 ork, while not. \n-00014e80: 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e73 6964 being consid\n-00014e90: 6572 6564 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 ered responsible\n-00014ea0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f for modificatio\n-00014eb0: 6e73 206d 6164 6520 6279 206f 7468 6572 ns made by other\n-00014ec0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 s... This Li\n-00014ed0: 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2061 206b 696e 6420 cense is a kind \n-00014ee0: 6f66 2022 636f 7079 6c65 6674 222c 2077 of \"copyleft\", w\n-00014ef0: 6869 6368 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 hich means that \n-00014f00: 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 derivative. \n-00014f10: 776f 726b 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6f63 works of the doc\n-00014f20: 756d 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2074 6865 6d73 ument must thems\n-00014f30: 656c 7665 7320 6265 2066 7265 6520 696e elves be free in\n-00014f40: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7365 6e73 652e the same sense.\n-00014f50: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2063 6f6d 706c 656d . 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We have \n-00014fd0: 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6869 7320 4c69 designed this Li\n-00014fe0: 6365 6e73 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 cense in order t\n-00014ff0: 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2066 6f72 206d 616e o use it for man\n-00015000: 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6672 uals for. fr\n-00015010: 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652c 2062 6563 ee software, bec\n-00015020: 6175 7365 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 7761 ause free softwa\n-00015030: 7265 206e 6565 6473 2066 7265 6520 646f re needs free do\n-00015040: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 cumentation: a. \n-00015050: 2020 2020 6672 6565 2070 726f 6772 616d free program\n-00015060: 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 6d65 2077 6974 should come wit\n-00015070: 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 7072 6f76 6964 h manuals provid\n-00015080: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 7265 ing the same fre\n-00015090: 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 edoms. that \n-000150a0: 7468 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 2064 6f65 the software doe\n-000150b0: 732e 2020 4275 7420 7468 6973 204c 6963 s. But this Lic\n-000150c0: 656e 7365 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 ense is not limi\n-000150d0: 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6674 ted to. soft\n-000150e0: 7761 7265 206d 616e 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 ware manuals; it\n-000150f0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 can be used for\n-00015100: 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7475 616c 2077 6f72 any textual wor\n-00015110: 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 730a 2020 k, regardless. \n-00015120: 2020 206f 6620 7375 626a 6563 7420 6d61 of subject ma\n-00015130: 7474 6572 206f 7220 7768 6574 6865 7220 tter or whether \n-00015140: 6974 2069 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 it is published \n-00015150: 6173 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f as a printed boo\n-00015160: 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 2020 2020 7265 636f k. We. reco\n-00015170: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e mmend this Licen\n-00015180: 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c 6c79 2066 se principally f\n-00015190: 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 686f 7365 2070 or works whose p\n-000151a0: 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 urpose is. i\n-000151b0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 nstruction or re\n-000151c0: 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 ference... 1. A\n-000151d0: 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 PPLICABILITY AND\n-000151e0: 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 DEFINITIONS.. \n-000151f0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 This License \n-00015200: 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2061 6e79 206d applies to any m\n-00015210: 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2077 anual or other w\n-00015220: 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6d65 6469 ork, in any medi\n-00015230: 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 636f um,. that co\n-00015240: 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 206e 6f74 6963 6520 ntains a notice \n-00015250: 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f placed by the co\n-00015260: 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 2073 pyright holder s\n-00015270: 6179 696e 6720 6974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 aying it can. \n-00015280: 2020 6265 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6564 be distributed\n-00015290: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-000152a0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n-000152b0: 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 . Such a notice\n-000152c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 . grants a w\n-000152d0: 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c orld-wide, royal\n-000152e0: 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c ty-free license,\n-000152f0: 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 unlimited in du\n-00015300: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 ration,. to \n-00015310: 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e use that work un\n-00015320: 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f der the conditio\n-00015330: 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e ns stated herein\n-00015340: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 . The. \"Doc\n-00015350: 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 ument\", below, r\n-00015360: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 efers to any suc\n-00015370: 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b h manual or work\n-00015380: 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d 6265 720a 2020 . Any member. \n-00015390: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 of the public\n-000153a0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 is a licensee, \n-000153b0: 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 and is addressed\n-000153c0: 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e 2020 596f 7520 as \"you\". You \n-000153d0: 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 accept. the \n-000153e0: 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 license if you c\n-000153f0: 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 opy, modify or d\n-00015400: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f istribute the wo\n-00015410: 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 rk in a way. \n-00015420: 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 requiring permi\n-00015430: 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 ssion under copy\n-00015440: 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 right law... \n-00015450: 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 A \"Modified Ver\n-00015460: 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 sion\" of the Doc\n-00015470: 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 ument means any \n-00015480: 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 work containing \n-00015490: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e the. Documen\n-000154a0: 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f t or a portion o\n-000154b0: 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f70 f it, either cop\n-000154c0: 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 ied verbatim, or\n-000154d0: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 with. modif\n-000154e0: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 ications and/or \n-000154f0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 translated into \n-00015500: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 another language\n-00015510: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 2253 6563 6f6e ... A \"Secon\n-00015520: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 dary Section\" is\n-00015530: 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 a named appendi\n-00015540: 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 x or a front-mat\n-00015550: 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 ter section. \n-00015560: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n-00015570: 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c that deals excl\n-00015580: 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 usively with the\n-00015590: 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 relationship of\n-000155a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 the. publis\n-000155b0: 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 hers or authors \n-000155c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 of the Document \n-000155d0: 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 to the Document'\n-000155e0: 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 s overall. s\n-000155f0: 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 ubject (or to re\n-00015600: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 lated matters) a\n-00015610: 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 nd contains noth\n-00015620: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 ing that could. \n-00015630: 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c fall directl\n-00015640: 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 y within that ov\n-00015650: 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 erall subject. \n-00015660: 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f (Thus, if the Do\n-00015670: 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 cument. is i\n-00015680: 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f n part a textboo\n-00015690: 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 k of mathematics\n-000156a0: 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 , a Secondary Se\n-000156b0: 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 ction may not. \n-000156c0: 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d explain any m\n-000156d0: 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 athematics.) Th\n-000156e0: 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 e relationship c\n-000156f0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 ould be a matter\n-00015700: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 of. histori\n-00015710: 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 cal connection w\n-00015720: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 ith the subject \n-00015730: 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 or with related \n-00015740: 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 matters, or. \n-00015750: 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 of legal, comme\n-00015760: 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 rcial, philosoph\n-00015770: 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 ical, ethical or\n-00015780: 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 political posit\n-00015790: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 ion. regardi\n-000157a0: 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ng them... T\n-000157b0: 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 he \"Invariant Se\n-000157c0: 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 ctions\" are cert\n-000157d0: 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 ain Secondary Se\n-000157e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 ctions whose. \n-000157f0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 7265 2064 6573 titles are des\n-00015800: 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 7320 6265 696e ignated, as bein\n-00015810: 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 g those of Invar\n-00015820: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 iant Sections, i\n-00015830: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6963 n the. notic\n-00015840: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 e that says that\n-00015850: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 the Document is\n-00015860: 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 released under \n-00015870: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 this License.. \n-00015880: 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 If a section \n-00015890: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2066 6974 2074 6865 does not fit the\n-000158a0: 2061 626f 7665 2064 6566 696e 6974 696f above definitio\n-000158b0: 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 n of Secondary t\n-000158c0: 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206e hen it. is n\n-000158d0: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6265 ot allowed to be\n-000158e0: 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 6420 6173 2049 designated as I\n-000158f0: 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2044 nvariant. The D\n-00015900: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 ocument may. \n-00015910: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 207a 6572 6f20 496e contain zero In\n-00015920: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00015930: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 . If the Docume\n-00015940: 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6964 656e nt does not iden\n-00015950: 7469 6679 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 496e tify. any In\n-00015960: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00015970: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 then there are \n-00015980: 6e6f 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 none... The \n-00015990: 2243 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 2220 6172 \"Cover Texts\" ar\n-000159a0: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 7368 6f72 7420 e certain short \n-000159b0: 7061 7373 6167 6573 206f 6620 7465 7874 passages of text\n-000159c0: 2074 6861 7420 6172 650a 2020 2020 206c that are. l\n-000159d0: 6973 7465 642c 2061 7320 4672 6f6e 742d isted, as Front-\n-000159e0: 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 7320 6f72 2042 Cover Texts or B\n-000159f0: 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 732c ack-Cover Texts,\n-00015a00: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 in the notice. \n-00015a10: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6179 7320 7468 that says th\n-00015a20: 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 at the Document \n-00015a30: 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 756e 6465 is released unde\n-00015a40: 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 r this License. \n-00015a50: 2041 0a20 2020 2020 4672 6f6e 742d 436f A. 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PREAMBLE..\n+00014ce0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 7572 706f 7365 The purpose\n+00014cf0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n+00014d00: 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b 6520 6120 6d61 is to make a ma\n+00014d10: 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 2c20 nual, textbook, \n+00014d20: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6675 or other. fu\n+00014d30: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2075 7365 nctional and use\n+00014d40: 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2022 6672 ful document \"fr\n+00014d50: 6565 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 ee\" in the sense\n+00014d60: 206f 6620 6672 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a of freedom: to.\n+00014d70: 2020 2020 2061 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 assure ever\n+00014d80: 796f 6e65 2074 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 yone the effecti\n+00014d90: 7665 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f ve freedom to co\n+00014da0: 7079 2061 6e64 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 py and redistrib\n+00014db0: 7574 6520 6974 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ute it,. wit\n+00014dc0: 6820 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 h or without mod\n+00014dd0: 6966 7969 6e67 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 ifying it, eithe\n+00014de0: 7220 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f r commercially o\n+00014df0: 720a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 r. noncommer\n+00014e00: 6369 616c 6c79 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 cially. 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APP\n+000151d0: 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 LICABILITY AND D\n+000151e0: 4546 494e 4954 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 EFINITIONS.. \n+000151f0: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 This License ap\n+00015200: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e plies to any man\n+00015210: 7561 6c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 ual or other wor\n+00015220: 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d k, in any medium\n+00015230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 ,. that cont\n+00015240: 6169 6e73 2061 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c ains a notice pl\n+00015250: 6163 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 aced by the copy\n+00015260: 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 right holder say\n+00015270: 696e 6720 6974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ing it can. \n+00015280: 6265 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 be distributed u\n+00015290: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n+000152a0: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 f this License. \n+000152b0: 2053 7563 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 Such a notice. \n+000152c0: 2020 2020 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 grants a wor\n+000152d0: 6c64 2d77 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 ld-wide, royalty\n+000152e0: 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 -free license, u\n+000152f0: 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 nlimited in dura\n+00015300: 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 tion,. to us\n+00015310: 6520 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 e that work unde\n+00015320: 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 r the conditions\n+00015330: 2073 7461 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 stated herein. \n+00015340: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d The. \"Docum\n+00015350: 656e 7422 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 ent\", below, ref\n+00015360: 6572 7320 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 ers to any such \n+00015370: 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 manual or work. \n+00015380: 2041 6e79 206d 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 Any member. \n+00015390: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 of the public i\n+000153a0: 7320 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e s a licensee, an\n+000153b0: 6420 6973 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 d is addressed a\n+000153c0: 7320 2279 6f75 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 s \"you\". You ac\n+000153d0: 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 cept. the li\n+000153e0: 6365 6e73 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 cense if you cop\n+000153f0: 792c 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 y, modify or dis\n+00015400: 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b tribute the work\n+00015410: 2069 6e20 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 in a way. r\n+00015420: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 equiring permiss\n+00015430: 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 ion under copyri\n+00015440: 6768 7420 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 ght law... A\n+00015450: 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 \"Modified Versi\n+00015460: 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d on\" of the Docum\n+00015470: 656e 7420 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f ent means any wo\n+00015480: 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 rk containing th\n+00015490: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 e. 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A \"Seconda\n+00015520: 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 ry Section\" is a\n+00015530: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 named appendix \n+00015540: 6f72 2061 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 or a front-matte\n+00015550: 7220 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f r section. o\n+00015560: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 f the Document t\n+00015570: 6861 7420 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 hat deals exclus\n+00015580: 6976 656c 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 ively with the r\n+00015590: 656c 6174 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 elationship of t\n+000155a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 he. publishe\n+000155b0: 7273 206f 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 rs or authors of\n+000155c0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f the Document to\n+000155d0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 the Document's \n+000155e0: 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 overall. sub\n+000155f0: 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 ject (or to rela\n+00015600: 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 ted matters) and\n+00015610: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e contains nothin\n+00015620: 6720 7468 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 g that could. \n+00015630: 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 fall directly \n+00015640: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 within that over\n+00015650: 616c 6c20 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 all subject. (T\n+00015660: 6875 732c 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 hus, if the Docu\n+00015670: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 ment. is in \n+00015680: 7061 7274 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 part a textbook \n+00015690: 6f66 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 of mathematics, \n+000156a0: 6120 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 a Secondary Sect\n+000156b0: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 ion may not. \n+000156c0: 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 explain any mat\n+000156d0: 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 hematics.) The \n+000156e0: 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 relationship cou\n+000156f0: 6c64 2062 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f ld be a matter o\n+00015700: 660a 2020 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 f. historica\n+00015710: 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 l connection wit\n+00015720: 6820 7468 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 h the subject or\n+00015730: 2077 6974 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 with related ma\n+00015740: 7474 6572 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f tters, or. o\n+00015750: 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 f legal, commerc\n+00015760: 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 ial, philosophic\n+00015770: 616c 2c20 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 al, ethical or p\n+00015780: 6f6c 6974 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f olitical positio\n+00015790: 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 n. regarding\n+000157a0: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 them... 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You. \n+00016770: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 may not use \n+00016780: 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 6d65 6173 7572 technical measur\n+00016790: 6573 2074 6f20 6f62 7374 7275 6374 206f es to obstruct o\n+000167a0: 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 7265 r control the re\n+000167b0: 6164 696e 670a 2020 2020 206f 7220 6675 ading. or fu\n+000167c0: 7274 6865 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 6f66 rther copying of\n+000167d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 6965 7320 796f 7520 the copies you \n+000167e0: 6d61 6b65 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 make or distribu\n+000167f0: 7465 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 te. However,. \n+00016800: 2020 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 6363 6570 you may accep\n+00016810: 7420 636f 6d70 656e 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 t compensation i\n+00016820: 6e20 6578 6368 616e 6765 2066 6f72 2063 n exchange for c\n+00016830: 6f70 6965 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 0a20 opies. 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CO\n+00016920: 5059 494e 4720 494e 2051 5541 4e54 4954 PYING IN QUANTIT\n+00016930: 590a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 Y.. If you p\n+00016940: 7562 6c69 7368 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 ublish printed c\n+00016950: 6f70 6965 7320 286f 7220 636f 7069 6573 opies (or copies\n+00016960: 2069 6e20 6d65 6469 6120 7468 6174 2063 in media that c\n+00016970: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2068 6176 ommonly. hav\n+00016980: 6520 7072 696e 7465 6420 636f 7665 7273 e printed covers\n+00016990: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e ) of the Documen\n+000169a0: 742c 206e 756d 6265 7269 6e67 206d 6f72 t, numbering mor\n+000169b0: 6520 7468 616e 2031 3030 2c20 616e 640a e than 100, and.\n+000169c0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e the Documen\n+000169d0: 7427 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 t's license noti\n+000169e0: 6365 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 436f 7665 ce requires Cove\n+000169f0: 7220 5465 7874 732c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 r Texts, you mus\n+00016a00: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 2074 t. enclose t\n+00016a10: 6865 2063 6f70 6965 7320 696e 2063 6f76 he copies in cov\n+00016a20: 6572 7320 7468 6174 2063 6172 7279 2c20 ers that carry, \n+00016a30: 636c 6561 726c 7920 616e 6420 6c65 6769 clearly and legi\n+00016a40: 626c 792c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 bly, all. th\n+00016a50: 6573 6520 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 733a ese Cover Texts:\n+00016a60: 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 Front-Cover Tex\n+00016a70: 7473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6672 6f6e 7420 ts on the front \n+00016a80: 636f 7665 722c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 cover, and. \n+00016a90: 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 Back-Cover Texts\n+00016aa0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6261 636b 2063 6f76 on the back cov\n+00016ab0: 6572 2e20 2042 6f74 6820 636f 7665 7273 er. 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State on the \n+00017680: 5469 746c 6520 7061 6765 2074 6865 206e Title page the n\n+00017690: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7562 6c69 ame of the publi\n+000176a0: 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 sher of the. \n+000176b0: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 Modified V\n+000176c0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2070 ersion, as the p\n+000176d0: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ublisher... \n+000176e0: 2020 442e 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 616c D. Preserve al\n+000176f0: 6c20 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 l the copyright \n+00017700: 6e6f 7469 6365 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 notices of the D\n+00017710: 6f63 756d 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ocument... \n+00017720: 2045 2e20 4164 6420 616e 2061 7070 726f E. 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Network:: \n-00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000990: 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 Downloading OS \n-000009a0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 images from a ne\n-000009b0: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 twork.* Serial t\n-000009c0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 erminal:: \n-000009d0: 2020 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 Using GRUB\n-000009e0: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n-000009f0: 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ne.* Vendor powe\n-00000a00: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 r-on keys:: \n-00000a10: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 Changing GRUB\n-00000a20: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 behaviour on ve\n-00000a30: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-00000a40: 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 ys.* Images:: \n+00000860: 2020 2020 746f 6f6c 730a 2a20 496e 7374 tools.* Inst\n+00000870: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 allation:: 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6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Network:: \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00000990: 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 204f 5320 696d ownloading OS im\n+000009a0: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 ages from a netw\n+000009b0: 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 ork.* Serial ter\n+000009c0: 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal:: \n+000009d0: 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 Using GRUB v\n+000009e0: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n+000009f0: 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d .* Vendor power-\n+00000a00: 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 on keys:: \n+00000a10: 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 Changing GRUB b\n+00000a20: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 7665 6e64 ehaviour on vend\n+00000a30: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+00000a40: 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a20 2020 2020 .* Images:: \n 00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000a60: 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 GRUB image fi\n-00000a70: 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 les.* Core image\n-00000a80: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n-00000a90: 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 :: GRUB image f\n-00000aa0: 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 iles size limita\n-00000ab0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 tions.* Filesyst\n-00000ac0: 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em:: \n-00000ad0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n-00000ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n-00000af0: 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 ntics.* Interfac\n-00000b00: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-00000b10: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 The menu a\n-00000b20: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c nd the command-l\n-00000b30: 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ine.* Environmen\n-00000b40: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-00000b50: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e GRUB environ\n-00000b60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a ment variables.*\n-00000b70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 Commands:: \n-00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-00000b90: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 7661 696c he list of avail\n-00000ba0: 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d able builtin com\n-00000bb0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 mands.* Internat\n-00000bc0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 ionalisation:: \n-00000bd0: 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c Topics rel\n-00000be0: 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 ating to languag\n-00000bf0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 e support.* Secu\n-00000c00: 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rity:: \n-00000c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e Authen\n-00000c20: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 tication, author\n-00000c30: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 isation, and sig\n-00000c40: 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f natures.* Platfo\n-00000c50: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a rm limitations::\n-00000c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 The list\n-00000c70: 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 of platform-spe\n-00000c80: 6369 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e cific limitation\n-00000c90: 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 s.* Platform-spe\n-00000ca0: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n-00000cb0: 3a3a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 :: Platform-spec\n-00000cc0: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a ific operations.\n-00000cd0: 2a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e * Supported kern\n-00000ce0: 656c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 els:: \n-00000cf0: 5468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7070 The list of supp\n-00000d00: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 orted kernels.* \n-00000d10: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a Troubleshooting:\n-00000d20: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 : Er\n-00000d30: 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n-00000d40: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 duced by GRUB.* \n-00000d50: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n-00000d60: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f stall:: Ho\n-00000d70: 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 w to use the GRU\n-00000d80: 4220 696e 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e B installer.* In\n-00000d90: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-00000da0: 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 nfig:: Gene\n-00000db0: 7261 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 rate a GRUB conf\n-00000dc0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a iguration file.*\n-00000dd0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00000de0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n-00000df0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00000e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e10: 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 Generate GRUB p\n-00000e20: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a assword hashes.*\n-00000e30: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00000e40: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d krelpath:: M\n-00000e50: 616b 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 ake system path \n-00000e60: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 relative to its \n-00000e70: 726f 6f74 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 root.* Invoking \n-00000e80: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 grub-mkrescue:: \n-00000e90: 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 Make a GRUB\n-00000ea0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n-00000eb0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n-00000ec0: 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f unt:: Mo\n-00000ed0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n-00000ee0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 m using GRUB.* I\n-00000ef0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n-00000f00: 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f be:: Pro\n-00000f10: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000f20: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a ation for GRUB.*\n-00000f30: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n-00000f40: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 cript-check:: C\n-00000f50: 6865 636b 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 heck GRUB script\n-00000f60: 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 file for syntax\n-00000f70: 2065 7272 6f72 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e errors.* Obtain\n-00000f80: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00000f90: 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f GRUB:: How to o\n-00000fa0: 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 btain and build \n-00000fb0: 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 GRUB.* Reporting\n-00000fc0: 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bugs:: \n-00000fd0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 Where you s\n-00000fe0: 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 hould send a bug\n-00000ff0: 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 report.* Future\n-00001000: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00001010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 Some fut\n-00001020: 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 ure plans on GRU\n-00001030: 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 B.* Copying This\n-00001040: 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Manual:: \n-00001050: 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d Copying This M\n-00001060: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a anual.* Index::.\n-00001070: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00001080: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f fo, Node: Intro\n-00001090: 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 duction, Next: \n-000010a0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-000010b0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 n, Prev: Top, \n-000010c0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f Up: Top..1 Intro\n-000010d0: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a duction to GRUB.\n+00000a60: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 GRUB image file\n+00000a70: 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 s.* Core image s\n+00000a80: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a ize limitation::\n+00000a90: 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c GRUB image fil\n+00000aa0: 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 es size limitati\n+00000ab0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ons.* Filesystem\n+00000ac0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00000ad0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 Filesystem s\n+00000ae0: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 yntax and semant\n+00000af0: 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a ics.* Interface:\n+00000b00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000b10: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 The menu and\n+00000b20: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00000b30: 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a e.* Environment:\n+00000b40: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000b50: 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 GRUB environme\n+00000b60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 2043 nt variables.* C\n+00000b70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ommands:: \n+00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00000b90: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 7661 696c 6162 list of availab\n+00000ba0: 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 le builtin comma\n+00000bb0: 6e64 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f nds.* Internatio\n+00000bc0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 nalisation:: \n+00000bd0: 2020 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 Topics relat\n+00000be0: 696e 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 ing to language \n+00000bf0: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 support.* Securi\n+00000c00: 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ty:: \n+00000c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 Authenti\n+00000c20: 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 cation, authoris\n+00000c30: 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 ation, and signa\n+00000c40: 7475 7265 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d tures.* Platform\n+00000c50: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 limitations:: 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GRUB.* In\n+00000d50: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n+00000d60: 616c 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 all:: How \n+00000d70: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n+00000d80: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f installer.* Invo\n+00000d90: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00000da0: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 ig:: Genera\n+00000db0: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 te a GRUB config\n+00000dc0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 uration file.* I\n+00000dd0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n+00000de0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 asswd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n+00000e10: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 enerate GRUB pas\n+00000e20: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 sword hashes.* I\n+00000e30: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000e40: 656c 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b elpath:: Mak\n+00000e50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n+00000e60: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f lative to its ro\n+00000e70: 6f74 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ot.* Invoking gr\n+00000e80: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 ub-mkrescue:: \n+00000e90: 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 Make a GRUB r\n+00000ea0: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e escue image.* In\n+00000eb0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n+00000ec0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e t:: Moun\n+00000ed0: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n+00000ee0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 using GRUB.* Inv\n+00000ef0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n+00000f00: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 :: Probe\n+00000f10: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+00000f20: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 ion for GRUB.* I\n+00000f30: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n+00000f40: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 ipt-check:: Che\n+00000f50: 636b 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 ck GRUB script f\n+00000f60: 696c 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 ile for syntax e\n+00000f70: 7272 6f72 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e rrors.* Obtainin\n+00000f80: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n+00000f90: 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 RUB:: How to obt\n+00000fa0: 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 ain and build GR\n+00000fb0: 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 UB.* Reporting b\n+00000fc0: 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ugs:: \n+00000fd0: 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f Where you sho\n+00000fe0: 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 uld send a bug r\n+00000ff0: 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a eport.* Future::\n+00001000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001010: 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 Some futur\n+00001020: 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a e plans on GRUB.\n+00001030: 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d * Copying This M\n+00001040: 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 anual:: \n+00001050: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00001060: 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f ual.* Index::...\n+00001070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Node: Introdu\n+00001090: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 ction, Next: Na\n+000010a0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c ming convention,\n+000010b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 Prev: Top, Up\n+000010c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 : Top..1 Introdu\n+000010d0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a ction to GRUB.**\n 000010e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000010f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-00001100: 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 .* Overview:: \n-00001110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001120: 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 What exactly GR\n-00001130: 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f UB is and how to\n-00001140: 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 use it.* Histor\n-00001150: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n-00001160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 From mag\n-00001170: 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 got to house fly\n-00001180: 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 .* Changes from \n-00001190: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 GRUB Legacy:: \n-000011a0: 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f Differences fro\n-000011b0: 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 m previous versi\n-000011c0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a ons.* Features::\n+000010f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+00001100: 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 Overview:: \n+00001110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n+00001120: 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 hat exactly GRUB\n+00001130: 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 is and how to u\n+00001140: 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a se it.* History:\n+00001150: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001160: 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f From maggo\n+00001170: 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a t to house fly.*\n+00001180: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n+00001190: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 UB Legacy:: D\n+000011a0: 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ifferences from \n+000011b0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+000011c0: 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 s.* Features:: \n 000011d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000011e0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 GRUB feature\n-000011f0: 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f s.* Role of a bo\n-00001200: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ot loader:: \n-00001210: 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 The role of a \n-00001220: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 boot loader....F\n-00001230: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00001240: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c Node: Overview,\n-00001250: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c Next: History,\n-00001260: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n-00001270: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 on..1.1 Overview\n-00001280: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 .============..B\n-00001290: 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 2262 6f6f 7420 riefly, a \"boot \n-000012a0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2220 6973 2074 6865 2066 loader\" is the f\n-000012b0: 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 irst software pr\n-000012c0: 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 ogram that runs \n-000012d0: 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 when a.computer \n-000012e0: 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 starts. It is r\n-000012f0: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c esponsible for l\n-00001300: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 oading and trans\n-00001310: 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a ferring control.\n-00001320: 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 to an operating \n-00001330: 7379 7374 656d 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2220 system \"kernel\" \n-00001340: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 software (such a\n-00001350: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d s Linux or GNU M\n-00001360: 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c ach)..The kernel\n-00001370: 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 , in turn, initi\n-00001380: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 alizes the rest \n-00001390: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 of the operating\n-000013a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 system (e.g..a \n-000013b0: 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 GNU system)... \n-000013c0: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 GNU GRUB is a v\n-000013d0: 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f ery powerful boo\n-000013e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t loader, which \n-000013f0: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a can load a wide.\n-00001400: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 variety of free \n-00001410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00001420: 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 s, as well as pr\n-00001430: 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 oprietary operat\n-00001440: 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ing.systems with\n-00001450: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 chain-loading(1\n-00001460: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 ) (*note Overvie\n-00001470: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e w-Footnote-1::).\n-00001480: 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e GRUB is.design\n-00001490: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 ed to address th\n-000014a0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 e complexity of \n-000014b0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e booting a person\n-000014c0: 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 al computer; bot\n-000014d0: 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e h.the program an\n-000014e0: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 d this manual ar\n-000014f0: 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 e tightly bound \n-00001500: 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 to that computer\n-00001510: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f platform,.altho\n-00001520: 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f ugh porting to o\n-00001530: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d ther platforms m\n-00001540: 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 ay be addressed \n-00001550: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n-00001560: 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d One of the im\n-00001570: 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 portant features\n-00001580: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 in GRUB is flex\n-00001590: 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e ibility; GRUB.un\n-000015a0: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 derstands filesy\n-000015b0: 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c stems and kernel\n-000015c0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d executable form\n-000015d0: 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ats, so you can \n-000015e0: 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 load.an arbitrar\n-000015f0: 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 y operating syst\n-00001600: 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c em the way you l\n-00001610: 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 ike, without rec\n-00001620: 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 ording the.physi\n-00001630: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal position of \n-00001640: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 your kernel on t\n-00001650: 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 he disk. Thus y\n-00001660: 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a ou can load the.\n-00001670: 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 kernel just by s\n-00001680: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 pecifying its fi\n-00001690: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 le name and the \n-000016a0: 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 drive and partit\n-000016b0: 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 ion.where the ke\n-000016c0: 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 rnel resides... \n-000016d0: 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 When booting w\n-000016e0: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 ith GRUB, you ca\n-000016f0: 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 n use either a c\n-00001700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-00001710: 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d rface.(*note Com\n-00001720: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00001730: 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e ace::), or a men\n-00001740: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f u interface (*no\n-00001750: 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 te Menu.interfac\n-00001760: 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 e::). Using the\n-00001770: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n-00001780: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 terface, you typ\n-00001790: 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 e the drive.spec\n-000017a0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 ification and fi\n-000017b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b le name of the k\n-000017c0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 ernel manually. \n-000017d0: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 In the menu.int\n-000017e0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 erface, you just\n-000017f0: 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 select an OS us\n-00001800: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 ing the arrow ke\n-00001810: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 ys. The menu is\n-00001820: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 .based on a conf\n-00001830: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 iguration file w\n-00001840: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 hich you prepare\n-00001850: 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f beforehand (*no\n-00001860: 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te.Configuration\n-00001870: 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 ::). While in t\n-00001880: 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e he menu, you can\n-00001890: 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 switch to the c\n-000018a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 ommand-line.mode\n-000018b0: 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 , and vice-versa\n-000018c0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 . You can even \n-000018d0: 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 edit menu entrie\n-000018e0: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 s before using t\n-000018f0: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 hem... In the \n-00001900: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 following chapte\n-00001910: 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 rs, you will lea\n-00001920: 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 rn how to specif\n-00001930: 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 y a drive, a.par\n-00001940: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 tition, and a fi\n-00001950: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e le name (*note N\n-00001960: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00001970: 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 ::) to GRUB, how\n-00001980: 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to.install GRUB\n-00001990: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 on your drive (\n-000019a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 *note Installati\n-000019b0: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 on::), and how t\n-000019c0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 o boot your.OSes\n-000019d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a (*note Booting:\n-000019e0: 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 :), step by step\n-000019f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00001a00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n-00001a10: 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c rview-Footnotes,\n-00001a20: 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a Up: Overview..\n-00001a30: 2020 2028 3129 2022 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (1) \"chain-lo\n-00001a40: 6164 2220 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 ad\" is the mecha\n-00001a50: 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 nism for loading\n-00001a60: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 unsupported ope\n-00001a70: 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 rating.systems b\n-00001a80: 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 y loading anothe\n-00001a90: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 r boot loader. \n-00001aa0: 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 It is typically \n-00001ab0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 used for.loading\n-00001ac0: 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e DOS or Windows.\n-00001ad0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001ae0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 nfo, Node: Hist\n-00001af0: 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e ory, Next: Chan\n-00001b00: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ges from GRUB Le\n-00001b10: 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 gacy, Prev: Ove\n-00001b20: 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 rview, Up: Intr\n-00001b30: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 oduction..1.2 Hi\n-00001b40: 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d story of GRUB.==\n-00001b50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001b60: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 =..GRUB originat\n-00001b70: 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 ed in 1995 when \n-00001b80: 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 Erich Boleyn was\n-00001b90: 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 trying to boot \n-00001ba0: 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 the GNU.Hurd wit\n-00001bb0: 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 h the University\n-00001bc0: 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 of Utah's Mach \n-00001bd0: 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 4 microkernel (n\n-00001be0: 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a ow known as GNU.\n-00001bf0: 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e Mach). Erich an\n-00001c00: 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 d Brian Ford des\n-00001c10: 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 igned the Multib\n-00001c20: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00001c30: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f n (*note.Multibo\n-00001c40: 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ot Specification\n-00001c50: 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 : (multiboot)Top\n-00001c60: 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 .), because they\n-00001c70: 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 were determined\n-00001c80: 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 .not to add to t\n-00001c90: 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 he large number \n-00001ca0: 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f of mutually-inco\n-00001cb0: 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 mpatible PC boot\n-00001cc0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 methods... Er\n-00001cd0: 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d ich then began m\n-00001ce0: 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 odifying the Fre\n-00001cf0: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 eBSD boot loader\n-00001d00: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c so that it woul\n-00001d10: 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c d.understand Mul\n-00001d20: 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e tiboot. He soon\n-00001d30: 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 realized that i\n-00001d40: 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 t would be a lot\n-00001d50: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 easier to.write\n-00001d60: 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f his own boot lo\n-00001d70: 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 ader from scratc\n-00001d80: 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 h than to keep w\n-00001d90: 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 orking on the.Fr\n-00001da0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 eeBSD boot loade\n-00001db0: 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 r, and so GRUB w\n-00001dc0: 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 as born... Eri\n-00001dd0: 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 ch added many fe\n-00001de0: 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 atures to GRUB, \n-00001df0: 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 but other priori\n-00001e00: 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 ties prevented h\n-00001e10: 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 im.from keeping \n-00001e20: 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 up with the dema\n-00001e30: 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b nds of its quick\n-00001e40: 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 ly-expanding use\n-00001e50: 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 r base. In.1999\n-00001e60: 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b , Gordon Matzigk\n-00001e70: 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 eit and Yoshinor\n-00001e80: 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 i K. Okuji adopt\n-00001e90: 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 ed GRUB as an.of\n-00001ea0: 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 ficial GNU packa\n-00001eb0: 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 ge, and opened i\n-00001ec0: 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 ts development b\n-00001ed0: 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 y making the lat\n-00001ee0: 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 est.sources avai\n-00001ef0: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d lable via anonym\n-00001f00: 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f ous CVS. *Note O\n-00001f10: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00001f20: 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f lding.GRUB::, fo\n-00001f30: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-00001f40: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 on... Over the\n-00001f50: 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c next few years,\n-00001f60: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 GRUB was extend\n-00001f70: 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 ed to meet many \n-00001f80: 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 needs, but it.qu\n-00001f90: 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 ickly became cle\n-00001fa0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 ar that its desi\n-00001fb0: 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 gn was not keepi\n-00001fc0: 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 ng up with the.e\n-00001fd0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 xtensions being \n-00001fe0: 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 made to it, and \n-00001ff0: 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 we reached the p\n-00002000: 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 oint where it wa\n-00002010: 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 s very.difficult\n-00002020: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 to make any fur\n-00002030: 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 ther changes wit\n-00002040: 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 hout breaking ex\n-00002050: 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e isting.features.\n-00002060: 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 Around 2002, Y\n-00002070: 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a oshinori K. Okuj\n-00002080: 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f i started work o\n-00002090: 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e n PUPA.(Prelimin\n-000020a0: 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 ary Universal Pr\n-000020b0: 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 ogramming Archit\n-000020c0: 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 ecture for GNU G\n-000020d0: 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a RUB), aiming to.\n-000020e0: 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 rewrite the core\n-000020f0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 of GRUB to make\n-00002100: 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 it cleaner, saf\n-00002110: 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c er, more robust,\n-00002120: 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 and.more powerf\n-00002130: 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 ul. PUPA was ev\n-00002140: 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 entually renamed\n-00002150: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 to GRUB 2, and \n-00002160: 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 the original.ver\n-00002170: 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 sion of GRUB was\n-00002180: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 renamed to GRUB\n-00002190: 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 Legacy. Small \n-000021a0: 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 amounts of.maint\n-000021b0: 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 enance continued\n-000021c0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 to be done on G\n-000021d0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 RUB Legacy, but \n-000021e0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 the last release\n-000021f0: 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 .(0.97) was made\n-00002200: 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 in 2005 and at \n-00002210: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 the time of writ\n-00002220: 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c ing it seems unl\n-00002230: 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 ikely.that there\n-00002240: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 will be another\n-00002250: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 ... By around \n-00002260: 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 2007, GNU/Linux \n-00002270: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 distributions st\n-00002280: 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 arted to use GRU\n-00002290: 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 B 2 to.limited e\n-000022a0: 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 xtents, and by t\n-000022b0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d he end of 2009 m\n-000022c0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 ultiple major di\n-000022d0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 stributions.were\n-000022e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 installing it b\n-000022f0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 y default.....Fi\n-00002300: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002310: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 Node: Changes fr\n-00002320: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n-00002330: 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c Next: Features,\n-00002340: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c Prev: History,\n-00002350: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n-00002360: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e on..1.3 Differen\n-00002370: 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 ces from previou\n-00002380: 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d s versions.=====\n+000011e0: 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a GRUB features.\n+000011f0: 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 * Role of a boot\n+00001200: 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 loader:: \n+00001210: 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f The role of a bo\n+00001220: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot loader....Fil\n+00001230: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001240: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 ode: Overview, \n+00001250: 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Next: History, \n+00001260: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00001270: 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d ..1.1 Overview.=\n+00001280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 ===========..Bri\n+00001290: 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 2262 6f6f 7420 6c6f efly, a \"boot lo\n+000012a0: 6164 6572 2220 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 ader\" is the fir\n+000012b0: 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 st software prog\n+000012c0: 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 ram that runs wh\n+000012d0: 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 en a.computer st\n+000012e0: 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 arts. It is res\n+000012f0: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 ponsible for loa\n+00001300: 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 ding and transfe\n+00001310: 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f rring control.to\n+00001320: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00001330: 7374 656d 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2220 736f stem \"kernel\" so\n+00001340: 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ftware (such as \n+00001350: 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 Linux or GNU Mac\n+00001360: 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 h)..The kernel, \n+00001370: 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c in turn, initial\n+00001380: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 izes the rest of\n+00001390: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the operating s\n+000013a0: 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e ystem (e.g..a GN\n+000013b0: 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 U system)... G\n+000013c0: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 NU GRUB is a ver\n+000013d0: 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 y powerful boot \n+000013e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 loader, which ca\n+000013f0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 n load a wide.va\n+00001400: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 riety of free op\n+00001410: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n+00001420: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 as well as prop\n+00001430: 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e rietary operatin\n+00001440: 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 g.systems with c\n+00001450: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 hain-loading(1) \n+00001460: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d (*note Overview-\n+00001470: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n+00001480: 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 GRUB is.designed\n+00001490: 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 to address the \n+000014a0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f complexity of bo\n+000014b0: 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c oting a personal\n+000014c0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a computer; both.\n+000014d0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 the program and \n+000014e0: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 this manual are \n+000014f0: 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f tightly bound to\n+00001500: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 that computer p\n+00001510: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 latform,.althoug\n+00001520: 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 h porting to oth\n+00001530: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 er platforms may\n+00001540: 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e be addressed in\n+00001550: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 the future... \n+00001560: 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f One of the impo\n+00001570: 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 rtant features i\n+00001580: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 n GRUB is flexib\n+00001590: 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 ility; GRUB.unde\n+000015a0: 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rstands filesyst\n+000015b0: 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 ems and kernel e\n+000015c0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 xecutable format\n+000015d0: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f s, so you can lo\n+000015e0: 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 ad.an arbitrary \n+000015f0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001600: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b the way you lik\n+00001610: 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 e, without recor\n+00001620: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 ding the.physica\n+00001630: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f l position of yo\n+00001640: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 ur kernel on the\n+00001650: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 disk. Thus you\n+00001660: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 can load the.ke\n+00001670: 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 rnel just by spe\n+00001680: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 cifying its file\n+00001690: 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 name and the dr\n+000016a0: 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f ive and partitio\n+000016b0: 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e n.where the kern\n+000016c0: 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 el resides... \n+000016d0: 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 When booting wit\n+000016e0: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 h GRUB, you can \n+000016f0: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d use either a com\n+00001700: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00001710: 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 ace.(*note Comma\n+00001720: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+00001730: 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 e::), or a menu \n+00001740: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 interface (*note\n+00001750: 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu.interface:\n+00001760: 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 :). Using the c\n+00001770: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00001780: 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 rface, you type \n+00001790: 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 the drive.specif\n+000017a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 ication and file\n+000017b0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 name of the ker\n+000017c0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 nel manually. I\n+000017d0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 n the menu.inter\n+000017e0: 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 face, you just s\n+000017f0: 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e elect an OS usin\n+00001800: 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 g the arrow keys\n+00001810: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 . The menu is.b\n+00001820: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 ased on a config\n+00001830: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 uration file whi\n+00001840: 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 ch you prepare b\n+00001850: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 eforehand (*note\n+00001860: 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .Configuration::\n+00001870: 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 ). While in the\n+00001880: 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 menu, you can s\n+00001890: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d witch to the com\n+000018a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 mand-line.mode, \n+000018b0: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 and vice-versa. \n+000018c0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 You can even ed\n+000018d0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 it menu entries \n+000018e0: 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 before using the\n+000018f0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f m... In the fo\n+00001900: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 llowing chapters\n+00001910: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e , you will learn\n+00001920: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n+00001930: 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 a drive, a.parti\n+00001940: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 tion, and a file\n+00001950: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d name (*note Nam\n+00001960: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n+00001970: 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 ) to GRUB, how t\n+00001980: 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f o.install GRUB o\n+00001990: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e n your drive (*n\n+000019a0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ote Installation\n+000019b0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ::), and how to \n+000019c0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 boot your.OSes (\n+000019d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 *note Booting::)\n+000019e0: 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a , step by step..\n+000019f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001a00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n+00001a10: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 iew-Footnotes, \n+00001a20: 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 Up: Overview.. \n+00001a30: 2028 3129 2022 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 (1) \"chain-load\n+00001a40: 2220 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 \" is the mechani\n+00001a50: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n+00001a60: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n+00001a70: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n+00001a80: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+00001a90: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n+00001aa0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+00001ab0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n+00001ac0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n+00001ad0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001ae0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n+00001af0: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n+00001b00: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00001b10: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n+00001b20: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n+00001b30: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n+00001b40: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n+00001b50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001b60: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n+00001b70: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n+00001b80: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n+00001b90: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n+00001ba0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n+00001bb0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n+00001bc0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n+00001bd0: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n+00001be0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n+00001bf0: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n+00001c00: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n+00001c10: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n+00001c20: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00001c30: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n+00001c40: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n+00001c50: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n+00001c60: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n+00001c70: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n+00001c80: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n+00001c90: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n+00001ca0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n+00001cb0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n+00001cc0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n+00001cd0: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n+00001ce0: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n+00001cf0: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n+00001d00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n+00001d10: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n+00001d20: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n+00001d30: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n+00001d40: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n+00001d50: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n+00001d60: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n+00001d70: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n+00001d80: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n+00001d90: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n+00001da0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n+00001db0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n+00001dc0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n+00001dd0: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n+00001de0: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n+00001df0: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n+00001e00: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n+00001e10: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n+00001e20: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n+00001e30: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n+00001e40: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n+00001e50: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n+00001e60: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n+00001e70: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n+00001e80: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n+00001e90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n+00001ea0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n+00001eb0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n+00001ec0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n+00001ed0: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n+00001ee0: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n+00001ef0: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n+00001f00: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n+00001f10: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00001f20: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n+00001f30: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00001f40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n+00001f50: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n+00001f60: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n+00001f70: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n+00001f80: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n+00001f90: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n+00001fa0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n+00001fb0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n+00001fc0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n+00001fd0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n+00001fe0: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n+00001ff0: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n+00002000: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n+00002010: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n+00002020: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n+00002030: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n+00002040: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n+00002050: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n+00002060: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n+00002070: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. Okuji \n+00002080: 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 started work on \n+00002090: 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 PUPA.(Preliminar\n+000020a0: 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 y Universal Prog\n+000020b0: 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 ramming Architec\n+000020c0: 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 ture for GNU GRU\n+000020d0: 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 B), aiming to.re\n+000020e0: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f write the core o\n+000020f0: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 f GRUB to make i\n+00002100: 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 t cleaner, safer\n+00002110: 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 , more robust, a\n+00002120: 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c nd.more powerful\n+00002130: 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e . PUPA was even\n+00002140: 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 tually renamed t\n+00002150: 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 o GRUB 2, and th\n+00002160: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 e original.versi\n+00002170: 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 on of GRUB was r\n+00002180: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c enamed to GRUB L\n+00002190: 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d egacy. Small am\n+000021a0: 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e ounts of.mainten\n+000021b0: 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 ance continued t\n+000021c0: 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 o be done on GRU\n+000021d0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 B Legacy, but th\n+000021e0: 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 e last release.(\n+000021f0: 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 0.97) was made i\n+00002200: 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 n 2005 and at th\n+00002210: 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e e time of writin\n+00002220: 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b g it seems unlik\n+00002230: 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 ely.that there w\n+00002240: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a ill be another..\n+00002250: 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 . By around 20\n+00002260: 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 07, GNU/Linux di\n+00002270: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 stributions star\n+00002280: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 ted to use GRUB \n+00002290: 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 2 to.limited ext\n+000022a0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 ents, and by the\n+000022b0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c end of 2009 mul\n+000022c0: 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 tiple major dist\n+000022d0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 ributions.were i\n+000022e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 nstalling it by \n+000022f0: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002300: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002310: 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d de: Changes from\n+00002320: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e GRUB Legacy, N\n+00002330: 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 ext: Features, \n+00002340: 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Prev: History, \n+00002350: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002360: 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 ..1.3 Difference\n+00002370: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+00002380: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d versions.=======\n 00002390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000023a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000023b0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 =..GRUB 2 is a r\n-000023c0: 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 ewrite of GRUB (\n-000023d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 *note History::)\n-000023e0: 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 , although it sh\n-000023f0: 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 ares many.charac\n-00002400: 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 teristics with t\n-00002410: 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 he previous vers\n-00002420: 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 ion, now known a\n-00002430: 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 s GRUB Legacy..U\n-00002440: 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 sers of GRUB Leg\n-00002450: 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d acy may need som\n-00002460: 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 e guidance to fi\n-00002470: 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f nd their way aro\n-00002480: 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 und.this new ver\n-00002490: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 sion... * The \n-000024a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-000024b0: 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d le has a new nam\n-000024c0: 6520 2827 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7261 e ('grub.cfg' ra\n-000024d0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 ther than. '\n-000024e0: 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 2720 6f72 2027 6772 menu.lst' or 'gr\n-000024f0: 7562 2e63 6f6e 6627 292c 206e 6577 2073 ub.conf'), new s\n-00002500: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e yntax (*note Con\n-00002510: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e figuration::) an\n-00002520: 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 d. many new \n-00002530: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n-00002540: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f Commands::). Co\n-00002550: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e nfiguration cann\n-00002560: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 ot be. copie\n-00002570: 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c d over directly,\n-00002580: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 although most G\n-00002590: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 RUB Legacy users\n-000025a0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 should not. \n-000025b0: 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 find the syntax\n-000025c0: 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e too surprising.\n-000025d0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 .. * 'grub.cfg\n-000025e0: 2720 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 ' is typically a\n-000025f0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e utomatically gen\n-00002600: 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 2767 7275 622d erated by 'grub-\n-00002610: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 270a 2020 2020 2028 mkconfig'. (\n-00002620: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00002630: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n-00002640: 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 This makes it ea\n-00002650: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 sier to handle. \n-00002660: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 versioned ke\n-00002670: 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a rnel upgrades...\n-00002680: 2020 202a 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e * Partition n\n-00002690: 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 umbers in GRUB d\n-000026a0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 evice names now \n-000026b0: 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 start at 1, not \n-000026c0: 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 0 (*note. 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'gr\n-00002810: 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 2720 7574 696c ub-editenv' util\n-00002820: 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ity. This is no\n-00002830: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 t available in a\n-00002840: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ll. configur\n-00002850: 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e ations (*note En\n-00002860: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-00002870: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 :)... * GRUB 2\n-00002880: 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 has more reliab\n-00002890: 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 le ways to find \n-000028a0: 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e its own files an\n-000028b0: 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 d those of. \n-000028c0: 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f target kernels o\n-000028d0: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 n multiple-disk \n-000028e0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 systems, and has\n-000028f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n-00002900: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 . search::) \n-00002910: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 to find devices \n-00002920: 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 using file syste\n-00002930: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 m labels or Univ\n-00002940: 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 ersally. Uni\n-00002950: 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 que Identifiers \n-00002960: 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 202a 2047 (UUIDs)... * G\n-00002970: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 RUB 2 is availab\n-00002980: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f le for several o\n-00002990: 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 ther types of sy\n-000029a0: 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e stem in addition\n-000029b0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 . to the PC \n-000029c0: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 BIOS systems sup\n-000029d0: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c ported by GRUB L\n-000029e0: 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 egacy: PC EFI, P\n-000029f0: 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c C. coreboot,\n-00002a00: 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c PowerPC, SPARC,\n-00002a10: 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 and MIPS Lemote\n-00002a20: 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c Yeeloong are al\n-00002a30: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 l. supported\n-00002a40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 ... * Many mor\n-00002a50: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 e file systems a\n-00002a60: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e re supported, in\n-00002a70: 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 cluding but not \n-00002a80: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 limited to. \n-00002a90: 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 ext4, HFS+, and \n-00002aa0: 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 NTFS... * GRUB\n-00002ab0: 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 2 can read file\n-00002ac0: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 s directly from \n-00002ad0: 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 LVM and RAID dev\n-00002ae0: 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6772 ices... * A gr\n-00002af0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-00002b00: 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c and a graphical\n-00002b10: 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 menu system are\n-00002b20: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-00002b30: 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 * GRUB 2's inter\n-00002b40: 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e face can be tran\n-00002b50: 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e slated, includin\n-00002b60: 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d g menu entry nam\n-00002b70: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 696d es... * The im\n-00002b80: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 age files (*note\n-00002b90: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 Images::) that \n-00002ba0: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 make up GRUB hav\n-00002bb0: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 e been. reor\n-00002bc0: 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 ganised; Stage 1\n-00002bd0: 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 , Stage 1.5, and\n-00002be0: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 Stage 2 are no \n-00002bf0: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 more... * GRUB\n-00002c00: 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 2 puts many fac\n-00002c10: 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d ilities in dynam\n-00002c20: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f ically loaded mo\n-00002c30: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a dules, allowing.\n-00002c40: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d the core im\n-00002c50: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 age to be smalle\n-00002c60: 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 r, and allowing \n-00002c70: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 the core image t\n-00002c80: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 o be. built \n-00002c90: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 in more flexible\n-00002ca0: 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ways.....File: \n-00002cb0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00002cc0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 : Features, Nex\n-00002cd0: 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f t: Role of a boo\n-00002ce0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t loader, Prev:\n-00002cf0: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n-00002d00: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 UB Legacy, Up: \n-00002d10: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n-00002d20: 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 4 GRUB features.\n-00002d30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002d40: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 =..The primary r\n-00002d50: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 equirement for G\n-00002d60: 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 RUB is that it b\n-00002d70: 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 e compliant with\n-00002d80: 2074 6865 0a22 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 the.\"Multiboot \n-00002d90: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e22 2c20 Specification\", \n-00002da0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 which is describ\n-00002db0: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 ed in *note Mult\n-00002dc0: 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot.Specificat\n-00002dd0: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n-00002de0: 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 Top... The oth\n-00002df0: 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 er goals, listed\n-00002e00: 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 in approximate \n-00002e10: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 order of importa\n-00002e20: 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 nce, are:.. * \n-00002e30: 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 Basic functions \n-00002e40: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 must be straight\n-00002e50: 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d forward for end-\n-00002e60: 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2052 6963 users... * Ric\n-00002e70: 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 h functionality \n-00002e80: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 to support kerne\n-00002e90: 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 l experts and de\n-00002ea0: 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2042 signers... * B\n-00002eb0: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n-00002ec0: 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e ility for bootin\n-00002ed0: 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 g FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00002ee0: 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a D, OpenBSD, and.\n-00002ef0: 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f Linux. Pro\n-00002f00: 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 prietary kernels\n-00002f10: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 (such as DOS, W\n-00002f20: 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f indows NT, and O\n-00002f30: 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 S/2) are. su\n-00002f40: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 pported via a ch\n-00002f50: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 ain-loading func\n-00002f60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 tion... Except\n-00002f70: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f for specific co\n-00002f80: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 mpatibility mode\n-00002f90: 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 s (chain-loading\n-00002fa0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a22 and the Linux.\"\n-00002fb0: 7069 6767 7962 6163 6b22 2066 6f72 6d61 piggyback\" forma\n-00002fc0: 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 t), all kernels \n-00002fd0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 will be started \n-00002fe0: 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 in much the same\n-00002ff0: 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 state.as in the\n-00003000: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 Multiboot Speci\n-00003010: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 fication. Only \n-00003020: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 kernels loaded a\n-00003030: 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a t 1 megabyte or.\n-00003040: 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e above are presen\n-00003050: 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 tly supported. \n-00003060: 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c Any attempt to l\n-00003070: 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 oad below that b\n-00003080: 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d oundary.will sim\n-00003090: 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d ply result in im\n-000030a0: 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 mediate failure \n-000030b0: 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 and an error mes\n-000030c0: 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 sage reporting.t\n-000030d0: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 he problem... \n-000030e0: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 In addition to t\n-000030f0: 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 he requirements \n-00003100: 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 above, GRUB has \n-00003110: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 the following.fe\n-00003120: 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 atures (note tha\n-00003130: 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t the Multiboot \n-00003140: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f Specification do\n-00003150: 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c esn't require al\n-00003160: 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 l the.features t\n-00003170: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 hat GRUB support\n-00003180: 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d s):..Recognize m\n-00003190: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 ultiple executab\n-000031a0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 le formats. \n-000031b0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 Support many of \n-000031c0: 7468 6520 2261 2e6f 7574 2220 7661 7269 the \"a.out\" vari\n-000031d0: 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 2245 4c46 222e ants plus \"ELF\".\n-000031e0: 2053 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 Symbol tables a\n-000031f0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 re. also loa\n-00003200: 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f ded...Support no\n-00003210: 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e n-Multiboot kern\n-00003220: 656c 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 els. 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S\n-00003390: 7570 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 upport a human-r\n-000033a0: 6561 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e eadable text con\n-000033b0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000033c0: 7769 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 with preset boot\n-000033d0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 . commands. \n-000033e0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f You can also lo\n-000033f0: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 ad another confi\n-00003400: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 guration file dy\n-00003410: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 namically. a\n-00003420: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 nd embed a prese\n-00003430: 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 t configuration \n-00003440: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 file in a GRUB i\n-00003450: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a mage file. The.\n-00003460: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d list of com\n-00003470: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d mands (*note Com\n-00003480: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 mands::) are a s\n-00003490: 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 uperset of those\n-000034a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 . supported \n-000034b0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c on the command-l\n-000034c0: 696e 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ine. An example\n-000034d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-000034e0: 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 ile is. prov\n-000034f0: 6964 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f ided in *note Co\n-00003500: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nfiguration::...\n-00003510: 5072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 Provide a menu i\n-00003520: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nterface. A \n-00003530: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c menu interface l\n-00003540: 6973 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f isting preset bo\n-00003550: 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 ot commands, wit\n-00003560: 6820 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 h a programmable\n-00003570: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 . timeout, i\n-00003580: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 s available. Th\n-00003590: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 ere is no fixed \n-000035a0: 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d limit on the num\n-000035b0: 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 ber of. boot\n-000035c0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 entries, and th\n-000035d0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d e current implem\n-000035e0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 entation has spa\n-000035f0: 6365 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 ce for several. \n-00003600: 2020 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 hundred...Ha\n-00003610: 7665 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f ve a flexible co\n-00003620: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-00003630: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 face. A fair\n-00003640: 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d ly flexible comm\n-00003650: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-00003660: 6365 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 ce, accessible f\n-00003670: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 rom the menu,. \n-00003680: 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 is available \n-00003690: 746f 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 to edit any pres\n-000036a0: 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 et commands, or \n-000036b0: 7772 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 write a new boot\n-000036c0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 . command se\n-000036d0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 t from scratch. \n-000036e0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 If no configura\n-000036f0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 tion file is pre\n-00003700: 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 sent,. GRUB \n-00003710: 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d drops to the com\n-00003720: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 mand-line... \n-00003730: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d The list of com\n-00003740: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d mands (*note Com\n-00003750: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 mands::) are a s\n-00003760: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 ubset of those. \n-00003770: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f supported fo\n-00003780: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 r configuration \n-00003790: 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 files. Editing \n-000037a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 commands closely\n-000037b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 . resembles \n-000037c0: 7468 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the Bash command\n-000037d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 -line (*note Bas\n-000037e0: 683a 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d h: (features)Com\n-000037f0: 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 mand Line. E\n-00003800: 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c diting.), with <\n-00003810: 5441 423e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 TAB>-completion \n-00003820: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 of commands, dev\n-00003830: 6963 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 ices, partitions\n-00003840: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 ,. and files\n-00003850: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 in a directory \n-00003860: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e depending on con\n-00003870: 7465 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d text...Support m\n-00003880: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ultiple filesyst\n-00003890: 656d 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 em types. Su\n-000038a0: 7070 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 pport multiple f\n-000038b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 ilesystem types \n-000038c0: 7472 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 transparently, p\n-000038d0: 6c75 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 lus a useful. \n-000038e0: 2020 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b explicit block\n-000038f0: 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 list notation. \n-00003900: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 The currently su\n-00003910: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 pported filesyst\n-00003920: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 em. types ar\n-00003930: 6520 2241 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 e \"Amiga Fast Fi\n-00003940: 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 2922 leSystem (AFFS)\"\n-00003950: 2c20 2241 7468 654f 5320 6673 222c 2022 , \"AtheOS fs\", \"\n-00003960: 4265 4653 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2242 7472 BeFS\",. \"Btr\n-00003970: 4653 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 FS\" (including r\n-00003980: 6169 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 aid0, raid1, rai\n-00003990: 6431 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a d10, gzip and lz\n-000039a0: 6f29 2c20 2263 7069 6f22 0a20 2020 2020 o), \"cpio\". \n-000039b0: 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 (little- and big\n-000039c0: 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 -endian bin, odc\n-000039d0: 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e and newc varian\n-000039e0: 7473 292c 2022 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 ts), \"Linux. \n-000039f0: 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 3422 ext2/ext3/ext4\"\n-00003a00: 2c20 2244 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 , \"DOS FAT12/FAT\n-00003a10: 3136 2f46 4154 3332 222c 2022 6578 4641 16/FAT32\", \"exFA\n-00003a20: 5422 2c20 2246 3246 5322 2c20 2248 4653 T\", \"F2FS\", \"HFS\n-00003a30: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2248 4653 2b22 2c20 \",. \"HFS+\", \n-00003a40: 2249 534f 3936 3630 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 \"ISO9660\" (inclu\n-00003a50: 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 ding Joliet, Roc\n-00003a60: 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 k-ridge and mult\n-00003a70: 692d 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c i-chunk. fil\n-00003a80: 6573 292c 2022 4a46 5322 2c20 224d 696e es), \"JFS\", \"Min\n-00003a90: 6978 2066 7322 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 ix fs\" (versions\n-00003aa0: 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 226e 1, 2 and 3), \"n\n-00003ab0: 696c 6673 3222 2c20 224e 5446 5322 0a20 ilfs2\", \"NTFS\". \n-00003ac0: 2020 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 (including c\n-00003ad0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 2022 5265 ompression), \"Re\n-00003ae0: 6973 6572 4653 222c 2022 524f 4d46 5322 iserFS\", \"ROMFS\"\n-00003af0: 2c20 2241 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 , \"Amiga Smart. \n-00003b00: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 FileSystem (\n-00003b10: 5346 5329 222c 2022 5371 7561 7368 3422 SFS)\", \"Squash4\"\n-00003b20: 2c20 2274 6172 222c 2022 5544 4622 2c20 , \"tar\", \"UDF\", \n-00003b30: 2242 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 3222 2c20 \"BSD UFS/UFS2\", \n-00003b40: 2258 4653 222c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 \"XFS\",. and \n-00003b50: 225a 4653 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 \"ZFS\" (including\n-00003b60: 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 lzjb, gzip, zle\n-00003b70: 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 , mirror, stripe\n-00003b80: 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 , raidz1/2/3. \n-00003b90: 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e and encryption\n-00003ba0: 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 in AES-CCM and \n-00003bb0: 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 AES-GCM). *Note \n-00003bc0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f Filesystem::, fo\n-00003bd0: 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f r. more info\n-00003be0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 rmation...Suppor\n-00003bf0: 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f t automatic deco\n-00003c00: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 mpression. C\n-00003c10: 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 an decompress fi\n-00003c20: 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 les which were c\n-00003c30: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 2027 677a ompressed by 'gz\n-00003c40: 6970 2720 6f72 2027 787a 2728 3229 0a20 ip' or 'xz'(2). \n-00003c50: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 (*note Featu\n-00003c60: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a res-Footnote-2::\n-00003c70: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f ). This functio\n-00003c80: 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 n is both automa\n-00003c90: 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 tic and. tra\n-00003ca0: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nsparent to the \n-00003cb0: 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 user (i.e. all \n-00003cc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 functions operat\n-00003cd0: 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e upon the. \n-00003ce0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e uncompressed con\n-00003cf0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 tents of the spe\n-00003d00: 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 cified files). \n-00003d10: 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 This greatly. \n-00003d20: 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 reduces a file\n-00003d30: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e size and loadin\n-00003d40: 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 g time, a partic\n-00003d50: 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e ularly great ben\n-00003d60: 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c efit. for fl\n-00003d70: 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f oppies.(3) (*no\n-00003d80: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n-00003d90: 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 note-3::).. \n-00003da0: 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c It is conceivabl\n-00003db0: 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e e that some kern\n-00003dc0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c el modules shoul\n-00003dd0: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 d be loaded in a\n-00003de0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 . compressed\n-00003df0: 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 state, so a dif\n-00003e00: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f ferent module-lo\n-00003e10: 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 ading command ca\n-00003e20: 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n be. specif\n-00003e30: 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 ied to avoid unc\n-00003e40: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d ompressing the m\n-00003e50: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 odules...Access \n-00003e60: 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 data on any inst\n-00003e70: 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 alled device. \n-00003e80: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e Support readin\n-00003e90: 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 g data from any \n-00003ea0: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 or all floppies \n-00003eb0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a or hard disk(s).\n-00003ec0: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 recognized \n-00003ed0: 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 by the BIOS, ind\n-00003ee0: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 ependent of the \n-00003ef0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 setting of the r\n-00003f00: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e oot. device.\n-00003f10: 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 ..Be independent\n-00003f20: 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 of drive geomet\n-00003f30: 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a ry translations.\n-00003f40: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 Unlike many\n-00003f50: 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 other boot load\n-00003f60: 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 ers, GRUB makes \n-00003f70: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 the particular d\n-00003f80: 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c rive. transl\n-00003f90: 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 ation irrelevant\n-00003fa0: 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 . A drive insta\n-00003fb0: 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 lled and running\n-00003fc0: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 with one. t\n-00003fd0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 ranslation may b\n-00003fe0: 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 e converted to a\n-00003ff0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 nother translati\n-00004000: 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 on without any. \n-00004010: 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 adverse effe\n-00004020: 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 cts or changes i\n-00004030: 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n GRUB's configu\n-00004040: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 ration...Detect \n-00004050: 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 all installed RA\n-00004060: 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 M. GRUB can \n-00004070: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 generally find a\n-00004080: 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 ll the installed\n-00004090: 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d RAM on a PC-com\n-000040a0: 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 patible. mac\n-000040b0: 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 hine. It uses a\n-000040c0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 n advanced BIOS \n-000040d0: 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 query technique \n-000040e0: 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a for finding all.\n-000040f0: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 memory regi\n-00004100: 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 ons. As describ\n-00004110: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 ed on the Multib\n-00004120: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00004130: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 n (*note. Mu\n-00004140: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00004150: 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ation: (multiboo\n-00004160: 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c t)Top.), not all\n-00004170: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 kernels make us\n-00004180: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 e. of this i\n-00004190: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 nformation, but \n-000041a0: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 GRUB provides it\n-000041b0: 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 for those who d\n-000041c0: 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 o...Support Logi\n-000041d0: 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 cal Block Addres\n-000041e0: 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 s mode. In t\n-000041f0: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 raditional disk \n-00004200: 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 2243 calls (called \"C\n-00004210: 4853 206d 6f64 6522 292c 2074 6865 7265 HS mode\"), there\n-00004220: 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 is a geometry. \n-00004230: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n-00004240: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 problem, that is\n-00004250: 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f , the BIOS canno\n-00004260: 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 t access over 10\n-00004270: 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 24. cylinder\n-00004280: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 s, so the access\n-00004290: 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 ible space is li\n-000042a0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 mited to at leas\n-000042b0: 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e t 508 MB. an\n-000042c0: 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 d to at most 8GB\n-000042d0: 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 . GRUB can't uni\n-000042e0: 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 versally solve t\n-000042f0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a his problem, as.\n-00004300: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f there is no\n-00004310: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 standard interf\n-00004320: 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 ace used in all \n-00004330: 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 machines. Howev\n-00004340: 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c er,. several\n-00004350: 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 newer machines \n-00004360: 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 have the new int\n-00004370: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 erface, Logical \n-00004380: 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 Block. Addre\n-00004390: 7373 2028 224c 4241 2229 206d 6f64 652e ss (\"LBA\") mode.\n-000043a0: 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 GRUB automatic\n-000043b0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 ally detects if \n-000043c0: 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 LBA mode is. \n-000043d0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 available and u\n-000043e0: 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 ses it if availa\n-000043f0: 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 ble. In LBA mod\n-00004400: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 e, GRUB can acce\n-00004410: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 ss. the enti\n-00004420: 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 re disk...Suppor\n-00004430: 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e t network bootin\n-00004440: 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 g. GRUB is b\n-00004450: 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d asically a disk-\n-00004460: 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 based boot loade\n-00004470: 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e r but also has n\n-00004480: 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 etwork. supp\n-00004490: 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ort. You can lo\n-000044a0: 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f ad OS images fro\n-000044b0: 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 m a network by u\n-000044c0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2022 5446 5450 220a sing the \"TFTP\".\n-000044d0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a protocol...\n-000044e0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 Support remote t\n-000044f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f erminals. To\n-00004500: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 support compute\n-00004510: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f rs with no conso\n-00004520: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 le, GRUB provide\n-00004530: 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s remote termina\n-00004540: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 l. support, \n-00004550: 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 so that you can \n-00004560: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f control GRUB fro\n-00004570: 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e m a remote host.\n-00004580: 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 Only. seri\n-00004590: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n-000045a0: 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ort is implement\n-000045b0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 ed at the moment\n-000045c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000045d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 info, Node: Fea\n-000045e0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c tures-Footnotes,\n-000045f0: 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a Up: Features..\n-00004600: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 (1) The NetBS\n-00004610: 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 D/i386 kernel is\n-00004620: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-00004630: 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 iant, but lacks \n-00004640: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 support.for Mult\n-00004650: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a iboot modules...\n-00004660: 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 (2) Only CRC3\n-00004670: 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2 data integrity\n-00004680: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 check is suppor\n-00004690: 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 ted (xz default \n-000046a0: 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 is CRC64.so one \n-000046b0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 should use -chec\n-000046c0: 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e k=crc32 option).\n-000046d0: 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 LZMA BCJ filte\n-000046e0: 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 rs are supported\n-000046f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 ... (3) There \n-00004700: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c are a few pathol\n-00004710: 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 ogical cases whe\n-00004720: 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 re loading a ver\n-00004730: 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 y badly.organize\n-00004740: 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 d ELF kernel mig\n-00004750: 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 ht take longer, \n-00004760: 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 but in practice \n-00004770: 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 this never.happe\n-00004780: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00004790: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n-000047a0: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n-000047b0: 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 der, Prev: Feat\n-000047c0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f ures, Up: Intro\n-000047d0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 duction..1.5 The\n-000047e0: 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 role of a boot \n-000047f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d loader.=========\n+000023a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000023b0: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 .GRUB 2 is a rew\n+000023c0: 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e rite of GRUB (*n\n+000023d0: 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 ote History::), \n+000023e0: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 although it shar\n+000023f0: 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 es many.characte\n+00002400: 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 ristics with the\n+00002410: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+00002420: 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 n, now known as \n+00002430: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 GRUB Legacy..Use\n+00002440: 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 rs of GRUB Legac\n+00002450: 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 y may need some \n+00002460: 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 guidance to find\n+00002470: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e their way aroun\n+00002480: 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 d.this new versi\n+00002490: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f on... * The co\n+000024a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000024b0: 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 has a new name \n+000024c0: 2827 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7261 7468 ('grub.cfg' rath\n+000024d0: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6d65 er than. 'me\n+000024e0: 6e75 2e6c 7374 2720 6f72 2027 6772 7562 nu.lst' or 'grub\n+000024f0: 2e63 6f6e 6627 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e .conf'), new syn\n+00002500: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 tax (*note Confi\n+00002510: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a guration::) and.\n+00002520: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f many new co\n+00002530: 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f mmands (*note Co\n+00002540: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 mmands::). Conf\n+00002550: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 iguration cannot\n+00002560: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 be. copied \n+00002570: 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 over directly, a\n+00002580: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 lthough most GRU\n+00002590: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 B Legacy users s\n+000025a0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 hould not. f\n+000025b0: 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 ind the syntax t\n+000025c0: 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a oo surprising...\n+000025d0: 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 * 'grub.cfg' \n+000025e0: 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 is typically aut\n+000025f0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 omatically gener\n+00002600: 6174 6564 2062 7920 2767 7275 622d 6d6b ated by 'grub-mk\n+00002610: 636f 6e66 6967 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e config'. (*n\n+00002620: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n+00002630: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 guration::). Th\n+00002640: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 is makes it easi\n+00002650: 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 er to handle. \n+00002660: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e versioned kern\n+00002670: 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 el upgrades... \n+00002680: 202a 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d * Partition num\n+00002690: 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 bers in GRUB dev\n+000026a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 ice names now st\n+000026b0: 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 art at 1, not 0 \n+000026c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 (*note. Nami\n+000026d0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+000026e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f 6e66 ... * The conf\n+000026f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+00002700: 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e s now written in\n+00002710: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 something close\n+00002720: 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 r to a full. \n+00002730: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n+00002740: 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 age: variables, \n+00002750: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e conditionals, an\n+00002760: 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 d loops are. \n+00002770: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n+00002780: 2a20 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 * A small amount\n+00002790: 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 of persistent s\n+000027a0: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 torage is availa\n+000027b0: 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f ble across reboo\n+000027c0: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ts,. using t\n+000027d0: 6865 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 616e he 'save_env' an\n+000027e0: 6420 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d d 'load_env' com\n+000027f0: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e mands in GRUB an\n+00002800: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 d the. 'grub\n+00002810: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 2720 7574 696c 6974 -editenv' utilit\n+00002820: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 y. This is not \n+00002830: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c available in all\n+00002840: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+00002850: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+00002860: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+00002870: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2068 ... * GRUB 2 h\n+00002880: 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 as more reliable\n+00002890: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 ways to find it\n+000028a0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 s own files and \n+000028b0: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 those of. ta\n+000028c0: 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 rget kernels on \n+000028d0: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 multiple-disk sy\n+000028e0: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 stems, and has c\n+000028f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ommands (*note. \n+00002900: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f search::) to\n+00002910: 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 find devices us\n+00002920: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ing file system \n+00002930: 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 labels or Univer\n+00002940: 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 sally. Uniqu\n+00002950: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 e Identifiers (U\n+00002960: 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 202a 2047 5255 UIDs)... * GRU\n+00002970: 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 B 2 is available\n+00002980: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 for several oth\n+00002990: 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 er types of syst\n+000029a0: 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 em in addition. \n+000029b0: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 to the PC BI\n+000029c0: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f OS systems suppo\n+000029d0: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 rted by GRUB Leg\n+000029e0: 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a acy: PC EFI, PC.\n+000029f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 coreboot, P\n+00002a00: 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 owerPC, SPARC, a\n+00002a10: 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 nd MIPS Lemote Y\n+00002a20: 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a eeloong are all.\n+00002a30: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a supported..\n+00002a40: 0a20 2020 2a20 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 . * Many more \n+00002a50: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 file systems are\n+00002a60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c supported, incl\n+00002a70: 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 uding but not li\n+00002a80: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 mited to. ex\n+00002a90: 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 t4, HFS+, and NT\n+00002aa0: 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 FS... * GRUB 2\n+00002ab0: 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 can read files \n+00002ac0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 directly from LV\n+00002ad0: 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 M and RAID devic\n+00002ae0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6772 6170 es... * A grap\n+00002af0: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 hical terminal a\n+00002b00: 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d nd a graphical m\n+00002b10: 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 enu system are a\n+00002b20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 vailable... * \n+00002b30: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 GRUB 2's interfa\n+00002b40: 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c ce can be transl\n+00002b50: 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ated, including \n+00002b60: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 menu entry names\n+00002b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 696d 6167 ... * The imag\n+00002b80: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 e files (*note I\n+00002b90: 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 mages::) that ma\n+00002ba0: 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 ke up GRUB have \n+00002bb0: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 been. reorga\n+00002bc0: 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 nised; Stage 1, \n+00002bd0: 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 Stage 1.5, and S\n+00002be0: 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f tage 2 are no mo\n+00002bf0: 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 re... * GRUB 2\n+00002c00: 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c puts many facil\n+00002c10: 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 ities in dynamic\n+00002c20: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 ally loaded modu\n+00002c30: 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 les, allowing. \n+00002c40: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 the core imag\n+00002c50: 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c e to be smaller,\n+00002c60: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 and allowing th\n+00002c70: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 e core image to \n+00002c80: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e be. built in\n+00002c90: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n+00002ca0: 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ays.....File: gr\n+00002cb0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002cc0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Features, Next:\n+00002cd0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00002ce0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 loader, Prev: C\n+00002cf0: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00002d00: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e Legacy, Up: In\n+00002d10: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 troduction..1.4 \n+00002d20: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d GRUB features.==\n+00002d30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00002d40: 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 .The primary req\n+00002d50: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 uirement for GRU\n+00002d60: 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 B is that it be \n+00002d70: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 compliant with t\n+00002d80: 6865 0a22 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 he.\"Multiboot Sp\n+00002d90: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e22 2c20 7768 ecification\", wh\n+00002da0: 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ich is described\n+00002db0: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 in *note Multib\n+00002dc0: 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot.Specificatio\n+00002dd0: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n+00002de0: 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 p... The other\n+00002df0: 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 goals, listed i\n+00002e00: 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 n approximate or\n+00002e10: 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 der of importanc\n+00002e20: 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4261 e, are:.. * Ba\n+00002e30: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n+00002e40: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n+00002e50: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n+00002e60: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2052 6963 6820 ers... * Rich \n+00002e70: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n+00002e80: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 support kernel \n+00002e90: 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 experts and desi\n+00002ea0: 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2042 6163 gners... * Bac\n+00002eb0: 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c kward compatibil\n+00002ec0: 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ity for booting \n+00002ed0: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c FreeBSD, NetBSD,\n+00002ee0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 OpenBSD, and. \n+00002ef0: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 Linux. Propr\n+00002f00: 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 ietary kernels (\n+00002f10: 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e such as DOS, Win\n+00002f20: 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f dows NT, and OS/\n+00002f30: 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 2) are. supp\n+00002f40: 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 orted via a chai\n+00002f50: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 n-loading functi\n+00002f60: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 on... Except f\n+00002f70: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 or specific comp\n+00002f80: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 atibility modes \n+00002f90: 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 (chain-loading a\n+00002fa0: 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a22 7069 nd the Linux.\"pi\n+00002fb0: 6767 7962 6163 6b22 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 ggyback\" format)\n+00002fc0: 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 , all kernels wi\n+00002fd0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e ll be started in\n+00002fe0: 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 much the same s\n+00002ff0: 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d tate.as in the M\n+00003000: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n+00003010: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 cation. Only ke\n+00003020: 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7420 rnels loaded at \n+00003030: 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a 6162 1 megabyte or.ab\n+00003040: 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e 746c ove are presentl\n+00003050: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 416e y supported. An\n+00003060: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f61 y attempt to loa\n+00003070: 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 6f75 d below that bou\n+00003080: 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d 706c ndary.will simpl\n+00003090: 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 y result in imme\n+000030a0: 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 616e diate failure an\n+000030b0: 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 d an error messa\n+000030c0: 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 ge reporting.the\n+000030d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e problem... In\n+000030e0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 addition to the\n+000030f0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 requirements ab\n+00003100: 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 ove, GRUB has th\n+00003110: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 e following.feat\n+00003120: 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ures (note that \n+00003130: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00003140: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 ecification does\n+00003150: 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 n't require all \n+00003160: 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 the.features tha\n+00003170: 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 t GRUB supports)\n+00003180: 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c :..Recognize mul\n+00003190: 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 tiple executable\n+000031a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 formats. Su\n+000031b0: 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 pport many of th\n+000031c0: 6520 2261 2e6f 7574 2220 7661 7269 616e e \"a.out\" varian\n+000031d0: 7473 2070 6c75 7320 2245 4c46 222e 2053 ts plus \"ELF\". S\n+000031e0: 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 ymbol tables are\n+000031f0: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 . also loade\n+00003200: 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d d...Support non-\n+00003210: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c Multiboot kernel\n+00003220: 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d s. Support m\n+00003230: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f any of the vario\n+00003240: 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b us free 32-bit k\n+00003250: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b ernels that lack\n+00003260: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n+00003270: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d compliance (prim\n+00003280: 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e arily FreeBSD, N\n+00003290: 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a etBSD(1) (*note.\n+000032a0: 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f Features-Fo\n+000032b0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 otnote-1::), Ope\n+000032c0: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 nBSD, and Linux)\n+000032d0: 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 . Chain-loading\n+000032e0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 of. other b\n+000032f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 oot loaders is a\n+00003300: 6c73 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a lso supported...\n+00003310: 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d Load multiples m\n+00003320: 6f64 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c odules. Full\n+00003330: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 y support the Mu\n+00003340: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 ltiboot feature \n+00003350: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 of loading multi\n+00003360: 706c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f ple modules...Lo\n+00003370: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n+00003380: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 on file. Sup\n+00003390: 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 port a human-rea\n+000033a0: 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 dable text confi\n+000033b0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 guration file wi\n+000033c0: 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 th preset boot. \n+000033d0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 commands. Y\n+000033e0: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 ou can also load\n+000033f0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 another configu\n+00003400: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 ration file dyna\n+00003410: 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 mically. and\n+00003420: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 embed a preset \n+00003430: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00003440: 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 le in a GRUB ima\n+00003450: 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 ge file. The. \n+00003460: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 list of comma\n+00003470: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n+00003480: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 nds::) are a sup\n+00003490: 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 erset of those. \n+000034a0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e supported on\n+000034b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000034c0: 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 e. An example c\n+000034d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000034e0: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 e is. provid\n+000034f0: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 ed in *note Conf\n+00003500: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 iguration::...Pr\n+00003510: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ovide a menu int\n+00003520: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 erface. A me\n+00003530: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n+00003540: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n+00003550: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n+00003560: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n+00003570: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n+00003580: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. Ther\n+00003590: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 e is no fixed li\n+000035a0: 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 mit on the numbe\n+000035b0: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 r of. boot e\n+000035c0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ntries, and the \n+000035d0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e current implemen\n+000035e0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 tation has space\n+000035f0: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 for several. \n+00003600: 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 hundred...Have\n+00003610: 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d a flexible comm\n+00003620: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00003630: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 ce. A fairly\n+00003640: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n+00003650: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+00003660: 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f , accessible fro\n+00003670: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 m the menu,. \n+00003680: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f is available to\n+00003690: 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 edit any preset\n+000036a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 commands, or wr\n+000036b0: 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 ite a new boot. \n+000036c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 command set \n+000036d0: 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 from scratch. I\n+000036e0: 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 f no configurati\n+000036f0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 on file is prese\n+00003700: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 nt,. GRUB dr\n+00003710: 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ops to the comma\n+00003720: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 nd-line... T\n+00003730: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 he list of comma\n+00003740: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n+00003750: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 nds::) are a sub\n+00003760: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n+00003770: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 supported for \n+00003780: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00003790: 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f les. Editing co\n+000037a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n+000037b0: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n+000037c0: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n+000037d0: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n+000037e0: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n+000037f0: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. Edi\n+00003800: 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 ting.), with -completion of\n+00003820: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 commands, devic\n+00003830: 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a es, partitions,.\n+00003840: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 and files i\n+00003850: 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 n a directory de\n+00003860: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 pending on conte\n+00003870: 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c xt...Support mul\n+00003880: 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d tiple filesystem\n+00003890: 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 types. Supp\n+000038a0: 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c ort multiple fil\n+000038b0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 esystem types tr\n+000038c0: 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 ansparently, plu\n+000038d0: 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 s a useful. \n+000038e0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 explicit blockli\n+000038f0: 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 st notation. Th\n+00003900: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 e currently supp\n+00003910: 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d orted filesystem\n+00003920: 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 . types are \n+00003930: 2241 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 \"Amiga Fast File\n+00003940: 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 2922 2c20 System (AFFS)\", \n+00003950: 2241 7468 654f 5320 6673 222c 2022 4265 \"AtheOS fs\", \"Be\n+00003960: 4653 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2242 7472 4653 FS\",. \"BtrFS\n+00003970: 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 \" (including rai\n+00003980: 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 d0, raid1, raid1\n+00003990: 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 0, gzip and lzo)\n+000039a0: 2c20 2263 7069 6f22 0a20 2020 2020 286c , \"cpio\". (l\n+000039b0: 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 ittle- and big-e\n+000039c0: 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 ndian bin, odc a\n+000039d0: 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 nd newc variants\n+000039e0: 292c 2022 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 ), \"Linux. e\n+000039f0: 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 3422 2c20 xt2/ext3/ext4\", \n+00003a00: 2244 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 \"DOS FAT12/FAT16\n+00003a10: 2f46 4154 3332 222c 2022 6578 4641 5422 /FAT32\", \"exFAT\"\n+00003a20: 2c20 2246 3246 5322 2c20 2248 4653 222c , \"F2FS\", \"HFS\",\n+00003a30: 0a20 2020 2020 2248 4653 2b22 2c20 2249 . \"HFS+\", \"I\n+00003a40: 534f 3936 3630 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 SO9660\" (includi\n+00003a50: 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d ng Joliet, Rock-\n+00003a60: 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d ridge and multi-\n+00003a70: 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 chunk. files\n+00003a80: 292c 2022 4a46 5322 2c20 224d 696e 6978 ), \"JFS\", \"Minix\n+00003a90: 2066 7322 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 fs\" (versions 1\n+00003aa0: 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 226e 696c , 2 and 3), \"nil\n+00003ab0: 6673 3222 2c20 224e 5446 5322 0a20 2020 fs2\", \"NTFS\". \n+00003ac0: 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d (including com\n+00003ad0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 2022 5265 6973 pression), \"Reis\n+00003ae0: 6572 4653 222c 2022 524f 4d46 5322 2c20 erFS\", \"ROMFS\", \n+00003af0: 2241 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 \"Amiga Smart. \n+00003b00: 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 FileSystem (SF\n+00003b10: 5329 222c 2022 5371 7561 7368 3422 2c20 S)\", \"Squash4\", \n+00003b20: 2274 6172 222c 2022 5544 4622 2c20 2242 \"tar\", \"UDF\", \"B\n+00003b30: 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 3222 2c20 2258 SD UFS/UFS2\", \"X\n+00003b40: 4653 222c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 225a FS\",. and \"Z\n+00003b50: 4653 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c FS\" (including l\n+00003b60: 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 zjb, gzip, zle, \n+00003b70: 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 mirror, stripe, \n+00003b80: 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 raidz1/2/3. \n+00003b90: 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 and encryption i\n+00003ba0: 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 n AES-CCM and AE\n+00003bb0: 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 S-GCM). *Note Fi\n+00003bc0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a lesystem::, for.\n+00003bd0: 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d more inform\n+00003be0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ation...Support \n+00003bf0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 automatic decomp\n+00003c00: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e ression. Can\n+00003c10: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 decompress file\n+00003c20: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d s which were com\n+00003c30: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 2027 677a 6970 pressed by 'gzip\n+00003c40: 2720 6f72 2027 787a 2728 3229 0a20 2020 ' or 'xz'(2). \n+00003c50: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n+00003c60: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e s-Footnote-2::).\n+00003c70: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n+00003c80: 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 is both automati\n+00003c90: 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 c and. trans\n+00003ca0: 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 parent to the us\n+00003cb0: 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 er (i.e. all fu\n+00003cc0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nctions operate \n+00003cd0: 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e upon the. un\n+00003ce0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 compressed conte\n+00003cf0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 nts of the speci\n+00003d00: 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 fied files). Th\n+00003d10: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is greatly. \n+00003d20: 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 reduces a file s\n+00003d30: 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ize and loading \n+00003d40: 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c time, a particul\n+00003d50: 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 arly great benef\n+00003d60: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 it. for flop\n+00003d70: 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 pies.(3) (*note\n+00003d80: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003d90: 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 te-3::).. It\n+00003da0: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 is conceivable \n+00003db0: 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c that some kernel\n+00003dc0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 modules should \n+00003dd0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 be loaded in a. \n+00003de0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 compressed s\n+00003df0: 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 tate, so a diffe\n+00003e00: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 rent module-load\n+00003e10: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ing command can \n+00003e20: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n+00003e30: 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d d to avoid uncom\n+00003e40: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 pressing the mod\n+00003e50: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 ules...Access da\n+00003e60: 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c ta on any instal\n+00003e70: 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 led device. \n+00003e80: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 Support reading \n+00003e90: 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 data from any or\n+00003ea0: 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 all floppies or\n+00003eb0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 hard disk(s). \n+00003ec0: 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 recognized by\n+00003ed0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 the BIOS, indep\n+00003ee0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 endent of the se\n+00003ef0: 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f tting of the roo\n+00003f00: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n+00003f10: 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f Be independent o\n+00003f20: 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 f drive geometry\n+00003f30: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 translations. \n+00003f40: 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f Unlike many o\n+00003f50: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n+00003f60: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 s, GRUB makes th\n+00003f70: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 e particular dri\n+00003f80: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ve. translat\n+00003f90: 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 ion irrelevant. \n+00003fa0: 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c A drive install\n+00003fb0: 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 ed and running w\n+00003fc0: 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 ith one. tra\n+00003fd0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 nslation may be \n+00003fe0: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f converted to ano\n+00003ff0: 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e ther translation\n+00004000: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 without any. \n+00004010: 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 adverse effect\n+00004020: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 s or changes in \n+00004030: 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 GRUB's configura\n+00004040: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c tion...Detect al\n+00004050: 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a l installed RAM.\n+00004060: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 GRUB can ge\n+00004070: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c nerally find all\n+00004080: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 the installed R\n+00004090: 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 AM on a PC-compa\n+000040a0: 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 tible. machi\n+000040b0: 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 ne. It uses an \n+000040c0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 advanced BIOS qu\n+000040d0: 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f ery technique fo\n+000040e0: 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 r finding all. \n+000040f0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e memory region\n+00004100: 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 s. As described\n+00004110: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f on the Multiboo\n+00004120: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00004130: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 (*note. Mult\n+00004140: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00004150: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n+00004160: 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b Top.), not all k\n+00004170: 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a ernels make use.\n+00004180: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 of this inf\n+00004190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 ormation, but GR\n+000041a0: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 UB provides it f\n+000041b0: 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e or those who do.\n+000041c0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 ..Support Logica\n+000041d0: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 l Block Address \n+000041e0: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 mode. In tra\n+000041f0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 ditional disk ca\n+00004200: 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 2243 4853 lls (called \"CHS\n+00004210: 206d 6f64 6522 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 mode\"), there i\n+00004220: 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 s a geometry. \n+00004230: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 translation pr\n+00004240: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 oblem, that is, \n+00004250: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 the BIOS cannot \n+00004260: 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 access over 1024\n+00004270: 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c . cylinders,\n+00004280: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 so the accessib\n+00004290: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 le space is limi\n+000042a0: 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ted to at least \n+000042b0: 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 508 MB. and \n+000042c0: 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 to at most 8GB. \n+000042d0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 GRUB can't unive\n+000042e0: 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 rsally solve thi\n+000042f0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 s problem, as. \n+00004300: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 there is no s\n+00004310: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 tandard interfac\n+00004320: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 e used in all ma\n+00004330: 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 chines. However\n+00004340: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n+00004350: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n+00004360: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n+00004370: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n+00004380: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n+00004390: 2028 224c 4241 2229 206d 6f64 652e 2020 (\"LBA\") mode. \n+000043a0: 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c GRUB automatical\n+000043b0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 ly detects if LB\n+000043c0: 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 A mode is. a\n+000043d0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 vailable and use\n+000043e0: 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c s it if availabl\n+000043f0: 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c e. In LBA mode,\n+00004400: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 GRUB can access\n+00004410: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 . the entire\n+00004420: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 disk...Support \n+00004430: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a network booting.\n+00004440: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 GRUB is bas\n+00004450: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 ically a disk-ba\n+00004460: 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 sed boot loader \n+00004470: 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 but also has net\n+00004480: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 work. suppor\n+00004490: 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 t. You can load\n+000044a0: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n+000044b0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 a network by usi\n+000044c0: 6e67 2074 6865 2022 5446 5450 220a 2020 ng the \"TFTP\". \n+000044d0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 protocol...Su\n+000044e0: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 pport remote ter\n+000044f0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 minals. To s\n+00004500: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 upport computers\n+00004510: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 with no console\n+00004520: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n+00004530: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a remote terminal.\n+00004540: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f support, so\n+00004550: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f that you can co\n+00004560: 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 ntrol GRUB from \n+00004570: 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 a remote host. \n+00004580: 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c Only. serial\n+00004590: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n+000045a0: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 t is implemented\n+000045b0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a at the moment..\n+000045c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000045d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 fo, Node: Featu\n+000045e0: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 res-Footnotes, \n+000045f0: 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 Up: Features.. \n+00004600: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f (1) The NetBSD/\n+00004610: 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d i386 kernel is M\n+00004620: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n+00004630: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 nt, but lacks su\n+00004640: 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 pport.for Multib\n+00004650: 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 oot modules... \n+00004660: 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 (2) Only CRC32 \n+00004670: 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 data integrity c\n+00004680: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 heck is supporte\n+00004690: 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 d (xz default is\n+000046a0: 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 CRC64.so one sh\n+000046b0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d ould use -check=\n+000046c0: 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 crc32 option). \n+000046d0: 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 LZMA BCJ filters\n+000046e0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a are supported..\n+000046f0: 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 . (3) There ar\n+00004700: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 e a few patholog\n+00004710: 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 ical cases where\n+00004720: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 loading a very \n+00004730: 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 badly.organized \n+00004740: 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 ELF kernel might\n+00004750: 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 take longer, bu\n+00004760: 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 t in practice th\n+00004770: 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e is never.happen.\n+00004780: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004790: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 nfo, Node: Role\n+000047a0: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+000047b0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 r, Prev: Featur\n+000047c0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 es, Up: Introdu\n+000047d0: 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 ction..1.5 The r\n+000047e0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+000047f0: 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ader.===========\n 00004800: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004810: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ====..The follow\n-00004820: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 ing is a quotati\n-00004830: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d on from Gordon M\n-00004840: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 atzigkeit, a GRU\n-00004850: 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 B fanatic:.. \n-00004860: 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b Some people lik\n-00004870: 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 e to acknowledge\n-00004880: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 both the operat\n-00004890: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 ing system and. \n-000048a0: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 kernel when \n-000048b0: 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 they talk about \n-000048c0: 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c their computers,\n-000048d0: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 so they might s\n-000048e0: 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ay they. use\n-000048f0: 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 \"GNU/Linux\" or \n-00004900: 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 \"GNU/Hurd\". Oth\n-00004910: 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 er people seem t\n-00004920: 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 o think that the\n-00004930: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 . kernel is \n-00004940: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n-00004950: 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 nt part of the s\n-00004960: 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c ystem, so they l\n-00004970: 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c ike to. call\n-00004980: 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 their GNU opera\n-00004990: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 ting systems \"Li\n-000049a0: 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 nux systems.\".. \n-000049b0: 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c I, personall\n-000049c0: 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 y, believe that \n-000049d0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 this is a grave \n-000049e0: 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 injustice, becau\n-000049f0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f se the. _boo\n-00004a00: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 t loader_ is the\n-00004a10: 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 most important \n-00004a20: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e software of all.\n-00004a30: 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 I used to. \n-00004a40: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refer to the ab\n-00004a50: 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 ove systems as e\n-00004a60: 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 ither \"LILO\"(1) \n-00004a70: 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 (*note Role of a\n-00004a80: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00004a90: 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 r-Footnote-1::) \n-00004aa0: 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d or \"GRUB\" system\n-00004ab0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 s... Unfortu\n-00004ac0: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 nately, nobody e\n-00004ad0: 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 ver understood w\n-00004ae0: 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e hat I was talkin\n-00004af0: 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 g about; now. \n-00004b00: 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 I just use the\n-00004b10: 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 word \"GNU\" as a\n-00004b20: 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 pseudonym for G\n-00004b30: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 RUB... So, i\n-00004b40: 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 f you ever hear \n-00004b50: 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 people talking a\n-00004b60: 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 bout their alleg\n-00004b70: 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 ed \"GNU\". sy\n-00004b80: 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 stems, remember \n-00004b90: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 that they are ac\n-00004ba0: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f tually paying ho\n-00004bb0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 mage to the best\n-00004bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n-00004bd0: 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 r around... GRUB\n-00004be0: 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 !.. We, the GR\n-00004bf0: 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 UB maintainers, \n-00004c00: 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 do not (usually)\n-00004c10: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f encourage Gordo\n-00004c20: 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e n's level.of fan\n-00004c30: 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 aticism, but it \n-00004c40: 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 helps to remembe\n-00004c50: 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 r that boot load\n-00004c60: 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f ers deserve.reco\n-00004c70: 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 gnition. We hop\n-00004c80: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 e that you enjoy\n-00004c90: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 using GNU GRUB \n-00004ca0: 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 as much as we di\n-00004cb0: 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f d.writing it....\n-00004cc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004cd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Node: Role of\n-00004ce0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 a boot loader-F\n-00004cf0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 ootnotes, Up: R\n-00004d00: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00004d10: 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ader.. (1) The\n-00004d20: 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 LInux LOader, a\n-00004d30: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n-00004d40: 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 t everybody uses\n-00004d50: 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b , but nobody.lik\n-00004d60: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00004d70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n-00004d80: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00004d90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n-00004da0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00004db0: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 grub tools, Pr\n-00004dc0: 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ev: Introduction\n-00004dd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 , Up: Top..2 Na\n-00004de0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a ming convention.\n+00004810: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ==..The followin\n+00004820: 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e g is a quotation\n+00004830: 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 from Gordon Mat\n+00004840: 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 zigkeit, a GRUB \n+00004850: 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 fanatic:.. S\n+00004860: 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 ome people like \n+00004870: 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 to acknowledge b\n+00004880: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e oth the operatin\n+00004890: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 g system and. \n+000048a0: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 kernel when th\n+000048b0: 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 ey talk about th\n+000048c0: 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 eir computers, s\n+000048d0: 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 o they might say\n+000048e0: 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 they. use \"\n+000048f0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 GNU/Linux\" or \"G\n+00004900: 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 NU/Hurd\". Other\n+00004910: 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 people seem to \n+00004920: 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 think that the. \n+00004930: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 kernel is th\n+00004940: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n+00004950: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 part of the sys\n+00004960: 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b tem, so they lik\n+00004970: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 e to. call t\n+00004980: 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 heir GNU operati\n+00004990: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 ng systems \"Linu\n+000049a0: 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 x systems.\".. \n+000049b0: 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c I, personally,\n+000049c0: 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 believe that th\n+000049d0: 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e is is a grave in\n+000049e0: 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 justice, because\n+000049f0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 the. _boot \n+00004a00: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d loader_ is the m\n+00004a10: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f ost important so\n+00004a20: 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 ftware of all. \n+00004a30: 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 I used to. r\n+00004a40: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 efer to the abov\n+00004a50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 e systems as eit\n+00004a60: 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a her \"LILO\"(1) (*\n+00004a70: 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 note Role of a. \n+00004a80: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d boot loader-\n+00004a90: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 Footnote-1::) or\n+00004aa0: 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e \"GRUB\" systems.\n+00004ab0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 .. Unfortuna\n+00004ac0: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 tely, nobody eve\n+00004ad0: 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 r understood wha\n+00004ae0: 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 t I was talking \n+00004af0: 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 about; now. \n+00004b00: 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 I just use the w\n+00004b10: 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 ord \"GNU\" as a p\n+00004b20: 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 seudonym for GRU\n+00004b30: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 B... So, if \n+00004b40: 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 you ever hear pe\n+00004b50: 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f ople talking abo\n+00004b60: 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 ut their alleged\n+00004b70: 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 \"GNU\". syst\n+00004b80: 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 ems, remember th\n+00004b90: 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 at they are actu\n+00004ba0: 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 ally paying homa\n+00004bb0: 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 ge to the best. \n+00004bc0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n+00004bd0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a around... GRUB!.\n+00004be0: 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 . We, the GRUB\n+00004bf0: 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f maintainers, do\n+00004c00: 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 not (usually) e\n+00004c10: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 ncourage Gordon'\n+00004c20: 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 s level.of fanat\n+00004c30: 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 icism, but it he\n+00004c40: 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 lps to remember \n+00004c50: 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 that boot loader\n+00004c60: 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e s deserve.recogn\n+00004c70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 ition. We hope \n+00004c80: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 that you enjoy u\n+00004c90: 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 sing GNU GRUB as\n+00004ca0: 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a much as we did.\n+00004cb0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 writing it.....F\n+00004cc0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00004cd0: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Node: Role of a\n+00004ce0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f boot loader-Foo\n+00004cf0: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c tnotes, Up: Rol\n+00004d00: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+00004d10: 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c er.. (1) The L\n+00004d20: 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 Inux LOader, a b\n+00004d30: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 oot loader that \n+00004d40: 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 everybody uses, \n+00004d50: 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 but nobody.likes\n+00004d60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004d70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d info, Node: Nam\n+00004d80: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 ing convention, \n+00004d90: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n+00004da0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00004db0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 rub tools, Prev\n+00004dc0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n+00004dd0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 Up: Top..2 Nami\n+00004de0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a ng convention.**\n 00004df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e00: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ***..The device \n-00004e10: 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 syntax used in G\n-00004e20: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 RUB is a wee bit\n-00004e30: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n-00004e40: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 what you may.hav\n-00004e50: 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e e seen before in\n-00004e60: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-00004e70: 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 system(s), and y\n-00004e80: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ou need to know \n-00004e90: 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 it so.that you c\n-00004ea0: 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 an specify a dri\n-00004eb0: 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ve/partition... \n-00004ec0: 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f Look at the fo\n-00004ed0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 llowing examples\n-00004ee0: 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e and explanation\n-00004ef0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a s:.. (fd0)..\n-00004f00: 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c First of all,\n-00004f10: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 GRUB requires t\n-00004f20: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e hat the device n\n-00004f30: 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 ame be enclosed \n-00004f40: 7769 7468 2027 2827 0a61 6e64 2027 2927 with '('.and ')'\n-00004f50: 2e20 2054 6865 2027 6664 2720 7061 7274 . The 'fd' part\n-00004f60: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 means that it i\n-00004f70: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e s a floppy disk.\n-00004f80: 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2027 3027 The number '0'\n-00004f90: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 .is the drive nu\n-00004fa0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 mber, which is c\n-00004fb0: 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 ounted from _zer\n-00004fc0: 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 o_. This expres\n-00004fd0: 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 sion.means that \n-00004fe0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 GRUB will use th\n-00004ff0: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 e whole floppy d\n-00005000: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c isk... (hd0,\n-00005010: 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 msdos2).. Here\n-00005020: 2c20 2768 6427 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 , 'hd' means it \n-00005030: 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 is a hard disk d\n-00005040: 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 rive. The first\n-00005050: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2027 3027 0a69 6e64 integer '0'.ind\n-00005060: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 icates the drive\n-00005070: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 number, that is\n-00005080: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 , the first hard\n-00005090: 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e disk, the strin\n-000050a0: 670a 276d 7364 6f73 2720 696e 6469 6361 g.'msdos' indica\n-000050b0: 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f tes the partitio\n-000050c0: 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 n scheme, while \n-000050d0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 the second integ\n-000050e0: 6572 2c20 2732 272c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 er, '2',.indicat\n-000050f0: 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e es the partition\n-00005100: 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 number (or the \n-00005110: 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 PC slice number \n-00005120: 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 in the BSD.termi\n-00005130: 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 nology). The pa\n-00005140: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n-00005150: 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are counted from\n-00005160: 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d _one_, not from\n-00005170: 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 .zero (as was th\n-00005180: 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e case in previo\n-00005190: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 us versions of G\n-000051a0: 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 RUB). This expre\n-000051b0: 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 ssion.means the \n-000051c0: 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second partition\n-000051d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-000051e0: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-000051f0: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 In this case,.GR\n-00005200: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 UB uses one part\n-00005210: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n-00005220: 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 k, instead of th\n-00005230: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 e whole disk... \n-00005240: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 (hd0,msdos5)\n-00005250: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n-00005260: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 2265 ies the first \"e\n-00005270: 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f xtended partitio\n-00005280: 6e22 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 n\" of the first \n-00005290: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e hard disk.drive.\n-000052a0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n-000052b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 partition number\n-000052c0: 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 s for extended p\n-000052d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f artitions are.co\n-000052e0: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2027 3527 2c20 unted from '5', \n-000052f0: 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 regardless of th\n-00005300: 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 e actual number \n-00005310: 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 of primary parti\n-00005320: 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 tions.on your ha\n-00005330: 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 rd disk... (\n-00005340: 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 hd1,msdos1,bsd1)\n-00005350: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 .. This means \n-00005360: 7468 6520 4253 4420 2761 2720 7061 7274 the BSD 'a' part\n-00005370: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 ition on first P\n-00005380: 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f C slice number o\n-00005390: 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 f the.second har\n-000053a0: 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 d disk... Of c\n-000053b0: 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c ourse, to actual\n-000053c0: 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 ly access the di\n-000053d0: 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e sks or partition\n-000053e0: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 s with GRUB, you\n-000053f0: 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 .need to use the\n-00005400: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 device specific\n-00005410: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 ation in a comma\n-00005420: 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 2027 7365 7420 726f nd, like 'set ro\n-00005430: 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 270a 6f72 2027 7061 ot=(fd0)'.or 'pa\n-00005440: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f rttool (hd0,msdo\n-00005450: 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2d27 2e20 2054 s3) hidden-'. T\n-00005460: 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 o help you find \n-00005470: 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 out which number\n-00005480: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 .specifies a par\n-00005490: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c tition you want,\n-000054a0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e the GRUB comman\n-000054b0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f d-line (*note.Co\n-000054c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-000054d0: 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 face::) options \n-000054e0: 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f have argument co\n-000054f0: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mpletion. This \n-00005500: 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 means.that, for \n-00005510: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c example, you onl\n-00005520: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a y need to type..\n-00005530: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a set root=(.\n-00005540: 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 . followed by \n-00005550: 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 a , and GRU\n-00005560: 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 B will display t\n-00005570: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 he list of drive\n-00005580: 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f s,.partitions, o\n-00005590: 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 r file names. S\n-000055a0: 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 o it should be q\n-000055b0: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 uite easy to det\n-000055c0: 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 ermine the.name \n-000055d0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 of your target p\n-000055e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 artition, even w\n-000055f0: 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 ith minimal know\n-00005600: 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e ledge of the.syn\n-00005610: 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 tax... Note th\n-00005620: 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f at GRUB does _no\n-00005630: 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 t_ distinguish I\n-00005640: 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 DE from SCSI - i\n-00005650: 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 t simply.counts \n-00005660: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n-00005670: 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 s from zero, reg\n-00005680: 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 ardless of their\n-00005690: 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 type. Normally\n-000056a0: 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 ,.any IDE drive \n-000056b0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 number is less t\n-000056c0: 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 han any SCSI dri\n-000056d0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f ve number, altho\n-000056e0: 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 ugh that.is not \n-000056f0: 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e true if you chan\n-00005700: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n-00005710: 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 ence by swapping\n-00005720: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 IDE and SCSI.dr\n-00005730: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f ives in your BIO\n-00005740: 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 S... Now the q\n-00005750: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 uestion is, how \n-00005760: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c to specify a fil\n-00005770: 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 e? Again, consi\n-00005780: 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a der an.example:.\n-00005790: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 . (hd0,msdos\n-000057a0: 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 1)/vmlinuz.. T\n-000057b0: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n-000057c0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 2027 766d e file named 'vm\n-000057d0: 6c69 6e75 7a27 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e linuz', found on\n-000057e0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-000057f0: 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion.of the firs\n-00005800: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 t hard disk driv\n-00005810: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 e. Note that th\n-00005820: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c e argument compl\n-00005830: 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 etion works.with\n-00005840: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f file names, too\n-00005850: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 ... That was e\n-00005860: 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 asy, admit it. \n-00005870: 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 Now read the nex\n-00005880: 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 t chapter, to fi\n-00005890: 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 nd out how.to ac\n-000058a0: 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 tually install G\n-000058b0: 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 RUB on your driv\n-000058c0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000058d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 .info, Node: OS\n-000058e0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 -specific notes \n-000058f0: 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 about grub tools\n-00005900: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c , Next: Install\n-00005910: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 ation, Prev: Na\n-00005920: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c ming convention,\n-00005930: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d Up: Top..3 OS-\n-00005940: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n-00005950: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a bout grub tools.\n+00004e00: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 *..The device sy\n+00004e10: 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ntax used in GRU\n+00004e20: 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 B is a wee bit d\n+00004e30: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 ifferent from wh\n+00004e40: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 at you may.have \n+00004e50: 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 seen before in y\n+00004e60: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n+00004e70: 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 stem(s), and you\n+00004e80: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 need to know it\n+00004e90: 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e so.that you can\n+00004ea0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 specify a drive\n+00004eb0: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 /partition... \n+00004ec0: 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c Look at the foll\n+00004ed0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 owing examples a\n+00004ee0: 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a nd explanations:\n+00004ef0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 .. (fd0).. \n+00004f00: 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 First of all, G\n+00004f10: 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 RUB requires tha\n+00004f20: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d t the device nam\n+00004f30: 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 e be enclosed wi\n+00004f40: 7468 2027 2827 0a61 6e64 2027 2927 2e20 th '('.and ')'. \n+00004f50: 2054 6865 2027 6664 2720 7061 7274 206d The 'fd' part m\n+00004f60: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 eans that it is \n+00004f70: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 a floppy disk. \n+00004f80: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2027 3027 0a69 The number '0'.i\n+00004f90: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n+00004fa0: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 er, which is cou\n+00004fb0: 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f nted from _zero_\n+00004fc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 . This expressi\n+00004fd0: 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 on.means that GR\n+00004fe0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 UB will use the \n+00004ff0: 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 whole floppy dis\n+00005000: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 k... (hd0,ms\n+00005010: 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 dos2).. Here, \n+00005020: 2768 6427 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 'hd' means it is\n+00005030: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 a hard disk dri\n+00005040: 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 ve. The first i\n+00005050: 6e74 6567 6572 2027 3027 0a69 6e64 6963 nteger '0'.indic\n+00005060: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n+00005070: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n+00005080: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00005090: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n+000050a0: 276d 7364 6f73 2720 696e 6469 6361 7465 'msdos' indicate\n+000050b0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s the partition \n+000050c0: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 scheme, while th\n+000050d0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 e second integer\n+000050e0: 2c20 2732 272c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 , '2',.indicates\n+000050f0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n+00005100: 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 umber (or the PC\n+00005110: 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e slice number in\n+00005120: 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f the BSD.termino\n+00005130: 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 logy). The part\n+00005140: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 ition numbers ar\n+00005150: 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f e counted from _\n+00005160: 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a one_, not from.z\n+00005170: 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 ero (as was the \n+00005180: 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 case in previous\n+00005190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 versions of GRU\n+000051a0: 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 B). This express\n+000051b0: 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 ion.means the se\n+000051c0: 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f cond partition o\n+000051d0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+000051e0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e disk drive. In\n+000051f0: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 this case,.GRUB\n+00005200: 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 uses one partit\n+00005210: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c ion of the disk,\n+00005220: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n+00005230: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 whole disk... \n+00005240: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a (hd0,msdos5)..\n+00005250: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n+00005260: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 2265 7874 s the first \"ext\n+00005270: 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 ended partition\"\n+00005280: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+00005290: 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk.drive. \n+000052a0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 Note that the pa\n+000052b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+000052c0: 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 for extended par\n+000052d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e titions are.coun\n+000052e0: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2027 3527 2c20 7265 ted from '5', re\n+000052f0: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n+00005300: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n+00005310: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+00005320: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n+00005330: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00005340: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n+00005350: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n+00005360: 6520 4253 4420 2761 2720 7061 7274 6974 e BSD 'a' partit\n+00005370: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 ion on first PC \n+00005380: 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 slice number of \n+00005390: 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 the.second hard \n+000053a0: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 disk... Of cou\n+000053b0: 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 rse, to actually\n+000053c0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b access the disk\n+000053d0: 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 s or partitions \n+000053e0: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e with GRUB, you.n\n+000053f0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 eed to use the d\n+00005400: 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 evice specificat\n+00005410: 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ion in a command\n+00005420: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2027 7365 7420 726f 6f74 , like 'set root\n+00005430: 3d28 6664 3029 270a 6f72 2027 7061 7274 =(fd0)'.or 'part\n+00005440: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 tool (hd0,msdos3\n+00005450: 2920 6869 6464 656e 2d27 2e20 2054 6f20 ) hidden-'. To \n+00005460: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 help you find ou\n+00005470: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 t which number.s\n+00005480: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 pecifies a parti\n+00005490: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 tion you want, t\n+000054a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d he GRUB command-\n+000054b0: 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d line (*note.Comm\n+000054c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000054d0: 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 ce::) options ha\n+000054e0: 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 ve argument comp\n+000054f0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 letion. This me\n+00005500: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 ans.that, for ex\n+00005510: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 ample, you only \n+00005520: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 need to type.. \n+00005530: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 set root=(.. \n+00005540: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 followed by a \n+00005550: 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 , and GRUB \n+00005560: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n+00005570: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n+00005580: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 .partitions, or \n+00005590: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 file names. So \n+000055a0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 it should be qui\n+000055b0: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 te easy to deter\n+000055c0: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 mine the.name of\n+000055d0: 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 your target par\n+000055e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 tition, even wit\n+000055f0: 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 h minimal knowle\n+00005600: 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 dge of the.synta\n+00005610: 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 x... Note that\n+00005620: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f GRUB does _not_\n+00005630: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 distinguish IDE\n+00005640: 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 from SCSI - it \n+00005650: 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 simply.counts th\n+00005660: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e drive numbers \n+00005670: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 from zero, regar\n+00005680: 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 dless of their t\n+00005690: 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a ype. Normally,.\n+000056a0: 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 any IDE drive nu\n+000056b0: 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 mber is less tha\n+000056c0: 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 n any SCSI drive\n+000056d0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 number, althoug\n+000056e0: 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 h that.is not tr\n+000056f0: 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 ue if you change\n+00005700: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n+00005710: 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 ce by swapping I\n+00005720: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 DE and SCSI.driv\n+00005730: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e es in your BIOS.\n+00005740: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 .. Now the que\n+00005750: 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f stion is, how to\n+00005760: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f specify a file?\n+00005770: 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 Again, conside\n+00005780: 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 r an.example:.. \n+00005790: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n+000057a0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 /vmlinuz.. Thi\n+000057b0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n+000057c0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 2027 766d 6c69 file named 'vmli\n+000057d0: 6e75 7a27 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 nuz', found on t\n+000057e0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+000057f0: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n+00005800: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005810: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+00005820: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n+00005830: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n+00005840: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n+00005850: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n+00005860: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n+00005870: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n+00005880: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n+00005890: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n+000058a0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n+000058b0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n+000058c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000058d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+000058e0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n+000058f0: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n+00005900: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n+00005910: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n+00005920: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00005930: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n+00005940: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005950: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n 00005960: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00005970: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00005980: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 ****..On OS whic\n-00005990: 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f h have device no\n-000059a0: 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 des similar to U\n-000059b0: 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 nix-like OS GRUB\n-000059c0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f tools use the.O\n-000059d0: 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 S name. E.g. f\n-000059e0: 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 or GNU/Linux:.. \n-000059f0: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00005a00: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n-00005a10: 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 On AROS we use a\n-00005a20: 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 nother syntax. \n-00005a30: 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 For volumes:.. \n-00005a40: 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 //:.. E.g... \n-00005a60: 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f //:DH0.. Fo\n-00005a70: 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 r disks we use s\n-00005a80: 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c yntax:. //:<\n-00005a90: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 2f75 6e69 driver name>/uni\n-00005aa0: 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e t/flags.. E.g.\n-00005ab0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-00005ac0: 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 stall //:ata.dev\n-00005ad0: 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 ice/0/0.. On W\n-00005ae0: 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e indows we use UN\n-00005af0: 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c C path. For vol\n-00005b00: 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 umes it's typica\n-00005b10: 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f lly.. \\\\?\\Vo\n-00005b20: 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 lume{}. \n-00005b30: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 \\\\?\\:.. E.g...\n-00005b50: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b \\\\?\\Volume{\n-00005b60: 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 17f34d50-cf64-4b\n-00005b70: 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 02-800e-51d79c3a\n-00005b80: 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 a2ff}. \\\\?\\C\n-00005b90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 :.. For disks \n-00005ba0: 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 it's.. \\\\?\\P\n-00005bb0: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d hysicalDrive.. E.g... \n-00005bd0: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00005be0: 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 ll \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n-00005bf0: 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 rive0.. Beware\n-00005c00: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 that you may ne\n-00005c10: 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 ed to further es\n-00005c20: 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 cape the backsla\n-00005c30: 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f shes depending.o\n-00005c40: 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 n your shell... \n-00005c50: 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 When compiled \n-00005c60: 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 with cygwin supp\n-00005c70: 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 ort then cygwin \n-00005c80: 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a drive names are.\n-00005c90: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 automatically wh\n-00005ca0: 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e en needed. E.g.\n-00005cb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-00005cc0: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n-00005cd0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00005ce0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n-00005cf0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 lation, Next: B\n-00005d00: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f ooting, Prev: O\n-00005d10: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00005d20: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n-00005d30: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 s, Up: Top..4 I\n-00005d40: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a nstallation.****\n-00005d50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f **********..In o\n-00005d60: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 rder to install \n-00005d70: 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f GRUB as your boo\n-00005d80: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 t loader, you ne\n-00005d90: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 ed to first inst\n-00005da0: 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 all.the GRUB sys\n-00005db0: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 tem and utilitie\n-00005dc0: 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 s under your UNI\n-00005dd0: 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 X-like operating\n-00005de0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f system.(*note O\n-00005df0: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00005e00: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 lding GRUB::). \n-00005e10: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 You can do this \n-00005e20: 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a either from the.\n-00005e30: 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 source tarball, \n-00005e40: 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 or as a package \n-00005e50: 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 for your OS... \n-00005e60: 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 After you have \n-00005e70: 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e done that, you n\n-00005e80: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 eed to install t\n-00005e90: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f he boot loader o\n-00005ea0: 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 n a.drive (flopp\n-00005eb0: 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 y or hard disk) \n-00005ec0: 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 by using the uti\n-00005ed0: 6c69 7479 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 lity 'grub-insta\n-00005ee0: 6c6c 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b ll' (*note.Invok\n-00005ef0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00005f00: 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 ::) on a UNIX-li\n-00005f10: 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ke OS... GRUB \n-00005f20: 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 comes with boot \n-00005f30: 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 images, which ar\n-00005f40: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 e normally put i\n-00005f50: 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a n the directory.\n-00005f60: 272f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c '/usr/lib/grub/<\n-00005f70: 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e27 cpu>-'\n-00005f80: 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 (for BIOS-based\n-00005f90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a 272f 7573 722f machines.'/usr/\n-00005fa0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n-00005fb0: 2729 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 '). Hereafter, \n-00005fc0: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 the directory wh\n-00005fd0: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a ere GRUB images.\n-00005fe0: 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c are initially pl\n-00005ff0: 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2027 aced (normally '\n-00006000: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 /usr/lib/grub/-')\n-00006020: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 will be.called \n-00006030: 7468 6520 2269 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 the \"image direc\n-00006040: 746f 7279 222c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 tory\", and the d\n-00006050: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n-00006060: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e he boot loader.n\n-00006070: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 eeds to find the\n-00006080: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2027 2f62 6f6f m (usually '/boo\n-00006090: 7427 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c t') will be call\n-000060a0: 6564 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 ed the \"boot.dir\n-000060b0: 6563 746f 7279 222e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ectory\"...* Menu\n-000060c0: 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 :..* Installing \n-000060d0: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n-000060e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 install::.* Maki\n-000060f0: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00006100: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 le CD-ROM::.* De\n-00006110: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f vice map::.* BIO\n-00006120: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a S installation::\n-00006130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00006140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n-00006150: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n-00006160: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n-00006170: 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Next: Making a \n-00006180: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006190: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n-000061a0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 llation..4.1 Ins\n-000061b0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n-000061c0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a ng grub-install.\n+00005980: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n+00005990: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n+000059a0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n+000059b0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n+000059c0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n+000059d0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n+000059e0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n+000059f0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005a00: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n+00005a10: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n+00005a20: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n+00005a30: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n+00005a40: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n+00005a60: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n+00005a70: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n+00005a80: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n+00005aa0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n+00005ab0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005ac0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n+00005ad0: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n+00005ae0: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n+00005af0: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n+00005b00: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n+00005b10: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n+00005b20: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n+00005b30: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n+00005b50: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n+00005b60: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n+00005b70: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n+00005b80: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n+00005b90: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n+00005ba0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005bb0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n+00005bd0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005be0: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005bf0: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n+00005c00: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n+00005c10: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n+00005c20: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n+00005c30: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n+00005c40: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n+00005c50: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n+00005c60: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n+00005c70: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n+00005c80: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n+00005c90: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n+00005ca0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n+00005cb0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005cc0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n+00005cd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005ce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n+00005cf0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n+00005d00: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n+00005d10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00005d20: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00005d30: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n+00005d40: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n+00005d50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n+00005d60: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n+00005d70: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n+00005d80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n+00005d90: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n+00005da0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n+00005db0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n+00005dc0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n+00005dd0: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n+00005de0: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n+00005df0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00005e00: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n+00005e10: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n+00005e20: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n+00005e30: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n+00005e40: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n+00005e50: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n+00005e60: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n+00005e70: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n+00005e80: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n+00005e90: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n+00005ea0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n+00005eb0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n+00005ec0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n+00005ed0: 7479 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ty 'grub-install\n+00005ee0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e ' (*note.Invokin\n+00005ef0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00005f00: 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 ) on a UNIX-like\n+00005f10: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f OS... GRUB co\n+00005f20: 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d mes with boot im\n+00005f30: 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ages, which are \n+00005f40: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 normally put in \n+00005f50: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 272f the directory.'/\n+00005f60: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-' (\n+00005f80: 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d for BIOS-based m\n+00005f90: 6163 6869 6e65 730a 272f 7573 722f 6c69 achines.'/usr/li\n+00005fa0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2729 b/grub/i386-pc')\n+00005fb0: 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 . Hereafter, th\n+00005fc0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n+00005fd0: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 e GRUB images.ar\n+00005fe0: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 e initially plac\n+00005ff0: 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2027 2f75 ed (normally '/u\n+00006000: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 sr/lib/grub/-') w\n+00006020: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n+00006030: 6520 2269 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f e \"image directo\n+00006040: 7279 222c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 ry\", and the dir\n+00006050: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ectory where the\n+00006060: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 boot loader.nee\n+00006070: 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ds to find them \n+00006080: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 (usually '/boot'\n+00006090: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ) will be called\n+000060a0: 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 the \"boot.direc\n+000060b0: 746f 7279 222e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a tory\"...* Menu:.\n+000060c0: 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .* Installing GR\n+000060d0: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n+000060e0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 stall::.* Making\n+000060f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00006100: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 CD-ROM::.* Devi\n+00006110: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 ce map::.* BIOS \n+00006120: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a installation::..\n+00006130: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00006140: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n+00006150: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n+00006160: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e grub-install, N\n+00006170: 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ext: Making a GR\n+00006180: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006190: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n+000061a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 ation..4.1 Insta\n+000061b0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+000061c0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n 000061d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000061e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000061f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f ======..For info\n-00006200: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 rmation on where\n-00006210: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 GRUB should be \n-00006220: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 installed on PC \n-00006230: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a BIOS platforms,.\n-00006240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 *note BIOS insta\n-00006250: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 llation::... I\n-00006260: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 n order to insta\n-00006270: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 ll GRUB under a \n-00006280: 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 UNIX-like OS (su\n-00006290: 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f ch as GNU), invo\n-000062a0: 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 ke.the program '\n-000062b0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 282a grub-install' (*\n-000062c0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-000062d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 ub-install::) as\n-000062e0: 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 the.superuser (\n-000062f0: 2272 6f6f 7422 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 \"root\")... The\n-00006300: 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 usage is basica\n-00006310: 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e lly very simple.\n-00006320: 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 You only need \n-00006330: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 to specify one.a\n-00006340: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 rgument to the p\n-00006350: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 rogram, namely, \n-00006360: 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c where to install\n-00006370: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00006380: 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 . The.argument \n-00006390: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 has to be either\n-000063a0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 a device file (\n-000063b0: 6c69 6b65 2027 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 2729 like '/dev/hda')\n-000063c0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-000063d0: 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 under Linux the \n-000063e0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 following will i\n-000063f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-00006400: 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 the MBR of the \n-00006410: 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a first.IDE disk:.\n-00006420: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00006430: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n-00006440: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 Likewise, unde\n-00006450: 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 r GNU/Hurd, this\n-00006460: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 has the same ef\n-00006470: 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 fect:.. # gr\n-00006480: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-00006490: 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 hd0.. But all \n-000064a0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c the above exampl\n-000064b0: 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 es assume that G\n-000064c0: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 RUB should put i\n-000064d0: 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 mages under.the \n-000064e0: 272f 626f 6f74 2720 6469 7265 6374 6f72 '/boot' director\n-000064f0: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 y. If you want \n-00006500: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 GRUB to put imag\n-00006510: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 es under a direc\n-00006520: 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory.other than \n-00006530: 272f 626f 6f74 272c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 '/boot', you nee\n-00006540: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 d to specify the\n-00006550: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d62 6f6f 742d option '--boot-\n-00006560: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7927 2e0a 5468 6520 directory'..The \n-00006570: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 typical usage is\n-00006580: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 that you create\n-00006590: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f a GRUB boot flo\n-000065a0: 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 ppy with a.files\n-000065b0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 ystem. Here is \n-000065c0: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n-000065d0: 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f # mke2fs /dev/\n-000065e0: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 fd0. # mount\n-000065f0: 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 -t ext2 /dev/fd\n-00006600: 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 0 /mnt. # mk\n-00006610: 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 dir /mnt/boot. \n-00006620: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006630: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-00006640: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 ry=/mnt/boot /de\n-00006650: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f v/fd0. # umo\n-00006660: 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d unt /mnt.. Som\n-00006670: 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 e BIOSes have a \n-00006680: 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 bug of exposing \n-00006690: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-000066a0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 ion of a USB dri\n-000066b0: 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 ve.as a floppy i\n-000066c0: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 nstead of exposi\n-000066d0: 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 ng the USB drive\n-000066e0: 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 as a hard disk \n-000066f0: 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 (they call.it \"U\n-00006700: 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 SB-FDD\" boot). \n-00006710: 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 In such cases, y\n-00006720: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n-00006730: 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ll like this:.. \n-00006740: 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 # losetup /d\n-00006750: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 ev/loop0 /dev/sd\n-00006760: 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 b1. # mount \n-00006770: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f /dev/loop0 /mnt/\n-00006780: 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d usb. # grub-\n-00006790: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n-000067a0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 irectory=/mnt/us\n-000067b0: 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 b/bugbios --forc\n-000067c0: 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 e --allow-floppy\n-000067d0: 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 /dev/loop0.. \n-000067e0: 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 This install doe\n-000067f0: 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 sn't conflict wi\n-00006800: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 th standard inst\n-00006810: 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 all as long as t\n-00006820: 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 hey.are in separ\n-00006830: 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e ate directories.\n-00006840: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 .. On EFI syst\n-00006850: 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 ems for fixed di\n-00006860: 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 sk install you h\n-00006870: 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 ave to mount EFI\n-00006880: 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f System.Partitio\n-00006890: 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 n. If you mount\n-000068a0: 2069 7420 6174 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 it at '/boot/ef\n-000068b0: 6927 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 i' then you don'\n-000068c0: 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 t need any.speci\n-000068d0: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 al arguments:.. \n-000068e0: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-000068f0: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 ll.. Otherwise\n-00006900: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n-00006910: 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 cify where your \n-00006920: 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 EFI System parti\n-00006930: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a tion is.mounted:\n-00006940: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-00006950: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n-00006960: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a ctory=/mnt/efi..\n-00006970: 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 For removable\n-00006980: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 installs you ha\n-00006990: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 272d 2d72 656d ve to use '--rem\n-000069a0: 6f76 6162 6c65 2720 616e 6420 7370 6563 ovable' and spec\n-000069b0: 6966 7920 626f 7468 0a27 2d2d 626f 6f74 ify both.'--boot\n-000069c0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2720 616e 6420 -directory' and \n-000069d0: 272d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 '--efi-directory\n-000069e0: 273a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d ':.. # grub-\n-000069f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n-00006a00: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n-00006a10: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n-00006a20: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 y=/mnt/usb/boot \n-00006a30: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 --removable....F\n-00006a40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00006a50: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Node: Making a \n-00006a60: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006a70: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 -ROM, Next: Dev\n-00006a80: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ice map, Prev: \n-00006a90: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-00006aa0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-00006ab0: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ll, Up: Install\n-00006ac0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e ation..4.2 Makin\n-00006ad0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006ae0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e CD-ROM.=======\n+000061f0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d ====..For inform\n+00006200: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation on where G\n+00006210: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e RUB should be in\n+00006220: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 stalled on PC BI\n+00006230: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e OS platforms,.*n\n+00006240: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n+00006250: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ation::... In \n+00006260: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c order to install\n+00006270: 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e GRUB under a UN\n+00006280: 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 IX-like OS (such\n+00006290: 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 as GNU), invoke\n+000062a0: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 .the program 'gr\n+000062b0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 282a 6e6f ub-install' (*no\n+000062c0: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+000062d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n+000062e0: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 2272 he.superuser (\"r\n+000062f0: 6f6f 7422 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 oot\")... The u\n+00006300: 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c sage is basicall\n+00006310: 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 y very simple. \n+00006320: 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f You only need to\n+00006330: 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 specify one.arg\n+00006340: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f ument to the pro\n+00006350: 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 gram, namely, wh\n+00006360: 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ere to install t\n+00006370: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 he boot loader. \n+00006380: 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 The.argument ha\n+00006390: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 s to be either a\n+000063a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 device file (li\n+000063b0: 6b65 2027 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 2729 2e20 ke '/dev/hda'). \n+000063c0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e For example,.un\n+000063d0: 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f der Linux the fo\n+000063e0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 llowing will ins\n+000063f0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n+00006400: 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 he MBR of the fi\n+00006410: 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 rst.IDE disk:.. \n+00006420: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n+00006430: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n+00006440: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 Likewise, under \n+00006450: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 GNU/Hurd, this h\n+00006460: 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 as the same effe\n+00006470: 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ct:.. # grub\n+00006480: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 -install /dev/hd\n+00006490: 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 0.. But all th\n+000064a0: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 e above examples\n+000064b0: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 assume that GRU\n+000064c0: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 B should put ima\n+000064d0: 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 272f ges under.the '/\n+000064e0: 626f 6f74 2720 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e boot' directory.\n+000064f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 If you want GR\n+00006500: 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 UB to put images\n+00006510: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f under a directo\n+00006520: 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 272f ry.other than '/\n+00006530: 626f 6f74 272c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 boot', you need \n+00006540: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n+00006550: 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 ption '--boot-di\n+00006560: 7265 6374 6f72 7927 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 rectory'..The ty\n+00006570: 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 pical usage is t\n+00006580: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 hat you create a\n+00006590: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 GRUB boot flopp\n+000065a0: 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 y with a.filesys\n+000065b0: 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e tem. Here is an\n+000065c0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+000065d0: 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 # mke2fs /dev/fd\n+000065e0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 0. # mount -\n+000065f0: 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 t ext2 /dev/fd0 \n+00006600: 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 /mnt. # mkdi\n+00006610: 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 r /mnt/boot. \n+00006620: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006630: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006640: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f =/mnt/boot /dev/\n+00006650: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e fd0. # umoun\n+00006660: 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 t /mnt.. Some \n+00006670: 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 BIOSes have a bu\n+00006680: 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 g of exposing th\n+00006690: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+000066a0: 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 n of a USB drive\n+000066b0: 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 .as a floppy ins\n+000066c0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 tead of exposing\n+000066d0: 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 the USB drive a\n+000066e0: 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 s a hard disk (t\n+000066f0: 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 hey call.it \"USB\n+00006700: 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e -FDD\" boot). In\n+00006710: 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 such cases, you\n+00006720: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n+00006730: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+00006740: 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 # losetup /dev\n+00006750: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 /loop0 /dev/sdb1\n+00006760: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 . # mount /d\n+00006770: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 ev/loop0 /mnt/us\n+00006780: 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e b. # grub-in\n+00006790: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n+000067a0: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f ectory=/mnt/usb/\n+000067b0: 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 bugbios --force \n+000067c0: 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f --allow-floppy /\n+000067d0: 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 dev/loop0.. Th\n+000067e0: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e is install doesn\n+000067f0: 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 't conflict with\n+00006800: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c standard instal\n+00006810: 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 l as long as the\n+00006820: 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 y.are in separat\n+00006830: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a e directories...\n+00006840: 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d On EFI system\n+00006850: 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b s for fixed disk\n+00006860: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 install you hav\n+00006870: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 e to mount EFI S\n+00006880: 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ystem.Partition.\n+00006890: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 If you mount i\n+000068a0: 7420 6174 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 6927 t at '/boot/efi'\n+000068b0: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 then you don't \n+000068c0: 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c need any.special\n+000068d0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 arguments:.. \n+000068e0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+000068f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 .. Otherwise y\n+00006900: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n+00006910: 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 fy where your EF\n+00006920: 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 I System partiti\n+00006930: 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a on is.mounted:..\n+00006940: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006950: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n+00006960: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 ory=/mnt/efi.. \n+00006970: 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 For removable i\n+00006980: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 nstalls you have\n+00006990: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 to use '--remov\n+000069a0: 6162 6c65 2720 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 able' and specif\n+000069b0: 7920 626f 7468 0a27 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 y both.'--boot-d\n+000069c0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2720 616e 6420 272d irectory' and '-\n+000069d0: 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 273a -efi-directory':\n+000069e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+000069f0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+00006a00: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d ctory=/mnt/usb -\n+00006a10: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00006a20: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d /mnt/usb/boot --\n+00006a30: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c removable....Fil\n+00006a40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00006a50: 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ode: Making a GR\n+00006a60: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006a70: 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 OM, Next: Devic\n+00006a80: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e e map, Prev: In\n+00006a90: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+00006aa0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00006ab0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00006ac0: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 ion..4.2 Making \n+00006ad0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006ae0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d CD-ROM.=========\n 00006af0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00006b10: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 226e supports the \"n\n-00006b20: 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 o emulation mode\n-00006b30: 2220 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 \" in the El Tori\n-00006b40: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n-00006b50: 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e (1).(*note Makin\n-00006b60: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006b70: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n-00006b80: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 e-1::). This me\n-00006b90: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e ans that you.can\n-00006ba0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 use the whole C\n-00006bb0: 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 D-ROM from GRUB \n-00006bc0: 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 and you don't ha\n-00006bd0: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f ve to make a flo\n-00006be0: 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy.or hard disk\n-00006bf0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 image file, whi\n-00006c00: 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d ch can cause com\n-00006c10: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c patibility probl\n-00006c20: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f ems... For boo\n-00006c30: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n-00006c40: 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 OM, GRUB uses a \n-00006c50: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 special image ca\n-00006c60: 6c6c 6564 0a27 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 lled.'cdboot.img\n-00006c70: 272c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 ', which is conc\n-00006c80: 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 2763 atenated with 'c\n-00006c90: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2e20 2054 6865 2027 ore.img'. The '\n-00006ca0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 7573 6564 2066 core.img'.used f\n-00006cb0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 or this should b\n-00006cc0: 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 e built with at \n-00006cd0: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 2769 736f 3936 least the 'iso96\n-00006ce0: 3630 2720 616e 6420 2762 696f 7364 6973 60' and 'biosdis\n-00006cf0: 6b27 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 k'.modules. You\n-00006d00: 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f r bootable CD-RO\n-00006d10: 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 M will usually a\n-00006d20: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c lso need to incl\n-00006d30: 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ude a.configurat\n-00006d40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 ion file 'grub.c\n-00006d50: 6667 2720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 fg' and some oth\n-00006d60: 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e er GRUB modules.\n-00006d70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 .. To make a s\n-00006d80: 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 imple generic GR\n-00006d90: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f UB rescue CD, yo\n-00006da0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a 2767 u can use the.'g\n-00006db0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 7072 rub-mkrescue' pr\n-00006dc0: 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ogram (*note Inv\n-00006dd0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n-00006de0: 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 cue::):.. $ \n-00006df0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00006e00: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f grub.iso.. Yo\n-00006e10: 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 u will often nee\n-00006e20: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 d to include oth\n-00006e30: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 er files in your\n-00006e40: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 image. To do.t\n-00006e50: 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 his, first make \n-00006e60: 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 a top directory \n-00006e70: 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 for the bootable\n-00006e80: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 2027 6973 image, say, 'is\n-00006e90: 6f27 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 o':.. $ mkdi\n-00006ea0: 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 r iso.. Make a\n-00006eb0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 directory for G\n-00006ec0: 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 RUB:.. $ mkd\n-00006ed0: 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 ir -p iso/boot/g\n-00006ee0: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 rub.. If desir\n-00006ef0: 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ed, make the con\n-00006f00: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 fig file 'grub.c\n-00006f10: 6667 2720 756e 6465 7220 2769 736f 2f62 fg' under 'iso/b\n-00006f20: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 oot/grub'.(*note\n-00006f30: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a Configuration::\n-00006f40: 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 ), and copy any \n-00006f50: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 files and direct\n-00006f60: 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 ories for the di\n-00006f70: 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 sc.to the direct\n-00006f80: 6f72 7920 2769 736f 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 ory 'iso/'... \n-00006f90: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 Finally, make th\n-00006fa0: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 e image:.. $\n-00006fb0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n-00006fc0: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a o grub.iso iso..\n-00006fd0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 This produces\n-00006fe0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 2767 a file named 'g\n-00006ff0: 7275 622e 6973 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 rub.iso', which \n-00007000: 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e then can be burn\n-00007010: 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 ed into.a CD (or\n-00007020: 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 a DVD), or writ\n-00007030: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 ten to a USB mas\n-00007040: 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s storage device\n-00007050: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ... The root d\n-00007060: 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 evice will be se\n-00007070: 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t up appropriate\n-00007080: 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 ly on entering y\n-00007090: 6f75 720a 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2063 our.'grub.cfg' c\n-000070a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000070b0: 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 e, so you can re\n-000070c0: 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 fer to file name\n-000070d0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 s on the CD.with\n-000070e0: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 out needing to u\n-000070f0: 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 se an explicit d\n-00007100: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 evice name. Thi\n-00007110: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 s makes it easie\n-00007120: 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 r to.produce res\n-00007130: 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 cue images that \n-00007140: 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 will work on bot\n-00007150: 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 h optical drives\n-00007160: 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 and USB mass.st\n-00007170: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a orage devices...\n-00007180: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00007190: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 o, Node: Making\n-000071a0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-000071b0: 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 CD-ROM-Footnote\n-000071c0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 s, Up: Making a\n-000071d0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-000071e0: 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c D-ROM.. (1) El\n-000071f0: 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 Torito is a spe\n-00007200: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 cification for b\n-00007210: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 ootable CD using\n-00007220: 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e BIOS.functions.\n-00007230: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00007240: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n-00007250: 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 ce map, Next: B\n-00007260: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-00007270: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Prev: Making \n-00007280: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00007290: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n-000072a0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 tallation..4.3 T\n-000072b0: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n-000072c0: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n-000072d0: 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d S devices.======\n+00006b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00006b10: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f20 upports the \"no \n+00006b20: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2220 emulation mode\" \n+00006b30: 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f in the El Torito\n+00006b40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 specification(1\n+00006b50: 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 ).(*note Making \n+00006b60: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006b70: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n+00006b80: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1::). This mean\n+00006b90: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 s that you.can u\n+00006ba0: 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d se the whole CD-\n+00006bb0: 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e ROM from GRUB an\n+00006bc0: 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 d you don't have\n+00006bd0: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 to make a flopp\n+00006be0: 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 y.or hard disk i\n+00006bf0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 mage file, which\n+00006c00: 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 can cause compa\n+00006c10: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d tibility problem\n+00006c20: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 s... For booti\n+00006c30: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n+00006c40: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 , GRUB uses a sp\n+00006c50: 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c ecial image call\n+00006c60: 6564 0a27 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 272c ed.'cdboot.img',\n+00006c70: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 which is concat\n+00006c80: 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 2763 6f72 enated with 'cor\n+00006c90: 652e 696d 6727 2e20 2054 6865 2027 636f e.img'. The 'co\n+00006ca0: 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 re.img'.used for\n+00006cb0: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n+00006cc0: 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 built with at le\n+00006cd0: 6173 7420 7468 6520 2769 736f 3936 3630 ast the 'iso9660\n+00006ce0: 2720 616e 6420 2762 696f 7364 6973 6b27 ' and 'biosdisk'\n+00006cf0: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 .modules. Your \n+00006d00: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 bootable CD-ROM \n+00006d10: 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 will usually als\n+00006d20: 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 o need to includ\n+00006d30: 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f e a.configuratio\n+00006d40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 n file 'grub.cfg\n+00006d50: 2720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 ' and some other\n+00006d60: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n+00006d70: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n+00006d80: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n+00006d90: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n+00006da0: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a 2767 7275 can use the.'gru\n+00006db0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 7072 6f67 b-mkrescue' prog\n+00006dc0: 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ram (*note Invok\n+00006dd0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00006de0: 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 e::):.. $ gr\n+00006df0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n+00006e00: 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rub.iso.. You \n+00006e10: 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 will often need \n+00006e20: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 to include other\n+00006e30: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 files in your i\n+00006e40: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 mage. To do.thi\n+00006e50: 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 s, first make a \n+00006e60: 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f top directory fo\n+00006e70: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 r the bootable i\n+00006e80: 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 2027 6973 6f27 mage, say, 'iso'\n+00006e90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 :.. $ mkdir \n+00006ea0: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 iso.. Make a d\n+00006eb0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 irectory for GRU\n+00006ec0: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 B:.. $ mkdir\n+00006ed0: 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -p iso/boot/gru\n+00006ee0: 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 b.. If desired\n+00006ef0: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 , make the confi\n+00006f00: 6720 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 g file 'grub.cfg\n+00006f10: 2720 756e 6465 7220 2769 736f 2f62 6f6f ' under 'iso/boo\n+00006f20: 742f 6772 7562 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 t/grub'.(*note C\n+00006f30: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00006f40: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n+00006f50: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n+00006f60: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n+00006f70: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n+00006f80: 7920 2769 736f 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 y 'iso/'... Fi\n+00006f90: 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 nally, make the \n+00006fa0: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 image:.. $ g\n+00006fb0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00006fc0: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 grub.iso iso.. \n+00006fd0: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 This produces a\n+00006fe0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 2767 7275 file named 'gru\n+00006ff0: 622e 6973 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 b.iso', which th\n+00007000: 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 en can be burned\n+00007010: 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 into.a CD (or a\n+00007020: 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 DVD), or writte\n+00007030: 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 n to a USB mass \n+00007040: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a storage device..\n+00007050: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 . The root dev\n+00007060: 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ice will be set \n+00007070: 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 up appropriately\n+00007080: 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 on entering you\n+00007090: 720a 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2063 6f6e r.'grub.cfg' con\n+000070a0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+000070b0: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 so you can refe\n+000070c0: 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 r to file names \n+000070d0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 on the CD.withou\n+000070e0: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 t needing to use\n+000070f0: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n+00007100: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ice name. This \n+00007110: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 makes it easier \n+00007120: 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 to.produce rescu\n+00007130: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 e images that wi\n+00007140: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 ll work on both \n+00007150: 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 optical drives a\n+00007160: 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 nd USB mass.stor\n+00007170: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a age devices.....\n+00007180: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00007190: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 Node: Making a\n+000071a0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+000071b0: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c D-ROM-Footnotes,\n+000071c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Up: Making a G\n+000071d0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+000071e0: 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 ROM.. (1) El T\n+000071f0: 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 orito is a speci\n+00007200: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f fication for boo\n+00007210: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 table CD using B\n+00007220: 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a IOS.functions...\n+00007230: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00007240: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n+00007250: 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f map, Next: BIO\n+00007260: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n+00007270: 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Prev: Making a \n+00007280: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00007290: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n+000072a0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 llation..4.3 The\n+000072b0: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000072c0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+000072d0: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n 000072e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000072f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n-00007310: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 device map file\n-00007320: 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 exists, the GRU\n-00007330: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 2827 6772 B utilities ('gr\n-00007340: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 272c 2065 7463 2e29 ub-probe', etc.)\n-00007350: 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 .read it to map \n-00007360: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f BIOS drives to O\n-00007370: 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 S devices. This\n-00007380: 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f file consists o\n-00007390: 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 f lines.like thi\n-000073a0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 s:.. (DEVICE\n-000073b0: 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 ) FILE.. DEVIC\n-000073c0: 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 E is a drive spe\n-000073d0: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 cified in the GR\n-000073e0: 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 UB syntax (*note\n-000073f0: 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device.syntax::\n-00007400: 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 ), and FILE is a\n-00007410: 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 n OS file, which\n-00007420: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 is normally a d\n-00007430: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice file... \n-00007440: 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Historically, th\n-00007450: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n-00007460: 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 e was used becau\n-00007470: 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e se GRUB device n\n-00007480: 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 ames.had to be u\n-00007490: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 sed in the confi\n-000074a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 guration file, a\n-000074b0: 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 nd they were der\n-000074c0: 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 ived from.BIOS d\n-000074d0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 rive numbers. T\n-000074e0: 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 he map between B\n-000074f0: 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f IOS drives and O\n-00007500: 5320 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 S devices cannot\n-00007510: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 .always be guess\n-00007520: 6564 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f ed correctly: fo\n-00007530: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 r example, GRUB \n-00007540: 7769 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 will get the ord\n-00007550: 6572 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 er wrong.if you \n-00007560: 6578 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f exchange the boo\n-00007570: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 t sequence betwe\n-00007580: 656e 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 en IDE and SCSI \n-00007590: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 in your BIOS... \n-000075a0: 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c Unfortunately,\n-000075b0: 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 even OS device \n-000075c0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c names are not al\n-000075d0: 7761 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f ways stable. Mo\n-000075e0: 6465 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 dern.versions of\n-000075f0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-00007600: 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 l may probe driv\n-00007610: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e es in a differen\n-00007620: 7420 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f t order from.boo\n-00007630: 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 t to boot, and t\n-00007640: 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 2827 2f64 6576 he prefix ('/dev\n-00007650: 2f68 642a 2720 7665 7273 7573 2027 2f64 /hd*' versus '/d\n-00007660: 6576 2f73 642a 2729 206d 6179 2063 6861 ev/sd*') may cha\n-00007670: 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e nge.depending on\n-00007680: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 the driver subs\n-00007690: 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 ystem in use. A\n-000076a0: 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 s a result, the \n-000076b0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 device map.file \n-000076c0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e required frequen\n-000076d0: 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d t editing on som\n-000076e0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 e systems... G\n-000076f0: 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 RUB avoids this \n-00007700: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 problem nowadays\n-00007710: 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 by using UUIDs \n-00007720: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c or file system.l\n-00007730: 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 abels when gener\n-00007740: 6174 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 ating 'grub.cfg'\n-00007750: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 , and we advise \n-00007760: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 that you do the \n-00007770: 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 same.for any cus\n-00007780: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n-00007790: 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 you write. If \n-000077a0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 the device map f\n-000077b0: 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 ile does not.exi\n-000077c0: 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 st, then the GRU\n-000077d0: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c B utilities will\n-000077e0: 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 assume a tempor\n-000077f0: 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f ary device map o\n-00007800: 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 n the.fly. This\n-00007810: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 is often good e\n-00007820: 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 nough, particula\n-00007830: 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f rly in the commo\n-00007840: 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 n case of.single\n-00007850: 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a -disk systems...\n-00007860: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 However, the \n-00007870: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n-00007880: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 is not entirely \n-00007890: 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e obsolete yet, an\n-000078a0: 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 d it is.used for\n-000078b0: 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e overriding when\n-000078c0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e current environ\n-000078d0: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e ment is differen\n-000078e0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f t from the one.o\n-000078f0: 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f n boot. Most co\n-00007900: 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 mmon case is if \n-00007910: 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 you use a partit\n-00007920: 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 ion or logical v\n-00007930: 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 olume.as a disk \n-00007940: 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 for virtual mach\n-00007950: 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 ine. You can pu\n-00007960: 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 t any comments i\n-00007970: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 n the file if.ne\n-00007980: 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 eded, as the GRU\n-00007990: 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 B utilities assu\n-000079a0: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 me that a line i\n-000079b0: 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 s just a comment\n-000079c0: 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 if.the first ch\n-000079d0: 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 2027 2327 2e0a aracter is '#'..\n-000079e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000079f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 fo, Node: BIOS \n-00007a00: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 installation, P\n-00007a10: 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c rev: Device map,\n-00007a20: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Up: Installati\n-00007a30: 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 on..4.4 BIOS ins\n-00007a40: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tallation.======\n-00007a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00007a60: 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 .MBR.===..The pa\n-00007a70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f rtition table fo\n-00007a80: 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c rmat traditional\n-00007a90: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 ly used on PC BI\n-00007aa0: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a OS platforms is.\n-00007ab0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 called the Maste\n-00007ac0: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d r Boot Record (M\n-00007ad0: 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 BR) format; this\n-00007ae0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 is the format t\n-00007af0: 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f hat.allows up to\n-00007b00: 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 four primary pa\n-00007b10: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 rtitions and add\n-00007b20: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 itional logical \n-00007b30: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 partitions..With\n-00007b40: 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 this partition \n-00007b50: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 table format, th\n-00007b60: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 ere are two ways\n-00007b70: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00007b80: 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 : it.can be embe\n-00007b90: 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 dded in the area\n-00007ba0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 between the MBR\n-00007bb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 and the first p\n-00007bc0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 artition.(called\n-00007bd0: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 by various name\n-00007be0: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 s, such as the \"\n-00007bf0: 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 boot track\", \"MB\n-00007c00: 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 R gap\", or.\"embe\n-00007c10: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 dding area\", and\n-00007c20: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c which is usuall\n-00007c30: 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 y at least 1000 \n-00007c40: 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 KiB), or the cor\n-00007c50: 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 e.image can be i\n-00007c60: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 nstalled in a fi\n-00007c70: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 le system and a \n-00007c80: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 list of the bloc\n-00007c90: 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 ks that.make it \n-00007ca0: 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 up can be stored\n-00007cb0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 in the first se\n-00007cc0: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 ctor of that par\n-00007cd0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 tition... Mode\n-00007ce0: 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 rn tools usually\n-00007cf0: 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f leave MBR gap o\n-00007d00: 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 f at least 1023 \n-00007d10: 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 KiB. This amount\n-00007d20: 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 .is sufficient t\n-00007d30: 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e o cover most con\n-00007d40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 figurations. He\n-00007d50: 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 nce this value i\n-00007d60: 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 s.recommended by\n-00007d70: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a the GRUB team..\n-00007d80: 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 . Historically\n-00007d90: 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 many tools left\n-00007da0: 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 only 31 KiB of \n-00007db0: 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 space. This is \n-00007dc0: 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 not.enough to pa\n-00007dd0: 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 rse reliably dif\n-00007de0: 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ficult structure\n-00007df0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 s like Btrfs, ZF\n-00007e00: 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 S, RAID or.LVM, \n-00007e10: 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 or to use diffic\n-00007e20: 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 ult disk access \n-00007e30: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 methods like ahc\n-00007e40: 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 i. Hence GRUB w\n-00007e50: 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 ill.warn if atte\n-00007e60: 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c mpted to install\n-00007e70: 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 into small MBR \n-00007e80: 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 gap except in a \n-00007e90: 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 small number.of \n-00007ea0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 configurations t\n-00007eb0: 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 hat were grandfa\n-00007ec0: 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 thered. The gra\n-00007ed0: 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 ndfathered confi\n-00007ee0: 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7573 g.must:.. * us\n-00007ef0: 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 e biosdisk as di\n-00007f00: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 sk access module\n-00007f10: 2066 6f72 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 202a 206e for '/boot' * n\n-00007f20: 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 6464 6974 ot use any.addit\n-00007f30: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ional partition \n-00007f40: 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2027 maps to access '\n-00007f50: 2f62 6f6f 7427 202a 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 /boot' * '/boot'\n-00007f60: 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 must be on one \n-00007f70: 6f66 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c of.following fil\n-00007f80: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 2a20 4146 4653 esystems: * AFFS\n-00007f90: 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c20 6370 696f , AFS, BFS, cpio\n-00007fa0: 2c20 6e65 7763 2c20 6f64 632c 2065 7874 , newc, odc, ext\n-00007fb0: 322f 332f 342c 2046 4154 2c0a 6578 4641 2/3/4, FAT,.exFA\n-00007fc0: 542c 2046 3246 532c 2048 4653 2c20 756e T, F2FS, HFS, un\n-00007fd0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2048 4653 2b2c compressed HFS+,\n-00007fe0: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d ISO9660, JFS, M\n-00007ff0: 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c0a 4d69 inix, Minix2,.Mi\n-00008000: 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 nix3, NILFS2, NT\n-00008010: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 524f FS, ReiserFS, RO\n-00008020: 4d46 532c 2053 4653 2c20 7461 722c 2055 MFS, SFS, tar, U\n-00008030: 4446 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 2c20 DF, UFS1, UFS2, \n-00008040: 5846 530a 0a20 2020 4d42 5220 6761 7020 XFS.. MBR gap \n-00008050: 6861 7320 6665 7720 7465 6368 6e69 6361 has few technica\n-00008060: 6c20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 l problems. The\n-00008070: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2077 6179 2074 6f20 re is no way to \n-00008080: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7370 6163 650a 696e reserve space.in\n-00008090: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 the embedding a\n-000080a0: 7265 6120 7769 7468 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 rea with complet\n-000080b0: 6520 7361 6665 7479 2c20 616e 6420 736f e safety, and so\n-000080c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 0a73 me proprietary.s\n-000080d0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6973 206b 6e6f 776e oftware is known\n-000080e0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 to use it to ma\n-000080f0: 6b65 2069 7420 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 ke it difficult \n-00008100: 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 746f 2077 6f72 for users to wor\n-00008110: 6b0a 6172 6f75 6e64 206c 6963 656e 7369 k.around licensi\n-00008120: 6e67 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 732e ng restrictions.\n-00008130: 2020 4752 5542 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 7420 GRUB works it \n-00008140: 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 7920 6465 7465 6374 around by detect\n-00008150: 696e 670a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6279 206f ing.sectors by o\n-00008160: 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e ther software an\n-00008170: 6420 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 d avoiding them \n-00008180: 616e 6420 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6e67 2069 and protecting i\n-00008190: 7473 206f 776e 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2075 ts own.sectors u\n-000081a0: 7369 6e67 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f sing Reed-Solomo\n-000081b0: 6e20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 n encoding... \n-000081c0: 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 7265 636f 6d6d GRUB team recomm\n-000081d0: 656e 6473 2068 6176 696e 6720 4d42 5220 ends having MBR \n-000081e0: 6761 7020 6f66 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 gap of at least \n-000081f0: 3130 3030 204b 6942 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 1000 KiB.. Sho\n-00008200: 756c 6420 6974 2062 6520 6e6f 7420 706f uld it be not po\n-00008210: 7373 6962 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 ssible GRUB has \n-00008220: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 6120 6661 support for a fa\n-00008230: 6c6c 6261 636b 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a llback solution.\n-00008240: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2068 6561 7669 6c79 which is heavily\n-00008250: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2061 6761 recommended aga\n-00008260: 696e 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e inst. Installin\n-00008270: 6720 746f 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 g to a filesyste\n-00008280: 6d20 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2047 5255 m means.that GRU\n-00008290: 4220 6973 2076 756c 6e65 7261 626c 6520 B is vulnerable \n-000082a0: 746f 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6265 to its blocks be\n-000082b0: 696e 6720 6d6f 7665 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 ing moved around\n-000082c0: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a66 by filesystem.f\n-000082d0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 eatures such as \n-000082e0: 7461 696c 2070 6163 6b69 6e67 2c20 6f72 tail packing, or\n-000082f0: 2065 7665 6e20 6279 2061 6767 7265 7373 even by aggress\n-00008300: 6976 6520 6673 636b 0a69 6d70 6c65 6d65 ive fsck.impleme\n-00008310: 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 736f 2074 6869 ntations, so thi\n-00008320: 7320 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2069 7320 7175 s approach is qu\n-00008330: 6974 6520 6672 6167 696c 653b 2061 6e64 ite fragile; and\n-00008340: 2074 6869 7320 6170 7072 6f61 6368 0a63 this approach.c\n-00008350: 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 an only be used \n-00008360: 6966 2074 6865 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 2066 if the '/boot' f\n-00008370: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6973 206f 6e20 ilesystem is on \n-00008380: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6973 6b20 7468 the same disk th\n-00008390: 6174 2074 6865 0a42 494f 5320 626f 6f74 at the.BIOS boot\n-000083a0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 s from, so that \n-000083b0: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 GRUB does not ha\n-000083c0: 7665 2074 6f20 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 6775 ve to rely on gu\n-000083d0: 6573 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6472 6976 essing BIOS.driv\n-000083e0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 e numbers... T\n-000083f0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6465 7665 6c6f 706d he GRUB developm\n-00008400: 656e 7420 7465 616d 2067 656e 6572 616c ent team general\n-00008410: 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 656d ly recommends em\n-00008420: 6265 6464 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6566 bedding GRUB bef\n-00008430: 6f72 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 ore.the first pa\n-00008440: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 rtition, unless \n-00008450: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c you have special\n-00008460: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 requirements. \n-00008470: 596f 7520 6d75 7374 0a65 6e73 7572 6520 You must.ensure \n-00008480: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 that the first p\n-00008490: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 7320 artition starts \n-000084a0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n-000084b0: 4220 2832 3030 3020 7365 6374 6f72 7329 B (2000 sectors)\n-000084c0: 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 .from the start \n-000084d0: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b3b 206f 6e20 of the disk; on \n-000084e0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 6974 modern disks, it\n-000084f0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6120 7065 7266 is often a perf\n-00008500: 6f72 6d61 6e63 650a 6164 7661 6e74 6167 ormance.advantag\n-00008510: 6520 746f 2061 6c69 676e 2070 6172 7469 e to align parti\n-00008520: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f6e 206c 6172 6765 7220 tions on larger \n-00008530: 626f 756e 6461 7269 6573 2061 6e79 7761 boundaries anywa\n-00008540: 792c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a y, so the first.\n-00008550: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d69 6768 7420 partition might \n-00008560: 7374 6172 7420 3120 4d69 4220 6672 6f6d start 1 MiB from\n-00008570: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-00008580: 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a47 5054 0a3d 3d3d e disk...GPT.===\n-00008590: 0a0a 536f 6d65 206e 6577 6572 2073 7973 ..Some newer sys\n-000085a0: 7465 6d73 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5549 tems use the GUI\n-000085b0: 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c D Partition Tabl\n-000085c0: 6520 2847 5054 2920 666f 726d 6174 2e20 e (GPT) format. \n-000085d0: 2054 6869 7320 7761 730a 7370 6563 6966 This was.specif\n-000085e0: 6965 6420 6173 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 ied as part of t\n-000085f0: 6865 2045 7874 656e 7369 626c 6520 4669 he Extensible Fi\n-00008600: 726d 7761 7265 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 rmware Interface\n-00008610: 2028 4546 4929 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 (EFI), but it c\n-00008620: 616e 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 an.also be used \n-00008630: 6f6e 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d on BIOS platform\n-00008640: 7320 6966 2073 7973 7465 6d20 736f 6674 s if system soft\n-00008650: 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6974 ware supports it\n-00008660: 3b20 666f 720a 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 ; for.example, G\n-00008670: 5255 4220 616e 6420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 RUB and GNU/Linu\n-00008680: 7820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e x can be used in\n-00008690: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 this configurat\n-000086a0: 696f 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 0a74 6869 7320 ion. With.this \n-000086b0: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 6974 2069 7320 706f format, it is po\n-000086c0: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 7365 7276 ssible to reserv\n-000086d0: 6520 6120 7768 6f6c 6520 7061 7274 6974 e a whole partit\n-000086e0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c0a 6361 ion for GRUB,.ca\n-000086f0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f lled the BIOS Bo\n-00008700: 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2047 ot Partition. G\n-00008710: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 RUB can then be \n-00008720: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 embedded into th\n-00008730: 6174 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 at.partition wit\n-00008740: 686f 7574 2074 6865 2072 6973 6b20 6f66 hout the risk of\n-00008750: 2062 6569 6e67 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 being overwritt\n-00008760: 656e 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 en by other soft\n-00008770: 7761 7265 2061 6e64 0a77 6974 686f 7574 ware and.without\n-00008780: 2062 6569 6e67 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 being contained\n-00008790: 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d in a filesystem\n-000087a0: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 206d 6f76 which might mov\n-000087b0: 6520 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 0a61 726f e its blocks.aro\n-000087c0: 756e 642e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6372 und... When cr\n-000087d0: 6561 7469 6e67 2061 2042 494f 5320 426f eating a BIOS Bo\n-000087e0: 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 ot Partition on \n-000087f0: 6120 4750 5420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 796f a GPT system, yo\n-00008800: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206d 616b 650a 7375 u should make.su\n-00008810: 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6174 re that it is at\n-00008820: 206c 6561 7374 2033 3120 4b69 4220 696e least 31 KiB in\n-00008830: 2073 697a 652e 2020 2847 5054 2d66 6f72 size. (GPT-for\n-00008840: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 matted disks are\n-00008850: 206e 6f74 0a75 7375 616c 6c79 2070 6172 not.usually par\n-00008860: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 736d 616c 6c2c ticularly small,\n-00008870: 2073 6f20 7765 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 so we recommend\n-00008880: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2069 that you make i\n-00008890: 7420 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 7468 t larger than.th\n-000088a0: 6520 6261 7265 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 e bare minimum, \n-000088b0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 3120 4d69 422c 2074 such as 1 MiB, t\n-000088c0: 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 706c 656e 7479 206f o allow plenty o\n-000088d0: 6620 726f 6f6d 2066 6f72 2067 726f 7774 f room for growt\n-000088e0: 682e 290a 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 h.).You must als\n-000088f0: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 o make sure that\n-00008900: 2069 7420 6861 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f70 it has the prop\n-00008910: 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 er partition typ\n-00008920: 652e 2020 5573 696e 670a 474e 5520 5061 e. Using.GNU Pa\n-00008930: 7274 6564 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7365 rted, you can se\n-00008940: 7420 7468 6973 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2063 t this using a c\n-00008950: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 ommand such as t\n-00008960: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n-00008970: 2020 2020 2320 7061 7274 6564 202f 6465 # parted /de\n-00008980: 762f 4449 534b 2073 6574 2050 4152 5449 v/DISK set PARTI\n-00008990: 5449 4f4e 2d4e 554d 4245 5220 6269 6f73 TION-NUMBER bios\n-000089a0: 5f67 7275 6220 6f6e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 _grub on.. If \n-000089b0: 796f 7520 6172 6520 7573 696e 6720 6764 you are using gd\n-000089c0: 6973 6b2c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2070 6172 isk, set the par\n-000089d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 746f 2027 tition type to '\n-000089e0: 3078 4546 3032 272e 2020 5769 7468 0a70 0xEF02'. With.p\n-000089f0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 696e 6720 7072 6f67 artitioning prog\n-00008a00: 7261 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7265 7175 6972 rams that requir\n-00008a10: 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 e setting the GU\n-00008a20: 4944 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2069 7420 ID directly, it \n-00008a30: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 2732 3136 3836 should.be '21686\n-00008a40: 3134 382d 3634 3439 2d36 6536 662d 3734 148-6449-6e6f-74\n-00008a50: 3465 3635 3635 3634 3435 3436 3439 272e 4e656564454649'.\n-00008a60: 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 .. *Caution:* \n-00008a70: 4265 2076 6572 7920 6361 7265 6675 6c20 Be very careful \n-00008a80: 7768 6963 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 which partition \n-00008a90: 796f 7520 7365 6c65 6374 2120 2057 6865 you select! Whe\n-00008aa0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a66 696e 6473 2061 2042 n GRUB.finds a B\n-00008ab0: 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 IOS Boot Partiti\n-00008ac0: 6f6e 2064 7572 696e 6720 696e 7374 616c on during instal\n-00008ad0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 lation, it will \n-00008ae0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6f76 automatically.ov\n-00008af0: 6572 7772 6974 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 erwrite part of \n-00008b00: 6974 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 it. Make sure t\n-00008b10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f hat the partitio\n-00008b20: 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 n does not conta\n-00008b30: 696e 2061 6e79 0a6f 7468 6572 2064 6174 in any.other dat\n-00008b40: 612e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 a.....File: grub\n-00008b50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426f .info, Node: Bo\n-00008b60: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f oting, Next: Co\n-00008b70: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00008b80: 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ev: Installation\n-00008b90: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 426f , Up: Top..5 Bo\n-00008ba0: 6f74 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a oting.*********.\n-00008bb0: 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204d .GRUB can load M\n-00008bc0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n-00008bd0: 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6120 nt kernels in a \n-00008be0: 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e74 2077 6179 2c20 consistent way, \n-00008bf0: 6275 7420 666f 720a 736f 6d65 2066 7265 but for.some fre\n-00008c00: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n-00008c10: 656d 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ems you need to \n-00008c20: 7573 6520 736f 6d65 204f 532d 7370 6563 use some OS-spec\n-00008c30: 6966 6963 206d 6167 6963 2e0a 0a2a 204d ific magic...* M\n-00008c40: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 enu:..* General \n-00008c50: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a3a 2020 boot methods:: \n-00008c60: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f How to boo\n-00008c70: 7420 4f53 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 t OSes with GRUB\n-00008c80: 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a2a 204c 6f6f generally.* Loo\n-00008c90: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 pback booting:: \n-00008ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 Notes\n-00008cb0: 206f 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d on booting from\n-00008cc0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b73 0a2a 204c 564d loopbacks.* LVM\n-00008cd0: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a cache booting::\n-00008ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 Notes\n-00008cf0: 206f 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d on booting from\n-00008d00: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 LVM cache logic\n-00008d10: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2a20 4f53 2d73 al volume.* OS-s\n-00008d20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 733a 3a20 pecific notes:: \n-00008d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n-00008d40: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e on some operatin\n-00008d50: 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c g systems....Fil\n-00008d60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00008d70: 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f ode: General boo\n-00008d80: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 t methods, Next\n-00008d90: 3a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 : Loopback booti\n-00008da0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ng, Up: Booting\n-00008db0: 0a0a 352e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f ..5.1 How to boo\n-00008dc0: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n-00008dd0: 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ems.============\n+00007300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 ======..If the d\n+00007310: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 evice map file e\n+00007320: 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 xists, the GRUB \n+00007330: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 2827 6772 7562 utilities ('grub\n+00007340: 2d70 726f 6265 272c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 -probe', etc.).r\n+00007350: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n+00007360: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n+00007370: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n+00007380: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n+00007390: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n+000073a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n+000073b0: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n+000073c0: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n+000073d0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n+000073e0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n+000073f0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n+00007400: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n+00007410: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n+00007420: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n+00007430: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n+00007440: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n+00007450: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007460: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n+00007470: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+00007480: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n+00007490: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n+000074a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+000074b0: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n+000074c0: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n+000074d0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n+000074e0: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000074f0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+00007500: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n+00007510: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n+00007520: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n+00007530: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n+00007540: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n+00007550: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n+00007560: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00007570: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n+00007580: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n+00007590: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n+000075a0: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n+000075b0: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n+000075c0: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n+000075d0: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n+000075e0: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n+000075f0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+00007600: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n+00007610: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n+00007620: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n+00007630: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n+00007640: 2070 7265 6669 7820 2827 2f64 6576 2f68 prefix ('/dev/h\n+00007650: 642a 2720 7665 7273 7573 2027 2f64 6576 d*' versus '/dev\n+00007660: 2f73 642a 2729 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 /sd*') may chang\n+00007670: 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 e.depending on t\n+00007680: 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 he driver subsys\n+00007690: 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 tem in use. As \n+000076a0: 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 a result, the de\n+000076b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 vice map.file re\n+000076c0: 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 quired frequent \n+000076d0: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 editing on some \n+000076e0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 systems... GRU\n+000076f0: 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 B avoids this pr\n+00007700: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 oblem nowadays b\n+00007710: 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 y using UUIDs or\n+00007720: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 file system.lab\n+00007730: 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 els when generat\n+00007740: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 ing 'grub.cfg', \n+00007750: 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 and we advise th\n+00007760: 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 at you do the sa\n+00007770: 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f me.for any custo\n+00007780: 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 m menu entries y\n+00007790: 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ou write. If th\n+000077a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n+000077b0: 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 e does not.exist\n+000077c0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 , then the GRUB \n+000077d0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 utilities will a\n+000077e0: 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 ssume a temporar\n+000077f0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 y device map on \n+00007800: 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 the.fly. This i\n+00007810: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f s often good eno\n+00007820: 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ugh, particularl\n+00007830: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 y in the common \n+00007840: 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 case of.single-d\n+00007850: 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 isk systems... \n+00007860: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 However, the de\n+00007870: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 vice map file is\n+00007880: 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 not entirely ob\n+00007890: 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 solete yet, and \n+000078a0: 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f it is.used for o\n+000078b0: 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 verriding when c\n+000078c0: 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 urrent environme\n+000078d0: 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 nt is different \n+000078e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 from the one.on \n+000078f0: 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d boot. Most comm\n+00007900: 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f on case is if yo\n+00007910: 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f u use a partitio\n+00007920: 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c n or logical vol\n+00007930: 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f ume.as a disk fo\n+00007940: 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e r virtual machin\n+00007950: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 e. You can put \n+00007960: 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 any comments in \n+00007970: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 the file if.need\n+00007980: 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ed, as the GRUB \n+00007990: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 utilities assume\n+000079a0: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 that a line is \n+000079b0: 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 just a comment i\n+000079c0: 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 f.the first char\n+000079d0: 6163 7465 7220 6973 2027 2327 2e0a 0a1f acter is '#'....\n+000079e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000079f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n+00007a00: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+00007a10: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n+00007a20: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n+00007a30: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n+00007a40: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n+00007a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n+00007a60: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n+00007a70: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007a80: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n+00007a90: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n+00007aa0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n+00007ab0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n+00007ac0: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00007ad0: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n+00007ae0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n+00007af0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n+00007b00: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n+00007b10: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n+00007b20: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n+00007b30: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n+00007b40: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n+00007b50: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n+00007b60: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00007b70: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n+00007b80: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n+00007b90: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n+00007ba0: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n+00007bb0: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n+00007bc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n+00007bd0: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n+00007be0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n+00007bf0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n+00007c00: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n+00007c10: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n+00007c20: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n+00007c30: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+00007c40: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n+00007c50: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n+00007c60: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n+00007c70: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n+00007c80: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n+00007c90: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n+00007ca0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n+00007cb0: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n+00007cc0: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n+00007cd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n+00007ce0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n+00007cf0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n+00007d00: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n+00007d10: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n+00007d20: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n+00007d30: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n+00007d40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n+00007d50: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n+00007d60: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n+00007d70: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n+00007d80: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n+00007d90: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n+00007da0: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n+00007db0: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n+00007dc0: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n+00007dd0: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n+00007de0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n+00007df0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n+00007e00: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n+00007e10: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n+00007e20: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n+00007e30: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n+00007e40: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n+00007e50: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n+00007e60: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n+00007e70: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n+00007e80: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n+00007e90: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n+00007ea0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n+00007eb0: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n+00007ec0: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n+00007ed0: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n+00007ee0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7573 6520 must:.. * use \n+00007ef0: 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b biosdisk as disk\n+00007f00: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 access module f\n+00007f10: 6f72 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 202a 206e 6f74 or '/boot' * not\n+00007f20: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 6464 6974 696f use any.additio\n+00007f30: 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 nal partition ma\n+00007f40: 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2027 2f62 ps to access '/b\n+00007f50: 6f6f 7427 202a 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 206d oot' * '/boot' m\n+00007f60: 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 ust be on one of\n+00007f70: 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 .following files\n+00007f80: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 2a20 4146 4653 2c20 ystems: * AFFS, \n+00007f90: 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 AFS, BFS, cpio, \n+00007fa0: 6e65 7763 2c20 6f64 632c 2065 7874 322f newc, odc, ext2/\n+00007fb0: 332f 342c 2046 4154 2c0a 6578 4641 542c 3/4, FAT,.exFAT,\n+00007fc0: 2046 3246 532c 2048 4653 2c20 756e 636f F2FS, HFS, unco\n+00007fd0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 mpressed HFS+, I\n+00007fe0: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e SO9660, JFS, Min\n+00007ff0: 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c0a 4d69 6e69 ix, Minix2,.Mini\n+00008000: 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 x3, NILFS2, NTFS\n+00008010: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 524f 4d46 , ReiserFS, ROMF\n+00008020: 532c 2053 4653 2c20 7461 722c 2055 4446 S, SFS, tar, UDF\n+00008030: 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 2c20 5846 , UFS1, UFS2, XF\n+00008040: 530a 0a20 2020 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6861 S.. MBR gap ha\n+00008050: 7320 6665 7720 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 s few technical \n+00008060: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 7265 problems. There\n+00008070: 2069 7320 6e6f 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7265 is no way to re\n+00008080: 7365 7276 6520 7370 6163 650a 696e 2074 serve space.in t\n+00008090: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 he embedding are\n+000080a0: 6120 7769 7468 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 a with complete \n+000080b0: 7361 6665 7479 2c20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 safety, and some\n+000080c0: 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 0a73 6f66 proprietary.sof\n+000080d0: 7477 6172 6520 6973 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 tware is known t\n+000080e0: 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 o use it to make\n+000080f0: 2069 7420 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 666f it difficult fo\n+00008100: 7220 7573 6572 7320 746f 2077 6f72 6b0a r users to work.\n+00008110: 6172 6f75 6e64 206c 6963 656e 7369 6e67 around licensing\n+00008120: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 restrictions. \n+00008130: 4752 5542 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 7420 6172 GRUB works it ar\n+00008140: 6f75 6e64 2062 7920 6465 7465 6374 696e ound by detectin\n+00008150: 670a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6279 206f 7468 g.sectors by oth\n+00008160: 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 6420 er software and \n+00008170: 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 616e avoiding them an\n+00008180: 6420 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7473 d protecting its\n+00008190: 206f 776e 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 own.sectors usi\n+000081a0: 6e67 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e20 ng Reed-Solomon \n+000081b0: 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 encoding... GR\n+000081c0: 5542 2074 6561 6d20 7265 636f 6d6d 656e UB team recommen\n+000081d0: 6473 2068 6176 696e 6720 4d42 5220 6761 ds having MBR ga\n+000081e0: 7020 6f66 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 p of at least 10\n+000081f0: 3030 204b 6942 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 00 KiB.. Shoul\n+00008200: 6420 6974 2062 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 d it be not poss\n+00008210: 6962 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7375 ible GRUB has su\n+00008220: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 6120 6661 6c6c pport for a fall\n+00008230: 6261 636b 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a 7768 back solution.wh\n+00008240: 6963 6820 6973 2068 6561 7669 6c79 2072 ich is heavily r\n+00008250: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2061 6761 696e ecommended again\n+00008260: 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 st. Installing \n+00008270: 746f 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 to a filesystem \n+00008280: 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means.that GRUB \n+00008290: 6973 2076 756c 6e65 7261 626c 6520 746f is vulnerable to\n+000082a0: 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6265 696e its blocks bein\n+000082b0: 6720 6d6f 7665 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 g moved around b\n+000082c0: 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a66 6561 y filesystem.fea\n+000082d0: 7475 7265 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 7461 tures such as ta\n+000082e0: 696c 2070 6163 6b69 6e67 2c20 6f72 2065 il packing, or e\n+000082f0: 7665 6e20 6279 2061 6767 7265 7373 6976 ven by aggressiv\n+00008300: 6520 6673 636b 0a69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 e fsck.implement\n+00008310: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 736f 2074 6869 7320 ations, so this \n+00008320: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2069 7320 7175 6974 approach is quit\n+00008330: 6520 6672 6167 696c 653b 2061 6e64 2074 e fragile; and t\n+00008340: 6869 7320 6170 7072 6f61 6368 0a63 616e his approach.can\n+00008350: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6966 only be used if\n+00008360: 2074 6865 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 2066 696c the '/boot' fil\n+00008370: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6973 206f 6e20 7468 esystem is on th\n+00008380: 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 e same disk that\n+00008390: 2074 6865 0a42 494f 5320 626f 6f74 7320 the.BIOS boots \n+000083a0: 6672 6f6d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 4752 from, so that GR\n+000083b0: 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 UB does not have\n+000083c0: 2074 6f20 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 6775 6573 to rely on gues\n+000083d0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6472 6976 6520 sing BIOS.drive \n+000083e0: 6e75 6d62 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 numbers... The\n+000083f0: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e GRUB developmen\n+00008400: 7420 7465 616d 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 t team generally\n+00008410: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 656d 6265 recommends embe\n+00008420: 6464 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6566 6f72 dding GRUB befor\n+00008430: 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 e.the first part\n+00008440: 6974 696f 6e2c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f ition, unless yo\n+00008450: 7520 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 u have special r\n+00008460: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 596f equirements. Yo\n+00008470: 7520 6d75 7374 0a65 6e73 7572 6520 7468 u must.ensure th\n+00008480: 6174 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 at the first par\n+00008490: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 7320 6174 tition starts at\n+000084a0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4220 least 1000 KiB \n+000084b0: 2832 3030 3020 7365 6374 6f72 7329 0a66 (2000 sectors).f\n+000084c0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 rom the start of\n+000084d0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b3b 206f 6e20 6d6f the disk; on mo\n+000084e0: 6465 726e 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 6974 2069 dern disks, it i\n+000084f0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6120 7065 7266 6f72 s often a perfor\n+00008500: 6d61 6e63 650a 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 mance.advantage \n+00008510: 746f 2061 6c69 676e 2070 6172 7469 7469 to align partiti\n+00008520: 6f6e 7320 6f6e 206c 6172 6765 7220 626f ons on larger bo\n+00008530: 756e 6461 7269 6573 2061 6e79 7761 792c undaries anyway,\n+00008540: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 so the first.pa\n+00008550: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d69 6768 7420 7374 rtition might st\n+00008560: 6172 7420 3120 4d69 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 art 1 MiB from t\n+00008570: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+00008580: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a47 5054 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a disk...GPT.===..\n+00008590: 536f 6d65 206e 6577 6572 2073 7973 7465 Some newer syste\n+000085a0: 6d73 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 ms use the GUID \n+000085b0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 Partition Table \n+000085c0: 2847 5054 2920 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2054 (GPT) format. T\n+000085d0: 6869 7320 7761 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 his was.specifie\n+000085e0: 6420 6173 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 d as part of the\n+000085f0: 2045 7874 656e 7369 626c 6520 4669 726d Extensible Firm\n+00008600: 7761 7265 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 ware Interface (\n+00008610: 4546 4929 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e EFI), but it can\n+00008620: 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6f6e .also be used on\n+00008630: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 BIOS platforms \n+00008640: 6966 2073 7973 7465 6d20 736f 6674 7761 if system softwa\n+00008650: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6974 3b20 re supports it; \n+00008660: 666f 720a 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 for.example, GRU\n+00008670: 4220 616e 6420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 B and GNU/Linux \n+00008680: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 can be used in t\n+00008690: 6869 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f his configuratio\n+000086a0: 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 0a74 6869 7320 666f n. With.this fo\n+000086b0: 726d 6174 2c20 6974 2069 7320 706f 7373 rmat, it is poss\n+000086c0: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 7365 7276 6520 ible to reserve \n+000086d0: 6120 7768 6f6c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f a whole partitio\n+000086e0: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c0a 6361 6c6c n for GRUB,.call\n+000086f0: 6564 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 ed the BIOS Boot\n+00008700: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2047 5255 Partition. GRU\n+00008710: 4220 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 656d B can then be em\n+00008720: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6174 bedded into that\n+00008730: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f .partition witho\n+00008740: 7574 2074 6865 2072 6973 6b20 6f66 2062 ut the risk of b\n+00008750: 6569 6e67 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e eing overwritten\n+00008760: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 by other softwa\n+00008770: 7265 2061 6e64 0a77 6974 686f 7574 2062 re and.without b\n+00008780: 6569 6e67 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 eing contained i\n+00008790: 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2077 n a filesystem w\n+000087a0: 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 206d 6f76 6520 hich might move \n+000087b0: 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 0a61 726f 756e its blocks.aroun\n+000087c0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6372 6561 d... When crea\n+000087d0: 7469 6e67 2061 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 ting a BIOS Boot\n+000087e0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6120 Partition on a \n+000087f0: 4750 5420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 796f 7520 GPT system, you \n+00008800: 7368 6f75 6c64 206d 616b 650a 7375 7265 should make.sure\n+00008810: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6174 206c that it is at l\n+00008820: 6561 7374 2033 3120 4b69 4220 696e 2073 east 31 KiB in s\n+00008830: 697a 652e 2020 2847 5054 2d66 6f72 6d61 ize. (GPT-forma\n+00008840: 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e tted disks are n\n+00008850: 6f74 0a75 7375 616c 6c79 2070 6172 7469 ot.usually parti\n+00008860: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 cularly small, s\n+00008870: 6f20 7765 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 o we recommend t\n+00008880: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 hat you make it \n+00008890: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 7468 6520 larger than.the \n+000088a0: 6261 7265 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 7375 bare minimum, su\n+000088b0: 6368 2061 7320 3120 4d69 422c 2074 6f20 ch as 1 MiB, to \n+000088c0: 616c 6c6f 7720 706c 656e 7479 206f 6620 allow plenty of \n+000088d0: 726f 6f6d 2066 6f72 2067 726f 7774 682e room for growth.\n+000088e0: 290a 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 6f20 ).You must also \n+000088f0: 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 make sure that i\n+00008900: 7420 6861 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 t has the proper\n+00008910: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 652e partition type.\n+00008920: 2020 5573 696e 670a 474e 5520 5061 7274 Using.GNU Part\n+00008930: 6564 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7365 7420 ed, you can set \n+00008940: 7468 6973 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6d this using a com\n+00008950: 6d61 6e64 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 mand such as the\n+00008960: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 following:.. \n+00008970: 2020 2320 7061 7274 6564 202f 6465 762f # parted /dev/\n+00008980: 4449 534b 2073 6574 2050 4152 5449 5449 DISK set PARTITI\n+00008990: 4f4e 2d4e 554d 4245 5220 6269 6f73 5f67 ON-NUMBER bios_g\n+000089a0: 7275 6220 6f6e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f rub on.. If yo\n+000089b0: 7520 6172 6520 7573 696e 6720 6764 6973 u are using gdis\n+000089c0: 6b2c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 k, set the parti\n+000089d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 746f 2027 3078 tion type to '0x\n+000089e0: 4546 3032 272e 2020 5769 7468 0a70 6172 EF02'. With.par\n+000089f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 696e 6720 7072 6f67 7261 titioning progra\n+00008a00: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 ms that require \n+00008a10: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 setting the GUID\n+00008a20: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2069 7420 7368 directly, it sh\n+00008a30: 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 2732 3136 3836 3134 ould.be '2168614\n+00008a40: 382d 3634 3439 2d36 6536 662d 3734 3465 8-6449-6e6f-744e\n+00008a50: 3635 3635 3634 3435 3436 3439 272e 0a0a 656564454649'...\n+00008a60: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4265 *Caution:* Be\n+00008a70: 2076 6572 7920 6361 7265 6675 6c20 7768 very careful wh\n+00008a80: 6963 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 796f ich partition yo\n+00008a90: 7520 7365 6c65 6374 2120 2057 6865 6e20 u select! When \n+00008aa0: 4752 5542 0a66 696e 6473 2061 2042 494f GRUB.finds a BIO\n+00008ab0: 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e S Boot Partition\n+00008ac0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 696e 7374 616c 6c61 during installa\n+00008ad0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6175 tion, it will au\n+00008ae0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6f76 6572 tomatically.over\n+00008af0: 7772 6974 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 6974 write part of it\n+00008b00: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 . Make sure tha\n+00008b10: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n+00008b20: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e does not contain\n+00008b30: 2061 6e79 0a6f 7468 6572 2064 6174 612e any.other data.\n+00008b40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00008b50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426f 6f74 nfo, Node: Boot\n+00008b60: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6e66 ing, Next: Conf\n+00008b70: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00008b80: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n+00008b90: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 426f 6f74 Up: Top..5 Boot\n+00008ba0: 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 ing.*********..G\n+00008bb0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204d 756c RUB can load Mul\n+00008bc0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+00008bd0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6120 636f kernels in a co\n+00008be0: 6e73 6973 7465 6e74 2077 6179 2c20 6275 nsistent way, bu\n+00008bf0: 7420 666f 720a 736f 6d65 2066 7265 6520 t for.some free \n+00008c00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00008c10: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 s you need to us\n+00008c20: 6520 736f 6d65 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 e some OS-specif\n+00008c30: 6963 206d 6167 6963 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e ic magic...* Men\n+00008c40: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f u:..* General bo\n+00008c50: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 ot methods:: \n+00008c60: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 How to boot \n+00008c70: 4f53 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2067 OSes with GRUB g\n+00008c80: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a2a 204c 6f6f 7062 enerally.* Loopb\n+00008c90: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 ack booting:: \n+00008ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008cb0: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 206c n booting from l\n+00008cc0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b73 0a2a 204c 564d 2063 oopbacks.* LVM c\n+00008cd0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 ache booting:: \n+00008ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008cf0: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c n booting from L\n+00008d00: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00008d10: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 volume.* OS-spe\n+00008d20: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 733a 3a20 2020 cific notes:: \n+00008d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008d40: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 some operating \n+00008d50: 7379 7374 656d 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a systems....File:\n+00008d60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00008d70: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 e: General boot \n+00008d80: 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 methods, Next: \n+00008d90: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00008da0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n+00008db0: 352e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 5.1 How to boot \n+00008dc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00008dd0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n 00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008df0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 =====..GRUB has \n-00008e00: 7477 6f20 6469 7374 696e 6374 2062 6f6f two distinct boo\n-00008e10: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 t methods. One \n-00008e20: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 776f 2069 7320 746f of the two is to\n-00008e30: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 load an.operati\n-00008e40: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 ng system direct\n-00008e50: 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f74 6865 ly, and the othe\n-00008e60: 7220 6973 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f r is to chain-lo\n-00008e70: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 740a ad another boot.\n-00008e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 loader which the\n-00008e90: 6e20 7769 6c6c 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f n will load an o\n-00008ea0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00008eb0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2e20 2047 656e 6572 actually. Gener\n-00008ec0: 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 616b 696e 672c 2074 ally.speaking, t\n-00008ed0: 6865 2066 6f72 6d65 7220 6973 206d 6f72 he former is mor\n-00008ee0: 6520 6465 7369 7261 626c 652c 2062 6563 e desirable, bec\n-00008ef0: 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e ause you don't n\n-00008f00: 6565 6420 746f 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f eed to.install o\n-00008f10: 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 r maintain other\n-00008f20: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e boot loaders an\n-00008f30: 6420 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 d GRUB is flexib\n-00008f40: 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 0a6c 6f61 le enough to.loa\n-00008f50: 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an operating s\n-00008f60: 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 ystem from an ar\n-00008f70: 6269 7472 6172 7920 6469 736b 2f70 6172 bitrary disk/par\n-00008f80: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tition. However\n-00008f90: 2c20 7468 650a 6c61 7474 6572 2069 7320 , the.latter is \n-00008fa0: 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 sometimes requir\n-00008fb0: 6564 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2064 ed, since GRUB d\n-00008fc0: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 oesn't support a\n-00008fd0: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 ll the.existing \n-00008fe0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00008ff0: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a2a 204d s natively...* M\n-00009000: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 enu:..* Loading \n-00009010: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00009020: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3a3a 0a2a tem directly::.*\n-00009030: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a Chain-loading::\n-00009040: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00009050: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 nfo, Node: Load\n-00009060: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n-00009070: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n-00009080: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c , Next: Chain-l\n-00009090: 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e oading, Up: Gen\n-000090a0: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n-000090b0: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 s..5.1.1 How to \n-000090c0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6972 6563 boot an OS direc\n-000090d0: 746c 7920 7769 7468 2047 5255 420a 2d2d tly with GRUB.--\n+00008df0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 7477 ===..GRUB has tw\n+00008e00: 6f20 6469 7374 696e 6374 2062 6f6f 7420 o distinct boot \n+00008e10: 6d65 7468 6f64 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 6f66 methods. One of\n+00008e20: 2074 6865 2074 776f 2069 7320 746f 206c the two is to l\n+00008e30: 6f61 6420 616e 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 oad an.operating\n+00008e40: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n+00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 , and the other \n+00008e60: 6973 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 is to chain-load\n+00008e70: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 740a 6c6f another boot.lo\n+00008e80: 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 6e20 ader which then \n+00008e90: 7769 6c6c 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 will load an ope\n+00008ea0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6163 rating system ac\n+00008eb0: 7475 616c 6c79 2e20 2047 656e 6572 616c tually. General\n+00008ec0: 6c79 0a73 7065 616b 696e 672c 2074 6865 ly.speaking, the\n+00008ed0: 2066 6f72 6d65 7220 6973 206d 6f72 6520 former is more \n+00008ee0: 6465 7369 7261 626c 652c 2062 6563 6175 desirable, becau\n+00008ef0: 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 se you don't nee\n+00008f00: 6420 746f 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 d to.install or \n+00008f10: 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 maintain other b\n+00008f20: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 6420 oot loaders and \n+00008f30: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 GRUB is flexible\n+00008f40: 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 0a6c 6f61 6420 enough to.load \n+00008f50: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00008f60: 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 tem from an arbi\n+00008f70: 7472 6172 7920 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 trary disk/parti\n+00008f80: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 tion. However, \n+00008f90: 7468 650a 6c61 7474 6572 2069 7320 736f the.latter is so\n+00008fa0: 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 metimes required\n+00008fb0: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 , since GRUB doe\n+00008fc0: 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c sn't support all\n+00008fd0: 2074 6865 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f70 the.existing op\n+00008fe0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n+00008ff0: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e natively...* Men\n+00009000: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e u:..* Loading an\n+00009010: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00009020: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3a3a 0a2a 2043 m directly::.* C\n+00009030: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 0a0a hain-loading::..\n+00009040: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00009050: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e o, Node: Loadin\n+00009060: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00009070: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n+00009080: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Next: Chain-loa\n+00009090: 6469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 ding, Up: Gener\n+000090a0: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n+000090b0: 0a35 2e31 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f .5.1.1 How to bo\n+000090c0: 6f74 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6972 6563 746c ot an OS directl\n+000090d0: 7920 7769 7468 2047 5255 420a 2d2d 2d2d y with GRUB.----\n 000090e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4d75 6c74 6962 --------..Multib\n-00009110: 6f6f 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 756c 7469 oot (*note Multi\n-00009120: 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 boot Specificati\n-00009130: 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 on: (multiboot)T\n-00009140: 6f70 2e29 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e61 7469 op.) is the nati\n-00009150: 7665 0a66 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 7070 6f72 ve.format suppor\n-00009160: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422e 2046 6f72 ted by GRUB. For\n-00009170: 2074 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e the sake of con\n-00009180: 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 7468 6572 6520 venience, there \n-00009190: 6973 2061 6c73 6f0a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 is also.support \n-000091a0: 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 for Linux, FreeB\n-000091b0: 5344 2c20 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f SD, NetBSD and O\n-000091c0: 7065 6e42 5344 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2077 penBSD. If you w\n-000091d0: 616e 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 740a 6f74 6865 ant to boot.othe\n-000091e0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-000091f0: 656d 732c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6861 ems, you will ha\n-00009200: 7665 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 ve to chain-load\n-00009210: 2074 6865 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6861 them (*note.Cha\n-00009220: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a in-loading::)...\n-00009230: 2020 2046 4958 4d45 3a20 7468 6973 2073 FIXME: this s\n-00009240: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 696e 636f 6d70 ection is incomp\n-00009250: 6c65 7465 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5275 6e20 lete... 1. Run \n-00009260: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2762 6f6f the command 'boo\n-00009270: 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a t' (*note boot::\n-00009280: 292e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 )... However, \n-00009290: 444f 5320 616e 6420 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 DOS and Windows \n-000092a0: 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6465 6669 6369 have some defici\n-000092b0: 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d encies, so you m\n-000092c0: 6967 6874 2068 6176 6520 746f 0a75 7365 ight have to.use\n-000092d0: 206d 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 6361 7465 more complicate\n-000092e0: 6420 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 d instructions. \n-000092f0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f *Note DOS/Windo\n-00009300: 7773 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 ws::, for more.i\n-00009310: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00009320: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00009330: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Node: Chain-loa\n-00009340: 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 ding, Prev: Loa\n-00009350: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n-00009360: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n-00009370: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 y, Up: General \n-00009380: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e boot methods..5.\n-00009390: 312e 3220 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 1.2 Chain-loadin\n-000093a0: 6720 616e 204f 530a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d g an OS.--------\n-000093b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000093c0: 2d0a 0a4f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 -..Operating sys\n-000093d0: 7465 6d73 2074 6861 7420 646f 206e 6f74 tems that do not\n-000093e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 204d 756c 7469 626f support Multibo\n-000093f0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6861 ot and do not ha\n-00009400: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 7375 7070 ve specific.supp\n-00009410: 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 4220 2873 7065 ort in GRUB (spe\n-00009420: 6369 6669 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 cific support is\n-00009430: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 204c available for L\n-00009440: 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 0a4e inux, FreeBSD,.N\n-00009450: 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 etBSD and OpenBS\n-00009460: 4429 206d 7573 7420 6265 2063 6861 696e D) must be chain\n-00009470: 2d6c 6f61 6465 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 -loaded, which i\n-00009480: 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 nvolves loading \n-00009490: 616e 6f74 6865 720a 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another.boot loa\n-000094a0: 6465 7220 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 696e 6720 der and jumping \n-000094b0: 746f 2069 7420 696e 2072 6561 6c20 6d6f to it in real mo\n-000094c0: 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2763 6861 de... The 'cha\n-000094d0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2720 636f 6d6d 616e inloader' comman\n-000094e0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6861 696e 6c6f d (*note chainlo\n-000094f0: 6164 6572 3a3a 2920 6973 2075 7365 6420 ader::) is used \n-00009500: 746f 2073 6574 2074 6869 730a 7570 2e20 to set this.up. \n-00009510: 2049 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 It is normally \n-00009520: 616c 736f 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 also necessary t\n-00009530: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 4752 5542 o load some GRUB\n-00009540: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 6e64 2073 6574 modules and set\n-00009550: 2074 6865 0a61 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 the.appropriate\n-00009560: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 root device. P\n-00009570: 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 utting this toge\n-00009580: 7468 6572 2c20 7765 2067 6574 2073 6f6d ther, we get som\n-00009590: 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 ething like.this\n-000095a0: 2c20 666f 7220 6120 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 , for a Windows \n-000095b0: 7379 7374 656d 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 system on the fi\n-000095c0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n-000095d0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 640a the first hard.\n-000095e0: 6469 736b 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 disk:..menuentry\n-000095f0: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7322 207b 0a09 696e \"Windows\" {..in\n-00009600: 736d 6f64 2063 6861 696e 0a09 696e 736d smod chain..insm\n-00009610: 6f64 206e 7466 730a 0973 6574 2072 6f6f od ntfs..set roo\n-00009620: 743d 2868 6430 2c31 290a 0963 6861 696e t=(hd0,1)..chain\n-00009630: 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 7d0a 0a20 2020 loader +1.}.. \n-00009640: 4f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 On systems with \n-00009650: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2068 6172 6420 6469 multiple hard di\n-00009660: 736b 732c 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e sks, an addition\n-00009670: 616c 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6d61 al workaround ma\n-00009680: 7920 6265 0a72 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 y be.required. \n-00009690: 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 *Note DOS/Window\n-000096a0: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c s::... Chain-l\n-000096b0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 oading is only s\n-000096c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2042 upported on PC B\n-000096d0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 706c 6174 IOS and EFI plat\n-000096e0: 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 forms.....File: \n-000096f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00009700: 3a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 : Loopback booti\n-00009710: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 564d 2063 ng, Next: LVM c\n-00009720: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ache booting, P\n-00009730: 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f rev: General boo\n-00009740: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 t methods, Up: \n-00009750: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e32 204c 6f6f Booting..5.2 Loo\n-00009760: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d pback booting.==\n+00009100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ------..Multiboo\n+00009110: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 756c 7469 626f t (*note Multibo\n+00009120: 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ot Specification\n+00009130: 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 : (multiboot)Top\n+00009140: 2e29 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e61 7469 7665 .) is the native\n+00009150: 0a66 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7465 .format supporte\n+00009160: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422e 2046 6f72 2074 d by GRUB. For t\n+00009170: 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 he sake of conve\n+00009180: 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 nience, there is\n+00009190: 2061 6c73 6f0a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f also.support fo\n+000091a0: 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 r Linux, FreeBSD\n+000091b0: 2c20 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 , NetBSD and Ope\n+000091c0: 6e42 5344 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e nBSD. If you wan\n+000091d0: 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 740a 6f74 6865 7220 t to boot.other \n+000091e0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+000091f0: 732c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6861 7665 s, you will have\n+00009200: 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2074 to chain-load t\n+00009210: 6865 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6861 696e hem (*note.Chain\n+00009220: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 -loading::)... \n+00009230: 2046 4958 4d45 3a20 7468 6973 2073 6563 FIXME: this sec\n+00009240: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 tion is incomple\n+00009250: 7465 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5275 6e20 7468 te... 1. Run th\n+00009260: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2762 6f6f 7427 e command 'boot'\n+00009270: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+00009280: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 444f .. However, DO\n+00009290: 5320 616e 6420 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6861 S and Windows ha\n+000092a0: 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6465 6669 6369 656e ve some deficien\n+000092b0: 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6967 cies, so you mig\n+000092c0: 6874 2068 6176 6520 746f 0a75 7365 206d ht have to.use m\n+000092d0: 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 6361 7465 6420 ore complicated \n+000092e0: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 202a instructions. *\n+000092f0: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n+00009300: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 ::, for more.inf\n+00009310: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+00009320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00009330: 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 ode: Chain-loadi\n+00009340: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6469 ng, Prev: Loadi\n+00009350: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n+00009360: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n+00009370: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Up: General bo\n+00009380: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e ot methods..5.1.\n+00009390: 3220 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2 Chain-loading \n+000093a0: 616e 204f 530a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an OS.----------\n+000093b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000093c0: 0a4f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 .Operating syste\n+000093d0: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2073 ms that do not s\n+000093e0: 7570 706f 7274 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 upport Multiboot\n+000093f0: 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 and do not have\n+00009400: 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 7375 7070 6f72 specific.suppor\n+00009410: 7420 696e 2047 5255 4220 2873 7065 6369 t in GRUB (speci\n+00009420: 6669 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 fic support is a\n+00009430: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 204c 696e vailable for Lin\n+00009440: 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 0a4e 6574 ux, FreeBSD,.Net\n+00009450: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 4429 BSD and OpenBSD)\n+00009460: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2063 6861 696e 2d6c must be chain-l\n+00009470: 6f61 6465 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 6e76 oaded, which inv\n+00009480: 6f6c 7665 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e olves loading an\n+00009490: 6f74 6865 720a 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other.boot loade\n+000094a0: 7220 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 696e 6720 746f r and jumping to\n+000094b0: 2069 7420 696e 2072 6561 6c20 6d6f 6465 it in real mode\n+000094c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2763 6861 696e ... The 'chain\n+000094d0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 loader' command \n+000094e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 (*note chainload\n+000094f0: 6572 3a3a 2920 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f er::) is used to\n+00009500: 2073 6574 2074 6869 730a 7570 2e20 2049 set this.up. I\n+00009510: 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 616c t is normally al\n+00009520: 736f 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 so necessary to \n+00009530: 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 4752 5542 206d load some GRUB m\n+00009540: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 odules and set t\n+00009550: 6865 0a61 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 he.appropriate r\n+00009560: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 7574 oot device. Put\n+00009570: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 ting this togeth\n+00009580: 6572 2c20 7765 2067 6574 2073 6f6d 6574 er, we get somet\n+00009590: 6869 6e67 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 2c20 hing like.this, \n+000095a0: 666f 7220 6120 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 7379 for a Windows sy\n+000095b0: 7374 656d 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 stem on the firs\n+000095c0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t partition of t\n+000095d0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 640a 6469 he first hard.di\n+000095e0: 736b 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 sk:..menuentry \"\n+000095f0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7322 207b 0a09 696e 736d Windows\" {..insm\n+00009600: 6f64 2063 6861 696e 0a09 696e 736d 6f64 od chain..insmod\n+00009610: 206e 7466 730a 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d ntfs..set root=\n+00009620: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 0963 6861 696e 6c6f (hd0,1)..chainlo\n+00009630: 6164 6572 202b 310a 7d0a 0a20 2020 4f6e ader +1.}.. On\n+00009640: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6d75 systems with mu\n+00009650: 6c74 6970 6c65 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ltiple hard disk\n+00009660: 732c 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c s, an additional\n+00009670: 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6d61 7920 workaround may \n+00009680: 6265 0a72 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 2a4e be.required. *N\n+00009690: 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a ote DOS/Windows:\n+000096a0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 :... Chain-loa\n+000096b0: 6469 6e67 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 ding is only sup\n+000096c0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f ported on PC BIO\n+000096d0: 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f S and EFI platfo\n+000096e0: 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rms.....File: gr\n+000096f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00009700: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00009710: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Next: LVM cac\n+00009720: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 he booting, Pre\n+00009730: 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 v: General boot \n+00009740: 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 426f methods, Up: Bo\n+00009750: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e32 204c 6f6f 7062 oting..5.2 Loopb\n+00009760: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d ack booting.====\n 00009770: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009780: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 6162 6c65 ==..GRUB is able\n-00009790: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e to read from an\n-000097a0: 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6265 2069 7420 6f6e image (be it on\n-000097b0: 6520 6f66 2043 4420 6f72 2048 4444 2920 e of CD or HDD) \n-000097c0: 7374 6f72 6564 206f 6e0a 616e 7920 6f66 stored on.any of\n-000097d0: 2069 7473 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 its accessible \n-000097e0: 7374 6f72 6167 6573 2028 7265 6665 7220 storages (refer \n-000097f0: 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 to *note loopbac\n-00009800: 6b3a 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6429 2e0a 486f k:: command)..Ho\n-00009810: 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 4f53 2069 7473 wever the OS its\n-00009820: 656c 6620 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 elf should be ab\n-00009830: 6c65 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2069 7473 2072 le to find its r\n-00009840: 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 2075 7375 616c oot. This usual\n-00009850: 6c79 0a69 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7275 6e6e ly.involves runn\n-00009860: 696e 6720 6120 7573 6572 7370 6163 6520 ing a userspace \n-00009870: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 program running \n-00009880: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 before the real \n-00009890: 726f 6f74 2069 730a 6469 7363 6f76 6572 root is.discover\n-000098a0: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6368 ed. This is ach\n-000098b0: 6965 7665 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6c6f ieved by GRUB lo\n-000098c0: 6164 696e 6720 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c6c ading a speciall\n-000098d0: 7920 6d61 6465 2073 6d61 6c6c 0a69 6d61 y made small.ima\n-000098e0: 6765 2061 6e64 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2069 ge and passing i\n-000098f0: 7420 6173 2072 616d 6469 736b 2074 6f20 t as ramdisk to \n-00009900: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2054 6869 the kernel. Thi\n-00009910: 7320 6973 2061 6368 6965 7665 6420 6279 s is achieved by\n-00009920: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 276b 6672 6565 .commands 'kfree\n-00009930: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c 2027 6b6e bsd_module', 'kn\n-00009940: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-00009950: 272c 2027 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d ', 'kopenbsd_ram\n-00009960: 6469 736b 272c 0a27 696e 6974 7264 2720 disk',.'initrd' \n-00009970: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n-00009980: 2c20 2769 6e69 7472 6431 3627 2028 2a6e , 'initrd16' (*n\n-00009990: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 0a27 ote initrd::),.'\n-000099a0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 745f 6d6f 6475 6c65 multiboot_module\n-000099b0: 272c 2027 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 5f6d ', 'multiboot2_m\n-000099c0: 6f64 756c 6527 206f 7220 2778 6e75 5f72 odule' or 'xnu_r\n-000099d0: 616d 6469 736b 2720 6465 7065 6e64 696e amdisk' dependin\n-000099e0: 6720 6f6e 0a74 6865 206c 6f61 6465 722e g on.the loader.\n-000099f0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 666f 7220 Note that for \n-00009a00: 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 7468 6520 696d 6167 knetbsd the imag\n-00009a10: 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7075 7420 696e e must be put in\n-00009a20: 7369 6465 0a6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d side.miniroot.km\n-00009a30: 6f64 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 od and the whole\n-00009a40: 206d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2068 miniroot.kmod h\n-00009a50: 6173 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 642e as to be loaded.\n-00009a60: 2020 496e 206b 6f70 656e 6273 640a 7061 In kopenbsd.pa\n-00009a70: 796c 6f61 6420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6469 yload this is di\n-00009a80: 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c sabled by defaul\n-00009a90: 742e 2020 4164 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 t. Aditionally \n-00009aa0: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2069 6e69 behaviour of ini\n-00009ab0: 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 2064 6570 tial.ramdisk dep\n-00009ac0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ends on command \n-00009ad0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 line options. S\n-00009ae0: 6576 6572 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 everal distribut\n-00009af0: 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 650a 7468 6520 ors provide.the \n-00009b00: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2070 image for this p\n-00009b10: 7572 706f 7365 206f 7220 6974 2773 2069 urpose or it's i\n-00009b20: 6e74 6567 7261 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 ntegrated in the\n-00009b30: 6972 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7261 6d64 ir standard ramd\n-00009b40: 6973 6b0a 616e 6420 6163 7469 7661 7465 isk.and activate\n-00009b50: 6420 6279 2073 7065 6369 616c 206f 7074 d by special opt\n-00009b60: 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f ion. Consult yo\n-00009b70: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 6469 ur kernel and di\n-00009b80: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 0a6d 616e 7561 stribution.manua\n-00009b90: 6c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 l for more detai\n-00009ba0: 6c73 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206c 6f61 6465 ls. Other loade\n-00009bb0: 7273 206c 696b 6520 6170 706c 656c 6f61 rs like appleloa\n-00009bc0: 6465 722c 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 der, chainloader\n-00009bd0: 0a28 4249 4f53 2c20 4546 492c 2063 6f72 .(BIOS, EFI, cor\n-00009be0: 6562 6f6f 7429 2c20 6672 6565 646f 732c eboot), freedos,\n-00009bf0: 206e 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2070 6c61 6e39 ntldr and plan9\n-00009c00: 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 provide no poss\n-00009c10: 6962 696c 6974 790a 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 ibility.of loadi\n-00009c20: 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 ng initial ramdi\n-00009c30: 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 7220 6173 sk and as far as\n-00009c40: 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 author is aware\n-00009c50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e the payloads in\n-00009c60: 0a71 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 .question don't \n-00009c70: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 support either i\n-00009c80: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 206f nitial ramdisk o\n-00009c90: 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f r discovering lo\n-00009ca0: 6f70 6261 636b 0a62 6f6f 7420 696e 206f opback.boot in o\n-00009cb0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ther way and as \n-00009cc0: 7375 6368 206e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7461 626c such not bootabl\n-00009cd0: 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 e this way. Ple\n-00009ce0: 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 0a61 6c74 ase consider.alt\n-00009cf0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 ernative boot me\n-00009d00: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2063 6f70 7969 thods like copyi\n-00009d10: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f ng all files fro\n-00009d20: 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 m the image to a\n-00009d30: 6374 7561 6c0a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ctual.partition.\n-00009d40: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f Consult your O\n-00009d50: 5320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 S documentation \n-00009d60: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n-00009d70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00009d80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c56 4d20 nfo, Node: LVM \n-00009d90: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 cache booting, \n-00009da0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Next: OS-specifi\n-00009db0: 6320 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 c notes, Prev: \n-00009dc0: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n-00009dd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n-00009de0: 352e 3320 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 5.3 Booting from\n-00009df0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 LVM cache logic\n-00009e00: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d al volume.======\n+00009780: 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 6162 6c65 2074 ..GRUB is able t\n+00009790: 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 2069 o read from an i\n+000097a0: 6d61 6765 2028 6265 2069 7420 6f6e 6520 mage (be it one \n+000097b0: 6f66 2043 4420 6f72 2048 4444 2920 7374 of CD or HDD) st\n+000097c0: 6f72 6564 206f 6e0a 616e 7920 6f66 2069 ored on.any of i\n+000097d0: 7473 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 7374 ts accessible st\n+000097e0: 6f72 6167 6573 2028 7265 6665 7220 746f orages (refer to\n+000097f0: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a *note loopback:\n+00009800: 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6429 2e0a 486f 7765 : command)..Howe\n+00009810: 7665 7220 7468 6520 4f53 2069 7473 656c ver the OS itsel\n+00009820: 6620 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 f should be able\n+00009830: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2069 7473 2072 6f6f to find its roo\n+00009840: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 t. This usually\n+00009850: 0a69 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7275 6e6e 696e .involves runnin\n+00009860: 6720 6120 7573 6572 7370 6163 6520 7072 g a userspace pr\n+00009870: 6f67 7261 6d20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6265 ogram running be\n+00009880: 666f 7265 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 726f fore the real ro\n+00009890: 6f74 2069 730a 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 ot is.discovered\n+000098a0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6368 6965 . This is achie\n+000098b0: 7665 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6164 ved by GRUB load\n+000098c0: 696e 6720 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 ing a specially \n+000098d0: 6d61 6465 2073 6d61 6c6c 0a69 6d61 6765 made small.image\n+000098e0: 2061 6e64 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2069 7420 and passing it \n+000098f0: 6173 2072 616d 6469 736b 2074 6f20 7468 as ramdisk to th\n+00009900: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2054 6869 7320 e kernel. This \n+00009910: 6973 2061 6368 6965 7665 6420 6279 0a63 is achieved by.c\n+00009920: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 276b 6672 6565 6273 ommands 'kfreebs\n+00009930: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c 2027 6b6e 6574 d_module', 'knet\n+00009940: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 272c bsd_module_elf',\n+00009950: 2027 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 'kopenbsd_ramdi\n+00009960: 736b 272c 0a27 696e 6974 7264 2720 282a sk',.'initrd' (*\n+00009970: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2c20 note initrd::), \n+00009980: 2769 6e69 7472 6431 3627 2028 2a6e 6f74 'initrd16' (*not\n+00009990: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 0a27 6d75 e initrd::),.'mu\n+000099a0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 745f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c ltiboot_module',\n+000099b0: 2027 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 5f6d 6f64 'multiboot2_mod\n+000099c0: 756c 6527 206f 7220 2778 6e75 5f72 616d ule' or 'xnu_ram\n+000099d0: 6469 736b 2720 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 disk' depending \n+000099e0: 6f6e 0a74 6865 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 on.the loader. \n+000099f0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 666f 7220 6b6e Note that for kn\n+00009a00: 6574 6273 6420 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 etbsd the image \n+00009a10: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7075 7420 696e 7369 must be put insi\n+00009a20: 6465 0a6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 de.miniroot.kmod\n+00009a30: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 206d and the whole m\n+00009a40: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2068 6173 iniroot.kmod has\n+00009a50: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 to be loaded. \n+00009a60: 496e 206b 6f70 656e 6273 640a 7061 796c In kopenbsd.payl\n+00009a70: 6f61 6420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6469 7361 oad this is disa\n+00009a80: 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e bled by default.\n+00009a90: 2020 4164 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6265 Aditionally be\n+00009aa0: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2069 6e69 7469 haviour of initi\n+00009ab0: 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 2064 6570 656e al.ramdisk depen\n+00009ac0: 6473 206f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 ds on command li\n+00009ad0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6576 ne options. Sev\n+00009ae0: 6572 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 eral distributor\n+00009af0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 650a 7468 6520 696d s provide.the im\n+00009b00: 6167 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2070 7572 age for this pur\n+00009b10: 706f 7365 206f 7220 6974 2773 2069 6e74 pose or it's int\n+00009b20: 6567 7261 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 6972 egrated in their\n+00009b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7261 6d64 6973 standard ramdis\n+00009b40: 6b0a 616e 6420 6163 7469 7661 7465 6420 k.and activated \n+00009b50: 6279 2073 7065 6369 616c 206f 7074 696f by special optio\n+00009b60: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n+00009b70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 6469 7374 kernel and dist\n+00009b80: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 0a6d 616e 7561 6c20 ribution.manual \n+00009b90: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+00009ba0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206c 6f61 6465 7273 . Other loaders\n+00009bb0: 206c 696b 6520 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 like appleloade\n+00009bc0: 722c 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a28 r, chainloader.(\n+00009bd0: 4249 4f53 2c20 4546 492c 2063 6f72 6562 BIOS, EFI, coreb\n+00009be0: 6f6f 7429 2c20 6672 6565 646f 732c 206e oot), freedos, n\n+00009bf0: 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2070 6c61 6e39 2070 tldr and plan9 p\n+00009c00: 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 rovide no possib\n+00009c10: 696c 6974 790a 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ility.of loading\n+00009c20: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b initial ramdisk\n+00009c30: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 7220 6173 2061 and as far as a\n+00009c40: 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 uthor is aware t\n+00009c50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 0a71 he payloads in.q\n+00009c60: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 uestion don't su\n+00009c70: 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 pport either ini\n+00009c80: 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 tial ramdisk or \n+00009c90: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 discovering loop\n+00009ca0: 6261 636b 0a62 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 back.boot in oth\n+00009cb0: 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 er way and as su\n+00009cc0: 6368 206e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ch not bootable \n+00009cd0: 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 this way. Pleas\n+00009ce0: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 0a61 6c74 6572 e consider.alter\n+00009cf0: 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 native boot meth\n+00009d00: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 ods like copying\n+00009d10: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 all files from \n+00009d20: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 the image to act\n+00009d30: 7561 6c0a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ual.partition. \n+00009d40: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 5320 Consult your OS \n+00009d50: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n+00009d60: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 0a0a r more details..\n+00009d70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00009d80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 o, Node: LVM ca\n+00009d90: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 che booting, Ne\n+00009da0: 7874 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 xt: OS-specific \n+00009db0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f notes, Prev: Lo\n+00009dc0: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 opback booting, \n+00009dd0: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+00009de0: 3320 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c 3 Booting from L\n+00009df0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00009e00: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d volume.========\n 00009e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00009e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009e30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 ===..The LVM cac\n-00009e40: 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d he logical volum\n-00009e50: 6520 6973 2074 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c e is the logical\n-00009e60: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7469 volume consisti\n-00009e70: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e ng of the.origin\n-00009e80: 616c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 al and the cache\n-00009e90: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f pool logical vo\n-00009ea0: 6c75 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7269 6769 lume. The origi\n-00009eb0: 6e61 6c20 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206f nal is usually o\n-00009ec0: 6e0a 6120 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2073 n.a larger and s\n-00009ed0: 6c6f 7765 7220 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 lower storage de\n-00009ee0: 7669 6365 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2063 vice while the c\n-00009ef0: 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6973 206f 6e20 ache pool is on \n-00009f00: 6120 736d 616c 6c65 720a 616e 6420 6661 a smaller.and fa\n-00009f10: 7374 6572 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2070 ster one. The p\n-00009f20: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 erformance of th\n-00009f30: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6f6c 756d e original volum\n-00009f40: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6d70 726f 7665 e can be improve\n-00009f50: 640a 6279 2073 746f 7269 6e67 2074 6865 d.by storing the\n-00009f60: 2066 7265 7175 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 frequently used\n-00009f70: 2064 6174 6120 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6163 data on the cac\n-00009f80: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 746f 2075 7469 6c69 he pool to utili\n-00009f90: 7a65 2074 6865 0a67 7265 6174 6572 2070 ze the.greater p\n-00009fa0: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 6661 erformance of fa\n-00009fb0: 7374 6572 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 ster device... \n-00009fc0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d GRUB boots from\n-00009fd0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 LVM cache logic\n-00009fe0: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6d65 7265 6c79 al volume merely\n-00009ff0: 2062 7920 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2773 by reading it's\n-0000a000: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 .original logica\n-0000a010: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2073 6f20 7468 6174 l volume so that\n-0000a020: 2064 6972 7479 2064 6174 6120 696e 2063 dirty data in c\n-0000a030: 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 ache pool volume\n-0000a040: 2069 730a 6469 7372 6567 6172 6465 642e is.disregarded.\n-0000a050: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 This is not a \n-0000a060: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 666f 7220 2277 7269 problem for \"wri\n-0000a070: 7465 7468 726f 7567 6822 2063 6163 6865 tethrough\" cache\n-0000a080: 206d 6f64 6520 6173 2069 740a 656e 7375 mode as it.ensu\n-0000a090: 7265 7320 7468 6174 2061 6e79 2064 6174 res that any dat\n-0000a0a0: 6120 7772 6974 7465 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 a written will b\n-0000a0b0: 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2062 6f74 6820 6f6e e stored both on\n-0000a0c0: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2061 6e64 2074 the cache and t\n-0000a0d0: 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 2e20 466f he.origin LV. Fo\n-0000a0e0: 7220 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6361 6368 r the other cach\n-0000a0f0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2022 7772 6974 6562 6163 e mode \"writebac\n-0000a100: 6b22 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6465 6c61 7973 k\", which delays\n-0000a110: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 writing.from th\n-0000a120: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2062 6163 e cache pool bac\n-0000a130: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e20 k to the origin \n-0000a140: 4c56 2074 6f20 626f 6f73 7420 7065 7266 LV to boost perf\n-0000a150: 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 ormance, GRUB ma\n-0000a160: 790a 6661 696c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 y.fail to boot i\n-0000a170: 6e20 7468 6520 7761 6b65 206f 6620 6163 n the wake of ac\n-0000a180: 6369 6465 6e74 616c 2070 6f77 6572 206f cidental power o\n-0000a190: 7574 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2069 7427 utage due to it'\n-0000a1a0: 730a 696e 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2061 s.inability to a\n-0000a1b0: 7373 656d 626c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 ssemble the cach\n-0000a1c0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f72 2072 6561 e device for rea\n-0000a1d0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 ding the require\n-0000a1e0: 6420 6469 7274 790a 6461 7461 206c 6566 d dirty.data lef\n-0000a1f0: 7420 6265 6869 6e64 2e20 2054 6865 2073 t behind. The s\n-0000a200: 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ituation will be\n-0000a210: 2069 6d70 726f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 improved after \n-0000a220: 6164 6469 6e67 2066 756c 6c0a 7375 7070 adding full.supp\n-0000a230: 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 204c 564d 2063 ort to the LVM c\n-0000a240: 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c ache logical vol\n-0000a250: 756d 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 ume in the futur\n-0000a260: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-0000a270: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 .info, Node: OS\n-0000a280: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 732c -specific notes,\n-0000a290: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 Prev: LVM cach\n-0000a2a0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 e booting, Up: \n-0000a2b0: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e34 2053 6f6d Booting..5.4 Som\n-0000a2c0: 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 204f 532d e caveats on OS-\n-0000a2d0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 730a specific issues.\n+00009e30: 3d0a 0a54 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 =..The LVM cache\n+00009e40: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n+00009e50: 6973 2074 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 is the logical v\n+00009e60: 6f6c 756d 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7469 6e67 olume consisting\n+00009e70: 206f 6620 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 616c of the.original\n+00009e80: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 and the cache p\n+00009e90: 6f6f 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 ool logical volu\n+00009ea0: 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 me. The origina\n+00009eb0: 6c20 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206f 6e0a l is usually on.\n+00009ec0: 6120 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2073 6c6f a larger and slo\n+00009ed0: 7765 7220 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 wer storage devi\n+00009ee0: 6365 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 ce while the cac\n+00009ef0: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6973 206f 6e20 6120 he pool is on a \n+00009f00: 736d 616c 6c65 720a 616e 6420 6661 7374 smaller.and fast\n+00009f10: 6572 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2070 6572 er one. The per\n+00009f20: 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 formance of the \n+00009f30: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 original volume \n+00009f40: 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6d70 726f 7665 640a can be improved.\n+00009f50: 6279 2073 746f 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2066 by storing the f\n+00009f60: 7265 7175 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 2064 requently used d\n+00009f70: 6174 6120 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 ata on the cache\n+00009f80: 2070 6f6f 6c20 746f 2075 7469 6c69 7a65 pool to utilize\n+00009f90: 2074 6865 0a67 7265 6174 6572 2070 6572 the.greater per\n+00009fa0: 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 6661 7374 formance of fast\n+00009fb0: 6572 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 er device... G\n+00009fc0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 204c RUB boots from L\n+00009fd0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00009fe0: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 volume merely b\n+00009ff0: 7920 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2773 0a6f y reading it's.o\n+0000a000: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 riginal logical \n+0000a010: 766f 6c75 6d65 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2064 volume so that d\n+0000a020: 6972 7479 2064 6174 6120 696e 2063 6163 irty data in cac\n+0000a030: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 he pool volume i\n+0000a040: 730a 6469 7372 6567 6172 6465 642e 2020 s.disregarded. \n+0000a050: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 7072 This is not a pr\n+0000a060: 6f62 6c65 6d20 666f 7220 2277 7269 7465 oblem for \"write\n+0000a070: 7468 726f 7567 6822 2063 6163 6865 206d through\" cache m\n+0000a080: 6f64 6520 6173 2069 740a 656e 7375 7265 ode as it.ensure\n+0000a090: 7320 7468 6174 2061 6e79 2064 6174 6120 s that any data \n+0000a0a0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 written will be \n+0000a0b0: 7374 6f72 6564 2062 6f74 6820 6f6e 2074 stored both on t\n+0000a0c0: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2061 6e64 2074 6865 he cache and the\n+0000a0d0: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 2e20 466f 7220 .origin LV. For \n+0000a0e0: 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6361 6368 6520 the other cache \n+0000a0f0: 6d6f 6465 2022 7772 6974 6562 6163 6b22 mode \"writeback\"\n+0000a100: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6465 6c61 7973 2077 , which delays w\n+0000a110: 7269 7469 6e67 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6520 riting.from the \n+0000a120: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2062 6163 6b20 cache pool back \n+0000a130: 746f 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 to the origin LV\n+0000a140: 2074 6f20 626f 6f73 7420 7065 7266 6f72 to boost perfor\n+0000a150: 6d61 6e63 652c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a mance, GRUB may.\n+0000a160: 6661 696c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 fail to boot in \n+0000a170: 7468 6520 7761 6b65 206f 6620 6163 6369 the wake of acci\n+0000a180: 6465 6e74 616c 2070 6f77 6572 206f 7574 dental power out\n+0000a190: 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2069 7427 730a age due to it's.\n+0000a1a0: 696e 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2061 7373 inability to ass\n+0000a1b0: 656d 626c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 emble the cache \n+0000a1c0: 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 device for readi\n+0000a1d0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 ng the required \n+0000a1e0: 6469 7274 790a 6461 7461 206c 6566 7420 dirty.data left \n+0000a1f0: 6265 6869 6e64 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6974 behind. The sit\n+0000a200: 7561 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 uation will be i\n+0000a210: 6d70 726f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 6164 mproved after ad\n+0000a220: 6469 6e67 2066 756c 6c0a 7375 7070 6f72 ding full.suppor\n+0000a230: 7420 746f 2074 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 t to the LVM cac\n+0000a240: 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d he logical volum\n+0000a250: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e e in the future.\n+0000a260: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000a270: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+0000a280: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 pecific notes, \n+0000a290: 5072 6576 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 Prev: LVM cache \n+0000a2a0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n+0000a2b0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e34 2053 6f6d 6520 oting..5.4 Some \n+0000a2c0: 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 204f 532d 7370 caveats on OS-sp\n+0000a2d0: 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 730a 3d3d ecific issues.==\n 0000a2e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a2f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4865 7265 2c20 7765 ======..Here, we\n-0000a310: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6520 736f 6d65 2063 describe some c\n-0000a320: 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 7365 7665 7261 aveats on severa\n-0000a330: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 l operating syst\n-0000a340: 656d 732e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ems...* Menu:..*\n-0000a350: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 643a 3a0a 2a20 474e GNU/Hurd::.* GN\n-0000a360: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7442 U/Linux::.* NetB\n-0000a370: 5344 3a3a 0a2a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f SD::.* DOS/Windo\n-0000a380: 7773 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ws::....File: gr\n-0000a390: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000a3a0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a GNU/Hurd, Next:\n-0000a3b0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a GNU/Linux, Up:\n-0000a3c0: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000a3d0: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3120 474e 552f 4875 es..5.4.1 GNU/Hu\n-0000a3e0: 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd.-------------\n-0000a3f0: 2d0a 0a53 696e 6365 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 -..Since GNU/Hur\n-0000a400: 6420 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 d is Multiboot-c\n-0000a410: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6974 2069 7320 ompliant, it is \n-0000a420: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 743b easy to boot it;\n-0000a430: 2074 6865 7265 2069 730a 6e6f 7468 696e there is.nothin\n-0000a440: 6720 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6162 6f75 7420 g special about \n-0000a450: 6974 2e20 2042 7574 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 it. But do not \n-0000a460: 666f 7267 6574 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 forget that you \n-0000a470: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 have to specify \n-0000a480: 610a 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e a.root partition\n-0000a490: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a to the kernel..\n-0000a4a0: 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 . 1. Set GRUB's\n-0000a4b0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 root device to \n-0000a4c0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 7269 7665 2061 the same drive a\n-0000a4d0: 7320 474e 552f 4875 7264 2773 2e20 2054 s GNU/Hurd's. T\n-0000a4e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he. command \n-0000a4f0: 2773 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 'search --set=ro\n-0000a500: 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f ot --file /boot/\n-0000a510: 676e 756d 6163 682e 677a 2720 6f72 2073 gnumach.gz' or s\n-0000a520: 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 imilar may. \n-0000a530: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 help you (*note \n-0000a540: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e search::)... 2.\n-0000a550: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n-0000a560: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 and the modules\n-0000a570: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 , like this:.. \n-0000a580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d75 grub> mu\n-0000a590: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e ltiboot /boot/gn\n-0000a5a0: 756d 6163 682e 677a 2072 6f6f 743d 6465 umach.gz root=de\n-0000a5b0: 7669 6365 3a68 6430 7331 0a20 2020 2020 vice:hd0s1. \n-0000a5c0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 6f64 756c grub> modul\n-0000a5d0: 6520 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7874 3266 732e e /hurd/ext2fs.\n-0000a5e0: 7374 6174 6963 2065 7874 3266 7320 2d2d static ext2fs --\n-0000a5f0: 7265 6164 6f6e 6c79 205c 0a20 2020 2020 readonly \\. \n+0000a300: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4865 7265 2c20 7765 2064 ====..Here, we d\n+0000a310: 6573 6372 6962 6520 736f 6d65 2063 6176 escribe some cav\n+0000a320: 6561 7473 206f 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 eats on several \n+0000a330: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+0000a340: 732e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 s...* Menu:..* G\n+0000a350: 4e55 2f48 7572 643a 3a0a 2a20 474e 552f NU/Hurd::.* GNU/\n+0000a360: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7442 5344 Linux::.* NetBSD\n+0000a370: 3a3a 0a2a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ::.* DOS/Windows\n+0000a380: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+0000a390: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n+0000a3a0: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 U/Hurd, Next: G\n+0000a3b0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f NU/Linux, Up: O\n+0000a3c0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a3d0: 0a0a 352e 342e 3120 474e 552f 4875 7264 ..5.4.1 GNU/Hurd\n+0000a3e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+0000a3f0: 0a53 696e 6365 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 .Since GNU/Hurd \n+0000a400: 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d is Multiboot-com\n+0000a410: 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6561 pliant, it is ea\n+0000a420: 7379 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 743b 2074 sy to boot it; t\n+0000a430: 6865 7265 2069 730a 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 here is.nothing \n+0000a440: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6162 6f75 7420 6974 special about it\n+0000a450: 2e20 2042 7574 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 666f . But do not fo\n+0000a460: 7267 6574 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6861 rget that you ha\n+0000a470: 7665 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 610a ve to specify a.\n+0000a480: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 root partition t\n+0000a490: 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0a20 o the kernel... \n+0000a4a0: 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 1. Set GRUB's r\n+0000a4b0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 oot device to th\n+0000a4c0: 6520 7361 6d65 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 e same drive as \n+0000a4d0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2773 2e20 2054 6865 GNU/Hurd's. The\n+0000a4e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2773 . command 's\n+0000a4f0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+0000a500: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e --file /boot/gn\n+0000a510: 756d 6163 682e 677a 2720 6f72 2073 696d umach.gz' or sim\n+0000a520: 696c 6172 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6865 ilar may. he\n+0000a530: 6c70 2079 6f75 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 lp you (*note se\n+0000a540: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c arch::)... 2. L\n+0000a550: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n+0000a560: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n+0000a570: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+0000a580: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d75 6c74 grub> mult\n+0000a590: 6962 6f6f 7420 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e 756d iboot /boot/gnum\n+0000a5a0: 6163 682e 677a 2072 6f6f 743d 6465 7669 ach.gz root=devi\n+0000a5b0: 6365 3a68 6430 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ce:hd0s1. \n+0000a5c0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 grub> module \n+0000a5d0: 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7874 3266 732e 7374 /hurd/ext2fs.st\n+0000a5e0: 6174 6963 2065 7874 3266 7320 2d2d 7265 atic ext2fs --re\n+0000a5f0: 6164 6f6e 6c79 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 adonly \\. \n 0000a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6d75 6c74 6962 --multib\n-0000a620: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 oot-command-line\n-0000a630: 3d27 247b 6b65 726e 656c 2d63 6f6d 6d61 ='${kernel-comma\n-0000a640: 6e64 2d6c 696e 657d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 nd-line}' \\. \n+0000a610: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f --multiboo\n+0000a620: 742d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 3d27 t-command-line='\n+0000a630: 247b 6b65 726e 656c 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ${kernel-command\n+0000a640: 2d6c 696e 657d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 -line}' \\. \n 0000a650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d68 6f73 742d --host-\n-0000a670: 7072 6976 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b68 6f73 priv-port='${hos\n-0000a680: 742d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 t-port}' \\. \n+0000a660: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d68 6f73 742d 7072 --host-pr\n+0000a670: 6976 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b68 6f73 742d iv-port='${host-\n+0000a680: 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 port}' \\. \n 0000a690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 --device\n-0000a6b0: 2d6d 6173 7465 722d 706f 7274 3d27 247b -master-port='${\n-0000a6c0: 6465 7669 6365 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a device-port}' \\.\n+0000a6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d --device-m\n+0000a6b0: 6173 7465 722d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 6465 aster-port='${de\n+0000a6c0: 7669 6365 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 vice-port}' \\. \n 0000a6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d65 --e\n-0000a6f0: 7865 632d 7365 7276 6572 2d74 6173 6b3d xec-server-task=\n-0000a700: 2724 7b65 7865 632d 7461 736b 7d27 202d '${exec-task}' -\n-0000a710: 5420 7479 7065 6420 2724 7b72 6f6f 747d T typed '${root}\n-0000a720: 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' \\. \n-0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a740: 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 '$(task-create)\n-0000a750: 2720 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 7265 7375 6d65 ' '$(task-resume\n-0000a760: 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 )'. gru\n-0000a770: 623e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2f6c 6962 2f6c b> module /lib/l\n-0000a780: 642e 736f 2e31 2065 7865 6320 2f68 7572 d.so.1 exec /hur\n-0000a790: 642f 6578 6563 2027 2428 6578 6563 2d74 d/exec '$(exec-t\n-0000a7a0: 6173 6b3d 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 ask=task-create)\n-0000a7b0: 270a 0a20 2033 2e20 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c '.. 3. Finally,\n-0000a7c0: 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 run the command\n-0000a7d0: 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 'boot' (*note b\n-0000a7e0: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a oot::).....File:\n-0000a7f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a800: 653a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 204e e: GNU/Linux, N\n-0000a810: 6578 743a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 5072 ext: NetBSD, Pr\n-0000a820: 6576 3a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 2055 ev: GNU/Hurd, U\n-0000a830: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n-0000a840: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3220 474e 552f otes..5.4.2 GNU/\n-0000a850: 4c69 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Linux.----------\n-0000a860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 7420 6973 2072 656c -----..It is rel\n-0000a870: 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 2074 6f20 atively easy to \n-0000a880: 626f 6f74 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2066 boot GNU/Linux f\n-0000a890: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2c20 6265 6361 7573 rom GRUB, becaus\n-0000a8a0: 6520 6974 2073 6f6d 6577 6861 740a 7265 e it somewhat.re\n-0000a8b0: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 sembles to boot \n-0000a8c0: 6120 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 a Multiboot-comp\n-0000a8d0: 6c69 616e 7420 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 liant OS... 1. \n-0000a8e0: 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 Set GRUB's root \n-0000a8f0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 device to the sa\n-0000a900: 6d65 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 474e 552f me drive as GNU/\n-0000a910: 4c69 6e75 7827 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 Linux's. The. \n-0000a920: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 command 'sear\n-0000a930: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-0000a940: 6669 6c65 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a27 206f file /vmlinuz' o\n-0000a950: 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 7920 6865 r similar may he\n-0000a960: 6c70 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f lp you. (*no\n-0000a970: 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te search::)... \n-0000a980: 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 2. Load the ker\n-0000a990: 6e65 6c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f nel using the co\n-0000a9a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 276c 696e 7578 2720 282a mmand 'linux' (*\n-0000a9b0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 293a 0a0a note linux::):..\n-0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000a9d0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 linux /vmlinuz r\n-0000a9e0: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 oot=/dev/sda1.. \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 If you need \n-0000aa00: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2073 6f6d 6520 to specify some \n-0000aa10: 6b65 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 kernel parameter\n-0000aa20: 732c 206a 7573 7420 6170 7065 6e64 2074 s, just append t\n-0000aa30: 6865 6d20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 hem to. the \n-0000aa40: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 466f 7220 6578 command. For ex\n-0000aa50: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 2761 ample, to set 'a\n-0000aa60: 6370 6927 2074 6f20 276f 6666 272c 2064 cpi' to 'off', d\n-0000aa70: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n-0000aa80: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f grub> linux /\n-0000aa90: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n-0000aaa0: 762f 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a v/sda1 acpi=off.\n-0000aab0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f . See the do\n-0000aac0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 cumentation in t\n-0000aad0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6f75 7263 6520 he Linux source \n-0000aae0: 7472 6565 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 tree for complet\n-0000aaf0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n-0000ab00: 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 on on the availa\n-0000ab10: 626c 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 ble options... \n-0000ab20: 2020 2057 6974 6820 276c 696e 7578 2720 With 'linux' \n-0000ab30: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 3332 2d62 6974 GRUB uses 32-bit\n-0000ab40: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 536f 6d65 protocol. Some\n-0000ab50: 2042 494f 5320 7365 7276 6963 6573 206c BIOS services l\n-0000ab60: 696b 650a 2020 2020 2041 504d 206f 7220 ike. APM or \n-0000ab70: 4544 4420 6172 656e 2774 2061 7661 696c EDD aren't avail\n-0000ab80: 6162 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2070 able with this p\n-0000ab90: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 rotocol. In thi\n-0000aba0: 7320 6361 7365 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 s case you. \n-0000abb0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 276c 696e need to use 'lin\n-0000abc0: 7578 3136 270a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux16'.. \n-0000abd0: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 3136 202f grub> linux16 /\n-0000abe0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n-0000abf0: 762f 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a v/sda1 acpi=off.\n-0000ac00: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 . 3. If you use\n-0000ac10: 2061 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 6578 6563 an initrd, exec\n-0000ac20: 7574 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ute the command \n-0000ac30: 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 'initrd' (*note \n-0000ac40: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 290a 2020 2020 2061 initrd::). a\n-0000ac50: 6674 6572 2027 6c69 6e75 7827 3a0a 0a20 fter 'linux':.. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n-0000ac70: 6e69 7472 6420 2f69 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 nitrd /initrd.. \n-0000ac80: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 6420 If you used \n-0000ac90: 276c 696e 7578 3136 2720 796f 7520 6e65 'linux16' you ne\n-0000aca0: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2769 6e69 7472 ed to use 'initr\n-0000acb0: 6431 3627 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d16':.. \n-0000acc0: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 grub> initrd16 \n-0000acd0: 2f69 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 /initrd.. 4. Fi\n-0000ace0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 nally, run the c\n-0000acf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a ommand 'boot' (*\n-0000ad00: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f note boot::)....\n-0000ad10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000ad20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 442c , Node: NetBSD,\n-0000ad30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 Next: DOS/Wind\n-0000ad40: 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 474e 552f ows, Prev: GNU/\n-0000ad50: 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 Linux, Up: OS-s\n-0000ad60: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n-0000ad70: 2e34 2e33 204e 6574 4253 440a 2d2d 2d2d .4.3 NetBSD.----\n-0000ad80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 426f 6f74 696e --------..Bootin\n-0000ad90: 6720 6120 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 g a NetBSD kerne\n-0000ada0: 6c20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 l from GRUB is a\n-0000adb0: 6c73 6f20 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 lso relatively e\n-0000adc0: 6173 793a 2066 6972 7374 2073 6574 0a47 asy: first set.G\n-0000add0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n-0000ade0: 652c 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 e, then load the\n-0000adf0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 kernel and the \n-0000ae00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696e modules, and fin\n-0000ae10: 616c 6c79 0a72 756e 2027 626f 6f74 272e ally.run 'boot'.\n-0000ae20: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n-0000ae30: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n-0000ae40: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 the partition h\n-0000ae50: 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 olding the NetBS\n-0000ae60: 4420 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 D root. file\n-0000ae70: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 6120 system. For a \n-0000ae80: 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4e65 7442 disk with a NetB\n-0000ae90: 5344 2064 6973 6b20 6c61 6265 6c2c 2074 SD disk label, t\n-0000aea0: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 his is usually. \n-0000aeb0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 the first pa\n-0000aec0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2861 3a29 2e20 2049 rtition (a:). I\n-0000aed0: 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6173 652c 2061 6e64 n that case, and\n-0000aee0: 2061 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 assuming that t\n-0000aef0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f he. partitio\n-0000af00: 6e20 6973 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 n is on the firs\n-0000af10: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2073 6574 t hard disk, set\n-0000af20: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n-0000af30: 6963 6520 6173 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c ice as. foll\n-0000af40: 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ows:.. \n-0000af50: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 grub> insmod par\n-0000af60: 745f 6273 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_bsd. \n-0000af70: 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 grub> set root=(\n-0000af80: 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 hd0,netbsd1).. \n-0000af90: 2020 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 For a disk wi\n-0000afa0: 7468 2061 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 th a GUID Partit\n-0000afb0: 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 292c ion Table (GPT),\n-0000afc0: 2061 6e64 2061 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 and assuming th\n-0000afd0: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 at the. NetB\n-0000afe0: 5344 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f SD root partitio\n-0000aff0: 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 2047 n is the third G\n-0000b000: 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f PT partition, do\n-0000b010: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000b020: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 grub> insmod p\n-0000b030: 6172 745f 6770 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 art_gpt. \n-0000b040: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 grub> set root\n-0000b050: 3d28 6864 302c 6770 7433 290a 0a20 2032 =(hd0,gpt3).. 2\n-0000b060: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n-0000b070: 6c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d l using the comm\n-0000b080: 616e 6420 276b 6e65 7462 7364 273a 0a0a and 'knetbsd':..\n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000b0a0: 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 640a knetbsd /netbsd.\n-0000b0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 . Various op\n-0000b0c0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 tions may be giv\n-0000b0d0: 656e 2074 6f20 276b 6e65 7462 7364 272e en to 'knetbsd'.\n-0000b0e0: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 These options \n-0000b0f0: 6172 652c 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 are, for. th\n-0000b100: 6520 6d6f 7374 2070 6172 742c 2074 6865 e most part, the\n-0000b110: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 same as in the \n-0000b120: 4e65 7442 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 NetBSD boot load\n-0000b130: 6572 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 696e er. For. in\n-0000b140: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 stance, to boot \n-0000b150: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 7369 the system in si\n-0000b160: 6e67 6c65 2d75 7365 7220 6d6f 6465 2061 ngle-user mode a\n-0000b170: 6e64 2077 6974 6820 7665 7262 6f73 650a nd with verbose.\n-0000b180: 2020 2020 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2064 messages, d\n-0000b190: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n-0000b1a0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 grub> knetbsd\n-0000b1b0: 202f 6e65 7462 7364 202d 7320 2d76 0a0a /netbsd -s -v..\n-0000b1c0: 2020 332e 2049 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 3. If needed, \n-0000b1d0: 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 load kernel modu\n-0000b1e0: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6d les with the com\n-0000b1f0: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 276b 6e65 7462 mand. 'knetb\n-0000b200: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 6627 2e20 sd_module_elf'. \n-0000b210: 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 A typical examp\n-0000b220: 6c65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 le is the module\n-0000b230: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 for the root. \n-0000b240: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 3a0a file system:.\n-0000b250: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b260: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f knetbsd_module_\n-0000b270: 656c 6620 2f73 7461 6e64 2f61 6d64 3634 elf /stand/amd64\n-0000b280: 2f36 2e30 2f6d 6f64 756c 6573 2f66 6673 /6.0/modules/ffs\n-0000b290: 2f66 6673 2e6b 6d6f 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 /ffs.kmod.. 4. \n-0000b2a0: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 Finally, run the\n-0000b2b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 command 'boot' \n-0000b2c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note boot::)..\n-0000b2d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0000b2e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 4f53 2f57 fo, Node: DOS/W\n-0000b2f0: 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e indows, Prev: N\n-0000b300: 6574 4253 442c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 etBSD, Up: OS-s\n-0000b310: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n-0000b320: 2e34 2e34 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 .4.4 DOS/Windows\n-0000b330: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000b340: 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 --..GRUB cannot \n-0000b350: 626f 6f74 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 boot DOS or Wind\n-0000b360: 6f77 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 736f ows directly, so\n-0000b370: 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d you must chain-\n-0000b380: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 load them.(*note\n-0000b390: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a Chain-loading::\n-0000b3a0: 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6865 ). However, the\n-0000b3b0: 6972 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 ir boot loaders \n-0000b3c0: 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6372 6974 6963 have some critic\n-0000b3d0: 616c 0a64 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c al.deficiencies,\n-0000b3e0: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2077 so it may not w\n-0000b3f0: 6f72 6b20 746f 206a 7573 7420 6368 6169 ork to just chai\n-0000b400: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 546f n-load them. To\n-0000b410: 206f 7665 7263 6f6d 650a 7468 6520 7072 overcome.the pr\n-0000b420: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f oblems, GRUB pro\n-0000b430: 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2074 vides you with t\n-0000b440: 776f 2068 656c 7065 7220 6675 6e63 7469 wo helper functi\n-0000b450: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ons... If you \n-0000b460: 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 have installed D\n-0000b470: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n-0000b480: 6f6e 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2068 on a non-first h\n-0000b490: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 796f 750a 6861 ard disk, you.ha\n-0000b4a0: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 6469 ve to use the di\n-0000b4b0: 736b 2073 7761 7070 696e 6720 7465 6368 sk swapping tech\n-0000b4c0: 6e69 7175 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 nique, because t\n-0000b4d0: 6861 7420 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f hat OS cannot bo\n-0000b4e0: 6f74 0a66 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6469 736b ot.from any disk\n-0000b4f0: 7320 6275 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 s but the first \n-0000b500: 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 776f 726b 6172 one. The workar\n-0000b510: 6f75 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ound used in GRU\n-0000b520: 4220 6973 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 B is the.command\n-0000b530: 2027 6472 6976 656d 6170 2720 282a 6e6f 'drivemap' (*no\n-0000b540: 7465 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a29 2c20 te drivemap::), \n-0000b550: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-0000b560: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 drivemap -s (hd\n-0000b570: 3029 2028 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 0) (hd1).. Thi\n-0000b580: 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2022 7669 s performs a \"vi\n-0000b590: 7274 7561 6c22 2073 7761 7020 6265 7477 rtual\" swap betw\n-0000b5a0: 6565 6e20 796f 7572 2066 6972 7374 2061 een your first a\n-0000b5b0: 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 7264 0a64 nd second hard.d\n-0000b5c0: 7269 7665 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 rive... *Cauti\n-0000b5d0: 6f6e 3a2a 2054 6869 7320 6973 2065 6666 on:* This is eff\n-0000b5e0: 6563 7469 7665 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2044 ective only if D\n-0000b5f0: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n-0000b600: 7573 6573 2042 494f 5320 746f 0a61 6363 uses BIOS to.acc\n-0000b610: 6573 7320 7468 6520 7377 6170 7065 6420 ess the swapped \n-0000b620: 6469 736b 732e 2020 4966 2074 6861 7420 disks. If that \n-0000b630: 4f53 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 OS uses a specia\n-0000b640: 6c20 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 l driver for the\n-0000b650: 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 7468 6973 2070 726f .disks, this pro\n-0000b660: 6261 626c 7920 776f 6e27 7420 776f 726b bably won't work\n-0000b670: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ... Another pr\n-0000b680: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6172 6973 6573 2069 6620 oblem arises if \n-0000b690: 796f 7520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6d6f you installed mo\n-0000b6a0: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7365 7420 re than one set \n-0000b6b0: 6f66 0a44 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 206f of.DOS/Windows o\n-0000b6c0: 6e74 6f20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2c20 6265 nto one disk, be\n-0000b6d0: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2063 6f75 6c64 cause they could\n-0000b6e0: 2062 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2069 6620 be confused if \n-0000b6f0: 7468 6572 6520 6172 650a 6d6f 7265 2074 there are.more t\n-0000b700: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7072 696d 6172 7920 han one primary \n-0000b710: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2044 partitions for D\n-0000b720: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2e20 2043 6572 OS/Windows. Cer\n-0000b730: 7461 696e 6c79 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c tainly you shoul\n-0000b740: 640a 6176 6f69 6420 646f 696e 6720 7468 d.avoid doing th\n-0000b750: 6973 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6572 6520 6973 is, but there is\n-0000b760: 2061 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6966 2079 a solution if y\n-0000b770: 6f75 2064 6f20 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 646f ou do want to do\n-0000b780: 2073 6f2e 2020 5573 650a 7468 6520 7061 so. Use.the pa\n-0000b790: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6869 6469 6e67 2f75 rtition hiding/u\n-0000b7a0: 6e68 6964 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 7175 nhiding techniqu\n-0000b7b0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 e... If GRUB \"\n-0000b7c0: 6869 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 hides\" a DOS (or\n-0000b7d0: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 Windows) partit\n-0000b7e0: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6172 7474 ion (*note partt\n-0000b7f0: 6f6f 6c3a 3a29 2c20 444f 530a 286f 7220 ool::), DOS.(or \n-0000b800: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6967 Windows) will ig\n-0000b810: 6e6f 7265 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 nore the partiti\n-0000b820: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 756e on. If GRUB \"un\n-0000b830: 6869 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 hides\" a DOS (or\n-0000b840: 0a57 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 .Windows) partit\n-0000b850: 696f 6e2c 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e ion, DOS (or Win\n-0000b860: 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 dows) will detec\n-0000b870: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e t the partition.\n-0000b880: 2020 5468 7573 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 2068 Thus,.if you h\n-0000b890: 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f ave installed DO\n-0000b8a0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f S (or Windows) o\n-0000b8b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 n the first and \n-0000b8c0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 0a70 6172 7469 the second.parti\n-0000b8d0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n-0000b8e0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 t hard disk, and\n-0000b8f0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2062 6f6f you want to boo\n-0000b900: 7420 7468 6520 636f 7079 206f 6e20 7468 t the copy on th\n-0000b910: 650a 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e.first partitio\n-0000b920: 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 n, do the follow\n-0000b930: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 ing:.. partt\n-0000b940: 6f6f 6c20 2868 6430 2c31 2920 6869 6464 ool (hd0,1) hidd\n-0000b950: 656e 2d0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f en-. parttoo\n-0000b960: 6c20 2868 6430 2c32 2920 6869 6464 656e l (hd0,2) hidden\n-0000b970: 2b0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d +. set root=\n-0000b980: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2063 6861 (hd0,1). cha\n-0000b990: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 inloader +1. \n-0000b9a0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 247b 726f 6f74 parttool ${root\n-0000b9b0: 7d20 626f 6f74 2b0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f } boot+. boo\n-0000b9c0: 740a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e t....File: grub.\n-0000b9d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6e info, Node: Con\n-0000b9e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 figuration, Nex\n-0000b9f0: 743a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f t: Theme file fo\n-0000ba00: 726d 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2042 6f6f rmat, Prev: Boo\n-0000ba10: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n-0000ba20: 3620 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 6 Writing your o\n-0000ba30: 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e wn configuration\n-0000ba40: 2066 696c 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a file.**********\n+0000a6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d65 7865 --exe\n+0000a6f0: 632d 7365 7276 6572 2d74 6173 6b3d 2724 c-server-task='$\n+0000a700: 7b65 7865 632d 7461 736b 7d27 202d 5420 {exec-task}' -T \n+0000a710: 7479 7065 6420 2724 7b72 6f6f 747d 2720 typed '${root}' \n+0000a720: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2027 '\n+0000a740: 2428 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 2720 $(task-create)' \n+0000a750: 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 7265 7375 6d65 2927 '$(task-resume)'\n+0000a760: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000a770: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2f6c 6962 2f6c 642e module /lib/ld.\n+0000a780: 736f 2e31 2065 7865 6320 2f68 7572 642f so.1 exec /hurd/\n+0000a790: 6578 6563 2027 2428 6578 6563 2d74 6173 exec '$(exec-tas\n+0000a7a0: 6b3d 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 270a k=task-create)'.\n+0000a7b0: 0a20 2033 2e20 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 . 3. Finally, r\n+0000a7c0: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 un the command '\n+0000a7d0: 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f boot' (*note boo\n+0000a7e0: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n+0000a7f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a800: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 GNU/Linux, Nex\n+0000a810: 743a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 5072 6576 t: NetBSD, Prev\n+0000a820: 3a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 2055 703a : GNU/Hurd, Up:\n+0000a830: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000a840: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3220 474e 552f 4c69 es..5.4.2 GNU/Li\n+0000a850: 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nux.------------\n+0000a860: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 7420 6973 2072 656c 6174 ---..It is relat\n+0000a870: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 2074 6f20 626f ively easy to bo\n+0000a880: 6f74 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2066 726f ot GNU/Linux fro\n+0000a890: 6d20 4752 5542 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 m GRUB, because \n+0000a8a0: 6974 2073 6f6d 6577 6861 740a 7265 7365 it somewhat.rese\n+0000a8b0: 6d62 6c65 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6120 mbles to boot a \n+0000a8c0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n+0000a8d0: 616e 7420 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 ant OS... 1. Se\n+0000a8e0: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000a8f0: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 vice to the same\n+0000a900: 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 474e 552f 4c69 drive as GNU/Li\n+0000a910: 6e75 7827 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 nux's. The. \n+0000a920: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 command 'search\n+0000a930: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 --set=root --fi\n+0000a940: 6c65 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a27 206f 7220 le /vmlinuz' or \n+0000a950: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 similar may help\n+0000a960: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 you. (*note\n+0000a970: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 search::)... 2\n+0000a980: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n+0000a990: 6c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d l using the comm\n+0000a9a0: 616e 6420 276c 696e 7578 2720 282a 6e6f and 'linux' (*no\n+0000a9b0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 te linux::):.. \n+0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n+0000a9d0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f nux /vmlinuz roo\n+0000a9e0: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 t=/dev/sda1.. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f If you need to\n+0000aa00: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 specify some ke\n+0000aa10: 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732c rnel parameters,\n+0000aa20: 206a 7573 7420 6170 7065 6e64 2074 6865 just append the\n+0000aa30: 6d20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f m to. the co\n+0000aa40: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d mmand. For exam\n+0000aa50: 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 2761 6370 ple, to set 'acp\n+0000aa60: 6927 2074 6f20 276f 6666 272c 2064 6f20 i' to 'off', do \n+0000aa70: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000aa80: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d grub> linux /vm\n+0000aa90: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n+0000aaa0: 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 sda1 acpi=off.. \n+0000aab0: 2020 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 See the docu\n+0000aac0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 mentation in the\n+0000aad0: 204c 696e 7578 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7472 Linux source tr\n+0000aae0: 6565 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a ee for complete.\n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n+0000ab00: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c on the availabl\n+0000ab10: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e options... \n+0000ab20: 2057 6974 6820 276c 696e 7578 2720 4752 With 'linux' GR\n+0000ab30: 5542 2075 7365 7320 3332 2d62 6974 2070 UB uses 32-bit p\n+0000ab40: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 536f 6d65 2042 rotocol. Some B\n+0000ab50: 494f 5320 7365 7276 6963 6573 206c 696b IOS services lik\n+0000ab60: 650a 2020 2020 2041 504d 206f 7220 4544 e. APM or ED\n+0000ab70: 4420 6172 656e 2774 2061 7661 696c 6162 D aren't availab\n+0000ab80: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2070 726f le with this pro\n+0000ab90: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 tocol. In this \n+0000aba0: 6361 7365 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 case you. ne\n+0000abb0: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 276c 696e 7578 ed to use 'linux\n+0000abc0: 3136 270a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 16'.. g\n+0000abd0: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 3136 202f 766d rub> linux16 /vm\n+0000abe0: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n+0000abf0: 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 sda1 acpi=off.. \n+0000ac00: 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2061 3. If you use a\n+0000ac10: 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 6578 6563 7574 n initrd, execut\n+0000ac20: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2769 e the command 'i\n+0000ac30: 6e69 7472 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e nitrd' (*note in\n+0000ac40: 6974 7264 3a3a 290a 2020 2020 2061 6674 itrd::). aft\n+0000ac50: 6572 2027 6c69 6e75 7827 3a0a 0a20 2020 er 'linux':.. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e69 grub> ini\n+0000ac70: 7472 6420 2f69 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2020 trd /initrd.. \n+0000ac80: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 6420 276c If you used 'l\n+0000ac90: 696e 7578 3136 2720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 inux16' you need\n+0000aca0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2769 6e69 7472 6431 to use 'initrd1\n+0000acb0: 3627 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6':.. g\n+0000acc0: 7275 623e 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 2f69 rub> initrd16 /i\n+0000acd0: 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 6e61 nitrd.. 4. Fina\n+0000ace0: 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d lly, run the com\n+0000acf0: 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f mand 'boot' (*no\n+0000ad00: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 te boot::).....F\n+0000ad10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000ad20: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 Node: NetBSD, \n+0000ad30: 4e65 7874 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Next: DOS/Window\n+0000ad40: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 s, Prev: GNU/Li\n+0000ad50: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n+0000ad60: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000ad70: 2e33 204e 6574 4253 440a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .3 NetBSD.------\n+0000ad80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 426f 6f74 696e 6720 ------..Booting \n+0000ad90: 6120 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a NetBSD kernel \n+0000ada0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 6c73 from GRUB is als\n+0000adb0: 6f20 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 o relatively eas\n+0000adc0: 793a 2066 6972 7374 2073 6574 0a47 5255 y: first set.GRU\n+0000add0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652c B's root device,\n+0000ade0: 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b then load the k\n+0000adf0: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f ernel and the mo\n+0000ae00: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696e 616c dules, and final\n+0000ae10: 6c79 0a72 756e 2027 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a ly.run 'boot'...\n+0000ae20: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n+0000ae30: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n+0000ae40: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6f6c he partition hol\n+0000ae50: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 ding the NetBSD \n+0000ae60: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n+0000ae70: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 ystem. For a di\n+0000ae80: 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4e65 7442 5344 sk with a NetBSD\n+0000ae90: 2064 6973 6b20 6c61 6265 6c2c 2074 6869 disk label, thi\n+0000aea0: 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 s is usually. \n+0000aeb0: 2020 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 the first part\n+0000aec0: 6974 696f 6e20 2861 3a29 2e20 2049 6e20 ition (a:). In \n+0000aed0: 7468 6174 2063 6173 652c 2061 6e64 2061 that case, and a\n+0000aee0: 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 ssuming that the\n+0000aef0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 . partition \n+0000af00: 6973 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 is on the first \n+0000af10: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2073 6574 2047 hard disk, set G\n+0000af20: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n+0000af30: 6520 6173 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 e as. follow\n+0000af40: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n+0000af50: 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 745f ub> insmod part_\n+0000af60: 6273 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 bsd. gr\n+0000af70: 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 ub> set root=(hd\n+0000af80: 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 0,netbsd1).. \n+0000af90: 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 For a disk with\n+0000afa0: 2061 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f a GUID Partitio\n+0000afb0: 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 292c 2061 n Table (GPT), a\n+0000afc0: 6e64 2061 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 nd assuming that\n+0000afd0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 the. NetBSD\n+0000afe0: 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 root partition \n+0000aff0: 6973 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 2047 5054 is the third GPT\n+0000b000: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 partition, do t\n+0000b010: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0000b020: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 grub> insmod par\n+0000b030: 745f 6770 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_gpt. \n+0000b040: 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 grub> set root=(\n+0000b050: 6864 302c 6770 7433 290a 0a20 2032 2e20 hd0,gpt3).. 2. \n+0000b060: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 Load the kernel \n+0000b070: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e using the comman\n+0000b080: 6420 276b 6e65 7462 7364 273a 0a0a 2020 d 'knetbsd':.. \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b0a0: 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 640a 0a20 etbsd /netbsd.. \n+0000b0b0: 2020 2020 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 Various opti\n+0000b0c0: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e ons may be given\n+0000b0d0: 2074 6f20 276b 6e65 7462 7364 272e 2020 to 'knetbsd'. \n+0000b0e0: 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 These options ar\n+0000b0f0: 652c 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e, for. the \n+0000b100: 6d6f 7374 2070 6172 742c 2074 6865 2073 most part, the s\n+0000b110: 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4e65 ame as in the Ne\n+0000b120: 7442 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 tBSD boot loader\n+0000b130: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 . For. inst\n+0000b140: 616e 6365 2c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 ance, to boot th\n+0000b150: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 7369 6e67 e system in sing\n+0000b160: 6c65 2d75 7365 7220 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 le-user mode and\n+0000b170: 2077 6974 6820 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 with verbose. \n+0000b180: 2020 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2064 6f20 messages, do \n+0000b190: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000b1a0: 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f grub> knetbsd /\n+0000b1b0: 6e65 7462 7364 202d 7320 2d76 0a0a 2020 netbsd -s -v.. \n+0000b1c0: 332e 2049 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6c6f 3. If needed, lo\n+0000b1d0: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ad kernel module\n+0000b1e0: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 s with the comma\n+0000b1f0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 276b 6e65 7462 7364 nd. 'knetbsd\n+0000b200: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 6627 2e20 2041 _module_elf'. A\n+0000b210: 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 typical example\n+0000b220: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 is the module f\n+0000b230: 6f72 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 or the root. \n+0000b240: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 3a0a 0a20 file system:.. \n+0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n+0000b260: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n+0000b270: 6620 2f73 7461 6e64 2f61 6d64 3634 2f36 f /stand/amd64/6\n+0000b280: 2e30 2f6d 6f64 756c 6573 2f66 6673 2f66 .0/modules/ffs/f\n+0000b290: 6673 2e6b 6d6f 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 fs.kmod.. 4. Fi\n+0000b2a0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 nally, run the c\n+0000b2b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a ommand 'boot' (*\n+0000b2c0: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f note boot::)....\n+0000b2d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000b2e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e , Node: DOS/Win\n+0000b2f0: 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 dows, Prev: Net\n+0000b300: 4253 442c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 BSD, Up: OS-spe\n+0000b310: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000b320: 2e34 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 0a2d .4 DOS/Windows.-\n+0000b330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000b340: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f ..GRUB cannot bo\n+0000b350: 6f74 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ot DOS or Window\n+0000b360: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 736f 2079 s directly, so y\n+0000b370: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ou must chain-lo\n+0000b380: 6164 2074 6865 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ad them.(*note C\n+0000b390: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e hain-loading::).\n+0000b3a0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6865 6972 However, their\n+0000b3b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6861 boot loaders ha\n+0000b3c0: 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6372 6974 6963 616c ve some critical\n+0000b3d0: 0a64 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 .deficiencies, s\n+0000b3e0: 6f20 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 o it may not wor\n+0000b3f0: 6b20 746f 206a 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d k to just chain-\n+0000b400: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 546f 206f load them. To o\n+0000b410: 7665 7263 6f6d 650a 7468 6520 7072 6f62 vercome.the prob\n+0000b420: 6c65 6d73 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 lems, GRUB provi\n+0000b430: 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2074 776f des you with two\n+0000b440: 2068 656c 7065 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e helper function\n+0000b450: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 s... If you ha\n+0000b460: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 ve installed DOS\n+0000b470: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e (or Windows) on\n+0000b480: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2068 6172 a non-first har\n+0000b490: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 796f 750a 6861 7665 d disk, you.have\n+0000b4a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b to use the disk\n+0000b4b0: 2073 7761 7070 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 swapping techni\n+0000b4c0: 7175 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6861 que, because tha\n+0000b4d0: 7420 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 t OS cannot boot\n+0000b4e0: 0a66 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6469 736b 7320 .from any disks \n+0000b4f0: 6275 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e but the first on\n+0000b500: 652e 2020 5468 6520 776f 726b 6172 6f75 e. The workarou\n+0000b510: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 nd used in GRUB \n+0000b520: 6973 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 is the.command '\n+0000b530: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 drivemap' (*note\n+0000b540: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a29 2c20 6c69 drivemap::), li\n+0000b550: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 ke this:.. d\n+0000b560: 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 rivemap -s (hd0)\n+0000b570: 2028 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 (hd1).. This \n+0000b580: 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2022 7669 7274 performs a \"virt\n+0000b590: 7561 6c22 2073 7761 7020 6265 7477 6565 ual\" swap betwee\n+0000b5a0: 6e20 796f 7572 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 n your first and\n+0000b5b0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 7264 0a64 7269 second hard.dri\n+0000b5c0: 7665 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ve... *Caution\n+0000b5d0: 3a2a 2054 6869 7320 6973 2065 6666 6563 :* This is effec\n+0000b5e0: 7469 7665 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2044 4f53 tive only if DOS\n+0000b5f0: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7573 (or Windows) us\n+0000b600: 6573 2042 494f 5320 746f 0a61 6363 6573 es BIOS to.acces\n+0000b610: 7320 7468 6520 7377 6170 7065 6420 6469 s the swapped di\n+0000b620: 736b 732e 2020 4966 2074 6861 7420 4f53 sks. If that OS\n+0000b630: 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 uses a special \n+0000b640: 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a64 driver for the.d\n+0000b650: 6973 6b73 2c20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6261 isks, this proba\n+0000b660: 626c 7920 776f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2e0a bly won't work..\n+0000b670: 0a20 2020 416e 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f62 . Another prob\n+0000b680: 6c65 6d20 6172 6973 6573 2069 6620 796f lem arises if yo\n+0000b690: 7520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6d6f 7265 u installed more\n+0000b6a0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7365 7420 6f66 than one set of\n+0000b6b0: 0a44 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 206f 6e74 .DOS/Windows ont\n+0000b6c0: 6f20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2c20 6265 6361 o one disk, beca\n+0000b6d0: 7573 6520 7468 6579 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 use they could b\n+0000b6e0: 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 e confused if th\n+0000b6f0: 6572 6520 6172 650a 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 ere are.more tha\n+0000b700: 6e20 6f6e 6520 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 n one primary pa\n+0000b710: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2044 4f53 rtitions for DOS\n+0000b720: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2e20 2043 6572 7461 /Windows. Certa\n+0000b730: 696e 6c79 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 640a inly you should.\n+0000b740: 6176 6f69 6420 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 avoid doing this\n+0000b750: 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 , but there is a\n+0000b760: 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6966 2079 6f75 solution if you\n+0000b770: 2064 6f20 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 646f 2073 do want to do s\n+0000b780: 6f2e 2020 5573 650a 7468 6520 7061 7274 o. Use.the part\n+0000b790: 6974 696f 6e20 6869 6469 6e67 2f75 6e68 ition hiding/unh\n+0000b7a0: 6964 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 7175 652e iding technique.\n+0000b7b0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 6869 .. If GRUB \"hi\n+0000b7c0: 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 des\" a DOS (or W\n+0000b7d0: 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f indows) partitio\n+0000b7e0: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6172 7474 6f6f n (*note parttoo\n+0000b7f0: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 444f 530a 286f 7220 5769 l::), DOS.(or Wi\n+0000b800: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6967 6e6f ndows) will igno\n+0000b810: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e re the partition\n+0000b820: 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 756e 6869 . If GRUB \"unhi\n+0000b830: 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 0a57 des\" a DOS (or.W\n+0000b840: 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f indows) partitio\n+0000b850: 6e2c 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f n, DOS (or Windo\n+0000b860: 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7420 ws) will detect \n+0000b870: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 the partition. \n+0000b880: 5468 7573 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 Thus,.if you hav\n+0000b890: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 e installed DOS \n+0000b8a0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 (or Windows) on \n+0000b8b0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7468 the first and th\n+0000b8c0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 0a70 6172 7469 7469 e second.partiti\n+0000b8d0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+0000b8e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 2079 hard disk, and y\n+0000b8f0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ou want to boot \n+0000b900: 7468 6520 636f 7079 206f 6e20 7468 650a the copy on the.\n+0000b910: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c first partition,\n+0000b920: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e do the followin\n+0000b930: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f g:.. parttoo\n+0000b940: 6c20 2868 6430 2c31 2920 6869 6464 656e l (hd0,1) hidden\n+0000b950: 2d0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 -. parttool \n+0000b960: 2868 6430 2c32 2920 6869 6464 656e 2b0a (hd0,2) hidden+.\n+0000b970: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 set root=(h\n+0000b980: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2063 6861 696e d0,1). chain\n+0000b990: 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 2070 loader +1. p\n+0000b9a0: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 arttool ${root} \n+0000b9b0: 626f 6f74 2b0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 740a boot+. boot.\n+0000b9c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0000b9d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: Confi\n+0000b9e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a guration, Next:\n+0000b9f0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+0000ba00: 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2042 6f6f 7469 at, Prev: Booti\n+0000ba10: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 ng, Up: Top..6 \n+0000ba20: 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e Writing your own\n+0000ba30: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+0000ba40: 696c 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ile.************\n 0000ba50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000ba60: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n-0000ba70: 4220 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 B is configured \n-0000ba80: 7573 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 using 'grub.cfg'\n-0000ba90: 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6361 7465 , usually locate\n-0000baa0: 6420 756e 6465 7220 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 d under '/boot/g\n-0000bab0: 7275 6227 2e0a 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 rub'..This file \n-0000bac0: 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 6c65 7869 626c is quite flexibl\n-0000bad0: 652c 2062 7574 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 e, but most user\n-0000bae0: 7320 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 s will not need \n-0000baf0: 746f 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 0a77 686f to write the.who\n-0000bb00: 6c65 2074 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6861 6e64 le thing by hand\n-0000bb10: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5369 ...* Menu:..* Si\n-0000bb20: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-0000bb30: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on:: \n-0000bb40: 5265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 666f 7220 Recommended for \n-0000bb50: 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 0a2a 2052 6f6f most users.* Roo\n-0000bb60: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n-0000bb70: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 3a3a 2020 2053 Heuristics:: S\n-0000bb80: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6e20 686f 7720 7468 ummary on how th\n-0000bb90: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n-0000bba0: 656d 2069 7320 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 em is identified\n-0000bbb0: 2e0a 2a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ..* Shell-like s\n-0000bbc0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 cripting:: \n-0000bbd0: 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 706f 7765 7220 For power \n-0000bbe0: 7573 6572 7320 616e 6420 6465 7665 6c6f users and develo\n-0000bbf0: 7065 7273 0a2a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f pers.* Multi-boo\n-0000bc00: 7420 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 673a t manual config:\n-0000bc10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206e 6f6e : For non\n-0000bc20: 2d73 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6d75 6c74 692d -standard multi-\n-0000bc30: 4f53 2073 6365 6e61 7269 6f73 0a2a 2045 OS scenarios.* E\n-0000bc40: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-0000bc50: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n-0000bc60: 2045 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e Embedding a con\n-0000bc70: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-0000bc80: 696e 746f 2047 5255 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c into GRUB....Fil\n-0000bc90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000bca0: 6f64 653a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 ode: Simple conf\n-0000bcb0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 iguration, Next\n-0000bcc0: 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 : Root Identifca\n-0000bcd0: 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c tion Heuristics,\n-0000bce0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Up: Configurat\n-0000bcf0: 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e31 2053 696d 706c 6520 ion..6.1 Simple \n-0000bd00: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6861 configuration ha\n-0000bd10: 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ndling.=========\n+0000ba60: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n+0000ba70: 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7573 is configured us\n+0000ba80: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 ing 'grub.cfg', \n+0000ba90: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 usually located \n+0000baa0: 756e 6465 7220 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 under '/boot/gru\n+0000bab0: 6227 2e0a 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 6973 b'..This file is\n+0000bac0: 2071 7569 7465 2066 6c65 7869 626c 652c quite flexible,\n+0000bad0: 2062 7574 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 7320 but most users \n+0000bae0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f will not need to\n+0000baf0: 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 0a77 686f 6c65 write the.whole\n+0000bb00: 2074 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6861 6e64 2e0a thing by hand..\n+0000bb10: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5369 6d70 .* Menu:..* Simp\n+0000bb20: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+0000bb30: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 :: Re\n+0000bb40: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 666f 7220 6d6f commended for mo\n+0000bb50: 7374 2075 7365 7273 0a2a 2052 6f6f 7420 st users.* Root \n+0000bb60: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n+0000bb70: 7572 6973 7469 6373 3a3a 2020 2053 756d uristics:: Sum\n+0000bb80: 6d61 7279 206f 6e20 686f 7720 7468 6520 mary on how the \n+0000bb90: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n+0000bba0: 2069 7320 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2e0a is identified..\n+0000bbb0: 2a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 * Shell-like scr\n+0000bbc0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ipting:: \n+0000bbd0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 For power us\n+0000bbe0: 6572 7320 616e 6420 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 ers and develope\n+0000bbf0: 7273 0a2a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 rs.* Multi-boot \n+0000bc00: 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 manual config:: \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d73 For non-s\n+0000bc20: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 4f53 tandard multi-OS\n+0000bc30: 2073 6365 6e61 7269 6f73 0a2a 2045 6d62 scenarios.* Emb\n+0000bc40: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+0000bc50: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 ion:: E\n+0000bc60: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 mbedding a confi\n+0000bc70: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e guration file in\n+0000bc80: 746f 2047 5255 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to GRUB....File:\n+0000bc90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000bca0: 653a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 e: Simple config\n+0000bcb0: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 uration, Next: \n+0000bcc0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n+0000bcd0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 on Heuristics, \n+0000bce0: 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f Up: Configuratio\n+0000bcf0: 6e0a 0a36 2e31 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f n..6.1 Simple co\n+0000bd00: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6861 6e64 nfiguration hand\n+0000bd10: 6c69 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ling.===========\n 0000bd20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000bd30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-0000bd40: 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ogram 'grub-mkco\n-0000bd50: 6e66 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 nfig' (*note Inv\n-0000bd60: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-0000bd70: 6669 673a 3a29 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 fig::) generates\n-0000bd80: 0a27 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6669 6c65 .'grub.cfg' file\n-0000bd90: 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 206d s suitable for m\n-0000bda0: 6f73 7420 6361 7365 732e 2020 4974 2069 ost cases. It i\n-0000bdb0: 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 s suitable for u\n-0000bdc0: 7365 2077 6865 6e0a 7570 6772 6164 696e se when.upgradin\n-0000bdd0: 6720 6120 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e g a distribution\n-0000bde0: 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 636f , and will disco\n-0000bdf0: 7665 7220 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6b65 ver available ke\n-0000be00: 726e 656c 7320 616e 640a 6174 7465 6d70 rnels and.attemp\n-0000be10: 7420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 t to generate me\n-0000be20: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 2074 nu entries for t\n-0000be30: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d hem... 'grub-m\n-0000be40: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2064 6f65 7320 6861 kconfig' does ha\n-0000be50: 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ve some limitati\n-0000be60: 6f6e 732e 2020 5768 696c 6520 6164 6469 ons. While addi\n-0000be70: 6e67 2065 7874 7261 0a63 7573 746f 6d20 ng extra.custom \n-0000be80: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6f20 menu entries to \n-0000be90: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c the end of the l\n-0000bea0: 6973 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 ist can be done \n-0000beb0: 6279 2065 6469 7469 6e67 0a27 2f65 7463 by editing.'/etc\n-0000bec0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f /grub.d/40_custo\n-0000bed0: 6d27 206f 7220 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2027 m' or creating '\n-0000bee0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f63 7573 746f /boot/grub/custo\n-0000bef0: 6d2e 6366 6727 2c20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 m.cfg', changing\n-0000bf00: 0a74 6865 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 6d65 .the order of me\n-0000bf10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 7220 6368 nu entries or ch\n-0000bf20: 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 6972 2074 6974 anging their tit\n-0000bf30: 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 les may require \n-0000bf40: 6d61 6b69 6e67 0a63 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 making.complex c\n-0000bf50: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 6f20 7368 656c 6c20 hanges to shell \n-0000bf60: 7363 7269 7074 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 scripts stored i\n-0000bf70: 6e20 272f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f27 n '/etc/grub.d/'\n-0000bf80: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 0a69 . This may be.i\n-0000bf90: 6d70 726f 7665 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 mproved in the f\n-0000bfa0: 7574 7572 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 206d uture. In the m\n-0000bfb0: 6561 6e74 696d 652c 2074 686f 7365 2077 eantime, those w\n-0000bfc0: 686f 2066 6565 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 ho feel that it \n-0000bfd0: 776f 756c 640a 6265 2065 6173 6965 7220 would.be easier \n-0000bfe0: 746f 2077 7269 7465 2027 6772 7562 2e63 to write 'grub.c\n-0000bff0: 6667 2720 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7265 fg' directly are\n-0000c000: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 6420 746f 2064 encouraged to d\n-0000c010: 6f20 736f 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 426f 6f74 o so (*note.Boot\n-0000c020: 696e 673a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 ing::, and *note\n-0000c030: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-0000c040: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 746f pting::), and to\n-0000c050: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 2073 7973 disable any sys\n-0000c060: 7465 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 tem.provided by \n-0000c070: 7468 6569 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 their distributi\n-0000c080: 6f6e 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 on to automatica\n-0000c090: 6c6c 7920 7275 6e20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b lly run 'grub-mk\n-0000c0a0: 636f 6e66 6967 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 config'... The\n-0000c0b0: 2066 696c 6520 272f 6574 632f 6465 6661 file '/etc/defa\n-0000c0c0: 756c 742f 6772 7562 2720 636f 6e74 726f ult/grub' contro\n-0000c0d0: 6c73 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ls the operation\n-0000c0e0: 206f 660a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 of.'grub-mkconf\n-0000c0f0: 6967 272e 2020 4974 2069 7320 736f 7572 ig'. It is sour\n-0000c100: 6365 6420 6279 2061 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 ced by a shell s\n-0000c110: 6372 6970 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6d75 cript, and so mu\n-0000c120: 7374 2062 6520 7661 6c69 640a 504f 5349 st be valid.POSI\n-0000c130: 5820 7368 656c 6c20 696e 7075 743b 206e X shell input; n\n-0000c140: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c ormally, it will\n-0000c150: 206a 7573 7420 6265 2061 2073 6571 7565 just be a seque\n-0000c160: 6e63 6520 6f66 2027 4b45 593d 7661 6c75 nce of 'KEY=valu\n-0000c170: 6527 0a6c 696e 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6966 e'.lines, but if\n-0000c180: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f6e 7461 the value conta\n-0000c190: 696e 7320 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 6f74 ins spaces or ot\n-0000c1a0: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6368 6172 her special char\n-0000c1b0: 6163 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e0a 6974 206d acters then.it m\n-0000c1c0: 7573 7420 6265 2071 756f 7465 642e 2020 ust be quoted. \n-0000c1d0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 For example:.. \n-0000c1e0: 2020 2047 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c GRUB_TERMINAL\n-0000c1f0: 5f49 4e50 5554 3d22 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 _INPUT=\"console \n-0000c200: 7365 7269 616c 220a 0a20 2020 5661 6c69 serial\".. Vali\n-0000c210: 6420 6b65 7973 2069 6e20 272f 6574 632f d keys in '/etc/\n-0000c220: 6465 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2720 6172 default/grub' ar\n-0000c230: 6520 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a27 e as follows:..'\n-0000c240: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 GRUB_DEFAULT'. \n-0000c250: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d The default m\n-0000c260: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 5468 6973 enu entry. This\n-0000c270: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 may be a number\n-0000c280: 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 , in which case \n-0000c290: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 it. identifi\n-0000c2a0: 6573 2074 6865 204e 7468 2065 6e74 7279 es the Nth entry\n-0000c2b0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 in the generate\n-0000c2c0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 d menu counted f\n-0000c2d0: 726f 6d20 7a65 726f 2c0a 2020 2020 206f rom zero,. o\n-0000c2e0: 7220 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2061 r the title of a\n-0000c2f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 206f 7220 menu entry, or \n-0000c300: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7374 7269 the special stri\n-0000c310: 6e67 2027 7361 7665 6427 2e20 2055 7369 ng 'saved'. Usi\n-0000c320: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6964 206d ng. the id m\n-0000c330: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 ay be useful if \n-0000c340: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 you want to set \n-0000c350: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2061 7320 a menu entry as \n-0000c360: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 the default. \n-0000c370: 2065 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 even though the\n-0000c380: 7265 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 7661 7269 re may be a vari\n-0000c390: 6162 6c65 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2065 able number of e\n-0000c3a0: 6e74 7269 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6974 ntries before it\n-0000c3b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n-0000c3c0: 706c 652c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 ple, if you have\n-0000c3d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 :.. menuentr\n-0000c3e0: 7920 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c y 'Example GNU/L\n-0000c3f0: 696e 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f inux distributio\n-0000c400: 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c n' --class gnu-l\n-0000c410: 696e 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c inux --id exampl\n-0000c420: 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 2020 e-gnu-linux {. \n-0000c430: 2020 2009 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a ..... }..\n-0000c440: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 then you ca\n-0000c450: 6e20 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 n make this the \n-0000c460: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a default using:..\n-0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f44 GRUB_D\n-0000c480: 4546 4155 4c54 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 EFAULT=example-g\n-0000c490: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 nu-linux.. P\n-0000c4a0: 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6974 2077 6173 reviously it was\n-0000c4b0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 7468 6520 documented the \n-0000c4c0: 7761 7920 746f 2075 7365 2065 6e74 7279 way to use entry\n-0000c4d0: 2074 6974 6c65 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 0a20 title. While. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2073 7469 6c6c 2077 this still w\n-0000c4f0: 6f72 6b73 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 orks it's not re\n-0000c500: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 commended since \n-0000c510: 7469 746c 6573 206f 6674 656e 2063 6f6e titles often con\n-0000c520: 7461 696e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7374 6162 tain. unstab\n-0000c530: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 le device names \n-0000c540: 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2074 7261 6e73 and may be trans\n-0000c550: 6c61 7465 640a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 lated.. If y\n-0000c560: 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 ou set this to '\n-0000c570: 7361 7665 6427 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 saved', then the\n-0000c580: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-0000c590: 7472 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 try will be. \n-0000c5a0: 2074 6861 7420 7361 7665 6420 6279 2027 that saved by '\n-0000c5b0: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n-0000c5c0: 2720 6f72 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 ' or 'grub-set-d\n-0000c5d0: 6566 6175 6c74 272e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 efault'. This. \n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 7265 6c69 6573 206f 6e20 7468 relies on th\n-0000c5f0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e environment bl\n-0000c600: 6f63 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 206e ock, which may n\n-0000c610: 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ot be available \n-0000c620: 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 7475 in all. situ\n-0000c630: 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e ations (*note En\n-0000c640: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-0000c650: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 :)... The de\n-0000c660: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2027 3027 2e0a 0a27 fault is '0'...'\n-0000c670: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n-0000c680: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f '. If this o\n-0000c690: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n-0000c6a0: 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 7768 'true', then, wh\n-0000c6b0: 656e 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 en an entry is s\n-0000c6c0: 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 7361 elected,. sa\n-0000c6d0: 7665 2069 7420 6173 2061 206e 6577 2064 ve it as a new d\n-0000c6e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 efault entry for\n-0000c6f0: 2075 7365 2062 7920 6675 7475 7265 2072 use by future r\n-0000c700: 756e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6869 uns of GRUB. Thi\n-0000c710: 730a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 s. is only u\n-0000c720: 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2027 4752 5542 5f44 seful if 'GRUB_D\n-0000c730: 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 273b 2069 EFAULT=saved'; i\n-0000c740: 7420 6973 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 t is a separate \n-0000c750: 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6361 option. beca\n-0000c760: 7573 6520 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c use 'GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000c770: 543d 7361 7665 6427 2069 7320 7573 6566 T=saved' is usef\n-0000c780: 756c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6869 7320 ul without this \n-0000c790: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 option, in. \n-0000c7a0: 636f 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 conjunction with\n-0000c7b0: 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 'grub-set-defau\n-0000c7c0: 6c74 272e 2020 556e 7365 7420 6279 2064 lt'. Unset by d\n-0000c7d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 efault. This. \n-0000c7e0: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7265 6c69 6573 option relies\n-0000c7f0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d on the environm\n-0000c800: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 ent block, which\n-0000c810: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n-0000c820: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 616c lable. in al\n-0000c830: 6c20 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e l situations (*n\n-0000c840: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n-0000c850: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 block::)...'GRUB\n-0000c860: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2042 _TIMEOUT'. B\n-0000c870: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 oot the default \n-0000c880: 656e 7472 7920 7468 6973 206d 616e 7920 entry this many \n-0000c890: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 seconds after th\n-0000c8a0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 730a 2020 2020 2064 e menu is. d\n-0000c8b0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 isplayed, unless\n-0000c8c0: 2061 206b 6579 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 a key is presse\n-0000c8d0: 642e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 d. The default \n-0000c8e0: 6973 2027 3527 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6f0a is '5'. Set to.\n-0000c8f0: 2020 2020 2027 3027 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 '0' to boot\n-0000c900: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 immediately wit\n-0000c910: 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 hout displaying \n-0000c920: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 the menu, or to \n-0000c930: 272d 3127 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2077 6169 '-1' to. wai\n-0000c940: 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a t indefinitely..\n-0000c950: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2027 4752 5542 5f54 . If 'GRUB_T\n-0000c960: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 6973 IMEOUT_STYLE' is\n-0000c970: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f set to 'countdo\n-0000c980: 776e 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 656e 272c wn' or 'hidden',\n-0000c990: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 the. timeou\n-0000c9a0: 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 t is instead cou\n-0000c9b0: 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 nted before the \n-0000c9c0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 menu is displaye\n-0000c9d0: 642e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 d...'GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000c9e0: 545f 5354 594c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4966 T_STYLE'. If\n-0000c9f0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0000ca00: 756e 7365 7420 6f72 2073 6574 2074 6f20 unset or set to \n-0000ca10: 276d 656e 7527 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 'menu', then GRU\n-0000ca20: 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 B will display. \n-0000ca30: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 the menu and\n-0000ca40: 2074 6865 6e20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 then wait for t\n-0000ca50: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 he timeout set b\n-0000ca60: 7920 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 y 'GRUB_TIMEOUT'\n-0000ca70: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6520 to. expire \n-0000ca80: 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 before booting t\n-0000ca90: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-0000caa0: 2e20 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 6120 6b65 . Pressing a ke\n-0000cab0: 7920 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 0a20 2020 y interrupts. \n-0000cac0: 2020 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 742e 0a0a the timeout...\n-0000cad0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0000cae0: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2763 ion is set to 'c\n-0000caf0: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 2027 6869 ountdown' or 'hi\n-0000cb00: 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 6e2c 2062 6566 dden', then, bef\n-0000cb10: 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 ore. display\n-0000cb20: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 ing the menu, GR\n-0000cb30: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 UB will wait for\n-0000cb40: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 the timeout set\n-0000cb50: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 by. 'GRUB_T\n-0000cb60: 494d 454f 5554 2720 746f 2065 7870 6972 IMEOUT' to expir\n-0000cb70: 652e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 e. If or \n-0000cb80: 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 are pressed\n-0000cb90: 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 0a20 2020 , or . \n-0000cba0: 2020 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 is held down d\n-0000cbb0: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c uring that time,\n-0000cbc0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 it will display\n-0000cbd0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7761 the menu and wa\n-0000cbe0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 696e 7075 it. for inpu\n-0000cbf0: 742e 2020 4966 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 t. If a hotkey \n-0000cc00: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 associated with \n-0000cc10: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 a menu entry is \n-0000cc20: 7072 6573 7365 642c 2069 740a 2020 2020 pressed, it. \n-0000cc30: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 will boot the a\n-0000cc40: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 ssociated menu e\n-0000cc50: 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 ntry immediately\n-0000cc60: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 . If the timeou\n-0000cc70: 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 t. expires b\n-0000cc80: 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 efore either of \n-0000cc90: 7468 6573 6520 6861 7070 656e 732c 2069 these happens, i\n-0000cca0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 t will boot the \n-0000ccb0: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 default. ent\n-0000ccc0: 7279 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 2763 6f75 ry. In the 'cou\n-0000ccd0: 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6361 7365 2c20 6974 ntdown' case, it\n-0000cce0: 2077 696c 6c20 7368 6f77 2061 206f 6e65 will show a one\n-0000ccf0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6f6e -line indication\n-0000cd00: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2072 656d . of the rem\n-0000cd10: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2747 aining time...'G\n-0000cd20: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 RUB_DEFAULT_BUTT\n-0000cd30: 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ON'.'GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000cd40: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f T_BUTTON'.'GRUB_\n-0000cd50: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 TIMEOUT_STYLE_BU\n-0000cd60: 5454 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 TTON'.'GRUB_BUTT\n-0000cd70: 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 ON_CMOS_ADDRESS'\n-0000cd80: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7473 206f . Variants o\n-0000cd90: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 f the correspond\n-0000cda0: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 ing variables wi\n-0000cdb0: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 thout the '_BUTT\n-0000cdc0: 4f4e 270a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 782c ON'. suffix,\n-0000cdd0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 used to support\n-0000cde0: 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 vendor-specific\n-0000cdf0: 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 power buttons. \n-0000ce00: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5665 6e64 *Note. Vend\n-0000ce10: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n-0000ce20: 3a3a 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 5452 ::...'GRUB_DISTR\n-0000ce30: 4942 5554 4f52 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 IBUTOR'. Set\n-0000ce40: 2062 7920 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 by distributors\n-0000ce50: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6569 of GRUB to thei\n-0000ce60: 7220 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 6e61 r identifying na\n-0000ce70: 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 me. This is. \n-0000ce80: 2020 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 used to genera\n-0000ce90: 7465 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 te more informat\n-0000cea0: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 ive menu entry t\n-0000ceb0: 6974 6c65 732e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5445 itles...'GRUB_TE\n-0000cec0: 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 270a 2020 RMINAL_INPUT'. \n-0000ced0: 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7465 Select the te\n-0000cee0: 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2064 6576 rminal input dev\n-0000cef0: 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 ice. You may se\n-0000cf00: 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 lect multiple de\n-0000cf10: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c vices. here,\n-0000cf20: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n-0000cf30: 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 aces... Vali\n-0000cf40: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 d terminal input\n-0000cf50: 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e 6420 6f6e names depend on\n-0000cf60: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2062 the platform, b\n-0000cf70: 7574 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 ut may include. \n-0000cf80: 2020 2020 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 2720 286e 'console' (n\n-0000cf90: 6174 6976 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2063 ative platform c\n-0000cfa0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 292c 2027 7365 7269 616c onsole), 'serial\n-0000cfb0: 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e ' (serial termin\n-0000cfc0: 616c 292c 0a20 2020 2020 2773 6572 6961 al),. 'seria\n-0000cfd0: 6c5f 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 2873 6572 6961 l_' (seria\n-0000cfe0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 6974 6820 l terminal with \n-0000cff0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2070 6f72 7420 7365 explicit port se\n-0000d000: 6c65 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 lection),. '\n-0000d010: 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 5043 at_keyboard' (PC\n-0000d020: 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 292c 206f AT keyboard), o\n-0000d030: 7220 2775 7362 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 r 'usb_keyboard'\n-0000d040: 2028 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a20 (USB keyboard. \n-0000d050: 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4849 using the HI\n-0000d060: 4420 426f 6f74 2050 726f 746f 636f 6c2c D Boot Protocol,\n-0000d070: 2066 6f72 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 for cases where\n-0000d080: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f the firmware do\n-0000d090: 6573 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e64 es not. hand\n-0000d0a0: 6c65 2074 6869 7329 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 le this)... \n-0000d0b0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n-0000d0c0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f o use the platfo\n-0000d0d0: 726d 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d rm's native term\n-0000d0e0: 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a27 4752 inal input...'GR\n-0000d0f0: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 UB_TERMINAL_OUTP\n-0000d100: 5554 270a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 UT'. Select \n-0000d110: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 the terminal out\n-0000d120: 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 put device. You\n-0000d130: 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 may select mult\n-0000d140: 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 iple devices. \n-0000d150: 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 here, separate\n-0000d160: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n-0000d170: 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Valid termina\n-0000d180: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 206e 616d 6573 2064 l output names d\n-0000d190: 6570 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6c61 epend on the pla\n-0000d1a0: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2069 tform, but may i\n-0000d1b0: 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2763 6f6e nclude. 'con\n-0000d1c0: 736f 6c65 2720 286e 6174 6976 6520 706c sole' (native pl\n-0000d1d0: 6174 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292c atform console),\n-0000d1e0: 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 2873 6572 6961 'serial' (seria\n-0000d1f0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 292c 0a20 2020 l terminal),. \n-0000d200: 2020 2773 6572 6961 6c5f 3c70 6f72 743e 'serial_\n-0000d210: 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e ' (serial termin\n-0000d220: 616c 2077 6974 6820 6578 706c 6963 6974 al with explicit\n-0000d230: 2070 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 6374 696f 6e29 port selection)\n-0000d240: 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 ,. 'gfxterm'\n-0000d250: 2028 6772 6170 6869 6373 2d6d 6f64 6520 (graphics-mode \n-0000d260: 6f75 7470 7574 292c 2027 7667 615f 7465 output), 'vga_te\n-0000d270: 7874 2720 2856 4741 2074 6578 7420 6f75 xt' (VGA text ou\n-0000d280: 7470 7574 292c 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6461 tput),. 'mda\n-0000d290: 5f74 6578 7427 2028 4d44 4120 7465 7874 _text' (MDA text\n-0000d2a0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 276d 6f72 7365 output), 'morse\n-0000d2b0: 2720 284d 6f72 7365 2d63 6f64 696e 6720 ' (Morse-coding \n-0000d2c0: 7573 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 using system. \n-0000d2d0: 2020 6265 6570 6572 2920 6f72 2027 7370 beeper) or 'sp\n-0000d2e0: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2720 2873 696d 706c 6520 kmodem' (simple \n-0000d2f0: 6461 7461 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 7573 data protocol us\n-0000d300: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2073 7065 616b ing system speak\n-0000d310: 6572 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7370 6b6d er)... 'spkm\n-0000d320: 6f64 656d 2720 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 odem' is useful \n-0000d330: 7768 656e 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 when no serial p\n-0000d340: 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ort is available\n-0000d350: 2e20 2043 6f6e 6e65 6374 2074 6865 0a20 . Connect the. \n-0000d360: 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 7365 output of se\n-0000d370: 6e64 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2028 7768 nding system (wh\n-0000d380: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 7275 6e6e ere GRUB is runn\n-0000d390: 696e 6729 2074 6f20 6c69 6e65 2d69 6e20 ing) to line-in \n-0000d3a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6365 6976 696e of. receivin\n-0000d3b0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2028 7573 7561 6c6c g system (usuall\n-0000d3c0: 7920 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6d61 6368 y developer mach\n-0000d3d0: 696e 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 7265 6365 6976 ine). On receiv\n-0000d3e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ing system. \n-0000d3f0: 636f 6d70 696c 6520 2773 706b 6d6f 6465 compile 'spkmode\n-0000d400: 6d2d 7265 6376 2720 6672 6f6d 2027 7574 m-recv' from 'ut\n-0000d410: 696c 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 il/spkmodem-recv\n-0000d420: 2e63 2720 616e 6420 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 .c' and run:.. \n-0000d430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7265 636f 7264 parecord\n-0000d440: 202d 2d63 6861 6e6e 656c 733d 3120 2d2d --channels=1 --\n-0000d450: 7261 7465 3d34 3830 3030 202d 2d66 6f72 rate=48000 --for\n-0000d460: 6d61 743d 7331 366c 6520 7c20 2e2f 7370 mat=s16le | ./sp\n-0000d470: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 760a 0a20 2020 kmodem-recv.. \n-0000d480: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n-0000d490: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 to use the plat\n-0000d4a0: 666f 726d 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 form's native te\n-0000d4b0: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a rminal output...\n-0000d4c0: 2747 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 270a 'GRUB_TERMINAL'.\n-0000d4d0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0000d4e0: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f ion is set, it o\n-0000d4f0: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2062 6f74 6820 2747 verrides both 'G\n-0000d500: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 RUB_TERMINAL_INP\n-0000d510: 5554 2720 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 UT' and. 'GR\n-0000d520: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 UB_TERMINAL_OUTP\n-0000d530: 5554 2720 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 UT' to the same \n-0000d540: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5345 value...'GRUB_SE\n-0000d550: 5249 414c 5f43 4f4d 4d41 4e44 270a 2020 RIAL_COMMAND'. \n-0000d560: 2020 2041 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 A command to \n-0000d570: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7468 6520 7365 configure the se\n-0000d580: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 7768 656e 2075 rial port when u\n-0000d590: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c0a sing the serial.\n-0000d5a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 202a console. *\n-0000d5b0: 4e6f 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a2e 2020 Note serial::. \n-0000d5c0: 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2773 6572 Defaults to 'ser\n-0000d5d0: 6961 6c27 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ial'...'GRUB_CMD\n-0000d5e0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 270a 2020 2020 LINE_LINUX'. \n-0000d5f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 Command-line ar\n-0000d600: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 2061 6464 2074 guments to add t\n-0000d610: 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 o menu entries f\n-0000d620: 6f72 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 or the Linux ker\n-0000d630: 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c nel...'GRUB_CMDL\n-0000d640: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 4445 4641 554c INE_LINUX_DEFAUL\n-0000d650: 5427 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2027 T'. Unless '\n-0000d660: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 GRUB_DISABLE_REC\n-0000d670: 4f56 4552 5927 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f OVERY' is set to\n-0000d680: 2027 7472 7565 272c 2074 776f 206d 656e 'true', two men\n-0000d690: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 u entries. w\n-0000d6a0: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n-0000d6b0: 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 for each Linux \n-0000d6c0: 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 kernel: one defa\n-0000d6d0: 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e ult entry and on\n-0000d6e0: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 e. entry for\n-0000d6f0: 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 recovery mode. \n-0000d700: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 This option lis\n-0000d710: 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 ts command-line \n-0000d720: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 arguments. t\n-0000d730: 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 o add only to th\n-0000d740: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n-0000d750: 6e74 7279 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6f73 ntry, after thos\n-0000d760: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 e listed in. \n-0000d770: 2027 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 'GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000d780: 494e 5558 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d INUX'...'GRUB_CM\n-0000d790: 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 270a 2747 DLINE_NETBSD'.'G\n-0000d7a0: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 RUB_CMDLINE_NETB\n-0000d7b0: 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 SD_DEFAULT'. \n-0000d7c0: 2041 7320 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e As 'GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000d7d0: 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 4752 E_LINUX' and 'GR\n-0000d7e0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000d7f0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2062 7574 2066 _DEFAULT', but f\n-0000d800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a or. NetBSD..\n-0000d810: 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 .'GRUB_CMDLINE_G\n-0000d820: 4e55 4d41 4348 270a 2020 2020 2041 7320 NUMACH'. As \n-0000d830: 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000d840: 4e55 5827 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e NUX', but for GN\n-0000d850: 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 U Mach...'GRUB_C\n-0000d860: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e 270a 2747 5255 MDLINE_XEN'.'GRU\n-0000d870: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 B_CMDLINE_XEN_DE\n-0000d880: 4641 554c 5427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 FAULT'. The \n-0000d890: 7661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 values of these \n-0000d8a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 options are pass\n-0000d8b0: 6564 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 ed to Xen hyperv\n-0000d8c0: 6973 6f72 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 isor Xen menu. \n-0000d8d0: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 entries, for \n-0000d8e0: 616c 6c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 all respectively\n-0000d8f0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e normal entries.\n-0000d900: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ..'GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000d910: 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 LINUX_XEN_REPLAC\n-0000d920: 4527 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 E'.'GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000d930: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 _LINUX_XEN_REPLA\n-0000d940: 4345 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 CE_DEFAULT'. \n-0000d950: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 The values of t\n-0000d960: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 hese options rep\n-0000d970: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 lace the values \n-0000d980: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 434d of. 'GRUB_CM\n-0000d990: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 DLINE_LINUX' and\n-0000d9a0: 2027 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 'GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000d9b0: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 2720 666f INUX_DEFAULT' fo\n-0000d9c0: 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 r Linux and. \n-0000d9d0: 2058 656e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 Xen menu entrie\n-0000d9e0: 732e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f s...'GRUB_EARLY_\n-0000d9f0: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f43 5553 INITRD_LINUX_CUS\n-0000da00: 544f 4d27 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 TOM'.'GRUB_EARLY\n-0000da10: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 _INITRD_LINUX_ST\n-0000da20: 4f43 4b27 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f OCK'. List o\n-0000da30: 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 f space-separate\n-0000da40: 6420 6561 726c 7920 696e 6974 7264 2069 d early initrd i\n-0000da50: 6d61 6765 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 mages to be load\n-0000da60: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 ed from. '/b\n-0000da70: 6f6f 7427 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2066 oot'. This is f\n-0000da80: 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6869 6e67 or loading thing\n-0000da90: 7320 6c69 6b65 2043 5055 206d 6963 726f s like CPU micro\n-0000daa0: 636f 6465 2c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c0a code, firmware,.\n-0000dab0: 2020 2020 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 ACPI tables\n-0000dac0: 2c20 6372 7970 746f 206b 6579 732c 2061 , crypto keys, a\n-0000dad0: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 7365 nd so on. These\n-0000dae0: 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7769 early images wi\n-0000daf0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 ll be. loade\n-0000db00: 6420 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2064 d in the order d\n-0000db10: 6563 6c61 7265 642c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c eclared, and all\n-0000db20: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 will be loaded \n-0000db30: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 before the. \n-0000db40: 6163 7475 616c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 actual functiona\n-0000db50: 6c20 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a l initrd image..\n-0000db60: 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c . 'GRUB_EARL\n-0000db70: 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 Y_INITRD_LINUX_S\n-0000db80: 544f 434b 2720 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 TOCK' is for you\n-0000db90: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2074 r distribution t\n-0000dba0: 6f20 6465 636c 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 o declare. i\n-0000dbb0: 6d61 6765 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2070 mages that are p\n-0000dbc0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2064 rovided by the d\n-0000dbd0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 istribution. It\n-0000dbe0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 should not be. \n-0000dbf0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2077 6974 modified wit\n-0000dc00: 686f 7574 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6469 hout understandi\n-0000dc10: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7365 7175 656e ng the consequen\n-0000dc20: 6365 732e 2020 5468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 ces. They will \n-0000dc30: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 be. loaded f\n-0000dc40: 6972 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 irst... 'GRU\n-0000dc50: 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c B_EARLY_INITRD_L\n-0000dc60: 494e 5558 5f43 5553 544f 4d27 2069 7320 INUX_CUSTOM' is \n-0000dc70: 666f 7220 796f 7572 2063 7573 746f 6d20 for your custom \n-0000dc80: 6372 6561 7465 6420 696d 6167 6573 2e0a created images..\n-0000dc90: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n-0000dca0: 7420 7374 6f63 6b20 696d 6167 6573 2061 t stock images a\n-0000dcb0: 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 732c 2074 re as follows, t\n-0000dcc0: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 206d 6179 2062 hough they may b\n-0000dcd0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6465 e. overridde\n-0000dce0: 6e20 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 n by your distri\n-0000dcf0: 6275 7469 6f6e 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 bution:. \n-0000dd00: 2020 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 2e69 6d67 2069 intel-uc.img i\n-0000dd10: 6e74 656c 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2061 ntel-ucode.img a\n-0000dd20: 6d64 2d75 632e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 md-uc.img amd-uc\n-0000dd30: 6f64 652e 696d 6720 6561 726c 795f 7563 ode.img early_uc\n-0000dd40: 6f64 652e 6370 696f 206d 6963 726f 636f ode.cpio microco\n-0000dd50: 6465 2e63 7069 6f0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 de.cpio..'GRUB_D\n-0000dd60: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-0000dd70: 4427 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 D'. Normally\n-0000dd80: 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 , 'grub-mkconfig\n-0000dd90: 2720 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 ' will generate \n-0000dda0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6861 menu entries tha\n-0000ddb0: 7420 7573 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e69 7665 t use. unive\n-0000ddc0: 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 7175 6520 6964 rsally-unique id\n-0000ddd0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 entifiers (UUIDs\n-0000dde0: 2920 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 ) to identify th\n-0000ddf0: 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e root. file\n-0000de00: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 system to the Li\n-0000de10: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7573 696e nux kernel, usin\n-0000de20: 6720 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e g a 'root=UUID=.\n-0000de30: 2e2e 2720 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 ..' kernel. \n-0000de40: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722e 2020 5468 6973 parameter. This\n-0000de50: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is usually more\n-0000de60: 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 2062 7574 2069 reliable, but i\n-0000de70: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 n some cases it \n-0000de80: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2062 6520 may. not be \n-0000de90: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f appropriate. To\n-0000dea0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2075 7365 disable the use\n-0000deb0: 206f 6620 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 of UUIDs, set t\n-0000dec0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 his option. \n-0000ded0: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 to 'true'...'GRU\n-0000dee0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-0000def0: 5041 5254 5555 4944 270a 2020 2020 2049 PARTUUID'. I\n-0000df00: 6620 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 f 'grub-mkconfig\n-0000df10: 2720 6361 6e6e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ' cannot identif\n-0000df20: 7920 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 y the root files\n-0000df30: 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6974 730a 2020 ystem via its. \n-0000df40: 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 universally-u\n-0000df50: 6e69 7175 6520 696e 6465 6e74 6966 6965 nique indentifie\n-0000df60: 7220 2855 5549 4429 2c20 2767 7275 622d r (UUID), 'grub-\n-0000df70: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 6361 6e20 7573 mkconfig' can us\n-0000df80: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2055 5549 4420 e the. UUID \n-0000df90: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e of the partition\n-0000dfa0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n-0000dfb0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6964 filesystem to id\n-0000dfc0: 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 entify the. \n-0000dfd0: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 root filesystem \n-0000dfe0: 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 to the Linux ker\n-0000dff0: 6e65 6c20 7669 6120 6120 2772 6f6f 743d nel via a 'root=\n-0000e000: 5041 5254 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e 270a 2020 PARTUUID=...'. \n-0000e010: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 kernel parame\n-0000e020: 7465 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ter. This is no\n-0000e030: 7420 6173 2072 656c 6961 626c 6520 6173 t as reliable as\n-0000e040: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 using the files\n-0000e050: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 442c ystem. UUID,\n-0000e060: 2062 7574 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2072 656c but is more rel\n-0000e070: 6961 626c 6520 7468 616e 2075 7369 6e67 iable than using\n-0000e080: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 the Linux devic\n-0000e090: 6520 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 5768 656e 0a20 e names. When. \n-0000e0a0: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 'GRUB_DISABL\n-0000e0b0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 E_LINUX_PARTUUID\n-0000e0c0: 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2766 616c ' is set to 'fal\n-0000e0d0: 7365 272c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b se', the Linux k\n-0000e0e0: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 ernel. versi\n-0000e0f0: 6f6e 206d 7573 7420 6265 2032 2e36 2e33 on must be 2.6.3\n-0000e100: 3720 2833 2e31 3020 666f 7220 7379 7374 7 (3.10 for syst\n-0000e110: 656d 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4d53 ems using the MS\n-0000e120: 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 DOS partition. \n-0000e130: 2020 2073 6368 656d 6529 206f 7220 6e65 scheme) or ne\n-0000e140: 7765 722e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f wer. This optio\n-0000e150: 6e20 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2774 n defaults to 't\n-0000e160: 7275 6527 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 rue'. To enable\n-0000e170: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 6f66 the. use of\n-0000e180: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4473 partition UUIDs\n-0000e190: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f , set this optio\n-0000e1a0: 6e20 746f 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 n to 'false'...'\n-0000e1b0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 GRUB_DISABLE_REC\n-0000e1c0: 4f56 4552 5927 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 OVERY'. If t\n-0000e1d0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000e1e0: 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2064 6973 t to 'true', dis\n-0000e1f0: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 able the generat\n-0000e200: 696f 6e20 6f66 2072 6563 6f76 6572 790a ion of recovery.\n-0000e210: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 mode menu e\n-0000e220: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 ntries...'GRUB_D\n-0000e230: 4953 4142 4c45 5f55 5549 4427 0a20 2020 ISABLE_UUID'. \n-0000e240: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 2767 7275 Normally, 'gru\n-0000e250: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7769 6c6c b-mkconfig' will\n-0000e260: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 generate menu e\n-0000e270: 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 7573 650a ntries that use.\n-0000e280: 2020 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 universally\n-0000e290: 2d75 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 -unique identifi\n-0000e2a0: 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 746f 2069 ers (UUIDs) to i\n-0000e2b0: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7661 7269 6f75 730a dentify various.\n-0000e2c0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 filesystems\n-0000e2d0: 2074 6f20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 2066 to search for f\n-0000e2e0: 696c 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 iles. This is u\n-0000e2f0: 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 sually more reli\n-0000e300: 6162 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 able,. but i\n-0000e310: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 n some cases it \n-0000e320: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f may not be appro\n-0000e330: 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 priate. To disa\n-0000e340: 626c 6520 7468 6973 2075 7365 0a20 2020 ble this use. \n-0000e350: 2020 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 of UUIDs, set \n-0000e360: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 this option to '\n-0000e370: 7472 7565 272e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 true'. Setting \n-0000e380: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 this option to. \n-0000e390: 2020 2020 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7769 6c6c 'true', will\n-0000e3a0: 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6f70 also set the op\n-0000e3b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 tions 'GRUB_DISA\n-0000e3c0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2720 BLE_LINUX_UUID' \n-0000e3d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 and. 'GRUB_D\n-0000e3e0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-0000e3f0: 5455 5549 4427 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 TUUID' to 'true'\n-0000e400: 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 7920 6861 , unless they ha\n-0000e410: 7665 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 ve been. exp\n-0000e420: 6c69 6369 6c74 7920 7365 7420 746f 2027 licilty set to '\n-0000e430: 6661 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f56 false'...'GRUB_V\n-0000e440: 4944 454f 5f42 4143 4b45 4e44 270a 2020 IDEO_BACKEND'. \n-0000e450: 2020 2049 6620 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 If graphical \n-0000e460: 7669 6465 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 video support is\n-0000e470: 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2065 6974 6865 required, eithe\n-0000e480: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n-0000e490: 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 'gfxterm' gra\n-0000e4a0: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 phical terminal \n-0000e4b0: 6973 2069 6e20 7573 6520 6f72 2062 6563 is in use or bec\n-0000e4c0: 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f ause. 'GRUB_\n-0000e4d0: 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX\n-0000e4e0: 2720 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2027 ' is set, then '\n-0000e4f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 grub-mkconfig' w\n-0000e500: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 ill normally. \n-0000e510: 2020 6c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c load all avail\n-0000e520: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7669 6465 6f20 able GRUB video \n-0000e530: 6472 6976 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 6520 drivers and use \n-0000e540: 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 6d6f 7374 0a20 2020 the one most. \n-0000e550: 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f appropriate fo\n-0000e560: 7220 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e r your hardware.\n-0000e570: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f If you need to\n-0000e580: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2066 override this f\n-0000e590: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6d65 2072 6561 or. some rea\n-0000e5a0: 736f 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 son, then you ca\n-0000e5b0: 6e20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f n set this optio\n-0000e5c0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6674 6572 2027 n... After '\n-0000e5d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 6861 grub-install' ha\n-0000e5e0: 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2c20 7468 6520 s been run, the \n-0000e5f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n-0000e600: 6472 6976 6572 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 drivers are. \n-0000e610: 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 2027 2f62 6f6f listed in '/boo\n-0000e620: 742f 6772 7562 2f76 6964 656f 2e6c 7374 t/grub/video.lst\n-0000e630: 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4746 584d 4f44 '...'GRUB_GFXMOD\n-0000e640: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 E'. Set the \n-0000e650: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 resolution used \n-0000e660: 6f6e 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 on the 'gfxterm'\n-0000e670: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n-0000e680: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 nal. Note. \n-0000e690: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c that you can onl\n-0000e6a0: 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 y use modes whic\n-0000e6b0: 6820 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 h your graphics \n-0000e6c0: 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 card supports vi\n-0000e6d0: 610a 2020 2020 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 a. VESA BIOS\n-0000e6e0: 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 Extensions (VBE\n-0000e6f0: 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ), so for exampl\n-0000e700: 6520 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e e native LCD pan\n-0000e710: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7265 736f 6c75 7469 el. resoluti\n-0000e720: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ons may not be a\n-0000e730: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 vailable. The d\n-0000e740: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2761 7574 6f27 efault is 'auto'\n-0000e750: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2074 7269 , which. tri\n-0000e760: 6573 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 2070 es to select a p\n-0000e770: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 referred resolut\n-0000e780: 696f 6e2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 6766 786d ion. *Note gfxm\n-0000e790: 6f64 653a 3a2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4241 ode::...'GRUB_BA\n-0000e7a0: 434b 4752 4f55 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2053 CKGROUND'. S\n-0000e7b0: 6574 2061 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 et a background \n-0000e7c0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 image for use wi\n-0000e7d0: 7468 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 th the 'gfxterm'\n-0000e7e0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 graphical. \n-0000e7f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2076 terminal. The v\n-0000e800: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 alue of this opt\n-0000e810: 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6669 ion must be a fi\n-0000e820: 6c65 2072 6561 6461 626c 6520 6279 2047 le readable by G\n-0000e830: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 7420 626f 6f74 RUB. at boot\n-0000e840: 2074 696d 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d75 time, and it mu\n-0000e850: 7374 2065 6e64 2077 6974 6820 272e 706e st end with '.pn\n-0000e860: 6727 2c20 272e 7467 6127 2c20 272e 6a70 g', '.tga', '.jp\n-0000e870: 6727 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 272e 6a70 g', or. '.jp\n-0000e880: 6567 272e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 eg'. The image \n-0000e890: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 will be scaled i\n-0000e8a0: 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2066 f necessary to f\n-0000e8b0: 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a20 it the screen.. \n-0000e8c0: 2020 2020 496d 6167 6520 6865 6967 6874 Image height\n-0000e8d0: 2061 6e64 2077 6964 7468 2077 696c 6c20 and width will \n-0000e8e0: 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6279 be restricted by\n-0000e8f0: 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 206c an artificial l\n-0000e900: 696d 6974 206f 660a 2020 2020 2031 3633 imit of. 163\n-0000e910: 3834 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 84...'GRUB_THEME\n-0000e920: 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2074 6865 '. Set a the\n-0000e930: 6d65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 me for use with \n-0000e940: 7468 6520 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 the 'gfxterm' gr\n-0000e950: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n-0000e960: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...'GRUB_GFXPAYL\n-0000e970: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 5827 0a20 2020 2020 OAD_LINUX'. \n-0000e980: 5365 7420 746f 2027 7465 7874 2720 746f Set to 'text' to\n-0000e990: 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 force the Linux\n-0000e9a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 kernel to boot \n-0000e9b0: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a20 in normal text. \n-0000e9c0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 mode, 'keep'\n-0000e9d0: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 to preserve the\n-0000e9e0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 graphics mode s\n-0000e9f0: 6574 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2747 et using. 'G\n-0000ea00: 5255 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 2c20 2757 RUB_GFXMODE', 'W\n-0000ea10: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 5427 5b27 7844 IDTHxHEIGHT'['xD\n-0000ea20: 4550 5448 275d 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 EPTH'] to set a \n-0000ea30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 particular. \n-0000ea40: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 652c 206f graphics mode, o\n-0000ea50: 7220 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 r a sequence of \n-0000ea60: 7468 6573 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 these separated \n-0000ea70: 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 by commas or. \n-0000ea80: 2020 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2074 6f20 semicolons to \n-0000ea90: 7472 7920 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6d6f 6465 try several mode\n-0000eaa0: 7320 696e 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 s in sequence. \n-0000eab0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 *Note gfxpayload\n-0000eac0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7065 6e64 ::... Depend\n-0000ead0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e ing on your kern\n-0000eae0: 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 el, your distrib\n-0000eaf0: 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 ution, your grap\n-0000eb00: 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 0a20 2020 2020 hics card,. \n-0000eb10: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 and the phase of\n-0000eb20: 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 the moon, note \n-0000eb30: 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 that using this \n-0000eb40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 option may cause\n-0000eb50: 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 . GNU/Linux \n-0000eb60: 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 to suffer from v\n-0000eb70: 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 arious display p\n-0000eb80: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 roblems, particu\n-0000eb90: 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e larly. durin\n-0000eba0: 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 7920 7061 7274 g the early part\n-0000ebb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 of the boot seq\n-0000ebc0: 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 uence. If you h\n-0000ebd0: 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c0a 2020 ave problems,. \n-0000ebe0: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 set this opti\n-0000ebf0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2061 6e64 on to 'text' and\n-0000ec00: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 GRUB will tell \n-0000ec10: 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e Linux to boot in\n-0000ec20: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 . normal tex\n-0000ec30: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 t mode...'GRUB_D\n-0000ec40: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n-0000ec50: 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 6772 7562 '. The 'grub\n-0000ec60: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2068 6173 2061 -mkconfig' has a\n-0000ec70: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7573 6520 feature to use \n-0000ec80: 7468 6520 6578 7465 726e 616c 2027 6f73 the external 'os\n-0000ec90: 2d70 726f 6265 7227 0a20 2020 2020 7072 -prober'. pr\n-0000eca0: 6f67 7261 6d20 746f 2064 6973 636f 7665 ogram to discove\n-0000ecb0: 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e r other operatin\n-0000ecc0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e 7374 616c g systems instal\n-0000ecd0: 6c65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a led on the same.\n-0000ece0: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2061 6e64 machine and\n-0000ecf0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6170 7072 6f70 generate approp\n-0000ed00: 7269 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 riate menu entri\n-0000ed10: 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 4974 es for them. It\n-0000ed20: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 is. disable\n-0000ed30: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 696e d by default sin\n-0000ed40: 6365 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2061 6e64 ce automatic and\n-0000ed50: 2073 696c 656e 7420 6578 6563 7574 696f silent executio\n-0000ed60: 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 276f 732d 7072 n of. 'os-pr\n-0000ed70: 6f62 6572 272c 2061 6e64 2063 7265 6174 ober', and creat\n-0000ed80: 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ing boot entries\n-0000ed90: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6174 2064 based on that d\n-0000eda0: 6174 612c 2069 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 ata, is a. p\n-0000edb0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2061 7474 6163 6b20 otential attack \n-0000edc0: 7665 6374 6f72 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6869 vector. Set thi\n-0000edd0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2766 616c s option to 'fal\n-0000ede0: 7365 2720 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 se' to enable th\n-0000edf0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 6520 is. feature \n-0000ee00: 696e 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 in the 'grub-mkc\n-0000ee10: 6f6e 6669 6727 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a onfig' command..\n-0000ee20: 0a27 4752 5542 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 .'GRUB_OS_PROBER\n-0000ee30: 5f53 4b49 505f 4c49 5354 270a 2020 2020 _SKIP_LIST'. \n-0000ee40: 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 List of space-s\n-0000ee50: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2046 5320 5555 4944 eparated FS UUID\n-0000ee60: 7320 6f66 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 s of filesystems\n-0000ee70: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2066 to be ignored f\n-0000ee80: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 206f 732d 7072 6f62 rom. os-prob\n-0000ee90: 6572 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 466f 7220 er output. For \n-0000eea0: 6566 6920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7273 efi chainloaders\n-0000eeb0: 2069 7427 7320 3c55 5549 443e 403c 4546 it's @..'GRUB_D\n-0000eed0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f53 5542 4d45 4e55 270a ISABLE_SUBMENU'.\n-0000eee0: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2027 Normally, '\n-0000eef0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 grub-mkconfig' w\n-0000ef00: 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 6f70 ill generate top\n-0000ef10: 206c 6576 656c 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 level menu entr\n-0000ef20: 7920 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b y for. the k\n-0000ef30: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 ernel with highe\n-0000ef40: 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 st version numbe\n-0000ef50: 7220 616e 6420 7075 7420 616c 6c20 6f74 r and put all ot\n-0000ef60: 6865 7220 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 206b her found. k\n-0000ef70: 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 7220 616c 7465 726e ernels or altern\n-0000ef80: 6174 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ative menu entri\n-0000ef90: 6573 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 es for recovery \n-0000efa0: 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e mode in submenu.\n-0000efb0: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 656e 7472 6965 . For entrie\n-0000efc0: 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 276f s returned by 'o\n-0000efd0: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2720 6669 7273 7420 s-prober' first \n-0000efe0: 656e 7472 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7075 entry will be pu\n-0000eff0: 7420 6f6e 2074 6f70 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 t on top. le\n-0000f000: 7665 6c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 vel and all othe\n-0000f010: 7273 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 rs in submenu. \n-0000f020: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000f030: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c s set to 'true',\n-0000f040: 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6174 206d 656e 7520 . flat menu \n-0000f050: 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2065 6e74 7269 6573 with all entries\n-0000f060: 206f 6e20 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 7769 on top level wi\n-0000f070: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n-0000f080: 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4368 instead.. Ch\n-0000f090: 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 anging this opti\n-0000f0a0: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7175 6972 6520 on will require \n-0000f0b0: 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2065 7869 7374 696e changing existin\n-0000f0c0: 6720 7661 6c75 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 g values of. \n-0000f0d0: 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 272c 'GRUB_DEFAULT',\n-0000f0e0: 2027 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2720 282a 6e6f 'fallback' (*no\n-0000f0f0: 7465 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a29 2061 te fallback::) a\n-0000f100: 6e64 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 2028 2a6e nd 'default' (*n\n-0000f110: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ote. default\n-0000f120: 3a3a 2920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ::) environment \n-0000f130: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6173 2077 656c variables as wel\n-0000f140: 6c20 6173 2073 6176 6564 2064 6566 6175 l as saved defau\n-0000f150: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 lt entry. us\n-0000f160: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 ing 'grub-set-de\n-0000f170: 6661 756c 7427 2061 6e64 2076 616c 7565 fault' and value\n-0000f180: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 used with 'grub\n-0000f190: 2d72 6562 6f6f 7427 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 -reboot'...'GRUB\n-0000f1a0: 5f45 4e41 424c 455f 4352 5950 544f 4449 _ENABLE_CRYPTODI\n-0000f1b0: 534b 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7365 7420 SK'. If set \n-0000f1c0: 746f 2027 7927 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b to 'y', 'grub-mk\n-0000f1d0: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 616e 6420 2767 7275 config' and 'gru\n-0000f1e0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 b-install' will \n-0000f1f0: 6368 6563 6b20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2065 check for. e\n-0000f200: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 ncrypted disks a\n-0000f210: 6e64 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6164 6469 nd generate addi\n-0000f220: 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 tional commands \n-0000f230: 6e65 6564 6564 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 needed to access\n-0000f240: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2064 7572 696e . them durin\n-0000f250: 6720 626f 6f74 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 g boot. Note th\n-0000f260: 6174 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 at in this case \n-0000f270: 756e 6174 7465 6e64 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 unattended boot \n-0000f280: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 is not. poss\n-0000f290: 6962 6c65 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 ible because GRU\n-0000f2a0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 B will wait for \n-0000f2b0: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2074 6f20 756e passphrase to un\n-0000f2c0: 6c6f 636b 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 0a20 lock encrypted. \n-0000f2d0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a container...\n-0000f2e0: 2747 5255 425f 494e 4954 5f54 554e 4527 'GRUB_INIT_TUNE'\n-0000f2f0: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e . Play a tun\n-0000f300: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 616b 6572 e on the speaker\n-0000f310: 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2073 7461 7274 when GRUB start\n-0000f320: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7061 7274 s. This is part\n-0000f330: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7573 icularly. us\n-0000f340: 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2075 eful for users u\n-0000f350: 6e61 626c 6520 746f 2073 6565 2074 6865 nable to see the\n-0000f360: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 screen. The va\n-0000f370: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 lue of this. \n-0000f380: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2070 6173 7365 option is passe\n-0000f390: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 2a6e d directly to *n\n-0000f3a0: 6f74 6520 706c 6179 3a3a 2e0a 0a27 4752 ote play::...'GR\n-0000f3b0: 5542 5f42 4144 5241 4d27 0a20 2020 2020 UB_BADRAM'. \n-0000f3c0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000f3d0: 7320 7365 742c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c s set, GRUB will\n-0000f3e0: 2069 7373 7565 2061 202a 6e6f 7465 2062 issue a *note b\n-0000f3f0: 6164 7261 6d3a 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 adram:: command \n-0000f400: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 206f to. filter o\n-0000f410: 7574 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 ut specified reg\n-0000f420: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2747 ions of RAM...'G\n-0000f430: 5255 425f 5052 454c 4f41 445f 4d4f 4455 RUB_PRELOAD_MODU\n-0000f440: 4c45 5327 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f LES'. This o\n-0000f450: 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 ption may be set\n-0000f460: 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4752 to a list of GR\n-0000f470: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 UB module names \n-0000f480: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 separated by. \n-0000f490: 2020 7370 6163 6573 2e20 2045 6163 6820 spaces. Each \n-0000f4a0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c module will be l\n-0000f4b0: 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2065 6172 6c79 2061 oaded as early a\n-0000f4c0: 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6174 2074 s possible, at t\n-0000f4d0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 7420 6f66 he. start of\n-0000f4e0: 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 272e 0a0a 2747 'grub.cfg'...'G\n-0000f4f0: 5255 425f 5245 434f 5244 4641 494c 5f54 RUB_RECORDFAIL_T\n-0000f500: 494d 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 IMEOUT'. If \n-0000f510: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n-0000f520: 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 et, it overrides\n-0000f530: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6563 the default rec\n-0000f540: 6f72 6466 6169 6c20 7365 7474 696e 672e ordfail setting.\n-0000f550: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 7474 696e 6720 . A setting \n-0000f560: 6f66 202d 3120 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 of -1 causes GRU\n-0000f570: 4220 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7573 B to wait for us\n-0000f580: 6572 2069 6e70 7574 2069 6e64 6566 696e er input indefin\n-0000f590: 6974 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 486f 7765 itely.. Howe\n-0000f5a0: 7665 722c 2061 2066 616c 7365 2070 6f73 ver, a false pos\n-0000f5b0: 6974 6976 6520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6563 itive in the rec\n-0000f5c0: 6f72 6466 6169 6c20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ordfail mechanis\n-0000f5d0: 6d20 6d61 7920 6f63 6375 7220 6966 0a20 m may occur if. \n-0000f5e0: 2020 2020 706f 7765 7220 6973 206c 6f73 power is los\n-0000f5f0: 7420 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 6265 t during boot be\n-0000f600: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 7375 6363 6573 fore boot succes\n-0000f610: 7320 6973 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e s is recorded in\n-0000f620: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6572 7370 6163 652e . userspace.\n-0000f630: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 The default se\n-0000f640: 7474 696e 6720 6973 2033 302c 2077 6869 tting is 30, whi\n-0000f650: 6368 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 ch causes GRUB t\n-0000f660: 6f20 7761 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 o wait. for \n-0000f670: 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 2074 user input for t\n-0000f680: 6869 7274 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 hirty seconds be\n-0000f690: 666f 7265 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 696e 672e fore continuing.\n-0000f6a0: 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 This default. \n-0000f6b0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7773 2069 6e74 6572 allows inter\n-0000f6c0: 6163 7469 7665 2075 7365 7273 2074 6865 active users the\n-0000f6d0: 206f 7070 6f72 7475 6e69 7479 2074 6f20 opportunity to \n-0000f6e0: 7377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 switch to a diff\n-0000f6f0: 6572 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b erent,. work\n-0000f700: 696e 6720 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 696c ing kernel, whil\n-0000f710: 6520 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2061 2066 616c e avoiding a fal\n-0000f720: 7365 2070 6f73 6974 6976 6520 6361 7573 se positive caus\n-0000f730: 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f0a ing the boot to.\n-0000f740: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 6e64 6566 block indef\n-0000f750: 696e 6974 656c 7920 6f6e 2068 6561 646c initely on headl\n-0000f760: 6573 7320 616e 6420 6170 706c 6961 6e63 ess and applianc\n-0000f770: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 7768 6572 6520 e systems where \n-0000f780: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 access. to a\n-0000f790: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7265 7374 console is rest\n-0000f7a0: 7269 6374 6564 206f 7220 6c69 6d69 7465 ricted or limite\n-0000f7b0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 d... This op\n-0000f7c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2065 6666 tion is only eff\n-0000f7d0: 6563 7469 7665 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 ective when GRUB\n-0000f7e0: 2077 6173 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 was configured \n-0000f7f0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 272d with the. '-\n-0000f800: 2d65 6e61 626c 652d 7175 6963 6b2d 626f -enable-quick-bo\n-0000f810: 6f74 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 4752 ot' option...'GR\n-0000f820: 5542 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 595f 5449 544c UB_RECOVERY_TITL\n-0000f830: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 E'. This opt\n-0000f840: 696f 6e20 7365 7473 2074 6865 2045 6e67 ion sets the Eng\n-0000f850: 6c69 7368 2074 6578 7420 6f66 2074 6865 lish text of the\n-0000f860: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7468 6174 2077 696c string that wil\n-0000f870: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 l be. displa\n-0000f880: 7965 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 yed in parenthes\n-0000f890: 6573 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 es to indicate t\n-0000f8a0: 6861 7420 6120 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f hat a boot optio\n-0000f8b0: 6e20 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 640a 2020 n is provided. \n-0000f8c0: 2020 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2075 7365 7273 to help users\n-0000f8d0: 2072 6563 6f76 6572 2061 2062 726f 6b65 recover a broke\n-0000f8e0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6865 2064 n system. The d\n-0000f8f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2272 6563 6f76 efault is \"recov\n-0000f900: 6572 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6522 2e0a ery. mode\"..\n-0000f910: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e . The followin\n-0000f920: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7374 g options are st\n-0000f930: 696c 6c20 6163 6365 7074 6564 2066 6f72 ill accepted for\n-0000f940: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n-0000f950: 6974 680a 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e ith.existing con\n-0000f960: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 figurations, but\n-0000f970: 2068 6176 6520 6265 7474 6572 2072 6570 have better rep\n-0000f980: 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 733a 0a0a 2747 5255 lacements:..'GRU\n-0000f990: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n-0000f9a0: 270a 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 7468 6973 '. Wait this\n-0000f9b0: 206d 616e 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 many seconds be\n-0000f9c0: 666f 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 fore displaying \n-0000f9d0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 the menu. If or. \n-0000f9f0: 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 are pressed, or\n-0000fa00: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 is held\n-0000fa10: 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 down during tha\n-0000fa20: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a t time, display.\n-0000fa30: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e the menu an\n-0000fa40: 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 d wait for input\n-0000fa50: 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 2747 according to 'G\n-0000fa60: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2e20 2049 RUB_TIMEOUT'. I\n-0000fa70: 6620 610a 2020 2020 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 f a. hotkey \n-0000fa80: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 associated with \n-0000fa90: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 a menu entry is \n-0000faa0: 7072 6573 7365 642c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 pressed, boot th\n-0000fab0: 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 0a20 2020 e associated. \n-0000fac0: 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d menu entry imm\n-0000fad0: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ediately. If th\n-0000fae0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 e timeout expire\n-0000faf0: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 s before either \n-0000fb00: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6573 6520 6861 of. these ha\n-0000fb10: 7070 656e 732c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 ppens, display t\n-0000fb20: 6865 206d 656e 7520 666f 7220 7468 6520 he menu for the \n-0000fb30: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n-0000fb40: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 s specified. \n-0000fb50: 2069 6e20 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 in 'GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000fb60: 5427 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e T' before bootin\n-0000fb70: 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e g the default en\n-0000fb80: 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f try... If yo\n-0000fb90: 7520 7365 7420 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 u set 'GRUB_HIDD\n-0000fba0: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2079 6f75 EN_TIMEOUT', you\n-0000fbb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2073 6574 should also set\n-0000fbc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 . 'GRUB_TIME\n-0000fbd0: 4f55 543d 3027 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2074 OUT=0' so that t\n-0000fbe0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 206e 6f74 2064 he menu is not d\n-0000fbf0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7420 616c 6c20 isplayed at all \n-0000fc00: 756e 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 3c45 5343 unless. or are pr\n-0000fc20: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or is held down..\n-0000fc40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n-0000fc50: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 n is unset by de\n-0000fc60: 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 fault, and is de\n-0000fc70: 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f precated in favo\n-0000fc80: 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c ur of the. l\n-0000fc90: 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 ess confusing 'G\n-0000fca0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0000fcb0: 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 206f 720a E=countdown' or.\n-0000fcc0: 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 'GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000fcd0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 6465 6e27 UT_STYLE=hidden'\n-0000fce0: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...'GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-0000fcf0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5155 4945 5427 0a20 TIMEOUT_QUIET'. \n-0000fd00: 2020 2020 496e 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 In conjuncti\n-0000fd10: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 2747 5255 425f 4849 on with 'GRUB_HI\n-0000fd20: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2073 DDEN_TIMEOUT', s\n-0000fd30: 6574 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7472 7565 et this to 'true\n-0000fd40: 2720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 ' to. suppre\n-0000fd50: 7373 2074 6865 2076 6572 626f 7365 2063 ss the verbose c\n-0000fd60: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2077 6869 6c65 2077 ountdown while w\n-0000fd70: 6169 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 206b 6579 aiting for a key\n-0000fd80: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6573 to be. pres\n-0000fd90: 7365 6420 6265 666f 7265 2064 6973 706c sed before displ\n-0000fda0: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e0a aying the menu..\n-0000fdb0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n-0000fdc0: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 n is unset by de\n-0000fdd0: 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 fault, and is de\n-0000fde0: 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f precated in favo\n-0000fdf0: 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c ur of the. l\n-0000fe00: 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 ess confusing 'G\n-0000fe10: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0000fe20: 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 2e0a 0a27 E=countdown'...'\n-0000fe30: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n-0000fe40: 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2020 2020 OUT_BUTTON'. \n-0000fe50: 2056 6172 6961 6e74 206f 6620 2747 5255 Variant of 'GRU\n-0000fe60: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n-0000fe70: 272c 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f ', used to suppo\n-0000fe80: 7274 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 rt vendor-specif\n-0000fe90: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7765 7220 6275 ic. power bu\n-0000fea0: 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5665 ttons. *Note Ve\n-0000feb0: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-0000fec0: 7973 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ys::... This\n-0000fed0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 option is unset\n-0000fee0: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 by default, and\n-0000fef0: 2069 7320 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 is deprecated i\n-0000ff00: 6e20 6661 766f 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a n favour of the.\n-0000ff10: 2020 2020 206c 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 less confus\n-0000ff20: 696e 6720 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ing 'GRUB_TIMEOU\n-0000ff30: 545f 5354 594c 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 T_STYLE=countdow\n-0000ff40: 6e27 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 n' or. 'GRUB\n-0000ff50: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 _TIMEOUT_STYLE=h\n-0000ff60: 6964 6465 6e27 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 idden'... For \n-0000ff70: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6375 more detailed cu\n-0000ff80: 7374 6f6d 6973 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 stomisation of '\n-0000ff90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2773 grub-mkconfig''s\n-0000ffa0: 206f 7574 7075 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 output, you may\n-0000ffb0: 0a65 6469 7420 7468 6520 7363 7269 7074 .edit the script\n-0000ffc0: 7320 696e 2027 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e s in '/etc/grub.\n-0000ffd0: 6427 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 272f d' directly. '/\n-0000ffe0: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n-0000fff0: 7374 6f6d 2720 6973 0a70 6172 7469 6375 stom' is.particu\n-00010000: 6c61 726c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 larly useful for\n-00010010: 2061 6464 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 2063 adding entire c\n-00010020: 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ustom menu entri\n-00010030: 6573 3b20 7369 6d70 6c79 2074 7970 650a es; simply type.\n-00010040: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 the menu entries\n-00010050: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2061 6464 you want to add\n-00010060: 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 at the end of t\n-00010070: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 hat file, making\n-00010080: 2073 7572 6520 746f 0a6c 6561 7665 2061 sure to.leave a\n-00010090: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 t least the firs\n-000100a0: 7420 7477 6f20 6c69 6e65 7320 696e 7461 t two lines inta\n-000100b0: 6374 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ct.....File: gru\n-000100c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 b.info, Node: R\n-000100d0: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-000100e0: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 204e n Heuristics, N\n-000100f0: 6578 743a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 ext: Shell-like \n-00010100: 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 scripting, Prev\n-00010110: 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 : Simple configu\n-00010120: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e ration, Up: Con\n-00010130: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3220 figuration..6.2 \n-00010140: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n-00010150: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 730a 3d3d on Heuristics.==\n+0000bd30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+0000bd40: 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ram 'grub-mkconf\n+0000bd50: 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ig' (*note Invok\n+0000bd60: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+0000bd70: 673a 3a29 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 0a27 g::) generates.'\n+0000bd80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6669 6c65 7320 grub.cfg' files \n+0000bd90: 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 suitable for mos\n+0000bda0: 7420 6361 7365 732e 2020 4974 2069 7320 t cases. It is \n+0000bdb0: 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 suitable for use\n+0000bdc0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7570 6772 6164 696e 6720 when.upgrading \n+0000bdd0: 6120 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 a distribution, \n+0000bde0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 636f 7665 and will discove\n+0000bdf0: 7220 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6b65 726e r available kern\n+0000be00: 656c 7320 616e 640a 6174 7465 6d70 7420 els and.attempt \n+0000be10: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 to generate menu\n+0000be20: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 entries for the\n+0000be30: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 m... 'grub-mkc\n+0000be40: 6f6e 6669 6727 2064 6f65 7320 6861 7665 onfig' does have\n+0000be50: 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e some limitation\n+0000be60: 732e 2020 5768 696c 6520 6164 6469 6e67 s. While adding\n+0000be70: 2065 7874 7261 0a63 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 extra.custom me\n+0000be80: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6f20 7468 nu entries to th\n+0000be90: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6973 e end of the lis\n+0000bea0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 t can be done by\n+0000beb0: 2065 6469 7469 6e67 0a27 2f65 7463 2f67 editing.'/etc/g\n+0000bec0: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6d27 rub.d/40_custom'\n+0000bed0: 206f 7220 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2027 2f62 or creating '/b\n+0000bee0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f63 7573 746f 6d2e oot/grub/custom.\n+0000bef0: 6366 6727 2c20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 0a74 cfg', changing.t\n+0000bf00: 6865 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 he order of menu\n+0000bf10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 7220 6368 616e entries or chan\n+0000bf20: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 6972 2074 6974 6c65 ging their title\n+0000bf30: 7320 6d61 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 6d61 s may require ma\n+0000bf40: 6b69 6e67 0a63 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6861 king.complex cha\n+0000bf50: 6e67 6573 2074 6f20 7368 656c 6c20 7363 nges to shell sc\n+0000bf60: 7269 7074 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 ripts stored in \n+0000bf70: 272f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f27 2e20 '/etc/grub.d/'. \n+0000bf80: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 0a69 6d70 This may be.imp\n+0000bf90: 726f 7665 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 roved in the fut\n+0000bfa0: 7572 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 206d 6561 ure. In the mea\n+0000bfb0: 6e74 696d 652c 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f ntime, those who\n+0000bfc0: 2066 6565 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f feel that it wo\n+0000bfd0: 756c 640a 6265 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f uld.be easier to\n+0000bfe0: 2077 7269 7465 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 write 'grub.cfg\n+0000bff0: 2720 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7265 2065 ' directly are e\n+0000c000: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 6420 746f 2064 6f20 ncouraged to do \n+0000c010: 736f 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 426f 6f74 696e so (*note.Bootin\n+0000c020: 673a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 g::, and *note S\n+0000c030: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+0000c040: 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2064 ing::), and to d\n+0000c050: 6973 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 2073 7973 7465 isable any syste\n+0000c060: 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 m.provided by th\n+0000c070: 6569 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e eir distribution\n+0000c080: 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c to automaticall\n+0000c090: 7920 7275 6e20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f y run 'grub-mkco\n+0000c0a0: 6e66 6967 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 nfig'... The f\n+0000c0b0: 696c 6520 272f 6574 632f 6465 6661 756c ile '/etc/defaul\n+0000c0c0: 742f 6772 7562 2720 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 t/grub' controls\n+0000c0d0: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 206f the operation o\n+0000c0e0: 660a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 f.'grub-mkconfig\n+0000c0f0: 272e 2020 4974 2069 7320 736f 7572 6365 '. It is source\n+0000c100: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 d by a shell scr\n+0000c110: 6970 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 ipt, and so must\n+0000c120: 2062 6520 7661 6c69 640a 504f 5349 5820 be valid.POSIX \n+0000c130: 7368 656c 6c20 696e 7075 743b 206e 6f72 shell input; nor\n+0000c140: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 206a mally, it will j\n+0000c150: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ust be a sequenc\n+0000c160: 6520 6f66 2027 4b45 593d 7661 6c75 6527 e of 'KEY=value'\n+0000c170: 0a6c 696e 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6966 2074 .lines, but if t\n+0000c180: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f6e 7461 696e he value contain\n+0000c190: 7320 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 6f74 6865 s spaces or othe\n+0000c1a0: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6368 6172 6163 r special charac\n+0000c1b0: 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e0a 6974 206d 7573 ters then.it mus\n+0000c1c0: 7420 6265 2071 756f 7465 642e 2020 466f t be quoted. Fo\n+0000c1d0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 r example:.. \n+0000c1e0: 2047 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 GRUB_TERMINAL_I\n+0000c1f0: 4e50 5554 3d22 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7365 NPUT=\"console se\n+0000c200: 7269 616c 220a 0a20 2020 5661 6c69 6420 rial\".. Valid \n+0000c210: 6b65 7973 2069 6e20 272f 6574 632f 6465 keys in '/etc/de\n+0000c220: 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2720 6172 6520 fault/grub' are \n+0000c230: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a27 4752 as follows:..'GR\n+0000c240: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 UB_DEFAULT'. \n+0000c250: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e The default men\n+0000c260: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d u entry. This m\n+0000c270: 6179 2062 6520 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 ay be a number, \n+0000c280: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 in which case it\n+0000c290: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 . identifies\n+0000c2a0: 2074 6865 204e 7468 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the Nth entry i\n+0000c2b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 n the generated \n+0000c2c0: 6d65 6e75 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f menu counted fro\n+0000c2d0: 6d20 7a65 726f 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 m zero,. or \n+0000c2e0: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2061 206d the title of a m\n+0000c2f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 206f 7220 7468 enu entry, or th\n+0000c300: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 e special string\n+0000c310: 2027 7361 7665 6427 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 'saved'. Using\n+0000c320: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6964 206d 6179 . the id may\n+0000c330: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 796f be useful if yo\n+0000c340: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0000c350: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2061 7320 7468 menu entry as th\n+0000c360: 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 e default. e\n+0000c370: 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7265 ven though there\n+0000c380: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 7661 7269 6162 may be a variab\n+0000c390: 6c65 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2065 6e74 le number of ent\n+0000c3a0: 7269 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6974 2e0a ries before it..\n+0000c3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n+0000c3c0: 652c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a e, if you have:.\n+0000c3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+0000c3e0: 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 'Example GNU/Lin\n+0000c3f0: 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 ux distribution'\n+0000c400: 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e --class gnu-lin\n+0000c410: 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d ux --id example-\n+0000c420: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 2020 2020 gnu-linux {. \n+0000c430: 2009 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ..... }.. \n+0000c440: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 then you can \n+0000c450: 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 make this the de\n+0000c460: 6661 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 fault using:.. \n+0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f44 4546 GRUB_DEF\n+0000c480: 4155 4c54 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 AULT=example-gnu\n+0000c490: 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 -linux.. Pre\n+0000c4a0: 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6974 2077 6173 2064 viously it was d\n+0000c4b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 7468 6520 7761 ocumented the wa\n+0000c4c0: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2065 6e74 7279 2074 y to use entry t\n+0000c4d0: 6974 6c65 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 0a20 2020 itle. While. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 7468 6973 2073 7469 6c6c 2077 6f72 this still wor\n+0000c4f0: 6b73 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f ks it's not reco\n+0000c500: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 7469 mmended since ti\n+0000c510: 746c 6573 206f 6674 656e 2063 6f6e 7461 tles often conta\n+0000c520: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7374 6162 6c65 in. unstable\n+0000c530: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 616e device names an\n+0000c540: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 d may be transla\n+0000c550: 7465 640a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ted.. If you\n+0000c560: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7361 set this to 'sa\n+0000c570: 7665 6427 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2064 ved', then the d\n+0000c580: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+0000c590: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 y will be. t\n+0000c5a0: 6861 7420 7361 7665 6420 6279 2027 4752 hat saved by 'GR\n+0000c5b0: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 2720 UB_SAVEDEFAULT' \n+0000c5c0: 6f72 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 or 'grub-set-def\n+0000c5d0: 6175 6c74 272e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 ault'. This. \n+0000c5e0: 2020 7265 6c69 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 relies on the \n+0000c5f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+0000c600: 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 206e 6f74 k, which may not\n+0000c610: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e be available in\n+0000c620: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 7475 6174 all. situat\n+0000c630: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+0000c640: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+0000c650: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n+0000c660: 756c 7420 6973 2027 3027 2e0a 0a27 4752 ult is '0'...'GR\n+0000c670: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 270a UB_SAVEDEFAULT'.\n+0000c680: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n+0000c690: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 ion is set to 't\n+0000c6a0: 7275 6527 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 7768 656e rue', then, when\n+0000c6b0: 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 656c an entry is sel\n+0000c6c0: 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 7361 7665 ected,. save\n+0000c6d0: 2069 7420 6173 2061 206e 6577 2064 6566 it as a new def\n+0000c6e0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2075 ault entry for u\n+0000c6f0: 7365 2062 7920 6675 7475 7265 2072 756e se by future run\n+0000c700: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6869 730a s of GRUB. This.\n+0000c710: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 is only use\n+0000c720: 6675 6c20 6966 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4546 ful if 'GRUB_DEF\n+0000c730: 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 273b 2069 7420 AULT=saved'; it \n+0000c740: 6973 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6f70 is a separate op\n+0000c750: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6361 7573 tion. becaus\n+0000c760: 6520 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d e 'GRUB_DEFAULT=\n+0000c770: 7361 7665 6427 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c saved' is useful\n+0000c780: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 without this op\n+0000c790: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 636f tion, in. co\n+0000c7a0: 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2027 njunction with '\n+0000c7b0: 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 grub-set-default\n+0000c7c0: 272e 2020 556e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 '. Unset by def\n+0000c7d0: 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 ault. This. \n+0000c7e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7265 6c69 6573 206f option relies o\n+0000c7f0: 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e n the environmen\n+0000c800: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d t block, which m\n+0000c810: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 ay not be availa\n+0000c820: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 ble. in all \n+0000c830: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 situations (*not\n+0000c840: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n+0000c850: 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 ock::)...'GRUB_T\n+0000c860: 494d 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f IMEOUT'. Boo\n+0000c870: 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e t the default en\n+0000c880: 7472 7920 7468 6973 206d 616e 7920 7365 try this many se\n+0000c890: 636f 6e64 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 conds after the \n+0000c8a0: 6d65 6e75 2069 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 menu is. dis\n+0000c8b0: 706c 6179 6564 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2061 played, unless a\n+0000c8c0: 206b 6579 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 642e key is pressed.\n+0000c8d0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+0000c8e0: 2027 3527 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 '5'. Set to. \n+0000c8f0: 2020 2027 3027 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 '0' to boot i\n+0000c900: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f mmediately witho\n+0000c910: 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 ut displaying th\n+0000c920: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 272d e menu, or to '-\n+0000c930: 3127 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2077 6169 7420 1' to. wait \n+0000c940: 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 indefinitely... \n+0000c950: 2020 2020 4966 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d If 'GRUB_TIM\n+0000c960: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 6973 2073 EOUT_STYLE' is s\n+0000c970: 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e et to 'countdown\n+0000c980: 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 ' or 'hidden', t\n+0000c990: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 he. timeout \n+0000c9a0: 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 is instead count\n+0000c9b0: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 6d65 ed before the me\n+0000c9c0: 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e nu is displayed.\n+0000c9d0: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ..'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000c9e0: 5354 594c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 STYLE'. If t\n+0000c9f0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n+0000ca00: 7365 7420 6f72 2073 6574 2074 6f20 276d set or set to 'm\n+0000ca10: 656e 7527 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 enu', then GRUB \n+0000ca20: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 will display. \n+0000ca30: 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 the menu and t\n+0000ca40: 6865 6e20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 6865 hen wait for the\n+0000ca50: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 7920 timeout set by \n+0000ca60: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2074 'GRUB_TIMEOUT' t\n+0000ca70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6520 6265 o. expire be\n+0000ca80: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n+0000ca90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 default entry. \n+0000caa0: 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 6120 6b65 7920 Pressing a key \n+0000cab0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 0a20 2020 2020 interrupts. \n+0000cac0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 742e 0a0a 2020 the timeout... \n+0000cad0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000cae0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 n is set to 'cou\n+0000caf0: 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 ntdown' or 'hidd\n+0000cb00: 656e 272c 2074 6865 6e2c 2062 6566 6f72 en', then, befor\n+0000cb10: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e e. displayin\n+0000cb20: 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 g the menu, GRUB\n+0000cb30: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 will wait for t\n+0000cb40: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 he timeout set b\n+0000cb50: 790a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d y. 'GRUB_TIM\n+0000cb60: 454f 5554 2720 746f 2065 7870 6972 652e EOUT' to expire.\n+0000cb70: 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 If or are pressed, \n+0000cb90: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 0a20 2020 2020 or . \n+0000cba0: 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 is held down dur\n+0000cbb0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c 2069 ing that time, i\n+0000cbc0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+0000cbd0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7761 6974 he menu and wait\n+0000cbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 696e 7075 742e . for input.\n+0000cbf0: 2020 4966 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 If a hotkey as\n+0000cc00: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 sociated with a \n+0000cc10: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 menu entry is pr\n+0000cc20: 6573 7365 642c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 essed, it. w\n+0000cc30: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 ill boot the ass\n+0000cc40: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ociated menu ent\n+0000cc50: 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 ry immediately. \n+0000cc60: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 740a If the timeout.\n+0000cc70: 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 expires bef\n+0000cc80: 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 ore either of th\n+0000cc90: 6573 6520 6861 7070 656e 732c 2069 7420 ese happens, it \n+0000cca0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 will boot the de\n+0000ccb0: 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 fault. entry\n+0000ccc0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 2763 6f75 6e74 . In the 'count\n+0000ccd0: 646f 776e 2720 6361 7365 2c20 6974 2077 down' case, it w\n+0000cce0: 696c 6c20 7368 6f77 2061 206f 6e65 2d6c ill show a one-l\n+0000ccf0: 696e 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 0a20 ine indication. \n+0000cd00: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 of the remai\n+0000cd10: 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 ning time...'GRU\n+0000cd20: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n+0000cd30: 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f '.'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000cd40: 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 BUTTON'.'GRUB_TI\n+0000cd50: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0000cd60: 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e ON'.'GRUB_BUTTON\n+0000cd70: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 0a20 _CMOS_ADDRESS'. \n+0000cd80: 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7473 206f 6620 Variants of \n+0000cd90: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n+0000cda0: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 g variables with\n+0000cdb0: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e out the '_BUTTON\n+0000cdc0: 270a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 782c 2075 '. suffix, u\n+0000cdd0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 sed to support v\n+0000cde0: 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 endor-specific p\n+0000cdf0: 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a ower buttons. *\n+0000ce00: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5665 6e64 6f72 Note. Vendor\n+0000ce10: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 3a3a power-on keys::\n+0000ce20: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 5452 4942 ...'GRUB_DISTRIB\n+0000ce30: 5554 4f52 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 UTOR'. Set b\n+0000ce40: 7920 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 206f y distributors o\n+0000ce50: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 f GRUB to their \n+0000ce60: 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 identifying name\n+0000ce70: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n+0000ce80: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 used to generate\n+0000ce90: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 more informativ\n+0000cea0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6974 e menu entry tit\n+0000ceb0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5445 524d les...'GRUB_TERM\n+0000cec0: 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 270a 2020 2020 INAL_INPUT'. \n+0000ced0: 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7465 726d Select the term\n+0000cee0: 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2064 6576 6963 inal input devic\n+0000cef0: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 e. You may sele\n+0000cf00: 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 ct multiple devi\n+0000cf10: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 ces. here, s\n+0000cf20: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+0000cf30: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 es... Valid \n+0000cf40: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 206e terminal input n\n+0000cf50: 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 ames depend on t\n+0000cf60: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 he platform, but\n+0000cf70: 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 may include. \n+0000cf80: 2020 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 2720 286e 6174 'console' (nat\n+0000cf90: 6976 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2063 6f6e ive platform con\n+0000cfa0: 736f 6c65 292c 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 sole), 'serial' \n+0000cfb0: 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c (serial terminal\n+0000cfc0: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 2773 6572 6961 6c5f ),. 'serial_\n+0000cfd0: 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 ' (serial \n+0000cfe0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 6974 6820 6578 terminal with ex\n+0000cff0: 706c 6963 6974 2070 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 plicit port sele\n+0000d000: 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 6174 ction),. 'at\n+0000d010: 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 5043 2041 _keyboard' (PC A\n+0000d020: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 292c 206f 7220 T keyboard), or \n+0000d030: 2775 7362 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 'usb_keyboard' (\n+0000d040: 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a20 2020 USB keyboard. \n+0000d050: 2020 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4849 4420 using the HID \n+0000d060: 426f 6f74 2050 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2066 Boot Protocol, f\n+0000d070: 6f72 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 or cases where t\n+0000d080: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 he firmware does\n+0000d090: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e64 6c65 not. handle\n+0000d0a0: 2074 6869 7329 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 this)... Th\n+0000d0b0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f20 e default is to \n+0000d0c0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d use the platform\n+0000d0d0: 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 's native termin\n+0000d0e0: 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 al input...'GRUB\n+0000d0f0: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 _TERMINAL_OUTPUT\n+0000d100: 270a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 '. Select th\n+0000d110: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 e terminal outpu\n+0000d120: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d t device. You m\n+0000d130: 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 ay select multip\n+0000d140: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 le devices. \n+0000d150: 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 here, separated \n+0000d160: 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by spaces... \n+0000d170: 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Valid terminal \n+0000d180: 6f75 7470 7574 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 output names dep\n+0000d190: 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 end on the platf\n+0000d1a0: 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2069 6e63 orm, but may inc\n+0000d1b0: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2763 6f6e 736f lude. 'conso\n+0000d1c0: 6c65 2720 286e 6174 6976 6520 706c 6174 le' (native plat\n+0000d1d0: 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292c 2027 form console), '\n+0000d1e0: 7365 7269 616c 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 serial' (serial \n+0000d1f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 292c 0a20 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d200: 2773 6572 6961 6c5f 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 'serial_' \n+0000d210: 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c (serial terminal\n+0000d220: 2077 6974 6820 6578 706c 6963 6974 2070 with explicit p\n+0000d230: 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a ort selection),.\n+0000d240: 2020 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2028 'gfxterm' (\n+0000d250: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2d6d 6f64 6520 6f75 graphics-mode ou\n+0000d260: 7470 7574 292c 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 tput), 'vga_text\n+0000d270: 2720 2856 4741 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 ' (VGA text outp\n+0000d280: 7574 292c 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6461 5f74 ut),. 'mda_t\n+0000d290: 6578 7427 2028 4d44 4120 7465 7874 206f ext' (MDA text o\n+0000d2a0: 7574 7075 7429 2c20 276d 6f72 7365 2720 utput), 'morse' \n+0000d2b0: 284d 6f72 7365 2d63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 (Morse-coding us\n+0000d2c0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ing system. \n+0000d2d0: 6265 6570 6572 2920 6f72 2027 7370 6b6d beeper) or 'spkm\n+0000d2e0: 6f64 656d 2720 2873 696d 706c 6520 6461 odem' (simple da\n+0000d2f0: 7461 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 7573 696e ta protocol usin\n+0000d300: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2073 7065 616b 6572 g system speaker\n+0000d310: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7370 6b6d 6f64 )... 'spkmod\n+0000d320: 656d 2720 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 em' is useful wh\n+0000d330: 656e 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 en no serial por\n+0000d340: 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 t is available. \n+0000d350: 2043 6f6e 6e65 6374 2074 6865 0a20 2020 Connect the. \n+0000d360: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 7365 6e64 output of send\n+0000d370: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2028 7768 6572 ing system (wher\n+0000d380: 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 7275 6e6e 696e e GRUB is runnin\n+0000d390: 6729 2074 6f20 6c69 6e65 2d69 6e20 6f66 g) to line-in of\n+0000d3a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6365 6976 696e 6720 . receiving \n+0000d3b0: 7379 7374 656d 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 system (usually \n+0000d3c0: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6d61 6368 696e developer machin\n+0000d3d0: 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 7265 6365 6976 696e e). On receivin\n+0000d3e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 636f g system. co\n+0000d3f0: 6d70 696c 6520 2773 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d mpile 'spkmodem-\n+0000d400: 7265 6376 2720 6672 6f6d 2027 7574 696c recv' from 'util\n+0000d410: 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 2e63 /spkmodem-recv.c\n+0000d420: 2720 616e 6420 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 ' and run:.. \n+0000d430: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7265 636f 7264 202d parecord -\n+0000d440: 2d63 6861 6e6e 656c 733d 3120 2d2d 7261 -channels=1 --ra\n+0000d450: 7465 3d34 3830 3030 202d 2d66 6f72 6d61 te=48000 --forma\n+0000d460: 743d 7331 366c 6520 7c20 2e2f 7370 6b6d t=s16le | ./spkm\n+0000d470: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 760a 0a20 2020 2020 odem-recv.. \n+0000d480: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n+0000d490: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f o use the platfo\n+0000d4a0: 726d 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d rm's native term\n+0000d4b0: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2747 inal output...'G\n+0000d4c0: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 270a 2020 RUB_TERMINAL'. \n+0000d4d0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000d4e0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 n is set, it ove\n+0000d4f0: 7272 6964 6573 2062 6f74 6820 2747 5255 rrides both 'GRU\n+0000d500: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 B_TERMINAL_INPUT\n+0000d510: 2720 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 ' and. 'GRUB\n+0000d520: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 _TERMINAL_OUTPUT\n+0000d530: 2720 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7661 ' to the same va\n+0000d540: 6c75 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5345 5249 lue...'GRUB_SERI\n+0000d550: 414c 5f43 4f4d 4d41 4e44 270a 2020 2020 AL_COMMAND'. \n+0000d560: 2041 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 636f A command to co\n+0000d570: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 nfigure the seri\n+0000d580: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 7768 656e 2075 7369 al port when usi\n+0000d590: 6e67 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 ng the serial. \n+0000d5a0: 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f console. *No\n+0000d5b0: 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a2e 2020 4465 te serial::. De\n+0000d5c0: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2773 6572 6961 faults to 'seria\n+0000d5d0: 6c27 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 l'...'GRUB_CMDLI\n+0000d5e0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 270a 2020 2020 2043 NE_LINUX'. C\n+0000d5f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 ommand-line argu\n+0000d600: 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 2061 6464 2074 6f20 ments to add to \n+0000d610: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 menu entries for\n+0000d620: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n+0000d630: 6c2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e l...'GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000d640: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 4445 4641 554c 5427 E_LINUX_DEFAULT'\n+0000d650: 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2027 4752 . Unless 'GR\n+0000d660: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000d670: 4552 5927 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 ERY' is set to '\n+0000d680: 7472 7565 272c 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 true', two menu \n+0000d690: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c entries. wil\n+0000d6a0: 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 l be generated f\n+0000d6b0: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 or each Linux ke\n+0000d6c0: 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c rnel: one defaul\n+0000d6d0: 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a t entry and one.\n+0000d6e0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 entry for r\n+0000d6f0: 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 ecovery mode. T\n+0000d700: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 his option lists\n+0000d710: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 command-line ar\n+0000d720: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 guments. to \n+0000d730: 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 add only to the \n+0000d740: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n+0000d750: 7279 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6f73 6520 ry, after those \n+0000d760: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 listed in. '\n+0000d770: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000d780: 5558 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c UX'...'GRUB_CMDL\n+0000d790: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 270a 2747 5255 INE_NETBSD'.'GRU\n+0000d7a0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n+0000d7b0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2041 _DEFAULT'. A\n+0000d7c0: 7320 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f s 'GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000d7d0: 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 4752 5542 LINUX' and 'GRUB\n+0000d7e0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n+0000d7f0: 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 EFAULT', but for\n+0000d800: 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0a27 . NetBSD...'\n+0000d810: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 GRUB_CMDLINE_GNU\n+0000d820: 4d41 4348 270a 2020 2020 2041 7320 2747 MACH'. As 'G\n+0000d830: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n+0000d840: 5827 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 X', but for GNU \n+0000d850: 4d61 6368 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 Mach...'GRUB_CMD\n+0000d860: 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e 270a 2747 5255 425f LINE_XEN'.'GRUB_\n+0000d870: 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 CMDLINE_XEN_DEFA\n+0000d880: 554c 5427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 ULT'. The va\n+0000d890: 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 lues of these op\n+0000d8a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 tions are passed\n+0000d8b0: 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 to Xen hypervis\n+0000d8c0: 6f72 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 or Xen menu. \n+0000d8d0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c entries, for al\n+0000d8e0: 6c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e l respectively n\n+0000d8f0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a ormal entries...\n+0000d900: 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n+0000d910: 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 4527 NUX_XEN_REPLACE'\n+0000d920: 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c .'GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000d930: 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 INUX_XEN_REPLACE\n+0000d940: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2054 _DEFAULT'. T\n+0000d950: 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 he values of the\n+0000d960: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 se options repla\n+0000d970: 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 ce the values of\n+0000d980: 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c . 'GRUB_CMDL\n+0000d990: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 INE_LINUX' and '\n+0000d9a0: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000d9b0: 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 2720 666f 7220 UX_DEFAULT' for \n+0000d9c0: 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 Linux and. X\n+0000d9d0: 656e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e en menu entries.\n+0000d9e0: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e ..'GRUB_EARLY_IN\n+0000d9f0: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f43 5553 544f ITRD_LINUX_CUSTO\n+0000da00: 4d27 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 M'.'GRUB_EARLY_I\n+0000da10: 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 NITRD_LINUX_STOC\n+0000da20: 4b27 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 K'. List of \n+0000da30: 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 space-separated \n+0000da40: 6561 726c 7920 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 early initrd ima\n+0000da50: 6765 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ges to be loaded\n+0000da60: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f from. '/boo\n+0000da70: 7427 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2066 6f72 t'. This is for\n+0000da80: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6869 6e67 7320 loading things \n+0000da90: 6c69 6b65 2043 5055 206d 6963 726f 636f like CPU microco\n+0000daa0: 6465 2c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c0a 2020 de, firmware,. \n+0000dab0: 2020 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 2c20 ACPI tables, \n+0000dac0: 6372 7970 746f 206b 6579 732c 2061 6e64 crypto keys, and\n+0000dad0: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2065 so on. These e\n+0000dae0: 6172 6c79 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7769 6c6c arly images will\n+0000daf0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 be. loaded \n+0000db00: 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2064 6563 in the order dec\n+0000db10: 6c61 7265 642c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2077 lared, and all w\n+0000db20: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6265 ill be loaded be\n+0000db30: 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6163 fore the. ac\n+0000db40: 7475 616c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 tual functional \n+0000db50: 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 initrd image... \n+0000db60: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 'GRUB_EARLY_\n+0000db70: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f INITRD_LINUX_STO\n+0000db80: 434b 2720 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 CK' is for your \n+0000db90: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 distribution to \n+0000dba0: 6465 636c 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 declare. ima\n+0000dbb0: 6765 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2070 726f ges that are pro\n+0000dbc0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2064 6973 vided by the dis\n+0000dbd0: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 2073 tribution. It s\n+0000dbe0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hould not be. \n+0000dbf0: 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2077 6974 686f modified witho\n+0000dc00: 7574 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6469 6e67 ut understanding\n+0000dc10: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7365 7175 656e 6365 the consequence\n+0000dc20: 732e 2020 5468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 s. They will be\n+0000dc30: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6972 . loaded fir\n+0000dc40: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f st... 'GRUB_\n+0000dc50: 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e EARLY_INITRD_LIN\n+0000dc60: 5558 5f43 5553 544f 4d27 2069 7320 666f UX_CUSTOM' is fo\n+0000dc70: 7220 796f 7572 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6372 r your custom cr\n+0000dc80: 6561 7465 6420 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a20 eated images... \n+0000dc90: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n+0000dca0: 7374 6f63 6b20 696d 6167 6573 2061 7265 stock images are\n+0000dcb0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 732c 2074 686f as follows, tho\n+0000dcc0: 7567 6820 7468 6579 206d 6179 2062 650a ugh they may be.\n+0000dcd0: 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6465 6e20 overridden \n+0000dce0: 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 by your distribu\n+0000dcf0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:. \n+0000dd00: 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 2e69 6d67 2069 6e74 intel-uc.img int\n+0000dd10: 656c 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 el-ucode.img amd\n+0000dd20: 2d75 632e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 6f64 -uc.img amd-ucod\n+0000dd30: 652e 696d 6720 6561 726c 795f 7563 6f64 e.img early_ucod\n+0000dd40: 652e 6370 696f 206d 6963 726f 636f 6465 e.cpio microcode\n+0000dd50: 2e63 7069 6f0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 .cpio..'GRUB_DIS\n+0000dd60: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 4427 ABLE_LINUX_UUID'\n+0000dd70: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 . Normally, \n+0000dd80: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n+0000dd90: 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 will generate me\n+0000dda0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 nu entries that \n+0000ddb0: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 use. univers\n+0000ddc0: 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e ally-unique iden\n+0000ddd0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 tifiers (UUIDs) \n+0000dde0: 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 to identify the \n+0000ddf0: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 root. filesy\n+0000de00: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 stem to the Linu\n+0000de10: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7573 696e 6720 x kernel, using \n+0000de20: 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e a 'root=UUID=...\n+0000de30: 2720 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 ' kernel. pa\n+0000de40: 7261 6d65 7465 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 rameter. This i\n+0000de50: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 s usually more r\n+0000de60: 656c 6961 626c 652c 2062 7574 2069 6e20 eliable, but in \n+0000de70: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 some cases it ma\n+0000de80: 790a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6170 y. not be ap\n+0000de90: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f 2064 propriate. To d\n+0000dea0: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f isable the use o\n+0000deb0: 6620 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 f UUIDs, set thi\n+0000dec0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f s option. to\n+0000ded0: 2027 7472 7565 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 'true'...'GRUB_\n+0000dee0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n+0000def0: 5254 5555 4944 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 RTUUID'. If \n+0000df00: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n+0000df10: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 cannot identify \n+0000df20: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 the root filesys\n+0000df30: 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6974 730a 2020 2020 tem via its. \n+0000df40: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 universally-uni\n+0000df50: 7175 6520 696e 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 que indentifier \n+0000df60: 2855 5549 4429 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b (UUID), 'grub-mk\n+0000df70: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 6361 6e20 7573 6520 config' can use \n+0000df80: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2055 5549 4420 6f66 the. UUID of\n+0000df90: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 the partition c\n+0000dfa0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 ontaining the fi\n+0000dfb0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6964 656e lesystem to iden\n+0000dfc0: 7469 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 726f tify the. ro\n+0000dfd0: 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f ot filesystem to\n+0000dfe0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n+0000dff0: 6c20 7669 6120 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 l via a 'root=PA\n+0000e000: 5254 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e 270a 2020 2020 RTUUID=...'. \n+0000e010: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 kernel paramete\n+0000e020: 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 r. This is not \n+0000e030: 6173 2072 656c 6961 626c 6520 6173 2075 as reliable as u\n+0000e040: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 sing the filesys\n+0000e050: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 442c 2062 tem. UUID, b\n+0000e060: 7574 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 ut is more relia\n+0000e070: 626c 6520 7468 616e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ble than using t\n+0000e080: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 he Linux device \n+0000e090: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 5768 656e 0a20 2020 names. When. \n+0000e0a0: 2020 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 'GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000e0b0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 LINUX_PARTUUID' \n+0000e0c0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 is set to 'false\n+0000e0d0: 272c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ', the Linux ker\n+0000e0e0: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e nel. version\n+0000e0f0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2032 2e36 2e33 3720 must be 2.6.37 \n+0000e100: 2833 2e31 3020 666f 7220 7379 7374 656d (3.10 for system\n+0000e110: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4d53 444f s using the MSDO\n+0000e120: 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 S partition. \n+0000e130: 2073 6368 656d 6529 206f 7220 6e65 7765 scheme) or newe\n+0000e140: 722e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 r. This option \n+0000e150: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2774 7275 defaults to 'tru\n+0000e160: 6527 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 e'. To enable t\n+0000e170: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 6f66 2070 he. use of p\n+0000e180: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4473 2c20 artition UUIDs, \n+0000e190: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 set this option \n+0000e1a0: 746f 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 to 'false'...'GR\n+0000e1b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000e1c0: 4552 5927 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 ERY'. If thi\n+0000e1d0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0000e1e0: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2064 6973 6162 to 'true', disab\n+0000e1f0: 6c65 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f le the generatio\n+0000e200: 6e20 6f66 2072 6563 6f76 6572 790a 2020 n of recovery. \n+0000e210: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 mode menu ent\n+0000e220: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ries...'GRUB_DIS\n+0000e230: 4142 4c45 5f55 5549 4427 0a20 2020 2020 ABLE_UUID'. \n+0000e240: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 2767 7275 622d Normally, 'grub-\n+0000e250: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7769 6c6c 2067 mkconfig' will g\n+0000e260: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 enerate menu ent\n+0000e270: 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 7573 650a 2020 ries that use. \n+0000e280: 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 universally-u\n+0000e290: 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nique identifier\n+0000e2a0: 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 746f 2069 6465 s (UUIDs) to ide\n+0000e2b0: 6e74 6966 7920 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 ntify various. \n+0000e2c0: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 filesystems t\n+0000e2d0: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 2066 696c o search for fil\n+0000e2e0: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 es. This is usu\n+0000e2f0: 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 ally more reliab\n+0000e300: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 6e20 le,. but in \n+0000e310: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 some cases it ma\n+0000e320: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 y not be appropr\n+0000e330: 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c iate. To disabl\n+0000e340: 6520 7468 6973 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 e this use. \n+0000e350: 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 of UUIDs, set th\n+0000e360: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 7472 is option to 'tr\n+0000e370: 7565 272e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ue'. Setting th\n+0000e380: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 is option to. \n+0000e390: 2020 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7769 6c6c 2061 'true', will a\n+0000e3a0: 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6f70 7469 lso set the opti\n+0000e3b0: 6f6e 7320 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c ons 'GRUB_DISABL\n+0000e3c0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2720 616e E_LINUX_UUID' an\n+0000e3d0: 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4953 d. 'GRUB_DIS\n+0000e3e0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n+0000e3f0: 5549 4427 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 UID' to 'true', \n+0000e400: 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 7920 6861 7665 unless they have\n+0000e410: 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c69 been. expli\n+0000e420: 6369 6c74 7920 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 cilty set to 'fa\n+0000e430: 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f56 4944 lse'...'GRUB_VID\n+0000e440: 454f 5f42 4143 4b45 4e44 270a 2020 2020 EO_BACKEND'. \n+0000e450: 2049 6620 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7669 If graphical vi\n+0000e460: 6465 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2072 deo support is r\n+0000e470: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2065 6974 6865 7220 equired, either \n+0000e480: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 because the. \n+0000e490: 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 7068 'gfxterm' graph\n+0000e4a0: 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 ical terminal is\n+0000e4b0: 2069 6e20 7573 6520 6f72 2062 6563 6175 in use or becau\n+0000e4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4746 se. 'GRUB_GF\n+0000e4d0: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 2720 XPAYLOAD_LINUX' \n+0000e4e0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2027 6772 is set, then 'gr\n+0000e4f0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c ub-mkconfig' wil\n+0000e500: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 l normally. \n+0000e510: 6c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 load all availab\n+0000e520: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7669 6465 6f20 6472 le GRUB video dr\n+0000e530: 6976 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 6520 7468 ivers and use th\n+0000e540: 6520 6f6e 6520 6d6f 7374 0a20 2020 2020 e one most. \n+0000e550: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 appropriate for \n+0000e560: 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 your hardware. \n+0000e570: 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206f If you need to o\n+0000e580: 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 verride this for\n+0000e590: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f . some reaso\n+0000e5a0: 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 n, then you can \n+0000e5b0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e set this option.\n+0000e5c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6674 6572 2027 6772 .. After 'gr\n+0000e5d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 6861 7320 ub-install' has \n+0000e5e0: 6265 656e 2072 756e 2c20 7468 6520 6176 been run, the av\n+0000e5f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6472 ailable video dr\n+0000e600: 6976 6572 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 206c ivers are. l\n+0000e610: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f isted in '/boot/\n+0000e620: 6772 7562 2f76 6964 656f 2e6c 7374 272e grub/video.lst'.\n+0000e630: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 ..'GRUB_GFXMODE'\n+0000e640: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 7265 . Set the re\n+0000e650: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e solution used on\n+0000e660: 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 the 'gfxterm' g\n+0000e670: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n+0000e680: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 l. Note. th\n+0000e690: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 at you can only \n+0000e6a0: 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 use modes which \n+0000e6b0: 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your graphics ca\n+0000e6c0: 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 610a rd supports via.\n+0000e6d0: 2020 2020 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 VESA BIOS E\n+0000e6e0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c xtensions (VBE),\n+0000e6f0: 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 so for example \n+0000e700: 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c native LCD panel\n+0000e710: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e . resolution\n+0000e720: 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 s may not be ava\n+0000e730: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ilable. The def\n+0000e740: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2761 7574 6f27 2c20 ault is 'auto', \n+0000e750: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2074 7269 6573 which. tries\n+0000e760: 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 2070 7265 to select a pre\n+0000e770: 6665 7272 6564 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f ferred resolutio\n+0000e780: 6e2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 n. *Note gfxmod\n+0000e790: 653a 3a2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4241 434b e::...'GRUB_BACK\n+0000e7a0: 4752 4f55 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 GROUND'. Set\n+0000e7b0: 2061 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d a background im\n+0000e7c0: 6167 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 age for use with\n+0000e7d0: 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 the 'gfxterm' g\n+0000e7e0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7465 raphical. te\n+0000e7f0: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c rminal. The val\n+0000e800: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f ue of this optio\n+0000e810: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6669 6c65 n must be a file\n+0000e820: 2072 6561 6461 626c 6520 6279 2047 5255 readable by GRU\n+0000e830: 420a 2020 2020 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 B. at boot t\n+0000e840: 696d 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d75 7374 ime, and it must\n+0000e850: 2065 6e64 2077 6974 6820 272e 706e 6727 end with '.png'\n+0000e860: 2c20 272e 7467 6127 2c20 272e 6a70 6727 , '.tga', '.jpg'\n+0000e870: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 272e 6a70 6567 , or. '.jpeg\n+0000e880: 272e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7769 '. The image wi\n+0000e890: 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6620 ll be scaled if \n+0000e8a0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2066 6974 necessary to fit\n+0000e8b0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a20 2020 the screen.. \n+0000e8c0: 2020 496d 6167 6520 6865 6967 6874 2061 Image height a\n+0000e8d0: 6e64 2077 6964 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nd width will be\n+0000e8e0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6279 2061 restricted by a\n+0000e8f0: 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 206c 696d n artificial lim\n+0000e900: 6974 206f 660a 2020 2020 2031 3633 3834 it of. 16384\n+0000e910: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 270a ...'GRUB_THEME'.\n+0000e920: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2074 6865 6d65 Set a theme\n+0000e930: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 for use with th\n+0000e940: 6520 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 e 'gfxterm' grap\n+0000e950: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a hical terminal..\n+0000e960: 0a27 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 .'GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n+0000e970: 445f 4c49 4e55 5827 0a20 2020 2020 5365 D_LINUX'. Se\n+0000e980: 7420 746f 2027 7465 7874 2720 746f 2066 t to 'text' to f\n+0000e990: 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b orce the Linux k\n+0000e9a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e ernel to boot in\n+0000e9b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a20 2020 normal text. \n+0000e9c0: 2020 6d6f 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 mode, 'keep' t\n+0000e9d0: 6f20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 o preserve the g\n+0000e9e0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 raphics mode set\n+0000e9f0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 using. 'GRU\n+0000ea00: 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 2c20 2757 4944 B_GFXMODE', 'WID\n+0000ea10: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5427 5b27 7844 4550 THxHEIGHT'['xDEP\n+0000ea20: 5448 275d 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 TH'] to set a pa\n+0000ea30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6772 rticular. gr\n+0000ea40: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 652c 206f 7220 aphics mode, or \n+0000ea50: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 7468 a sequence of th\n+0000ea60: 6573 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ese separated by\n+0000ea70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 commas or. \n+0000ea80: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2074 6f20 7472 semicolons to tr\n+0000ea90: 7920 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6d6f 6465 7320 y several modes \n+0000eaa0: 696e 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 2a4e in sequence. *N\n+0000eab0: 6f74 6520 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a ote gfxpayload::\n+0000eac0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e ... Dependin\n+0000ead0: 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c g on your kernel\n+0000eae0: 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 , your distribut\n+0000eaf0: 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 ion, your graphi\n+0000eb00: 6373 2063 6172 642c 0a20 2020 2020 616e cs card,. an\n+0000eb10: 6420 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 d the phase of t\n+0000eb20: 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 he moon, note th\n+0000eb30: 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 at using this op\n+0000eb40: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 tion may cause. \n+0000eb50: 2020 2020 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 746f GNU/Linux to\n+0000eb60: 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 suffer from var\n+0000eb70: 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f ious display pro\n+0000eb80: 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 blems, particula\n+0000eb90: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 rly. during \n+0000eba0: 7468 6520 6561 726c 7920 7061 7274 206f the early part o\n+0000ebb0: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 f the boot seque\n+0000ebc0: 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 nce. If you hav\n+0000ebd0: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c0a 2020 2020 e problems,. \n+0000ebe0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ebf0: 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 to 'text' and G\n+0000ec00: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 RUB will tell Li\n+0000ec10: 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 0a20 nux to boot in. \n+0000ec20: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 normal text \n+0000ec30: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 mode...'GRUB_DIS\n+0000ec40: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 270a ABLE_OS_PROBER'.\n+0000ec50: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d The 'grub-m\n+0000ec60: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2068 6173 2061 2066 kconfig' has a f\n+0000ec70: 6561 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 eature to use th\n+0000ec80: 6520 6578 7465 726e 616c 2027 6f73 2d70 e external 'os-p\n+0000ec90: 726f 6265 7227 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 rober'. prog\n+0000eca0: 7261 6d20 746f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 ram to discover \n+0000ecb0: 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 other operating \n+0000ecc0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 systems installe\n+0000ecd0: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a 2020 d on the same. \n+0000ece0: 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2061 6e64 2067 machine and g\n+0000ecf0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 enerate appropri\n+0000ed00: 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ate menu entries\n+0000ed10: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 4974 2069 for them. It i\n+0000ed20: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 s. disabled \n+0000ed30: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 696e 6365 by default since\n+0000ed40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2061 6e64 2073 automatic and s\n+0000ed50: 696c 656e 7420 6578 6563 7574 696f 6e20 ilent execution \n+0000ed60: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 276f 732d 7072 6f62 of. 'os-prob\n+0000ed70: 6572 272c 2061 6e64 2063 7265 6174 696e er', and creatin\n+0000ed80: 6720 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 g boot entries b\n+0000ed90: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6174 2064 6174 ased on that dat\n+0000eda0: 612c 2069 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 a, is a. pot\n+0000edb0: 656e 7469 616c 2061 7474 6163 6b20 7665 ential attack ve\n+0000edc0: 6374 6f72 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6869 7320 ctor. Set this \n+0000edd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 option to 'false\n+0000ede0: 2720 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 6973 ' to enable this\n+0000edf0: 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 6520 696e . feature in\n+0000ee00: 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e the 'grub-mkcon\n+0000ee10: 6669 6727 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a27 fig' command...'\n+0000ee20: 4752 5542 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 5f53 GRUB_OS_PROBER_S\n+0000ee30: 4b49 505f 4c49 5354 270a 2020 2020 204c KIP_LIST'. L\n+0000ee40: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 ist of space-sep\n+0000ee50: 6172 6174 6564 2046 5320 5555 4944 7320 arated FS UUIDs \n+0000ee60: 6f66 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 of filesystems t\n+0000ee70: 6f20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2066 726f o be ignored fro\n+0000ee80: 6d0a 2020 2020 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 m. os-prober\n+0000ee90: 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 466f 7220 6566 output. For ef\n+0000eea0: 6920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7273 2069 i chainloaders i\n+0000eeb0: 7427 7320 3c55 5549 443e 403c 4546 4920 t's @..'GRUB_DIS\n+0000eed0: 4142 4c45 5f53 5542 4d45 4e55 270a 2020 ABLE_SUBMENU'. \n+0000eee0: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2027 6772 Normally, 'gr\n+0000eef0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c ub-mkconfig' wil\n+0000ef00: 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 6f70 206c l generate top l\n+0000ef10: 6576 656c 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 evel menu entry \n+0000ef20: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6572 for. the ker\n+0000ef30: 6e65 6c20 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 7374 nel with highest\n+0000ef40: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+0000ef50: 616e 6420 7075 7420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 and put all othe\n+0000ef60: 7220 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 r found. ker\n+0000ef70: 6e65 6c73 206f 7220 616c 7465 726e 6174 nels or alternat\n+0000ef80: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ive menu entries\n+0000ef90: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n+0000efa0: 6465 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a20 de in submenu.. \n+0000efb0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 656e 7472 6965 7320 For entries \n+0000efc0: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 276f 732d returned by 'os-\n+0000efd0: 7072 6f62 6572 2720 6669 7273 7420 656e prober' first en\n+0000efe0: 7472 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7075 7420 try will be put \n+0000eff0: 6f6e 2074 6f70 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7665 on top. leve\n+0000f000: 6c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7273 l and all others\n+0000f010: 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 4966 in submenu. If\n+0000f020: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000f030: 7365 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 0a20 set to 'true',. \n+0000f040: 2020 2020 666c 6174 206d 656e 7520 7769 flat menu wi\n+0000f050: 7468 2061 6c6c 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f th all entries o\n+0000f060: 6e20 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 7769 6c6c n top level will\n+0000f070: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e be generated in\n+0000f080: 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e stead.. Chan\n+0000f090: 6769 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ging this option\n+0000f0a0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6368 will require ch\n+0000f0b0: 616e 6769 6e67 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 anging existing \n+0000f0c0: 7661 6c75 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2027 values of. '\n+0000f0d0: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2027 GRUB_DEFAULT', '\n+0000f0e0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 fallback' (*note\n+0000f0f0: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a29 2061 6e64 fallback::) and\n+0000f100: 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 'default' (*not\n+0000f110: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a e. default::\n+0000f120: 2920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ) environment va\n+0000f130: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c20 riables as well \n+0000f140: 6173 2073 6176 6564 2064 6566 6175 6c74 as saved default\n+0000f150: 2065 6e74 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e entry. usin\n+0000f160: 6720 2767 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 g 'grub-set-defa\n+0000f170: 756c 7427 2061 6e64 2076 616c 7565 2075 ult' and value u\n+0000f180: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 2d72 sed with 'grub-r\n+0000f190: 6562 6f6f 7427 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 eboot'...'GRUB_E\n+0000f1a0: 4e41 424c 455f 4352 5950 544f 4449 534b NABLE_CRYPTODISK\n+0000f1b0: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f '. If set to\n+0000f1c0: 2027 7927 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 'y', 'grub-mkco\n+0000f1d0: 6e66 6967 2720 616e 6420 2767 7275 622d nfig' and 'grub-\n+0000f1e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 6368 install' will ch\n+0000f1f0: 6563 6b20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 eck for. enc\n+0000f200: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 6e64 rypted disks and\n+0000f210: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6164 6469 7469 generate additi\n+0000f220: 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6e65 onal commands ne\n+0000f230: 6564 6564 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 eded to access. \n+0000f240: 2020 2020 7468 656d 2064 7572 696e 6720 them during \n+0000f250: 626f 6f74 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 boot. Note that\n+0000f260: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 756e in this case un\n+0000f270: 6174 7465 6e64 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 attended boot is\n+0000f280: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 not. possib\n+0000f290: 6c65 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 le because GRUB \n+0000f2a0: 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7061 will wait for pa\n+0000f2b0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2074 6f20 756e 6c6f ssphrase to unlo\n+0000f2c0: 636b 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 0a20 2020 ck encrypted. \n+0000f2d0: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2747 container...'G\n+0000f2e0: 5255 425f 494e 4954 5f54 554e 4527 0a20 RUB_INIT_TUNE'. \n+0000f2f0: 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 6520 Play a tune \n+0000f300: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 616b 6572 2077 on the speaker w\n+0000f310: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2073 7461 7274 732e hen GRUB starts.\n+0000f320: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7061 7274 6963 This is partic\n+0000f330: 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 ularly. usef\n+0000f340: 756c 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2075 6e61 ul for users una\n+0000f350: 626c 6520 746f 2073 6565 2074 6865 2073 ble to see the s\n+0000f360: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 creen. The valu\n+0000f370: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206f e of this. o\n+0000f380: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 ption is passed \n+0000f390: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 directly to *not\n+0000f3a0: 6520 706c 6179 3a3a 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 e play::...'GRUB\n+0000f3b0: 5f42 4144 5241 4d27 0a20 2020 2020 4966 _BADRAM'. If\n+0000f3c0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000f3d0: 7365 742c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2069 set, GRUB will i\n+0000f3e0: 7373 7565 2061 202a 6e6f 7465 2062 6164 ssue a *note bad\n+0000f3f0: 7261 6d3a 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f ram:: command to\n+0000f400: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 . filter out\n+0000f410: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f specified regio\n+0000f420: 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2747 5255 ns of RAM...'GRU\n+0000f430: 425f 5052 454c 4f41 445f 4d4f 4455 4c45 B_PRELOAD_MODULE\n+0000f440: 5327 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 S'. This opt\n+0000f450: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ion may be set t\n+0000f460: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4752 5542 o a list of GRUB\n+0000f470: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7365 module names se\n+0000f480: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 parated by. \n+0000f490: 7370 6163 6573 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f spaces. Each mo\n+0000f4a0: 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 dule will be loa\n+0000f4b0: 6465 6420 6173 2065 6172 6c79 2061 7320 ded as early as \n+0000f4c0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6174 2074 6865 possible, at the\n+0000f4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2027 . start of '\n+0000f4e0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 grub.cfg'...'GRU\n+0000f4f0: 425f 5245 434f 5244 4641 494c 5f54 494d B_RECORDFAIL_TIM\n+0000f500: 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 EOUT'. If th\n+0000f510: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n+0000f520: 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 , it overrides t\n+0000f530: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6563 6f72 he default recor\n+0000f540: 6466 6169 6c20 7365 7474 696e 672e 0a20 dfail setting.. \n+0000f550: 2020 2020 4120 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 A setting of\n+0000f560: 202d 3120 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 -1 causes GRUB \n+0000f570: 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7573 6572 to wait for user\n+0000f580: 2069 6e70 7574 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 input indefinit\n+0000f590: 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 486f 7765 7665 ely.. Howeve\n+0000f5a0: 722c 2061 2066 616c 7365 2070 6f73 6974 r, a false posit\n+0000f5b0: 6976 6520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6563 6f72 ive in the recor\n+0000f5c0: 6466 6169 6c20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 dfail mechanism \n+0000f5d0: 6d61 7920 6f63 6375 7220 6966 0a20 2020 may occur if. \n+0000f5e0: 2020 706f 7765 7220 6973 206c 6f73 7420 power is lost \n+0000f5f0: 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 6265 666f during boot befo\n+0000f600: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 7375 6363 6573 7320 re boot success \n+0000f610: 6973 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 0a20 is recorded in. \n+0000f620: 2020 2020 7573 6572 7370 6163 652e 2020 userspace. \n+0000f630: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7474 The default sett\n+0000f640: 696e 6720 6973 2033 302c 2077 6869 6368 ing is 30, which\n+0000f650: 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 causes GRUB to \n+0000f660: 7761 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7573 wait. for us\n+0000f670: 6572 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 2074 6869 er input for thi\n+0000f680: 7274 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f rty seconds befo\n+0000f690: 7265 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 696e 672e 2020 re continuing. \n+0000f6a0: 5468 6973 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 This default. \n+0000f6b0: 2020 616c 6c6f 7773 2069 6e74 6572 6163 allows interac\n+0000f6c0: 7469 7665 2075 7365 7273 2074 6865 206f tive users the o\n+0000f6d0: 7070 6f72 7475 6e69 7479 2074 6f20 7377 pportunity to sw\n+0000f6e0: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 itch to a differ\n+0000f6f0: 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 696e ent,. workin\n+0000f700: 6720 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 696c 6520 g kernel, while \n+0000f710: 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2061 2066 616c 7365 avoiding a false\n+0000f720: 2070 6f73 6974 6976 6520 6361 7573 696e positive causin\n+0000f730: 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f0a 2020 g the boot to. \n+0000f740: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 6e64 6566 696e block indefin\n+0000f750: 6974 656c 7920 6f6e 2068 6561 646c 6573 itely on headles\n+0000f760: 7320 616e 6420 6170 706c 6961 6e63 6520 s and appliance \n+0000f770: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6163 systems where ac\n+0000f780: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 2063 cess. to a c\n+0000f790: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7265 7374 7269 onsole is restri\n+0000f7a0: 6374 6564 206f 7220 6c69 6d69 7465 642e cted or limited.\n+0000f7b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n+0000f7c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2065 6666 6563 on is only effec\n+0000f7d0: 7469 7665 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 tive when GRUB w\n+0000f7e0: 6173 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 as configured wi\n+0000f7f0: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d65 th the. '--e\n+0000f800: 6e61 626c 652d 7175 6963 6b2d 626f 6f74 nable-quick-boot\n+0000f810: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 ' option...'GRUB\n+0000f820: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 595f 5449 544c 4527 _RECOVERY_TITLE'\n+0000f830: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n+0000f840: 6e20 7365 7473 2074 6865 2045 6e67 6c69 n sets the Engli\n+0000f850: 7368 2074 6578 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 sh text of the s\n+0000f860: 7472 696e 6720 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 tring that will \n+0000f870: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 be. displaye\n+0000f880: 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 d in parentheses\n+0000f890: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 to indicate tha\n+0000f8a0: 7420 6120 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 t a boot option \n+0000f8b0: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 640a 2020 2020 is provided. \n+0000f8c0: 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2075 7365 7273 2072 to help users r\n+0000f8d0: 6563 6f76 6572 2061 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 ecover a broken \n+0000f8e0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 system. The def\n+0000f8f0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2272 6563 6f76 6572 ault is \"recover\n+0000f900: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6522 2e0a 0a20 y. mode\"... \n+0000f910: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+0000f920: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7374 696c options are stil\n+0000f930: 6c20 6163 6365 7074 6564 2066 6f72 2063 l accepted for c\n+0000f940: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n+0000f950: 680a 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 h.existing confi\n+0000f960: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2068 gurations, but h\n+0000f970: 6176 6520 6265 7474 6572 2072 6570 6c61 ave better repla\n+0000f980: 6365 6d65 6e74 733a 0a0a 2747 5255 425f cements:..'GRUB_\n+0000f990: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 270a HIDDEN_TIMEOUT'.\n+0000f9a0: 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 7468 6973 206d Wait this m\n+0000f9b0: 616e 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f any seconds befo\n+0000f9c0: 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 re displaying th\n+0000f9d0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 e menu. If or. a\n+0000f9f0: 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c re pressed, or <\n+0000fa00: 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 SHIFT> is held d\n+0000fa10: 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 own during that \n+0000fa20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 time, display. \n+0000fa30: 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 the menu and \n+0000fa40: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2061 wait for input a\n+0000fa50: 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 2747 5255 ccording to 'GRU\n+0000fa60: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2e20 2049 6620 B_TIMEOUT'. If \n+0000fa70: 610a 2020 2020 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 a. hotkey as\n+0000fa80: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 sociated with a \n+0000fa90: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 menu entry is pr\n+0000faa0: 6573 7365 642c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 essed, boot the \n+0000fab0: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 associated. \n+0000fac0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 menu entry immed\n+0000fad0: 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 iately. If the \n+0000fae0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 7320 timeout expires \n+0000faf0: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 before either of\n+0000fb00: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6573 6520 6861 7070 . these happ\n+0000fb10: 656e 732c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 ens, display the\n+0000fb20: 206d 656e 7520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e75 menu for the nu\n+0000fb30: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n+0000fb40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2069 specified. i\n+0000fb50: 6e20 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 n 'GRUB_TIMEOUT'\n+0000fb60: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 before booting \n+0000fb70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n+0000fb80: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 y... If you \n+0000fb90: 7365 7420 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e set 'GRUB_HIDDEN\n+0000fba0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2079 6f75 2073 _TIMEOUT', you s\n+0000fbb0: 686f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2073 6574 0a20 hould also set. \n+0000fbc0: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 'GRUB_TIMEOU\n+0000fbd0: 543d 3027 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2074 6865 T=0' so that the\n+0000fbe0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 206e 6f74 2064 6973 menu is not dis\n+0000fbf0: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7420 616c 6c20 756e played at all un\n+0000fc00: 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 3c45 5343 3e20 less. \n+0000fc10: 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 or are pres\n+0000fc20: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 sed, or \n+0000fc30: 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 is held down... \n+0000fc40: 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 This option \n+0000fc50: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 is unset by defa\n+0000fc60: 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 ult, and is depr\n+0000fc70: 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 ecated in favour\n+0000fc80: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 of the. les\n+0000fc90: 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 s confusing 'GRU\n+0000fca0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d B_TIMEOUT_STYLE=\n+0000fcb0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 206f 720a 2020 countdown' or. \n+0000fcc0: 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 'GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000fcd0: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 6465 6e27 2e0a _STYLE=hidden'..\n+0000fce0: 0a27 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 .'GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n+0000fcf0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5155 4945 5427 0a20 2020 MEOUT_QUIET'. \n+0000fd00: 2020 496e 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e In conjunction\n+0000fd10: 2077 6974 6820 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 with 'GRUB_HIDD\n+0000fd20: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2073 6574 EN_TIMEOUT', set\n+0000fd30: 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7472 7565 2720 this to 'true' \n+0000fd40: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 to. suppress\n+0000fd50: 2074 6865 2076 6572 626f 7365 2063 6f75 the verbose cou\n+0000fd60: 6e74 646f 776e 2077 6869 6c65 2077 6169 ntdown while wai\n+0000fd70: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 206b 6579 2074 ting for a key t\n+0000fd80: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6573 7365 o be. presse\n+0000fd90: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 d before display\n+0000fda0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 ing the menu... \n+0000fdb0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 This option \n+0000fdc0: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 is unset by defa\n+0000fdd0: 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 ult, and is depr\n+0000fde0: 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 ecated in favour\n+0000fdf0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 of the. les\n+0000fe00: 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 s confusing 'GRU\n+0000fe10: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d B_TIMEOUT_STYLE=\n+0000fe20: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 2e0a 0a27 4752 countdown'...'GR\n+0000fe30: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n+0000fe40: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2020 2020 2056 T_BUTTON'. V\n+0000fe50: 6172 6961 6e74 206f 6620 2747 5255 425f ariant of 'GRUB_\n+0000fe60: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c HIDDEN_TIMEOUT',\n+0000fe70: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 used to support\n+0000fe80: 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 vendor-specific\n+0000fe90: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 . power butt\n+0000fea0: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5665 6e64 ons. *Note Vend\n+0000feb0: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0000fec0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f ::... This o\n+0000fed0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 ption is unset b\n+0000fee0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 y default, and i\n+0000fef0: 7320 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s deprecated in \n+0000ff00: 6661 766f 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 favour of the. \n+0000ff10: 2020 206c 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e less confusin\n+0000ff20: 6720 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f g 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000ff30: 5354 594c 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 STYLE=countdown'\n+0000ff40: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 or. 'GRUB_T\n+0000ff50: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 IMEOUT_STYLE=hid\n+0000ff60: 6465 6e27 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6d6f den'... For mo\n+0000ff70: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6375 7374 re detailed cust\n+0000ff80: 6f6d 6973 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 omisation of 'gr\n+0000ff90: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2773 206f ub-mkconfig''s o\n+0000ffa0: 7574 7075 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a65 utput, you may.e\n+0000ffb0: 6469 7420 7468 6520 7363 7269 7074 7320 dit the scripts \n+0000ffc0: 696e 2027 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 6427 in '/etc/grub.d'\n+0000ffd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 272f 6574 directly. '/et\n+0000ffe0: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n+0000fff0: 6f6d 2720 6973 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 om' is.particula\n+00010000: 726c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2061 rly useful for a\n+00010010: 6464 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 2063 7573 dding entire cus\n+00010020: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n+00010030: 3b20 7369 6d70 6c79 2074 7970 650a 7468 ; simply type.th\n+00010040: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 e menu entries y\n+00010050: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2061 6464 2061 ou want to add a\n+00010060: 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6861 t the end of tha\n+00010070: 7420 6669 6c65 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 t file, making s\n+00010080: 7572 6520 746f 0a6c 6561 7665 2061 7420 ure to.leave at \n+00010090: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 least the first \n+000100a0: 7477 6f20 6c69 6e65 7320 696e 7461 6374 two lines intact\n+000100b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000100c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6f info, Node: Roo\n+000100d0: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n+000100e0: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 204e 6578 Heuristics, Nex\n+000100f0: 743a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 t: Shell-like sc\n+00010100: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ripting, Prev: \n+00010110: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00010120: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 tion, Up: Confi\n+00010130: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3220 526f guration..6.2 Ro\n+00010140: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n+00010150: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 730a 3d3d 3d3d Heuristics.====\n 00010160: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010170: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00010180: 0a49 6620 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 206f .If the target o\n-00010190: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-000101a0: 7573 6573 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b uses the Linux k\n-000101b0: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ernel, 'grub-mkc\n-000101c0: 6f6e 6669 6727 0a61 7474 656d 7074 7320 onfig'.attempts \n-000101d0: 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 to identify the \n-000101e0: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n-000101f0: 2076 6961 2061 2068 6575 7269 7374 6963 via a heuristic\n-00010200: 2061 6c67 6f69 7274 686d 2e0a 5468 6973 algoirthm..This\n-00010210: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 656c 6563 algorithm selec\n-00010220: 7473 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 ts the identific\n-00010230: 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 ation method of \n-00010240: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 the root file sy\n-00010250: 7374 656d 0a62 7920 636f 6e73 6964 6572 stem.by consider\n-00010260: 696e 6720 7468 7265 6520 6661 6374 6f72 ing three factor\n-00010270: 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6973 s. The first is\n-00010280: 2069 6620 616e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 666f if an initrd fo\n-00010290: 7220 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 0a6f 7065 r the target.ope\n-000102a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 rating system is\n-000102b0: 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 also present. \n-000102c0: 5468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 730a 2747 The second is.'G\n-000102d0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-000102e0: 585f 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 6966 2073 X_UUID' and if s\n-000102f0: 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7072 et to 'true', pr\n-00010300: 6576 656e 7473 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 events 'grub-mkc\n-00010310: 6f6e 6669 6727 0a66 726f 6d20 6964 656e onfig'.from iden\n-00010320: 7469 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 tifying the root\n-00010330: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 file system by \n-00010340: 6974 7320 5555 4944 2e20 5468 6520 7468 its UUID. The th\n-00010350: 6972 6420 6973 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ird is.'GRUB_DIS\n-00010360: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-00010370: 5549 4427 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 UID' and if set \n-00010380: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2070 7265 7665 to 'true', preve\n-00010390: 6e74 730a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 nts.'grub-mkconf\n-000103a0: 6967 2720 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ig' from identif\n-000103b0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 ying the root fi\n-000103c0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 7468 le system via th\n-000103d0: 6520 5555 4944 206f 660a 6974 7320 656e e UUID of.its en\n-000103e0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f closing partitio\n-000103f0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 n. If the varia\n-00010400: 626c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7373 6967 6e65 bles are assigne\n-00010410: 6420 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 d any other valu\n-00010420: 652c 0a74 6861 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6973 e,.that value is\n-00010430: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6571 7569 considered equi\n-00010440: 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 valent to 'false\n-00010450: 272e 2020 5468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 '. The variable\n-00010460: 7320 6172 6520 616c 736f 0a63 6f6e 7369 s are also.consi\n-00010470: 6465 7265 6420 746f 2062 6520 7365 7420 dered to be set \n-00010480: 746f 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2069 6620 7468 to 'false' if th\n-00010490: 6579 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2e0a ey are not set..\n-000104a0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 . When booting\n-000104b0: 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e , the Linux kern\n-000104c0: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6c65 6761 7465 el will delegate\n-000104d0: 2074 6865 2074 6173 6b20 6f66 206d 6f75 the task of mou\n-000104e0: 6e74 696e 6720 7468 650a 726f 6f74 2066 nting the.root f\n-000104f0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 ilesystem to the\n-00010500: 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 4d6f 7374 2069 initrd. Most i\n-00010510: 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2064 6574 nitrd images det\n-00010520: 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a ermine the root.\n-00010530: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2063 file system by c\n-00010540: 6865 636b 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 hecking the Linu\n-00010550: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2773 2063 6f6d 6d61 x kernel's comma\n-00010560: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 nd-line for the \n-00010570: 2772 6f6f 7427 0a6b 6579 2061 6e64 2075 'root'.key and u\n-00010580: 7365 2069 7473 2076 616c 7565 2061 7320 se its value as \n-00010590: 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 the identificati\n-000105a0: 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 on method of the\n-000105b0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 root file.syste\n-000105c0: 6d2e 2020 546f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2074 m. To improve t\n-000105d0: 6865 2072 656c 6961 6269 6c69 7479 206f he reliability o\n-000105e0: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 672c 206d 6f73 7420 f booting, most \n-000105f0: 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616c initrd images al\n-00010600: 736f 0a61 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f so.allow the roo\n-00010610: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f t file system to\n-00010620: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 be identified b\n-00010630: 7920 6974 7320 5555 4944 2e20 4265 6361 y its UUID. Beca\n-00010640: 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 6265 6861 use of this.beha\n-00010650: 7669 6f72 2c20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d vior, the 'grub-\n-00010660: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 636f 6d6d 616e mkconfig' comman\n-00010670: 6420 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2027 726f 6f74 d will set 'root\n-00010680: 2720 746f 2027 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d ' to 'root=UUID=\n-00010690: 2e2e 2e27 0a74 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 ...'.to provide \n-000106a0: 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 2077 6974 6820 the initrd with \n-000106b0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 the filesystem U\n-000106c0: 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 UID of the root \n-000106d0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 file system... \n-000106e0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 If no initrd is\n-000106f0: 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 6f72 2027 4752 detected or 'GR\n-00010700: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n-00010710: 5f55 5549 4427 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f _UUID' is set to\n-00010720: 0a27 7472 7565 2720 7468 656e 2027 6772 .'true' then 'gr\n-00010730: 7562 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c ub-command' will\n-00010740: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f identify the ro\n-00010750: 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6279 ot filesystem by\n-00010760: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 206b 6572 setting.the ker\n-00010770: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n-00010780: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2772 6f6f 7427 variable 'root'\n-00010790: 2074 6f20 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 5254 5555 to 'root=PARTUU\n-000107a0: 4944 3d2e 2e2e 2720 756e 6c65 7373 0a27 ID=...' unless.'\n-000107b0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-000107c0: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4427 2069 7320 UX_PARTUUID' is \n-000107d0: 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 also set to 'tru\n-000107e0: 6527 2e20 2049 660a 2747 5255 425f 4449 e'. If.'GRUB_DI\n-000107f0: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n-00010800: 5555 4944 2720 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 UUID' is also se\n-00010810: 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2027 6772 t to 'true', 'gr\n-00010820: 7562 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c ub-command' will\n-00010830: 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 7920 6279 2069 7473 .identify by its\n-00010840: 204c 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 Linux device na\n-00010850: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c me... The foll\n-00010860: 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 6520 7375 6d6d owing table summ\n-00010870: 6172 697a 6573 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 arizes the behav\n-00010880: 696f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 ior of the 'grub\n-00010890: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 0a63 6f6d 6d61 -mkconfig'.comma\n-000108a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a49 6e69 7472 6420 2020 2020 nd...Initrd \n-000108b0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n-000108c0: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4420 2020 4752 UX_PARTUUID GR\n-000108d0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n-000108e0: 5f55 5549 4420 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 526f _UUID Linux Ro\n-000108f0: 6f74 0a64 6574 6563 7465 6420 2020 5365 ot.detected Se\n-00010900: 7420 546f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t To \n-00010910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-00010920: 546f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n-00010930: 2020 2020 2020 4944 204d 6574 686f 640a ID Method.\n+00010170: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n+00010180: 6620 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 f the target ope\n+00010190: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 rating system us\n+000101a0: 6573 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 es the Linux ker\n+000101b0: 6e65 6c2c 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e nel, 'grub-mkcon\n+000101c0: 6669 6727 0a61 7474 656d 7074 7320 746f fig'.attempts to\n+000101d0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f identify the ro\n+000101e0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 ot file system v\n+000101f0: 6961 2061 2068 6575 7269 7374 6963 2061 ia a heuristic a\n+00010200: 6c67 6f69 7274 686d 2e0a 5468 6973 2061 lgoirthm..This a\n+00010210: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 656c 6563 7473 lgorithm selects\n+00010220: 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 the identificat\n+00010230: 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 ion method of th\n+00010240: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n+00010250: 656d 0a62 7920 636f 6e73 6964 6572 696e em.by considerin\n+00010260: 6720 7468 7265 6520 6661 6374 6f72 732e g three factors.\n+00010270: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6973 2069 The first is i\n+00010280: 6620 616e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 666f 7220 f an initrd for \n+00010290: 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 0a6f 7065 7261 the target.opera\n+000102a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2061 ting system is a\n+000102b0: 6c73 6f20 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 lso present. Th\n+000102c0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 730a 2747 5255 e second is.'GRU\n+000102d0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+000102e0: 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 UUID' and if set\n+000102f0: 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7072 6576 to 'true', prev\n+00010300: 656e 7473 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ents 'grub-mkcon\n+00010310: 6669 6727 0a66 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 fig'.from identi\n+00010320: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 fying the root f\n+00010330: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6974 ile system by it\n+00010340: 7320 5555 4944 2e20 5468 6520 7468 6972 s UUID. The thir\n+00010350: 6420 6973 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 d is.'GRUB_DISAB\n+00010360: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n+00010370: 4427 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f D' and if set to\n+00010380: 2027 7472 7565 272c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 'true', prevent\n+00010390: 730a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 s.'grub-mkconfig\n+000103a0: 2720 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 ' from identifyi\n+000103b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ng the root file\n+000103c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 7468 6520 system via the \n+000103d0: 5555 4944 206f 660a 6974 7320 656e 636c UUID of.its encl\n+000103e0: 6f73 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e osing partition.\n+000103f0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c If the variabl\n+00010400: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 es are assigned \n+00010410: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 652c any other value,\n+00010420: 0a74 6861 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2063 .that value is c\n+00010430: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6571 7569 7661 onsidered equiva\n+00010440: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 272e lent to 'false'.\n+00010450: 2020 5468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 The variables \n+00010460: 6172 6520 616c 736f 0a63 6f6e 7369 6465 are also.conside\n+00010470: 7265 6420 746f 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f red to be set to\n+00010480: 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2069 6620 7468 6579 'false' if they\n+00010490: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 are not set... \n+000104a0: 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 When booting, \n+000104b0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n+000104c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6c65 6761 7465 2074 will delegate t\n+000104d0: 6865 2074 6173 6b20 6f66 206d 6f75 6e74 he task of mount\n+000104e0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 726f 6f74 2066 696c ing the.root fil\n+000104f0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 2069 esystem to the i\n+00010500: 6e69 7472 642e 2020 4d6f 7374 2069 6e69 nitrd. Most ini\n+00010510: 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2064 6574 6572 trd images deter\n+00010520: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 6669 mine the root.fi\n+00010530: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2063 6865 le system by che\n+00010540: 636b 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 cking the Linux \n+00010550: 6b65 726e 656c 2773 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 kernel's command\n+00010560: 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 2772 -line for the 'r\n+00010570: 6f6f 7427 0a6b 6579 2061 6e64 2075 7365 oot'.key and use\n+00010580: 2069 7473 2076 616c 7565 2061 7320 7468 its value as th\n+00010590: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e e identification\n+000105a0: 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 method of the r\n+000105b0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d2e oot file.system.\n+000105c0: 2020 546f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2074 6865 To improve the\n+000105d0: 2072 656c 6961 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 reliability of \n+000105e0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 206d 6f73 7420 696e booting, most in\n+000105f0: 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616c 736f itrd images also\n+00010600: 0a61 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 .allow the root \n+00010610: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 file system to b\n+00010620: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 e identified by \n+00010630: 6974 7320 5555 4944 2e20 4265 6361 7573 its UUID. Becaus\n+00010640: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 6265 6861 7669 e of this.behavi\n+00010650: 6f72 2c20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b or, the 'grub-mk\n+00010660: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 config' command \n+00010670: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2027 726f 6f74 2720 will set 'root' \n+00010680: 746f 2027 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e to 'root=UUID=..\n+00010690: 2e27 0a74 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7468 .'.to provide th\n+000106a0: 6520 696e 6974 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 e initrd with th\n+000106b0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 e filesystem UUI\n+000106c0: 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 D of the root fi\n+000106d0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 le system... I\n+000106e0: 6620 6e6f 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2064 f no initrd is d\n+000106f0: 6574 6563 7465 6420 6f72 2027 4752 5542 etected or 'GRUB\n+00010700: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n+00010710: 5549 4427 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a27 UID' is set to.'\n+00010720: 7472 7565 2720 7468 656e 2027 6772 7562 true' then 'grub\n+00010730: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 2069 -command' will i\n+00010740: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f 6f74 dentify the root\n+00010750: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2073 filesystem by s\n+00010760: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 206b 6572 6e65 etting.the kerne\n+00010770: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2076 l command-line v\n+00010780: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2772 6f6f 7427 2074 ariable 'root' t\n+00010790: 6f20 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 5254 5555 4944 o 'root=PARTUUID\n+000107a0: 3d2e 2e2e 2720 756e 6c65 7373 0a27 4752 =...' unless.'GR\n+000107b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+000107c0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4427 2069 7320 616c _PARTUUID' is al\n+000107d0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 so set to 'true'\n+000107e0: 2e20 2049 660a 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 . If.'GRUB_DISA\n+000107f0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n+00010800: 4944 2720 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 ID' is also set \n+00010810: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2027 6772 7562 to 'true', 'grub\n+00010820: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 0a69 -command' will.i\n+00010830: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 6279 2069 7473 204c dentify by its L\n+00010840: 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 inux device name\n+00010850: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ... The follow\n+00010860: 696e 6720 7461 626c 6520 7375 6d6d 6172 ing table summar\n+00010870: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f izes the behavio\n+00010880: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d r of the 'grub-m\n+00010890: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 kconfig'.command\n+000108a0: 2e0a 0a49 6e69 7472 6420 2020 2020 4752 ...Initrd GR\n+000108b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+000108c0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4420 2020 4752 5542 _PARTUUID GRUB\n+000108d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n+000108e0: 5549 4420 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 526f 6f74 UID Linux Root\n+000108f0: 0a64 6574 6563 7465 6420 2020 5365 7420 .detected Set \n+00010900: 546f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n+00010910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 546f Set To\n+00010920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00010930: 2020 2020 4944 204d 6574 686f 640a 2d2d ID Method.--\n 00010940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010990: 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 .false fals\n-000109a0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-000109b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 false \n+00010980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a66 --------------.f\n+00010990: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 alse false \n+000109a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000109b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 false \n 000109c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000109d0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 part UUID.fa\n-000109e0: 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 lse false \n+000109d0: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 part UUID.fals\n+000109e0: 6520 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 e false \n 000109f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010a00: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 true \n-00010a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010a20: 2070 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 part UUID.false\n-00010a30: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010a00: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00010a20: 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 art UUID.false \n+00010a30: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n 00010a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010a50: 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00010a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-00010a70: 7620 6e61 6d65 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 v name.false \n-00010a80: 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00010a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010aa0: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00010ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 dev na\n-00010ac0: 6d65 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 me.true fa\n-00010ad0: 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse \n-00010ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 fals\n-00010af0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00010b00: 2020 2020 2020 6673 2055 5549 440a 7472 fs UUID.tr\n-00010b10: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 ue false \n+00010a50: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00010a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 dev \n+00010a70: 6e61 6d65 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 name.false \n+00010a80: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n+00010aa0: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue \n+00010ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 dev name\n+00010ac0: 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 .true fals\n+00010ad0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00010ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 false \n+00010af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00010b00: 2020 2020 6673 2055 5549 440a 7472 7565 fs UUID.true\n+00010b10: 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 false \n 00010b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010b30: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 true \n-00010b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010b50: 2070 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 part UUID.true \n-00010b60: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010b30: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00010b50: 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 art UUID.true \n+00010b60: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n 00010b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010b80: 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00010b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6673 fs\n-00010ba0: 2055 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 UUID.true \n-00010bb0: 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00010bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00010bd0: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n-00010be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d dev nam\n-00010bf0: 650a 0a20 2020 5265 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 e.. Remember, \n-00010c00: 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 'GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-00010c10: 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 616e NUX_PARTUUID' an\n-00010c20: 6420 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f d 'GRUB_DISABLE_\n-00010c30: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 270a 6172 6520 LINUX_UUID'.are \n-00010c40: 616c 736f 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 also considered \n-00010c50: 746f 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 to be set to 'fa\n-00010c60: 6c73 6527 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2061 lse' when they a\n-00010c70: 7265 2075 6e73 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c re unset.....Fil\n-00010c80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00010c90: 6f64 653a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 ode: Shell-like \n-00010ca0: 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 scripting, Next\n-00010cb0: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n-00010cc0: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2050 7265 ual config, Pre\n-00010cd0: 763a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 v: Root Identifc\n-00010ce0: 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 ation Heuristics\n-00010cf0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n-00010d00: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3320 5772 6974 696e tion..6.3 Writin\n-00010d10: 6720 6675 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 g full configura\n-00010d20: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 tion files direc\n-00010d30: 746c 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tly.============\n+00010b80: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00010b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6673 2055 fs U\n+00010ba0: 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 UID.true t\n+00010bb0: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00010bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n+00010bd0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00010be0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a dev name.\n+00010bf0: 0a20 2020 5265 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 2747 . Remember, 'G\n+00010c00: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+00010c10: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 X_PARTUUID' and \n+00010c20: 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 'GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n+00010c30: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 270a 6172 6520 616c NUX_UUID'.are al\n+00010c40: 736f 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f so considered to\n+00010c50: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 6c73 be set to 'fals\n+00010c60: 6527 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2061 7265 e' when they are\n+00010c70: 2075 6e73 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a unset.....File:\n+00010c80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00010c90: 653a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 e: Shell-like sc\n+00010ca0: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ripting, Next: \n+00010cb0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+00010cc0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a l config, Prev:\n+00010cd0: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n+00010ce0: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 ion Heuristics, \n+00010cf0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n+00010d00: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3320 5772 6974 696e 6720 on..6.3 Writing \n+00010d10: 6675 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 full configurati\n+00010d20: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c on files directl\n+00010d30: 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y.==============\n 00010d40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010d50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010d60: 3d0a 0a27 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6973 =..'grub.cfg' is\n-00010d70: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 written in GRUB\n-00010d80: 2773 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7363 7269 's built-in scri\n-00010d90: 7074 696e 6720 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2c20 pting language, \n-00010da0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 610a 7379 6e74 which has a.synt\n-00010db0: 6178 2071 7569 7465 2073 696d 696c 6172 ax quite similar\n-00010dc0: 2074 6f20 7468 6174 206f 6620 474e 5520 to that of GNU \n-00010dd0: 4261 7368 2061 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2042 Bash and other B\n-00010de0: 6f75 726e 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 6465 7269 ourne shell.deri\n-00010df0: 7661 7469 7665 732e 0a0a 576f 7264 730a vatives...Words.\n-00010e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 776f 7264 2220 =====..A \"word\" \n-00010e10: 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 is a sequence of\n-00010e20: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 636f 6e73 characters cons\n-00010e30: 6964 6572 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6e67 idered as a sing\n-00010e40: 6c65 2075 6e69 7420 6279 0a47 5255 422e le unit by.GRUB.\n-00010e50: 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 Words are separ\n-00010e60: 6174 6564 2062 7920 226d 6574 6163 6861 ated by \"metacha\n-00010e70: 7261 6374 6572 7322 2c20 7768 6963 6820 racters\", which \n-00010e80: 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e are the followin\n-00010e90: 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 g.plus space, ta\n-00010ea0: 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a b, and newline:.\n-00010eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 . { } | & $ \n-00010ec0: 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e ; < >.. Quotin\n-00010ed0: 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f g may be used to\n-00010ee0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 include metacha\n-00010ef0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 racters in words\n-00010f00: 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 ; see below...Re\n-00010f10: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d served words.===\n-00010f20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 ===========..Res\n-00010f30: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 erved words have\n-00010f40: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 a special meani\n-00010f50: 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 ng to GRUB. The \n-00010f60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 following words \n-00010f70: 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 are.recognised a\n-00010f80: 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 s reserved when \n-00010f90: 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 unquoted and eit\n-00010fa0: 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f her the first wo\n-00010fb0: 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 rd of a.simple c\n-00010fc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 ommand or the th\n-00010fd0: 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 2766 ird word of a 'f\n-00010fe0: 6f72 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 or' command:.. \n-00010ff0: 2020 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 ! [[ ]] { }. \n-00011000: 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 case do done\n-00011010: 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 elif else esac \n-00011020: 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a fi for function.\n-00011030: 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 if in menue\n-00011040: 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e ntry select then\n-00011050: 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c time until whil\n-00011060: 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 e.. Not all of\n-00011070: 2074 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 these reserved \n-00011080: 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 words have a use\n-00011090: 6675 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b ful purpose yet;\n-000110a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 some are.reserv\n-000110b0: 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 ed for future ex\n-000110c0: 7061 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e pansion...Quotin\n-000110d0: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 g.=======..Quoti\n-000110e0: 6e67 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 ng is used to re\n-000110f0: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c move the special\n-00011100: 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 meaning of cert\n-00011110: 6169 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f ain characters o\n-00011120: 720a 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e r.words. It can\n-00011130: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 be used to trea\n-00011140: 7420 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 t metacharacters\n-00011150: 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f as part of a wo\n-00011160: 7264 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 rd, to.prevent r\n-00011170: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 eserved words fr\n-00011180: 6f6d 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 om being recogni\n-00011190: 7365 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 sed as such, and\n-000111a0: 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 to prevent.vari\n-000111b0: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a able expansion..\n-000111c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 . There are th\n-000111d0: 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 ree quoting mech\n-000111e0: 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 anisms: the esca\n-000111f0: 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 pe character, si\n-00011200: 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 ngle.quotes, and\n-00011210: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a double quotes..\n-00011220: 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 . A non-quoted\n-00011230: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 backslash (\\) i\n-00011240: 7320 7468 6520 2265 7363 6170 6520 6368 s the \"escape ch\n-00011250: 6172 6163 7465 7222 2e20 2049 7420 7072 aracter\". It pr\n-00011260: 6573 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 eserves.the lite\n-00011270: 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ral value of the\n-00011280: 206e 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 next character \n-00011290: 7468 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 that follows, wi\n-000112a0: 7468 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e th the exception\n-000112b0: 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 .of newline... \n-000112c0: 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 Enclosing chara\n-000112d0: 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 cters in single \n-000112e0: 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 quotes preserves\n-000112f0: 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c the literal val\n-00011300: 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 ue of.each chara\n-00011310: 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 cter within the \n-00011320: 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c quotes. A singl\n-00011330: 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 e quote may not \n-00011340: 6f63 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 occur between.si\n-00011350: 6e67 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 ngle quotes, eve\n-00011360: 6e20 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 n when preceded \n-00011370: 6279 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a by a backslash..\n-00011380: 0a20 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 . Enclosing ch\n-00011390: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 aracters in doub\n-000113a0: 6c65 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 le quotes preser\n-000113b0: 7665 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 ves the literal \n-000113c0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 value of.all cha\n-000113d0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 racters within t\n-000113e0: 6865 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 he quotes, with \n-000113f0: 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 the exception of\n-00011400: 2027 2427 2061 6e64 2027 5c27 2e0a 5468 '$' and '\\'..Th\n-00011410: 6520 2724 2720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 e '$' character \n-00011420: 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 retains its spec\n-00011430: 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 ial meaning with\n-00011440: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 in double quotes\n-00011450: 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 . The.backslash\n-00011460: 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 7065 retains its spe\n-00011470: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c cial meaning onl\n-00011480: 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 y when followed \n-00011490: 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a 666f by one of the.fo\n-000114a0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 llowing characte\n-000114b0: 7273 3a20 2724 272c 2027 2227 2c20 275c rs: '$', '\"', '\\\n-000114c0: 272c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 ', or newline. \n-000114d0: 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c A backslash-newl\n-000114e0: 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 ine.pair is trea\n-000114f0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f ted as a line co\n-00011500: 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 ntinuation (that\n-00011510: 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 is, it is remov\n-00011520: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 ed from the.inpu\n-00011530: 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 t stream and eff\n-00011540: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 ectively ignored\n-00011550: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c (1) (*note Shell\n-00011560: 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d -like.scripting-\n-00011570: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 Footnote-1::)). \n-00011580: 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 A double quote \n-00011590: 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 may be quoted wi\n-000115a0: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 thin double.quot\n-000115b0: 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 es by preceding \n-000115c0: 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c it with a backsl\n-000115d0: 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 ash...Variable e\n-000115e0: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d xpansion.=======\n-000115f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00011600: 2027 2427 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 '$' character i\n-00011610: 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 ntroduces variab\n-00011620: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 le expansion. T\n-00011630: 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 he variable name\n-00011640: 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 6420 to.be expanded \n-00011650: 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 may be enclosed \n-00011660: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 6368 in braces, which\n-00011670: 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 are optional bu\n-00011680: 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f 7465 t serve to.prote\n-00011690: 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ct the variable \n-000116a0: 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 2066 to be expanded f\n-000116b0: 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 rom characters i\n-000116c0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f mmediately.follo\n-000116d0: 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 636f wing it which co\n-000116e0: 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 uld be interpret\n-000116f0: 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 ed as part of th\n-00011700: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d e name... Norm\n-00011710: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n-00011720: 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 s begin with an \n-00011730: 616c 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 alphabetic chara\n-00011740: 6374 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 cter, followed b\n-00011750: 790a 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 y.zero or more a\n-00011760: 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 lphanumeric char\n-00011770: 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e acters. These n\n-00011780: 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e ames refer to en\n-00011790: 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 tries in.the GRU\n-000117a0: 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a B environment (*\n-000117b0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-000117c0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f ::)... Positio\n-000117d0: 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d nal variable nam\n-000117e0: 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e es consist of on\n-000117f0: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 e or more digits\n-00011800: 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e . They.represen\n-00011810: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 t parameters pas\n-00011820: 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 sed to function \n-00011830: 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 2724 3127 calls, with '$1'\n-00011840: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 representing.th\n-00011850: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 e first paramete\n-00011860: 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 r, and so on... \n-00011870: 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 The special va\n-00011880: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 273f 2720 riable name '?' \n-00011890: 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 expands to the e\n-000118a0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-000118b0: 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 e most.recently \n-000118c0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n-000118d0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e . When position\n-000118e0: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n-000118f0: 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 s are active,.ot\n-00011900: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 her special vari\n-00011910: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2027 4027 2c20 able names '@', \n-00011920: 272a 2720 616e 6420 2723 2720 6172 6520 '*' and '#' are \n-00011930: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 defined and they\n-00011940: 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 .expand to all p\n-00011950: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n-00011960: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 ters with necess\n-00011970: 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 ary quoting, pos\n-00011980: 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional.paramete\n-00011990: 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 rs without any q\n-000119a0: 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 uoting, and posi\n-000119b0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n-000119c0: 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 count.respectiv\n-000119d0: 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d ely...Comments.=\n-000119e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 =======..A word \n-000119f0: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 beginning with '\n-00011a00: 2327 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 #' causes that w\n-00011a10: 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 ord and all rema\n-00011a20: 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ining characters\n-00011a30: 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f .on that line to\n-00011a40: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 be ignored...Si\n-00011a50: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d mple commands.==\n-00011a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-00011a70: 2022 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 \"simple command\n-00011a80: 2220 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 \" is a sequence \n-00011a90: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 of words separat\n-00011aa0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 ed by spaces or \n-00011ab0: 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 tabs.and termina\n-00011ac0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ted by a semicol\n-00011ad0: 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e on or a newline.\n-00011ae0: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 The first word\n-00011af0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 specifies.the c\n-00011b00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 ommand to be exe\n-00011b10: 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 cuted. The rema\n-00011b20: 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 ining words are \n-00011b30: 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 passed as argume\n-00011b40: 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b nts.to the invok\n-00011b50: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 ed command... \n-00011b60: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-00011b70: 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a simple com\n-00011b80: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 mand is its exit\n-00011b90: 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 status. If the\n-00011ba0: 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 2027 .reserved word '\n-00011bb0: 2127 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 !' precedes the \n-00011bc0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 command, then th\n-00011bd0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-00011be0: 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f s instead.the lo\n-00011bf0: 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f gical negation o\n-00011c00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 f the command's \n-00011c10: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f exit status...Co\n-00011c20: 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a mpound commands.\n-00011c30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00011c40: 3d0a 0a41 2022 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 =..A \"compound c\n-00011c50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2220 6973 206f 6e65 206f ommand\" is one o\n-00011c60: 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a f the following:\n-00011c70: 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f ..for NAME in WO\n-00011c80: 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b RD ...; do LIST;\n-00011c90: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c done. The l\n-00011ca0: 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c ist of words fol\n-00011cb0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2027 696e 2720 6973 2065 lowing 'in' is e\n-00011cc0: 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 xpanded, generat\n-00011cd0: 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 ing a list of. \n-00011ce0: 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 items. The v\n-00011cf0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 ariable NAME is \n-00011d00: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d set to each elem\n-00011d10: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 ent of this list\n-00011d20: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 in. turn, a\n-00011d30: 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 nd LIST is execu\n-00011d40: 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 ted each time. \n-00011d50: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-00011d60: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 is the exit. \n-00011d70: 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 status of the \n-00011d80: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 last command tha\n-00011d90: 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 t executes. If \n-00011da0: 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 the expansion of\n-00011db0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 the. items \n-00011dc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2769 6e27 2072 following 'in' r\n-00011dd0: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 esults in an emp\n-00011de0: 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d ty list, no comm\n-00011df0: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 ands are. ex\n-00011e00: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ecuted, and the \n-00011e10: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-00011e20: 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 0...if LIST; th\n-00011e30: 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c en LIST; [elif L\n-00011e40: 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d IST; then LIST;]\n-00011e50: 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b ... [else LIST;\n-00011e60: 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2769 ] fi. The 'i\n-00011e70: 6627 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 f' LIST is execu\n-00011e80: 7465 642e 2020 4966 2069 7473 2065 7869 ted. If its exi\n-00011e90: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f t status is zero\n-00011ea0: 2c20 7468 6520 2774 6865 6e27 0a20 2020 , the 'then'. \n-00011eb0: 2020 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 LIST is execut\n-00011ec0: 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 ed. Otherwise, \n-00011ed0: 6561 6368 2027 656c 6966 2720 4c49 5354 each 'elif' LIST\n-00011ee0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 is executed in \n-00011ef0: 7475 726e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 turn,. and i\n-00011f00: 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 f its exit statu\n-00011f10: 7320 6973 207a 6572 6f2c 2074 6865 2063 s is zero, the c\n-00011f20: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2027 7468 orresponding 'th\n-00011f30: 656e 2720 4c49 5354 2069 730a 2020 2020 en' LIST is. \n-00011f40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 executed and th\n-00011f50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 e command comple\n-00011f60: 7465 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c tes. Otherwise,\n-00011f70: 2074 6865 2027 656c 7365 2720 4c49 5354 the 'else' LIST\n-00011f80: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 is. execute\n-00011f90: 642c 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 d, if present. \n-00011fa0: 5468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 The exit status \n-00011fb0: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 is the exit stat\n-00011fc0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c us of the. l\n-00011fd0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ast command exec\n-00011fe0: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n-00011ff0: 206e 6f20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e20 7465 no condition te\n-00012000: 7374 6564 2074 7275 652e 0a0a 7768 696c sted true...whil\n-00012010: 6520 434f 4e44 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b e COND; do LIST;\n-00012020: 2064 6f6e 650a 756e 7469 6c20 434f 4e44 done.until COND\n-00012030: 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a ; do LIST; done.\n-00012040: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 The 'while'\n-00012050: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 command continu\n-00012060: 6f75 736c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 ously executes t\n-00012070: 6865 2027 646f 2720 4c49 5354 2061 7320 he 'do' LIST as \n-00012080: 6c6f 6e67 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 long as. the\n-00012090: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e last command in\n-000120a0: 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 616e COND returns an\n-000120b0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n-000120c0: 7a65 726f 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 zero. The. \n-000120d0: 2775 6e74 696c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 'until' command \n-000120e0: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 is identical to \n-000120f0: 7468 6520 2777 6869 6c65 2720 636f 6d6d the 'while' comm\n-00012100: 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 and, except that\n-00012110: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7465 7374 2069 . the test i\n-00012120: 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 2027 s negated; the '\n-00012130: 646f 2720 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 do' LIST is exec\n-00012140: 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 uted as long as \n-00012150: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 636f the last. co\n-00012160: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 mmand in COND re\n-00012170: 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f turns a non-zero\n-00012180: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 exit status. T\n-00012190: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n-000121a0: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 7768 696c f. the 'whil\n-000121b0: 6527 2061 6e64 2027 756e 7469 6c27 2063 e' and 'until' c\n-000121c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 ommands is the e\n-000121d0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-000121e0: 6520 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6f27 e last. 'do'\n-000121f0: 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 LIST command ex\n-00012200: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 ecuted, or zero \n-00012210: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 if none was exec\n-00012220: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uted...function \n-00012230: 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 NAME { COMMAND; \n-00012240: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n-00012250: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 defines a functi\n-00012260: 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 on named NAME. \n-00012270: 5468 6520 2262 6f64 7922 206f 6620 7468 The \"body\" of th\n-00012280: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 e function is. \n-00012290: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 the list of c\n-000122a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 ommands within b\n-000122b0: 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 races, each of w\n-000122c0: 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hich must be. \n-000122d0: 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 terminated wit\n-000122e0: 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 h a semicolon or\n-000122f0: 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 a newline. Thi\n-00012300: 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e s list of comman\n-00012310: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ds. will be \n-00012320: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 executed wheneve\n-00012330: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 r NAME is specif\n-00012340: 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 ied as the name \n-00012350: 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 of a simple. \n-00012360: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 command. Funct\n-00012370: 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 ion definitions \n-00012380: 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 do not affect th\n-00012390: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e e exit status in\n-000123a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2724 3f27 2e20 2057 6865 . '$?'. Whe\n-000123b0: 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 n executed, the \n-000123c0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 exit status of a\n-000123d0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 function is the\n-000123e0: 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 exit. statu\n-000123f0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n-00012400: 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 mmand executed i\n-00012410: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e n the body...men\n-00012420: 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 272d uentry TITLE ['-\n-00012430: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 2720 2e2e -class=class' ..\n-00012440: 2e5d 205b 272d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 .] ['--users=use\n-00012450: 7273 275d 205b 272d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 rs'] ['--unrestr\n-00012460: 6963 7465 6427 5d20 5b27 2d2d 686f 746b icted'] ['--hotk\n-00012470: 6579 3d6b 6579 275d 205b 272d 2d69 643d ey=key'] ['--id=\n-00012480: 6964 275d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 id'] { COMMAND; \n-00012490: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 ... }. *Note\n-000124a0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 menuentry::...B\n-000124b0: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in Commands\n-000124c0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000124d0: 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 ==..Some built-i\n-000124e0: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 n commands are a\n-000124f0: 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 lso provided by \n-00012500: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 GRUB script to h\n-00012510: 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 elp script.write\n-00012520: 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f rs perform actio\n-00012530: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 ns that are othe\n-00012540: 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 rwise not possib\n-00012550: 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 le. For example\n-00012560: 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 ,.these include \n-00012570: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 commands to jump\n-00012580: 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 out of a loop w\n-00012590: 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d ithout fully com\n-000125a0: 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e pleting.it, etc.\n-000125b0: 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 ..break ['n']. \n-000125c0: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 Exit from wit\n-000125d0: 6869 6e20 6120 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 hin a 'for', 'wh\n-000125e0: 696c 6527 2c20 6f72 2027 756e 7469 6c27 ile', or 'until'\n-000125f0: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 loop. If 'n' i\n-00012600: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00012610: 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 276e 2720 6c65 7665 , break 'n' leve\n-00012620: 6c73 2e20 2027 6e27 206d 7573 7420 6265 ls. 'n' must be\n-00012630: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n-00012640: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 equal to. 1\n-00012650: 2e20 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2067 7265 . If 'n' is gre\n-00012660: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 ater than the nu\n-00012670: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e mber of enclosin\n-00012680: 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 g loops, all. \n-00012690: 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 enclosing loop\n-000126a0: 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 s are exited. T\n-000126b0: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n-000126c0: 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 276e 2720 is 0 unless 'n' \n-000126d0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 is. not grea\n-000126e0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ter than or equa\n-000126f0: 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 l to 1...continu\n-00012700: 6520 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 e ['n']. Res\n-00012710: 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 ume the next ite\n-00012720: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e ration of the en\n-00012730: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 2766 6f72 272c 2027 closing 'for', '\n-00012740: 7768 696c 6527 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 while' or. '\n-00012750: 756e 7469 6c27 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 until' loop. If\n-00012760: 2027 6e27 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 'n' is specifie\n-00012770: 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 d, resume at the\n-00012780: 2027 6e27 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 'n'th enclosing\n-00012790: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 2027 6e27 . loop. 'n'\n-000127a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n-000127b0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-000127c0: 6f20 312e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 o 1. If 'n' is \n-000127d0: 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 greater. tha\n-000127e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n-000127f0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n-00012800: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 the last enclos\n-00012810: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 ing loop (the. \n-00012820: 2020 2022 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c22 206c \"top-level\" l\n-00012830: 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e oop) is resumed.\n-00012840: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n-00012850: 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 2027 ue is 0 unless '\n-00012860: 6e27 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 n' is. not g\n-00012870: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-00012880: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 qual to 1...retu\n-00012890: 726e 205b 276e 275d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 rn ['n']. Ca\n-000128a0: 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uses a function \n-000128b0: 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 to exit with the\n-000128c0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 return value sp\n-000128d0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2027 6e27 2e0a ecified by 'n'..\n-000128e0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 206f If 'n' is o\n-000128f0: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 mitted, the retu\n-00012900: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 rn status is tha\n-00012910: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f t of the last co\n-00012920: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n-00012930: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 ted in the funct\n-00012940: 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 ion body. If us\n-00012950: 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e ed outside a fun\n-00012960: 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 ction the. r\n-00012970: 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 eturn status is \n-00012980: 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d false...setparam\n-00012990: 7320 5b27 6172 6727 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 s ['arg'] .... \n-000129a0: 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 Replace posit\n-000129b0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n-000129c0: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 starting with '\n-000129d0: 2431 2720 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e $1' with argumen\n-000129e0: 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 7365 7470 ts to. 'setp\n-000129f0: 6172 616d 7327 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b arams'...shift [\n-00012a00: 276e 275d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 'n']. The po\n-00012a10: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n-00012a20: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2027 6e27 2b31 202e ers from 'n'+1 .\n-00012a30: 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 .. are renamed t\n-00012a40: 6f20 2724 3127 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 o '$1'..... \n-00012a50: 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 Parameters repre\n-00012a60: 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 sented by the nu\n-00012a70: 6d62 6572 7320 2724 2327 2064 6f77 6e20 mbers '$#' down \n-00012a80: 746f 2027 2423 272d 276e 272b 3120 6172 to '$#'-'n'+1 ar\n-00012a90: 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2027 e. unset. '\n-00012aa0: 6e27 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e n' must be a non\n-00012ab0: 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 -negative number\n-00012ac0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 less than or eq\n-00012ad0: 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2724 2327 ual to. '$#'\n-00012ae0: 2e20 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2030 2c20 . If 'n' is 0, \n-00012af0: 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 no parameters ar\n-00012b00: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 2027 e changed. If '\n-00012b10: 6e27 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 n' is not. g\n-00012b20: 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 iven, it is assu\n-00012b30: 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 med to be 1. If\n-00012b40: 2027 6e27 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 'n' is greater \n-00012b50: 7468 616e 2027 2423 272c 2074 6865 0a20 than '$#', the. \n-00012b60: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 positional p\n-00012b70: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f arameters are no\n-00012b80: 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 t changed. The \n-00012b90: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-00012ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 . greater th\n-00012bb0: 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2027 6e27 2069 an zero if 'n' i\n-00012bc0: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2027 s greater than '\n-00012bd0: 2423 2720 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e $#' or less than\n-00012be0: 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 zero;. othe\n-00012bf0: 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rwise 0.....File\n-00012c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00012c10: 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 de: Shell-like s\n-00012c20: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 cripting-Footnot\n-00012c30: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c es, Up: Shell-l\n-00012c40: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 ike scripting.. \n-00012c50: 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 (1) Currently \n-00012c60: 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c a backslash-newl\n-00012c70: 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 ine pair within \n-00012c80: 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 a variable name \n-00012c90: 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 is not.handled p\n-00012ca0: 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 roperly, so use \n-00012cb0: 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 this feature wit\n-00012cc0: 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a h some care.....\n-00012cd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00012ce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f Node: Multi-bo\n-00012cf0: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-00012d00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 , Next: Embedde\n-00012d10: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c d configuration,\n-00012d20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 Prev: Shell-li\n-00012d30: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ke scripting, U\n-00012d40: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-00012d50: 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 ..6.4 Multi-boot\n-00012d60: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d manual config.=\n+00010d50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00010d60: 0a27 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6973 2077 .'grub.cfg' is w\n+00010d70: 7269 7474 656e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 ritten in GRUB's\n+00010d80: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7363 7269 7074 built-in script\n+00010d90: 696e 6720 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2c20 7768 ing language, wh\n+00010da0: 6963 6820 6861 7320 610a 7379 6e74 6178 ich has a.syntax\n+00010db0: 2071 7569 7465 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 quite similar t\n+00010dc0: 6f20 7468 6174 206f 6620 474e 5520 4261 o that of GNU Ba\n+00010dd0: 7368 2061 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2042 6f75 sh and other Bou\n+00010de0: 726e 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 6465 7269 7661 rne shell.deriva\n+00010df0: 7469 7665 732e 0a0a 576f 7264 730a 3d3d tives...Words.==\n+00010e00: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 776f 7264 2220 6973 ===..A \"word\" is\n+00010e10: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2063 a sequence of c\n+00010e20: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 636f 6e73 6964 haracters consid\n+00010e30: 6572 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 ered as a single\n+00010e40: 2075 6e69 7420 6279 0a47 5255 422e 2057 unit by.GRUB. W\n+00010e50: 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 ords are separat\n+00010e60: 6564 2062 7920 226d 6574 6163 6861 7261 ed by \"metachara\n+00010e70: 6374 6572 7322 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 cters\", which ar\n+00010e80: 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a e the following.\n+00010e90: 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c plus space, tab,\n+00010ea0: 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 and newline:.. \n+00010eb0: 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 { } | & $ ; \n+00010ec0: 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 < >.. Quoting \n+00010ed0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 may be used to i\n+00010ee0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 nclude metachara\n+00010ef0: 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 cters in words; \n+00010f00: 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 see below...Rese\n+00010f10: 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d rved words.=====\n+00010f20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 =========..Reser\n+00010f30: 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 ved words have a\n+00010f40: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00010f50: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f to GRUB. The fo\n+00010f60: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 llowing words ar\n+00010f70: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 e.recognised as \n+00010f80: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e reserved when un\n+00010f90: 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 quoted and eithe\n+00010fa0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 r the first word\n+00010fb0: 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a.simple com\n+00010fc0: 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 mand or the thir\n+00010fd0: 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 2766 6f72 d word of a 'for\n+00010fe0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 ' command:.. \n+00010ff0: 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 ! [[ ]] { }. \n+00011000: 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 case do done e\n+00011010: 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 lif else esac fi\n+00011020: 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 for function. \n+00011030: 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 if in menuent\n+00011040: 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 ry select then t\n+00011050: 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a ime until while.\n+00011060: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 . Not all of t\n+00011070: 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f hese reserved wo\n+00011080: 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 rds have a usefu\n+00011090: 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 l purpose yet; s\n+000110a0: 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 ome are.reserved\n+000110b0: 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 for future expa\n+000110c0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a nsion...Quoting.\n+000110d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 =======..Quoting\n+000110e0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f is used to remo\n+000110f0: 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d ve the special m\n+00011100: 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 eaning of certai\n+00011110: 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a n characters or.\n+00011120: 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 words. It can b\n+00011130: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 e used to treat \n+00011140: 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 metacharacters a\n+00011150: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 s part of a word\n+00011160: 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 , to.prevent res\n+00011170: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d erved words from\n+00011180: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 being recognise\n+00011190: 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 d as such, and t\n+000111a0: 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 o prevent.variab\n+000111b0: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 le expansion... \n+000111c0: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 There are thre\n+000111d0: 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e e quoting mechan\n+000111e0: 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 isms: the escape\n+000111f0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 character, sing\n+00011200: 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 le.quotes, and d\n+00011210: 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 ouble quotes... \n+00011220: 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 A non-quoted b\n+00011230: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 ackslash (\\) is \n+00011240: 7468 6520 2265 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 the \"escape char\n+00011250: 6163 7465 7222 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 acter\". It pres\n+00011260: 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 erves.the litera\n+00011270: 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e l value of the n\n+00011280: 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 ext character th\n+00011290: 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 at follows, with\n+000112a0: 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f the exception.o\n+000112b0: 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 f newline... E\n+000112c0: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 nclosing charact\n+000112d0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 ers in single qu\n+000112e0: 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 otes preserves t\n+000112f0: 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 he literal value\n+00011300: 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 of.each charact\n+00011310: 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 er within the qu\n+00011320: 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 otes. A single \n+00011330: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 quote may not oc\n+00011340: 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 cur between.sing\n+00011350: 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 le quotes, even \n+00011360: 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 when preceded by\n+00011370: 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 a backslash... \n+00011380: 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 Enclosing char\n+00011390: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 acters in double\n+000113a0: 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 quotes preserve\n+000113b0: 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 s the literal va\n+000113c0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 lue of.all chara\n+000113d0: 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 cters within the\n+000113e0: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 quotes, with th\n+000113f0: 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 e exception of '\n+00011400: 2427 2061 6e64 2027 5c27 2e0a 5468 6520 $' and '\\'..The \n+00011410: 2724 2720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 '$' character re\n+00011420: 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 tains its specia\n+00011430: 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e l meaning within\n+00011440: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 double quotes. \n+00011450: 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2072 The.backslash r\n+00011460: 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 7065 6369 etains its speci\n+00011470: 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 al meaning only \n+00011480: 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 when followed by\n+00011490: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a 666f 6c6c one of the.foll\n+000114a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 owing characters\n+000114b0: 3a20 2724 272c 2027 2227 2c20 275c 272c : '$', '\"', '\\',\n+000114c0: 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4120 or newline. A \n+000114d0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+000114e0: 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 e.pair is treate\n+000114f0: 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f 6e74 d as a line cont\n+00011500: 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 2069 inuation (that i\n+00011510: 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 6564 s, it is removed\n+00011520: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 7420 from the.input \n+00011530: 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 6563 stream and effec\n+00011540: 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2831 tively ignored(1\n+00011550: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c ) (*note Shell-l\n+00011560: 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d 466f ike.scripting-Fo\n+00011570: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 2041 otnote-1::)). A\n+00011580: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 double quote ma\n+00011590: 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 y be quoted with\n+000115a0: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 in double.quotes\n+000115b0: 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 by preceding it\n+000115c0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 with a backslas\n+000115d0: 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 h...Variable exp\n+000115e0: 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ansion.=========\n+000115f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2027 =========..The '\n+00011600: 2427 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 $' character int\n+00011610: 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 roduces variable\n+00011620: 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 expansion. The\n+00011630: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 variable name t\n+00011640: 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 o.be expanded ma\n+00011650: 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e y be enclosed in\n+00011660: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 braces, which a\n+00011670: 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 re optional but \n+00011680: 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 serve to.protect\n+00011690: 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f the variable to\n+000116a0: 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f be expanded fro\n+000116b0: 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d m characters imm\n+000116c0: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ediately.followi\n+000116d0: 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c ng it which coul\n+000116e0: 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 d be interpreted\n+000116f0: 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 as part of the \n+00011700: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c name... Normal\n+00011710: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n+00011720: 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c begin with an al\n+00011730: 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 phabetic charact\n+00011740: 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a er, followed by.\n+00011750: 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 zero or more alp\n+00011760: 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 hanumeric charac\n+00011770: 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d ters. These nam\n+00011780: 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 es refer to entr\n+00011790: 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 ies in.the GRUB \n+000117a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f environment (*no\n+000117b0: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a te Environment::\n+000117c0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 )... Positiona\n+000117d0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 l variable names\n+000117e0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 consist of one \n+000117f0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 or more digits. \n+00011800: 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 They.represent \n+00011810: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 parameters passe\n+00011820: 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 d to function ca\n+00011830: 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 2724 3127 2072 lls, with '$1' r\n+00011840: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 epresenting.the \n+00011850: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c first parameter,\n+00011860: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 and so on... \n+00011870: 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 The special vari\n+00011880: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 273f 2720 6578 able name '?' ex\n+00011890: 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 pands to the exi\n+000118a0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+000118b0: 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 most.recently ex\n+000118c0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 ecuted command. \n+000118d0: 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c When positional\n+000118e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n+000118f0: 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 are active,.othe\n+00011900: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 r special variab\n+00011910: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2027 4027 2c20 272a le names '@', '*\n+00011920: 2720 616e 6420 2723 2720 6172 6520 6465 ' and '#' are de\n+00011930: 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 fined and they.e\n+00011940: 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 xpand to all pos\n+00011950: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n+00011960: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rs with necessar\n+00011970: 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 y quoting, posit\n+00011980: 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional.parameters\n+00011990: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f without any quo\n+000119a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 ting, and positi\n+000119b0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 onal parameter c\n+000119c0: 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ount.respectivel\n+000119d0: 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d y...Comments.===\n+000119e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 =====..A word be\n+000119f0: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2327 ginning with '#'\n+00011a00: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 causes that wor\n+00011a10: 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e d and all remain\n+00011a20: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f ing characters.o\n+00011a30: 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 n that line to b\n+00011a40: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 e ignored...Simp\n+00011a50: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d le commands.====\n+00011a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 ===========..A \"\n+00011a70: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2220 simple command\" \n+00011a80: 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 is a sequence of\n+00011a90: 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 words separated\n+00011aa0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 by spaces or ta\n+00011ab0: 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 bs.and terminate\n+00011ac0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e d by a semicolon\n+00011ad0: 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 or a newline. \n+00011ae0: 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 The first word s\n+00011af0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d pecifies.the com\n+00011b00: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 mand to be execu\n+00011b10: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e ted. The remain\n+00011b20: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 ing words are pa\n+00011b30: 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ssed as argument\n+00011b40: 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 s.to the invoked\n+00011b50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 command... Th\n+00011b60: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f e return value o\n+00011b70: 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a simple comma\n+00011b80: 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 nd is its exit s\n+00011b90: 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 tatus. If the.r\n+00011ba0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 2027 2127 eserved word '!'\n+00011bb0: 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f precedes the co\n+00011bc0: 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 mmand, then the \n+00011bd0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00011be0: 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 instead.the logi\n+00011bf0: 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal negation of \n+00011c00: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 the command's ex\n+00011c10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 it status...Comp\n+00011c20: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ound commands.==\n+00011c30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00011c40: 0a41 2022 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d .A \"compound com\n+00011c50: 6d61 6e64 2220 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 mand\" is one of \n+00011c60: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+00011c70: 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 for NAME in WORD\n+00011c80: 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 ...; do LIST; d\n+00011c90: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 one. The lis\n+00011ca0: 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f t of words follo\n+00011cb0: 7769 6e67 2027 696e 2720 6973 2065 7870 wing 'in' is exp\n+00011cc0: 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e anded, generatin\n+00011cd0: 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 g a list of. \n+00011ce0: 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 items. The var\n+00011cf0: 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 iable NAME is se\n+00011d00: 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e t to each elemen\n+00011d10: 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 t of this list i\n+00011d20: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 n. turn, and\n+00011d30: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00011d40: 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 d each time. Th\n+00011d50: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n+00011d60: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s the exit. \n+00011d70: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n+00011d80: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 st command that \n+00011d90: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 executes. If th\n+00011da0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e expansion of t\n+00011db0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f he. items fo\n+00011dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2769 6e27 2072 6573 llowing 'in' res\n+00011dd0: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 ults in an empty\n+00011de0: 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e list, no comman\n+00011df0: 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 ds are. exec\n+00011e00: 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 uted, and the re\n+00011e10: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 turn status is 0\n+00011e20: 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e ...if LIST; then\n+00011e30: 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 LIST; [elif LIS\n+00011e40: 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e T; then LIST;] .\n+00011e50: 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 .. [else LIST;] \n+00011e60: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2769 6627 fi. The 'if'\n+00011e70: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00011e80: 642e 2020 4966 2069 7473 2065 7869 7420 d. If its exit \n+00011e90: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 status is zero, \n+00011ea0: 7468 6520 2774 6865 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 the 'then'. \n+00011eb0: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n+00011ec0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6561 . Otherwise, ea\n+00011ed0: 6368 2027 656c 6966 2720 4c49 5354 2069 ch 'elif' LIST i\n+00011ee0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 s executed in tu\n+00011ef0: 726e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 rn,. and if \n+00011f00: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n+00011f10: 6973 207a 6572 6f2c 2074 6865 2063 6f72 is zero, the cor\n+00011f20: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2027 7468 656e responding 'then\n+00011f30: 2720 4c49 5354 2069 730a 2020 2020 2065 ' LIST is. e\n+00011f40: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 xecuted and the \n+00011f50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 command complete\n+00011f60: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 s. Otherwise, t\n+00011f70: 6865 2027 656c 7365 2720 4c49 5354 2069 he 'else' LIST i\n+00011f80: 730a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c s. executed,\n+00011f90: 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 if present. Th\n+00011fa0: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 e exit status is\n+00011fb0: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n+00011fc0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 of the. las\n+00011fd0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 t command execut\n+00011fe0: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n+00011ff0: 6f20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e20 7465 7374 o condition test\n+00012000: 6564 2074 7275 652e 0a0a 7768 696c 6520 ed true...while \n+00012010: 434f 4e44 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 COND; do LIST; d\n+00012020: 6f6e 650a 756e 7469 6c20 434f 4e44 3b20 one.until COND; \n+00012030: 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 do LIST; done. \n+00012040: 2020 2054 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 2063 The 'while' c\n+00012050: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6f75 ommand continuou\n+00012060: 736c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 sly executes the\n+00012070: 2027 646f 2720 4c49 5354 2061 7320 6c6f 'do' LIST as lo\n+00012080: 6e67 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c ng as. the l\n+00012090: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2043 ast command in C\n+000120a0: 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 616e 2065 OND returns an e\n+000120b0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7a65 xit status of ze\n+000120c0: 726f 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2775 ro. The. 'u\n+000120d0: 6e74 696c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 ntil' command is\n+000120e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 identical to th\n+000120f0: 6520 2777 6869 6c65 2720 636f 6d6d 616e e 'while' comman\n+00012100: 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 0a20 d, except that. \n+00012110: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7465 7374 2069 7320 the test is \n+00012120: 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 2027 646f negated; the 'do\n+00012130: 2720 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 ' LIST is execut\n+00012140: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 ed as long as th\n+00012150: 6520 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d e last. comm\n+00012160: 616e 6420 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 and in COND retu\n+00012170: 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 rns a non-zero e\n+00012180: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 xit status. The\n+00012190: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 660a exit status of.\n+000121a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 the 'while'\n+000121b0: 2061 6e64 2027 756e 7469 6c27 2063 6f6d and 'until' com\n+000121c0: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 mands is the exi\n+000121d0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+000121e0: 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6f27 204c last. 'do' L\n+000121f0: 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 IST command exec\n+00012200: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n+00012210: 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 none was execut\n+00012220: 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 ed...function NA\n+00012230: 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e ME { COMMAND; ..\n+00012240: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 . }. This de\n+00012250: 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e fines a function\n+00012260: 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 named NAME. Th\n+00012270: 6520 2262 6f64 7922 206f 6620 7468 6520 e \"body\" of the \n+00012280: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 function is. \n+00012290: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d the list of com\n+000122a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 mands within bra\n+000122b0: 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ces, each of whi\n+000122c0: 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ch must be. \n+000122d0: 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 terminated with \n+000122e0: 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 a semicolon or a\n+000122f0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 newline. This \n+00012300: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n+00012310: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 . will be ex\n+00012320: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 ecuted whenever \n+00012330: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 NAME is specifie\n+00012340: 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 d as the name of\n+00012350: 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 a simple. c\n+00012360: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f ommand. Functio\n+00012370: 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f n definitions do\n+00012380: 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 not affect the \n+00012390: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 exit status in. \n+000123a0: 2020 2020 2724 3f27 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 '$?'. When \n+000123b0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n+000123c0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n+000123d0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n+000123e0: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n+000123f0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012400: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n+00012410: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n+00012420: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 272d 2d63 ntry TITLE ['--c\n+00012430: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 2720 2e2e 2e5d lass=class' ...]\n+00012440: 205b 272d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ['--users=users\n+00012450: 275d 205b 272d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 '] ['--unrestric\n+00012460: 7465 6427 5d20 5b27 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 ted'] ['--hotkey\n+00012470: 3d6b 6579 275d 205b 272d 2d69 643d 6964 =key'] ['--id=id\n+00012480: 275d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e '] { COMMAND; ..\n+00012490: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d . }. *Note m\n+000124a0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 enuentry::...Bui\n+000124b0: 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d lt-in Commands.=\n+000124c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000124d0: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ..Some built-in \n+000124e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 commands are als\n+000124f0: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 o provided by GR\n+00012500: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c UB script to hel\n+00012510: 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 p script.writers\n+00012520: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 perform actions\n+00012530: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 that are otherw\n+00012540: 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ise not possible\n+00012550: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00012560: 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f these include co\n+00012570: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f mmands to jump o\n+00012580: 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 ut of a loop wit\n+00012590: 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c hout fully compl\n+000125a0: 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a eting.it, etc...\n+000125b0: 6272 6561 6b20 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 break ['n']. \n+000125c0: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 Exit from withi\n+000125d0: 6e20 6120 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 696c n a 'for', 'whil\n+000125e0: 6527 2c20 6f72 2027 756e 7469 6c27 206c e', or 'until' l\n+000125f0: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 730a oop. If 'n' is.\n+00012600: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n+00012610: 6272 6561 6b20 276e 2720 6c65 7665 6c73 break 'n' levels\n+00012620: 2e20 2027 6e27 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 . 'n' must be g\n+00012630: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+00012640: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n+00012650: 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2067 7265 6174 If 'n' is great\n+00012660: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 er than the numb\n+00012670: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+00012680: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 loops, all. \n+00012690: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 enclosing loops \n+000126a0: 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 are exited. The\n+000126b0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 return value is\n+000126c0: 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 276e 2720 6973 0 unless 'n' is\n+000126d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 . not greate\n+000126e0: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n+000126f0: 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 to 1...continue \n+00012700: 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d ['n']. Resum\n+00012710: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 e the next itera\n+00012720: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c tion of the encl\n+00012730: 6f73 696e 6720 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 osing 'for', 'wh\n+00012740: 696c 6527 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 756e ile' or. 'un\n+00012750: 7469 6c27 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 til' loop. If '\n+00012760: 6e27 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c n' is specified,\n+00012770: 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 2027 resume at the '\n+00012780: 6e27 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 n'th enclosing. \n+00012790: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 2027 6e27 206d loop. 'n' m\n+000127a0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n+000127b0: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+000127c0: 312e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 6772 1. If 'n' is gr\n+000127d0: 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 eater. than \n+000127e0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n+000127f0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 closing loops, t\n+00012800: 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e he last enclosin\n+00012810: 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 g loop (the. \n+00012820: 2022 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c22 206c 6f6f \"top-level\" loo\n+00012830: 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 p) is resumed. \n+00012840: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+00012850: 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 2027 6e27 is 0 unless 'n'\n+00012860: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n+00012870: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+00012880: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n+00012890: 205b 276e 275d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 ['n']. Caus\n+000128a0: 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f es a function to\n+000128b0: 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 exit with the r\n+000128c0: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 eturn value spec\n+000128d0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2027 6e27 2e0a 2020 ified by 'n'.. \n+000128e0: 2020 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 206f 6d69 If 'n' is omi\n+000128f0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e tted, the return\n+00012900: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 status is that \n+00012910: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012920: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n+00012930: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f d in the functio\n+00012940: 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 n body. If used\n+00012950: 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 outside a funct\n+00012960: 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 ion the. ret\n+00012970: 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 urn status is fa\n+00012980: 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 lse...setparams \n+00012990: 5b27 6172 6727 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ['arg'] .... \n+000129a0: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n+000129b0: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n+000129c0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2431 tarting with '$1\n+000129d0: 2720 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ' with arguments\n+000129e0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 7365 7470 6172 to. 'setpar\n+000129f0: 616d 7327 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b 276e ams'...shift ['n\n+00012a00: 275d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 ']. The posi\n+00012a10: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n+00012a20: 7320 6672 6f6d 2027 6e27 2b31 202e 2e2e s from 'n'+1 ...\n+00012a30: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n+00012a40: 2724 3127 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 '$1'..... Pa\n+00012a50: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 rameters represe\n+00012a60: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 nted by the numb\n+00012a70: 6572 7320 2724 2327 2064 6f77 6e20 746f ers '$#' down to\n+00012a80: 2027 2423 272d 276e 272b 3120 6172 650a '$#'-'n'+1 are.\n+00012a90: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2027 6e27 unset. 'n'\n+00012aa0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e must be a non-n\n+00012ab0: 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c egative number l\n+00012ac0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n+00012ad0: 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2724 2327 2e20 l to. '$#'. \n+00012ae0: 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f If 'n' is 0, no\n+00012af0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n+00012b00: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 changed. If 'n'\n+00012b10: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n+00012b20: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n+00012b30: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 2027 d to be 1. If '\n+00012b40: 6e27 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 n' is greater th\n+00012b50: 616e 2027 2423 272c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 an '$#', the. \n+00012b60: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 positional par\n+00012b70: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ameters are not \n+00012b80: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 changed. The re\n+00012b90: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 turn status is. \n+00012ba0: 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e greater than\n+00012bb0: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 zero if 'n' is \n+00012bc0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2027 2423 greater than '$#\n+00012bd0: 2720 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a ' or less than z\n+00012be0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n+00012bf0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n+00012c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00012c10: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00012c20: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n+00012c30: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n+00012c40: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n+00012c50: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n+00012c60: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+00012c70: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n+00012c80: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n+00012c90: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n+00012ca0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n+00012cb0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n+00012cc0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n+00012cd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00012ce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+00012cf0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00012d00: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n+00012d10: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00012d20: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n+00012d30: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n+00012d40: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00012d50: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n+00012d60: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n 00012d70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00012d80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 ===========..Cur\n-00012d90: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 rently autogener\n-00012da0: 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c ating config fil\n-00012db0: 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f es for multi-boo\n-00012dc0: 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 t environments.d\n-00012dd0: 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f epends on os-pro\n-00012de0: 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 ber and has seve\n-00012df0: 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 ral shortcomings\n-00012e00: 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 . Due to that i\n-00012e10: 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 t is.disabled by\n-00012e20: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 default. It is\n-00012e30: 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 advised to use \n-00012e40: 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 the power of GRU\n-00012e50: 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 B syntax and.do \n-00012e60: 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 it yourself. A \n-00012e70: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 possible configu\n-00012e80: 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c ration is detail\n-00012e90: 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 ed here, feel fr\n-00012ea0: 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 ee to.adjust to \n-00012eb0: 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 your needs... \n-00012ec0: 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 First create a s\n-00012ed0: 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 eparate GRUB par\n-00012ee0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 tition, big enou\n-00012ef0: 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e gh to hold GRUB.\n-00012f00: 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c Some.of the fol\n-00012f10: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 lowing entries s\n-00012f20: 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 how how to load \n-00012f30: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 OS installer ima\n-00012f40: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 ges from this.sa\n-00012f50: 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f me partition, fo\n-00012f60: 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f r that you obvio\n-00012f70: 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b usly need to mak\n-00012f80: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 e the partition \n-00012f90: 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 large.enough to \n-00012fa0: 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 hold those image\n-00012fb0: 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e s as well. Moun\n-00012fc0: 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e t this partition\n-00012fd0: 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 on/mnt/boot.and\n-00012fe0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e disable GRUB in\n-00012ff0: 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 all OSes and ma\n-00013000: 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 nually install s\n-00013010: 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 elf-compiled lat\n-00013020: 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a est.GRUB with:..\n-00013030: 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 'grub-install\n-00013040: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n-00013050: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 y=/mnt/boot /dev\n-00013060: 2f73 6461 270a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c /sda'.. In all\n-00013070: 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c the OSes instal\n-00013080: 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 l GRUB tools but\n-00013090: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c disable install\n-000130a0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 ing GRUB in.boot\n-000130b0: 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c sector, so you'l\n-000130c0: 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 l have menu.lst \n-000130d0: 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 and grub.cfg ava\n-000130e0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a ilable for use..\n-000130f0: 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d Also disable os-\n-00013100: 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 prober use by se\n-00013110: 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2027 4752 5542 tting:.. 'GRUB\n-00013120: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 _DISABLE_OS_PROB\n-00013130: 4552 3d74 7275 6527 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 ER=true'.. in \n-00013140: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-00013150: 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 b.. Then write\n-00013160: 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e a grub.cfg (/mn\n-00013170: 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 t/boot/grub/grub\n-00013180: 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .cfg):... me\n-00013190: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n-000131a0: 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 g grub2\" {. \n-000131b0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 insmod xfs. \n-000131c0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-000131d0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-000131e0: 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS1 --hint hd0,m\n-000131f0: 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f sdos8. co\n-00013200: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n-00013210: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 rub/grub.cfg. \n-00013220: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n-00013230: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n-00013240: 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 ub2-legacy\" {. \n-00013250: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 insmod ext\n-00013260: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2. search\n-00013270: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013280: 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS2 --hint h\n-00013290: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos6. \n-000132a0: 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 legacy_configf\n-000132b0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d ile /boot/grub/m\n-000132c0: 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a enu.lst. }..\n-000132d0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-000132e0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 Windows XP\" {. \n-000132f0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 insmod ntf\n-00013300: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n-00013310: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013320: 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d bel WINDOWS_XP -\n-00013330: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 -hint hd0,msdos1\n-00013340: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n-00013350: 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ntldr. }.. \n-00013360: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n-00013370: 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 ndows 7\" {. \n-00013380: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 insmod ntfs. \n-00013390: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-000133a0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-000133b0: 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_7 --hin\n-000133c0: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos2. \n-000133d0: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 ntldr /boot\n-000133e0: 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 mgr. }.. \n-000133f0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 menuentry \"Free\n-00013400: 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD\" {. \n-00013410: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 insmod zfs\n-00013420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00013430: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00013440: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f t --label freepo\n-00013450: 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 ol --hint hd0,ms\n-00013460: 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos7. \n-00013470: 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 kfreebsd /fr\n-00013480: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-00013490: 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 el/kernel. \n-000134a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n-000134b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n-000134c0: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-000134d0: 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b el/opensolaris.k\n-000134e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-000134f0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00013500: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n-00013510: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b oot/kernel/zfs.k\n-00013520: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00013530: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00013540: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00013550: 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 zfs/zpool.cache \n-00013560: 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a type=/boot/zfs/z\n-00013570: 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 pool.cache. \n-00013580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n-00013590: 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e reeBSD.vfs.root.\n-000135a0: 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 mountfrom=zfs:fr\n-000135b0: 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 eepool/freebsd. \n-000135c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000135d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 t kFreeBSD.hw.ps\n-000135e0: 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 m.synaptics_supp\n-000135f0: 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ort=1. }.. \n-00013600: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 menuentry \"ex\n-00013610: 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 perimental GRUB\"\n-00013620: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00013630: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00013640: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n-00013650: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00013660: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n-00013670: 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 multiboot /exp\n-00013680: 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 erimental/grub/i\n-00013690: 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 386-pc/core.img.\n-000136a0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000136b0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 uentry \"Fedora 1\n-000136c0: 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 6 installer\" {. \n-000136d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000136e0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-000136f0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n-00013700: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n-00013710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n-00013720: 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 nux /fedora/vmli\n-00013730: 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b nuz lang=en_US k\n-00013740: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n-00013750: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n-00013760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n-00013770: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n-00013780: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n-00013790: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n-000137a0: 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 dora rawhide ins\n-000137b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n-000137c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n-000137d0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-000137e0: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n-000137f0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n-00013800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n-00013810: 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 fedora/vmlinuz r\n-00013820: 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 epo=ftp://mirror\n-00013830: 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f .switch.ch/mirro\n-00013840: 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 r/fedora/linux/d\n-00013850: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 evelopment/rawhi\n-00013860: 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 de/x86_64 lang=e\n-00013870: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n-00013880: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n-00013890: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n-000138a0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n-000138b0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n-000138c0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-000138d0: 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 ry \"Debian sid i\n-000138e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n-000138f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-00013900: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-00013910: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n-00013920: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00013930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-00013940: 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 /debian/dists/s\n-00013950: 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 id/main/installe\n-00013960: 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f r-amd64/current/\n-00013970: 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f images/hd-media/\n-00013980: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 vmlinuz. \n-00013990: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 initrd /d\n-000139a0: 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f ebian/dists/sid/\n-000139b0: 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 main/installer-a\n-000139c0: 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 md64/current/ima\n-000139d0: 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 ges/hd-media/ini\n-000139e0: 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a trd.gz. }...\n-000139f0: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 202a 2041 Notes:. * A\n-00013a00: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 rgument to searc\n-00013a10: 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 h after -label i\n-00013a20: 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 s FS LABEL. You \n-00013a30: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 can also use UUI\n-00013a40: 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 Ds. with -fs\n-00013a50: 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 -uuid UUID inste\n-00013a60: 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 ad of -label LAB\n-00013a70: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c EL. You could al\n-00013a80: 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 so use. dire\n-00013a90: 6374 2027 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 ct 'root=hd0,msd\n-00013aa0: 6f73 5827 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 osX' but this is\n-00013ab0: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n-00013ac0: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 due to device. \n-00013ad0: 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 name instabi\n-00013ae0: 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lity.....File: g\n-00013af0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00013b00: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n-00013b10: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n-00013b20: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-00013b30: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 l config, Up: C\n-00013b40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-00013b50: 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 5 Embedding a co\n-00013b60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00013b70: 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d into GRUB.=====\n+00012d80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n+00012d90: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n+00012da0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n+00012db0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n+00012dc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n+00012dd0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n+00012de0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n+00012df0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n+00012e00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n+00012e10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n+00012e20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n+00012e30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n+00012e40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n+00012e50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n+00012e60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n+00012e70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n+00012e80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n+00012e90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n+00012ea0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n+00012eb0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n+00012ec0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n+00012ed0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n+00012ee0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n+00012ef0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n+00012f00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n+00012f10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n+00012f20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n+00012f30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n+00012f40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n+00012f50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n+00012f60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n+00012f70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n+00012f80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n+00012f90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n+00012fa0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n+00012fb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n+00012fc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n+00012fd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n+00012fe0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n+00012ff0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n+00013000: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n+00013010: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n+00013020: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n+00013030: 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 'grub-install -\n+00013040: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00013050: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 /mnt/boot /dev/s\n+00013060: 6461 270a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 da'.. In all t\n+00013070: 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 he OSes install \n+00013080: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 GRUB tools but d\n+00013090: 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e isable installin\n+000130a0: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 g GRUB in.bootse\n+000130b0: 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 ctor, so you'll \n+000130c0: 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e have menu.lst an\n+000130d0: 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c d grub.cfg avail\n+000130e0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c able for use..Al\n+000130f0: 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 so disable os-pr\n+00013100: 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 ober use by sett\n+00013110: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 ing:.. 'GRUB_D\n+00013120: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n+00013130: 3d74 7275 6527 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 =true'.. in /e\n+00013140: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a tc/default/grub.\n+00013150: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 . Then write a\n+00013160: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f grub.cfg (/mnt/\n+00013170: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013180: 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 fg):... menu\n+00013190: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n+000131a0: 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 grub2\" {. \n+000131b0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 insmod xfs. \n+000131c0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+000131d0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n+000131e0: 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 1 --hint hd0,msd\n+000131f0: 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 os8. conf\n+00013200: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n+00013210: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 b/grub.cfg. \n+00013220: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n+00013230: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n+00013240: 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2-legacy\" {. \n+00013250: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a insmod ext2.\n+00013260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013270: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013280: 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS2 --hint hd0\n+00013290: 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos6. \n+000132a0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n+000132b0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e e /boot/grub/men\n+000132c0: 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 u.lst. }.. \n+000132d0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n+000132e0: 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 ndows XP\" {. \n+000132f0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a insmod ntfs.\n+00013300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013310: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013320: 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 l WINDOWS_XP --h\n+00013330: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 int hd0,msdos1. \n+00013340: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 ntldr /nt\n+00013350: 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 ldr. }.. \n+00013360: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n+00013370: 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ows 7\" {. \n+00013380: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013390: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+000133a0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 t=root --label W\n+000133b0: 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 INDOWS_7 --hint \n+000133c0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos2. \n+000133d0: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 ntldr /bootmg\n+000133e0: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n+000133f0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 enuentry \"FreeBS\n+00013400: 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D\" {. \n+00013410: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 insmod zfs. \n+00013420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00013430: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00013440: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c --label freepool\n+00013450: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013460: 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s7. \n+00013470: 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 kfreebsd /free\n+00013480: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00013490: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /kernel. \n+000134a0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+000134b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+000134c0: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+000134d0: 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a /opensolaris.ko.\n+000134e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000134f0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+00013500: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+00013510: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a t/kernel/zfs.ko.\n+00013520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+00013530: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f freebsd_module /\n+00013540: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 freebsd@/boot/zf\n+00013550: 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 s/zpool.cache ty\n+00013560: 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f pe=/boot/zfs/zpo\n+00013570: 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ol.cache. \n+00013580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n+00013590: 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f eBSD.vfs.root.mo\n+000135a0: 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 untfrom=zfs:free\n+000135b0: 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 pool/freebsd. \n+000135c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n+000135d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e kFreeBSD.hw.psm.\n+000135e0: 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 synaptics_suppor\n+000135f0: 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 t=1. }.. \n+00013600: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 menuentry \"expe\n+00013610: 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b rimental GRUB\" {\n+00013620: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00013630: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013640: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n+00013650: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n+00013660: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00013670: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 multiboot /exper\n+00013680: 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 imental/grub/i38\n+00013690: 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 6-pc/core.img. \n+000136a0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+000136b0: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 ntry \"Fedora 16 \n+000136c0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 installer\" {. \n+000136d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+000136e0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+000136f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n+00013700: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n+00013710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n+00013720: 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 x /fedora/vmlinu\n+00013730: 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 z lang=en_US key\n+00013740: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n+00013750: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n+00013760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n+00013770: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n+00013780: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n+00013790: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n+000137a0: 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 ra rawhide insta\n+000137b0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n+000137c0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+000137d0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+000137e0: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n+000137f0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n+00013800: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 linux /fe\n+00013810: 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 dora/vmlinuz rep\n+00013820: 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 o=ftp://mirror.s\n+00013830: 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f witch.ch/mirror/\n+00013840: 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 fedora/linux/dev\n+00013850: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 elopment/rawhide\n+00013860: 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f /x86_64 lang=en_\n+00013870: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n+00013880: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n+00013890: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000138a0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n+000138b0: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n+000138c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+000138d0: 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 \"Debian sid ins\n+000138e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n+000138f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n+00013900: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+00013910: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n+00013920: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n+00013930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n+00013940: 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 debian/dists/sid\n+00013950: 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d /main/installer-\n+00013960: 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d amd64/current/im\n+00013970: 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d ages/hd-media/vm\n+00013980: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linuz. \n+00013990: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 initrd /deb\n+000139a0: 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 ian/dists/sid/ma\n+000139b0: 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 in/installer-amd\n+000139c0: 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 64/current/image\n+000139d0: 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 s/hd-media/initr\n+000139e0: 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 d.gz. }... \n+000139f0: 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 202a 2041 7267 Notes:. * Arg\n+00013a00: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 ument to search \n+00013a10: 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 after -label is \n+00013a20: 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 FS LABEL. You ca\n+00013a30: 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 n also use UUIDs\n+00013a40: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 . with -fs-u\n+00013a50: 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 uid UUID instead\n+00013a60: 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c of -label LABEL\n+00013a70: 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f . You could also\n+00013a80: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 use. direct\n+00013a90: 2027 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 'root=hd0,msdos\n+00013aa0: 5827 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e X' but this is n\n+00013ab0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 ot recommended d\n+00013ac0: 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 ue to device. \n+00013ad0: 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 name instabili\n+00013ae0: 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ty.....File: gru\n+00013af0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 b.info, Node: E\n+00013b00: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+00013b10: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 ation, Prev: Mu\n+00013b20: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+00013b30: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e config, Up: Con\n+00013b40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 figuration..6.5 \n+00013b50: 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 Embedding a conf\n+00013b60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+00013b70: 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nto GRUB.=======\n 00013b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00013b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 =======..GRUB su\n-00013bb0: 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 pports embedding\n-00013bc0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00013bd0: 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 file directly i\n-00013be0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 nto the core.ima\n-00013bf0: 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 ge, so that it i\n-00013c00: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 s loaded before \n-00013c10: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 entering normal \n-00013c20: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 mode. This is.u\n-00013c30: 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 seful, for examp\n-00013c40: 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e le, when it is n\n-00013c50: 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 ot straightforwa\n-00013c60: 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 rd to find the r\n-00013c70: 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f eal.configuratio\n-00013c80: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 n file, or when \n-00013c90: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 you need to debu\n-00013ca0: 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 g problems with \n-00013cb0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c loading that.fil\n-00013cc0: 652e 2020 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c e. 'grub-instal\n-00013cd0: 6c27 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 l' uses this fea\n-00013ce0: 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 ture when it is \n-00013cf0: 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 not using BIOS d\n-00013d00: 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 isk.functions or\n-00013d10: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when installing\n-00013d20: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 to a different \n-00013d30: 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e disk from the on\n-00013d40: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a27 2f62 e containing.'/b\n-00013d50: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 272c 2069 6e20 7768 oot/grub', in wh\n-00013d60: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 ich case it need\n-00013d70: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 7365 s to use the 'se\n-00013d80: 6172 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a arch' command (*\n-00013d90: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 note.search::) t\n-00013da0: 6f20 6669 6e64 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 o find '/boot/gr\n-00013db0: 7562 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 ub'... To embe\n-00013dc0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n-00013dd0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 n file, use the \n-00013de0: 272d 6327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 '-c' option to '\n-00013df0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 272e 0a54 grub-mkimage'..T\n-00013e00: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 he file is copie\n-00013e10: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 d into the core \n-00013e20: 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 image, so it may\n-00013e30: 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 reside anywhere\n-00013e40: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 on the.file sys\n-00013e50: 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 tem, and may be \n-00013e60: 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 removed after ru\n-00013e70: 6e6e 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d nning 'grub-mkim\n-00013e80: 6167 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 age'... After \n-00013e90: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n-00013ea0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00013eb0: 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 (if any) is exec\n-00013ec0: 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a uted, GRUB will.\n-00013ed0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c load the 'normal\n-00013ee0: 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ' module (*note \n-00013ef0: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 normal::), which\n-00013f00: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 will then read \n-00013f10: 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 the real.configu\n-00013f20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d ration file from\n-00013f30: 2027 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 '$prefix/grub.c\n-00013f40: 6667 272e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f fg'. By this po\n-00013f50: 696e 742c 2074 6865 2027 726f 6f74 270a int, the 'root'.\n-00013f60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c variable will al\n-00013f70: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 so have been set\n-00013f80: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 to the root dev\n-00013f90: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 ice name. For e\n-00013fa0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2770 7265 6669 7827 xample,.'prefix'\n-00013fb0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n-00013fc0: 2027 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 '(hd0,1)/boot/g\n-00013fd0: 7275 6227 2c20 616e 6420 2772 6f6f 7427 rub', and 'root'\n-00013fe0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n-00013ff0: 0a27 6864 302c 3127 2e20 2054 6875 732c .'hd0,1'. Thus,\n-00014000: 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 in most cases, \n-00014010: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n-00014020: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014030: 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 only.needs to se\n-00014040: 7420 7468 6520 2770 7265 6669 7827 2061 t the 'prefix' a\n-00014050: 6e64 2027 726f 6f74 2720 7661 7269 6162 nd 'root' variab\n-00014060: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 les, and then dr\n-00014070: 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 op through to.GR\n-00014080: 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 UB's normal proc\n-00014090: 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 essing. A typic\n-000140a0: 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 al example of th\n-000140b0: 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 is might look li\n-000140c0: 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ke.this:.. s\n-000140d0: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 earch.fs_uuid 01\n-000140e0: 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 234567-89ab-cdef\n-000140f0: 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 -0123-456789abcd\n-00014100: 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ef root. set\n-00014110: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n-00014120: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 boot/grub.. (T\n-00014130: 6865 2027 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 he 'search_fs_uu\n-00014140: 6964 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 id' module must \n-00014150: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n-00014160: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f he core image fo\n-00014170: 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 r.this example t\n-00014180: 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 o work.).. In \n-00014190: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 more complex cas\n-000141a0: 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 es, it may be us\n-000141b0: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 eful to read oth\n-000141c0: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n-000141d0: 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 .files directly \n-000141e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 from the embedde\n-000141f0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n-00014200: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f file. This allo\n-00014210: 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 ws such.things a\n-00014220: 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 s reading files \n-00014230: 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 2027 6772 7562 not called 'grub\n-00014240: 2e63 6667 272c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e .cfg', or readin\n-00014250: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 g files from a.d\n-00014260: 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 irectory other t\n-00014270: 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 han that where G\n-00014280: 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d RUB's loadable m\n-00014290: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 odules are insta\n-000142a0: 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 lled..To do this\n-000142b0: 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 2763 , include the 'c\n-000142c0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2061 6e64 2027 onfigfile' and '\n-000142d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 normal' modules \n-000142e0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n-000142f0: 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 e, and embed a c\n-00014300: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014310: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e that uses the \n-00014320: 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2063 6f6d 'configfile' com\n-00014330: 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f mand.to load ano\n-00014340: 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 ther file. The \n-00014350: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n-00014360: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 e of this also r\n-00014370: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a 2765 6368 equires the.'ech\n-00014380: 6f27 2c20 2773 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 o', 'search_labe\n-00014390: 6c27 2c20 616e 6420 2774 6573 7427 206d l', and 'test' m\n-000143a0: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 odules to be inc\n-000143b0: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n-000143c0: 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 e.image:.. s\n-000143d0: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 earch.fs_label g\n-000143e0: 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 rub root. if\n-000143f0: 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 [ -e /boot/grub\n-00014400: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 /example/test1.c\n-00014410: 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 fg ]; then. \n-00014420: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n-00014430: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n-00014440: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 . config\n-00014450: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n-00014460: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 example/test1.cf\n-00014470: 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 g. else. \n-00014480: 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f if [ -e /bo\n-00014490: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n-000144a0: 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 test2.cfg ]; the\n-000144b0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 n. s\n-000144c0: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n-000144d0: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 )/boot/grub. \n-000144e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n-000144f0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 ile /boot/grub/e\n-00014500: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 xample/test2.cfg\n-00014510: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 . else. \n-00014520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n-00014530: 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 \"Could not find\n-00014540: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 an example conf\n-00014550: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 iguration file!\"\n-00014560: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 . fi. \n-00014570: 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 fi.. The emb\n-00014580: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-00014590: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 ion file may not\n-000145a0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e contain menu en\n-000145b0: 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 tries.directly, \n-000145c0: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 but may only rea\n-000145d0: 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 d them from else\n-000145e0: 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 2763 6f6e where using 'con\n-000145f0: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c figfile'.....Fil\n-00014600: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00014610: 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 ode: Theme file \n-00014620: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e format, Next: N\n-00014630: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 etwork, Prev: C\n-00014640: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 onfiguration, U\n-00014650: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 p: Top..7 Theme \n-00014660: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a file format.****\n-00014670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00014680: 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f .7.1 Introductio\n-00014690: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n-000146a0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 ==..The GRUB gra\n-000146b0: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 phical menu supp\n-000146c0: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 orts themes that\n-000146d0: 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 can customize t\n-000146e0: 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 he layout.and ap\n-000146f0: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 pearance of the \n-00014700: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n-00014710: 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f The theme is co\n-00014720: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 nfigured through\n-00014730: 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 a.plain text fi\n-00014740: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 le that specifie\n-00014750: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 s the layout of \n-00014760: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 the various GUI \n-00014770: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c components.(incl\n-00014780: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d uding the boot m\n-00014790: 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f enu, timeout pro\n-000147a0: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 gress bar, and t\n-000147b0: 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 ext messages) as\n-000147c0: 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 .well as the app\n-000147d0: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f earance using co\n-000147e0: 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 lors, fonts, and\n-000147f0: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c images. Exampl\n-00014800: 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 e is.available i\n-00014810: 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 n docs/example_t\n-00014820: 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 heme.txt..7.2 Th\n-00014830: 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d eme Elements.===\n-00014840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00014850: 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d .7.2.1 Colors.--\n-00014860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f ----------..Colo\n-00014870: 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 rs can be specif\n-00014880: 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 ied in several w\n-00014890: 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 202a 2048 544d 4c2d ays:.. * HTML-\n-000148a0: 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 style \"#RRGGBB\" \n-000148b0: 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 or \"#RGB\" format\n-000148c0: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a , where *R*, *G*\n-000148d0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 , and *B* are. \n-000148e0: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 hexadecimal d\n-000148f0: 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 igits (e.g., \"#8\n-00014900: 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 202a 2061 7320 899FF\"). * as \n-00014910: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 comma-separated \n-00014920: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 decimal RGB valu\n-00014930: 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 es (e.g., \"128, \n-00014940: 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 2a20 128, 255\"). * \n-00014950: 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f with \"SVG 1.0 co\n-00014960: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e lor names\" (e.g.\n-00014970: 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 , \"cornflowerblu\n-00014980: 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 e\") which must b\n-00014990: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e. specified\n-000149a0: 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a in lowercase...\n-000149b0: 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7.2.2 Fonts.----\n-000149c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e -------..The fon\n-000149d0: 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 ts GRUB uses \"PF\n-000149e0: 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 F2 font format\" \n-000149f0: 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 bitmap fonts. F\n-00014a00: 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 onts are.specifi\n-00014a10: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e ed with full fon\n-00014a20: 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e t names. Curren\n-00014a30: 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 tly there is no \n-00014a40: 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a provision for a.\n-00014a50: 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 preference list \n-00014a60: 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 of fonts, or der\n-00014a70: 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 iving one font f\n-00014a80: 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f rom another. Fo\n-00014a90: 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 nts are.loaded w\n-00014aa0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e ith the \"loadfon\n-00014ab0: 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 t\" command in GR\n-00014ac0: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f UB (*note loadfo\n-00014ad0: 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 nt::). To see.t\n-00014ae0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 he list of loade\n-00014af0: 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 d fonts, execute\n-00014b00: 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 the \"lsfonts\" c\n-00014b10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 ommand (*note.ls\n-00014b20: 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 fonts::). If th\n-00014b30: 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 ere are too many\n-00014b40: 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e fonts to fit on\n-00014b50: 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 screen, do \"set\n-00014b60: 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 .pager=1\" before\n-00014b70: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f executing \"lsfo\n-00014b80: 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f nts\"...7.2.3 Pro\n-00014b90: 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gress Bar.------\n-00014ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 ------------..Fi\n-00014bb0: 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 gure 7.1..Figure\n-00014bc0: 2037 2e32 0a0a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 7.2..Progress b\n-00014bd0: 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ars are used to \n-00014be0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 display the rema\n-00014bf0: 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 ining time befor\n-00014c00: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 e GRUB boots.the\n-00014c10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-00014c20: 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 try. To create \n-00014c30: 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 a progress bar t\n-00014c40: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 hat will display\n-00014c50: 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 the.remaining t\n-00014c60: 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d ime before autom\n-00014c70: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c atic boot, simpl\n-00014c80: 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 y create a \"prog\n-00014c90: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e ress_bar\".compon\n-00014ca0: 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 ent with the id \n-00014cb0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 \"__timeout__\". \n-00014cc0: 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 This indicates t\n-00014cd0: 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a o GRUB that the.\n-00014ce0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f progress bar sho\n-00014cf0: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 uld be updated a\n-00014d00: 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 s time passes, a\n-00014d10: 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 nd it should be \n-00014d20: 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 made.invisible i\n-00014d30: 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 f the countdown \n-00014d40: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f to automatic boo\n-00014d50: 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 t is interrupted\n-00014d60: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 by the user... \n-00014d70: 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 Progress bars \n-00014d80: 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 may optionally h\n-00014d90: 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 ave text display\n-00014da0: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 ed on them. Thi\n-00014db0: 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f s text.is contro\n-00014dc0: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lled by variable\n-00014dd0: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f \"text\" which co\n-00014de0: 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 ntains a printf \n-00014df0: 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 template with.th\n-00014e00: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 e only argument \n-00014e10: 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 %d is the number\n-00014e20: 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 of seconds rema\n-00014e30: 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ining. Addition\n-00014e40: 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c ally.special val\n-00014e50: 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f ues \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00014e60: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 TIFICATION_SHORT\n-00014e70: 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f @\",.\"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00014e80: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c TIFICATION_MIDDL\n-00014e90: 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e E@\", \"@TIMEOUT_N\n-00014ea0: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n-00014eb0: 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 @\" are.replaced \n-00014ec0: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e with standard an\n-00014ed0: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d d translated tem\n-00014ee0: 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 plates...7.2.4 C\n-00014ef0: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular Progress\n-00014f00: 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Indicator.-----\n+00013ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 =====..GRUB supp\n+00013bb0: 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 orts embedding a\n+00013bc0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00013bd0: 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 ile directly int\n+00013be0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 o the core.image\n+00013bf0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 , so that it is \n+00013c00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e loaded before en\n+00013c10: 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f tering normal mo\n+00013c20: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 de. This is.use\n+00013c30: 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ful, for example\n+00013c40: 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 , when it is not\n+00013c50: 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 straightforward\n+00013c60: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 to find the rea\n+00013c70: 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 l.configuration \n+00013c80: 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f file, or when yo\n+00013c90: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 u need to debug \n+00013ca0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f problems with lo\n+00013cb0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e ading that.file.\n+00013cc0: 2020 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 'grub-install'\n+00013cd0: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 uses this featu\n+00013ce0: 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f re when it is no\n+00013cf0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 t using BIOS dis\n+00013d00: 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 k.functions or w\n+00013d10: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 hen installing t\n+00013d20: 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 o a different di\n+00013d30: 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 sk from the one \n+00013d40: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a27 2f62 6f6f containing.'/boo\n+00013d50: 742f 6772 7562 272c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 t/grub', in whic\n+00013d60: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 h case it needs \n+00013d70: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 7365 6172 to use the 'sear\n+00013d80: 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ch' command (*no\n+00013d90: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 te.search::) to \n+00013da0: 6669 6e64 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 find '/boot/grub\n+00013db0: 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 '... To embed \n+00013dc0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+00013dd0: 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 272d file, use the '-\n+00013de0: 6327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 6772 c' option to 'gr\n+00013df0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 272e 0a54 6865 ub-mkimage'..The\n+00013e00: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 file is copied \n+00013e10: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n+00013e20: 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 age, so it may r\n+00013e30: 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f eside anywhere o\n+00013e40: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the.file syste\n+00013e50: 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 m, and may be re\n+00013e60: 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e moved after runn\n+00013e70: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 ing 'grub-mkimag\n+00013e80: 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 e'... After th\n+00013e90: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00013ea0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 guration file (i\n+00013eb0: 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 f any) is execut\n+00013ec0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f ed, GRUB will.lo\n+00013ed0: 6164 2074 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 ad the 'normal' \n+00013ee0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f module (*note no\n+00013ef0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 rmal::), which w\n+00013f00: 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 ill then read th\n+00013f10: 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e real.configura\n+00013f20: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 2027 tion file from '\n+00013f30: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n+00013f40: 272e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e '. By this poin\n+00013f50: 742c 2074 6865 2027 726f 6f74 270a 7661 t, the 'root'.va\n+00013f60: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f riable will also\n+00013f70: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 have been set t\n+00013f80: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n+00013f90: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e name. For exa\n+00013fa0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2770 7265 6669 7827 206d mple,.'prefix' m\n+00013fb0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 ight be set to '\n+00013fc0: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n+00013fd0: 6227 2c20 616e 6420 2772 6f6f 7427 206d b', and 'root' m\n+00013fe0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0a27 ight be set to.'\n+00013ff0: 6864 302c 3127 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 hd0,1'. Thus, i\n+00014000: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n most cases, th\n+00014010: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014020: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e guration file on\n+00014030: 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ly.needs to set \n+00014040: 7468 6520 2770 7265 6669 7827 2061 6e64 the 'prefix' and\n+00014050: 2027 726f 6f74 2720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 'root' variable\n+00014060: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 s, and then drop\n+00014070: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 through to.GRUB\n+00014080: 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 's normal proces\n+00014090: 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c sing. A typical\n+000140a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 example of this\n+000140b0: 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 might look like\n+000140c0: 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 .this:.. sea\n+000140d0: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 rch.fs_uuid 0123\n+000140e0: 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 4567-89ab-cdef-0\n+000140f0: 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 123-456789abcdef\n+00014100: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 root. set p\n+00014110: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n+00014120: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 ot/grub.. (The\n+00014130: 2027 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 'search_fs_uuid\n+00014140: 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 ' module must be\n+00014150: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n+00014160: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a core image for.\n+00014170: 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 this example to \n+00014180: 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f work.).. In mo\n+00014190: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 re complex cases\n+000141a0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 , it may be usef\n+000141b0: 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 ul to read other\n+000141c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n+000141d0: 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 iles directly fr\n+000141e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 om the embedded \n+000141f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014200: 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 le. This allows\n+00014210: 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 such.things as \n+00014220: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f reading files no\n+00014230: 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 2027 6772 7562 2e63 t called 'grub.c\n+00014240: 6667 272c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 fg', or reading \n+00014250: 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 files from a.dir\n+00014260: 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory other tha\n+00014270: 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 n that where GRU\n+00014280: 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 B's loadable mod\n+00014290: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ules are install\n+000142a0: 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 ed..To do this, \n+000142b0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 2763 6f6e include the 'con\n+000142c0: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6e6f figfile' and 'no\n+000142d0: 726d 616c 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e rmal' modules in\n+000142e0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c the core.image,\n+000142f0: 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e and embed a con\n+00014300: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014310: 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 2763 that uses the 'c\n+00014320: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 onfigfile' comma\n+00014330: 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 nd.to load anoth\n+00014340: 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f er file. The fo\n+00014350: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n+00014360: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 of this also req\n+00014370: 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a 2765 6368 6f27 uires the.'echo'\n+00014380: 2c20 2773 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6c27 , 'search_label'\n+00014390: 2c20 616e 6420 2774 6573 7427 206d 6f64 , and 'test' mod\n+000143a0: 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 ules to be inclu\n+000143b0: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a ded in the core.\n+000143c0: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 image:.. sea\n+000143d0: 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 rch.fs_label gru\n+000143e0: 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b b root. if [\n+000143f0: 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 -e /boot/grub/e\n+00014400: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 xample/test1.cfg\n+00014410: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n+00014420: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 set prefix=($r\n+00014430: 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 oot)/boot/grub. \n+00014440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n+00014450: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 le /boot/grub/ex\n+00014460: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a ample/test1.cfg.\n+00014470: 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00014480: 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 if [ -e /boot\n+00014490: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n+000144a0: 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a st2.cfg ]; then.\n+000144b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 set\n+000144c0: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n+000144d0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 boot/grub. \n+000144e0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c configfil\n+000144f0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00014500: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 mple/test2.cfg. \n+00014510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 else. \n+00014520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 echo \"\n+00014530: 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 Could not find a\n+00014540: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 n example config\n+00014550: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 uration file!\". \n+00014560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 fi. \n+00014570: 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 fi.. The embed\n+00014580: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+00014590: 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 n file may not c\n+000145a0: 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ontain menu entr\n+000145b0: 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 ies.directly, bu\n+000145c0: 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 t may only read \n+000145d0: 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 them from elsewh\n+000145e0: 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 2763 6f6e 6669 ere using 'confi\n+000145f0: 6766 696c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a gfile'.....File:\n+00014600: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00014610: 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f e: Theme file fo\n+00014620: 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 rmat, Next: Net\n+00014630: 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e work, Prev: Con\n+00014640: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a figuration, Up:\n+00014650: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 Top..7 Theme fi\n+00014660: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le format.******\n+00014670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 *************..7\n+00014680: 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a .1 Introduction.\n+00014690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000146a0: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ..The GRUB graph\n+000146b0: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 ical menu suppor\n+000146c0: 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 ts themes that c\n+000146d0: 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 an customize the\n+000146e0: 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 layout.and appe\n+000146f0: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 arance of the GR\n+00014700: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 UB boot menu. T\n+00014710: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 he theme is conf\n+00014720: 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 igured through a\n+00014730: 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 .plain text file\n+00014740: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 that specifies \n+00014750: 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 the layout of th\n+00014760: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f e various GUI co\n+00014770: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 mponents.(includ\n+00014780: 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e ing the boot men\n+00014790: 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 u, timeout progr\n+000147a0: 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 ess bar, and tex\n+000147b0: 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 t messages) as.w\n+000147c0: 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 ell as the appea\n+000147d0: 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f rance using colo\n+000147e0: 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 rs, fonts, and i\n+000147f0: 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 mages. Example \n+00014800: 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 is.available in \n+00014810: 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 docs/example_the\n+00014820: 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d me.txt..7.2 Them\n+00014830: 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d e Elements.=====\n+00014840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 =============..7\n+00014850: 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d .2.1 Colors.----\n+00014860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 --------..Colors\n+00014870: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n+00014880: 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 d in several way\n+00014890: 733a 0a0a 2020 202a 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 s:.. * HTML-st\n+000148a0: 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 yle \"#RRGGBB\" or\n+000148b0: 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 \"#RGB\" format, \n+000148c0: 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 where *R*, *G*, \n+000148d0: 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 and *B* are. \n+000148e0: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+000148f0: 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 its (e.g., \"#889\n+00014900: 3946 4622 290a 2020 202a 2061 7320 636f 9FF\"). * as co\n+00014910: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 mma-separated de\n+00014920: 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 cimal RGB values\n+00014930: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 (e.g., \"128, 12\n+00014940: 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 2a20 7769 8, 255\"). * wi\n+00014950: 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f th \"SVG 1.0 colo\n+00014960: 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 r names\" (e.g., \n+00014970: 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 \"cornflowerblue\"\n+00014980: 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a ) which must be.\n+00014990: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 specified i\n+000149a0: 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e n lowercase...7.\n+000149b0: 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 Fonts.------\n+000149c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 -----..The fonts\n+000149d0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 GRUB uses \"PFF2\n+000149e0: 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 font format\" bi\n+000149f0: 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e tmap fonts. Fon\n+00014a00: 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ts are.specified\n+00014a10: 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 with full font \n+00014a20: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c names. Currentl\n+00014a30: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 y there is no pr\n+00014a40: 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 ovision for a.pr\n+00014a50: 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 eference list of\n+00014a60: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 fonts, or deriv\n+00014a70: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f ing one font fro\n+00014a80: 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 m another. Font\n+00014a90: 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 s are.loaded wit\n+00014aa0: 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 h the \"loadfont\"\n+00014ab0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 command in GRUB\n+00014ac0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 (*note loadfont\n+00014ad0: 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 ::). To see.the\n+00014ae0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n+00014af0: 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 fonts, execute t\n+00014b00: 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d he \"lsfonts\" com\n+00014b10: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f mand (*note.lsfo\n+00014b20: 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 nts::). If ther\n+00014b30: 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 e are too many f\n+00014b40: 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 onts to fit on s\n+00014b50: 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 creen, do \"set.p\n+00014b60: 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 ager=1\" before e\n+00014b70: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 xecuting \"lsfont\n+00014b80: 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 s\"...7.2.3 Progr\n+00014b90: 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ess Bar.--------\n+00014ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 ----------..Figu\n+00014bb0: 7265 2037 2e31 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 re 7.1..Figure 7\n+00014bc0: 2e32 0a0a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 .2..Progress bar\n+00014bd0: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n+00014be0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n+00014bf0: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n+00014c00: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n+00014c10: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+00014c20: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n+00014c30: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n+00014c40: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+00014c50: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n+00014c60: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n+00014c70: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n+00014c80: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n+00014c90: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n+00014ca0: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n+00014cb0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n+00014cc0: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n+00014cd0: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n+00014ce0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n+00014cf0: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n+00014d00: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n+00014d10: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n+00014d20: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n+00014d30: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n+00014d40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n+00014d50: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n+00014d60: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n+00014d70: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n+00014d80: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n+00014d90: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n+00014da0: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n+00014db0: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n+00014dc0: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n+00014dd0: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n+00014de0: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n+00014df0: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n+00014e00: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n+00014e10: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n+00014e20: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n+00014e30: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n+00014e40: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n+00014e50: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00014e60: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n+00014e70: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00014e80: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n+00014e90: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n+00014ea0: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n+00014eb0: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n+00014ec0: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n+00014ed0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n+00014ee0: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n+00014ef0: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n+00014f00: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n 00014f10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00014f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00014f30: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 e circular progr\n-00014f40: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 ess indicator fu\n-00014f50: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c nctions similarl\n-00014f60: 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 y to the progres\n-00014f70: 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 s bar..When give\n-00014f80: 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 n an id of \"__ti\n-00014f90: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 meout__\", GRUB u\n-00014fa0: 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 pdates the circu\n-00014fb0: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 lar progress.ind\n-00014fc0: 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 icator's value t\n-00014fd0: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 o indicate the t\n-00014fe0: 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 ime remaining. \n-00014ff0: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 For the circular\n-00015000: 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 .progress indica\n-00015010: 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 tor, there are t\n-00015020: 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 wo images used t\n-00015030: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 o render it: the\n-00015040: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c *center*.image,\n-00015050: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 and the *tick* \n-00015060: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 image. The cent\n-00015070: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 er image is rend\n-00015080: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 ered in the cent\n-00015090: 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er.of the compon\n-000150a0: 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 ent, while the t\n-000150b0: 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 ick image is use\n-000150c0: 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 d to render each\n-000150d0: 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 mark along.the \n-000150e0: 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 circumference of\n-000150f0: 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a the indicator..\n-00015100: 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d .7.2.5 Labels.--\n-00015110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 ----------..Text\n-00015120: 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 labels can be p\n-00015130: 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f laced on the boo\n-00015140: 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 t screen. The f\n-00015150: 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a ont, color, and.\n-00015160: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e horizontal align\n-00015170: 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 ment can be spec\n-00015180: 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 ified for labels\n-00015190: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 . If a label is\n-000151a0: 2067 6976 656e 0a74 6865 2069 6420 225f given.the id \"_\n-000151b0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222c 2074 6865 _timeout__\", the\n-000151c0: 6e20 7468 6520 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f n the \"text\" pro\n-000151d0: 7065 7274 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 206c perty for that l\n-000151e0: 6162 656c 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a75 7064 abel is also.upd\n-000151f0: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 7373 ated with a mess\n-00015200: 6167 6520 696e 666f 726d 696e 6720 7468 age informing th\n-00015210: 6520 7573 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e75 e user of the nu\n-00015220: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a mber of seconds.\n-00015230: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 756e 7469 6c20 remaining until \n-00015240: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 626f 6f74 2e20 automatic boot. \n-00015250: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 This is useful \n-00015260: 696e 2063 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 6e74 in case you want\n-00015270: 2074 6865 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 the.text displa\n-00015280: 7965 6420 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 656c yed somewhere el\n-00015290: 7365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6469 se instead of di\n-000152a0: 7265 6374 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 rectly on the pr\n-000152b0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 ogress bar...7.2\n-000152c0: 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d .6 Boot Menu.---\n-000152d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-000152e0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 6572 e boot menu wher\n-000152f0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 e GRUB displays \n-00015300: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 the menu entries\n-00015310: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 622e from the \"grub.\n-00015320: 6366 6722 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 2069 cfg\".file. It i\n-00015330: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d s a list of item\n-00015340: 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 s, where each it\n-00015350: 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 em has a title a\n-00015360: 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 nd an.optional i\n-00015370: 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 con. The icon i\n-00015380: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 s selected based\n-00015390: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 on the *classes\n-000153a0: 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 * specified.for \n-000153b0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 the menu entry. \n-000153c0: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 If there is a P\n-000153d0: 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d NG file named \"m\n-000153e0: 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 yclass.png\" in t\n-000153f0: 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f he.\"grub/themes/\n-00015400: 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 icons\" directory\n-00015410: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 , it will be dis\n-00015420: 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 played for items\n-00015430: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 which have.the \n-00015440: 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e class *myclass*.\n-00015450: 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 The boot menu \n-00015460: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 can be customize\n-00015470: 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 d in several way\n-00015480: 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 s,.such as the f\n-00015490: 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 ont and color us\n-000154a0: 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ed for the menu \n-000154b0: 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 entry title, and\n-000154c0: 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 by.specifying s\n-000154d0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 tyled boxes for \n-000154e0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 the menu itself \n-000154f0: 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 and for the sele\n-00015500: 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 cted item.highli\n-00015510: 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c ght...7.2.7 Styl\n-00015520: 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ed Boxes.-------\n-00015530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 -----------..One\n-00015540: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 of the most imp\n-00015550: 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 ortant features \n-00015560: 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 for customizing \n-00015570: 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 the layout is th\n-00015580: 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 e use.of *styled\n-00015590: 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c boxes*. A styl\n-000155a0: 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 ed box is compos\n-000155b0: 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 ed of 9 rectangu\n-000155c0: 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 lar (and.potenti\n-000155d0: 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 ally empty) regi\n-000155e0: 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 ons, which are u\n-000155f0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c sed to seamlessl\n-00015600: 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 y draw the style\n-00015610: 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a d.box on screen:\n-00015620: 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 ..Northwest (nw)\n-00015630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 North (\n-00015640: 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n) \n-00015650: 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 Northeast (ne).W\n-00015660: 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (w) \n-00015670: 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 Center (c)\n-00015680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 Eas\n-00015690: 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 t (e).Southwest \n-000156a0: 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 (sw) Sou\n-000156b0: 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (s) \n-000156c0: 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 Southeast (s\n-000156d0: 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 e).. To suppor\n-000156e0: 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f t any size of bo\n-000156f0: 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 x on screen, the\n-00015700: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e center slice an\n-00015710: 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 d the slices.for\n-00015720: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d the top, bottom\n-00015730: 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 , and sides are \n-00015740: 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 all scaled to th\n-00015750: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 e correct size f\n-00015760: 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 or.the component\n-00015770: 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e on screen, usin\n-00015780: 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 g the following \n-00015790: 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 rules:.. 1. The\n-000157a0: 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f edge slices (no\n-000157b0: 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 rth, south, east\n-000157c0: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 , and west) are \n-000157d0: 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 scaled in the. \n-000157e0: 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 direction of \n-000157f0: 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 the edge they ar\n-00015800: 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 e adjacent to. \n-00015810: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 For instance, th\n-00015820: 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 e west. slic\n-00015830: 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 e is scaled vert\n-00015840: 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 ically.. 2. 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As an e\n-00015900: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e xample of how an\n-00015910: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 image might be \n-00015920: 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 sliced up, consi\n-00015930: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 der the styled.b\n-00015940: 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 ox used for a te\n-00015950: 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 rminal view...Fi\n-00015960: 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e 3820 gure 7.3..7.2.8 \n-00015970: 4372 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 6420 Creating Styled \n-00015980: 426f 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Box Images.-----\n+00014f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n+00014f30: 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 circular progres\n+00014f40: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 s indicator func\n+00014f50: 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 tions similarly \n+00014f60: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 to the progress \n+00014f70: 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 bar..When given \n+00014f80: 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 an id of \"__time\n+00014f90: 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 out__\", GRUB upd\n+00014fa0: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 ates the circula\n+00014fb0: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 r progress.indic\n+00014fc0: 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 ator's value to \n+00014fd0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d indicate the tim\n+00014fe0: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f e remaining. 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I\n+000153c0: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 f there is a PNG\n+000153d0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 file named \"myc\n+000153e0: 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 lass.png\" in the\n+000153f0: 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 .\"grub/themes/ic\n+00015400: 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 ons\" directory, \n+00015410: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c it will be displ\n+00015420: 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 ayed for items w\n+00015430: 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c hich have.the cl\n+00015440: 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 ass *myclass*. \n+00015450: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 The boot menu ca\n+00015460: 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 n be customized \n+00015470: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c in several ways,\n+00015480: 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e .such as the fon\n+00015490: 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 t and color used\n+000154a0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e for the menu en\n+000154b0: 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 try title, and b\n+000154c0: 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 y.specifying sty\n+000154d0: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 led boxes for th\n+000154e0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e e menu itself an\n+000154f0: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 d for the select\n+00015500: 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ed item.highligh\n+00015510: 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 t...7.2.7 Styled\n+00015520: 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Boxes.---------\n+00015530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f ---------..One o\n+00015540: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 f the most impor\n+00015550: 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f tant features fo\n+00015560: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 r customizing th\n+00015570: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 e layout is the \n+00015580: 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 use.of *styled b\n+00015590: 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 oxes*. A styled\n+000155a0: 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 box is composed\n+000155b0: 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 of 9 rectangula\n+000155c0: 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c r (and.potential\n+000155d0: 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e ly empty) region\n+000155e0: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 s, which are use\n+000155f0: 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 d to seamlessly \n+00015600: 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a draw the styled.\n+00015610: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a box on screen:..\n+00015620: 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 Northwest (nw) \n+00015630: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 North (n)\n+00015640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f No\n+00015650: 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 rtheast (ne).Wes\n+00015660: 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t (w) \n+00015670: 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 Center (c) \n+00015680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 East \n+00015690: 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 (e).Southwest (s\n+000156a0: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 w) South\n+000156b0: 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (s) \n+000156c0: 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 Southeast (se)\n+000156d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 .. To support \n+000156e0: 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 any size of box \n+000156f0: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 on screen, the c\n+00015700: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 enter slice and \n+00015710: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 the slices.for t\n+00015720: 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 he top, bottom, \n+00015730: 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c and sides are al\n+00015740: 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l scaled to the \n+00015750: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 correct size for\n+00015760: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f .the component o\n+00015770: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 n screen, using \n+00015780: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n+00015790: 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 les:.. 1. The e\n+000157a0: 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 dge slices (nort\n+000157b0: 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 h, south, east, \n+000157c0: 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 and west) are sc\n+000157d0: 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 aled in the. \n+000157e0: 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 direction of th\n+000157f0: 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 e edge they are \n+00015800: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f adjacent to. Fo\n+00015810: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 r instance, the \n+00015820: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 west. slice \n+00015830: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 is scaled vertic\n+00015840: 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 ally.. 2. The c\n+00015850: 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f orner slices (no\n+00015860: 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 rthwest, northea\n+00015870: 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 st, southeast, a\n+00015880: 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 nd southwest). \n+00015890: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 are not scale\n+000158a0: 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 d.. 3. The cent\n+000158b0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c er slice is scal\n+000158c0: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 ed to fill the r\n+000158d0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 emaining space i\n+000158e0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c n the. middl\n+000158f0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 e... As an exa\n+00015900: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 mple of how an i\n+00015910: 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c mage might be sl\n+00015920: 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 iced up, conside\n+00015930: 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 r the styled.box\n+00015940: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d used for a term\n+00015950: 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 inal view...Figu\n+00015960: 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e 3820 4372 re 7.3..7.2.8 Cr\n+00015970: 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 6420 426f eating Styled Bo\n+00015980: 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x Images.-------\n 00015990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000159a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-000159b0: 2049 6e6b 7363 6170 655f 2073 6361 6c61 Inkscape_ scala\n-000159c0: 626c 6520 7665 6374 6f72 2067 7261 7068 ble vector graph\n-000159d0: 6963 7320 6564 6974 6f72 2069 7320 6120 ics editor is a \n-000159e0: 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 6f6c very useful tool\n-000159f0: 2066 6f72 0a63 7265 6174 696e 6720 7374 for.creating st\n-00015a00: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 6d61 6765 732e yled box images.\n-00015a10: 2020 4f6e 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7320 7468 One process th\n-00015a20: 6174 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 656c 6c20 666f at works well fo\n-00015a30: 7220 736c 6963 696e 6720 610a 6472 6177 r slicing a.draw\n-00015a40: 696e 6720 696e 746f 2074 6865 206e 6563 ing into the nec\n-00015a50: 6573 7361 7279 2069 6d61 6765 2073 6c69 essary image sli\n-00015a60: 6365 7320 6973 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4372 ces is:.. 1. Cr\n-00015a70: 6561 7465 206f 7220 6f70 656e 2074 6865 eate or open the\n-00015a80: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2079 6f75 2764 206c drawing you'd l\n-00015a90: 696b 6520 7573 652e 0a20 2032 2e20 4372 ike use.. 2. Cr\n-00015aa0: 6561 7465 2061 206e 6577 206c 6179 6572 eate a new layer\n-00015ab0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6f66 2074 on the top of t\n-00015ac0: 6865 206c 6179 6572 2073 7461 636b 2e20 he layer stack. \n-00015ad0: 204d 616b 6520 6974 2076 6973 6962 6c65 Make it visible\n-00015ae0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 .. Select th\n-00015af0: 6973 206c 6179 6572 2061 7320 7468 6520 is layer as the \n-00015b00: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 7965 722e 0a20 current layer.. \n-00015b10: 2033 2e20 4472 6177 2039 2072 6563 7461 3. Draw 9 recta\n-00015b20: 6e67 6c65 7320 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 ngles on your dr\n-00015b30: 6177 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 796f 7527 awing where you'\n-00015b40: 6420 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 d like the slice\n-00015b50: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2e20 2043 s to. be. C\n-00015b60: 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2066 696c 6c20 6f70 lear the fill op\n-00015b70: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 tion, and set th\n-00015b80: 6520 7374 726f 6b65 2074 6f20 3120 7069 e stroke to 1 pi\n-00015b90: 7865 6c20 7769 6465 0a20 2020 2020 736f xel wide. so\n-00015ba0: 6c69 6420 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2054 6865 lid stroke. The\n-00015bb0: 2063 6f72 6e65 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 corners of the \n-00015bc0: 736c 6963 6573 206d 7573 7420 6d65 6574 slices must meet\n-00015bd0: 2070 7265 6369 7365 6c79 3b20 6966 2069 precisely; if i\n-00015be0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f66 6620 6279 t. is off by\n-00015bf0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7069 7865 6c2c a single pixel,\n-00015c00: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c it will probabl\n-00015c10: 7920 6265 2065 7669 6465 6e74 2077 6865 y be evident whe\n-00015c20: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 n the. style\n-00015c30: 6420 626f 7820 6973 2072 656e 6465 7265 d box is rendere\n-00015c40: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 d in the GRUB me\n-00015c50: 6e75 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 nu. You should \n-00015c60: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2067 6f20 746f 0a20 probably go to. \n-00015c70: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 207c 2044 6f63 756d File | Docum\n-00015c80: 656e 7420 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 207c ent Properties |\n-00015c90: 2047 7269 6473 2061 6e64 2065 6e61 626c Grids and enabl\n-00015ca0: 6520 6120 6772 6964 206f 7220 6372 6561 e a grid or crea\n-00015cb0: 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6775 6964 6520 te a. guide \n-00015cc0: 2863 6c69 636b 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 (click on one of\n-00015cd0: 2074 6865 2072 756c 6572 7320 6e65 7874 the rulers next\n-00015ce0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 to the drawing \n-00015cf0: 616e 6420 6472 6167 206f 7665 720a 2020 and drag over. \n-00015d00: 2020 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 3b20 the drawing; \n-00015d10: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7573 release the mous\n-00015d20: 6520 6275 7474 6f6e 2074 6f20 706c 6163 e button to plac\n-00015d30: 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 6529 2074 6f20 e the guide) to \n-00015d40: 6865 6c70 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6163 6520 help. place \n-00015d50: 7468 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2070 the rectangles p\n-00015d60: 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2e0a 2020 342e 2052 recisely.. 4. 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Repeat\n-00015df0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2074 . this for t\n-00015e00: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2038 2072 he remaining 8 r\n-00015e10: 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732c 2067 6976 696e ectangles, givin\n-00015e20: 6720 7468 656d 2049 6420 7661 6c75 6573 g them Id values\n-00015e30: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2022 736c 6963 655f of. \"slice_\n-00015e40: 6e22 2c20 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 6522 2c20 n\", \"slice_ne\", \n-00015e50: 2273 6c69 6365 5f65 222c 2061 6e64 2073 \"slice_e\", and s\n-00015e60: 6f20 6f6e 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 o on according t\n-00015e70: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f63 6174 o the. locat\n-00015e80: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2035 2e20 5361 7665 2074 ion.. 5. Save t\n-00015e90: 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2e0a 2020 362e he drawing.. 6.\n-00015ea0: 2053 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 Select all the \n-00015eb0: 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 slice rectangles\n-00015ec0: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 736c 6963 . 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Crea\n+00015a70: 7465 206f 7220 6f70 656e 2074 6865 2064 te or open the d\n+00015a80: 7261 7769 6e67 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b rawing you'd lik\n+00015a90: 6520 7573 652e 0a20 2032 2e20 4372 6561 e use.. 2. Crea\n+00015aa0: 7465 2061 206e 6577 206c 6179 6572 206f te a new layer o\n+00015ab0: 6e20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6f66 2074 6865 n the top of the\n+00015ac0: 206c 6179 6572 2073 7461 636b 2e20 204d layer stack. M\n+00015ad0: 616b 6520 6974 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2e0a ake it visible..\n+00015ae0: 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6973 Select this\n+00015af0: 206c 6179 6572 2061 7320 7468 6520 6375 layer as the cu\n+00015b00: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 7965 722e 0a20 2033 rrent layer.. 3\n+00015b10: 2e20 4472 6177 2039 2072 6563 7461 6e67 . 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Left\n-000165f0: 2066 6f72 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 for backward. \n+000165b0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a compatibility..\n+000165c0: 6d65 7373 6167 652d 6267 2d63 6f6c 6f72 message-bg-color\n+000165d0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 Currently\n+000165e0: 2075 6e75 7365 642e 2020 4c65 6674 2066 unused. Left f\n+000165f0: 6f72 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 2020 or backward. \n 00016600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016610: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 compatibili\n-00016620: 7479 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 ty..desktop-imag\n-00016630: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 e Speci\n-00016640: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 fies the image t\n-00016650: 6f20 7573 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 o use as the. \n+00016610: 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 compatibility\n+00016620: 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 6520 ..desktop-image \n+00016630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n+00016640: 6573 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 es the image to \n+00016650: 7573 6520 6173 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 use as the. \n 00016660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016670: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 background. \n-00016680: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c It will be scal\n-00016690: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 650a 2020 ed to fit the. \n+00016670: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 2049 background. I\n+00016680: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 t will be scaled\n+00016690: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 to fit the. \n 000166a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000166b0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 screen size\n-000166c0: 206f 7220 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c or proportional\n-000166d0: 6c79 2073 6361 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 ly scaled. \n-000166e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000166f0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 depending on th\n-00016700: 6520 7363 616c 6520 6d65 7468 6f64 2e0a e scale method..\n-00016710: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 desktop-image-sc\n-00016720: 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 5370 6563 6966 ale-methodSpecif\n-00016730: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7363 616c 696e 6720 ies the scaling \n-00016740: 6d65 7468 6f64 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 method for the. \n+000166b0: 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 206f screen size o\n+000166c0: 7220 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 r proportionally\n+000166d0: 2073 6361 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 scaled. \n+000166e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+000166f0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 epending on the \n+00016700: 7363 616c 6520 6d65 7468 6f64 2e0a 6465 scale method..de\n+00016710: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c sktop-image-scal\n+00016720: 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 5370 6563 6966 6965 e-methodSpecifie\n+00016730: 7320 7468 6520 7363 616c 696e 6720 6d65 s the scaling me\n+00016740: 7468 6f64 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 thod for the. \n 00016750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016760: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n-00016770: 6d61 6765 2a2e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 mage*. 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Defaul\n-00016ac0: 7420 6973 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e0a t is \"stretch\"..\n-00016ad0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 682d desktop-image-h-\n-00016ae0: 616c 6967 6e20 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 align Specifies\n-00016af0: 2074 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 the horizontal \n-00016b00: 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 alignment of the\n-00016b10: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00016b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n-00016b30: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 -image* if. \n+00016aa0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2068 the screen h\n+00016ab0: 6569 6768 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 eight. Default \n+00016ac0: 6973 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e0a 6465 is \"stretch\"..de\n+00016ad0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 682d 616c sktop-image-h-al\n+00016ae0: 6967 6e20 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 ign Specifies t\n+00016af0: 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c he horizontal al\n+00016b00: 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ignment of the. \n+00016b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00016b20: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n+00016b30: 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mage* if. \n 00016b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016b50: 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 *desktop-image\n-00016b60: 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 642a 2069 -scale-method* i\n-00016b70: 736e 2774 2065 7175 6561 6c0a 2020 2020 sn't equeal. \n+00016b50: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 *desktop-image-s\n+00016b60: 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 642a 2069 736e cale-method* isn\n+00016b70: 2774 2065 7175 6561 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 't equeal. \n 00016b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016b90: 2020 2074 6f20 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e to \"stretch\".\n-00016ba0: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c Options are \"l\n-00016bb0: 6566 7422 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft\",. \n-00016bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 \"ce\n-00016bd0: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e20 nter\", \"right\". \n-00016be0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2263 656e Default is \"cen\n-00016bf0: 7465 7222 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d ter\"..desktop-im\n-00016c00: 6167 652d 762d 616c 6967 6e20 2053 7065 age-v-align Spe\n-00016c10: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2076 6572 7469 cifies the verti\n-00016c20: 6361 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 cal alignment of\n-00016c30: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00016c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 *des\n-00016c50: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 ktop-image* if. \n+00016b90: 2074 6f20 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 2020 to \"stretch\". \n+00016ba0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 Options are \"lef\n+00016bb0: 7422 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\",. \n+00016bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 \"cent\n+00016bd0: 6572 222c 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e20 2044 er\", \"right\". 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F\n-00016e40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 or example,. \n+00016d70: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 *desktop-image* \n+00016d80: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is not specified\n+00016d90: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d62 6f78 2020 ..terminal-box \n+00016da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n+00016db0: 6573 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 es the file name\n+00016dc0: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+00016dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00016de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 styled b\n+00016df0: 6f78 2073 6c69 6365 7320 7573 6564 2066 ox slices used f\n+00016e00: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 or the command. \n+00016e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00016e20: 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 line termi\n+00016e30: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e20 2046 6f72 nal window. For\n+00016e40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 example,. \n 00016e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016e60: 2020 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d62 6f78 \"terminal-box\n-00016e70: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 : terminal_*.png\n-00016e80: 2220 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 \" will use. \n+00016e60: 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d62 6f78 3a20 \"terminal-box: \n+00016e70: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 terminal_*.png\" \n+00016e80: 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will use. \n 00016e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016ea0: 2020 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 2022 7465 the images \"te\n-00016eb0: 726d 696e 616c 5f63 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 rminal_c.png\" as\n-00016ec0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 720a 2020 2020 the center. \n+00016ea0: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 2022 7465 726d the images \"term\n+00016eb0: 696e 616c 5f63 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 inal_c.png\" as t\n+00016ec0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 720a 2020 2020 2020 he center. \n 00016ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016ee0: 2020 2061 7265 612c 2022 7465 726d 696e area, \"termin\n-00016ef0: 616c 5f6e 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 al_n.png\" as the\n-00016f00: 206e 6f72 7468 2028 746f 7029 0a20 2020 north (top). \n+00016ee0: 2061 7265 612c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c area, \"terminal\n+00016ef0: 5f6e 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 206e _n.png\" as the n\n+00016f00: 6f72 7468 2028 746f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 orth (top). \n 00016f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016f20: 2020 2020 6564 6765 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 edge, \"termi\n-00016f30: 6e61 6c5f 6e77 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 nal_nw.png\" as t\n-00016f40: 6865 206e 6f72 7468 7765 7374 0a20 2020 he northwest. \n+00016f20: 2020 6564 6765 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 edge, \"termina\n+00016f30: 6c5f 6e77 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 l_nw.png\" as the\n+00016f40: 206e 6f72 7468 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 northwest. \n 00016f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016f60: 2020 2020 2875 7070 6572 206c 6566 7429 (upper left)\n-00016f70: 2063 6f72 6e65 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 corner, and so \n-00016f80: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 on. If the. \n+00016f60: 2020 2875 7070 6572 206c 6566 7429 2063 (upper left) c\n+00016f70: 6f72 6e65 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e orner, and so on\n+00016f80: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 . If the. \n 00016f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016fa0: 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 image for any\n-00016fb0: 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 666f slice is not fo\n-00016fc0: 756e 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 und, it will. \n+00016fa0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2073 image for any s\n+00016fb0: 6c69 6365 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e lice is not foun\n+00016fc0: 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 d, it will. \n 00016fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016fe0: 2020 2020 7369 6d70 6c79 2062 6520 6c65 simply be le\n-00016ff0: 6674 2065 6d70 7479 2e0a 7465 726d 696e ft empty..termin\n-00017000: 616c 2d62 6f72 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 al-border \n-00017010: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2062 Specifies the b\n-00017020: 6f72 6465 7220 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 order width of t\n-00017030: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n-00017050: 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 al window..termi\n-00017060: 6e61 6c2d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 nal-left \n-00017070: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n-00017080: 6c65 6674 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 left coordinate \n-00017090: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-000170a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-000170b0: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 rminal window..t\n-000170c0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 746f 7020 2020 2020 erminal-top \n-000170d0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-000170e0: 7468 6520 746f 7020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 the top coordina\n-000170f0: 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 te of the. \n-00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017110: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n-00017120: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d77 6964 7468 ..terminal-width\n-00017130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n-00017140: 6573 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 es the width of \n-00017150: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 the terminal. \n+00016fe0: 2020 7369 6d70 6c79 2062 6520 6c65 6674 simply be left\n+00016ff0: 2065 6d70 7479 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c empty..terminal\n+00017000: 2d62 6f72 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2053 -border S\n+00017010: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f72 pecifies the bor\n+00017020: 6465 7220 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 der width of the\n+00017030: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n+00017050: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n+00017060: 6c2d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-left \n+00017070: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c65 Specifies the le\n+00017080: 6674 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 ft coordinate of\n+00017090: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+000170a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n+000170b0: 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 inal window..ter\n+000170c0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 746f 7020 2020 2020 2020 minal-top \n+000170d0: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n+000170e0: 6520 746f 7020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 e top coordinate\n+000170f0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017110: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n+00017120: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d77 6964 7468 2020 terminal-width \n+00017130: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n+00017140: 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 the width of th\n+00017150: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 e terminal. \n 00017160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017170: 2020 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d window..term\n-00017180: 696e 616c 2d68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 inal-height \n-00017190: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-000171a0: 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 height of the t\n-000171b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 erminal. \n-000171c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n-000171d0: 696e 646f 772e 0a0a 372e 332e 3420 436f indow...7.3.4 Co\n-000171e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 436f 6e73 7472 7563 mponent Construc\n-000171f0: 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tion.-----------\n-00017200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017210: 2d0a 0a47 7265 6174 6572 2063 7573 746f -..Greater custo\n-00017220: 6d69 7a61 6269 6c69 7479 2063 6f6d 6573 mizability comes\n-00017230: 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 is provided by \n-00017240: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2041 2074 components. A t\n-00017250: 7265 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 ree of.component\n-00017260: 7320 666f 726d 7320 7468 6520 7573 6572 s forms the user\n-00017270: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 202a 436f interface. *Co\n-00017280: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2a20 6172 6520 636f ntainers* are co\n-00017290: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6861 740a 6361 mponents that.ca\n-000172a0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 n contain other \n-000172b0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 components, and \n-000172c0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 6c77 6179 7320 there is always \n-000172d0: 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2072 6f6f 740a 636f a single root.co\n-000172e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7768 6963 6820 6973 mponent which is\n-000172f0: 2061 6e20 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 an instance of \n-00017300: 6120 2a63 616e 7661 732a 2063 6f6e 7461 a *canvas* conta\n-00017310: 696e 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e iner... Compon\n-00017320: 656e 7473 2061 7265 2063 7265 6174 6564 ents are created\n-00017330: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 in the theme fi\n-00017340: 6c65 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 le by prefixing \n-00017350: 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 660a 636f 6d70 the type of.comp\n-00017360: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2061 2027 2b27 onent with a '+'\n-00017370: 2073 6967 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2027 202b 206c sign:.. ' + l\n-00017380: 6162 656c 207b 2074 6578 743d 2247 5255 abel { text=\"GRU\n-00017390: 4222 2066 6f6e 743d 2261 7175 6920 3131 B\" font=\"aqui 11\n-000173a0: 2220 636f 6c6f 723d 2223 3846 4622 207d \" color=\"#8FF\" }\n-000173b0: 2027 0a0a 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 '.. propertie\n-000173c0: 7320 6f66 2061 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 s of a component\n-000173d0: 2061 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 are specified a\n-000173e0: 7320 226e 616d 6520 3d20 7661 6c75 6522 s \"name = value\"\n-000173f0: 2028 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 0a73 7572 (whitespace.sur\n-00017400: 726f 756e 6469 6e67 2074 6f6b 656e 7320 rounding tokens \n-00017410: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 is optional and \n-00017420: 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2920 7768 6572 is ignored) wher\n-00017430: 6520 2a76 616c 7565 2a20 6d61 7920 6265 e *value* may be\n-00017440: 3a0a 2020 202a 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 :. * a single \n-00017450: 776f 7264 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2261 6c69 word (e.g., \"ali\n-00017460: 676e 203d 2063 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2263 gn = center\", \"c\n-00017470: 6f6c 6f72 203d 2023 4646 3830 3830 2229 olor = #FF8080\")\n-00017480: 2c0a 2020 202a 2061 2071 756f 7465 6420 ,. * a quoted \n-00017490: 7374 7269 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2274 string (e.g., \"t\n-000174a0: 6578 7420 3d20 2248 656c 6c6f 2c20 576f ext = \"Hello, Wo\n-000174b0: 726c 6421 2222 292c 206f 720a 2020 202a rld!\"\"), or. *\n-000174c0: 2061 2074 7570 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2c20 a tuple (e.g., \n-000174d0: 2270 7265 6665 7272 6564 5f73 697a 6520 \"preferred_size \n-000174e0: 3d20 2831 3230 2c20 3830 2922 292e 0a0a = (120, 80)\")...\n-000174f0: 372e 332e 3520 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7.3.5 Component \n-00017500: 4c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d List.-----------\n-00017510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 ---------..The f\n-00017520: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 ollowing is a li\n-00017530: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e st of the compon\n-00017540: 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 726f ents and the pro\n-00017550: 7065 7274 6965 7320 7468 6579 0a73 7570 perties they.sup\n-00017560: 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 6c61 6265 port... * labe\n-00017570: 6c20 4120 6c61 6265 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 l A label displa\n-00017580: 7973 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6578 ys a line of tex\n-00017590: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 t... Propert\n-000175a0: 6965 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 ies:. id \n-000175b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n-000175c0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n-000175d0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n-000175e0: 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 e elapsed. \n-000175f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n-00017600: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 an automatical \n-00017610: 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 boot of the defa\n-00017620: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 ult entry.. \n-00017630: 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 text T\n-00017640: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n-00017650: 6179 2e20 2049 6620 2269 6422 2069 7320 ay. If \"id\" is \n-00017660: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n-00017670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 \"__ti\n-00017680: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 meout__\" and no \n-00017690: 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 \"text\" property \n-000176a0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 is set then. \n-000176b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176c0: 7468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7365 the amount of se\n-000176d0: 636f 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 conds will be sh\n-000176e0: 6f77 6e2e 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f0a own. 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Example:. \n+00017c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017c80: 2020 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f66 7261 \"progress_fra\n+00017c90: 6d65 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 4966 2074 6865 me_*.png\" If the\n+00017ca0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 value is equal \n+00017cb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00017cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 \"highligh\n+00017cd0: 745f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f t_style\" then no\n+00017ce0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 styled boxes wi\n+00017cf0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n+00017d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e shown.\n+00017d10: 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f . highlight_\n+00017d20: 7374 796c 6554 6865 2073 7479 6c65 6420 styleThe styled \n+00017d30: 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f box specificatio\n+00017d40: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 n for the highli\n+00017d50: 6768 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ghted. \n+00017d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6769 6f6e region\n+00017d70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 of the progress\n+00017d80: 2062 6172 2e20 2054 6869 7320 626f 7820 bar. This box \n+00017d90: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6564 used\n+00017db0: 2074 6f20 7061 696e 7420 6a75 7374 2074 to paint just t\n+00017dc0: 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 2072 he highlighted r\n+00017dd0: 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 egion of the. \n 00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017df0: 2020 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c bar, and will\n-00017e00: 2062 6520 696e 6372 6561 7365 6420 696e be increased in\n-00017e10: 2073 697a 6520 6173 2074 6865 2062 6172 size as the bar\n-00017e20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 206e 6561 7273 2063 6f6d 706c nears compl\n-00017e40: 6574 696f 6e2e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a etion. Example:\n-00017e50: 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e \"progress_hl_*.\n-00017e60: 706e 6722 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 png\".. \n-00017e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 If the\n-00017e80: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 value is equal \n-00017e90: 746f 2022 6261 725f 7374 796c 6522 2074 to \"bar_style\" t\n-00017ea0: 6865 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 hen no. \n-00017eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 style\n-00017ec0: 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 d boxes will be \n-00017ed0: 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 shown.. high\n-00017ee0: 6c69 6768 745f 6f76 6572 6c61 7949 6620 light_overlayIf \n-00017ef0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 this option is s\n-00017f00: 6574 2074 6f20 2274 7275 6522 2074 6865 et to \"true\" the\n-00017f10: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n-00017f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 highli\n-00017f30: 6768 7420 626f 7820 7369 6465 2073 6c69 ght box side sli\n-00017f40: 6365 7320 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 ces (every slice\n-00017f50: 2065 7863 6570 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 except. \n-00017f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-00017f70: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 center slice) wi\n-00017f80: 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 2066 ll overlay the f\n-00017f90: 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rame box. \n-00017fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6964 sid\n-00017fb0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 e slices. And t\n-00017fc0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00017fd0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c highl\n-00017ff0: 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2063 616e 206d 6f76 ight box can mov\n-00018000: 6520 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7761 7920 2866 e all the way (f\n-00018010: 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 0a20 2020 2020 rom top to. \n-00018020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-00018030: 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 6720 6472 ottom), being dr\n-00018040: 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 awn on the cente\n-00018050: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n+00017df0: 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 bar, and will b\n+00017e00: 6520 696e 6372 6561 7365 6420 696e 2073 e increased in s\n+00017e10: 697a 6520 6173 2074 6865 2062 6172 0a20 ize as the bar. \n+00017e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017e30: 2020 206e 6561 7273 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 nears complet\n+00017e40: 696f 6e2e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 2022 ion. Example: \"\n+00017e50: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e progress_hl_*.pn\n+00017e60: 6722 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g\".. \n+00017e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 If the v\n+00017e80: 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f alue is equal to\n+00017e90: 2022 6261 725f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 \"bar_style\" the\n+00017ea0: 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no. \n+00017eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 styled \n+00017ec0: 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 boxes will be sh\n+00017ed0: 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 own.. highli\n+00017ee0: 6768 745f 6f76 6572 6c61 7949 6620 7468 ght_overlayIf th\n+00017ef0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n+00017f00: 2074 6f20 2274 7275 6522 2074 6865 6e20 to \"true\" then \n+00017f10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 highligh\n+00017f30: 7420 626f 7820 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 t box side slice\n+00017f40: 7320 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 s (every slice e\n+00017f50: 7863 6570 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xcept. \n+00017f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 the ce\n+00017f70: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c nter slice) will\n+00017f80: 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 2066 7261 overlay the fra\n+00017f90: 6d65 2062 6f78 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me box. \n+00017fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6964 6520 side \n+00017fb0: 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 6865 slices. And the\n+00017fc0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+00017fd0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 highlig\n+00017ff0: 6874 2062 6f78 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 ht box can move \n+00018000: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7761 7920 2866 726f all the way (fro\n+00018010: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m top to. \n+00018020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 bot\n+00018030: 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 6720 6472 6177 tom), being draw\n+00018040: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n on the center \n+00018050: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n 00018060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018070: 2020 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 frame box. T\n-00018080: 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 206d hat way we can m\n-00018090: 616b 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ake a progress b\n-000180a0: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar. \n-000180b0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e with roun\n-000180c0: 642d 7368 6170 6564 2065 6467 6573 2073 d-shaped edges s\n-000180d0: 6f20 7468 6572 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 o there won't be\n-000180e0: 2061 2066 7265 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a free. \n-000180f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 spac\n-00018100: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c e from the highl\n-00018110: 6967 6874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d ight to the fram\n-00018120: 6520 696e 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 e in top and. \n-00018130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018140: 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 bottom scrollba\n-00018150: 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 r positions. De\n-00018160: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 fault is \"false\"\n-00018170: 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 .. font \n-00018180: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n-00018190: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7072 6f67 7265 o use for progre\n-000181a0: 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 ss bar.. tex\n-000181b0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 t The \n-000181c0: 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 text to display \n-000181d0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 on the progress \n-000181e0: 6261 722e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 bar. If the. \n-000181f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018200: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 7227 7320 progress bar's \n-00018210: 4944 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f ID is set to \"__\n-00018220: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 0a20 timeout__\" and. \n+00018070: 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 frame box. Tha\n+00018080: 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 206d 616b t way we can mak\n+00018090: 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 e a progress bar\n+000180a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000180b0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d with round-\n+000180c0: 7368 6170 6564 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 shaped edges so \n+000180d0: 7468 6572 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 there won't be a\n+000180e0: 2066 7265 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n+000180f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 space \n+00018100: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 from the highlig\n+00018110: 6874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 ht to the frame \n+00018120: 696e 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 in top and. \n+00018130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00018140: 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 ottom scrollbar \n+00018150: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 positions. Defa\n+00018160: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a ult is \"false\"..\n+00018170: 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00018180: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n+00018190: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 use for progress\n+000181a0: 2062 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 bar.. text \n+000181b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 The te\n+000181c0: 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6f6e xt to display on\n+000181d0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n+000181e0: 722e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 r. If the. \n+000181f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00018200: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 7227 7320 4944 rogress bar's ID\n+00018210: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 is set to \"__ti\n+00018220: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 meout__\" and. \n 00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018240: 2020 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 the value of \n-00018250: 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 6973 this property is\n-00018260: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 \"@TI\n-00018280: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-00018290: 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2020 2020 ON_SHORT@\",. \n-000182a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000182b0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-000182c0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 CATION_MIDDLE@\" \n-000182d0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000182e0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 \"@TIMEOUT\n-000182f0: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f _NOTIFICATION_LO\n-00018300: 4e47 4022 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 NG@\", then GRUB \n-00018310: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-00018320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7064 6174 6520 update \n-00018330: 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 7769 this property wi\n-00018340: 7468 2061 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 th an informativ\n-00018350: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 e message. \n-00018360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 as\n-00018370: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2061 7070 the timeout app\n-00018380: 726f 6163 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2063 roaches... * c\n-00018390: 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular_progress\n-000183a0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6369 7263 Displays a circ\n-000183b0: 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular progress in\n-000183c0: 6469 6361 746f 722e 2020 5468 650a 2020 dicator. The. \n-000183d0: 2020 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 appearance of\n-000183e0: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 this component \n-000183f0: 6973 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 is determined by\n-00018400: 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2074 6865 two images: the\n-00018410: 0a20 2020 2020 2a63 656e 7465 722a 2069 . *center* i\n-00018420: 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 mage and the *ti\n-00018430: 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 ck* image. The \n-00018440: 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 center image is \n-00018450: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c generally. l\n-00018460: 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 arger and will b\n-00018470: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 e drawn in the c\n-00018480: 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d enter of the com\n-00018490: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 2041 726f 756e 640a ponent. Around.\n-000184a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 the circumf\n-000184b0: 6572 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 erence of a circ\n-000184c0: 6c65 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f le within the co\n-000184d0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 mponent, the tic\n-000184e0: 6b20 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c k image. wil\n-000184f0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 l be drawn a cer\n-00018500: 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 tain number of t\n-00018510: 696d 6573 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 imes, depending \n-00018520: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 on the. prop\n-00018530: 6572 7469 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f erties of the co\n-00018540: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 mponent... P\n-00018550: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n-00018560: 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-00018570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n-00018580: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 __timeout__\" to \n-00018590: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 display the time\n-000185a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000185b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 ela\n-000185c0: 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d psed to an autom\n-000185d0: 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 atical boot of t\n-000185e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-000185f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00018600: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n-00018610: 2020 2063 656e 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 center_bitmap\n-00018620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 The fi\n-00018630: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 le name of the i\n-00018640: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 mage to draw in \n-00018650: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018670: 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f center of the co\n-00018680: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 mponent.. ti\n-00018690: 636b 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 ck_bitmap \n-000186a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The file na\n-000186b0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 me of the image \n-000186c0: 746f 2064 7261 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 to draw for. \n+00018240: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+00018250: 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 6973 2073 is property is s\n+00018260: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et to. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 \"@TIME\n+00018280: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n+00018290: 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 _SHORT@\",. \n+000182a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 \"@\n+000182b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+000182c0: 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 TION_MIDDLE@\" or\n+000182d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000182e0: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+000182f0: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n+00018300: 4022 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7769 @\", then GRUB wi\n+00018310: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+00018320: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7064 6174 6520 7468 update th\n+00018330: 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 7769 7468 is property with\n+00018340: 2061 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 6520 an informative \n+00018350: 6d65 7373 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 message. \n+00018360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 2074 as t\n+00018370: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2061 7070 726f he timeout appro\n+00018380: 6163 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2063 6972 aches... * cir\n+00018390: 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2044 cular_progress D\n+000183a0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6369 7263 756c isplays a circul\n+000183b0: 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar progress indi\n+000183c0: 6361 746f 722e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 cator. The. \n+000183d0: 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 appearance of t\n+000183e0: 6869 7320 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 his component is\n+000183f0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 2074 determined by t\n+00018400: 776f 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2074 6865 0a20 wo images: the. \n+00018410: 2020 2020 2a63 656e 7465 722a 2069 6d61 *center* ima\n+00018420: 6765 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b ge and the *tick\n+00018430: 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 * image. The ce\n+00018440: 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6765 nter image is ge\n+00018450: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6172 nerally. lar\n+00018460: 6765 7220 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ger and will be \n+00018470: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e drawn in the cen\n+00018480: 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ter of the compo\n+00018490: 6e65 6e74 2e20 2041 726f 756e 640a 2020 nent. Around. \n+000184a0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 the circumfer\n+000184b0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 ence of a circle\n+000184c0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 within the comp\n+000184d0: 6f6e 656e 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 onent, the tick \n+000184e0: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 image. will \n+000184f0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 be drawn a certa\n+00018500: 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d in number of tim\n+00018510: 6573 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e es, depending on\n+00018520: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 the. proper\n+00018530: 7469 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 ties of the comp\n+00018540: 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f onent... Pro\n+00018550: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n+00018560: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+00018570: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f Set to \"__\n+00018580: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 timeout__\" to di\n+00018590: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 splay the time. \n+000185a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000185b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 elaps\n+000185c0: 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ed to an automat\n+000185d0: 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 ical boot of the\n+000185e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000185f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 def\n+00018600: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 ault entry.. \n+00018610: 2063 656e 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 center_bitmap \n+00018620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 The file\n+00018630: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 name of the ima\n+00018640: 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 ge to draw in th\n+00018650: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 ce\n+00018670: 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter of the comp\n+00018680: 6f6e 656e 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b onent.. tick\n+00018690: 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bitmap \n+000186a0: 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 The file name\n+000186b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f of the image to\n+000186c0: 2064 7261 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 draw for. \n 000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000186e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b the tick\n-000186f0: 206d 6172 6b73 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d marks.. num\n-00018700: 5f74 6963 6b73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _ticks \n-00018710: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f The number o\n-00018720: 6620 7469 636b 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b f ticks that mak\n-00018730: 6520 7570 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 e up a full. \n+000186e0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d the tick m\n+000186f0: 6172 6b73 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 arks.. num_t\n+00018700: 6963 6b73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 icks \n+00018710: 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 The number of \n+00018720: 7469 636b 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 ticks that make \n+00018730: 7570 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 up a full. \n 00018740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a circle..\n-00018760: 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 ticks_disap\n-00018770: 7065 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c pear Bool\n-00018780: 6561 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 ean value indica\n-00018790: 7469 6e67 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 ting whether tic\n-000187a0: 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k. \n-000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 ma\n-000187c0: 726b 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 rks should progr\n-000187d0: 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c essively appear,\n-000187e0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018800: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 progressively di\n-00018810: 7361 7070 6561 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 sappear as *valu\n-00018820: 652a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e*. \n-00018830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n-00018840: 7070 726f 6163 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e pproaches *end*.\n-00018850: 2020 5370 6563 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 Specify \"true\"\n-00018860: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00018870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018880: 2266 616c 7365 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c \"false\". Defaul\n-00018890: 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 t is \"false\".. \n-000188a0: 2020 2073 7461 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 start_angle \n-000188b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f The po\n-000188c0: 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 sition of the fi\n-000188d0: 7273 7420 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f rst tick mark to\n-000188e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 app\n-00018900: 6561 7220 6f72 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 ear or disappear\n-00018910: 2e20 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 . Measured in. \n+00018750: 2020 2020 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 circle.. \n+00018760: 2020 2074 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 ticks_disappe\n+00018770: 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 ar Boolea\n+00018780: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 n value indicati\n+00018790: 6e67 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a ng whether tick.\n+000187a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b mark\n+000187c0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 s should progres\n+000187d0: 7369 7665 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f sively appear, o\n+000187e0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n+00018800: 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 ogressively disa\n+00018810: 7070 6561 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a ppear as *value*\n+00018820: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 app\n+00018840: 726f 6163 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 roaches *end*. \n+00018850: 5370 6563 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f Specify \"true\" o\n+00018860: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 \"f\n+00018880: 616c 7365 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 alse\". Default \n+00018890: 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"false\".. \n+000188a0: 2073 7461 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 start_angle \n+000188b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 The posi\n+000188c0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n+000188d0: 7420 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 t tick mark to. \n+000188e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 appea\n+00018900: 7220 6f72 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 r or disappear. \n+00018910: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 Measured in. \n 00018920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 \"parr\n-00018940: 6f74 7322 2c20 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 ots\", 1 \"parrot\"\n-00018950: 203d 2031 202f 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 = 1 / 256 of th\n-00018960: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 fu\n-00018980: 6c6c 2063 6972 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 ll circle. Use \n-00018990: 7661 6c75 6573 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 values \"xxx deg\"\n-000189a0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-000189b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189c0: 2278 7878 205c 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" t\n-000189d0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 o set the angle \n-000189e0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n-000189f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00018a00: 6567 7265 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 626f egrees... * bo\n-00018a10: 6f74 5f6d 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 ot_menu Displays\n-00018a20: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d the GRUB boot m\n-00018a30: 656e 752e 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 enu. It allows \n-00018a40: 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a selecting items.\n-00018a50: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 and executi\n-00018a60: 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 ng them... P\n-00018a70: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n-00018a80: 2069 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 item_font \n-00018a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-00018aa0: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n-00018ab0: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d or the menu item\n-00018ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 \"parrot\n+00018940: 7322 2c20 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d s\", 1 \"parrot\" =\n+00018950: 2031 202f 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 1 / 256 of the.\n+00018960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c full\n+00018980: 2063 6972 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 circle. Use va\n+00018990: 6c75 6573 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f lues \"xxx deg\" o\n+000189a0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+000189b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 \"x\n+000189c0: 7878 205c 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 xx \\xc2\\xb0\" to \n+000189d0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e set the angle in\n+000189e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 deg\n+00018a00: 7265 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 rees... * boot\n+00018a10: 5f6d 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 _menu Displays t\n+00018a20: 6865 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e he GRUB boot men\n+00018a30: 752e 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 u. It allows se\n+00018a40: 6c65 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 lecting items. \n+00018a50: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 and executing\n+00018a60: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f them... Pro\n+00018a70: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n+00018a80: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem_font \n+00018a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00018aa0: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00018ab0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n+00018ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00018ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ae0: 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 titles.. \n-00018af0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 selected_item_f\n-00018b00: 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 ont T\n-00018b10: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n-00018b20: 6f72 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a or the selected.\n+00018ae0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n+00018af0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e elected_item_fon\n+00018b00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 t The\n+00018b10: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00018b20: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 the selected. \n 00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00018b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b50: 2020 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 menu item, or\n-00018b60: 2022 696e 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a \"inherit\" (the.\n+00018b50: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 menu item, or \"\n+00018b60: 696e 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 inherit\" (the. \n 00018b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00018b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b90: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 default) to u\n-00018ba0: 7365 2022 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 se \"item_font\" f\n-00018bb0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00018b90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 default) to use\n+00018ba0: 2022 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 \"item_font\" for\n+00018bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00018bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bd0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 the select\n-00018be0: 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 ed menu item as \n-00018bf0: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f well.. item_\n-00018c00: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n-00018c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c The col\n-00018c20: 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 or to use for th\n-00018c30: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 e menu item. \n+00018bd0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 the selected\n+00018be0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 menu item as we\n+00018bf0: 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f ll.. item_co\n+00018c00: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor \n+00018c10: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n+00018c20: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00018c30: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 menu item. \n 00018c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018c60: 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 itles.. sele\n-00018c70: 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 cted_item_color \n-00018c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f The co\n-00018c90: 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 lor to use for t\n-00018ca0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 he selected. \n+00018c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 tit\n+00018c60: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 les.. select\n+00018c70: 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 ed_item_color \n+00018c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n+00018c90: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 r to use for the\n+00018ca0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00018cd0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e enu item, or \"in\n-00018ce0: 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 herit\" (the. \n+00018cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n+00018cd0: 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 u item, or \"inhe\n+00018ce0: 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rit\" (the. \n 00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00018d10: 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 efault) to use \"\n-00018d20: 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a item_color\" for.\n+00018d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 def\n+00018d10: 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 ault) to use \"it\n+00018d20: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a 2020 em_color\" for. \n 00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00018d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d50: 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 the selected \n-00018d60: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c menu item as wel\n-00018d70: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 l.. icon_wid\n-00018d80: 7468 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th \n-00018d90: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 The width \n-00018da0: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f of menu item ico\n-00018db0: 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns.. \n+00018d50: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 the selected me\n+00018d60: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e nu item as well.\n+00018d70: 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 . icon_width\n+00018d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d90: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n+00018da0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n+00018db0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n 00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 Icons are\n-00018de0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 scaled to the s\n-00018df0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pecified. \n+00018dd0: 2020 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 Icons are s\n+00018de0: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 caled to the spe\n+00018df0: 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cified. \n 00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 size\n-00018e20: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 .. icon_heig\n-00018e30: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n-00018e40: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 The height \n-00018e50: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f of menu item ico\n-00018e60: 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 ns.. item_he\n-00018e70: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 The heigh\n-00018e90: 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 t of each menu i\n-00018ea0: 7465 6d20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem in. \n+00018e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a size..\n+00018e20: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 icon_height\n+00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018e40: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 The height of\n+00018e50: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n+00018e60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 .. item_heig\n+00018e70: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 The height \n+00018e90: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 of each menu ite\n+00018ea0: 6d20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m in. \n 00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 pixels\n-00018ed0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 .. item_padd\n-00018ee0: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 The amount \n-00018f00: 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 of space in pixe\n-00018f10: 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls to. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n+00018ed0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e item_paddin\n+00018ee0: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n+00018ef0: 2020 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 The amount of\n+00018f00: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 space in pixels\n+00018f10: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n 00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f leave o\n-00018f40: 6e20 6561 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 n each side of t\n-00018f50: 6865 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he menu. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 leave on \n+00018f40: 6561 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 each side of the\n+00018f50: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n 00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 item \n-00018f80: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 contents.. i\n-00018f90: 7465 6d5f 6963 6f6e 5f73 7061 6365 2020 tem_icon_space \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-00018fb0: 2073 7061 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 space between a\n-00018fc0: 6e20 6974 656d 2773 2069 636f 6e0a 2020 n item's icon. \n+00018f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 636f item co\n+00018f80: 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 ntents.. ite\n+00018f90: 6d5f 6963 6f6e 5f73 7061 6365 2020 2020 m_icon_space \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 The s\n+00018fb0: 7061 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 pace between an \n+00018fc0: 6974 656d 2773 2069 636f 6e0a 2020 2020 item's icon. \n 00018fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ff0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 2074 and the title t\n-00019000: 6578 742c 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a ext, in pixels..\n-00019010: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7370 6163 696e item_spacin\n-00019020: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00019030: 2020 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 The amount of\n-00019040: 2073 7061 6365 2074 6f20 6c65 6176 650a space to leave.\n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+00018ff0: 6e64 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 2074 6578 nd the title tex\n+00019000: 742c 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 t, in pixels.. \n+00019010: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7370 6163 696e 6720 item_spacing \n+00019020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019030: 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 The amount of s\n+00019040: 7061 6365 2074 6f20 6c65 6176 650a 2020 pace to leave. \n 00019050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019070: 2020 2062 6574 7765 656e 206d 656e 7520 between menu \n-00019080: 6974 656d 732c 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 items, in pixels\n-00019090: 2e0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 755f 7069 786d .. menu_pixm\n-000190a0: 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap_style \n-000190b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n-000190c0: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n-000190d0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019070: 2062 6574 7765 656e 206d 656e 7520 6974 between menu it\n+00019080: 656d 732c 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a ems, in pixels..\n+00019090: 2020 2020 206d 656e 755f 7069 786d 6170 menu_pixmap\n+000190a0: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _style \n+000190b0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+000190c0: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+000190d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 000190e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000190f0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d menu fram\n-00019100: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e20 2045 e styled box. E\n-00019110: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n+000190f0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 menu frame \n+00019100: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e20 2045 7861 styled box. Exa\n+00019110: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 00019120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 \"menu\n-00019140: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 _*.png\" (this wi\n-00019150: 6c6c 2075 7365 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 ll use images. \n+00019130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f2a \"menu_*\n+00019140: 2e70 6e67 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 6c6c .png\" (this will\n+00019150: 2075 7365 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 2020 use images. \n 00019160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019180: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 such as \"menu_c\n-00019190: 2e70 6e67 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .png\",. \n+00019170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00019180: 7563 6820 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 2e70 uch as \"menu_c.p\n+00019190: 6e67 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng\",. \n 000191a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000191b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f \"menu_\n-000191c0: 772e 706e 6722 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 w.png\", 'menu_nw\n-000191d0: 2e70 6e67 222c 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 .png\", etc.). \n-000191e0: 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 item_pixmap_st\n-000191f0: 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yle \n-00019200: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-00019210: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n+000191b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 772e \"menu_w.\n+000191c0: 706e 6722 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 2e70 png\", 'menu_nw.p\n+000191d0: 6e67 222c 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 ng\", etc.). \n+000191e0: 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c item_pixmap_styl\n+000191f0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 e Th\n+00019200: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n+00019210: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n 00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 6974 656d 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f item styled bo\n-00019250: 782e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 x.. selected\n-00019260: 5f69 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 _item_pixmap_sty\n-00019270: 6c65 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 le The image \n-00019280: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n-00019290: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019240: 6974 656d 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e item styled box.\n+00019250: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 . selected_i\n+00019260: 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 tem_pixmap_style\n+00019270: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 The image fi\n+00019280: 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 le pattern for t\n+00019290: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 selected\n-000192c0: 2069 7465 6d20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 item highlight \n-000192d0: 7374 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c the scroll\n-00019370: 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 bar should be d\n-00019380: 7261 776e 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rawn if. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 the scroll b\n+00019370: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 ar should be dra\n+00019380: 776e 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn if. \n 00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 the f\n-000193b0: 7261 6d65 2061 6e64 2074 6875 6d62 2073 rame and thumb s\n-000193c0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 730a 2020 2020 tyled boxes. \n+000193a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 7261 the fra\n+000193b0: 6d65 2061 6e64 2074 6875 6d62 2073 7479 me and thumb sty\n+000193c0: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 730a 2020 2020 2020 led boxes. \n 000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n-000193f0: 7265 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 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Example:\n-00019480: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019460: 2020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 entire scroll \n+00019470: 6261 722e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 bar. Example:. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194a0: 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a \"scrollbar_*\n-000194b0: 2e70 6e67 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c .png\". scrol\n-000194c0: 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2020 2020 2020 lbar_thumb \n-000194d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 The ima\n-000194e0: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n-000194f0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+000194a0: 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a 2e70 \"scrollbar_*.p\n+000194b0: 6e67 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ng\". scrollb\n+000194c0: 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_thumb \n+000194d0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n+000194e0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n+000194f0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n 00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-00019520: 6c20 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 2874 6865 l bar thumb (the\n-00019530: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 part of the. \n+00019510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 scroll \n+00019520: 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 2874 6865 2070 bar thumb (the p\n+00019530: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n 00019540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019560: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 scroll bar that \n-00019570: 6d6f 7665 7320 6173 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 moves as scrolli\n-00019580: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng. \n+00019550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+00019560: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 6d6f roll bar that mo\n+00019570: 7665 7320 6173 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 6e67 ves as scrolling\n+00019580: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 6f63 6375 7273 292e 2020 occurs). \n-000195b0: 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+000195a0: 2020 2020 6f63 6375 7273 292e 2020 4578 occurs). Ex\n+000195b0: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n 000195c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 \"scr\n-000195e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 5f2a 2e70 ollbar_thumb_*.p\n-000195f0: 6e67 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ng\". scrollb\n-00019600: 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 ar_thumb_overlay\n-00019610: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f If this o\n-00019620: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n-00019630: 2274 7275 6522 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"true\". \n+000195d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c \"scrol\n+000195e0: 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 5f2a 2e70 6e67 lbar_thumb_*.png\n+000195f0: 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 \". scrollbar\n+00019600: 5f74 6875 6d62 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 2020 _thumb_overlay \n+00019610: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n+00019620: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 ion is set to \"t\n+00019630: 7275 6522 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue\". \n 00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e 2074 then t\n-00019660: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2074 6875 he scrollbar thu\n-00019670: 6d62 2073 6964 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mb side. \n+00019650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e 2074 6865 then the\n+00019660: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2074 6875 6d62 scrollbar thumb\n+00019670: 2073 6964 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 side. \n 00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c69 6365 slice\n-000196a0: 7320 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 s (every slice e\n-000196b0: 7863 6570 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 xcept the. \n+00019690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c69 6365 7320 slices \n+000196a0: 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 (every slice exc\n+000196b0: 6570 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ept the. \n 000196c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000196d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e cen\n-000196e0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 ter slice) will \n-000196f0: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 overlay the. \n+000196d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 cente\n+000196e0: 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 r slice) will ov\n+000196f0: 6572 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 erlay the. \n 00019700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00019720: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2073 crollbar frame s\n-00019730: 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 ide slices. And\n-00019740: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+00019720: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2073 6964 ollbar frame sid\n+00019730: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 0a20 e slices. And. \n+00019740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 the center s\n-00019770: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+00019760: 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 the center sli\n+00019770: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n 00019780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-000197a0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 crollbar_thumb c\n-000197b0: 616e 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a an move all the.\n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+000197a0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 616e ollbar_thumb can\n+000197b0: 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 move all the. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197e0: 2020 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 way (from top\n-000197f0: 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 to bottom), bei\n-00019800: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng. \n+000197e0: 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 way (from top t\n+000197f0: 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 o bottom), being\n+00019800: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019820: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 drawn on t\n-00019830: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n-00019840: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00019820: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 drawn on the\n+00019830: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+00019840: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-00019870: 6261 7220 6672 616d 652e 2020 5468 6174 bar frame. That\n-00019880: 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 way we can. \n+00019860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+00019870: 7220 6672 616d 652e 2020 5468 6174 2077 r frame. That w\n+00019880: 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ay we can. \n 00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-000198b0: 616b 6520 6120 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 ake a scrollbar \n-000198c0: 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 with round-shape\n-000198d0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 616b mak\n+000198b0: 6520 6120 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 e a scrollbar wi\n+000198c0: 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 640a th round-shaped.\n+000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198f0: 2020 2020 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 edges so th\n-00019900: 6572 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 ere won't be a f\n-00019910: 7265 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ree. \n+000198f0: 2020 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 edges so ther\n+00019900: 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 e won't be a fre\n+00019910: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019930: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f space fro\n-00019940: 6d20 7468 6520 7468 756d 6220 746f 2074 m the thumb to t\n-00019950: 6865 2066 7261 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 he frame. \n+00019930: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n+00019940: 7468 6520 7468 756d 6220 746f 2074 6865 the thumb to the\n+00019950: 2066 7261 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n 00019960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2074 in t\n-00019980: 6f70 2061 6e64 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 op and bottom sc\n-00019990: 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rollbar. \n+00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2074 6f70 in top\n+00019980: 2061 6e64 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f and bottom scro\n+00019990: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n 000199a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f73 6974 posit\n-000199c0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ions. Default i\n-000199d0: 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 s \"false\".. \n-000199e0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 scrollbar_slice \n-000199f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019a00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 e menu frame sty\n-00019a10: 6c65 6420 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a led box's slice.\n+000199b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f73 6974 696f positio\n+000199c0: 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ns. Default is \n+000199d0: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 \"false\".. sc\n+000199e0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 rollbar_slice \n+000199f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019a00: 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 menu frame style\n+00019a10: 6420 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 d box's slice. \n 00019a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a40: 2020 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 in which the \n-00019a50: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 scrollbar will b\n-00019a60: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019a40: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 in which the sc\n+00019a50: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a rollbar will be.\n+00019a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a80: 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 drawn. Pos\n-00019a90: 7369 626c 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 sible values are\n-00019aa0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019a80: 2020 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 drawn. Possi\n+00019a90: 626c 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 ble values are. \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e \"west\", \"cen\n-00019ad0: 7465 7222 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 ter\", \"east\". \n+00019ac0: 2020 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 \"west\", \"cente\n+00019ad0: 7222 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 r\", \"east\". \n 00019ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b00: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 (default). \"wes\n-00019b10: 7422 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\" - the scrollb\n-00019b20: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar. \n+00019af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 (d\n+00019b00: 6566 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 efault). \"west\"\n+00019b10: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n+00019b20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 will be dr\n-00019b50: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 awn in the west \n-00019b60: 736c 6963 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 will be draw\n+00019b50: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c n in the west sl\n+00019b60: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice. \n 00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d (right-\n-00019b90: 616c 6967 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 aligned). \"east\n-00019ba0: 2220 2d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" - the. \n+00019b80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c (right-al\n+00019b90: 6967 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 igned). \"east\" \n+00019ba0: 2d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 - the. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-00019bd0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 lbar will be dra\n-00019be0: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 wn in the. \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n+00019bd0: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e ar will be drawn\n+00019be0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 eas\n-00019c10: 7420 736c 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c t slice (left-al\n-00019c20: 6967 6e65 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 igned).. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 east \n+00019c10: 736c 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 slice (left-alig\n+00019c20: 6e65 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ned).. \n 00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 \"cent\n-00019c50: 6572 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c er\" - the scroll\n-00019c60: 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 bar will be. \n+00019c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n+00019c50: 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \" - the scrollba\n+00019c60: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 r will be. \n 00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00019c90: 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn in the cent\n-00019ca0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a er slice. Note:\n-00019cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n+00019c90: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n+00019ca0: 2073 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 slice. Note:. \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cd0: 2020 2020 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 in case of \"\n-00019ce0: 6365 6e74 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 center\" slice: a\n-00019cf0: 2920 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ) If. \n+00019cd0: 2020 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 in case of \"ce\n+00019ce0: 6e74 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 nter\" slice: a) \n+00019cf0: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 If. \n 00019d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f the scro\n-00019d20: 6c6c 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 llbar should be \n-00019d30: 6472 6177 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 drawn then. \n+00019d10: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c the scroll\n+00019d20: 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 bar should be dr\n+00019d30: 6177 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 awn then. \n 00019d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n-00019d60: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 ot menu entry's \n-00019d70: 7769 6474 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 width is. \n+00019d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot\n+00019d60: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n+00019d70: 6474 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth is. \n 00019d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 decr\n-00019da0: 6561 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 eased by the scr\n-00019db0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 ollbar's width. \n+00019d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 decrea\n+00019da0: 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c sed by the scrol\n+00019db0: 6c62 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 lbar's width. \n 00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019de0: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c and the scroll\n-00019df0: 6261 7220 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 bar is drawn at \n-00019e00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019de0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 and the scrollba\n+00019df0: 7220 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 r is drawn at th\n+00019e00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 right sid\n-00019e30: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 e of the center \n-00019e40: 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n+00019e20: 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 right side \n+00019e30: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c of the center sl\n+00019e40: 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.. \n 00019e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 b) If \n-00019e70: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f the scrollbar wo\n-00019e80: 6e27 7420 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 n't be drawn. \n+00019e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 b) If th\n+00019e70: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 e scrollbar won'\n+00019e80: 7420 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 t be drawn. \n 00019e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019eb0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 then the boot me\n-00019ec0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 nu entry's width\n-00019ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+00019eb0: 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 en the boot menu\n+00019ec0: 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 entry's width. \n+00019ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ef0: 2020 2020 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 is the width\n-00019f00: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 of the center s\n-00019f10: 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice.. \n+00019ef0: 2020 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f is the width o\n+00019f00: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n+00019f10: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 c) We d\n-00019f40: 6f6e 2774 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e on't necessary n\n-00019f50: 6565 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 eed the. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e c) We don\n+00019f40: 2774 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 't necessary nee\n+00019f50: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d the. \n 00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 menu \n-00019f80: 7069 786d 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 pixmap box to di\n-00019f90: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 splay the. \n+00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 menu pi\n+00019f80: 786d 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 xmap box to disp\n+00019f90: 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay the. \n 00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n-00019fc0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 ollbar.. scr\n-00019fd0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 ollbar_left_pad \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c The l\n-00019ff0: 6566 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 eft scrollbar pa\n-0001a000: 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 dding in. \n+00019fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n+00019fc0: 6c62 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c lbar.. scrol\n+00019fd0: 6c62 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 lbar_left_pad \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 The lef\n+00019ff0: 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 t scrollbar padd\n+0001a000: 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing in. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 pixe\n-0001a030: 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 ls. Unused if. \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 pixels\n+0001a030: 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 . Unused if. \n 0001a040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a060: 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 \"scrollbar_sli\n-0001a070: 6365 2220 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 ce\" is \"west\".. \n-0001a080: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 scrollbar_ri\n-0001a090: 6768 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght_pad \n-0001a0a0: 2020 5468 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f The right scro\n-0001a0b0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e llbar padding in\n-0001a0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a060: 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 \"scrollbar_slice\n+0001a070: 2220 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 \" is \"west\".. \n+0001a080: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 scrollbar_righ\n+0001a090: 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_pad \n+0001a0a0: 5468 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c The right scroll\n+0001a0b0: 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 bar padding in. \n+0001a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 pixels. Unu\n-0001a0f0: 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sed if. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 pixels. Unuse\n+0001a0f0: 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d if. \n 0001a100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c \"scrol\n-0001a120: 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 lbar_slice\" is \"\n-0001a130: 6561 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f east\".. scro\n-0001a140: 6c6c 6261 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 llbar_top_pad \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f The to\n-0001a160: 7020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 p scrollbar padd\n-0001a170: 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing in. \n+0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 \"scrollb\n+0001a120: 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 ar_slice\" is \"ea\n+0001a130: 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c st\".. scroll\n+0001a140: 6261 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 bar_top_pad \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 The top \n+0001a160: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n+0001a170: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 pixels\n-0001a1a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001a1b0: 5f62 6f74 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 _bottom_pad \n-0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 The bottom \n-0001a1d0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n-0001a1e0: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 scrollbar_b\n+0001a1b0: 6f74 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 ottom_pad \n+0001a1c0: 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 The bottom sc\n+0001a1d0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n+0001a1e0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001a1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n-0001a210: 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 visible \n+0001a200: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n+0001a210: 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 visible \n 0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a230: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 Set to \"false\n-0001a240: 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f \" to hide the bo\n-0001a250: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n+0001a230: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 Set to \"false\" \n+0001a240: 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 to hide the boot\n+0001a250: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a270: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 menu... \n-0001a280: 2a20 6361 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 * canvas Canvas \n-0001a290: 6973 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 is a container t\n-0001a2a0: 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 hat allows manua\n-0001a2b0: 6c20 706c 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 l placement of. \n-0001a2c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 components w\n-0001a2d0: 6974 6869 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f ithin it. It do\n-0001a2e0: 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 es not alter the\n-0001a2f0: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 positions of it\n-0001a300: 7320 6368 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d s child. com\n-0001a310: 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 ponents. It ass\n-0001a320: 6967 6e73 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 igns all child c\n-0001a330: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 omponents their \n-0001a340: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e preferred sizes.\n-0001a350: 0a0a 2020 202a 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 .. * hbox The \n-0001a360: 2a68 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 *hbox* container\n-0001a370: 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 lays out its ch\n-0001a380: 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 ildren from left\n-0001a390: 2074 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 to right,. \n-0001a3a0: 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 giving each one \n-0001a3b0: 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 its preferred wi\n-0001a3c0: 6474 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 dth. The height\n-0001a3d0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 of each child i\n-0001a3e0: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 s. set to th\n-0001a3f0: 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 e maximum of the\n-0001a400: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 preferred heigh\n-0001a410: 7473 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 ts of all childr\n-0001a420: 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7662 6f78 2054 en... * vbox T\n-0001a430: 6865 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 he *vbox* contai\n-0001a440: 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 ner lays out its\n-0001a450: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 children from t\n-0001a460: 6f70 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a 2020 op to bottom,. \n-0001a470: 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f giving each o\n-0001a480: 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 ne its preferred\n-0001a490: 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 7769 height. The wi\n-0001a4a0: 6474 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c dth of each chil\n-0001a4b0: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f d is. set to\n-0001a4c0: 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 the maximum of \n-0001a4d0: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 the preferred wi\n-0001a4e0: 6474 6873 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c dths of all chil\n-0001a4f0: 6472 656e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e36 2043 6f6d dren...7.3.6 Com\n-0001a500: 6d6f 6e20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d mon properties.-\n+0001a270: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 menu... * \n+0001a280: 6361 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 canvas Canvas is\n+0001a290: 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 a container tha\n+0001a2a0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 t allows manual \n+0001a2b0: 706c 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 placement of. \n+0001a2c0: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 components wit\n+0001a2d0: 6869 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 hin it. It does\n+0001a2e0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 not alter the p\n+0001a2f0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 ositions of its \n+0001a300: 6368 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f child. compo\n+0001a310: 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 nents. It assig\n+0001a320: 6e73 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d ns all child com\n+0001a330: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 ponents their pr\n+0001a340: 6566 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a eferred sizes...\n+0001a350: 2020 202a 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a68 * hbox The *h\n+0001a360: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n+0001a370: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n+0001a380: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 2074 dren from left t\n+0001a390: 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 o right,. gi\n+0001a3a0: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n+0001a3b0: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 s preferred widt\n+0001a3c0: 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f h. The height o\n+0001a3d0: 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a f each child is.\n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 set to the \n+0001a3f0: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 maximum of the p\n+0001a400: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 7473 referred heights\n+0001a410: 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 656e of all children\n+0001a420: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7662 6f78 2054 6865 ... * vbox The\n+0001a430: 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 *vbox* containe\n+0001a440: 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 r lays out its c\n+0001a450: 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 hildren from top\n+0001a460: 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a 2020 2020 to bottom,. \n+0001a470: 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 giving each one\n+0001a480: 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 its preferred h\n+0001a490: 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 eight. 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Currently, \n-0001a7d0: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 there is one. \n-0001a7e0: 2020 7370 6563 6961 6c20 4944 2076 616c special ID val\n-0001a7f0: 7565 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2072 6563 ue that GRUB rec\n-0001a800: 6f67 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2022 ognizes:.. \"\n-0001a810: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2020 436f __timeout__\" Co\n-0001a820: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6869 mponent with thi\n-0001a830: 7320 4944 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2075 7064 s ID will be upd\n-0001a840: 6174 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 ated by GRUB. \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a860: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 696e 6469 6361 and will indica\n-0001a870: 7465 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 6420 te time elapsed \n-0001a880: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n-0001a890: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0001a8a0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 boot of th\n-0001a8b0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e e default entry.\n-0001a8c0: 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2063 6f6d 706f Affected compo\n-0001a8d0: 6e65 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nents:. \n-0001a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6c61 6265 \"labe\n-0001a8f0: 6c22 2c20 2263 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 l\", \"circular_pr\n-0001a900: 6f67 7265 7373 222c 2022 7072 6f67 7265 ogress\", \"progre\n-0001a910: 7373 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ss_bar\".....File\n-0001a920: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0001a930: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 4e65 de: Network, Ne\n-0001a940: 7874 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 xt: Serial termi\n-0001a950: 6e61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5468 656d nal, Prev: Them\n-0001a960: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 e file format, \n-0001a970: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 2042 6f6f 7469 Up: Top..8 Booti\n-0001a980: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ng GRUB from the\n-0001a990: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a network.*******\n+0001a520: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ----..The follow\n+0001a530: 696e 6720 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2061 ing properties a\n+0001a540: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 re supported by \n+0001a550: 616c 6c20 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a all components:.\n+0001a560: 276c 6566 7427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 'left'. The \n+0001a570: 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 distance from th\n+0001a580: 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 e left border of\n+0001a590: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 container to le\n+0001a5a0: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 ft border of. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 the object in \n+0001a5c0: 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 7265 6520 either of three \n+0001a5d0: 666f 726d 6174 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7820 formats:. x \n+0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 616c Val\n+0001a5f0: 7565 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 0a20 2020 ue in pixels. \n+0001a600: 2020 7025 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n+0001a610: 2050 6572 6365 6e74 6167 650a 2020 2020 Percentage. \n+0001a620: 2070 252b 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n+0001a630: 6d69 7874 7572 6520 6f66 2062 6f74 680a mixture of both.\n+0001a640: 2774 6f70 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 'top'. The d\n+0001a650: 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 istance from the\n+0001a660: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 left border of \n+0001a670: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 container to lef\n+0001a680: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 t border of. \n+0001a690: 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 the object in s\n+0001a6a0: 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 2777 6964 ame format..'wid\n+0001a6b0: 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 th'. The wid\n+0001a6c0: 7468 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 th of object in \n+0001a6d0: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a27 6865 same format..'he\n+0001a6e0: 6967 6874 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 ight'. The h\n+0001a6f0: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 eight of object \n+0001a700: 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in same format..\n+0001a710: 2769 6427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6964 'id'. The id\n+0001a720: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 entifier for the\n+0001a730: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 2054 6869 component. Thi\n+0001a740: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2061 7262 s can be any arb\n+0001a750: 6974 7261 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 itrary. stri\n+0001a760: 6e67 2e20 2054 6865 2049 4420 6361 6e20 ng. The ID can \n+0001a770: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2073 6372 6970 be used by scrip\n+0001a780: 7473 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2076 ts to refer to v\n+0001a790: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 arious. comp\n+0001a7a0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4755 onents in the GU\n+0001a7b0: 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 I component tree\n+0001a7c0: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 . Currently, th\n+0001a7d0: 6572 6520 6973 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 ere is one. \n+0001a7e0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 4944 2076 616c 7565 special ID value\n+0001a7f0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2072 6563 6f67 that GRUB recog\n+0001a800: 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2022 5f5f nizes:.. \"__\n+0001a810: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2020 436f 6d70 timeout__\" Comp\n+0001a820: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 onent with this \n+0001a830: 4944 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2075 7064 6174 ID will be updat\n+0001a840: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 ed by GRUB. \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+0001a860: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 696e 6469 6361 7465 nd will indicate\n+0001a870: 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f time elapsed to\n+0001a880: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c0a an automatical.\n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a8a0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 boot of the \n+0001a8b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n+0001a8c0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 Affected compone\n+0001a8d0: 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts:. \n+0001a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6c61 6265 6c22 \"label\"\n+0001a8f0: 2c20 2263 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 , \"circular_prog\n+0001a900: 7265 7373 222c 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ress\", \"progress\n+0001a910: 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 _bar\".....File: \n+0001a920: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001a930: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 : Network, Next\n+0001a940: 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 : Serial termina\n+0001a950: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5468 656d 6520 l, Prev: Theme \n+0001a960: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5570 file format, Up\n+0001a970: 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Top..8 Booting\n+0001a980: 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206e GRUB from the n\n+0001a990: 6574 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a etwork.*********\n 0001a9a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001a9b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 666f ********..The fo\n-0001a9c0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 696e 7374 7275 6374 llowing instruct\n-0001a9d0: 696f 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b20 ions don't work \n-0001a9e0: 666f 7220 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 3338 362d for *-emu, i386-\n-0001a9f0: 7165 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 qemu,.i386-coreb\n-0001aa00: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n-0001aa10: 6f6f 742c 206d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 oot, mips_loongs\n-0001aa20: 6f6e 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2061 6e64 on, mips-arc and\n-0001aa30: 0a6d 6970 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 730a .mips_qemu_mips.\n-0001aa40: 0a20 2020 546f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 . To generate \n-0001aa50: 6120 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 6469 a netbootable di\n-0001aa60: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 rectory, run:.. \n-0001aa70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 grub-mknetdi\n-0001aa80: 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 r --net-director\n-0001aa90: 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 y=/srv/tftp --su\n-0001aaa0: 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 bdir=/boot/grub \n-0001aab0: 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 -d /usr/lib/grub\n-0001aac0: 2f3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e0a 0a20 2020 /.. \n-0001aad0: 452e 672e 2020 666f 7220 6933 3836 2d70 E.g. for i386-p\n-0001aae0: 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b c:.. grub-mk\n-0001aaf0: 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 netdir --net-dir\n-0001ab00: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 ectory=/srv/tftp\n-0001ab10: 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f --subdir=/boot/\n-0001ab20: 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 grub -d /usr/lib\n-0001ab30: 2f67 7275 622f 6933 3836 2d70 630a 0a20 /grub/i386-pc.. \n-0001ab40: 2020 5468 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 696e Then follow in\n-0001ab50: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2070 7269 6e74 structions print\n-0001ab60: 6564 206f 7574 2062 7920 6772 7562 2d6d ed out by grub-m\n-0001ab70: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 6f6e 6669 knetdir on confi\n-0001ab80: 6775 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 4448 4350 guring.your DHCP\n-0001ab90: 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 server... The\n-0001aba0: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 6669 6c65 2069 grub.cfg file i\n-0001abb0: 7320 706c 6163 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 s placed in the \n-0001abc0: 7361 6d65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 same directory a\n-0001abd0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f 7574 7075 s the path outpu\n-0001abe0: 740a 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 t.by grub-mknetd\n-0001abf0: 6972 2068 6572 6561 6674 6572 2072 6566 ir hereafter ref\n-0001ac00: 6572 7265 6420 746f 2061 7320 4657 5041 erred to as FWPA\n-0001ac10: 5448 2e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 TH. GRUB will se\n-0001ac20: 6172 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 2063 6f6e arch for.its con\n-0001ac30: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-0001ac40: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 7573 696e 6720 in order using \n-0001ac50: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n-0001ac60: 6c65 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 650a 6170 les where the.ap\n-0001ac70: 7065 6e64 6564 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f72 pended value cor\n-0001ac80: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6120 7661 responds to a va\n-0001ac90: 6c75 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e lue on the clien\n-0001aca0: 7420 6d61 6368 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 t machine... \n-0001acb0: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n-0001acc0: 2e63 6667 2d27 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d .cfg-'(UUID OF M\n-0001acd0: 4143 4849 4e45 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 ACHINE)'. '(\n-0001ace0: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n-0001acf0: 672d 2728 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 5320 g-'(MAC ADDRESS \n-0001ad00: 4f46 204e 4943 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 OF NIC)'. '(\n-0001ad10: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n-0001ad20: 672d 2728 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 g-'(IPv4 OR IPv6\n-0001ad30: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2927 0a20 2020 2020 ADDRESS)'. \n-0001ad40: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n-0001ad50: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 cfg.. The UUID\n-0001ad60: 2069 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d is the Client M\n-0001ad70: 6163 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 achine Identifie\n-0001ad80: 7220 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 r Option Definit\n-0001ad90: 696f 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ion as.specified\n-0001ada0: 2069 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 in RFC 4578. T\n-0001adb0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f he client will o\n-0001adc0: 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c nly attempt to l\n-0001add0: 6f6f 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 oouk up a UUID.c\n-0001ade0: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 onfig file if it\n-0001adf0: 2077 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 was provided by\n-0001ae00: 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 the DHCP server\n-0001ae10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 ... The client\n-0001ae20: 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d will only attem\n-0001ae30: 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e pt to look up an\n-0001ae40: 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f IPv6 address co\n-0001ae50: 6e66 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 nfig once,.howev\n-0001ae60: 6572 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 er, it will try \n-0001ae70: 7468 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c the IPv4 multipl\n-0001ae80: 6520 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f e times. The co\n-0001ae90: 6e63 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 ncrete example.b\n-0001aea0: 656c 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 elow shows what \n-0001aeb0: 776f 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 would happen und\n-0001aec0: 6572 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 er the IPv4 case\n-0001aed0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 ... UUID: 77\n-0001aee0: 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 26a678-7fc0-4853\n-0001aef0: 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 -a4f6-c85ac36a12\n-0001af00: 3061 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 0a. MAC: 52\n-0001af10: 3a35 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a :54:00:ec:33:81.\n-0001af20: 2020 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e IPV4: 10.0.\n-0001af30: 302e 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0.130 (0A000082)\n-0001af40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 .. '(FWPATH)\n-0001af50: 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 3732 3661 '/grub.cfg-7726a\n-0001af60: 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 678-7fc0-4853-a4\n-0001af70: 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a f6-c85ac36a120a.\n-0001af80: 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f '(FWPATH)'/\n-0001af90: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 grub.cfg-52-54-0\n-0001afa0: 302d 6563 2d33 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 0-ec-33-81. \n-0001afb0: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n-0001afc0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 cfg-0A000082. \n-0001afd0: 2020 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 '(FWPATH)'/gru\n-0001afe0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 b.cfg-0A00008. \n-0001aff0: 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 '(FWPATH)'/gr\n-0001b000: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 300a 2020 ub.cfg-0A0000. \n-0001b010: 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 '(FWPATH)'/gr\n-0001b020: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 ub.cfg-0A000. \n-0001b030: 2020 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 '(FWPATH)'/gru\n-0001b040: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 b.cfg-0A00. \n-0001b050: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n-0001b060: 6366 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 2027 2846 cfg-0A0. '(F\n-0001b070: 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 WPATH)'/grub.cfg\n-0001b080: 2d30 410a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 -0A. '(FWPAT\n-0001b090: 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 H)'/grub.cfg-0. \n-0001b0a0: 2020 2020 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 '(FWPATH)'/g\n-0001b0b0: 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 rub.cfg.. This\n-0001b0c0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 feature is enab\n-0001b0d0: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 led by default b\n-0001b0e0: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 ut it can be dis\n-0001b0f0: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 abled by setting\n-0001b100: 0a74 6865 2027 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 .the 'feature_ne\n-0001b110: 745f 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 2720 746f t_search_cfg' to\n-0001b120: 2027 6e27 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2074 6869 'n'. Since thi\n-0001b130: 7320 6861 7070 656e 7320 6265 666f 7265 s happens before\n-0001b140: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the.configurati\n-0001b150: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2072 6561 6420 on file is read \n-0001b160: 6279 2047 5255 422c 2074 6869 7320 6f70 by GRUB, this op\n-0001b170: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 6f20 6265 2064 tion has to be d\n-0001b180: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 656d isabled in an.em\n-0001b190: 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 bedded configura\n-0001b1a0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 tion file (*note\n-0001b1b0: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n-0001b1c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 uration::)... \n-0001b1d0: 4166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 After GRUB has s\n-0001b1e0: 7461 7274 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 7320 6f6e tarted, files on\n-0001b1f0: 2074 6865 2054 4654 5020 7365 7276 6572 the TFTP server\n-0001b200: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7369 will be accessi\n-0001b210: 626c 650a 7669 6120 7468 6520 2728 7466 ble.via the '(tf\n-0001b220: 7470 2927 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 tp)' device... \n-0001b230: 2054 6865 2073 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 The server IP a\n-0001b240: 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f ddress can be co\n-0001b250: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e ntrolled by chan\n-0001b260: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 2027 2874 6674 7029 ging the '(tftp)\n-0001b270: 270a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f '.device name to\n-0001b280: 2027 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 '(tftp,SERVER-I\n-0001b290: 5029 272e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 P)'. Note that \n-0001b2a0: 7468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 this should be c\n-0001b2b0: 6861 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 hanged.both in t\n-0001b2c0: 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e he prefix and in\n-0001b2d0: 2061 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 any references \n-0001b2e0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 to the device na\n-0001b2f0: 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 me in the.config\n-0001b300: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 uration file... \n-0001b310: 2020 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 GRUB provides \n-0001b320: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d several environm\n-0001b330: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 ent variables wh\n-0001b340: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ich may be used \n-0001b350: 746f 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 to.inspect or ch\n-0001b360: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f ange the behavio\n-0001b370: 7572 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 ur of the PXE de\n-0001b380: 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f vice. In the fo\n-0001b390: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 llowing.descript\n-0001b3a0: 696f 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 ion \n-0001b3b0: 6973 2070 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 is placeholder f\n-0001b3c0: 6f72 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e or the name of n\n-0001b3d0: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n-0001b3e0: 0a28 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e .(platform depen\n-0001b3f0: 6465 6e74 293a 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e dent):..'net__ip'. \n-0001b410: 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e The network in\n-0001b420: 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4950 2061 6464 terface's IP add\n-0001b430: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n-0001b440: 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ...'net__mac'. Th\n-0001b460: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 e network interf\n-0001b470: 6163 6527 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 ace's MAC addres\n-0001b480: 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a s. Read-only...\n-0001b490: 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 'net_\n-0001b4a0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 2020 _hostname'. \n-0001b4b0: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 The client host \n-0001b4c0: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n-0001b4d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001b4e0: 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ...'net__domain'. \n-0001b500: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 646f 6d61 The client doma\n-0001b510: 696e 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 in name provided\n-0001b520: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n-0001b530: 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 nly...'net__rootpath'\n-0001b550: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 . The path t\n-0001b560: 6f20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 o the client's r\n-0001b570: 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 oot disk provide\n-0001b580: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001b590: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 only...'net__extensio\n-0001b5b0: 6e73 7061 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 nspath'. The\n-0001b5c0: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f path to additio\n-0001b5d0: 6e61 6c20 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 nal DHCP vendor \n-0001b5e0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 extensions provi\n-0001b5f0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 ded by DHCP.. \n-0001b600: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e Read-only...'n\n-0001b610: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-0001b620: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 270a 2020 2020 2054 oot_file'. T\n-0001b630: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d he boot file nam\n-0001b640: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 e provided by DH\n-0001b650: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001b660: 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 'net_\n-0001b670: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n-0001b680: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e61 6d65 e'. The name\n-0001b690: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 of the DHCP ser\n-0001b6a0: 7665 7220 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 ver responsible \n-0001b6b0: 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 626f 6f74 2070 for these boot p\n-0001b6c0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 2020 arameters.. \n-0001b6d0: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 Read-only...'net\n-0001b6e0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n-0001b6f0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 270a 2020 2020 2054 t_server'. T\n-0001b700: 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 he IP address of\n-0001b710: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c the next (usual\n-0001b720: 6c79 2c20 5446 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 ly, TFTP) server\n-0001b730: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001b740: 502e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c P.. Read-onl\n-0001b750: 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 y...'net_default\n-0001b760: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 270a 2020 2020 _interface'. \n-0001b770: 2049 6e69 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 Initially set t\n-0001b780: 6f20 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 o name of networ\n-0001b790: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 k interface that\n-0001b7a0: 2077 6173 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 was used to loa\n-0001b7b0: 640a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 d. grub. Re\n-0001b7c0: 6164 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 ad-write, althou\n-0001b7d0: 6768 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 gh setting it af\n-0001b7e0: 6665 6374 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 fects only inter\n-0001b7f0: 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f pretation. o\n-0001b800: 6620 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 f 'net_default_i\n-0001b810: 7027 2061 6e64 2027 6e65 745f 6465 6661 p' and 'net_defa\n-0001b820: 756c 745f 6d61 6327 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 ult_mac'..'net_d\n-0001b830: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 efault_ip'. \n-0001b840: 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f The IP address o\n-0001b850: 6620 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 f default interf\n-0001b860: 6163 652e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e ace. Read-only.\n-0001b870: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 This is alias \n-0001b880: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 6e65 for. the 'ne\n-0001b890: 745f 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f t_${net_default_\n-0001b8a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f69 7027 2e0a interface}_ip'..\n-0001b8b0: 0a27 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 .'net_default_ma\n-0001b8c0: 6327 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 c'. The defa\n-0001b8d0: 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 ult interface's \n-0001b8e0: 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 MAC address. Re\n-0001b8f0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ad-only. This i\n-0001b900: 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 s alias for. \n-0001b910: 2074 6865 2027 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f the 'net_${net_\n-0001b920: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-0001b930: 657d 5f6d 6163 272e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 e}_mac'...'net_d\n-0001b940: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 0a20 efault_server'. \n-0001b950: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n-0001b960: 7365 7276 6572 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e server used by n\n-0001b970: 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a etwork drives (*\n-0001b980: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 note Device synt\n-0001b990: 6178 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 ax::).. Read\n-0001b9a0: 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 -write, although\n-0001b9b0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 setting this is\n-0001b9c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 only useful bef\n-0001b9d0: 6f72 6520 6f70 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 ore opening a. \n-0001b9e0: 2020 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 network devic\n-0001b9f0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-0001ba00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-0001ba10: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 rial terminal, \n-0001ba20: 4e65 7874 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 Next: Vendor pow\n-0001ba30: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 er-on keys, Pre\n-0001ba40: 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a v: Network, Up:\n-0001ba50: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 Top..9 Using GR\n-0001ba60: 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 UB via a serial \n-0001ba70: 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a line.***********\n+0001a9b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ******..The foll\n+0001a9c0: 6f77 696e 6720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f owing instructio\n+0001a9d0: 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b20 666f ns don't work fo\n+0001a9e0: 7220 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 3338 362d 7165 r *-emu, i386-qe\n+0001a9f0: 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f mu,.i386-coreboo\n+0001aa00: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n+0001aa10: 742c 206d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e t, mips_loongson\n+0001aa20: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2061 6e64 0a6d , mips-arc and.m\n+0001aa30: 6970 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 730a 0a20 ips_qemu_mips.. \n+0001aa40: 2020 546f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 To generate a \n+0001aa50: 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 6469 7265 netbootable dire\n+0001aa60: 6374 6f72 792c 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 ctory, run:.. \n+0001aa70: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 grub-mknetdir \n+0001aa80: 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --net-directory=\n+0001aa90: 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 /srv/tftp --subd\n+0001aaa0: 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 ir=/boot/grub -d\n+0001aab0: 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c /usr/lib/grub/<\n+0001aac0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e0a 0a20 2020 452e platform>.. E.\n+0001aad0: 672e 2020 666f 7220 6933 3836 2d70 633a g. for i386-pc:\n+0001aae0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 .. grub-mkne\n+0001aaf0: 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 tdir --net-direc\n+0001ab00: 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d tory=/srv/tftp -\n+0001ab10: 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 -subdir=/boot/gr\n+0001ab20: 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ub -d /usr/lib/g\n+0001ab30: 7275 622f 6933 3836 2d70 630a 0a20 2020 rub/i386-pc.. \n+0001ab40: 5468 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 696e 7374 Then follow inst\n+0001ab50: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2070 7269 6e74 6564 ructions printed\n+0001ab60: 206f 7574 2062 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e out by grub-mkn\n+0001ab70: 6574 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 etdir on configu\n+0001ab80: 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 4448 4350 2073 ring.your DHCP s\n+0001ab90: 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2067 erver... The g\n+0001aba0: 7275 622e 6366 6720 6669 6c65 2069 7320 rub.cfg file is \n+0001abb0: 706c 6163 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 placed in the sa\n+0001abc0: 6d65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 me directory as \n+0001abd0: 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f 7574 7075 740a the path output.\n+0001abe0: 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 by grub-mknetdir\n+0001abf0: 2068 6572 6561 6674 6572 2072 6566 6572 hereafter refer\n+0001ac00: 7265 6420 746f 2061 7320 4657 5041 5448 red to as FWPATH\n+0001ac10: 2e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6172 . GRUB will sear\n+0001ac20: 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 ch for.its confi\n+0001ac30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 guration files i\n+0001ac40: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 n order using th\n+0001ac50: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 e following rule\n+0001ac60: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 650a 6170 7065 s where the.appe\n+0001ac70: 6e64 6564 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f72 7265 nded value corre\n+0001ac80: 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 sponds to a valu\n+0001ac90: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 e on the client \n+0001aca0: 6d61 6368 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 machine... '\n+0001acb0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 (FWPATH)'/grub.c\n+0001acc0: 6667 2d27 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 fg-'(UUID OF MAC\n+0001acd0: 4849 4e45 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 HINE)'. '(FW\n+0001ace0: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n+0001acf0: 2728 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 5320 4f46 '(MAC ADDRESS OF\n+0001ad00: 204e 4943 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 NIC)'. '(FW\n+0001ad10: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n+0001ad20: 2728 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 '(IPv4 OR IPv6 A\n+0001ad30: 4444 5245 5353 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 DDRESS)'. '(\n+0001ad40: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001ad50: 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 2069 g.. The UUID i\n+0001ad60: 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d 6163 s the Client Mac\n+0001ad70: 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 hine Identifier \n+0001ad80: 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 696f Option Definitio\n+0001ad90: 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 n as.specified i\n+0001ada0: 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 6865 n RFC 4578. The\n+0001adb0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n+0001adc0: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n+0001add0: 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 6f6e uk up a UUID.con\n+0001ade0: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 2077 fig file if it w\n+0001adf0: 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 as provided by t\n+0001ae00: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a he DHCP server..\n+0001ae10: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 . The client w\n+0001ae20: 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 ill only attempt\n+0001ae30: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e 2049 to look up an I\n+0001ae40: 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f 6e66 Pv6 address conf\n+0001ae50: 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 ig once,.however\n+0001ae60: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 7468 , it will try th\n+0001ae70: 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 e IPv4 multiple \n+0001ae80: 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f 6e63 times. The conc\n+0001ae90: 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 656c rete example.bel\n+0001aea0: 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 776f ow shows what wo\n+0001aeb0: 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 6572 uld happen under\n+0001aec0: 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 2e0a the IPv4 case..\n+0001aed0: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 3236 . UUID: 7726\n+0001aee0: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n+0001aef0: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n+0001af00: 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 3a35 . MAC: 52:5\n+0001af10: 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a 2020 4:00:ec:33:81. \n+0001af20: 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e 302e IPV4: 10.0.0.\n+0001af30: 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0a0a 130 (0A000082)..\n+0001af40: 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f '(FWPATH)'/\n+0001af50: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 3732 3661 3637 grub.cfg-7726a67\n+0001af60: 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 8-7fc0-4853-a4f6\n+0001af70: 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 -c85ac36a120a. \n+0001af80: 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 '(FWPATH)'/gr\n+0001af90: 7562 2e63 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d ub.cfg-52-54-00-\n+0001afa0: 6563 2d33 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 2728 ec-33-81. '(\n+0001afb0: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001afc0: 672d 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 g-0A000082. \n+0001afd0: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n+0001afe0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 2020 cfg-0A00008. \n+0001aff0: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n+0001b000: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 300a 2020 2020 .cfg-0A0000. \n+0001b010: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n+0001b020: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 .cfg-0A000. \n+0001b030: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n+0001b040: 6366 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2728 cfg-0A00. '(\n+0001b050: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001b060: 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 g-0A0. '(FWP\n+0001b070: 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 ATH)'/grub.cfg-0\n+0001b080: 410a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 A. '(FWPATH)\n+0001b090: 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 '/grub.cfg-0. \n+0001b0a0: 2020 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 '(FWPATH)'/gru\n+0001b0b0: 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 b.cfg.. This f\n+0001b0c0: 6561 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 eature is enable\n+0001b0d0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 d by default but\n+0001b0e0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 it can be disab\n+0001b0f0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n+0001b100: 6865 2027 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 745f he 'feature_net_\n+0001b110: 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 2720 746f 2027 search_cfg' to '\n+0001b120: 6e27 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2074 6869 7320 n'. Since this \n+0001b130: 6861 7070 656e 7320 6265 666f 7265 2074 happens before t\n+0001b140: 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he.configuration\n+0001b150: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2072 6561 6420 6279 file is read by\n+0001b160: 2047 5255 422c 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 GRUB, this opti\n+0001b170: 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 on has to be dis\n+0001b180: 6162 6c65 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 656d 6265 abled in an.embe\n+0001b190: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+0001b1a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 on file (*note E\n+0001b1b0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+0001b1c0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 ation::)... Af\n+0001b1d0: 7465 7220 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7461 ter GRUB has sta\n+0001b1e0: 7274 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 7320 6f6e 2074 rted, files on t\n+0001b1f0: 6865 2054 4654 5020 7365 7276 6572 2077 he TFTP server w\n+0001b200: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c ill be accessibl\n+0001b210: 650a 7669 6120 7468 6520 2728 7466 7470 e.via the '(tftp\n+0001b220: 2927 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 )' device... T\n+0001b230: 6865 2073 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 he server IP add\n+0001b240: 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 ress can be cont\n+0001b250: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 rolled by changi\n+0001b260: 6e67 2074 6865 2027 2874 6674 7029 270a ng the '(tftp)'.\n+0001b270: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 2027 device name to '\n+0001b280: 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 5029 (tftp,SERVER-IP)\n+0001b290: 272e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 '. Note that th\n+0001b2a0: 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6861 is should be cha\n+0001b2b0: 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 6865 nged.both in the\n+0001b2c0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e 2061 prefix and in a\n+0001b2d0: 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 746f ny references to\n+0001b2e0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+0001b2f0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 in the.configur\n+0001b300: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation file... \n+0001b310: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7365 GRUB provides se\n+0001b320: 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e veral environmen\n+0001b330: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 t variables whic\n+0001b340: 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h may be used to\n+0001b350: 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 616e .inspect or chan\n+0001b360: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 ge the behaviour\n+0001b370: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 7669 of the PXE devi\n+0001b380: 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ce. In the foll\n+0001b390: 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f owing.descriptio\n+0001b3a0: 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 6973 n is\n+0001b3b0: 2070 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 6f72 placeholder for\n+0001b3c0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 the name of net\n+0001b3d0: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a28 work interface.(\n+0001b3e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e 6465 platform depende\n+0001b3f0: 6e74 293a 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 nt):..'net__ip'. \n+0001b410: 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 The network inte\n+0001b420: 7266 6163 6527 7320 4950 2061 6464 7265 rface's IP addre\n+0001b430: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a ss. Read-only..\n+0001b440: 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .'net__mac'. The \n+0001b460: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 network interfac\n+0001b470: 6527 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e e's MAC address.\n+0001b480: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e Read-only...'n\n+0001b490: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+0001b4a0: 6f73 746e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ostname'. Th\n+0001b4b0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 6e61 e client host na\n+0001b4c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n+0001b4d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001b4e0: 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .'net__domain'. T\n+0001b500: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 646f 6d61 696e he client domain\n+0001b510: 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 name provided b\n+0001b520: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n+0001b530: 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 y...'net__rootpath'. \n+0001b550: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 The path to \n+0001b560: 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f the client's roo\n+0001b570: 7420 6469 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t disk provided \n+0001b580: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001b590: 6c79 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ly...'net__extensions\n+0001b5b0: 7061 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 path'. The p\n+0001b5c0: 6174 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ath to additiona\n+0001b5d0: 6c20 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 l DHCP vendor ex\n+0001b5e0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 tensions provide\n+0001b5f0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 d by DHCP.. \n+0001b600: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 Read-only...'net\n+0001b610: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+0001b620: 745f 6669 6c65 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 t_file'. The\n+0001b630: 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 boot file name \n+0001b640: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001b650: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e . Read-only...'n\n+0001b660: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0001b670: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 hcp_server_name'\n+0001b680: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f . The name o\n+0001b690: 6620 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 f the DHCP serve\n+0001b6a0: 7220 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f r responsible fo\n+0001b6b0: 7220 7468 6573 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6172 r these boot par\n+0001b6c0: 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 ameters.. Re\n+0001b6d0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c ad-only...'net_<\n+0001b6e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+0001b6f0: 7365 7276 6572 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 server'. The\n+0001b700: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 IP address of t\n+0001b710: 6865 206e 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 he next (usually\n+0001b720: 2c20 5446 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 , TFTP) server p\n+0001b730: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001b740: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e . Read-only.\n+0001b750: 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 ..'net_default_i\n+0001b760: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 nterface'. I\n+0001b770: 6e69 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 nitially set to \n+0001b780: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n+0001b790: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 interface that w\n+0001b7a0: 6173 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a as used to load.\n+0001b7b0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 grub. Read\n+0001b7c0: 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 -write, although\n+0001b7d0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 setting it affe\n+0001b7e0: 6374 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 cts only interpr\n+0001b7f0: 6574 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 etation. of \n+0001b800: 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 'net_default_ip'\n+0001b810: 2061 6e64 2027 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c and 'net_defaul\n+0001b820: 745f 6d61 6327 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 t_mac'..'net_def\n+0001b830: 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ault_ip'. Th\n+0001b840: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 e IP address of \n+0001b850: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 default interfac\n+0001b860: 652e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 e. Read-only. \n+0001b870: 5468 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f This is alias fo\n+0001b880: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 6e65 745f r. the 'net_\n+0001b890: 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ${net_default_in\n+0001b8a0: 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f69 7027 2e0a 0a27 terface}_ip'...'\n+0001b8b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 6327 net_default_mac'\n+0001b8c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n+0001b8d0: 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 t interface's MA\n+0001b8e0: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 C address. Read\n+0001b8f0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 -only. This is \n+0001b900: 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 alias for. t\n+0001b910: 6865 2027 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f 6465 he 'net_${net_de\n+0001b920: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 657d fault_interface}\n+0001b930: 5f6d 6163 272e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 _mac'...'net_def\n+0001b940: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 0a20 2020 ault_server'. \n+0001b950: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 The default se\n+0001b960: 7276 6572 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 rver used by net\n+0001b970: 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f work drives (*no\n+0001b980: 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 te Device syntax\n+0001b990: 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 ::).. Read-w\n+0001b9a0: 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 rite, although s\n+0001b9b0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f etting this is o\n+0001b9c0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 nly useful befor\n+0001b9d0: 6520 6f70 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 e opening a. \n+0001b9e0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e network device.\n+0001b9f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001ba00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 nfo, Node: Seri\n+0001ba10: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 al terminal, Ne\n+0001ba20: 7874 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 xt: Vendor power\n+0001ba30: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a -on keys, Prev:\n+0001ba40: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Network, Up: T\n+0001ba50: 6f70 0a0a 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 op..9 Using GRUB\n+0001ba60: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n+0001ba70: 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ne.*************\n 0001ba80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ba90: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 ***..This chapte\n-0001baa0: 7220 6465 7363 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 r describes how \n-0001bab0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 to use the seria\n-0001bac0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f l terminal suppo\n-0001bad0: 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 rt in GRUB... \n-0001bae0: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 If you have many\n-0001baf0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f computers or co\n-0001bb00: 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 mputers with no \n-0001bb10: 6469 7370 6c61 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 display/keyboard\n-0001bb20: 2c20 6974 0a63 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 , it.could be ve\n-0001bb30: 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e ry useful to con\n-0001bb40: 7472 6f6c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 trol the compute\n-0001bb50: 7273 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 rs through seria\n-0001bb60: 6c0a 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 l.communications\n-0001bb70: 2e20 2054 6f20 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e . To connect on\n-0001bb80: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 e computer with \n-0001bb90: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 another via a se\n-0001bba0: 7269 616c 206c 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e rial line,.you n\n-0001bbb0: 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 eed to prepare a\n-0001bbc0: 206e 756c 6c2d 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f null-modem (cro\n-0001bbd0: 7373 2920 7365 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 ss) serial cable\n-0001bbe0: 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 , and you may ne\n-0001bbf0: 6564 0a74 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 ed.to have multi\n-0001bc00: 706f 7274 2073 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 port serial boar\n-0001bc10: 6473 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 ds, if your comp\n-0001bc20: 7574 6572 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 uter doesn't hav\n-0001bc30: 6520 6578 7472 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 e extra.serial p\n-0001bc40: 6f72 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 orts. In additi\n-0001bc50: 6f6e 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 on, a terminal e\n-0001bc60: 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 mulator is also \n-0001bc70: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 required, such.a\n-0001bc80: 7320 6d69 6e69 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 s minicom. Refe\n-0001bc90: 7220 746f 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 r to a manual of\n-0001bca0: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-0001bcb0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 system, for more\n-0001bcc0: 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 .information... \n-0001bcd0: 2020 4173 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 As for GRUB, t\n-0001bce0: 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 he instruction t\n-0001bcf0: 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 o set up a seria\n-0001bd00: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 l terminal is qu\n-0001bd10: 6974 650a 7369 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 ite.simple. Her\n-0001bd20: 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a e is an example:\n-0001bd30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 .. grub> ser\n-0001bd40: 6961 6c20 2d2d 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 ial --unit=0 --s\n-0001bd50: 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 peed=9600. g\n-0001bd60: 7275 623e 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e rub> terminal_in\n-0001bd70: 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d put serial; term\n-0001bd80: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 inal_output seri\n-0001bd90: 616c 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 al.. The comma\n-0001bda0: 6e64 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 696e 6974 nd 'serial' init\n-0001bdb0: 6961 6c69 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 ializes the seri\n-0001bdc0: 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 al unit 0 with t\n-0001bdd0: 6865 2073 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 he speed.9600bps\n-0001bde0: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e . The serial un\n-0001bdf0: 6974 2030 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 it 0 is usually \n-0001be00: 6361 6c6c 6564 2027 434f 4d31 272c 2073 called 'COM1', s\n-0001be10: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 o, if you want t\n-0001be20: 6f0a 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 o.use COM2, you \n-0001be30: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2027 2d2d must specify '--\n-0001be40: 756e 6974 3d31 2720 696e 7374 6561 642e unit=1' instead.\n-0001be50: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 This command a\n-0001be60: 6363 6570 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6f74 6865 ccepts.many othe\n-0001be70: 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 706c r options, so pl\n-0001be80: 6561 7365 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e ease refer to *n\n-0001be90: 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2c20 666f ote serial::, fo\n-0001bea0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n-0001beb0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 . The commands\n-0001bec0: 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 'terminal_input\n-0001bed0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ' (*note termina\n-0001bee0: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0a27 l_input::) and.'\n-0001bef0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7427 terminal_output'\n-0001bf00: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c (*note terminal\n-0001bf10: 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 _output::) choos\n-0001bf20: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a e which type of.\n-0001bf30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e terminal you wan\n-0001bf40: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 t to use. In th\n-0001bf50: 6520 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 e case above, th\n-0001bf60: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 e terminal will \n-0001bf70: 6265 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d be a.serial term\n-0001bf80: 696e 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 inal, but you ca\n-0001bf90: 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 2763 6f6e n also pass 'con\n-0001bfa0: 736f 6c65 2720 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d sole' to the com\n-0001bfb0: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0a27 7465 726d 696e mand, as.'termin\n-0001bfc0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 al_input serial \n-0001bfd0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6527 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 console'. In th\n-0001bfe0: 6973 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 is case, a termi\n-0001bff0: 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 nal in which you\n-0001c000: 0a70 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 .press any key w\n-0001c010: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 ill be selected \n-0001c020: 6173 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e as a GRUB termin\n-0001c030: 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d al. In the exam\n-0001c040: 706c 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 ple.above, note \n-0001c050: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f that you need to\n-0001c060: 2070 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e put both comman\n-0001c070: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 ds on the same c\n-0001c080: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 ommand line,.as \n-0001c090: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 you will lose th\n-0001c0a0: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 e ability to typ\n-0001c0b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 e commands on th\n-0001c0c0: 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 e console after \n-0001c0d0: 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the.first comman\n-0001c0e0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 d... However, \n-0001c0f0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 note that GRUB a\n-0001c100: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 ssumes that your\n-0001c110: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n-0001c120: 6f72 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 or is.compatible\n-0001c130: 2077 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 with VT100 by d\n-0001c140: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 efault. This is\n-0001c150: 2074 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 true for most t\n-0001c160: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal.emulator\n-0001c170: 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 s nowadays, but \n-0001c180: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 you should pass \n-0001c190: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 6475 the option '--du\n-0001c1a0: 6d62 2720 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 mb' to the.comma\n-0001c1b0: 6e64 2069 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 nd if your termi\n-0001c1c0: 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 nal emulator is \n-0001c1d0: 6e6f 7420 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 not VT100-compat\n-0001c1e0: 6962 6c65 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e ible or implemen\n-0001c1f0: 7473 0a66 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 ts.few VT100 esc\n-0001c200: 6170 6520 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 ape sequences. \n-0001c210: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 If you specify t\n-0001c220: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 his option then \n-0001c230: 4752 5542 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f GRUB.provides yo\n-0001c240: 7520 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e u with an altern\n-0001c250: 6174 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ative menu inter\n-0001c260: 6661 6365 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 face, because th\n-0001c270: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 e normal menu.re\n-0001c280: 7175 6972 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 quires several f\n-0001c290: 616e 6379 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 ancy features of\n-0001c2a0: 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a your terminal..\n-0001c2b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001c2c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f fo, Node: Vendo\n-0001c2d0: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n-0001c2e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Next: Images, \n-0001c2f0: 2050 7265 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 Prev: Serial te\n-0001c300: 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 rminal, Up: Top\n-0001c310: 0a0a 3130 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 ..10 Using GRUB \n-0001c320: 7769 7468 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 with vendor powe\n-0001c330: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a r-on keys.******\n+0001ba90: 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 *..This chapter \n+0001baa0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f describes how to\n+0001bab0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 use the serial \n+0001bac0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 terminal support\n+0001bad0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 in GRUB... If\n+0001bae0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 you have many c\n+0001baf0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 omputers or comp\n+0001bb00: 7574 6572 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 uters with no di\n+0001bb10: 7370 6c61 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 splay/keyboard, \n+0001bb20: 6974 0a63 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 it.could be very\n+0001bb30: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 useful to contr\n+0001bb40: 6f6c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 ol the computers\n+0001bb50: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a through serial.\n+0001bb60: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 communications. \n+0001bb70: 2054 6f20 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 To connect one \n+0001bb80: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e computer with an\n+0001bb90: 6f74 6865 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 other via a seri\n+0001bba0: 616c 206c 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 al line,.you nee\n+0001bbb0: 6420 746f 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e d to prepare a n\n+0001bbc0: 756c 6c2d 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 ull-modem (cross\n+0001bbd0: 2920 7365 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 ) serial cable, \n+0001bbe0: 616e 6420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 and you may need\n+0001bbf0: 0a74 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f .to have multipo\n+0001bc00: 7274 2073 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 rt serial boards\n+0001bc10: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 , if your comput\n+0001bc20: 6572 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 er doesn't have \n+0001bc30: 6578 7472 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 extra.serial por\n+0001bc40: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ts. In addition\n+0001bc50: 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 , a terminal emu\n+0001bc60: 6c61 746f 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 lator is also re\n+0001bc70: 7175 6972 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 quired, such.as \n+0001bc80: 6d69 6e69 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 minicom. Refer \n+0001bc90: 746f 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 to a manual of y\n+0001bca0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n+0001bcb0: 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 stem, for more.i\n+0001bcc0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n+0001bcd0: 4173 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 As for GRUB, the\n+0001bce0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 instruction to \n+0001bcf0: 7365 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 set up a serial \n+0001bd00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 terminal is quit\n+0001bd10: 650a 7369 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 e.simple. Here \n+0001bd20: 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a is an example:..\n+0001bd30: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 grub> seria\n+0001bd40: 6c20 2d2d 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 l --unit=0 --spe\n+0001bd50: 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ed=9600. gru\n+0001bd60: 623e 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 b> terminal_inpu\n+0001bd70: 7420 7365 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e t serial; termin\n+0001bd80: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c al_output serial\n+0001bd90: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .. The command\n+0001bda0: 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 696e 6974 6961 'serial' initia\n+0001bdb0: 6c69 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c lizes the serial\n+0001bdc0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 unit 0 with the\n+0001bdd0: 2073 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 speed.9600bps. \n+0001bde0: 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 The serial unit\n+0001bdf0: 2030 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 0 is usually ca\n+0001be00: 6c6c 6564 2027 434f 4d31 272c 2073 6f2c lled 'COM1', so,\n+0001be10: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a if you want to.\n+0001be20: 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 use COM2, you mu\n+0001be30: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2027 2d2d 756e st specify '--un\n+0001be40: 6974 3d31 2720 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 it=1' instead. \n+0001be50: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6363 This command acc\n+0001be60: 6570 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 epts.many other \n+0001be70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 706c 6561 options, so plea\n+0001be80: 7365 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 se refer to *not\n+0001be90: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 e serial::, for \n+0001bea0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 more details... \n+0001beb0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2027 The commands '\n+0001bec0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 terminal_input' \n+0001bed0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f (*note terminal_\n+0001bee0: 696e 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0a27 7465 input::) and.'te\n+0001bef0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7427 2028 rminal_output' (\n+0001bf00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f *note terminal_o\n+0001bf10: 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 utput::) choose \n+0001bf20: 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 which type of.te\n+0001bf30: 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 rminal you want \n+0001bf40: 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 to use. In the \n+0001bf50: 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 case above, the \n+0001bf60: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 terminal will be\n+0001bf70: 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e a.serial termin\n+0001bf80: 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 al, but you can \n+0001bf90: 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 2763 6f6e 736f also pass 'conso\n+0001bfa0: 6c65 2720 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 le' to the comma\n+0001bfb0: 6e64 2c20 6173 0a27 7465 726d 696e 616c nd, as.'terminal\n+0001bfc0: 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 636f _input serial co\n+0001bfd0: 6e73 6f6c 6527 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 nsole'. In this\n+0001bfe0: 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 case, a termina\n+0001bff0: 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 l in which you.p\n+0001c000: 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c ress any key wil\n+0001c010: 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 l be selected as\n+0001c020: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c a GRUB terminal\n+0001c030: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c . In the exampl\n+0001c040: 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 e.above, note th\n+0001c050: 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 at you need to p\n+0001c060: 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ut both commands\n+0001c070: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d on the same com\n+0001c080: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f mand line,.as yo\n+0001c090: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 u will lose the \n+0001c0a0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 ability to type \n+0001c0b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 commands on the \n+0001c0c0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 console after th\n+0001c0d0: 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e e.first command.\n+0001c0e0: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f .. However, no\n+0001c0f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 te that GRUB ass\n+0001c100: 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 umes that your t\n+0001c110: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n+0001c120: 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 is.compatible w\n+0001c130: 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 ith VT100 by def\n+0001c140: 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 ault. This is t\n+0001c150: 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 rue for most ter\n+0001c160: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 minal.emulators \n+0001c170: 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f nowadays, but yo\n+0001c180: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 u should pass th\n+0001c190: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 6475 6d62 e option '--dumb\n+0001c1a0: 2720 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ' to the.command\n+0001c1b0: 2069 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 if your termina\n+0001c1c0: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f l emulator is no\n+0001c1d0: 7420 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 t VT100-compatib\n+0001c1e0: 6c65 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 le or implements\n+0001c1f0: 0a66 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 .few VT100 escap\n+0001c200: 6520 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 e sequences. If\n+0001c210: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 you specify thi\n+0001c220: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 s option then GR\n+0001c230: 5542 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 UB.provides you \n+0001c240: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 with an alternat\n+0001c250: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ive menu interfa\n+0001c260: 6365 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 ce, because the \n+0001c270: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 normal menu.requ\n+0001c280: 6972 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e ires several fan\n+0001c290: 6379 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 cy features of y\n+0001c2a0: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f our terminal....\n+0001c2b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001c2c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Node: Vendor \n+0001c2d0: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n+0001c2e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 Next: Images, P\n+0001c2f0: 7265 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d rev: Serial term\n+0001c300: 696e 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a inal, Up: Top..\n+0001c310: 3130 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 10 Using GRUB wi\n+0001c320: 7468 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d th vendor power-\n+0001c330: 6f6e 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a on keys.********\n 0001c340: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c350: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c360: 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 *..Some laptop v\n-0001c370: 656e 646f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 endors provide a\n-0001c380: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 n additional pow\n-0001c390: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 er-on button whi\n-0001c3a0: 6368 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 ch boots.another\n-0001c3b0: 204f 532e 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 OS. GRUB suppor\n-0001c3c0: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 ts such buttons \n-0001c3d0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2027 4752 5542 5f54 with the 'GRUB_T\n-0001c3e0: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a IMEOUT_BUTTON',.\n-0001c3f0: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0001c400: 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e 272c 2027 4752 YLE_BUTTON', 'GR\n-0001c410: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n-0001c420: 4e27 2c20 616e 640a 2747 5255 425f 4255 N', and.'GRUB_BU\n-0001c430: 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 TTON_CMOS_ADDRES\n-0001c440: 5327 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 S' variables in \n-0001c450: 6465 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e default/grub (*n\n-0001c460: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n-0001c470: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 2747 guration::). 'G\n-0001c480: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 RUB_TIMEOUT_BUTT\n-0001c490: 4f4e 272c 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ON', 'GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001c4a0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 UT_STYLE_BUTTON'\n-0001c4b0: 2c0a 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 ,.and 'GRUB_DEFA\n-0001c4c0: 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 6172 6520 ULT_BUTTON' are \n-0001c4d0: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 used instead of \n-0001c4e0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n-0001c4f0: 670a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 g.variables with\n-0001c500: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e out the '_BUTTON\n-0001c510: 2720 7375 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f ' suffix when po\n-0001c520: 7765 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 wered on using t\n-0001c530: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f he special.butto\n-0001c540: 6e2e 2020 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e n. 'GRUB_BUTTON\n-0001c550: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 2069 _CMOS_ADDRESS' i\n-0001c560: 7320 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 s vendor-specifi\n-0001c570: 6320 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a c and partially.\n-0001c580: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 model-specific. \n-0001c590: 2056 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f Values known to\n-0001c5a0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 the GRUB team a\n-0001c5b0: 7265 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d re:... 121:\n-0001c5d0: 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 3.. 85:3.. 85:3.\n-0001c620: 0a20 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f . 84:1 (unco\n-0001c630: 6e66 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f nfirmed).. \n-0001c660: 3130 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 101:3.. To tak\n-0001c670: 6520 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 e full advantage\n-0001c680: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f of this functio\n-0001c690: 6e2c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 n, install GRUB \n-0001c6a0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e into the MBR.(*n\n-0001c6b0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 ote Installing G\n-0001c6c0: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n-0001c6d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 nstall::)... I\n-0001c6e0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 f you have a lap\n-0001c6f0: 746f 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 top which has a \n-0001c700: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 similar feature \n-0001c710: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 and not in the a\n-0001c720: 626f 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 bove.list could \n-0001c730: 796f 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 you figure your \n-0001c740: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 address and cont\n-0001c750: 7269 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 ribute? To disc\n-0001c760: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 over the.address\n-0001c770: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e do the followin\n-0001c780: 673a 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 g:. * boot nor\n-0001c790: 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 202a 2020 2020 2020 mally. * \n-0001c7a0: 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 sudo modprobe nv\n-0001c7b0: 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 ram. su\n-0001c7c0: 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 do cat /dev/nvra\n-0001c7d0: 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c m | xxd > normal\n-0001c7e0: 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 202a _button.txt. *\n-0001c7f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 boot using vend\n-0001c800: 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 202a 2020 or button. * \n-0001c810: 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 sudo modprob\n-0001c820: 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e nvram. \n-0001c830: 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f sudo cat /dev/\n-0001c840: 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f nvram | xxd > no\n-0001c850: 726d 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a rmal_vendor.txt.\n-0001c860: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 . Then compare\n-0001c870: 2074 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 these text file\n-0001c880: 7320 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 s and find where\n-0001c890: 2061 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c a bit was toggl\n-0001c8a0: 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 ed. E.g..in cas\n-0001c8b0: 6520 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 e of Dell XPS it\n-0001c8c0: 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 was:. byte \n-0001c8d0: 3078 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 0x47: 20 --> 28.\n-0001c8e0: 2020 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 It's a bit nu\n-0001c8f0: 6d62 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 mber 3 as seen f\n-0001c900: 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 rom following ta\n-0001c910: 626c 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble:.0 \n-0001c920: 2020 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001c930: 2020 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001c940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001c950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 08.4 \n-0001c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 10.5\n-0001c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 20\n-0001c980: 0a36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .6 \n-0001c990: 3430 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001c9a0: 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 80.. 0x47 is\n-0001c9b0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 decimal 71. Li\n-0001c9c0: 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d nux nvram implem\n-0001c9d0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 entation cuts fi\n-0001c9e0: 7273 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 rst 14 bytes.of \n-0001c9f0: 434d 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 CMOS. So the rea\n-0001ca00: 6c20 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 l byte address i\n-0001ca10: 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d n CMOS is 71+14=\n-0001ca20: 3835 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 85 So complete.a\n-0001ca30: 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a ddress is 85:3..\n-0001ca40: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001ca50: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 o, Node: Images\n-0001ca60: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Next: Core im\n-0001ca70: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n-0001ca80: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 ion, Prev: Vend\n-0001ca90: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n-0001caa0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 , Up: Top..11 G\n-0001cab0: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a RUB image files.\n+0001c350: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001c360: 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e .Some laptop ven\n+0001c370: 646f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 dors provide an \n+0001c380: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 additional power\n+0001c390: 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 -on button which\n+0001c3a0: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f boots.another O\n+0001c3b0: 532e 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 S. GRUB supports\n+0001c3c0: 2073 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 such buttons wi\n+0001c3d0: 7468 2074 6865 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d th the 'GRUB_TIM\n+0001c3e0: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a 2747 EOUT_BUTTON',.'G\n+0001c3f0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n+0001c400: 455f 4255 5454 4f4e 272c 2027 4752 5542 E_BUTTON', 'GRUB\n+0001c410: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 _DEFAULT_BUTTON'\n+0001c420: 2c20 616e 640a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 , and.'GRUB_BUTT\n+0001c430: 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 ON_CMOS_ADDRESS'\n+0001c440: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 variables in de\n+0001c450: 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 fault/grub (*not\n+0001c460: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n+0001c470: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 2747 5255 ration::). 'GRU\n+0001c480: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n+0001c490: 272c 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ', 'GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001c4a0: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a _STYLE_BUTTON',.\n+0001c4b0: 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c and 'GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0001c4c0: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 6172 6520 7573 T_BUTTON' are us\n+0001c4d0: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 ed instead of th\n+0001c4e0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a e corresponding.\n+0001c4f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 variables withou\n+0001c500: 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 t the '_BUTTON' \n+0001c510: 7375 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 suffix when powe\n+0001c520: 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 red on using the\n+0001c530: 2073 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e special.button.\n+0001c540: 2020 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 'GRUB_BUTTON_C\n+0001c550: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 2069 7320 MOS_ADDRESS' is \n+0001c560: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n+0001c570: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f and partially.mo\n+0001c580: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 del-specific. V\n+0001c590: 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 alues known to t\n+0001c5a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 he GRUB team are\n+0001c5b0: 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 :... 121:3.\n+0001c5d0: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 303e \n+0001c5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c . 85:3.\n+0001c600: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 . 85:3.. \n+0001c620: 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 84:1 (unconf\n+0001c630: 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 irmed).. 10\n+0001c660: 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 1:3.. To take \n+0001c670: 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f full advantage o\n+0001c680: 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c f this function,\n+0001c690: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n+0001c6a0: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 to the MBR.(*not\n+0001c6b0: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 e Installing GRU\n+0001c6c0: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+0001c6d0: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 tall::)... If \n+0001c6e0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f you have a lapto\n+0001c6f0: 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 p which has a si\n+0001c700: 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e milar feature an\n+0001c710: 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f d not in the abo\n+0001c720: 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f ve.list could yo\n+0001c730: 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 u figure your ad\n+0001c740: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 dress and contri\n+0001c750: 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 bute? To discov\n+0001c760: 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 er the.address d\n+0001c770: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a o the following:\n+0001c780: 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 . * boot norma\n+0001c790: 6c6c 790a 2020 202a 2020 2020 2020 7375 lly. * su\n+0001c7a0: 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 do modprobe nvra\n+0001c7b0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f m. sudo\n+0001c7c0: 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 cat /dev/nvram \n+0001c7d0: 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 | xxd > normal_b\n+0001c7e0: 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 202a 2062 utton.txt. * b\n+0001c7f0: 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 oot using vendor\n+0001c800: 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 202a 2020 2020 button. * \n+0001c810: 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 sudo modprobe \n+0001c820: 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n+0001c830: 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 sudo cat /dev/nv\n+0001c840: 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d ram | xxd > norm\n+0001c850: 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 al_vendor.txt.. \n+0001c860: 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 Then compare t\n+0001c870: 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 hese text files \n+0001c880: 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 and find where a\n+0001c890: 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 bit was toggled\n+0001c8a0: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 . E.g..in case \n+0001c8b0: 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 of Dell XPS it w\n+0001c8c0: 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 as:. byte 0x\n+0001c8d0: 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 47: 20 --> 28. \n+0001c8e0: 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 It's a bit numb\n+0001c8f0: 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f er 3 as seen fro\n+0001c900: 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c m following tabl\n+0001c910: 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:.0 \n+0001c920: 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001c930: 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001c940: 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001c950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 10.5 \n+0001c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 20.6\n+0001c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 40\n+0001c990: 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .7 \n+0001c9a0: 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 80.. 0x47 is d\n+0001c9b0: 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 ecimal 71. Linu\n+0001c9c0: 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e x nvram implemen\n+0001c9d0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 tation cuts firs\n+0001c9e0: 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d t 14 bytes.of CM\n+0001c9f0: 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 OS. So the real \n+0001ca00: 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 byte address in \n+0001ca10: 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 CMOS is 71+14=85\n+0001ca20: 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 So complete.add\n+0001ca30: 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a ress is 85:3....\n+0001ca40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001ca50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Node: Images, \n+0001ca60: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Next: Core imag\n+0001ca70: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001ca80: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 n, Prev: Vendor\n+0001ca90: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 power-on keys, \n+0001caa0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 Up: Top..11 GRU\n+0001cab0: 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a B image files.**\n 0001cac0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001cad0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 ***..GRUB consis\n-0001cae0: 7473 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d ts of several im\n-0001caf0: 6167 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 ages: a variety \n-0001cb00: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 of bootstrap ima\n-0001cb10: 6765 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ges for.starting\n-0001cb20: 2047 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 GRUB in various\n-0001cb30: 2077 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ways, a kernel \n-0001cb40: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 image, and a set\n-0001cb50: 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 of modules.whic\n-0001cb60: 6820 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 h are combined w\n-0001cb70: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ith the kernel i\n-0001cb80: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 mage to form a c\n-0001cb90: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 ore image. Here\n-0001cba0: 2069 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 is.a short over\n-0001cbb0: 7669 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a27 view of them...'\n-0001cbc0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 204f boot.img'. O\n-0001cbd0: 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d n PC BIOS system\n-0001cbe0: 732c 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 s, this image is\n-0001cbf0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 the first part \n-0001cc00: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 of GRUB to start\n-0001cc10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 .. It is wri\n-0001cc20: 7474 656e 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 tten to a master\n-0001cc30: 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 boot record (MB\n-0001cc40: 5229 206f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f R) or to the boo\n-0001cc50: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 t sector. of\n-0001cc60: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 a partition. B\n-0001cc70: 6563 6175 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 ecause a PC boot\n-0001cc80: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 sector is 512 b\n-0001cc90: 7974 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f ytes, the size o\n-0001cca0: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 f. this imag\n-0001ccb0: 6520 6973 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 e is exactly 512\n-0001ccc0: 2062 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 bytes... Th\n-0001ccd0: 6520 736f 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 e sole function \n-0001cce0: 6f66 2027 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 of 'boot.img' is\n-0001ccf0: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 to read the fir\n-0001cd00: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n-0001cd10: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 . core image\n-0001cd20: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 from a local di\n-0001cd30: 736b 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 sk and jump to i\n-0001cd40: 742e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 t. Because of t\n-0001cd50: 6865 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 he size. res\n-0001cd60: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 2762 6f6f 742e triction, 'boot.\n-0001cd70: 696d 6727 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 img' cannot unde\n-0001cd80: 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 rstand any file \n-0001cd90: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 system. stru\n-0001cda0: 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 2767 7275 622d cture, so 'grub-\n-0001cdb0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2068 6172 6463 6f64 install' hardcod\n-0001cdc0: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es the location \n-0001cdd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 of the first. \n-0001cde0: 2020 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 sector of the \n-0001cdf0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 core image into \n-0001ce00: 2762 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2077 6865 6e20 'boot.img' when \n-0001ce10: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e installing GRUB.\n-0001ce20: 0a0a 2764 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 ..'diskboot.img'\n-0001ce30: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n-0001ce40: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 is used as the \n-0001ce50: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-0001ce60: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n-0001ce70: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 hen. booting\n-0001ce80: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 from a hard dis\n-0001ce90: 6b2e 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 k. It reads the\n-0001cea0: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 rest of the cor\n-0001ceb0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 e image into. \n-0001cec0: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 memory and sta\n-0001ced0: 7274 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 rts the kernel. \n-0001cee0: 2053 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 Since file syst\n-0001cef0: 656d 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e em handling is n\n-0001cf00: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 ot. yet avai\n-0001cf10: 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 lable, it encode\n-0001cf20: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f s the location o\n-0001cf30: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001cf40: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c using a. bl\n-0001cf50: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e ock list format.\n-0001cf60: 0a0a 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 ..'cdboot.img'. \n-0001cf70: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n-0001cf80: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n-0001cf90: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-0001cfa0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001cfb0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n-0001cfc0: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 rom a CD-ROM dri\n-0001cfd0: 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 ve. It performs\n-0001cfe0: 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 a similar funct\n-0001cff0: 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6973 ion to. 'dis\n-0001d000: 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a27 7078 kboot.img'...'px\n-0001d010: 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 2020 eboot.img'. \n-0001d020: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 This image is us\n-0001d030: 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 ed as the start \n-0001d040: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n-0001d050: 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 e when booting f\n-0001d060: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 rom. the net\n-0001d070: 776f 726b 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 work using PXE. \n-0001d080: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-0001d090: 0a0a 276c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a ..'lnxboot.img'.\n-0001d0a0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001d0b0: 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 may be placed at\n-0001d0c0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-0001d0d0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 e core image in \n-0001d0e0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 order to. ma\n-0001d0f0: 6b65 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f ke GRUB look eno\n-0001d100: 7567 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 ugh like a Linux\n-0001d110: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 kernel that it \n-0001d120: 6361 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 can be booted by\n-0001d130: 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 . LILO using\n-0001d140: 2061 6e20 2769 6d61 6765 3d27 2073 6563 an 'image=' sec\n-0001d150: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 tion...'kernel.i\n-0001d160: 6d67 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d mg'. This im\n-0001d170: 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 age contains GRU\n-0001d180: 4227 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 B's basic run-ti\n-0001d190: 6d65 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 me facilities: f\n-0001d1a0: 7261 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 rameworks. f\n-0001d1b0: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 or device and fi\n-0001d1c0: 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 le handling, env\n-0001d1d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0001d1e0: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 es, the rescue. \n-0001d1f0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mode command\n-0001d200: 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e -line parser, an\n-0001d210: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 d so on. It is \n-0001d220: 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 rarely used dire\n-0001d230: 6374 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 ctly,. but i\n-0001d240: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c s built into all\n-0001d250: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a27 core images...'\n-0001d260: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 2054 core.img'. T\n-0001d270: 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 his is the core \n-0001d280: 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 image of GRUB. I\n-0001d290: 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d t is built dynam\n-0001d2a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a ically from the.\n-0001d2b0: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 kernel imag\n-0001d2c0: 6520 616e 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 e and an arbitra\n-0001d2d0: 7279 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c ry list of modul\n-0001d2e0: 6573 2062 7920 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d es by the 'grub-\n-0001d2f0: 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7072 mkimage'. pr\n-0001d300: 6f67 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c ogram. Usually,\n-0001d310: 2069 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f it contains eno\n-0001d320: 7567 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 ugh modules to a\n-0001d330: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f ccess. '/boo\n-0001d340: 742f 6772 7562 272c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 t/grub', and loa\n-0001d350: 6473 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c ds everything el\n-0001d360: 7365 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 se (including me\n-0001d370: 6e75 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 nu handling,. \n-0001d380: 2020 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f the ability to\n-0001d390: 206c 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 load target ope\n-0001d3a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-0001d3b0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 and so on) from \n-0001d3c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 the. file sy\n-0001d3d0: 7374 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 stem at run-time\n-0001d3e0: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 . The modular d\n-0001d3f0: 6573 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 esign allows the\n-0001d400: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 core image. \n-0001d410: 2074 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c to be kept smal\n-0001d420: 6c2c 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 l, since the are\n-0001d430: 6173 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 as of disk where\n-0001d440: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 it must be. \n-0001d450: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f installed are o\n-0001d460: 6674 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 ften as small as\n-0001d470: 2033 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 32KB... *No\n-0001d480: 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 te BIOS installa\n-0001d490: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 tion::, for deta\n-0001d4a0: 696c 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ils on where the\n-0001d4b0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a core image can.\n-0001d4c0: 2020 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 be installe\n-0001d4d0: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e d on PC systems.\n-0001d4e0: 0a0a 272a 2e6d 6f64 270a 2020 2020 2045 ..'*.mod'. E\n-0001d4f0: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 verything else i\n-0001d500: 6e20 4752 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 n GRUB resides i\n-0001d510: 6e20 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f n dynamically lo\n-0001d520: 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a adable modules..\n-0001d530: 2020 2020 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f These are o\n-0001d540: 6674 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f ften loaded auto\n-0001d550: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 matically, or bu\n-0001d560: 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ilt into the cor\n-0001d570: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 e image. if \n-0001d580: 7468 6579 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 they are essenti\n-0001d590: 616c 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f al, but may also\n-0001d5a0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 be loaded manua\n-0001d5b0: 6c6c 7920 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 lly using the. \n-0001d5c0: 2020 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 636f 6d6d 'insmod' comm\n-0001d5d0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f and (*note insmo\n-0001d5e0: 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 d::)...For GRUB \n-0001d5f0: 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d Legacy users.===\n+0001cad0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 *..GRUB consists\n+0001cae0: 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 of several imag\n+0001caf0: 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 es: a variety of\n+0001cb00: 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 bootstrap image\n+0001cb10: 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 s for.starting G\n+0001cb20: 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 RUB in various w\n+0001cb30: 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d ays, a kernel im\n+0001cb40: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f age, and a set o\n+0001cb50: 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 f modules.which \n+0001cb60: 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 are combined wit\n+0001cb70: 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 h the kernel ima\n+0001cb80: 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 ge to form a cor\n+0001cb90: 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 e image. Here i\n+0001cba0: 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 s.a short overvi\n+0001cbb0: 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a27 626f ew of them...'bo\n+0001cbc0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 ot.img'. On \n+0001cbd0: 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c PC BIOS systems,\n+0001cbe0: 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 this image is t\n+0001cbf0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 he first part of\n+0001cc00: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a GRUB to start..\n+0001cc10: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 It is writt\n+0001cc20: 656e 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 en to a master b\n+0001cc30: 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 oot record (MBR)\n+0001cc40: 206f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 or to the boot \n+0001cc50: 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 sector. of a\n+0001cc60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 partition. Bec\n+0001cc70: 6175 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 ause a PC boot s\n+0001cc80: 6563 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 ector is 512 byt\n+0001cc90: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a es, the size of.\n+0001cca0: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 this image \n+0001ccb0: 6973 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 is exactly 512 b\n+0001ccc0: 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ytes... The \n+0001ccd0: 736f 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 sole function of\n+0001cce0: 2027 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2074 'boot.img' is t\n+0001ccf0: 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 o read the first\n+0001cd00: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 sector of the. \n+0001cd10: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 core image f\n+0001cd20: 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b rom a local disk\n+0001cd30: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e and jump to it.\n+0001cd40: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 Because of the\n+0001cd50: 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 size. restr\n+0001cd60: 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 2762 6f6f 742e 696d iction, 'boot.im\n+0001cd70: 6727 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 7273 g' cannot unders\n+0001cd80: 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 tand any file sy\n+0001cd90: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 stem. struct\n+0001cda0: 7572 652c 2073 6f20 2767 7275 622d 696e ure, so 'grub-in\n+0001cdb0: 7374 616c 6c27 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 stall' hardcodes\n+0001cdc0: 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the location of\n+0001cdd0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the first. \n+0001cde0: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f sector of the co\n+0001cdf0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 2762 re image into 'b\n+0001ce00: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2077 6865 6e20 696e oot.img' when in\n+0001ce10: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a stalling GRUB...\n+0001ce20: 2764 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 'diskboot.img'. \n+0001ce30: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n+0001ce40: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n+0001ce50: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+0001ce60: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n+0001ce70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n+0001ce80: 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e rom a hard disk.\n+0001ce90: 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 It reads the r\n+0001cea0: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 est of the core \n+0001ceb0: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 image into. \n+0001cec0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 memory and start\n+0001ced0: 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 s the kernel. S\n+0001cee0: 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ince file system\n+0001cef0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 handling is not\n+0001cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 . yet availa\n+0001cf10: 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 ble, it encodes \n+0001cf20: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n+0001cf30: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 the core image u\n+0001cf40: 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 sing a. bloc\n+0001cf50: 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a k list format...\n+0001cf60: 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 'cdboot.img'. \n+0001cf70: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n+0001cf80: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 used as the firs\n+0001cf90: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n+0001cfa0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a core image when.\n+0001cfb0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f booting fro\n+0001cfc0: 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 m a CD-ROM drive\n+0001cfd0: 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 . It performs a\n+0001cfe0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 696f similar functio\n+0001cff0: 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6973 6b62 n to. 'diskb\n+0001d000: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a27 7078 6562 oot.img'...'pxeb\n+0001d010: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 2020 5468 oot.img'. Th\n+0001d020: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 is image is used\n+0001d030: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 as the start of\n+0001d040: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001d050: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f when booting fro\n+0001d060: 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f m. the netwo\n+0001d070: 726b 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e rk using PXE. *N\n+0001d080: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001d090: 276c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 'lnxboot.img'. \n+0001d0a0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6d61 This image ma\n+0001d0b0: 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 2074 y be placed at t\n+0001d0c0: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+0001d0d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 core image in or\n+0001d0e0: 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 der to. make\n+0001d0f0: 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 GRUB look enoug\n+0001d100: 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b h like a Linux k\n+0001d110: 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 ernel that it ca\n+0001d120: 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 0a20 n be booted by. \n+0001d130: 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 2061 LILO using a\n+0001d140: 6e20 2769 6d61 6765 3d27 2073 6563 7469 n 'image=' secti\n+0001d150: 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 on...'kernel.img\n+0001d160: 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 '. This imag\n+0001d170: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 e contains GRUB'\n+0001d180: 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 s basic run-time\n+0001d190: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 facilities: fra\n+0001d1a0: 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 meworks. for\n+0001d1b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 device and file\n+0001d1c0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 handling, envir\n+0001d1d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001d1e0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 , the rescue. \n+0001d1f0: 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c mode command-l\n+0001d200: 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 ine parser, and \n+0001d210: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 so on. It is ra\n+0001d220: 7265 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 rely used direct\n+0001d230: 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 ly,. but is \n+0001d240: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 built into all c\n+0001d250: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a27 636f ore images...'co\n+0001d260: 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 re.img'. Thi\n+0001d270: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d s is the core im\n+0001d280: 6167 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 age of GRUB. It \n+0001d290: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 is built dynamic\n+0001d2a0: 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 ally from the. \n+0001d2b0: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 kernel image \n+0001d2c0: 616e 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 and an arbitrary\n+0001d2d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list of modules\n+0001d2e0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b by the 'grub-mk\n+0001d2f0: 696d 6167 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 image'. prog\n+0001d300: 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 ram. Usually, i\n+0001d310: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f 7567 t contains enoug\n+0001d320: 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 6363 h modules to acc\n+0001d330: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f ess. '/boot/\n+0001d340: 6772 7562 272c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 grub', and loads\n+0001d350: 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 everything else\n+0001d360: 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 (including menu\n+0001d370: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 handling,. \n+0001d380: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c the ability to l\n+0001d390: 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 oad target opera\n+0001d3a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e ting systems, an\n+0001d3b0: 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 7468 d so on) from th\n+0001d3c0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e. file syst\n+0001d3d0: 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 em at run-time. \n+0001d3e0: 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 6573 The modular des\n+0001d3f0: 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2063 ign allows the c\n+0001d400: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2074 ore image. t\n+0001d410: 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c 6c2c o be kept small,\n+0001d420: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 6173 since the areas\n+0001d430: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 2069 of disk where i\n+0001d440: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2069 t must be. i\n+0001d450: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f 6674 nstalled are oft\n+0001d460: 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 2033 en as small as 3\n+0001d470: 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2KB... *Note\n+0001d480: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+0001d490: 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c on::, for detail\n+0001d4a0: 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2063 s on where the c\n+0001d4b0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 ore image can. \n+0001d4c0: 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 be installed \n+0001d4d0: 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a on PC systems...\n+0001d4e0: 272a 2e6d 6f64 270a 2020 2020 2045 7665 '*.mod'. Eve\n+0001d4f0: 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 rything else in \n+0001d500: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 GRUB resides in \n+0001d510: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 dynamically load\n+0001d520: 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 able modules.. \n+0001d530: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 These are oft\n+0001d540: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 en loaded automa\n+0001d550: 7469 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c tically, or buil\n+0001d560: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 t into the core \n+0001d570: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 image. if th\n+0001d580: 6579 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ey are essential\n+0001d590: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 , but may also b\n+0001d5a0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c e loaded manuall\n+0001d5b0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 y using the. \n+0001d5c0: 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'insmod' comman\n+0001d5d0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a d (*note insmod:\n+0001d5e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 :)...For GRUB Le\n+0001d5f0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d gacy users.=====\n 0001d600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001d610: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 ==..GRUB 2 has a\n-0001d620: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 different desig\n-0001d630: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 n from GRUB Lega\n-0001d640: 6379 2c20 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 cy, and so corre\n-0001d650: 7370 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 spondences.with \n-0001d660: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 the images it us\n-0001d670: 6564 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 ed cannot be exa\n-0001d680: 6374 2e20 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 ct. Nevertheles\n-0001d690: 732c 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 s, GRUB Legacy.u\n-0001d6a0: 7365 7273 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 sers often ask q\n-0001d6b0: 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 uestions in the \n-0001d6c0: 7465 726d 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 terms they are f\n-0001d6d0: 616d 696c 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e amiliar with, an\n-0001d6e0: 6420 736f 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 d so.here is a b\n-0001d6f0: 7269 6566 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f rief guide to ho\n-0001d700: 7720 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 w GRUB 2's image\n-0001d710: 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 s relate to that\n-0001d720: 2e0a 0a27 7374 6167 6531 270a 2020 2020 ...'stage1'. \n-0001d730: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Stage 1 from GR\n-0001d740: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 UB Legacy was ve\n-0001d750: 7279 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 2762 ry similar to 'b\n-0001d760: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 4752 5542 oot.img' in GRUB\n-0001d770: 2032 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2,. and the\n-0001d780: 7920 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 y serve the same\n-0001d790: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 272a 5f73 function...'*_s\n-0001d7a0: 7461 6765 315f 3527 0a20 2020 2020 496e tage1_5'. In\n-0001d7b0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 GRUB Legacy, St\n-0001d7c0: 6167 6520 312e 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 age 1.5's functi\n-0001d7d0: 6f6e 2077 6173 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 on was to includ\n-0001d7e0: 6520 656e 6f75 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 e enough. fi\n-0001d7f0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f lesystem code to\n-0001d800: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 allow the much \n-0001d810: 6c61 7267 6572 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 larger Stage 2 t\n-0001d820: 6f20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 o be read from a\n-0001d830: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 n. ordinary \n-0001d840: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 filesystem. In \n-0001d850: 7468 6973 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 this respect, it\n-0001d860: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 s function was s\n-0001d870: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 imilar to. '\n-0001d880: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 696e 2047 5255 core.img' in GRU\n-0001d890: 4220 322e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2027 B 2. However, '\n-0001d8a0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 206d 7563 core.img' is muc\n-0001d8b0: 6820 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 h more capable. \n-0001d8c0: 2020 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 than Stage 1\n-0001d8d0: 2e35 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 .5 was; since it\n-0001d8e0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n-0001d8f0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f shell, it is so\n-0001d900: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 metimes. pos\n-0001d910: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 sible to recover\n-0001d920: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 manually in the\n-0001d930: 2065 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 event that it i\n-0001d940: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 s unable to load\n-0001d950: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 . any other \n-0001d960: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 modules, for exa\n-0001d970: 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f mple if partitio\n-0001d980: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 n numbers have c\n-0001d990: 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 636f hanged.. 'co\n-0001d9a0: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2062 7569 6c74 re.img' is built\n-0001d9b0: 2069 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 in a more flexi\n-0001d9c0: 626c 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e ble way, allowin\n-0001d9d0: 6720 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 g GRUB 2 to. \n-0001d9e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 support reading\n-0001d9f0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 modules from ad\n-0001da00: 7661 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 vanced disk type\n-0001da10: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e s such as LVM an\n-0001da20: 640a 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 d. RAID... \n-0001da30: 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 GRUB Legacy c\n-0001da40: 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e ould run with on\n-0001da50: 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 ly Stage 1 and S\n-0001da60: 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c tage 2 in some l\n-0001da70: 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 imited. conf\n-0001da80: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c igurations, whil\n-0001da90: 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 e GRUB 2 require\n-0001daa0: 7320 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2061 6e64 s 'core.img' and\n-0001dab0: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 0a20 2020 cannot work. \n-0001dac0: 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a 0a27 without it...'\n-0001dad0: 7374 6167 6532 270a 2020 2020 2047 5255 stage2'. GRU\n-0001dae0: 4220 3220 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c B 2 has no singl\n-0001daf0: 6520 5374 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e e Stage 2 image.\n-0001db00: 2020 496e 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f Instead, it lo\n-0001db10: 6164 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ads modules from\n-0001db20: 0a20 2020 2020 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 . '/boot/gru\n-0001db30: 6227 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a b' at run-time..\n-0001db40: 0a27 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 .'stage2_eltorit\n-0001db50: 6f27 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 o'. In GRUB \n-0001db60: 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 2, images for bo\n-0001db70: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f oting from CD-RO\n-0001db80: 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 M drives are now\n-0001db90: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 . constructe\n-0001dba0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 2763 6462 6f6f 742e d using 'cdboot.\n-0001dbb0: 696d 6727 2061 6e64 2027 636f 7265 2e69 img' and 'core.i\n-0001dbc0: 6d67 272c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 mg', making sure\n-0001dbd0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 that the. c\n-0001dbe0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 ore image contai\n-0001dbf0: 6e73 2074 6865 2027 6973 6f39 3636 3027 ns the 'iso9660'\n-0001dc00: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 module. It is \n-0001dc10: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a usually best to.\n-0001dc20: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 6772 use the 'gr\n-0001dc30: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2070 726f ub-mkrescue' pro\n-0001dc40: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a gram for this...\n-0001dc50: 276e 6267 7275 6227 0a20 2020 2020 5468 'nbgrub'. Th\n-0001dc60: 6572 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f ere is as yet no\n-0001dc70: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 equivalent for \n-0001dc80: 276e 6267 7275 6227 2069 6e20 4752 5542 'nbgrub' in GRUB\n-0001dc90: 2032 3b20 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2; it was used.\n-0001dca0: 2020 2020 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f by Etherboo\n-0001dcb0: 7420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 t and some other\n-0001dcc0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f network boot lo\n-0001dcd0: 6164 6572 732e 0a0a 2770 7865 6772 7562 aders...'pxegrub\n-0001dce0: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 '. In GRUB 2\n-0001dcf0: 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 , images for PXE\n-0001dd00: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 network booting\n-0001dd10: 2061 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 are now constru\n-0001dd20: 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 cted using. \n-0001dd30: 2770 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 'pxeboot.img' an\n-0001dd40: 6420 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 6d61 d 'core.img', ma\n-0001dd50: 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 king sure that t\n-0001dd60: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 he core image. \n-0001dd70: 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 contains the \n-0001dd80: 2770 7865 2720 616e 6420 2770 7865 636d 'pxe' and 'pxecm\n-0001dd90: 6427 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f d' modules. *No\n-0001dda0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-0001ddb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001ddc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Node: Core im\n-0001ddd0: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n-0001dde0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 ion, Next: File\n-0001ddf0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 system, Prev: I\n-0001de00: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a mages, Up: Top.\n-0001de10: 0a31 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 .12 Core image s\n-0001de20: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a ize limitation.*\n+0001d610: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 ..GRUB 2 has a d\n+0001d620: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 ifferent design \n+0001d630: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n+0001d640: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 , and so corresp\n+0001d650: 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 ondences.with th\n+0001d660: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 e images it used\n+0001d670: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 cannot be exact\n+0001d680: 2e20 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c . Nevertheless,\n+0001d690: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 GRUB Legacy.use\n+0001d6a0: 7273 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 rs often ask que\n+0001d6b0: 7374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 stions in the te\n+0001d6c0: 726d 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d rms they are fam\n+0001d6d0: 696c 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 iliar with, and \n+0001d6e0: 736f 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 so.here is a bri\n+0001d6f0: 6566 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 ef guide to how \n+0001d700: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2's images \n+0001d710: 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a relate to that..\n+0001d720: 0a27 7374 6167 6531 270a 2020 2020 2053 .'stage1'. S\n+0001d730: 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 tage 1 from GRUB\n+0001d740: 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 7279 Legacy was very\n+0001d750: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6f6f similar to 'boo\n+0001d760: 742e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 t.img' in GRUB 2\n+0001d770: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 ,. and they \n+0001d780: 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 serve the same f\n+0001d790: 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 272a 5f73 7461 unction...'*_sta\n+0001d7a0: 6765 315f 3527 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 ge1_5'. In G\n+0001d7b0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 RUB Legacy, Stag\n+0001d7c0: 6520 312e 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e 1.5's function\n+0001d7d0: 2077 6173 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 was to include \n+0001d7e0: 656e 6f75 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 enough. file\n+0001d7f0: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 system code to a\n+0001d800: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 llow the much la\n+0001d810: 7267 6572 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 rger Stage 2 to \n+0001d820: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a be read from an.\n+0001d830: 2020 2020 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 ordinary fi\n+0001d840: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 lesystem. In th\n+0001d850: 6973 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 is respect, its \n+0001d860: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d function was sim\n+0001d870: 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 636f ilar to. 'co\n+0001d880: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 696e 2047 5255 4220 re.img' in GRUB \n+0001d890: 322e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2027 636f 2. However, 'co\n+0001d8a0: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 206d 7563 6820 re.img' is much \n+0001d8b0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 more capable. \n+0001d8c0: 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 than Stage 1.5\n+0001d8d0: 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 206f was; since it o\n+0001d8e0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n+0001d8f0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 hell, it is some\n+0001d900: 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 times. possi\n+0001d910: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 206d ble to recover m\n+0001d920: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2065 anually in the e\n+0001d930: 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 vent that it is \n+0001d940: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 unable to load. \n+0001d950: 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f any other mo\n+0001d960: 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dules, for examp\n+0001d970: 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 le if partition \n+0001d980: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 6861 numbers have cha\n+0001d990: 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 636f 7265 nged.. 'core\n+0001d9a0: 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 .img' is built i\n+0001d9b0: 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 626c n a more flexibl\n+0001d9c0: 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e way, allowing \n+0001d9d0: 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 GRUB 2 to. s\n+0001d9e0: 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 206d upport reading m\n+0001d9f0: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 7661 odules from adva\n+0001da00: 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 7320 nced disk types \n+0001da10: 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e 640a such as LVM and.\n+0001da20: 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 RAID... \n+0001da30: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 6f75 GRUB Legacy cou\n+0001da40: 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 ld run with only\n+0001da50: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 7461 Stage 1 and Sta\n+0001da60: 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 696d ge 2 in some lim\n+0001da70: 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ited. config\n+0001da80: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c 6520 urations, while \n+0001da90: 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 GRUB 2 requires \n+0001daa0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2061 6e64 2063 'core.img' and c\n+0001dab0: 616e 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 annot work. \n+0001dac0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a 0a27 7374 without it...'st\n+0001dad0: 6167 6532 270a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 age2'. GRUB \n+0001dae0: 3220 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 2 has no single \n+0001daf0: 5374 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 Stage 2 image. \n+0001db00: 496e 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 Instead, it load\n+0001db10: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 s modules from. \n+0001db20: 2020 2020 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 '/boot/grub'\n+0001db30: 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a27 at run-time...'\n+0001db40: 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6f27 stage2_eltorito'\n+0001db50: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c . In GRUB 2,\n+0001db60: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 6f74 images for boot\n+0001db70: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f 4d20 ing from CD-ROM \n+0001db80: 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 drives are now. \n+0001db90: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 constructed \n+0001dba0: 7573 696e 6720 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d using 'cdboot.im\n+0001dbb0: 6727 2061 6e64 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 g' and 'core.img\n+0001dbc0: 272c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 ', making sure t\n+0001dbd0: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 hat the. cor\n+0001dbe0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e image contains\n+0001dbf0: 2074 6865 2027 6973 6f39 3636 3027 206d the 'iso9660' m\n+0001dc00: 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 odule. It is us\n+0001dc10: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 ually best to. \n+0001dc20: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 use the 'grub\n+0001dc30: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2070 726f 6772 -mkrescue' progr\n+0001dc40: 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 276e am for this...'n\n+0001dc50: 6267 7275 6227 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 bgrub'. Ther\n+0001dc60: 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 e is as yet no e\n+0001dc70: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 276e quivalent for 'n\n+0001dc80: 6267 7275 6227 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 bgrub' in GRUB 2\n+0001dc90: 3b20 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 ; it was used. \n+0001dca0: 2020 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 by Etherboot \n+0001dcb0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e and some other n\n+0001dcc0: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 etwork boot load\n+0001dcd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2770 7865 6772 7562 270a ers...'pxegrub'.\n+0001dce0: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n+0001dcf0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e images for PXE n\n+0001dd00: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 etwork booting a\n+0001dd10: 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 re now construct\n+0001dd20: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2770 ed using. 'p\n+0001dd30: 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 xeboot.img' and \n+0001dd40: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 6d61 6b69 'core.img', maki\n+0001dd50: 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ng sure that the\n+0001dd60: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001dd70: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2770 contains the 'p\n+0001dd80: 7865 2720 616e 6420 2770 7865 636d 6427 xe' and 'pxecmd'\n+0001dd90: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 modules. *Note\n+0001dda0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+0001ddb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001ddc0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Node: Core imag\n+0001ddd0: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001dde0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 n, Next: Filesy\n+0001ddf0: 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 stem, Prev: Ima\n+0001de00: 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ges, Up: Top..1\n+0001de10: 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 2 Core image siz\n+0001de20: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a e limitation.***\n 0001de30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001de40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 ************..He\n-0001de50: 6176 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c avily limited pl\n-0001de60: 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 atforms:. * i3\n-0001de70: 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 86-pc (normal an\n-0001de80: 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 d PXE): the core\n-0001de90: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d image size (com\n-0001dea0: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 pressed) is. \n-0001deb0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 limited by 4582\n-0001dec0: 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 40 bytes. kerne\n-0001ded0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001dee0: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 data + .bss,. \n-0001def0: 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 uncompressed) \n-0001df00: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 is limited by 39\n-0001df10: 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 2704 bytes. mod\n-0001df20: 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 ule size. (u\n-0001df30: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b ncompressed) + k\n-0001df40: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001df50: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 + .data, uncomp\n-0001df60: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ressed) is. \n-0001df70: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n-0001df80: 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 ize of contiguou\n-0001df90: 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 s chunk at 1M ad\n-0001dfa0: 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 2a20 7370 6172 dress.. * spar\n-0001dfb0: 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 c64-ieee1275: ke\n-0001dfc0: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001dfd0: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n-0001dfe0: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 + modules +. \n-0001dff0: 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 2b20 256K (stack) + \n-0001e000: 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c 696d 2M (heap) is lim\n-0001e010: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 ited by space av\n-0001e020: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 3430 ailable at 0x440\n-0001e030: 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 7420 0.. On most \n-0001e040: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a platforms it's j\n-0001e050: 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 6e63 ust 3 or 4M sinc\n-0001e060: 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 7320 e ieee1275 maps \n-0001e070: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 7563 only so. muc\n-0001e080: 682e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 h.. * i386-iee\n-0001e090: 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d e1275: kernel.im\n-0001e0a0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001e0b0: 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .bss) + modul\n-0001e0c0: 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 es is. limit\n-0001e0d0: 6564 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 7661 ed by memory ava\n-0001e0e0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3130 3030 ilable at 0x1000\n-0001e0f0: 302c 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 3936 4b0a 0, at most 596K.\n-0001e100: 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 6c69 6d69 . Lightly limi\n-0001e110: 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a0a ted platforms:..\n-0001e120: 2020 202a 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 * *-xen: limi\n-0001e130: 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 6164 7265 ted only by adre\n-0001e140: 7373 2073 7061 6365 2061 6e64 2052 414d ss space and RAM\n-0001e150: 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 size.. * i386\n-0001e160: 2d71 656d 753a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d -qemu: kernel.im\n-0001e170: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001e180: 202b 202e 6273 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 + .bss) is limi\n-0001e190: 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 ted by 392704. \n-0001e1a0: 2020 2062 7974 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 bytes. (core\n-0001e1b0: 2e69 6d67 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 .img would be li\n-0001e1c0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a mited by ROM siz\n-0001e1d0: 6520 6275 7420 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d e but it's unlim\n-0001e1e0: 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d ited. on qem\n-0001e1f0: 750a 2020 202a 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 u. * All EFI p\n-0001e200: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 latforms: limite\n-0001e210: 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 d by contiguous \n-0001e220: 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 RAM size and pos\n-0001e230: 7369 626c 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 sibly. firmw\n-0001e240: 6172 6520 6275 6773 0a20 2020 2a20 436f are bugs. * Co\n-0001e250: 7265 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 reboot and multi\n-0001e260: 626f 6f74 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d boot. kernel.im\n-0001e270: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001e280: 202b 202e 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 + .bss) is. \n-0001e290: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n-0001e2a0: 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 04 bytes. modul\n-0001e2b0: 6520 7369 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 e size is limite\n-0001e2c0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 d by the size of\n-0001e2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 . contiguous\n-0001e2e0: 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 chunk at 1M add\n-0001e2f0: 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 202a 206d 6970 7365 ress.. * mipse\n-0001e300: 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 l-loongson (ELF)\n-0001e310: 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f , mips(el)-qemu_\n-0001e320: 6d69 7073 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 mips (ELF): if u\n-0001e330: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 ncompressed:. \n-0001e340: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n-0001e350: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d ext + .data) + m\n-0001e360: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 odules is limite\n-0001e370: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 d by the space f\n-0001e380: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 rom. 8020000\n-0001e390: 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 0 forward if com\n-0001e3a0: 7072 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e pressed: kernel.\n-0001e3b0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001e3c0: 7461 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 ta,. uncompr\n-0001e3d0: 6573 7365 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 essed) + modules\n-0001e3e0: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n-0001e3f0: 2b20 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 + (modules + ker\n-0001e400: 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 nel.img. (.t\n-0001e410: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 ext + .data)) (c\n-0001e420: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 ompressed) + dec\n-0001e430: 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d ompressor is lim\n-0001e440: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 ited by the. \n-0001e450: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 space from 8020\n-0001e460: 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 0000 forward. \n-0001e470: 2a20 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f * mipsel-loongso\n-0001e480: 6e20 2846 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 n (Flash), mips(\n-0001e490: 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 el)-qemu_mips (F\n-0001e4a0: 6c61 7368 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d lash): kernel.im\n-0001e4b0: 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 g. (.text + \n-0001e4c0: 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .data) + modules\n-0001e4d0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n-0001e4e0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 he space from 80\n-0001e4f0: 3230 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 200000. forw\n-0001e500: 6172 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 ard core.img (fi\n-0001e510: 6e61 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 nal) is limited \n-0001e520: 6279 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 by flash size (5\n-0001e530: 3132 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 12K on yeeloong.\n-0001e540: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e and fulooon\n-0001e550: 6729 0a20 2020 2a20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 g). * mips-arc\n-0001e560: 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 : if uncompresse\n-0001e570: 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e d: kernel.img (.\n-0001e580: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 6973 text + .data) is\n-0001e590: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 limited by. \n-0001e5a0: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 the space from \n-0001e5b0: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 8bd00000 forward\n-0001e5c0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d 6d79 modules + dummy\n-0001e5d0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 decompressor is\n-0001e5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n-0001e5f0: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 the space from \n-0001e600: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 8bd00000 backwar\n-0001e610: 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a d if compressed:\n-0001e620: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 . kernel.img\n-0001e630: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c (.text + .data,\n-0001e640: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 uncompressed) i\n-0001e650: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 s limited by the\n-0001e660: 2073 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d space. from\n-0001e670: 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 8bd00000 forwar\n-0001e680: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d d modules (uncom\n-0001e690: 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 pressed) + (modu\n-0001e6a0: 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 les +. kerne\n-0001e6b0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001e6c0: 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 data)) (compress\n-0001e6d0: 6564 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2031 ed, aligned to 1\n-0001e6e0: 4d29 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 6465 M) + 1M. (de\n-0001e6f0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 compressor + scr\n-0001e700: 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c atch space) is l\n-0001e710: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 imited by the sp\n-0001e720: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 ace from. 8b\n-0001e730: 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a d00000 backward.\n-0001e740: 2020 202a 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 * powerpc-iee\n-0001e750: 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d e1275: kernel.im\n-0001e760: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001e770: 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .bss) + modul\n-0001e780: 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 es is. limit\n-0001e790: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 ed by space avai\n-0001e7a0: 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 lable at 0x20000\n-0001e7b0: 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 0....File: grub.\n-0001e7c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n-0001e7d0: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 esystem, Next: \n-0001e7e0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 Interface, Prev\n-0001e7f0: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n-0001e800: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 e limitation, U\n-0001e810: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 p: Top..13 Files\n-0001e820: 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 ystem syntax and\n-0001e830: 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a semantics.*****\n+0001de40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 **********..Heav\n+0001de50: 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 ily limited plat\n+0001de60: 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 forms:. * i386\n+0001de70: 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 -pc (normal and \n+0001de80: 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 PXE): the core i\n+0001de90: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 mage size (compr\n+0001dea0: 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c essed) is. l\n+0001deb0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 imited by 458240\n+0001dec0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e bytes. kernel.\n+0001ded0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001dee0: 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 ta + .bss,. \n+0001def0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 uncompressed) is\n+0001df00: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n+0001df10: 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 04 bytes. modul\n+0001df20: 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 e size. (unc\n+0001df30: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b 6572 ompressed) + ker\n+0001df40: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001df50: 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 .data, uncompre\n+0001df60: 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 ssed) is. li\n+0001df70: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a mited by the siz\n+0001df80: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 e of contiguous \n+0001df90: 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 chunk at 1M addr\n+0001dfa0: 6573 732e 0a20 2020 2a20 7370 6172 6336 ess.. * sparc6\n+0001dfb0: 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 4-ieee1275: kern\n+0001dfc0: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001dfd0: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 .data + .bss) + \n+0001dfe0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 2032 modules +. 2\n+0001dff0: 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 2b20 324d 56K (stack) + 2M\n+0001e000: 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 (heap) is limit\n+0001e010: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 ed by space avai\n+0001e020: 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 3430 302e lable at 0x4400.\n+0001e030: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 7420 706c . On most pl\n+0001e040: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 atforms it's jus\n+0001e050: 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 6e63 6520 t 3 or 4M since \n+0001e060: 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 7320 6f6e ieee1275 maps on\n+0001e070: 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 7563 682e ly so. much.\n+0001e080: 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 . * i386-ieee1\n+0001e090: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n+0001e0a0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e0b0: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n+0001e0c0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n+0001e0d0: 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 7661 696c by memory avail\n+0001e0e0: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3130 3030 302c able at 0x10000,\n+0001e0f0: 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 3936 4b0a 0a20 at most 596K.. \n+0001e100: 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 Lightly limite\n+0001e110: 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a0a 2020 d platforms:.. \n+0001e120: 202a 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 * *-xen: limite\n+0001e130: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 6164 7265 7373 d only by adress\n+0001e140: 2073 7061 6365 2061 6e64 2052 414d 2073 space and RAM s\n+0001e150: 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d71 ize.. * i386-q\n+0001e160: 656d 753a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 emu: kernel.img \n+0001e170: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e180: 202e 6273 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 .bss) is limite\n+0001e190: 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 d by 392704. \n+0001e1a0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 bytes. (core.i\n+0001e1b0: 6d67 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 mg would be limi\n+0001e1c0: 7465 6420 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 ted by ROM size \n+0001e1d0: 6275 7420 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 but it's unlimit\n+0001e1e0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a ed. on qemu.\n+0001e1f0: 2020 202a 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 * All EFI pla\n+0001e200: 7466 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 tforms: limited \n+0001e210: 6279 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 by contiguous RA\n+0001e220: 4d20 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 M size and possi\n+0001e230: 626c 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 bly. firmwar\n+0001e240: 6520 6275 6773 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 7265 e bugs. * Core\n+0001e250: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f boot and multibo\n+0001e260: 6f74 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 ot. kernel.img \n+0001e270: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e280: 202e 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c .bss) is. l\n+0001e290: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n+0001e2a0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 bytes. module \n+0001e2b0: 7369 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 size is limited \n+0001e2c0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 by the size of. \n+0001e2d0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 contiguous c\n+0001e2e0: 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 hunk at 1M addre\n+0001e2f0: 7373 2e0a 2020 202a 206d 6970 7365 6c2d ss.. * mipsel-\n+0001e300: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 2c20 loongson (ELF), \n+0001e310: 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 mips(el)-qemu_mi\n+0001e320: 7073 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 ps (ELF): if unc\n+0001e330: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 ompressed:. \n+0001e340: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001e350: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 t + .data) + mod\n+0001e360: 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ules is limited \n+0001e370: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n+0001e380: 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 m. 80200000 \n+0001e390: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 forward if compr\n+0001e3a0: 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d essed: kernel.im\n+0001e3b0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n+0001e3c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ,. uncompres\n+0001e3d0: 7365 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 sed) + modules (\n+0001e3e0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n+0001e3f0: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 6e65 (modules + kerne\n+0001e400: 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 l.img. (.tex\n+0001e410: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n+0001e420: 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 6f6d pressed) + decom\n+0001e430: 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d 6974 pressor is limit\n+0001e440: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 ed by the. s\n+0001e450: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 pace from 802000\n+0001e460: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2a20 00 forward. * \n+0001e470: 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 mipsel-loongson \n+0001e480: 2846 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c (Flash), mips(el\n+0001e490: 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 6c61 )-qemu_mips (Fla\n+0001e4a0: 7368 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a sh): kernel.img.\n+0001e4b0: 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 (.text + .d\n+0001e4c0: 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 ata) + modules i\n+0001e4d0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 s limited by the\n+0001e4e0: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 space from 8020\n+0001e4f0: 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 6172 0000. forwar\n+0001e500: 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 6e61 d core.img (fina\n+0001e510: 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 l) is limited by\n+0001e520: 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 3132 flash size (512\n+0001e530: 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 2020 K on yeeloong. \n+0001e540: 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e 6729 and fulooong)\n+0001e550: 0a20 2020 2a20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 . * mips-arc: \n+0001e560: 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a if uncompressed:\n+0001e570: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001e580: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 6973 206c xt + .data) is l\n+0001e590: 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 imited by. t\n+0001e5a0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001e5b0: 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d d00000 forward m\n+0001e5c0: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d 6d79 2064 odules + dummy d\n+0001e5d0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 0a20 ecompressor is. \n+0001e5e0: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 limited by t\n+0001e5f0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001e600: 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 d00000 backward \n+0001e610: 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 if compressed:. \n+0001e620: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 kernel.img (\n+0001e630: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 .text + .data, u\n+0001e640: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 ncompressed) is \n+0001e650: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n+0001e660: 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2038 pace. from 8\n+0001e670: 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 bd00000 forward \n+0001e680: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 modules (uncompr\n+0001e690: 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 essed) + (module\n+0001e6a0: 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e s +. kernel.\n+0001e6b0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001e6c0: 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 ta)) (compressed\n+0001e6d0: 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2031 4d29 , aligned to 1M)\n+0001e6e0: 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 6465 636f + 1M. (deco\n+0001e6f0: 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 6174 mpressor + scrat\n+0001e700: 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c 696d ch space) is lim\n+0001e710: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 ited by the spac\n+0001e720: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 6430 e from. 8bd0\n+0001e730: 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 0000 backward. \n+0001e740: 202a 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 6531 * powerpc-ieee1\n+0001e750: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n+0001e760: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e770: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n+0001e780: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n+0001e790: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 by space availa\n+0001e7a0: 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 300a ble at 0x200000.\n+0001e7b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001e7c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6573 fo, Node: Files\n+0001e7d0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e ystem, Next: In\n+0001e7e0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 terface, Prev: \n+0001e7f0: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n+0001e800: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a limitation, Up:\n+0001e810: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 7973 Top..13 Filesys\n+0001e820: 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 2073 tem syntax and s\n+0001e830: 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a emantics.*******\n 0001e840: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001e850: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n-0001e860: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 RUB uses a speci\n-0001e870: 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 al syntax for sp\n-0001e880: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 ecifying disk dr\n-0001e890: 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 ives which can b\n-0001e8a0: 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 e.accessed by BI\n-0001e8b0: 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 OS. Because of B\n-0001e8c0: 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c IOS limitations,\n-0001e8d0: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 GRUB cannot dis\n-0001e8e0: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e tinguish.between\n-0001e8f0: 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 IDE, ESDI, SCSI\n-0001e900: 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f , or others. Yo\n-0001e910: 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 u must know your\n-0001e920: 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a self which BIOS.\n-0001e930: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 device is equiva\n-0001e940: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 lent to which OS\n-0001e950: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c device. Normal\n-0001e960: 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ly, that will be\n-0001e970: 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 clear.if you se\n-0001e980: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 e the files in a\n-0001e990: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 device or use t\n-0001e9a0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 he command 'sear\n-0001e9b0: 6368 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 ch' (*note.searc\n-0001e9c0: 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a h::)...* Menu:..\n-0001e9d0: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a * Device syntax:\n-0001e9e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0001e9f0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 How to specify d\n-0001ea00: 6576 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 evices.* File na\n-0001ea10: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 me syntax:: \n-0001ea20: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n-0001ea30: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c ecify files.* Bl\n-0001ea40: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n-0001ea50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 : How \n-0001ea60: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b to specify block\n-0001ea70: 206c 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lists....File: \n-0001ea80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001ea90: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c : Device syntax,\n-0001eaa0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Next: File nam\n-0001eab0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n-0001eac0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 ilesystem..13.1 \n-0001ead0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 How to specify d\n-0001eae0: 6576 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d evices.=========\n+0001e850: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n+0001e860: 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c B uses a special\n+0001e870: 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 6563 syntax for spec\n+0001e880: 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 ifying disk driv\n+0001e890: 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 650a es which can be.\n+0001e8a0: 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 4f53 accessed by BIOS\n+0001e8b0: 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 494f . Because of BIO\n+0001e8c0: 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 S limitations, G\n+0001e8d0: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 7469 RUB cannot disti\n+0001e8e0: 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e 2049 nguish.between I\n+0001e8f0: 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 DE, ESDI, SCSI, \n+0001e900: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f 7520 or others. You \n+0001e910: 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 7365 must know yourse\n+0001e920: 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a 6465 lf which BIOS.de\n+0001e930: 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 vice is equivale\n+0001e940: 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 2064 nt to which OS d\n+0001e950: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 evice. Normally\n+0001e960: 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 , that will be c\n+0001e970: 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 6520 lear.if you see \n+0001e980: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 2064 the files in a d\n+0001e990: 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 6865 evice or use the\n+0001e9a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 command 'search\n+0001e9b0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a ' (*note.search:\n+0001e9c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 :)...* Menu:..* \n+0001e9d0: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 Device syntax:: \n+0001e9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n+0001e9f0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 w to specify dev\n+0001ea00: 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ices.* File name\n+0001ea10: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n+0001ea20: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n+0001ea30: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 ify files.* Bloc\n+0001ea40: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 k list syntax:: \n+0001ea50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n+0001ea60: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c specify block l\n+0001ea70: 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ists....File: gr\n+0001ea80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0001ea90: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n+0001eaa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Next: File name \n+0001eab0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n+0001eac0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f esystem..13.1 Ho\n+0001ead0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 w to specify dev\n+0001eae0: 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ices.===========\n 0001eaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001eb00: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 ==..The device s\n-0001eb10: 796e 7461 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 yntax is like th\n-0001eb20: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 is:.. (DEVIC\n-0001eb30: 455b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 E[,PARTMAP-NAME1\n-0001eb40: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d PART-NUM1[,PARTM\n-0001eb50: 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d AP-NAME2PART-NUM\n-0001eb60: 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 2027 2[,...]]]).. '\n-0001eb70: 5b5d 2720 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 []' means the pa\n-0001eb80: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f rameter is optio\n-0001eb90: 6e61 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 nal. DEVICE dep\n-0001eba0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b ends on the disk\n-0001ebb0: 0a64 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 .driver in use. \n-0001ebc0: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 BIOS and EFI di\n-0001ebd0: 736b 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2027 sks use either '\n-0001ebe0: 6664 2720 6f72 2027 6864 2720 666f 6c6c fd' or 'hd' foll\n-0001ebf0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c owed by a.digit,\n-0001ec00: 206c 696b 6520 2766 6430 272c 206f 7220 like 'fd0', or \n-0001ec10: 2763 6427 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 'cd'. AHCI, PAT\n-0001ec20: 4120 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c A (ata), crypto,\n-0001ec30: 2055 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d USB use the nam\n-0001ec40: 650a 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c e.of driver foll\n-0001ec50: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 owed by a number\n-0001ec60: 2e20 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 . Memdisk and h\n-0001ec70: 6f73 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ost are limited \n-0001ec80: 746f 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 to one.disk and \n-0001ec90: 736f 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 so it's refered \n-0001eca0: 6a75 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e just by driver n\n-0001ecb0: 616d 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c ame. RAID (md),\n-0001ecc0: 206f 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 ofdisk.(ieee127\n-0001ecd0: 3520 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 5 and nand), LVM\n-0001ece0: 2028 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 (lvm), LDM, vir\n-0001ecf0: 7469 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 tio (vdsk) and a\n-0001ed00: 7263 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 rcdisk (arc) use\n-0001ed10: 0a69 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 .intrinsic name \n-0001ed20: 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 of disk prefixed\n-0001ed30: 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e by driver name.\n-0001ed40: 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a Additionally j\n-0001ed50: 7573 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 ust.\"nand\" refer\n-0001ed60: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c s to the disk al\n-0001ed70: 6961 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e iased as \"nand\".\n-0001ed80: 2020 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 Conflicts are \n-0001ed90: 736f 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 solved by.suffix\n-0001eda0: 696e 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 ing a number if \n-0001edb0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d necessarry. Com\n-0001edc0: 6d61 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 mas need to be e\n-0001edd0: 7363 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 scaped. Loopbac\n-0001ede0: 6b0a 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 k.uses whatever \n-0001edf0: 6e61 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 name specified t\n-0001ee00: 6f20 276c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d o 'loopback' com\n-0001ee10: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 mand. Hostdisk \n-0001ee20: 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 uses names.speci\n-0001ee30: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d fied in device.m\n-0001ee40: 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 ap as long as it\n-0001ee50: 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 's of the form [\n-0001ee60: 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 fhc]d[0-9]* or.h\n-0001ee70: 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 ostdisk/. For crypto\n-0001ee90: 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 and RAID (md) a\n-0001eea0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 dditionally you \n-0001eeb0: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 can use.the synt\n-0001eec0: 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e ax \n-0001eed0: 7575 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f uuid/. Fo\n-0001eee0: 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c r LVM additional\n-0001eef0: 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 ly you can use.t\n-0001ef00: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f he syntax lvmid/\n-0001ef10: 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 702d 7575 /... (fd0). \n-0001ef40: 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 (hd0). (\n-0001ef50: 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 cd). (ahci0)\n-0001ef60: 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 . (ata0). \n-0001ef70: 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001ef80: 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 (usb0). (cr\n-0001ef90: 7970 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 yptouuid/1234567\n-0001efa0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 89abcdef01234567\n-0001efb0: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 89abcdef0). \n-0001efc0: 286d 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 (mduuid/12345678\n-0001efd0: 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 9abcdef012345678\n-0001efe0: 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 9abcdef0). (\n-0001eff0: 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 lvm/system-root)\n-0001f000: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 . (lvmid/F1i\n-0001f010: 6b67 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c kgD-2RES-306G-il\n-0001f020: 394d 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 9M-7iwa-4NKW-EbV\n-0001f030: 314e 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 1NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-\n-0001f040: 5855 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 XUgR-sjtJ-ffch-b\n-0001f050: 616a 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 ajr-fCNfz5). \n-0001f060: 2028 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001f070: 2020 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 (md/0). (i\n-0001f080: 6565 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 eee1275/disk2). \n-0001f090: 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 (ieee1275//p\n-0001f0a0: 6369 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 ci@1f\\,0/ide@d/d\n-0001f0b0: 6973 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e isk@2). (nan\n-0001f0c0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b d). (memdisk\n-0001f0d0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 ). (host). \n-0001f0e0: 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 (myloop). \n-0001f0f0: 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f (hostdisk//dev/\n-0001f100: 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 sda).. PART-NU\n-0001f110: 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 M represents the\n-0001f120: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-0001f130: 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 r of DEVICE, sta\n-0001f140: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 rting from.one. \n-0001f150: 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 PARTNAME is opt\n-0001f160: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 ional but is rec\n-0001f170: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 ommended since d\n-0001f180: 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 isk may have.sev\n-0001f190: 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 eral top-level p\n-0001f1a0: 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 artmaps. Specif\n-0001f1b0: 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c ying third and l\n-0001f1c0: 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 ater component y\n-0001f1d0: 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f ou.can access to\n-0001f1e0: 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a subpartitions..\n-0001f1f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2027 . The syntax '\n-0001f200: 2868 6430 2927 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 (hd0)' represent\n-0001f210: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 s using the enti\n-0001f220: 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 re disk (or the \n-0001f230: 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c MBR when.install\n-0001f240: 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 ing GRUB), while\n-0001f250: 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 2728 6864 the syntax '(hd\n-0001f260: 302c 3129 2720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 0,1)' represents\n-0001f270: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 using the first\n-0001f280: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 .partition of th\n-0001f290: 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 e disk (or the b\n-0001f2a0: 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 oot sector of th\n-0001f2b0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e e partition when\n-0001f2c0: 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 .installing GRUB\n-0001f2d0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 )... (hd0,ms\n-0001f2e0: 646f 7331 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c dos1). (hd0,\n-0001f2f0: 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 msdos1,msdos5). \n-0001f300: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c (hd0,msdos1,\n-0001f310: 6273 6433 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c bsd3). (hd0,\n-0001f320: 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 netbsd1). (h\n-0001f330: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 d0,gpt1). (h\n-0001f340: 6430 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 d0,1,3).. If y\n-0001f350: 6f75 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e ou enabled the n\n-0001f360: 6574 776f 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 etwork support, \n-0001f370: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 the special driv\n-0001f380: 6573 0a27 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 es.'(PROTOCOL[,S\n-0001f390: 4552 5645 525d 2927 2061 7265 2061 6c73 ERVER])' are als\n-0001f3a0: 6f20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 o available. Su\n-0001f3b0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c pported protocol\n-0001f3c0: 7320 6172 650a 2768 7474 7027 2061 6e64 s are.'http' and\n-0001f3d0: 2027 7466 7470 272e 2020 4966 2053 4552 'tftp'. If SER\n-0001f3e0: 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 VER is omitted, \n-0001f3f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n-0001f400: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 276e ment variable.'n\n-0001f410: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-0001f420: 7227 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 r' is used. Bef\n-0001f430: 6f72 6520 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 ore using the ne\n-0001f440: 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 twork drive, you\n-0001f450: 206d 7573 740a 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 must.initialize\n-0001f460: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a the network. *\n-0001f470: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 Note Network::, \n-0001f480: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-0001f490: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 tion... If you\n-0001f4a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 boot GRUB from \n-0001f4b0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2728 6364 2927 a CD-ROM, '(cd)'\n-0001f4c0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 is available. \n-0001f4d0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 *Note Making a.G\n-0001f4e0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-0001f4f0: 524f 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ROM::, for detai\n-0001f500: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n-0001f510: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-0001f520: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n-0001f530: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Next: Block li\n-0001f540: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 st syntax, Prev\n-0001f550: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c : Device syntax,\n-0001f560: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n-0001f570: 0a0a 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.2 How to sp\n-0001f580: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d ecify files.====\n+0001eb00: 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e ..The device syn\n+0001eb10: 7461 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 tax is like this\n+0001eb20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b :.. (DEVICE[\n+0001eb30: 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 ,PARTMAP-NAME1PA\n+0001eb40: 5254 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 RT-NUM1[,PARTMAP\n+0001eb50: 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b -NAME2PART-NUM2[\n+0001eb60: 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 2027 5b5d ,...]]]).. '[]\n+0001eb70: 2720 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 ' means the para\n+0001eb80: 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 meter is optiona\n+0001eb90: 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e l. DEVICE depen\n+0001eba0: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 ds on the disk.d\n+0001ebb0: 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 river in use. B\n+0001ebc0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b IOS and EFI disk\n+0001ebd0: 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2027 6664 s use either 'fd\n+0001ebe0: 2720 6f72 2027 6864 2720 666f 6c6c 6f77 ' or 'hd' follow\n+0001ebf0: 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c 206c ed by a.digit, l\n+0001ec00: 696b 6520 2766 6430 272c 206f 7220 2763 ike 'fd0', or 'c\n+0001ec10: 6427 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 d'. AHCI, PATA \n+0001ec20: 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 (ata), crypto, U\n+0001ec30: 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a SB use the name.\n+0001ec40: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 of driver follow\n+0001ec50: 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 ed by a number. \n+0001ec60: 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 Memdisk and hos\n+0001ec70: 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t are limited to\n+0001ec80: 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f one.disk and so\n+0001ec90: 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 it's refered ju\n+0001eca0: 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d st by driver nam\n+0001ecb0: 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f e. RAID (md), o\n+0001ecc0: 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 fdisk.(ieee1275 \n+0001ecd0: 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 and nand), LVM (\n+0001ece0: 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 lvm), LDM, virti\n+0001ecf0: 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 o (vdsk) and arc\n+0001ed00: 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 disk (arc) use.i\n+0001ed10: 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ntrinsic name of\n+0001ed20: 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 disk prefixed b\n+0001ed30: 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 y driver name. \n+0001ed40: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 Additionally jus\n+0001ed50: 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 t.\"nand\" refers \n+0001ed60: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 to the disk alia\n+0001ed70: 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 sed as \"nand\". \n+0001ed80: 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f Conflicts are so\n+0001ed90: 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e lved by.suffixin\n+0001eda0: 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 g a number if ne\n+0001edb0: 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 cessarry. Comma\n+0001edc0: 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 s need to be esc\n+0001edd0: 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a aped. Loopback.\n+0001ede0: 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 uses whatever na\n+0001edf0: 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 me specified to \n+0001ee00: 276c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 'loopback' comma\n+0001ee10: 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 nd. Hostdisk us\n+0001ee20: 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 es names.specifi\n+0001ee30: 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 ed in device.map\n+0001ee40: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 as long as it's\n+0001ee50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 of the form [fh\n+0001ee60: 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 c]d[0-9]* or.hos\n+0001ee70: 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 tdisk/. For crypto a\n+0001ee90: 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 nd RAID (md) add\n+0001eea0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 itionally you ca\n+0001eeb0: 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 n use.the syntax\n+0001eec0: 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 7575 uu\n+0001eed0: 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f 7220 id/. For \n+0001eee0: 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 LVM additionally\n+0001eef0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 you can use.the\n+0001ef00: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 syntax lvmid//.\n+0001ef30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 .. (fd0). \n+0001ef40: 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 (hd0). (cd\n+0001ef50: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 ). (ahci0). \n+0001ef60: 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (ata0). \n+0001ef70: 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 (crypto0). (\n+0001ef80: 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 usb0). (cryp\n+0001ef90: 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 touuid/123456789\n+0001efa0: 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 abcdef0123456789\n+0001efb0: 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d abcdef0). (m\n+0001efc0: 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 duuid/123456789a\n+0001efd0: 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 bcdef0123456789a\n+0001efe0: 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 bcdef0). (lv\n+0001eff0: 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 m/system-root). \n+0001f000: 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 (lvmid/F1ikg\n+0001f010: 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d D-2RES-306G-il9M\n+0001f020: 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e -7iwa-4NKW-EbV1N\n+0001f030: 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 V/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XU\n+0001f040: 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a gR-sjtJ-ffch-baj\n+0001f050: 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 r-fCNfz5). (\n+0001f060: 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 md/myraid). \n+0001f070: 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 (md/0). (iee\n+0001f080: 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 e1275/disk2). \n+0001f090: 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 (ieee1275//pci\n+0001f0a0: 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 @1f\\,0/ide@d/dis\n+0001f0b0: 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 k@2). (nand)\n+0001f0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a . (memdisk).\n+0001f0d0: 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 (host). \n+0001f0e0: 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 (myloop). (\n+0001f0f0: 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 hostdisk//dev/sd\n+0001f100: 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 a).. PART-NUM \n+0001f110: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 represents the p\n+0001f120: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 artition number \n+0001f130: 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 of DEVICE, start\n+0001f140: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 ing from.one. P\n+0001f150: 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f ARTNAME is optio\n+0001f160: 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d nal but is recom\n+0001f170: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 mended since dis\n+0001f180: 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 k may have.sever\n+0001f190: 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 al top-level par\n+0001f1a0: 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 tmaps. Specifyi\n+0001f1b0: 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 ng third and lat\n+0001f1c0: 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 er component you\n+0001f1d0: 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 .can access to s\n+0001f1e0: 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 ubpartitions... \n+0001f1f0: 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2027 2868 The syntax '(h\n+0001f200: 6430 2927 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 d0)' represents \n+0001f210: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 using the entire\n+0001f220: 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 4d42 disk (or the MB\n+0001f230: 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e R when.installin\n+0001f240: 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 g GRUB), while t\n+0001f250: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 2728 6864 302c he syntax '(hd0,\n+0001f260: 3129 2720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 1)' represents u\n+0001f270: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 sing the first.p\n+0001f280: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+0001f290: 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f disk (or the boo\n+0001f2a0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n+0001f2b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 partition when.i\n+0001f2c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e nstalling GRUB).\n+0001f2d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n+0001f2e0: 7331 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 s1). (hd0,ms\n+0001f2f0: 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 dos1,msdos5). \n+0001f300: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 (hd0,msdos1,bs\n+0001f310: 6433 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 d3). (hd0,ne\n+0001f320: 7462 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 tbsd1). (hd0\n+0001f330: 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 ,gpt1). (hd0\n+0001f340: 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ,1,3).. If you\n+0001f350: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 enabled the net\n+0001f360: 776f 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 work support, th\n+0001f370: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 e special drives\n+0001f380: 0a27 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 .'(PROTOCOL[,SER\n+0001f390: 5645 525d 2927 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 VER])' are also \n+0001f3a0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 available. Supp\n+0001f3b0: 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 orted protocols \n+0001f3c0: 6172 650a 2768 7474 7027 2061 6e64 2027 are.'http' and '\n+0001f3d0: 7466 7470 272e 2020 4966 2053 4552 5645 tftp'. If SERVE\n+0001f3e0: 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7661 R is omitted, va\n+0001f3f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n+0001f400: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 276e 6574 nt variable.'net\n+0001f410: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 _default_server'\n+0001f420: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 is used. Befor\n+0001f430: 6520 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 e using the netw\n+0001f440: 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d ork drive, you m\n+0001f450: 7573 740a 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 ust.initialize t\n+0001f460: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f he network. *No\n+0001f470: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f te Network::, fo\n+0001f480: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n+0001f490: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 on... If you b\n+0001f4a0: 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 oot GRUB from a \n+0001f4b0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2728 6364 2927 2069 CD-ROM, '(cd)' i\n+0001f4c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e s available. *N\n+0001f4d0: 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 ote Making a.GRU\n+0001f4e0: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+0001f4f0: 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 M::, for details\n+0001f500: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0001f510: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n+0001f520: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f530: 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Next: Block list\n+0001f540: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n+0001f550: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n+0001f560: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f570: 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.2 How to spec\n+0001f580: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ify files.======\n 0001f590: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f5a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 =====..There are\n-0001f5b0: 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 two ways to spe\n-0001f5c0: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 2022 cify files, by \"\n-0001f5d0: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n-0001f5e0: 6d65 2220 616e 6420 6279 0a22 626c 6f63 me\" and by.\"bloc\n-0001f5f0: 6b20 6c69 7374 222e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 k list\"... An \n-0001f600: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n-0001f610: 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 me resembles a U\n-0001f620: 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c nix absolute fil\n-0001f630: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 272f e name, using '/\n-0001f640: 270a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 '.for the direct\n-0001f650: 6f72 7920 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e ory separator (n\n-0001f660: 6f74 2027 5c27 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 ot '\\' as in DOS\n-0001f670: 292e 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 ). One example i\n-0001f680: 730a 2728 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f s.'(hd0,1)/boot/\n-0001f690: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 2e20 grub/grub.cfg'. \n-0001f6a0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n-0001f6b0: 6669 6c65 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 file '/boot/grub\n-0001f6c0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 0a69 6e20 7468 /grub.cfg'.in th\n-0001f6d0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n-0001f6e0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 n of the first h\n-0001f6f0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f ard disk. If yo\n-0001f700: 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 u omit the devic\n-0001f710: 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 e.name in an abs\n-0001f720: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c olute file name,\n-0001f730: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 GRUB uses GRUB'\n-0001f740: 7320 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 220a s \"root device\".\n-0001f750: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 implicitly. So \n-0001f760: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 if you set the r\n-0001f770: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 oot device to, s\n-0001f780: 6179 2c20 2728 6864 312c 3129 2720 6279 ay, '(hd1,1)' by\n-0001f790: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 the.command 'se\n-0001f7a0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 2720 t root=(hd1,1)' \n-0001f7b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 (*note set::), t\n-0001f7c0: 6865 6e20 272f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 hen '/boot/kerne\n-0001f7d0: 6c27 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 l' is the.same a\n-0001f7e0: 7320 2728 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f s '(hd1,1)/boot/\n-0001f7f0: 6b65 726e 656c 272e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 kernel'... On \n-0001f800: 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 ZFS filesystem t\n-0001f810: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f he first path co\n-0001f820: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a mponent must be.\n-0001f830: 564f 4c55 4d45 2740 275b 534e 4150 5348 VOLUME'@'[SNAPSH\n-0001f840: 4f54 5d2e 2020 536f 2027 2f72 6f6f 7476 OT]. So '/rootv\n-0001f850: 6f6c 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 ol@snap-129/boot\n-0001f860: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 /grub/grub.cfg' \n-0001f870: 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 2027 refers.to file '\n-0001f880: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n-0001f890: 6366 6727 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 6f74 cfg' in snapshot\n-0001f8a0: 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 2027 726f 6f74 of volume 'root\n-0001f8b0: 766f 6c27 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0a27 vol' with name.'\n-0001f8c0: 736e 6170 2d31 3239 272e 2020 5472 6169 snap-129'. Trai\n-0001f8d0: 6c69 6e67 2027 4027 2061 6674 6572 2076 ling '@' after v\n-0001f8e0: 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 olume name is ma\n-0001f8f0: 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a ndatory even if.\n-0001f900: 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 snapshot name is\n-0001f910: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c omitted.....Fil\n-0001f920: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001f930: 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 ode: Block list \n-0001f940: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 syntax, Prev: F\n-0001f950: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n-0001f960: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n-0001f970: 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.3 How to sp\n-0001f980: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n-0001f990: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0001f9a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9b0: 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 =..A block list \n-0001f9c0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 is used for spec\n-0001f9d0: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 ifying a file th\n-0001f9e0: 6174 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 at doesn't appea\n-0001f9f0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 r in the.filesys\n-0001fa00: 7465 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 tem, like a chai\n-0001fa10: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 nloader. The sy\n-0001fa20: 6e74 6178 2069 730a 275b 4f46 4653 4554 ntax is.'[OFFSET\n-0001fa30: 5d2b 4c45 4e47 5448 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 ]+LENGTH[,[OFFSE\n-0001fa40: 545d 2b4c 454e 4754 485d 2e2e 2e27 2e20 T]+LENGTH]...'. \n-0001fa50: 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d Here is an exam\n-0001fa60: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 ple:.. 0+100\n-0001fa70: 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 0a0a ,200+1,300+300..\n-0001fa80: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e This represen\n-0001fa90: 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f ts that GRUB sho\n-0001faa0: 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 uld read blocks \n-0001fab0: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 0 through 99, bl\n-0001fac0: 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a61 6e64 2062 6c6f ock 200,.and blo\n-0001fad0: 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 cks 300 through \n-0001fae0: 3539 392e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 599. If you omi\n-0001faf0: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 t an offset, the\n-0001fb00: 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 0a74 n GRUB assumes.t\n-0001fb10: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 he offset is zer\n-0001fb20: 6f2e 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 6520 o... Like the \n-0001fb30: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 file name syntax\n-0001fb40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n-0001fb50: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 e syntax::), if \n-0001fb60: 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f 6573 a blocklist.does\n-0001fb70: 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2064 not contain a d\n-0001fb80: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 656e evice name, then\n-0001fb90: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 GRUB uses GRUB'\n-0001fba0: 7320 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 222e s \"root device\".\n-0001fbb0: 2020 536f 0a27 2868 6430 2c32 292b 3127 So.'(hd0,2)+1'\n-0001fbc0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the same as \n-0001fbd0: 272b 3127 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f '+1' when the ro\n-0001fbe0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2027 2868 ot device is '(h\n-0001fbf0: 6430 2c32 2927 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d0,2)'.....File:\n-0001fc00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001fc10: 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e e: Interface, N\n-0001fc20: 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ext: Environment\n-0001fc30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6573 7973 , Prev: Filesys\n-0001fc40: 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 tem, Up: Top..1\n-0001fc50: 3420 4752 5542 2773 2075 7365 7220 696e 4 GRUB's user in\n-0001fc60: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a terface.********\n-0001fc70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001fc80: 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2062 6f74 6820 ..GRUB has both \n-0001fc90: 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e a simple menu in\n-0001fca0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 6368 6f6f terface for choo\n-0001fcb0: 7369 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 656e 7472 sing preset entr\n-0001fcc0: 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 ies from a.confi\n-0001fcd0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 guration file, a\n-0001fce0: 6e64 2061 2068 6967 686c 7920 666c 6578 nd a highly flex\n-0001fcf0: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ible command-lin\n-0001fd00: 6520 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 e for performing\n-0001fd10: 0a61 6e79 2064 6573 6972 6564 2063 6f6d .any desired com\n-0001fd20: 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626f 6f74 bination of boot\n-0001fd30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 commands... G\n-0001fd40: 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 666f 7220 6974 RUB looks for it\n-0001fd50: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 s configuration \n-0001fd60: 6669 6c65 2061 7320 736f 6f6e 2061 7320 file as soon as \n-0001fd70: 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 it is loaded. I\n-0001fd80: 660a 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 f.one is found, \n-0001fd90: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6d65 then the full me\n-0001fda0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 nu interface is \n-0001fdb0: 6163 7469 7661 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 activated using \n-0001fdc0: 7768 6174 6576 6572 0a65 6e74 7269 6573 whatever.entries\n-0001fdd0: 2077 6572 6520 666f 756e 6420 696e 2074 were found in t\n-0001fde0: 6865 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 he file. If you\n-0001fdf0: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7468 6520 2263 6f6d choose the \"com\n-0001fe00: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 206d 656e 750a mand-line\" menu.\n-0001fe10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 7468 option, or if th\n-0001fe20: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-0001fe30: 6669 6c65 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 file was not fou\n-0001fe40: 6e64 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6472 nd, then GRUB dr\n-0001fe50: 6f70 7320 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ops to.the comma\n-0001fe60: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-0001fe70: 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2043 e...* Menu:..* C\n-0001fe80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-0001fe90: 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 6865 rface:: The\n-0001fea0: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-0001feb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-0001fec0: 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 .* Menu interfac\n-0001fed0: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-0001fee0: 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 The simple menu\n-0001fef0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e interface.* Men\n-0001ff00: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 3a3a u entry editor::\n-0001ff10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 Editi\n-0001ff20: 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a ng a menu entry.\n-0001ff30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001ff40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n-0001ff50: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-0001ff60: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 e, Next: Menu i\n-0001ff70: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 nterface, Up: I\n-0001ff80: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 2054 nterface..14.1 T\n-0001ff90: 6865 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d he flexible comm\n-0001ffa0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-0001ffb0: 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ce.=============\n+0001f5a0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 ===..There are t\n+0001f5b0: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n+0001f5c0: 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 2022 6162 fy files, by \"ab\n+0001f5d0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+0001f5e0: 2220 616e 6420 6279 0a22 626c 6f63 6b20 \" and by.\"block \n+0001f5f0: 6c69 7374 222e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 6162 list\"... An ab\n+0001f600: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+0001f610: 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 6e69 resembles a Uni\n+0001f620: 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 x absolute file \n+0001f630: 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 272f 270a name, using '/'.\n+0001f640: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 for the director\n+0001f650: 7920 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 y separator (not\n+0001f660: 2027 5c27 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e '\\' as in DOS).\n+0001f670: 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a One example is.\n+0001f680: 2728 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 '(hd0,1)/boot/gr\n+0001f690: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 2e20 2054 ub/grub.cfg'. T\n+0001f6a0: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 his means the fi\n+0001f6b0: 6c65 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 le '/boot/grub/g\n+0001f6c0: 7275 622e 6366 6727 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 rub.cfg'.in the \n+0001f6d0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+0001f6e0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n+0001f6f0: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 d disk. If you \n+0001f700: 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 650a omit the device.\n+0001f710: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 6f6c name in an absol\n+0001f720: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2047 ute file name, G\n+0001f730: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 RUB uses GRUB's \n+0001f740: 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 220a 696d \"root device\".im\n+0001f750: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 plicitly. So if\n+0001f760: 2079 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f you set the roo\n+0001f770: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 t device to, say\n+0001f780: 2c20 2728 6864 312c 3129 2720 6279 2074 , '(hd1,1)' by t\n+0001f790: 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 7420 he.command 'set \n+0001f7a0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 2720 282a root=(hd1,1)' (*\n+0001f7b0: 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 note set::), the\n+0001f7c0: 6e20 272f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c27 n '/boot/kernel'\n+0001f7d0: 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the.same as \n+0001f7e0: 2728 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 '(hd1,1)/boot/ke\n+0001f7f0: 726e 656c 272e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 rnel'... On ZF\n+0001f800: 5320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 S filesystem the\n+0001f810: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 first path comp\n+0001f820: 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f onent must be.VO\n+0001f830: 4c55 4d45 2740 275b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 LUME'@'[SNAPSHOT\n+0001f840: 5d2e 2020 536f 2027 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c ]. So '/rootvol\n+0001f850: 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 @snap-129/boot/g\n+0001f860: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7265 rub/grub.cfg' re\n+0001f870: 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 2027 2f62 fers.to file '/b\n+0001f880: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+0001f890: 6727 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206f g' in snapshot o\n+0001f8a0: 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 2027 726f 6f74 766f f volume 'rootvo\n+0001f8b0: 6c27 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0a27 736e l' with name.'sn\n+0001f8c0: 6170 2d31 3239 272e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 ap-129'. Traili\n+0001f8d0: 6e67 2027 4027 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c ng '@' after vol\n+0001f8e0: 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 ume name is mand\n+0001f8f0: 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e atory even if.sn\n+0001f900: 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f apshot name is o\n+0001f910: 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mitted.....File:\n+0001f920: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001f930: 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 e: Block list sy\n+0001f940: 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c ntax, Prev: Fil\n+0001f950: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f960: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f970: 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.3 How to spec\n+0001f980: 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a ify block lists.\n+0001f990: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001f9a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001f9b0: 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 .A block list is\n+0001f9c0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 used for specif\n+0001f9d0: 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 ying a file that\n+0001f9e0: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 doesn't appear \n+0001f9f0: 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 in the.filesyste\n+0001fa00: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c m, like a chainl\n+0001fa10: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 oader. The synt\n+0001fa20: 6178 2069 730a 275b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b ax is.'[OFFSET]+\n+0001fa30: 4c45 4e47 5448 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 545d LENGTH[,[OFFSET]\n+0001fa40: 2b4c 454e 4754 485d 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2048 +LENGTH]...'. H\n+0001fa50: 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c ere is an exampl\n+0001fa60: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 e:.. 0+100,2\n+0001fa70: 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 0a0a 2020 00+1,300+300.. \n+0001fa80: 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 This represents\n+0001fa90: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c that GRUB shoul\n+0001faa0: 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 d read blocks 0 \n+0001fab0: 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 through 99, bloc\n+0001fac0: 6b20 3230 302c 0a61 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b k 200,.and block\n+0001fad0: 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 s 300 through 59\n+0001fae0: 392e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 9. If you omit \n+0001faf0: 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 an offset, then \n+0001fb00: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 0a74 6865 GRUB assumes.the\n+0001fb10: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e offset is zero.\n+0001fb20: 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 .. Like the fi\n+0001fb30: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 le name syntax (\n+0001fb40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+0001fb50: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 syntax::), if a \n+0001fb60: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e blocklist.does n\n+0001fb70: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 ot contain a dev\n+0001fb80: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 ice name, then G\n+0001fb90: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 RUB uses GRUB's \n+0001fba0: 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 222e 2020 \"root device\". \n+0001fbb0: 536f 0a27 2868 6430 2c32 292b 3127 2069 So.'(hd0,2)+1' i\n+0001fbc0: 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 272b s the same as '+\n+0001fbd0: 3127 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 1' when the root\n+0001fbe0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2027 2868 6430 device is '(hd0\n+0001fbf0: 2c32 2927 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ,2)'.....File: g\n+0001fc00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001fc10: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 Interface, Nex\n+0001fc20: 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 t: Environment, \n+0001fc30: 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Prev: Filesyste\n+0001fc40: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 m, Up: Top..14 \n+0001fc50: 4752 5542 2773 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 GRUB's user inte\n+0001fc60: 7266 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rface.**********\n+0001fc70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001fc80: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2062 6f74 6820 6120 GRUB has both a \n+0001fc90: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n+0001fca0: 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 rface for choosi\n+0001fcb0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 656e 7472 6965 ng preset entrie\n+0001fcc0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 s from a.configu\n+0001fcd0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+0001fce0: 2061 2068 6967 686c 7920 666c 6578 6962 a highly flexib\n+0001fcf0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 le command-line \n+0001fd00: 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 for performing.a\n+0001fd10: 6e79 2064 6573 6972 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 ny desired combi\n+0001fd20: 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626f 6f74 2063 nation of boot c\n+0001fd30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ommands... GRU\n+0001fd40: 4220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 666f 7220 6974 7320 B looks for its \n+0001fd50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001fd60: 6c65 2061 7320 736f 6f6e 2061 7320 6974 le as soon as it\n+0001fd70: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 660a is loaded. If.\n+0001fd80: 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 one is found, th\n+0001fd90: 656e 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6d65 6e75 en the full menu\n+0001fda0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 interface is ac\n+0001fdb0: 7469 7661 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7768 tivated using wh\n+0001fdc0: 6174 6576 6572 0a65 6e74 7269 6573 2077 atever.entries w\n+0001fdd0: 6572 6520 666f 756e 6420 696e 2074 6865 ere found in the\n+0001fde0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2063 file. If you c\n+0001fdf0: 686f 6f73 6520 7468 6520 2263 6f6d 6d61 hoose the \"comma\n+0001fe00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 206d 656e 750a 6f70 nd-line\" menu.op\n+0001fe10: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 7468 6520 tion, or if the \n+0001fe20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001fe30: 6c65 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 le was not found\n+0001fe40: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 , then GRUB drop\n+0001fe50: 7320 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to.the command\n+0001fe60: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e -line interface.\n+0001fe70: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2043 6f6d ..* Menu:..* Com\n+0001fe80: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+0001fe90: 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 ace:: The f\n+0001fea0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+0001feb0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a line interface.*\n+0001fec0: 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu interface:\n+0001fed0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 : T\n+0001fee0: 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 he simple menu i\n+0001fef0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 nterface.* Menu \n+0001ff00: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 3a3a 2020 entry editor:: \n+0001ff10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 Editing\n+0001ff20: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 0a1f a menu entry...\n+0001ff30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001ff40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n+0001ff50: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n+0001ff60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 Next: Menu int\n+0001ff70: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 erface, Up: Int\n+0001ff80: 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 2054 6865 erface..14.1 The\n+0001ff90: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n+0001ffa0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+0001ffb0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 0001ffc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001ffd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-0001ffe0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n-0001fff0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 terface provides\n-00020000: 2061 2070 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 a prompt and af\n-00020010: 7465 7220 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 ter it an editab\n-00020020: 6c65 0a74 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 le.text area muc\n-00020030: 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h like a command\n-00020040: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 -line in Unix or\n-00020050: 2044 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 DOS. Each comma\n-00020060: 6e64 2069 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c nd is.immediatel\n-00020070: 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 y executed after\n-00020080: 2069 7420 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 it is entered(1\n-00020090: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ) (*note Command\n-000200a0: 2d6c 696e 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d -line.interface-\n-000200b0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n-000200c0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e The commands (*n\n-000200d0: 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ote Command-line\n-000200e0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 7920 and menu.entry \n-000200f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 commands::) are \n-00020100: 6120 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6f73 a subset of thos\n-00020110: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 e available in t\n-00020120: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00020130: 0a66 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 .file, used with\n-00020140: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d exactly the sam\n-00020150: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 e syntax... Cu\n-00020160: 7273 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e rsor movement an\n-00020170: 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 d editing of the\n-00020180: 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e text on the lin\n-00020190: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 e can be done vi\n-000201a0: 6120 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 a a.subset of th\n-000201b0: 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 e functions avai\n-000201c0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 lable in the Bas\n-000201d0: 6820 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a h shell:...\n-000201e0: 3c50 4320 7269 6768 7420 6b65 793e 0a20 . \n-000201f0: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 Move forward\n-00020200: 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a one character..\n-00020210: 0a3c 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 ... Move b\n-00020230: 6163 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 ack one characte\n-00020240: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e r....\n-00020250: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 . Move to th\n-00020260: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c e start of the l\n-00020270: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 ine..... Move the \n-00020290: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c the end of the l\n-000202a0: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c ine..... Delete th\n-000202c0: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 e character unde\n-000202d0: 726e 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f rneath the curso\n-000202e0: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 r..... \n-000202f0: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 Delete the c\n-00020300: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 haracter to the \n-00020310: 6c65 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 left of the curs\n-00020320: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 or.... \n-00020330: 4b69 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 Kill the text fr\n-00020340: 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 om the current c\n-00020350: 7572 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 ursor position t\n-00020360: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 o the end of the\n-00020370: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d . line.... Kill bac\n-00020390: 6b77 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 kward from the c\n-000203a0: 7572 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 ursor to the beg\n-000203b0: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 inning of the li\n-000203c0: 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 ne.... \n-000203d0: 5961 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 Yank the killed \n-000203e0: 7465 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 text back into t\n-000203f0: 6865 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 he buffer at the\n-00020400: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a cursor....\n-00020410: 3c50 4320 7570 206b 6579 3e0a 2020 2020 . \n-00020420: 204d 6f76 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 Move up through\n-00020430: 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 the history lis\n-00020440: 742e 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 646f t..... Mov\n-00020460: 6520 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 e down through t\n-00020470: 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e he history list.\n-00020480: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 .. When typing\n-00020490: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 commands intera\n-000204a0: 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 ctively, if the \n-000204b0: 6375 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e cursor is within\n-000204c0: 206f 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 or before.the f\n-000204d0: 6972 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 irst word in the\n-000204e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 command-line, p\n-000204f0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 ressing the key (or )\n-00020510: 0a77 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 .will display a \n-00020520: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 listing of the a\n-00020530: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n-00020540: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 s, and if the cu\n-00020550: 7273 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 rsor is.after th\n-00020560: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 e first word, th\n-00020570: 6520 273c 5441 423e 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 e '' will p\n-00020580: 726f 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 rovide a complet\n-00020590: 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 0a64 ion listing of.d\n-000205a0: 6973 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 isks, partitions\n-000205b0: 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 , and file names\n-000205c0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 depending on th\n-000205d0: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 e context. 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T\n-00020680: 6869 7320 6973 2062 6563 6175 7365 2054 his is because T\n-00020690: 4654 5020 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 FTP doesn't supp\n-000206a0: 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6c69 ort file name li\n-000206b0: 7374 696e 6720 666f 720a 7468 6520 7365 sting for.the se\n-000206c0: 6375 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a curity.....File:\n-000206d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000206e0: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 e: Command-line \n-000206f0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f interface-Footno\n-00020700: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e tes, Up: Comman\n-00020710: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00020720: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2048 6f77 6576 6572 .. (1) However\n-00020730: 2c20 7468 6973 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 , this behavior \n-00020740: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 will be changed \n-00020750: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 6520 7665 in the future ve\n-00020760: 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 rsion, in.a user\n-00020770: 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a -invisible way..\n-00020780: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00020790: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 fo, Node: Menu \n-000207a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 interface, Next\n-000207b0: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 : Menu entry edi\n-000207c0: 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d tor, Prev: Comm\n-000207d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000207e0: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 ce, Up: Interfa\n-000207f0: 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 6865 2073 696d ce..14.2 The sim\n-00020800: 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ple menu interfa\n-00020810: 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ce.=============\n-00020820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020830: 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 =..The menu inte\n-00020840: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2071 7569 7465 2065 rface is quite e\n-00020850: 6173 7920 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 7473 asy to use. Its\n-00020860: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 626f commands are bo\n-00020870: 7468 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 696e th.reasonably in\n-00020880: 7475 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 7363 tuitive and desc\n-00020890: 7269 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2e ribed on screen.\n-000208a0: 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 .. Basically, \n-000208b0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the menu interfa\n-000208c0: 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 6c69 ce provides a li\n-000208d0: 7374 206f 6620 2262 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 st of \"boot entr\n-000208e0: 6965 7322 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 ies\" to.the user\n-000208f0: 2074 6f20 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e to choose from.\n-00020900: 2020 5573 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 Use the arrow \n-00020910: 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 keys to select t\n-00020920: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 he entry of.choi\n-00020930: 6365 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c ce, then press <\n-00020940: 5245 543e 2074 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 RET> to run it. \n-00020950: 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 696d An optional tim\n-00020960: 656f 7574 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c eout is availabl\n-00020970: 6520 746f 0a62 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 e to.boot the de\n-00020980: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 2874 6865 fault entry (the\n-00020990: 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f first one if no\n-000209a0: 7420 7365 7429 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 t set), which is\n-000209b0: 2061 626f 7274 6564 2062 790a 7072 6573 aborted by.pres\n-000209c0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 sing any key... \n-000209d0: 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 Commands are a\n-000209e0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 656e 7465 vailable to ente\n-000209f0: 7220 6120 6261 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 r a bare command\n-00020a00: 2d6c 696e 6520 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e -line by pressin\n-00020a10: 6720 3c63 3e0a 2877 6869 6368 206f 7065 g .(which ope\n-00020a20: 7261 7465 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 6c69 rates exactly li\n-00020a30: 6b65 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 6669 ke the non-confi\n-00020a40: 672d 6669 6c65 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f g-file version o\n-00020a50: 6620 4752 5542 2c20 6275 740a 616c 6c6f f GRUB, but.allo\n-00020a60: 7773 206f 6e65 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e ws one to return\n-00020a70: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6620 to the menu if \n-00020a80: 6465 7369 7265 6420 6279 2070 7265 7373 desired by press\n-00020a90: 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e29 206f 7220 746f ing ) or to\n-00020aa0: 0a65 6469 7420 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 .edit any of the\n-00020ab0: 2022 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2220 \"boot entries\" \n-00020ac0: 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e by pressing .\n-00020ad0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 .. If you prot\n-00020ae0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ect the menu int\n-00020af0: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 erface with a pa\n-00020b00: 7373 776f 7264 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 ssword (*note Se\n-00020b10: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 curity::),.all y\n-00020b20: 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f ou can do is cho\n-00020b30: 6f73 6520 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 ose an entry by \n-00020b40: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 pressing , \n-00020b50: 6f72 2070 7265 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a or press

to.\n-00020b60: 656e 7465 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f enter the passwo\n-00020b70: 7264 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rd.....File: gru\n-00020b80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n-00020b90: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 enu entry editor\n-00020ba0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e , Prev: Menu in\n-00020bb0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e terface, Up: In\n-00020bc0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 terface..14.3 Ed\n-00020bd0: 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 iting a menu ent\n-00020be0: 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ry.=============\n-00020bf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00020c00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 e menu entry edi\n-00020c10: 746f 7220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 206c tor looks much l\n-00020c20: 696b 6520 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e ike the main men\n-00020c30: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 7574 u interface, but\n-00020c40: 2074 6865 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 6e20 7468 the.lines in th\n-00020c50: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 7265 2069 6e64 6976 e menu are indiv\n-00020c60: 6964 7561 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 idual commands i\n-00020c70: 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2065 n the selected e\n-00020c80: 6e74 7279 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 ntry instead.of \n-00020c90: 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 entry names... \n-00020ca0: 2049 6620 616e 203c 4553 433e 2069 7320 If an is \n-00020cb0: 7072 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2065 pressed in the e\n-00020cc0: 6469 746f 722c 2069 7420 6162 6f72 7473 ditor, it aborts\n-00020cd0: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6573 all the changes\n-00020ce0: 206d 6164 650a 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e made.to the con\n-00020cf0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7279 figuration entry\n-00020d00: 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6f20 and returns to \n-00020d10: 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e the main menu in\n-00020d20: 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6163 terface... Eac\n-00020d30: 6820 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 h line in the me\n-00020d40: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 616e 2062 6520 nu entry can be \n-00020d50: 6564 6974 6564 2066 7265 656c 792c 2061 edited freely, a\n-00020d60: 6e64 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6464 206e nd you can add n\n-00020d70: 6577 0a6c 696e 6573 2062 7920 7072 6573 ew.lines by pres\n-00020d80: 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2061 7420 7468 sing at th\n-00020d90: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206c 696e 652e e end of a line.\n-00020da0: 2020 546f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6564 To boot the ed\n-00020db0: 6974 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a 7072 6573 ited entry,.pres\n-00020dc0: 7320 3c43 7472 6c2d 783e 2e0a 0a20 2020 s ... \n-00020dd0: 416c 7468 6f75 6768 2047 5255 4220 756e Although GRUB un\n-00020de0: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 fortunately does\n-00020df0: 206e 6f74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2022 756e not support \"un\n-00020e00: 646f 222c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f0a do\", you can do.\n-00020e10: 616c 6d6f 7374 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 almost the same \n-00020e20: 7468 696e 6720 6279 206a 7573 7420 7265 thing by just re\n-00020e30: 7475 726e 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 206d turning to the m\n-00020e40: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2075 7369 6e67 203c ain menu using <\n-00020e50: 4553 433e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ESC>.....File: g\n-00020e60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00020e70: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 204e Environment, N\n-00020e80: 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ext: Commands, \n-00020e90: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c Prev: Interface,\n-00020ea0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 Up: Top..15 GR\n-00020eb0: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 UB environment v\n-00020ec0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ariables.*******\n+0001ffd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 =========..The c\n+0001ffe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+0001fff0: 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 rface provides a\n+00020000: 2070 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 prompt and afte\n+00020010: 7220 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 r it an editable\n+00020020: 0a74 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 .text area much \n+00020030: 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c like a command-l\n+00020040: 696e 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 ine in Unix or D\n+00020050: 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 OS. Each command\n+00020060: 2069 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 is.immediately \n+00020070: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 executed after i\n+00020080: 7420 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 t is entered(1) \n+00020090: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+000200a0: 696e 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f ine.interface-Fo\n+000200b0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 otnote-1::). Th\n+000200c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 e commands (*not\n+000200d0: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 e Command-line a\n+000200e0: 6e64 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu.entry co\n+000200f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 6120 mmands::) are a \n+00020100: 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 subset of those \n+00020110: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 available in the\n+00020120: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n+00020130: 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2065 ile, used with e\n+00020140: 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 xactly the same \n+00020150: 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 7273 syntax... Curs\n+00020160: 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e 6420 or movement and \n+00020170: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2074 editing of the t\n+00020180: 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ext on the line \n+00020190: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 can be done via \n+000201a0: 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 a.subset of the \n+000201b0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 6c61 functions availa\n+000201c0: 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 6820 ble in the Bash \n+000201d0: 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 shell:.... \n+000201f0: 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206f Move forward o\n+00020200: 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c ne character...<\n+00020210: 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 6b65 C-b>.. Move bac\n+00020230: 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e k one character.\n+00020240: 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e 0a20 .... \n+00020250: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Move to the \n+00020260: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e start of the lin\n+00020270: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 3e0a e.....\n+00020280: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7468 Move the th\n+00020290: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e e end of the lin\n+000202a0: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c 3e0a e.....\n+000202b0: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n+000202c0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 726e character undern\n+000202d0: 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e eath the cursor.\n+000202e0: 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 2020 .... \n+000202f0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 Delete the cha\n+00020300: 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 racter to the le\n+00020310: 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 ft of the cursor\n+00020320: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 .... 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Note t\n+000205e0: 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 6120 hat.to obtain a \n+000205f0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 6573 2c20 list of drives, \n+00020600: 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 6e20 6120 one must open a \n+00020610: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c 2061 7320 parenthesis, as \n+00020620: 2772 6f6f 7420 2827 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 'root ('... No\n+00020630: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e te that you cann\n+00020640: 6f74 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c ot use the compl\n+00020650: 6574 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c etion functional\n+00020660: 6974 7920 696e 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a ity in the TFTP.\n+00020670: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 filesystem. 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Its c\n+00020860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 626f 7468 ommands are both\n+00020870: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 696e 7475 .reasonably intu\n+00020880: 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 7363 7269 itive and descri\n+00020890: 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a bed on screen...\n+000208a0: 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Basically, th\n+000208b0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+000208c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 6c69 7374 provides a list\n+000208d0: 206f 6620 2262 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 of \"boot entrie\n+000208e0: 7322 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 s\" to.the user t\n+000208f0: 6f20 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 o choose from. \n+00020900: 5573 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 Use the arrow ke\n+00020910: 7973 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 ys to select the\n+00020920: 2065 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 entry of.choice\n+00020930: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 , then press to run it. 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Environ\n+00020f50: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 ment variables h\n+00020f60: 6176 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2c20 7768 6963 ave a name, whic\n+00020f70: 6820 6973 0a75 6e69 7175 6520 616e 6420 h is.unique and \n+00020f80: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 2073 686f is usually a sho\n+00020f90: 7274 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 722c 2061 rt identifier, a\n+00020fa0: 6e64 2061 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 nd a value, whic\n+00020fb0: 6820 6973 2061 6e0a 6172 6269 7472 6172 h is an.arbitrar\n+00020fc0: 7920 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 6368 6172 y string of char\n+00020fd0: 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6d61 acters. They ma\n+00020fe0: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 y be set (*note \n+00020ff0: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 756e 7365 740a 282a set::), unset.(*\n+00021000: 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 292c 206f note unset::), o\n+00021010: 7220 6c6f 6f6b 6564 2075 7020 282a 6e6f r looked up (*no\n+00021020: 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 te Shell-like sc\n+00021030: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2062 7920 6e61 ripting::) by na\n+00021040: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e75 6d62 6572 me... A number\n+00021050: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+00021060: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 2073 variables have s\n+00021070: 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 pecial meanings \n+00021080: 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a70 6172 7473 to various.parts\n+00021090: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4f74 6865 7273 of GRUB. Others\n+000210a0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 7265 may be used fre\n+000210b0: 656c 7920 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 ely in GRUB conf\n+000210c0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n+000210d0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 7065 ..* Menu:..* Spe\n+000210e0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000210f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2045 variables::.* E\n+00021100: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00021110: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+00021120: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5370 .info, Node: Sp\n+00021130: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00021140: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 t variables, Ne\n+00021150: 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 xt: Environment \n+00021160: 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 block, Up: Envi\n+00021170: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3120 5370 ronment..15.1 Sp\n+00021180: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00021190: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d t variables.====\n 000211a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211c0: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ..These variable\n-000211d0: 7320 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d s have special m\n-000211e0: 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a eaning to GRUB..\n-000211f0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6269 6f73 .* Menu:..* bios\n-00021200: 6e75 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 num::.* check_si\n-00021210: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2063 686f gnatures::.* cho\n-00021220: 7365 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 636d 6470 6174 683a sen::.* cmdpath:\n-00021230: 3a0a 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 :.* color_highli\n-00021240: 6768 743a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f ght::.* color_no\n-00021250: 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f rmal::.* config_\n-00021260: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793a 3a0a 2a20 636f directory::.* co\n-00021270: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a0a 2a20 6465 nfig_file::.* de\n-00021280: 6275 673a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6661 756c 743a bug::.* default:\n-00021290: 3a0a 2a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 0a2a :.* fallback::.*\n-000212a0: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 gfxmode::.* gfx\n-000212b0: 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7874 payload::.* gfxt\n-000212c0: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 erm_font::.* gru\n-000212d0: 625f 6370 753a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f70 b_cpu::.* grub_p\n-000212e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6963 6f6e latform::.* icon\n-000212f0: 6469 723a 3a0a 2a20 6c61 6e67 3a3a 0a2a dir::.* lang::.*\n-00021300: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a0a 2a20 locale_dir::.* \n-00021310: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n-00021320: 6967 6874 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f ight::.* menu_co\n-00021330: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e lor_normal::.* n\n-00021340: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00021350: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 oot_file::.* net\n-00021360: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-00021370: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a p_server_name::.\n-00021380: 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 * net__domain::.* net\n-000213a0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-000213b0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 ensionspath::.* \n-000213c0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000213d0: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 hostname::.* net\n-000213e0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 703a __ip:\n-000213f0: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 :.* net__mac::.* net_\n-00021410: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n-00021420: 5f73 6572 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f _server::.* net_\n-00021430: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00021440: 7061 7468 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 path::.* net_def\n-00021450: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a ault_interface::\n-00021460: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 .* net_default_i\n-00021470: 703a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c p::.* net_defaul\n-00021480: 745f 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 t_mac::.* net_de\n-00021490: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a fault_server::.*\n-000214a0: 2070 6167 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 pager::.* prefi\n-000214b0: 783a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a x::.* pxe_blksiz\n-000214c0: 653a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c e::.* pxe_defaul\n-000214d0: 745f 6761 7465 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 t_gateway::.* px\n-000214e0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n-000214f0: 3a3a 0a2a 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7375 ::.* root::.* su\n-00021500: 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 perusers::.* the\n-00021510: 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a me::.* timeout::\n-00021520: 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 .* timeout_style\n-00021530: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00021540: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 .info, Node: bi\n-00021550: 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 osnum, Next: ch\n-00021560: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 eck_signatures, \n-00021570: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00021580: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00021590: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f 736e es..15.1.1 biosn\n-000215a0: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-000215b0: 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f -..When chain-lo\n-000215c0: 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f ading another bo\n-000215d0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 ot loader (*note\n-000215e0: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a Chain-loading::\n-000215f0: 292c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 ), GRUB may.need\n-00021600: 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 to know what BI\n-00021610: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 OS drive number \n-00021620: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 corresponds to t\n-00021630: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 he root device.(\n-00021640: 2a6e 6f74 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f *note root::) so\n-00021650: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 that it can set\n-00021660: 2075 7020 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 up registers pr\n-00021670: 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 operly. If the \n-00021680: 4249 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 BIOSNUM.variable\n-00021690: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 is set, it over\n-000216a0: 7269 6465 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e rides GRUB's own\n-000216b0: 206d 6561 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 means of guessi\n-000216c0: 6e67 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 ng this... For\n-000216d0: 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 an alternative \n-000216e0: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 approach which a\n-000216f0: 6c73 6f20 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 lso changes BIOS\n-00021700: 2064 7269 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a drive mappings.\n-00021710: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f for the chain-lo\n-00021720: 6164 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f aded system, *no\n-00021730: 7465 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a te drivemap::...\n-00021740: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00021750: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f o, Node: check_\n-00021760: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 signatures, Nex\n-00021770: 743a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 t: chosen, Prev\n-00021780: 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 : biosnum, Up: \n-00021790: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000217a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000217b0: 352e 312e 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 5.1.2 check_sign\n-000217c0: 6174 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atures.---------\n-000217d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000217e0: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n-000217f0: 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 ntrols whether G\n-00021800: 5255 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 RUB enforces dig\n-00021810: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 ital signature.v\n-00021820: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 alidation on loa\n-00021830: 6465 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 ded files. *Not\n-00021840: 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 e Using digital \n-00021850: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f signatures::....\n-00021860: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00021870: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c , Node: chosen,\n-00021880: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c Next: cmdpath,\n-00021890: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 Prev: check_si\n-000218a0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 gnatures, Up: S\n-000218b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000218c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000218d0: 2e31 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d .1.3 chosen.----\n-000218e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 ---------..When \n-000218f0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 executing a menu\n-00021900: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 entry, GRUB set\n-00021910: 7320 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 s the CHOSEN var\n-00021920: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 iable to the tit\n-00021930: 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 le.of the entry \n-00021940: 6265 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a being executed..\n-00021950: 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 . If the menu \n-00021960: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 entry is in one \n-00021970: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 or more submenus\n-00021980: 2c20 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 , then CHOSEN is\n-00021990: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c set to.the titl\n-000219a0: 6573 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 es of each of th\n-000219b0: 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 e submenus start\n-000219c0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 ing from the top\n-000219d0: 206c 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a level followed.\n-000219e0: 6279 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 by the title of \n-000219f0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the menu entry i\n-00021a00: 7473 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 tself, separated\n-00021a10: 2062 7920 273e 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 by '>'.....File\n-00021a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00021a30: 6465 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 de: cmdpath, Ne\n-00021a40: 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 xt: color_highli\n-00021a50: 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 ght, Prev: chos\n-00021a60: 656e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c en, Up: Special\n-00021a70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00021a80: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 iables..15.1.4 c\n-00021a90: 6d64 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mdpath.---------\n-00021aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 -----..The locat\n-00021ab0: 696f 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 2027 ion from which '\n-00021ac0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 7761 7320 6c6f core.img' was lo\n-00021ad0: 6164 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c aded as an absol\n-00021ae0: 7574 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 ute directory.na\n-00021af0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e me (*note File n\n-00021b00: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ame syntax::). \n-00021b10: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 This is set by G\n-00021b20: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 RUB at startup b\n-00021b30: 6173 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 ased.on informat\n-00021b40: 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 ion returned by \n-00021b50: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 platform firmwar\n-00021b60: 652e 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c e. Not every pl\n-00021b70: 6174 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 atform.provides \n-00021b80: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n-00021b90: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 and some may re\n-00021ba0: 7475 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 turn only device\n-00021bb0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 without path.na\n-00021bc0: 6d65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 me.....File: gru\n-00021bd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00021be0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00021bf0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Next: color_nor\n-00021c00: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 mal, Prev: cmdp\n-00021c10: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n-00021c20: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00021c30: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 riables..15.1.5 \n-00021c40: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a color_highlight.\n+000211b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000211c0: 5468 6573 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 These variables \n+000211d0: 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 have special mea\n+000211e0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a2a ning to GRUB...*\n+000211f0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6269 6f73 6e75 Menu:..* biosnu\n+00021200: 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e m::.* check_sign\n+00021210: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2063 686f 7365 atures::.* chose\n+00021220: 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 636d 6470 6174 683a 3a0a n::.* cmdpath::.\n+00021230: 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 * color_highligh\n+00021240: 743a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d t::.* color_norm\n+00021250: 616c 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 al::.* config_di\n+00021260: 7265 6374 6f72 793a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 rectory::.* conf\n+00021270: 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6275 ig_file::.* debu\n+00021280: 673a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a0a g::.* default::.\n+00021290: 2a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 0a2a 2067 * fallback::.* g\n+000212a0: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7061 fxmode::.* gfxpa\n+000212b0: 796c 6f61 643a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7874 6572 yload::.* gfxter\n+000212c0: 6d5f 666f 6e74 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f m_font::.* grub_\n+000212d0: 6370 753a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 cpu::.* grub_pla\n+000212e0: 7466 6f72 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6963 6f6e 6469 tform::.* icondi\n+000212f0: 723a 3a0a 2a20 6c61 6e67 3a3a 0a2a 206c r::.* lang::.* l\n+00021300: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 ocale_dir::.* me\n+00021310: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+00021320: 6874 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f ht::.* menu_colo\n+00021330: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 r_normal::.* net\n+00021340: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+00021350: 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c t_file::.* net_<\n+00021360: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+00021370: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 server_name::.* \n+00021380: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00021390: 646f 6d61 696e 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c domain::.* net_<\n+000213a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+000213b0: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 sionspath::.* ne\n+000213c0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+000213d0: 7374 6e61 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c stname::.* net_<\n+000213e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 703a 3a0a INTERFACE>_ip::.\n+000213f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 * net__mac::.* net__next_s\n+00021420: 6572 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 erver::.* net__rootpa\n+00021440: 7468 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 th::.* net_defau\n+00021450: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a lt_interface::.*\n+00021460: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a net_default_ip:\n+00021470: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f :.* net_default_\n+00021480: 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 mac::.* net_defa\n+00021490: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 ult_server::.* p\n+000214a0: 6167 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a ager::.* prefix:\n+000214b0: 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a :.* pxe_blksize:\n+000214c0: 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f :.* pxe_default_\n+000214d0: 6761 7465 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f gateway::.* pxe_\n+000214e0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a default_server::\n+000214f0: 0a2a 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 .* root::.* supe\n+00021500: 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 rusers::.* theme\n+00021510: 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a ::.* timeout::.*\n+00021520: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a timeout_style::\n+00021530: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00021540: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 nfo, Node: bios\n+00021550: 6e75 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 num, Next: chec\n+00021560: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 k_signatures, U\n+00021570: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00021580: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00021590: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d ..15.1.1 biosnum\n+000215a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000215b0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 .When chain-load\n+000215c0: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 ing another boot\n+000215d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 loader (*note C\n+000215e0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c hain-loading::),\n+000215f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 GRUB may.need t\n+00021600: 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 o know what BIOS\n+00021610: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f drive number co\n+00021620: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 rresponds to the\n+00021630: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e root device.(*n\n+00021640: 6f74 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 ote root::) so t\n+00021650: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 hat it can set u\n+00021660: 7020 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 p registers prop\n+00021670: 6572 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 erly. If the BI\n+00021680: 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 OSNUM.variable i\n+00021690: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+000216a0: 6465 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d des GRUB's own m\n+000216b0: 6561 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 eans of guessing\n+000216c0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 this... For a\n+000216d0: 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 n alternative ap\n+000216e0: 7072 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 proach which als\n+000216f0: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 o changes BIOS d\n+00021700: 7269 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f rive mappings.fo\n+00021710: 7220 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 r the chain-load\n+00021720: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 ed system, *note\n+00021730: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a drivemap::.....\n+00021740: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00021750: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 Node: check_si\n+00021760: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a gnatures, Next:\n+00021770: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 chosen, Prev: \n+00021780: 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 biosnum, Up: Sp\n+00021790: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000217a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000217b0: 312e 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 1.2 check_signat\n+000217c0: 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ures.-----------\n+000217d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000217e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+000217f0: 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 rols whether GRU\n+00021800: 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 B enforces digit\n+00021810: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c al signature.val\n+00021820: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 idation on loade\n+00021830: 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 d files. *Note \n+00021840: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00021850: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 gnatures::.....F\n+00021860: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00021870: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 Node: chosen, \n+00021880: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 Next: cmdpath, \n+00021890: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Prev: check_sign\n+000218a0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atures, Up: Spe\n+000218b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000218c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000218d0: 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .3 chosen.------\n+000218e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 -------..When ex\n+000218f0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ecuting a menu e\n+00021900: 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 ntry, GRUB sets \n+00021910: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 the CHOSEN varia\n+00021920: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 ble to the title\n+00021930: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 .of the entry be\n+00021940: 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 ing executed... \n+00021950: 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e If the menu en\n+00021960: 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 try is in one or\n+00021970: 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 more submenus, \n+00021980: 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 then CHOSEN is s\n+00021990: 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 et to.the titles\n+000219a0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 of each of the \n+000219b0: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e submenus startin\n+000219c0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c g from the top l\n+000219d0: 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 evel followed.by\n+000219e0: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 the title of th\n+000219f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 e menu entry its\n+00021a00: 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 elf, separated b\n+00021a10: 7920 273e 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 y '>'.....File: \n+00021a20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00021a30: 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 : cmdpath, Next\n+00021a40: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+00021a50: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e t, Prev: chosen\n+00021a60: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00021a70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00021a80: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 bles..15.1.4 cmd\n+00021a90: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n+00021aa0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f ---..The locatio\n+00021ab0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 2027 636f n from which 'co\n+00021ac0: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 re.img' was load\n+00021ad0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ed as an absolut\n+00021ae0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 e directory.name\n+00021af0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n+00021b00: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n+00021b10: 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 is is set by GRU\n+00021b20: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n+00021b30: 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ed.on informatio\n+00021b40: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c n returned by pl\n+00021b50: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e atform firmware.\n+00021b60: 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 Not every plat\n+00021b70: 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 form.provides th\n+00021b80: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 is information a\n+00021b90: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 nd some may retu\n+00021ba0: 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 rn only device w\n+00021bb0: 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 ithout path.name\n+00021bc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00021bd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c info, Node: col\n+00021be0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e or_highlight, N\n+00021bf0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ext: color_norma\n+00021c00: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 l, Prev: cmdpat\n+00021c10: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n+00021c20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00021c30: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f ables..15.1.5 co\n+00021c40: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n 00021c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00021c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00021c70: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n-00021c80: 6865 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 he \"highlight\" f\n-00021c90: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n-00021ca0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 ckground.termina\n-00021cb0: 6c20 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 l colors, separa\n-00021cc0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n-00021cd0: 272f 2729 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 '/'). Setting t\n-00021ce0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 his variable.cha\n-00021cf0: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n-00021d00: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n-00021d10: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n-00021d20: 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s, *note.color_n\n-00021d30: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n-00021d40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2762 6c61 default is 'bla\n-00021d50: 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 7927 2e0a ck/light-gray'..\n-00021d60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00021d70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 fo, Node: color\n-00021d80: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _normal, Next: \n-00021d90: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n-00021da0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 , Prev: color_h\n-00021db0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ighlight, Up: S\n-00021dc0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00021dd0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00021de0: 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 .1.6 color_norma\n-00021df0: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n-00021e00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00021e10: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n-00021e20: 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 e \"normal\" foreg\n-00021e30: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n-00021e40: 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f ound terminal.co\n-00021e50: 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 lors, separated \n-00021e60: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 by a slash ('/')\n-00021e70: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 . Setting this \n-00021e80: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n-00021e90: 2074 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 those.colors. \n-00021ea0: 4561 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 Each color must \n-00021eb0: 6265 2061 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 be a name from t\n-00021ec0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 he following lis\n-00021ed0: 743a 0a0a 2020 202a 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 t:.. * black. \n-00021ee0: 2020 2a20 626c 7565 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 * blue. * gr\n-00021ef0: 6565 6e0a 2020 202a 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 een. * cyan. \n-00021f00: 202a 2072 6564 0a20 2020 2a20 6d61 6765 * red. * mage\n-00021f10: 6e74 610a 2020 202a 2062 726f 776e 0a20 nta. * brown. \n-00021f20: 2020 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 * light-gray. \n-00021f30: 2020 2a20 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 * dark-gray. \n-00021f40: 202a 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 * light-blue. \n-00021f50: 202a 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 * light-green. \n-00021f60: 2020 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 * light-cyan. \n-00021f70: 2020 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 * light-red. \n-00021f80: 202a 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 * light-magenta\n-00021f90: 0a20 2020 2a20 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 . * yellow. \n-00021fa0: 2a20 7768 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 * white.. The \n-00021fb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2027 6c69 6768 default is 'ligh\n-00021fc0: 742d 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b 272e 0a0a t-gray/black'...\n-00021fd0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 The color sup\n-00021fe0: 706f 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 port support var\n-00021ff0: 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ies from termina\n-00022000: 6c20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a l to terminal...\n-00022010: 2020 2027 6d6f 7273 6527 2068 6173 206e 'morse' has n\n-00022020: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 o color support \n-00022030: 6174 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 276d 6461 at all... 'mda\n-00022040: 5f74 6578 7427 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 _text' color sup\n-00022050: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 port is limited \n-00022060: 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 to highlighting \n-00022070: 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 by black/white.r\n-00022080: 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2027 636f eversal... 'co\n-00022090: 6e73 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 nsole' on ARC, E\n-000220a0: 4d55 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c MU and IEEE1275,\n-000220b0: 2027 7365 7269 616c 5f2a 2720 616e 6420 'serial_*' and \n-000220c0: 2773 706b 6d6f 6465 6d27 2061 7265 0a67 'spkmodem' are.g\n-000220d0: 6f76 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 overned by termi\n-000220e0: 6e66 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 nfo and support \n-000220f0: 6f6e 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 only 8 colors if\n-00022100: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 2776 7431 3030 in modes 'vt100\n-00022110: 2d63 6f6c 6f72 270a 2864 6566 6175 6c74 -color'.(default\n-00022120: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n-00022130: 656d 7529 2c20 2761 7263 2720 2864 6566 emu), 'arc' (def\n-00022140: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ault for console\n-00022150: 206f 6e20 4152 4329 2c0a 2769 6565 6531 on ARC),.'ieee1\n-00022160: 3237 3527 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 275' (default fo\n-00022170: 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 r console on IEE\n-00022180: 4531 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e E1275). When in\n-00022190: 206d 6f64 6520 2776 7431 3030 2720 7468 mode 'vt100' th\n-000221a0: 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 en.the color sup\n-000221b0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 port is limited \n-000221c0: 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 to highlighting \n-000221d0: 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 by black/white r\n-000221e0: 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e eversal..When in\n-000221f0: 206d 6f64 6520 2764 756d 6227 2074 6865 mode 'dumb' the\n-00022200: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 re is no color s\n-00022210: 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e upport... When\n-00022220: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 console support\n-00022230: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 6973 s no colors this\n-00022240: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 6e6f setting is igno\n-00022250: 7265 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f red. When.conso\n-00022260: 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 636f le supports 8 co\n-00022270: 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2063 lors, then the c\n-00022280: 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 olors from the s\n-00022290: 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 7468 econd half of th\n-000222a0: 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 7420 e.previous list \n-000222b0: 6172 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 7468 are mapped to th\n-000222c0: 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 e matching color\n-000222d0: 7320 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c 662e s of first half.\n-000222e0: 0a0a 2020 2027 636f 6e73 6f6c 6527 206f .. 'console' o\n-000222f0: 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 n EFI and BIOS a\n-00022300: 6e64 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 2720 7375 nd 'vga_text' su\n-00022310: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c pport all 16 col\n-00022320: 6f72 732e 0a0a 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 ors... 'gfxter\n-00022330: 6d27 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 m' supports all \n-00022340: 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 16 colors and wo\n-00022350: 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 uld be theoretic\n-00022360: 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 ally.extendable \n-00022370: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 to support whole\n-00022380: 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 rgb24 palette b\n-00022390: 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 ut currently the\n-000223a0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c re is no.compell\n-000223b0: 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f ing reason to go\n-000223c0: 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 beyond the curr\n-000223d0: 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a ent 16 colors...\n-000223e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000223f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 o, Node: config\n-00022400: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 _directory, Nex\n-00022410: 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 t: config_file, \n-00022420: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Prev: color_nor\n-00022430: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mal, Up: Specia\n-00022440: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00022450: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 riables..15.1.7 \n-00022460: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n-00022470: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00022480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00022490: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d ariable is autom\n-000224a0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 atically set by \n-000224b0: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 GRUB to the dire\n-000224c0: 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 ctory part of.cu\n-000224d0: 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 rrent configurat\n-000224e0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a ion file name (*\n-000224f0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 note config_file\n-00022500: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00022510: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022520: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 config_file, Ne\n-00022530: 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 xt: debug, Prev\n-00022540: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f : config_directo\n-00022550: 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ry, Up: Special\n-00022560: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00022570: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 iables..15.1.8 c\n-00022580: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d onfig_file.-----\n-00022590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-000225a0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-000225b0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n-000225c0: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 t by GRUB to the\n-000225d0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 name of configu\n-000225e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 ration.file that\n-000225f0: 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 is being proces\n-00022600: 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 sed by commands \n-00022610: 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 'configfile' (*n\n-00022620: 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a ote.configfile::\n-00022630: 2920 6f72 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 282a ) or 'normal' (*\n-00022640: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n-00022650: 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 It is restored \n-00022660: 746f 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 to the.previous \n-00022670: 7661 6c75 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 value when comma\n-00022680: 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f nd completes....\n-00022690: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000226a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 , Node: debug, \n-000226b0: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 Next: default, \n-000226c0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 Prev: config_fi\n-000226d0: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c le, Up: Special\n-000226e0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000226f0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 iables..15.1.9 d\n-00022700: 6562 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ebug.-----------\n-00022710: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00022720: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 may be set to e\n-00022730: 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 nable debugging \n-00022740: 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 output from vari\n-00022750: 6f75 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f ous.components o\n-00022760: 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 f GRUB. The valu\n-00022770: 6520 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 e is a list of d\n-00022780: 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 ebug facility na\n-00022790: 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 mes.separated by\n-000227a0: 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 2027 whitespace or '\n-000227b0: 2c27 2c20 6f72 2027 616c 6c27 2074 6f20 ,', or 'all' to \n-000227c0: 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c enable all avail\n-000227d0: 6162 6c65 0a64 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f able.debugging o\n-000227e0: 7574 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 utput. The faci\n-000227f0: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 lity names are t\n-00022800: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e he first argumen\n-00022810: 7420 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 t to.grub_dprint\n-00022820: 662e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 736f 7572 f. Consult sour\n-00022830: 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 ce for more deta\n-00022840: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n-00022850: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022860: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 default, Next: \n-00022870: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a fallback, Prev:\n-00022880: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 debug, Up: Spe\n-00022890: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000228a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000228b0: 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d .10 default.----\n-000228c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-000228d0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-000228e0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 set, it identif\n-000228f0: 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ies a menu entry\n-00022900: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a that should be.\n-00022910: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 selected by defa\n-00022920: 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 ult, possibly af\n-00022930: 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a ter a timeout (*\n-00022940: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e note timeout::).\n-00022950: 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 The.entry may \n-00022960: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 be identified by\n-00022970: 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e number (startin\n-00022980: 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 g from 0 at each\n-00022990: 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 level of the.hi\n-000229a0: 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 erarchy), by tit\n-000229b0: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 le, or by id... \n-000229c0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n-000229d0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e f you have:..men\n-000229e0: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n-000229f0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n-00022a00: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n-00022a10: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n-00022a20: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n-00022a30: 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 {......}.. th\n-00022a40: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n-00022a50: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n-00022a60: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 using:.. de\n-00022a70: 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e fault=example-gn\n-00022a80: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 u-linux.. If t\n-00022a90: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 he entry is in a\n-00022aa0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 submenu, then i\n-00022ab0: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 t must be identi\n-00022ac0: 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e fied using the.n\n-00022ad0: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 umber, title, or\n-00022ae0: 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 id of each of t\n-00022af0: 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 he submenus star\n-00022b00: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f ting from the to\n-00022b10: 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 p.level, followe\n-00022b20: 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c d by the number,\n-00022b30: 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 title, or id of\n-00022b40: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-00022b50: 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 itself,.with eac\n-00022b60: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 h element separa\n-00022b70: 7465 6420 6279 2027 3e27 2e20 2046 6f72 ted by '>'. For\n-00022b80: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 example, take t\n-00022b90: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d 656e he following.men\n-00022ba0: 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a 2020 u structure:.. \n-00022bb0: 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d 6964 GNU/Hurd --id\n-00022bc0: 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 2020 gnu-hurd. \n-00022bd0: 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 202d Standard Boot -\n-00022be0: 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 7464 -id=gnu-hurd-std\n-00022bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 2073 . Rescue s\n-00022c00: 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 hell --id=gnu-hu\n-00022c10: 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 204f rd-rescue. O\n-00022c20: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 202d ther platforms -\n-00022c30: 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 -id=other. \n-00022c40: 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 Minix --id=mini\n-00022c50: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 x. Versi\n-00022c60: 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 on 3.4.0 --id=mi\n-00022c70: 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 nix-3.4.0. \n-00022c80: 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 Version 3.3.0\n-00022c90: 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e --id=minix-3.3.\n-00022ca0: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 0. GRUB In\n-00022cb0: 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 vaders --id=grub\n-00022cc0: 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 -invaders.. Th\n-00022cd0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 7265 e more recent re\n-00022ce0: 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 2077 lease of Minix w\n-00022cf0: 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 6465 ould then be ide\n-00022d00: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 2027 4f74 6865 ntified as 'Othe\n-00022d10: 720a 706c 6174 666f 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 r.platforms>Mini\n-00022d20: 783e 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3027 x>Version 3.4.0'\n-00022d30: 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 2731 3e30 3e30 272c , or as '1>0>0',\n-00022d40: 206f 7220 6173 0a27 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 or as.'other>mi\n-00022d50: 6e69 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 3027 nix>minix-3.4.0'\n-00022d60: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n-00022d70: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n-00022d80: 2062 7920 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c by 'GRUB_DEFAUL\n-00022d90: 5427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 T' (*note Simple\n-00022da0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n-00022db0: 292c 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 ), 'grub-set-def\n-00022dc0: 6175 6c74 272c 206f 7220 2767 7275 622d ault', or 'grub-\n-00022dd0: 7265 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 reboot'.....File\n-00022de0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00022df0: 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e de: fallback, N\n-00022e00: 6578 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 ext: gfxmode, P\n-00022e10: 7265 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 rev: default, U\n-00022e20: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022e30: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022e40: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 ..15.1.11 fallba\n-00022e50: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n-00022e60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00022e70: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00022e80: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 identifies a me\n-00022e90: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 nu entry that sh\n-00022ea0: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ould be.selected\n-00022eb0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 if the default \n-00022ec0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 menu entry fails\n-00022ed0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 to boot. Entri\n-00022ee0: 6573 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 es are.identifie\n-00022ef0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 d in the same wa\n-00022f00: 7920 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6465 6661 756c y as for 'defaul\n-00022f10: 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c t' (*note defaul\n-00022f20: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-00022f30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00022f40: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a gfxmode, Next:\n-00022f50: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 gfxpayload, Pr\n-00022f60: 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 ev: fallback, U\n-00022f70: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022f80: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022f90: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 ..15.1.12 gfxmod\n-00022fa0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00022fb0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00022fc0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 ble is set, it s\n-00022fd0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ets the resoluti\n-00022fe0: 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2027 on used on the '\n-00022ff0: 6766 7874 6572 6d27 0a67 7261 7068 6963 gfxterm'.graphic\n-00023000: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f al terminal. No\n-00023010: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 te that you can \n-00023020: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 only use modes w\n-00023030: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 hich your.graphi\n-00023040: 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 cs card supports\n-00023050: 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 via VESA BIOS E\n-00023060: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c xtensions (VBE),\n-00023070: 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a so for example.\n-00023080: 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c native LCD panel\n-00023090: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 resolutions may\n-000230a0: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c not be availabl\n-000230b0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 e. The default \n-000230c0: 6973 0a27 6175 746f 272c 2077 6869 6368 is.'auto', which\n-000230d0: 2073 656c 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 selects a platf\n-000230e0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 orm-specific def\n-000230f0: 6175 6c74 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ault that should\n-00023100: 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 look.reasonable\n-00023110: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 . Supported mod\n-00023120: 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 es can be listed\n-00023130: 2062 7920 2776 6964 656f 696e 666f 2720 by 'videoinfo' \n-00023140: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e command in.GRUB.\n-00023150: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 .. The resolut\n-00023160: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 ion may be speci\n-00023170: 6669 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e fied as a sequen\n-00023180: 6365 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 ce of one or mor\n-00023190: 6520 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 e modes,.separat\n-000231a0: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 272c ed by commas (',\n-000231b0: 2729 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 ') or semicolons\n-000231c0: 2028 273b 2729 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c (';'); each wil\n-000231d0: 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 l be tried in.tu\n-000231e0: 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 rn until one is \n-000231f0: 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 found. Each mod\n-00023200: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 e should be eith\n-00023210: 6572 2027 6175 746f 272c 0a27 5749 4454 er 'auto',.'WIDT\n-00023220: 4878 4845 4947 4854 272c 206f 7220 2757 HxHEIGHT', or 'W\n-00023230: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 IDTHxHEIGHTxDEPT\n-00023240: 4827 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 H'.....File: gru\n-00023250: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-00023260: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 fxpayload, Next\n-00023270: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n-00023280: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 Prev: gfxmode, \n-00023290: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000232a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000232b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 es..15.1.13 gfxp\n-000232c0: 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ayload.---------\n-000232d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-000232e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000232f0: 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 et, it controls \n-00023300: 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 the video mode i\n-00023310: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n which the Linu\n-00023320: 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 x.kernel starts \n-00023330: 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 up, replacing th\n-00023340: 6520 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 e 'vga=' boot op\n-00023350: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 tion (*note linu\n-00023360: 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 x::). It.may be\n-00023370: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2074 set to 'text' t\n-00023380: 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 o force the Linu\n-00023390: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 x kernel to boot\n-000233a0: 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a in normal text.\n-000233b0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 6f20 mode, 'keep' to \n-000233c0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 preserve the gra\n-000233d0: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 phics mode set u\n-000233e0: 7369 6e67 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2c20 sing 'gfxmode', \n-000233f0: 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 or any.of the pe\n-00023400: 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 rmitted values f\n-00023410: 6f72 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2074 6f20 or 'gfxmode' to \n-00023420: 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 set a particular\n-00023430: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 graphics mode.(\n-00023440: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 *note gfxmode::)\n-00023450: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 ... Depending \n-00023460: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 on your kernel, \n-00023470: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n-00023480: 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 n, your graphics\n-00023490: 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 card, and.the p\n-000234a0: 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e hase of the moon\n-000234b0: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e , note that usin\n-000234c0: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 g this option ma\n-000234d0: 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 y cause GNU/Linu\n-000234e0: 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d x.to suffer from\n-000234f0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 various display\n-00023500: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 problems, parti\n-00023510: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 cularly during t\n-00023520: 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 he early.part of\n-00023530: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n-00023540: 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 ce. If you have\n-00023550: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 problems, set t\n-00023560: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a his variable to.\n-00023570: 2774 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 'text' and GRUB \n-00023580: 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 will tell Linux \n-00023590: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 to boot in norma\n-000235a0: 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 l text mode... \n-000235b0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-000235c0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n-000235d0: 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 c. On platforms\n-000235e0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 with a native t\n-000235f0: 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 ext.mode (such a\n-00023600: 7320 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f s PC BIOS platfo\n-00023610: 726d 7329 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rms), the defaul\n-00023620: 7420 6973 2027 7465 7874 272e 2020 4f74 t is 'text'. Ot\n-00023630: 6865 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 herwise the.defa\n-00023640: 756c 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2027 6175 746f ult may be 'auto\n-00023650: 2720 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 ' or a specific \n-00023660: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 video mode... \n-00023670: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n-00023680: 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 often set by 'G\n-00023690: 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c RUB_GFXPAYLOAD_L\n-000236a0: 494e 5558 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d INUX' (*note Sim\n-000236b0: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-000236c0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n-000236d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000236e0: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 gfxterm_font, \n-000236f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Next: grub_cpu, \n-00023700: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 Prev: gfxpayloa\n-00023710: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n-00023720: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00023730: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 ables..15.1.14 g\n-00023740: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d fxterm_font.----\n-00023750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023760: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00023770: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n-00023780: 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 mes a font to us\n-00023790: 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 e for text on th\n-000237a0: 650a 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 e.'gfxterm' grap\n-000237b0: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 hical terminal. \n-000237c0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 2767 6678 Otherwise, 'gfx\n-000237d0: 7465 726d 2720 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e term' may use an\n-000237e0: 790a 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 y.available font\n-000237f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00023800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 info, Node: gru\n-00023810: 625f 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 b_cpu, Next: gr\n-00023820: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 ub_platform, Pr\n-00023830: 6576 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 ev: gfxterm_font\n-00023840: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00023850: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00023860: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 bles..15.1.15 gr\n-00023870: 7562 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub_cpu.---------\n-00023880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d -------..In norm\n-00023890: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n-000238a0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 ormal::), GRUB s\n-000238b0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 625f 6370 ets the 'grub_cp\n-000238c0: 7527 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 u' variable to.t\n-000238d0: 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 he CPU type for \n-000238e0: 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 which GRUB was b\n-000238f0: 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 2769 3338 uilt (e.g. 'i38\n-00023900: 3627 206f 7220 2770 6f77 6572 7063 2729 6' or 'powerpc')\n-00023910: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00023920: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 info, Node: gru\n-00023930: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 b_platform, Nex\n-00023940: 743a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 t: icondir, Pre\n-00023950: 763a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 v: grub_cpu, Up\n-00023960: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00023970: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00023980: 0a31 352e 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c .15.1.16 grub_pl\n-00023990: 6174 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atform.---------\n-000239a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e ------------..In\n-000239b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e normal mode (*n\n-000239c0: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 ote normal::), G\n-000239d0: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2027 6772 RUB sets the 'gr\n-000239e0: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 2076 6172 ub_platform' var\n-000239f0: 6961 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 iable.to the pla\n-00023a00: 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 tform for which \n-00023a10: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 GRUB was built (\n-00023a20: 652e 672e 2020 2770 6327 206f 7220 2765 e.g. 'pc' or 'e\n-00023a30: 6669 2729 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 fi').....File: g\n-00023a40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023a50: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a icondir, Next:\n-00023a60: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 lang, Prev: gr\n-00023a70: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 ub_platform, Up\n-00023a80: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00023a90: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00023aa0: 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 .15.1.17 icondir\n-00023ab0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00023ac0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00023ad0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n-00023ae0: 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 mes a directory \n-00023af0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 in which the GRU\n-00023b00: 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 B.graphical menu\n-00023b10: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 should look for\n-00023b20: 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c 6f6f icons after loo\n-00023b30: 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d king in the them\n-00023b40: 6527 730a 2769 636f 6e73 2720 6469 7265 e's.'icons' dire\n-00023b50: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 ctory. *Note Th\n-00023b60: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n-00023b70: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00023b80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 .info, Node: la\n-00023b90: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c ng, Next: local\n-00023ba0: 655f 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 e_dir, Prev: ic\n-00023bb0: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ondir, Up: Spec\n-00023bc0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00023bd0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00023be0: 3138 206c 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 18 lang.--------\n-00023bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00023c00: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00023c10: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 t names the lang\n-00023c20: 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 uage code that t\n-00023c30: 6865 2027 6765 7474 6578 7427 0a63 6f6d he 'gettext'.com\n-00023c40: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 mand (*note gett\n-00023c50: 6578 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 ext::) uses to t\n-00023c60: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 ranslate strings\n-00023c70: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-00023c80: 4672 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 French would be \n-00023c90: 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 2027 6672 272c 2061 named as 'fr', a\n-00023ca0: 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 nd Simplified Ch\n-00023cb0: 696e 6573 6520 6173 2027 7a68 5f43 4e27 inese as 'zh_CN'\n-00023cc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ... 'grub-mkco\n-00023cd0: 6e66 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d nfig' (*note Sim\n-00023ce0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-00023cf0: 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f n::) will try to\n-00023d00: 2073 6574 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c set a.reasonabl\n-00023d10: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 e default for th\n-00023d20: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 is variable base\n-00023d30: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 d on the system \n-00023d40: 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a locale.....File:\n-00023d50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00023d60: 653a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 e: locale_dir, \n-00023d70: 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 Next: menu_color\n-00023d80: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 _highlight, Pre\n-00023d90: 763a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 v: lang, Up: Sp\n-00023da0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00023db0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00023dc0: 312e 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 1.19 locale_dir.\n+00021c60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+00021c70: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n+00021c80: 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 \"highlight\" for\n+00021c90: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n+00021ca0: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ground.terminal \n+00021cb0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 colors, separate\n+00021cc0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f d by a slash ('/\n+00021cd0: 2729 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 '). Setting thi\n+00021ce0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 s variable.chang\n+00021cf0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+00021d00: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+00021d10: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+00021d20: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 *note.color_nor\n+00021d30: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+00021d40: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2762 6c61 636b efault is 'black\n+00021d50: 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 7927 2e0a 0a1f /light-gray'....\n+00021d60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00021d70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Node: color_n\n+00021d80: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f ormal, Next: co\n+00021d90: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n+00021da0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 Prev: color_hig\n+00021db0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 hlight, Up: Spe\n+00021dc0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00021dd0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00021de0: 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a .6 color_normal.\n+00021df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00021e00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+00021e10: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n+00021e20: 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f \"normal\" foregro\n+00021e30: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00021e40: 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f nd terminal.colo\n+00021e50: 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 rs, separated by\n+00021e60: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 a slash ('/'). \n+00021e70: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 Setting this va\n+00021e80: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n+00021e90: 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 hose.colors. Ea\n+00021ea0: 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 ch color must be\n+00021eb0: 2061 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 a name from the\n+00021ec0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a following list:\n+00021ed0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 .. * black. \n+00021ee0: 2a20 626c 7565 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 6565 * blue. * gree\n+00021ef0: 6e0a 2020 202a 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 202a n. * cyan. *\n+00021f00: 2072 6564 0a20 2020 2a20 6d61 6765 6e74 red. * magent\n+00021f10: 610a 2020 202a 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 a. * brown. \n+00021f20: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 * light-gray. \n+00021f30: 2a20 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 202a * dark-gray. *\n+00021f40: 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 202a light-blue. *\n+00021f50: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 light-green. \n+00021f60: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 2020 * light-cyan. \n+00021f70: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 202a * light-red. *\n+00021f80: 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 light-magenta. \n+00021f90: 2020 2a20 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 2a20 * yellow. * \n+00021fa0: 7768 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 white.. The de\n+00021fb0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2027 6c69 6768 742d fault is 'light-\n+00021fc0: 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b 272e 0a0a 2020 gray/black'... \n+00021fd0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f The color suppo\n+00021fe0: 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 rt support varie\n+00021ff0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 s from terminal \n+00022000: 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 to terminal... \n+00022010: 2027 6d6f 7273 6527 2068 6173 206e 6f20 'morse' has no \n+00022020: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6174 color support at\n+00022030: 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 276d 6461 5f74 all... 'mda_t\n+00022040: 6578 7427 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f ext' color suppo\n+00022050: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+00022060: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+00022070: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 black/white.rev\n+00022080: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2027 636f 6e73 ersal... 'cons\n+00022090: 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 ole' on ARC, EMU\n+000220a0: 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 2027 and IEEE1275, '\n+000220b0: 7365 7269 616c 5f2a 2720 616e 6420 2773 serial_*' and 's\n+000220c0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d27 2061 7265 0a67 6f76 pkmodem' are.gov\n+000220d0: 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 erned by terminf\n+000220e0: 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e o and support on\n+000220f0: 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 2069 ly 8 colors if i\n+00022100: 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 2776 7431 3030 2d63 n modes 'vt100-c\n+00022110: 6f6c 6f72 270a 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 olor'.(default f\n+00022120: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d or console on em\n+00022130: 7529 2c20 2761 7263 2720 2864 6566 6175 u), 'arc' (defau\n+00022140: 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f lt for console o\n+00022150: 6e20 4152 4329 2c0a 2769 6565 6531 3237 n ARC),.'ieee127\n+00022160: 3527 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 5' (default for \n+00022170: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 console on IEEE1\n+00022180: 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 275). When in m\n+00022190: 6f64 6520 2776 7431 3030 2720 7468 656e ode 'vt100' then\n+000221a0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f .the color suppo\n+000221b0: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+000221c0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+000221d0: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 6576 black/white rev\n+000221e0: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e 206d ersal..When in m\n+000221f0: 6f64 6520 2764 756d 6227 2074 6865 7265 ode 'dumb' there\n+00022200: 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 is no color sup\n+00022210: 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 port... When c\n+00022220: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 onsole supports \n+00022230: 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 no colors this s\n+00022240: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 etting is ignore\n+00022250: 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 d. When.console\n+00022260: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f supports 8 colo\n+00022270: 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c rs, then the col\n+00022280: 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 ors from the sec\n+00022290: 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a ond half of the.\n+000222a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 previous list ar\n+000222b0: 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e mapped to the \n+000222c0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 matching colors \n+000222d0: 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a of first half...\n+000222e0: 2020 2027 636f 6e73 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 'console' on \n+000222f0: 4546 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 EFI and BIOS and\n+00022300: 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 2720 7375 7070 'vga_text' supp\n+00022310: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort all 16 color\n+00022320: 732e 0a0a 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 s... 'gfxterm'\n+00022330: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 3136 supports all 16\n+00022340: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 756c colors and woul\n+00022350: 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 616c d be theoretical\n+00022360: 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 746f ly.extendable to\n+00022370: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 2072 support whole r\n+00022380: 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 7574 gb24 palette but\n+00022390: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 currently there\n+000223a0: 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c 696e is no.compellin\n+000223b0: 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f 2062 g reason to go b\n+000223c0: 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e eyond the curren\n+000223d0: 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a t 16 colors.....\n+000223e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000223f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 Node: config_d\n+00022400: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a irectory, Next:\n+00022410: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 config_file, P\n+00022420: 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 rev: color_norma\n+00022430: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n+00022440: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022450: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 636f ables..15.1.7 co\n+00022460: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a2d nfig_directory.-\n+00022470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00022480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00022490: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 iable is automat\n+000224a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 ically set by GR\n+000224b0: 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 UB to the direct\n+000224c0: 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 7272 ory part of.curr\n+000224d0: 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ent configuratio\n+000224e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f n file name (*no\n+000224f0: 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a te config_file::\n+00022500: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00022510: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00022520: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 nfig_file, Next\n+00022530: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : debug, Prev: \n+00022540: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n+00022550: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00022560: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00022570: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 6f6e bles..15.1.8 con\n+00022580: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fig_file.-------\n+00022590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+000225a0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 s variable is au\n+000225b0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 tomatically set \n+000225c0: 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 206e by GRUB to the n\n+000225d0: 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ame of configura\n+000225e0: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 2069 tion.file that i\n+000225f0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7365 s being processe\n+00022600: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2763 d by commands 'c\n+00022610: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 onfigfile' (*not\n+00022620: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 e.configfile::) \n+00022630: 6f72 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 282a 6e6f or 'normal' (*no\n+00022640: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 te normal::). I\n+00022650: 7420 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f t is restored to\n+00022660: 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 the.previous va\n+00022670: 6c75 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lue when command\n+00022680: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 completes.....F\n+00022690: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000226a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e Node: debug, N\n+000226b0: 6578 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 ext: default, P\n+000226c0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 rev: config_file\n+000226d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000226e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000226f0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 bles..15.1.9 deb\n+00022700: 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ug.------------.\n+00022710: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+00022720: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 ay be set to ena\n+00022730: 626c 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 ble debugging ou\n+00022740: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 tput from variou\n+00022750: 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 s.components of \n+00022760: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 GRUB. The value \n+00022770: 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 is a list of deb\n+00022780: 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ug facility name\n+00022790: 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 s.separated by w\n+000227a0: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 2027 2c27 hitespace or ','\n+000227b0: 2c20 6f72 2027 616c 6c27 2074 6f20 656e , or 'all' to en\n+000227c0: 6162 6c65 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 able all availab\n+000227d0: 6c65 0a64 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 le.debugging out\n+000227e0: 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 put. The facili\n+000227f0: 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 ty names are the\n+00022800: 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 first argument \n+00022810: 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e to.grub_dprintf.\n+00022820: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 736f 7572 6365 Consult source\n+00022830: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+00022840: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00022850: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n+00022860: 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 fault, Next: fa\n+00022870: 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 llback, Prev: d\n+00022880: 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ebug, Up: Speci\n+00022890: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000228a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+000228b0: 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 default.------\n+000228c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+000228d0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+000228e0: 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 et, it identifie\n+000228f0: 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 s a menu entry t\n+00022900: 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 hat should be.se\n+00022910: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c lected by defaul\n+00022920: 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 7465 t, possibly afte\n+00022930: 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f r a timeout (*no\n+00022940: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e 2020 te timeout::). \n+00022950: 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 6265 The.entry may be\n+00022960: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 206e identified by n\n+00022970: 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e 6720 umber (starting \n+00022980: 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 206c from 0 at each l\n+00022990: 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 6572 evel of the.hier\n+000229a0: 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 6c65 archy), by title\n+000229b0: 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 2020 , or by id... \n+000229c0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n+000229d0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 you have:..menue\n+000229e0: 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e ntry 'Example GN\n+000229f0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n+00022a00: 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e tion' --class gn\n+00022a10: 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 u-linux --id exa\n+00022a20: 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b mple-gnu-linux {\n+00022a30: 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 656e ......}.. then\n+00022a40: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n+00022a50: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n+00022a60: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 sing:.. defa\n+00022a70: 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ult=example-gnu-\n+00022a80: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 linux.. If the\n+00022a90: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 2073 entry is in a s\n+00022aa0: 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 ubmenu, then it \n+00022ab0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 must be identifi\n+00022ac0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e 756d ed using the.num\n+00022ad0: 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 ber, title, or i\n+00022ae0: 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 d of each of the\n+00022af0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 submenus starti\n+00022b00: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 700a ng from the top.\n+00022b10: 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 level, followed \n+00022b20: 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 by the number, t\n+00022b30: 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2074 itle, or id of t\n+00022b40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 he menu entry it\n+00022b50: 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 6820 self,.with each \n+00022b60: 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 7465 element separate\n+00022b70: 6420 6279 2027 3e27 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 d by '>'. For e\n+00022b80: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 xample, take the\n+00022b90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d 656e 7520 following.menu \n+00022ba0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 structure:.. \n+00022bb0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d 6964 2067 GNU/Hurd --id g\n+00022bc0: 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 2020 2053 nu-hurd. S\n+00022bd0: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 202d 2d69 tandard Boot --i\n+00022be0: 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 7464 0a20 d=gnu-hurd-std. \n+00022bf0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 2073 6865 Rescue she\n+00022c00: 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 ll --id=gnu-hurd\n+00022c10: 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 204f 7468 -rescue. Oth\n+00022c20: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 202d 2d69 er platforms --i\n+00022c30: 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 204d d=other. M\n+00022c40: 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 780a inix --id=minix.\n+00022c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n+00022c60: 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 3.4.0 --id=mini\n+00022c70: 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 x-3.4.0. \n+00022c80: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 202d Version 3.3.0 -\n+00022c90: 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e 300a -id=minix-3.3.0.\n+00022ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 7661 GRUB Inva\n+00022cb0: 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 2d69 ders --id=grub-i\n+00022cc0: 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 nvaders.. The \n+00022cd0: 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 7265 6c65 more recent rele\n+00022ce0: 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 2077 6f75 ase of Minix wou\n+00022cf0: 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 ld then be ident\n+00022d00: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2027 4f74 6865 720a ified as 'Other.\n+00022d10: 706c 6174 666f 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e platforms>Minix>\n+00022d20: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3027 2c20 Version 3.4.0', \n+00022d30: 6f72 2061 7320 2731 3e30 3e30 272c 206f or as '1>0>0', o\n+00022d40: 7220 6173 0a27 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 r as.'other>mini\n+00022d50: 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 3027 2e0a x>minix-3.4.0'..\n+00022d60: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n+00022d70: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n+00022d80: 7920 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 5427 y 'GRUB_DEFAULT'\n+00022d90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n+00022da0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00022db0: 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 'grub-set-defau\n+00022dc0: 6c74 272c 206f 7220 2767 7275 622d 7265 lt', or 'grub-re\n+00022dd0: 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot'.....File: \n+00022de0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022df0: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : fallback, Nex\n+00022e00: 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 t: gfxmode, Pre\n+00022e10: 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a v: default, Up:\n+00022e20: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022e30: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022e40: 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 15.1.11 fallback\n+00022e50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022e60: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00022e70: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 ble is set, it i\n+00022e80: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 dentifies a menu\n+00022e90: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 entry that shou\n+00022ea0: 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 ld be.selected i\n+00022eb0: 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 f the default me\n+00022ec0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 nu entry fails t\n+00022ed0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 o boot. Entries\n+00022ee0: 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 are.identified \n+00022ef0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 in the same way \n+00022f00: 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 as for 'default'\n+00022f10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a (*note default:\n+00022f20: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00022f30: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n+00022f40: 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 fxmode, Next: g\n+00022f50: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 fxpayload, Prev\n+00022f60: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a : fallback, Up:\n+00022f70: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022f80: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022f90: 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 15.1.12 gfxmode.\n+00022fa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00022fb0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00022fc0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 e is set, it set\n+00022fd0: 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e s the resolution\n+00022fe0: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2027 6766 used on the 'gf\n+00022ff0: 7874 6572 6d27 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c xterm'.graphical\n+00023000: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 terminal. Note\n+00023010: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e that you can on\n+00023020: 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 ly use modes whi\n+00023030: 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 6373 ch your.graphics\n+00023040: 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 card supports v\n+00023050: 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 ia VESA BIOS Ext\n+00023060: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 ensions (VBE), s\n+00023070: 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a 6e61 o for example.na\n+00023080: 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c 2072 tive LCD panel r\n+00023090: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e esolutions may n\n+000230a0: 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e ot be available.\n+000230b0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+000230c0: 0a27 6175 746f 272c 2077 6869 6368 2073 .'auto', which s\n+000230d0: 656c 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 elects a platfor\n+000230e0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 m-specific defau\n+000230f0: 6c74 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c lt that should l\n+00023100: 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 ook.reasonable. \n+00023110: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 Supported modes\n+00023120: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 can be listed b\n+00023130: 7920 2776 6964 656f 696e 666f 2720 636f y 'videoinfo' co\n+00023140: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a mmand in.GRUB...\n+00023150: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f The resolutio\n+00023160: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 n may be specifi\n+00023170: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 ed as a sequence\n+00023180: 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 of one or more \n+00023190: 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 modes,.separated\n+000231a0: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 272c 2729 by commas (',')\n+000231b0: 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 or semicolons (\n+000231c0: 273b 2729 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c 6c20 ';'); each will \n+000231d0: 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 726e be tried in.turn\n+000231e0: 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 666f until one is fo\n+000231f0: 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 6520 und. Each mode \n+00023200: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 should be either\n+00023210: 2027 6175 746f 272c 0a27 5749 4454 4878 'auto',.'WIDTHx\n+00023220: 4845 4947 4854 272c 206f 7220 2757 4944 HEIGHT', or 'WID\n+00023230: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 4827 THxHEIGHTxDEPTH'\n+00023240: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00023250: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n+00023260: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 payload, Next: \n+00023270: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 gfxterm_font, P\n+00023280: 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 rev: gfxmode, U\n+00023290: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000232a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000232b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 ..15.1.13 gfxpay\n+000232c0: 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d load.-----------\n+000232d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000232e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000232f0: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 , it controls th\n+00023300: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 e video mode in \n+00023310: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a which the Linux.\n+00023320: 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 kernel starts up\n+00023330: 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 , replacing the \n+00023340: 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 'vga=' boot opti\n+00023350: 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a on (*note linux:\n+00023360: 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 2073 :). It.may be s\n+00023370: 6574 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2074 6f20 et to 'text' to \n+00023380: 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 force the Linux \n+00023390: 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 kernel to boot i\n+000233a0: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f n normal text.mo\n+000233b0: 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 6f20 7072 de, 'keep' to pr\n+000233c0: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 eserve the graph\n+000233d0: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 ics mode set usi\n+000233e0: 6e67 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2c20 6f72 ng 'gfxmode', or\n+000233f0: 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d any.of the perm\n+00023400: 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 itted values for\n+00023410: 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2074 6f20 7365 'gfxmode' to se\n+00023420: 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2067 t a particular g\n+00023430: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e raphics mode.(*n\n+00023440: 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a ote gfxmode::)..\n+00023450: 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e . Depending on\n+00023460: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 796f your kernel, yo\n+00023470: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c ur distribution,\n+00023480: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n+00023490: 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 6861 ard, and.the pha\n+000234a0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n+000234b0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n+000234c0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n+000234d0: 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 780a cause GNU/Linux.\n+000234e0: 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 to suffer from v\n+000234f0: 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 arious display p\n+00023500: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 roblems, particu\n+00023510: 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 larly during the\n+00023520: 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early.part of t\n+00023530: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+00023540: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n+00023550: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 roblems, set thi\n+00023560: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 2774 s variable to.'t\n+00023570: 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 ext' and GRUB wi\n+00023580: 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f ll tell Linux to\n+00023590: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 boot in normal \n+000235a0: 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 text mode... T\n+000235b0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c he default is pl\n+000235c0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e atform-specific.\n+000235d0: 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 On platforms w\n+000235e0: 6974 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 ith a native tex\n+000235f0: 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 t.mode (such as \n+00023600: 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d PC BIOS platform\n+00023610: 7329 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 s), the default \n+00023620: 6973 2027 7465 7874 272e 2020 4f74 6865 is 'text'. Othe\n+00023630: 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c rwise the.defaul\n+00023640: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2027 6175 746f 2720 t may be 'auto' \n+00023650: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 or a specific vi\n+00023660: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 deo mode... Th\n+00023670: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n+00023680: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 ften set by 'GRU\n+00023690: 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e B_GFXPAYLOAD_LIN\n+000236a0: 5558 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c UX' (*note Simpl\n+000236b0: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+000236c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000236d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n+000236e0: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 fxterm_font, Ne\n+000236f0: 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 xt: grub_cpu, P\n+00023700: 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c rev: gfxpayload,\n+00023710: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023720: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023730: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 6678 les..15.1.14 gfx\n+00023740: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d term_font.------\n+00023750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023760: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023770: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n+00023780: 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 s a font to use \n+00023790: 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 650a for text on the.\n+000237a0: 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 6869 'gfxterm' graphi\n+000237b0: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f cal terminal. O\n+000237c0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 2767 6678 7465 therwise, 'gfxte\n+000237d0: 726d 2720 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a rm' may use any.\n+000237e0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a available font..\n+000237f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00023800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n+00023810: 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 cpu, Next: grub\n+00023820: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 _platform, Prev\n+00023830: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n+00023840: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00023850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00023860: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 es..15.1.15 grub\n+00023870: 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cpu.-----------\n+00023880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n+00023890: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n+000238a0: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n+000238b0: 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 625f 6370 7527 s the 'grub_cpu'\n+000238c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 variable to.the\n+000238d0: 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 CPU type for wh\n+000238e0: 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 ich GRUB was bui\n+000238f0: 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 2769 3338 3627 lt (e.g. 'i386'\n+00023900: 206f 7220 2770 6f77 6572 7063 2729 2e0a or 'powerpc')..\n+00023910: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00023920: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n+00023930: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a platform, Next:\n+00023940: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a icondir, Prev:\n+00023950: 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 grub_cpu, Up: \n+00023960: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023970: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023980: 352e 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 5.1.16 grub_plat\n+00023990: 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d form.-----------\n+000239a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e ----------..In n\n+000239b0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n+000239c0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 e normal::), GRU\n+000239d0: 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 B sets the 'grub\n+000239e0: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 2076 6172 6961 _platform' varia\n+000239f0: 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 ble.to the platf\n+00023a00: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 orm for which GR\n+00023a10: 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e UB was built (e.\n+00023a20: 672e 2020 2770 6327 206f 7220 2765 6669 g. 'pc' or 'efi\n+00023a30: 2729 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ').....File: gru\n+00023a40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 b.info, Node: i\n+00023a50: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c condir, Next: l\n+00023a60: 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 ang, Prev: grub\n+00023a70: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 _platform, Up: \n+00023a80: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023a90: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023aa0: 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 5.1.17 icondir.-\n+00023ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023ac0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023ad0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n+00023ae0: 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 696e s a directory in\n+00023af0: 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a which the GRUB.\n+00023b00: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 graphical menu s\n+00023b10: 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 hould look for i\n+00023b20: 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 cons after looki\n+00023b30: 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d 6527 ng in the theme'\n+00023b40: 730a 2769 636f 6e73 2720 6469 7265 6374 s.'icons' direct\n+00023b50: 6f72 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d ory. *Note Them\n+00023b60: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e e file format::.\n+00023b70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00023b80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 nfo, Node: lang\n+00023b90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f , Next: locale_\n+00023ba0: 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e dir, Prev: icon\n+00023bb0: 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 dir, Up: Specia\n+00023bc0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023bd0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 riables..15.1.18\n+00023be0: 206c 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lang.----------\n+00023bf0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00023c00: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00023c10: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 names the langua\n+00023c20: 6765 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ge code that the\n+00023c30: 2027 6765 7474 6578 7427 0a63 6f6d 6d61 'gettext'.comma\n+00023c40: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 nd (*note gettex\n+00023c50: 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 t::) uses to tra\n+00023c60: 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 nslate strings. \n+00023c70: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 For example,.Fr\n+00023c80: 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 ench would be na\n+00023c90: 6d65 6420 6173 2027 6672 272c 2061 6e64 med as 'fr', and\n+00023ca0: 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e Simplified Chin\n+00023cb0: 6573 6520 6173 2027 7a68 5f43 4e27 2e0a ese as 'zh_CN'..\n+00023cc0: 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 . 'grub-mkconf\n+00023cd0: 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ig' (*note Simpl\n+00023ce0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+00023cf0: 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 :) will try to s\n+00023d00: 6574 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 et a.reasonable \n+00023d10: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 default for this\n+00023d20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 variable based \n+00023d30: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f on the system lo\n+00023d40: 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 cale.....File: g\n+00023d50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00023d60: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 locale_dir, Ne\n+00023d70: 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 xt: menu_color_h\n+00023d80: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a ighlight, Prev:\n+00023d90: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lang, Up: Spec\n+00023da0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00023db0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00023dc0: 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 19 locale_dir.--\n 00023dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023de0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-00023df0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-00023e00: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 names the direct\n-00023e10: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c ory where transl\n-00023e20: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 ation files.may \n-00023e30: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 be found (*note \n-00023e40: 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 gettext::), usua\n-00023e50: 6c6c 7920 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f lly '/boot/grub/\n-00023e60: 6c6f 6361 6c65 272e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 locale'. Otherw\n-00023e70: 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ise,.internation\n-00023e80: 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 alization is dis\n-00023e90: 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 abled... 'grub\n-00023ea0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 -mkconfig' (*not\n-00023eb0: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n-00023ec0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 ration::) will s\n-00023ed0: 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a et a reasonable.\n-00023ee0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 default for this\n-00023ef0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 variable if int\n-00023f00: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f ernationalizatio\n-00023f10: 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 n is needed and \n-00023f20: 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 any.translation \n-00023f30: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 files are availa\n-00023f40: 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ble.....File: gr\n-00023f50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00023f60: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n-00023f70: 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e ight, Next: men\n-00023f80: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 u_color_normal, \n-00023f90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Prev: locale_di\n-00023fa0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00023fb0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00023fc0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206d ables..15.1.20 m\n-00023fd0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n-00023fe0: 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ght.------------\n-00023ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024000: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00024010: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 contains the for\n-00024020: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n-00024030: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f ground colors to\n-00024040: 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 be used.for the\n-00024050: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e highlighted men\n-00024060: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 u entry, separat\n-00024070: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 2827 ed by a slash ('\n-00024080: 2f27 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 /'). Setting.th\n-00024090: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n-000240a0: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those colors\n-000240b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c . For the avail\n-000240c0: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 able color names\n-000240d0: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f ,.*note color_no\n-000240e0: 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rmal::... The \n-000240f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 default is the v\n-00024100: 616c 7565 206f 6620 2763 6f6c 6f72 5f68 alue of 'color_h\n-00024110: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 ighlight' (*note\n-00024120: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 .color_highlight\n-00024130: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00024140: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024150: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00024160: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 l, Next: net__boot_f\n-00024180: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 ile, Prev: menu\n-00024190: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-000241a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000241b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000241c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 bles..15.1.21 me\n-000241d0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a nu_color_normal.\n+00023de0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00023df0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+00023e00: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 mes the director\n+00023e10: 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 y where translat\n+00023e20: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 ion files.may be\n+00023e30: 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 found (*note ge\n+00023e40: 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c ttext::), usuall\n+00023e50: 7920 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f y '/boot/grub/lo\n+00023e60: 6361 6c65 272e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 cale'. Otherwis\n+00023e70: 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e,.international\n+00023e80: 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 ization is disab\n+00023e90: 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d led... 'grub-m\n+00023ea0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 kconfig' (*note \n+00023eb0: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00023ec0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 tion::) will set\n+00023ed0: 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a 6465 a reasonable.de\n+00023ee0: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 fault for this v\n+00023ef0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 6572 ariable if inter\n+00023f00: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 nationalization \n+00023f10: 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 616e is needed and an\n+00023f20: 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 y.translation fi\n+00023f30: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c les are availabl\n+00023f40: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00023f50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n+00023f60: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+00023f70: 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f ht, Next: menu_\n+00023f80: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 color_normal, P\n+00023f90: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c rev: locale_dir,\n+00023fa0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023fb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023fc0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206d 656e les..15.1.20 men\n+00023fd0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+00023fe0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00023ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00024000: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00024010: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 ntains the foreg\n+00024020: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n+00024030: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 ound colors to b\n+00024040: 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 e used.for the h\n+00024050: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 ighlighted menu \n+00024060: 656e 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 entry, separated\n+00024070: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 2827 2f27 by a slash ('/'\n+00024080: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 ). Setting.this\n+00024090: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n+000240a0: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n+000240b0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n+000240c0: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a le color names,.\n+000240d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n+000240e0: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n+000240f0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c fault is the val\n+00024100: 7565 206f 6620 2763 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 ue of 'color_hig\n+00024110: 686c 6967 6874 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 hlight' (*note.c\n+00024120: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a olor_highlight::\n+00024130: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n+00024150: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n+00024160: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__boot_fil\n+00024180: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 e, Prev: menu_c\n+00024190: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n+000241a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000241b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000241c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 es..15.1.21 menu\n+000241d0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d _color_normal.--\n 000241e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000241f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00024200: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00024210: 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 s the foreground\n-00024220: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00024230: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 colors to be use\n-00024240: 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 d.for non-highli\n-00024250: 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ghted menu entri\n-00024260: 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 es, separated by\n-00024270: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 a slash ('/'). \n-00024280: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 Setting.this va\n-00024290: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n-000242a0: 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f hose colors. Fo\n-000242b0: 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 r the available \n-000242c0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f color names,.*no\n-000242d0: 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te color_normal:\n-000242e0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 :... The defau\n-000242f0: 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 lt is the value \n-00024300: 6f66 2027 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c of 'color_normal\n-00024310: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e ' (*note color_n\n-00024320: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormal::).....Fil\n-00024330: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024340: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__boot_file, \n-00024360: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__dhcp_serv\n-00024380: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 er_name, Prev: \n-00024390: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-000243a0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n-000243b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000243c0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206e ables..15.1.22 n\n-000243d0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-000243e0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot_file.-------\n+000241f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00024200: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00024210: 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 the foreground a\n+00024220: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f nd background co\n+00024230: 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a lors to be used.\n+00024240: 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 for non-highligh\n+00024250: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ted menu entries\n+00024260: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n+00024270: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 2053 slash ('/'). S\n+00024280: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting.this vari\n+00024290: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n+000242a0: 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 se colors. For \n+000242b0: 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f the available co\n+000242c0: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 lor names,.*note\n+000242d0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e color_normal::.\n+000242e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n+000242f0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 is the value of\n+00024300: 2027 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 'color_normal' \n+00024310: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 (*note color_nor\n+00024320: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mal::).....File:\n+00024330: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024340: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__boot_file, N\n+00024360: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__dhcp_server\n+00024380: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 _name, Prev: me\n+00024390: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n+000243a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000243b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000243c0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206e 6574 les..15.1.22 net\n+000243d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+000243e0: 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_file.---------\n 000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00024410: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00024420: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00024430: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__dhcp_ser\n-00024450: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a ver_name, Next:\n-00024460: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00024470: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _domain, Prev: \n-00024480: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00024490: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 boot_file, Up: \n-000244a0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000244b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000244c0: 352e 312e 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.23 net__dhcp_serv\n-000244e0: 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er_name.--------\n+00024400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00024410: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00024420: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024430: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__dhcp_serve\n+00024450: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e r_name, Next: n\n+00024460: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00024470: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 omain, Prev: ne\n+00024480: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00024490: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ot_file, Up: Sp\n+000244a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000244b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000244c0: 312e 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.23 net__dhcp_server\n+000244e0: 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _name.----------\n 000244f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024510: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00024520: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00024530: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00024540: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00024550: 6d61 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 main, Next: net\n-00024560: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-00024570: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 ensionspath, Pr\n-00024580: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__dhcp_server_\n-000245a0: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 name, Up: Speci\n-000245b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000245c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-000245d0: 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 4 net__domain.-------\n+00024500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00024510: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00024520: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024530: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00024540: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n+00024550: 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c in, Next: net_<\n+00024560: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+00024570: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 sionspath, Prev\n+00024580: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n+000245a0: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n+000245b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000245c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 iables..15.1.24 \n+000245d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000245e0: 646f 6d61 696e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d domain.---------\n 000245f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00024610: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00024620: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024630: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__extensionsp\n-00024650: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-00024660: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-00024670: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 name, Prev: net\n-00024680: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00024690: 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ain, Up: Specia\n-000246a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000246b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 riables..15.1.25\n-000246c0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000246d0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a _extensionspath.\n+00024600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00024610: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00024620: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024630: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__extensionspat\n+00024650: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 h, Next: net__hostna\n+00024670: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Prev: net_<\n+00024680: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n+00024690: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 n, Up: Special \n+000246a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000246b0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e ables..15.1.25 n\n+000246c0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n+000246d0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d xtensionspath.--\n 000246e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000246f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00024710: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00024720: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024730: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__hostname, N\n-00024750: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__ip, Prev: \n-00024770: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00024780: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n-00024790: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000247a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000247b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f es..15.1.26 net_\n-000247c0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-000247d0: 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d name.-----------\n+00024700: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00024710: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00024720: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024730: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__hostname, Nex\n+00024750: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__ip, Prev: ne\n+00024770: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+00024780: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 tensionspath, U\n+00024790: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000247a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000247b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.26 net__hostna\n+000247d0: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n 000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000247f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00024800: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00024810: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00024820: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__ip, Next: ne\n-00024840: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-00024850: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Prev: net__hostna\n-00024870: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n-00024880: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00024890: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 iables..15.1.27 \n-000248a0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000248b0: 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ip.-------------\n-000248c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000248d0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000248e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000248f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00024900: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n-00024910: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__next_serv\n-00024930: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c er, Prev: net_<\n-00024940: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c 2020 INTERFACE>_ip, \n-00024950: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00024960: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00024970: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.28 net_<\n-00024980: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 0a2d INTERFACE>_mac.-\n+000247f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00024800: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00024810: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024820: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00024830: 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Next: net_\n+00024840: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n+00024850: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__hostname\n+00024870: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024880: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024890: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 bles..15.1.27 ne\n+000248a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+000248b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000248c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+000248d0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+000248e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000248f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__mac, N\n+00024910: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__next_server\n+00024930: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__ip, Up\n+00024950: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00024960: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00024970: 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.28 net__mac.---\n 00024990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000249a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-000249b0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-000249c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000249d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__next_ser\n-000249f0: 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Next: net_\n-00024a00: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00024a10: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 path, Prev: net\n-00024a20: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-00024a30: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024a40: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024a50: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 bles..15.1.29 ne\n-00024a60: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-00024a70: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xt_server.------\n+000249a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+000249b0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+000249c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000249d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__next_serve\n+000249f0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 r, Next: net__rootpa\n+00024a10: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Prev: net_<\n+00024a20: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n+00024a30: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00024a40: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00024a50: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f es..15.1.29 net_\n+00024a60: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+00024a70: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n 00024a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00024aa0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00024ab0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00024ac0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-00024ad0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-00024ae0: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-00024af0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-00024b00: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__next_s\n-00024b20: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n-00024b30: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024b40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024b50: 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 30 net__rootpath.----\n+00024a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00024aa0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00024ab0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024ac0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__rootpat\n+00024ae0: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 h, Next: net_de\n+00024af0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n+00024b00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__next_ser\n+00024b20: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00024b30: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00024b40: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 riables..15.1.30\n+00024b50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00024b60: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _rootpath.------\n 00024b70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00024b90: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00024ba0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024bb0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-00024bc0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n-00024bd0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-00024be0: 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ult_ip, Prev: n\n-00024bf0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n-00024c00: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ootpath, Up: Sp\n-00024c10: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024c20: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024c30: 312e 3331 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.31 net_default\n-00024c40: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _interface.-----\n+00024b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00024b90: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00024ba0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024bb0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+00024bc0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+00024bd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+00024be0: 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 t_ip, Prev: net\n+00024bf0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n+00024c00: 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tpath, Up: Spec\n+00024c10: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024c20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024c30: 3331 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 31 net_default_i\n+00024c40: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nterface.-------\n 00024c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00024c70: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00024c80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024c90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-00024ca0: 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 t_ip, Next: net\n-00024cb0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 _default_mac, P\n-00024cc0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n-00024cd0: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a _interface, Up:\n-00024ce0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024cf0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00024d00: 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.32 net_defa\n-00024d10: 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_ip.---------\n-00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00024d30: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00024d40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00024d50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00024d60: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 efault_mac, Nex\n-00024d70: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 t: net_default_s\n-00024d80: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n-00024d90: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 t_default_ip, U\n-00024da0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024db0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024dc0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.33 net_de\n-00024dd0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fault_mac.------\n-00024de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024df0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00024e00: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00024e10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00024e20: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-00024e30: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c r, Next: pager,\n-00024e40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n-00024e50: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ult_mac, Up: Sp\n-00024e60: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024e70: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024e80: 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.34 net_default\n-00024e90: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n+00024c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00024c70: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00024c80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024c90: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+00024ca0: 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ip, Next: net_d\n+00024cb0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 efault_mac, Pre\n+00024cc0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 v: net_default_i\n+00024cd0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 nterface, Up: S\n+00024ce0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024cf0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024d00: 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.32 net_defaul\n+00024d10: 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ip.-----------\n+00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00024d30: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00024d40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024d50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n+00024d60: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a ault_mac, Next:\n+00024d70: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00024d80: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Prev: net_\n+00024d90: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a default_ip, Up:\n+00024da0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00024db0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00024dc0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.33 net_defa\n+00024dd0: 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_mac.--------\n+00024de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00024df0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00024e00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00024e10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00024e20: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00024e30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Next: pager, \n+00024e40: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n+00024e50: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 t_mac, Up: Spec\n+00024e60: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024e70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024e80: 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 34 net_default_s\n+00024e90: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n 00024ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024eb0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00024ec0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00024ed0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024ee0: 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 pager, Next: pr\n-00024ef0: 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 efix, Prev: net\n-00024f00: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00024f10: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00024f20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00024f30: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 2070 6167 les..15.1.35 pag\n-00024f40: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00024f50: 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2731 272c ..If set to '1',\n-00024f60: 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 pause output af\n-00024f70: 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 ter each screenf\n-00024f80: 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 ul and wait for \n-00024f90: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 keyboard.input. \n-00024fa0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-00024fb0: 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 not to pause out\n-00024fc0: 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 put.....File: gr\n-00024fd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024fe0: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 prefix, Next: p\n-00024ff0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 xe_blksize, Pre\n-00025000: 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: pager, Up: S\n-00025010: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025020: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025030: 2e31 2e33 3620 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d .1.36 prefix.---\n-00025040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-00025050: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n-00025060: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2720 6469 '/boot/grub' di\n-00025070: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 rectory as an ab\n-00025080: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n-00025090: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d .(*note File nam\n-000250a0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n-000250b0: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 is is normally s\n-000250c0: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n-000250d0: 6172 7475 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 artup.based on i\n-000250e0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 nformation provi\n-000250f0: 6465 6420 6279 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 ded by 'grub-ins\n-00025100: 7461 6c6c 272e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 tall'. GRUB mod\n-00025110: 756c 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 ules are.dynamic\n-00025120: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d ally loaded from\n-00025130: 2074 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c this directory,\n-00025140: 2073 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 so it must be s\n-00025150: 6574 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a et correctly in.\n-00025160: 6f72 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 order for many p\n-00025170: 6172 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 arts of GRUB to \n-00025180: 776f 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 work.....File: g\n-00025190: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000251a0: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e pxe_blksize, N\n-000251b0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: pxe_default\n-000251c0: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a _gateway, Prev:\n-000251d0: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 prefix, Up: Sp\n-000251e0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000251f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025200: 312e 3337 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 1.37 pxe_blksize\n-00025210: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00025220: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00025230: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00025240: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025250: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 : pxe_default_ga\n-00025260: 7465 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 teway, Next: px\n-00025270: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n-00025280: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b , Prev: pxe_blk\n-00025290: 7369 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 size, Up: Speci\n-000252a0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000252b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-000252c0: 3820 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 8 pxe_default_ga\n-000252d0: 7465 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d teway.----------\n-000252e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000252f0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025300: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025310: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00025320: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00025330: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 r, Next: root, \n-00025340: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: pxe_defau\n-00025350: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a lt_gateway, Up:\n-00025360: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025370: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025380: 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7078 655f 6465 6661 15.1.39 pxe_defa\n-00025390: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_server.-----\n+00024eb0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00024ec0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00024ed0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n+00024ee0: 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 ger, Next: pref\n+00024ef0: 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 ix, Prev: net_d\n+00024f00: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00024f10: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00024f20: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00024f30: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 2070 6167 6572 s..15.1.35 pager\n+00024f40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+00024f50: 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2731 272c 2070 If set to '1', p\n+00024f60: 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 7465 ause output afte\n+00024f70: 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 756c r each screenful\n+00024f80: 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 6b65 and wait for ke\n+00024f90: 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 yboard.input. T\n+00024fa0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f he default is no\n+00024fb0: 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 t to pause outpu\n+00024fc0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00024fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .info, Node: pr\n+00024fe0: 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 efix, Next: pxe\n+00024ff0: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a _blksize, Prev:\n+00025000: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 pager, Up: Spe\n+00025010: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025020: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025030: 2e33 3620 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .36 prefix.-----\n+00025040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c ---------..The l\n+00025050: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2027 ocation of the '\n+00025060: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2720 6469 7265 /boot/grub' dire\n+00025070: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f ctory as an abso\n+00025080: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 lute file name.(\n+00025090: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+000250a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 syntax::). This\n+000250b0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 is normally set\n+000250c0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 by GRUB at star\n+000250d0: 7475 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 tup.based on inf\n+000250e0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 ormation provide\n+000250f0: 6420 6279 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 d by 'grub-insta\n+00025100: 6c6c 272e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c ll'. GRUB modul\n+00025110: 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c es are.dynamical\n+00025120: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 ly loaded from t\n+00025130: 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 his directory, s\n+00025140: 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 o it must be set\n+00025150: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 correctly in.or\n+00025160: 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 der for many par\n+00025170: 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f ts of GRUB to wo\n+00025180: 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rk.....File: gru\n+00025190: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+000251a0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 xe_blksize, Nex\n+000251b0: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 t: pxe_default_g\n+000251c0: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 ateway, Prev: p\n+000251d0: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 refix, Up: Spec\n+000251e0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000251f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025200: 3337 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 37 pxe_blksize.-\n+00025210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025220: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00025230: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00025240: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025250: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00025260: 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f way, Next: pxe_\n+00025270: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+00025280: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 Prev: pxe_blksi\n+00025290: 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ze, Up: Special\n+000252a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000252b0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 iables..15.1.38 \n+000252c0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+000252d0: 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d way.------------\n+000252e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000252f0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025300: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025310: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n+00025320: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00025330: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: root, P\n+00025340: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n+00025350: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 _gateway, Up: S\n+00025360: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025370: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025380: 2e31 2e33 3920 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c .1.39 pxe_defaul\n+00025390: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n 000253a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000253b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-000253c0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-000253d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000253e0: 653a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: root, Next: \n-000253f0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 superusers, Pre\n-00025400: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 v: pxe_default_s\n-00025410: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n-00025420: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025430: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025440: 3430 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 40 root.--------\n-00025450: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ----..The root d\n-00025460: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 evice name (*not\n-00025470: 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a e Device syntax:\n-00025480: 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 :). Any file na\n-00025490: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 mes that do.not \n-000254a0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 specify an expli\n-000254b0: 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 cit device name \n-000254c0: 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 are read from th\n-000254d0: 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a is device. The.\n-000254e0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 default is norma\n-000254f0: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n-00025500: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 at startup based\n-00025510: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 on the value of\n-00025520: 0a27 7072 6566 6978 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 .'prefix' (*note\n-00025530: 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 prefix::)... \n-00025540: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n-00025550: 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c GRUB was install\n-00025560: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-00025570: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-00025580: 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b .first hard disk\n-00025590: 2c20 7468 656e 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 , then 'prefix' \n-000255a0: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 might be set to \n-000255b0: 2728 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f '(hd0,msdos1)/bo\n-000255c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 0a61 6e64 2027 726f ot/grub'.and 'ro\n-000255d0: 6f74 2720 746f 2027 6864 302c 6d73 646f ot' to 'hd0,msdo\n-000255e0: 7331 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s1'.....File: gr\n-000255f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025600: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 superusers, Nex\n-00025610: 743a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: theme, Prev:\n-00025620: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 root, Up: Spec\n-00025630: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025640: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025650: 3431 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 41 superusers.--\n-00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025670: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00025680: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 may be set to a \n-00025690: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 list of superuse\n-000256a0: 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c r names to enabl\n-000256b0: 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e.authentication\n-000256c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 support. *Note\n-000256d0: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n-000256e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000256f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Node: theme, \n-00025700: 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 Next: timeout, \n-00025710: 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Prev: superusers\n-00025720: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025730: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025740: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7468 bles..15.1.42 th\n-00025750: 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eme.------------\n-00025760: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00025770: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n-00025780: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n-00025790: 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 ining a GRUB gra\n-000257a0: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d phical menu.them\n-000257b0: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 e. *Note Theme \n-000257c0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a file format::...\n-000257d0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n-000257e0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n-000257f0: 2027 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 2720 282a 'GRUB_THEME' (*\n-00025800: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n-00025810: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n-00025820: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025830: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Node: timeout\n-00025840: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Next: timeout\n-00025850: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _style, Prev: t\n-00025860: 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 heme, Up: Speci\n-00025870: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025880: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-00025890: 3320 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 timeout.------\n-000258a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-000258b0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000258c0: 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 et, it specifies\n-000258d0: 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 the time in sec\n-000258e0: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 onds to wait for\n-000258f0: 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 .keyboard input \n-00025900: 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 before booting t\n-00025910: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-00025920: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 entry. A timeou\n-00025930: 7420 6f66 2027 3027 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 t of '0'.means t\n-00025940: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 o boot the defau\n-00025950: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 lt entry immedia\n-00025960: 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 tely without dis\n-00025970: 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 playing the menu\n-00025980: 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 2027 ;.a timeout of '\n-00025990: 2d31 2720 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d -1' (or unset) m\n-000259a0: 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 eans to wait ind\n-000259b0: 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 efinitely... I\n-000259c0: 6620 2774 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 f 'timeout_style\n-000259d0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 ' (*note timeout\n-000259e0: 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 _style::) is set\n-000259f0: 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 to 'countdown' \n-00025a00: 6f72 0a27 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 or.'hidden', the\n-00025a10: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n-00025a20: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n-00025a30: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n-00025a40: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 isplayed... Th\n-00025a50: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n-00025a60: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 ften set by 'GRU\n-00025a70: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2028 2a6e 6f74 B_TIMEOUT' (*not\n-00025a80: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00025a90: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ration::).....Fi\n-00025aa0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025ab0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 Node: timeout_st\n-00025ac0: 796c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 yle, Prev: time\n-00025ad0: 6f75 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 out, Up: Specia\n-00025ae0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025af0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 riables..15.1.44\n-00025b00: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d timeout_style.-\n+000253b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+000253c0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+000253d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000253e0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 root, Next: su\n+000253f0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a perusers, Prev:\n+00025400: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00025410: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00025420: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025430: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 riables..15.1.40\n+00025440: 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.----------\n+00025450: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 --..The root dev\n+00025460: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ice name (*note \n+00025470: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+00025480: 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 . Any file name\n+00025490: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 s that do.not sp\n+000254a0: 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 ecify an explici\n+000254b0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 t device name ar\n+000254c0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 e read from this\n+000254d0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 device. The.de\n+000254e0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c fault is normall\n+000254f0: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n+00025500: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f startup based o\n+00025510: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a27 n the value of.'\n+00025520: 7072 6566 6978 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 prefix' (*note p\n+00025530: 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f refix::)... Fo\n+00025540: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 r example, if GR\n+00025550: 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 UB was installed\n+00025560: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 to the first pa\n+00025570: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 rtition of the.f\n+00025580: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 irst hard disk, \n+00025590: 7468 656e 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 6d69 then 'prefix' mi\n+000255a0: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2728 ght be set to '(\n+000255b0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 hd0,msdos1)/boot\n+000255c0: 2f67 7275 6227 0a61 6e64 2027 726f 6f74 /grub'.and 'root\n+000255d0: 2720 746f 2027 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 ' to 'hd0,msdos1\n+000255e0: 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 '.....File: grub\n+000255f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n+00025600: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a perusers, Next:\n+00025610: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 theme, Prev: r\n+00025620: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 oot, Up: Specia\n+00025630: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025640: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 riables..15.1.41\n+00025650: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d superusers.----\n+00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025670: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+00025680: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 y be set to a li\n+00025690: 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 st of superuser \n+000256a0: 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a names to enable.\n+000256b0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 authentication s\n+000256c0: 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 upport. *Note S\n+000256d0: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n+000256e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000256f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 Node: theme, Ne\n+00025700: 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 xt: timeout, Pr\n+00025710: 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 ev: superusers, \n+00025720: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025730: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025740: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7468 656d es..15.1.42 them\n+00025750: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n+00025760: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+00025770: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 ay be set to a d\n+00025780: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n+00025790: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ing a GRUB graph\n+000257a0: 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e ical menu.theme.\n+000257b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n+000257c0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 le format::... \n+000257d0: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n+000257e0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 2027 s often set by '\n+000257f0: 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 2720 282a 6e6f GRUB_THEME' (*no\n+00025800: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+00025810: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00025820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025830: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Node: timeout, \n+00025840: 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Next: timeout_s\n+00025850: 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 tyle, Prev: the\n+00025860: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n+00025870: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025880: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 iables..15.1.43 \n+00025890: 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d timeout.--------\n+000258a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000258b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000258c0: 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 , it specifies t\n+000258d0: 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e he time in secon\n+000258e0: 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b ds to wait for.k\n+000258f0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 eyboard input be\n+00025900: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n+00025910: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+00025920: 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 try. A timeout \n+00025930: 6f66 2027 3027 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 of '0'.means to \n+00025940: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+00025950: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 entry immediate\n+00025960: 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c ly without displ\n+00025970: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a aying the menu;.\n+00025980: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 2027 2d31 a timeout of '-1\n+00025990: 2720 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 ' (or unset) mea\n+000259a0: 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 ns to wait indef\n+000259b0: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 initely... If \n+000259c0: 2774 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2720 'timeout_style' \n+000259d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 (*note timeout_s\n+000259e0: 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 tyle::) is set t\n+000259f0: 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 o 'countdown' or\n+00025a00: 0a27 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 2074 .'hidden', the t\n+00025a10: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+00025a20: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+00025a30: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+00025a40: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 played... This\n+00025a50: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+00025a60: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 425f en set by 'GRUB_\n+00025a70: 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 TIMEOUT' (*note \n+00025a80: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+00025a90: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tion::).....File\n+00025aa0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025ab0: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c de: timeout_styl\n+00025ac0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 e, Prev: timeou\n+00025ad0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00025ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025af0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2074 ables..15.1.44 t\n+00025b00: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d imeout_style.---\n 00025b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b20: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00025b30: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-00025b40: 6f20 276d 656e 7527 2c20 2763 6f75 6e74 o 'menu', 'count\n-00025b50: 646f 776e 272c 206f 7220 2768 6964 6465 down', or 'hidde\n-00025b60: 6e27 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 n' to control.th\n-00025b70: 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 e way in which t\n-00025b80: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 he timeout (*not\n-00025b90: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 e timeout::) int\n-00025ba0: 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 eracts with disp\n-00025bb0: 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e laying.the menu.\n-00025bc0: 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 See the docume\n-00025bd0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 4752 5542 ntation of 'GRUB\n-00025be0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 _TIMEOUT_STYLE' \n-00025bf0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n-00025c00: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 nfiguration::) f\n-00025c10: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 or details.....F\n-00025c20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025c30: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Node: Environme\n-00025c40: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a nt block, Prev:\n-00025c50: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025c60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 ment variables, \n-00025c70: 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Up: Environment\n-00025c80: 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 ..15.2 The GRUB \n-00025c90: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00025ca0: 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d k.==============\n-00025cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00025cc0: 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 =..It is often u\n-00025cd0: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 seful to be able\n-00025ce0: 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 to remember a s\n-00025cf0: 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 mall amount of i\n-00025d00: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 nformation.from \n-00025d10: 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 one boot to the \n-00025d20: 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 next. For examp\n-00025d30: 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 le, you might wa\n-00025d40: 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 nt to set the.de\n-00025d50: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n-00025d60: 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 based on what w\n-00025d70: 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 as selected the \n-00025d80: 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 last time. GRUB\n-00025d90: 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f .deliberately do\n-00025da0: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 es not implement\n-00025db0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 support for wri\n-00025dc0: 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 ting files in or\n-00025dd0: 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 der to.minimise \n-00025de0: 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 the possibility \n-00025df0: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 of the boot load\n-00025e00: 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 er being respons\n-00025e10: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 ible for file.sy\n-00025e20: 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c stem corruption,\n-00025e30: 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 so a GRUB confi\n-00025e40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 guration file ca\n-00025e50: 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 nnot just create\n-00025e60: 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f a.file in the o\n-00025e70: 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f rdinary way. Ho\n-00025e80: 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 wever, GRUB prov\n-00025e90: 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e ides an \"environ\n-00025ea0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 ment block\".whic\n-00025eb0: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h can be used to\n-00025ec0: 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d save a small am\n-00025ed0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a ount of state...\n-00025ee0: 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 The environme\n-00025ef0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 nt block is a pr\n-00025f00: 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d eallocated 1024-\n-00025f10: 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 byte file, which\n-00025f20: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 .normally lives \n-00025f30: 696e 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 in '/boot/grub/g\n-00025f40: 7275 6265 6e76 2720 2861 6c74 686f 7567 rubenv' (althoug\n-00025f50: 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 h you should not\n-00025f60: 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 assume.this). \n-00025f70: 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 At boot time, th\n-00025f80: 6520 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d e 'load_env' com\n-00025f90: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 mand (*note load\n-00025fa0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e _env::) loads.en\n-00025fb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025fc0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 les from it, and\n-00025fd0: 2074 6865 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 the 'save_env' \n-00025fe0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a (*note save_env:\n-00025ff0: 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 :).command saves\n-00026000: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026010: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 iables to it. F\n-00026020: 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 rom a running sy\n-00026030: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a 2767 7275 622d stem, the.'grub-\n-00026040: 6564 6974 656e 7627 2075 7469 6c69 7479 editenv' utility\n-00026050: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-00026060: 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e edit the environ\n-00026070: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 ment block... \n-00026080: 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f For safety reaso\n-00026090: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 ns, this storage\n-000260a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-000260b0: 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 le when installe\n-000260c0: 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 d on.a plain dis\n-000260d0: 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 k (no LVM or RAI\n-000260e0: 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d D), using a non-\n-000260f0: 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c checksumming fil\n-00026100: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 esystem (no.ZFS)\n-00026110: 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 , and using BIOS\n-00026120: 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e or EFI function\n-00026130: 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f s (no ATA, USB o\n-00026140: 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 r IEEE1275)... \n-00026150: 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 'grub-mkconfig'\n-00026160: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c uses this facil\n-00026170: 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ity to implement\n-00026180: 2027 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 'GRUB_SAVEDEFAU\n-00026190: 4c54 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c LT'.(*note Simpl\n-000261a0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-000261b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-000261c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-000261d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-000261e0: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-000261f0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 tion, Prev: Env\n-00026200: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ironment, Up: T\n-00026210: 6f70 0a0a 3136 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 op..16 The list \n-00026220: 6f66 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d of available com\n-00026230: 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mands.**********\n+00025b20: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00025b30: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n+00025b40: 276d 656e 7527 2c20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 'menu', 'countdo\n+00025b50: 776e 272c 206f 7220 2768 6964 6465 6e27 wn', or 'hidden'\n+00025b60: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 to control.the \n+00025b70: 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 way in which the\n+00025b80: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 timeout (*note \n+00025b90: 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 timeout::) inter\n+00025ba0: 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 6c61 acts with displa\n+00025bb0: 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 ying.the menu. \n+00025bc0: 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 See the document\n+00025bd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 4752 5542 5f54 ation of 'GRUB_T\n+00025be0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 282a IMEOUT_STYLE' (*\n+00025bf0: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+00025c00: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 iguration::) for\n+00025c10: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+00025c20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025c30: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n+00025c40: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 block, Prev: S\n+00025c50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025c60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 nt variables, U\n+00025c70: 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a p: Environment..\n+00025c80: 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 15.2 The GRUB en\n+00025c90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+00025ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00025cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00025cc0: 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 .It is often use\n+00025cd0: 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 ful to be able t\n+00025ce0: 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 o remember a sma\n+00025cf0: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 ll amount of inf\n+00025d00: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e ormation.from on\n+00025d10: 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 e boot to the ne\n+00025d20: 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 xt. For example\n+00025d30: 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 , you might want\n+00025d40: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 to set the.defa\n+00025d50: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 ult menu entry b\n+00025d60: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 ased on what was\n+00025d70: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 selected the la\n+00025d80: 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 st time. GRUB.d\n+00025d90: 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 eliberately does\n+00025da0: 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 not implement s\n+00025db0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 upport for writi\n+00025dc0: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ng files in orde\n+00025dd0: 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 r to.minimise th\n+00025de0: 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 e possibility of\n+00025df0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00025e00: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 being responsib\n+00025e10: 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 le for file.syst\n+00025e20: 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 em corruption, s\n+00025e30: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 o a GRUB configu\n+00025e40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e ration file cann\n+00025e50: 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 ot just create a\n+00025e60: 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 .file in the ord\n+00025e70: 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 inary way. Howe\n+00025e80: 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ver, GRUB provid\n+00025e90: 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 es an \"environme\n+00025ea0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 nt block\".which \n+00025eb0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+00025ec0: 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ave a small amou\n+00025ed0: 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 nt of state... \n+00025ee0: 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 The environment\n+00025ef0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 block is a prea\n+00025f00: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 llocated 1024-by\n+00025f10: 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e te file, which.n\n+00025f20: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e ormally lives in\n+00025f30: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 '/boot/grub/gru\n+00025f40: 6265 6e76 2720 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 benv' (although \n+00025f50: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 you should not a\n+00025f60: 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 ssume.this). At\n+00025f70: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 boot time, the \n+00025f80: 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d 6d61 'load_env' comma\n+00025f90: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 nd (*note load_e\n+00025fa0: 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 nv::) loads.envi\n+00025fb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025fc0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 s from it, and t\n+00025fd0: 6865 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 282a he 'save_env' (*\n+00025fe0: 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 note save_env::)\n+00025ff0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 .command saves e\n+00026000: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026010: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f bles to it. Fro\n+00026020: 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 m a running syst\n+00026030: 656d 2c20 7468 650a 2767 7275 622d 6564 em, the.'grub-ed\n+00026040: 6974 656e 7627 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 itenv' utility c\n+00026050: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 an be used to ed\n+00026060: 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 it the environme\n+00026070: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f nt block... Fo\n+00026080: 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 r safety reasons\n+00026090: 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 , this storage i\n+000260a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+000260b0: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 when installed \n+000260c0: 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 on.a plain disk \n+000260d0: 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 (no LVM or RAID)\n+000260e0: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 , using a non-ch\n+000260f0: 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 ecksumming files\n+00026100: 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 ystem (no.ZFS), \n+00026110: 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f and using BIOS o\n+00026120: 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 r EFI functions \n+00026130: 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 (no ATA, USB or \n+00026140: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 2027 IEEE1275)... '\n+00026150: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2075 grub-mkconfig' u\n+00026160: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 ses this facilit\n+00026170: 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2027 y to implement '\n+00026180: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n+00026190: 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 '.(*note Simple \n+000261a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000261b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000261c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+000261d0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mands, Next: In\n+000261e0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+000261f0: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 on, Prev: Envir\n+00026200: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 onment, Up: Top\n+00026210: 0a0a 3136 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ..16 The list of\n+00026220: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 available comma\n+00026230: 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nds.************\n 00026240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00026250: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 *******..In this\n-00026260: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 chapter, we lis\n-00026270: 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 t all commands t\n-00026280: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c hat are availabl\n-00026290: 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 e in GRUB... C\n-000262a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 ommands belong t\n-000262b0: 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 o different grou\n-000262c0: 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f ps. A few can o\n-000262d0: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 nly be used in t\n-000262e0: 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f he.global sectio\n-000262f0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 n of the configu\n-00026300: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 ration file (or \n-00026310: 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 \"menu\"); most of\n-00026320: 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 them can.be ent\n-00026330: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ered on the comm\n-00026340: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e and-line and can\n-00026350: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 be used either \n-00026360: 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a anywhere in the.\n-00026370: 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 menu or specific\n-00026380: 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ally in the menu\n-00026390: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e entries... In\n-000263a0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e rescue mode, on\n-000263b0: 6c79 2074 6865 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 ly the 'insmod' \n-000263c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n-000263d0: 2c20 276c 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 , 'ls' (*note.ls\n-000263e0: 3a3a 292c 2027 7365 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 ::), 'set' (*not\n-000263f0: 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 2775 e set::), and 'u\n-00026400: 6e73 6574 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 nset' (*note uns\n-00026410: 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 et::) commands a\n-00026420: 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 re.normally avai\n-00026430: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 lable. If you e\n-00026440: 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 nd up in rescue \n-00026450: 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 mode and do not \n-00026460: 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c know what.to do,\n-00026470: 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 then *note GRUB\n-00026480: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00026490: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a escue shell::...\n-000264a0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d * Menu:..* Menu-\n-000264b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n-000264c0: 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f s::.* General co\n-000264d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mmands::.* Comma\n-000264e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-000264f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a entry commands:\n-00026500: 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 :.* Networking c\n-00026510: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ommands::....Fil\n-00026520: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026530: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 ode: Menu-specif\n-00026540: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 ic commands, Ne\n-00026550: 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d xt: General comm\n-00026560: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n-00026570: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 3120 5468 6520 6c69 nds..16.1 The li\n-00026580: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 st of commands f\n-00026590: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 or the menu only\n-000265a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00026250: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 *****..In this c\n+00026260: 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 hapter, we list \n+00026270: 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 all commands tha\n+00026280: 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 t are available \n+00026290: 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d in GRUB... Com\n+000262a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 mands belong to \n+000262b0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 different groups\n+000262c0: 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c . 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In r\n+000263a0: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 escue mode, only\n+000263b0: 2074 6865 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 282a the 'insmod' (*\n+000263c0: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 note insmod::), \n+000263d0: 276c 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 'ls' (*note.ls::\n+000263e0: 292c 2027 7365 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ), 'set' (*note \n+000263f0: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 2775 6e73 set::), and 'uns\n+00026400: 6574 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 et' (*note unset\n+00026410: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ::) commands are\n+00026420: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 .normally availa\n+00026430: 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 ble. 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A hexadecima\n-00026710: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 l. number mu\n-00026720: 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 st be preceded b\n-00026730: 7920 2730 7827 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 y '0x', and is c\n-00026740: 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e ase-insensitive.\n-00026750: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 .. These comma\n-00026760: 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 nds can only be \n-00026770: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 used in the menu\n-00026780: 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 :..* Menu:..* me\n-00026790: 6e75 656e 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nuentry:: \n-000267a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 Star\n-000267b0: 7420 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a t a menu entry.*\n-000267c0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 submenu:: \n-000267d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n-000267e0: 726f 7570 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 roup menu entrie\n-000267f0: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n-00026800: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n-00026810: 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 uentry, Next: s\n-00026820: 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e ubmenu, Up: Men\n-00026830: 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 u-specific comma\n-00026840: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 nds..16.1.1 menu\n-00026850: 656e 7472 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d entry.----------\n-00026860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00026870: 616e 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 and: menuentry T\n-00026880: 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c ITLE [--class=cl\n-00026890: 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 ass ...] [--user\n-000268a0: 733d 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s=users]. \n-000268b0: 2020 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 [--unrestrict\n-000268c0: 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 ed] [--hotkey=ke\n-000268d0: 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 y] [--id=id] [AR\n-000268e0: 4720 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 G ...] { COMMAND\n-000268f0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 ;. ... \n-00026900: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. This defi\n-00026910: 6e65 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 nes a GRUB menu \n-00026920: 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c entry named TITL\n-00026930: 452e 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e E. When this en\n-00026940: 7472 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 try is. sele\n-00026950: 6374 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 cted from the me\n-00026960: 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 nu, GRUB will se\n-00026970: 7420 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 t the CHOSEN env\n-00026980: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 ironment. va\n-00026990: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 riable to value \n-000269a0: 6f66 2027 2d2d 6964 2720 6966 2027 2d2d of '--id' if '--\n-000269b0: 6964 2720 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 id' is given, ex\n-000269c0: 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ecute the list o\n-000269d0: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 f. commands \n-000269e0: 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 given within bra\n-000269f0: 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 ces, and if the \n-00026a00: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n-00026a10: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the list. re\n-00026a20: 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 turned successfu\n-00026a30: 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c lly and a kernel\n-00026a40: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 was loaded it w\n-00026a50: 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a ill execute the.\n-00026a60: 2020 2020 2027 626f 6f74 2720 636f 6d6d 'boot' comm\n-00026a70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 and... The '\n-00026a80: 2d2d 636c 6173 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 --class' option \n-00026a90: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 may be used any \n-00026aa0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 number of times \n-00026ab0: 746f 2067 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 to group menu. \n-00026ac0: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 entries into \n-00026ad0: 636c 6173 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 classes. Menu t\n-00026ae0: 6865 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 hemes may displa\n-00026af0: 7920 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 y different clas\n-00026b00: 7365 730a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 ses. using d\n-00026b10: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e ifferent styles.\n-00026b20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 7573 .. The '--us\n-00026b30: 6572 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e ers' option gran\n-00026b40: 7473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 ts specific user\n-00026b50: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 s access to spec\n-00026b60: 6966 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 ific menu. e\n-00026b70: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ntries. *Note S\n-00026b80: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ecurity::... \n-00026b90: 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 The '--unrestri\n-00026ba0: 6374 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 cted' option gra\n-00026bb0: 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 nts all users ac\n-00026bc0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n-00026bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 . menu entri\n-00026be0: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n-00026bf0: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n-00026c00: 2027 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 2720 6f70 7469 '--hotkey' opti\n-00026c10: 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 on associates a \n-00026c20: 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 hotkey with a me\n-00026c30: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 nu entry. KEY. \n-00026c40: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2073 696e may be a sin\n-00026c50: 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 6f72 206f gle letter, or o\n-00026c60: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c 6961 7365 ne of the aliase\n-00026c70: 7320 2762 6163 6b73 7061 6365 272c 2027 s 'backspace', '\n-00026c80: 7461 6227 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 2764 tab',. or 'd\n-00026c90: 656c 6574 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 elete'... 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A\n-00026d60: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e ll other argumen\n-00026d70: 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 ts including TIT\n-00026d80: 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 LE are passed as\n-00026d90: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 positional. \n-00026da0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e parameters when\n-00026db0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-00026dc0: 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 s is executed wi\n-00026dd0: 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a th TITLE always.\n-00026de0: 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f assigned to\n-00026df0: 2027 2431 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 '$1'.....File: \n-00026e00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026e10: 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 : submenu, Prev\n-00026e20: 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 : menuentry, Up\n-00026e30: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 : Menu-specific \n-00026e40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e31 2e32 commands..16.1.2\n-00026e50: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d submenu.-------\n-00026e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00026e70: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 mand: submenu TI\n-00026e80: 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 TLE [--class=cla\n-00026e90: 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 ss ...] [--users\n-00026ea0: 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 =users]. \n-00026eb0: 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 [--unrestricte\n-00026ec0: 645d 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 d] [--hotkey=key\n-00026ed0: 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 ] [--id=id] { ME\n-00026ee0: 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d NU ENTRIES ... }\n-00026ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e . This defin\n-00026f00: 6573 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 es a submenu. A\n-00026f10: 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 n entry called T\n-00026f20: 4954 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 ITLE will be add\n-00026f30: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ed to the. m\n-00026f40: 656e 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 enu; when that e\n-00026f50: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ntry is selected\n-00026f60: 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c , a new menu wil\n-00026f70: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 l be displayed. \n-00026f80: 2020 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 showing all \n-00026f90: 7468 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 the entries with\n-00026fa0: 696e 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e in this submenu.\n-00026fb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f .. All optio\n-00026fc0: 6e73 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ns are the same \n-00026fd0: 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 276d 656e 7565 as in the 'menue\n-00026fe0: 6e74 7279 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ntry' command (*\n-00026ff0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e note. menuen\n-00027000: 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a try::).....File:\n-00027010: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00027020: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 e: General comma\n-00027030: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d nds, Next: Comm\n-00027040: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00027050: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00027060: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d 7370 , Prev: Menu-sp\n-00027070: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c ecific commands,\n-00027080: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-00027090: 3136 2e32 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 16.2 The list of\n-000270a0: 2067 656e 6572 616c 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\n+00026690: 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 only a comment\n+000266a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ... * Options \n+000266b0: 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 are separated by\n+000266c0: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 spaces... * A\n+000266d0: 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 ll numbers can b\n+000266e0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c e either decimal\n+000266f0: 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e or hexadecimal.\n+00026700: 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a A hexadecimal.\n+00026710: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 number must\n+00026720: 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 be preceded by \n+00026730: 2730 7827 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 '0x', and is cas\n+00026740: 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a e-insensitive...\n+00026750: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 These command\n+00026760: 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 s can only be us\n+00026770: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 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-- Comman\n+00026870: 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 d: menuentry TIT\n+00026880: 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 LE [--class=clas\n+00026890: 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d s ...] [--users=\n+000268a0: 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 users]. \n+000268b0: 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 [--unrestricted\n+000268c0: 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d ] [--hotkey=key]\n+000268d0: 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 [--id=id] [ARG \n+000268e0: 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a ...] { COMMAND;.\n+000268f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a ... }.\n+00026900: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n+00026910: 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e s a GRUB menu en\n+00026920: 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e try named TITLE.\n+00026930: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 When this entr\n+00026940: 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 y is. select\n+00026950: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ed 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Menu the\n+00026ae0: 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 mes may display \n+00026af0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 different classe\n+00026b00: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 s. using dif\n+00026b10: 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a ferent styles...\n+00026b20: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 7573 6572 The '--user\n+00026b30: 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 s' option grants\n+00026b40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 specific users \n+00026b50: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n+00026b60: 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ic menu. ent\n+00026b70: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n+00026b80: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n+00026b90: 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 he '--unrestrict\n+00026ba0: 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 ed' option grant\n+00026bb0: 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 6365 s all users acce\n+00026bc0: 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 ss to specific. \n+00026bd0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 menu entries\n+00026be0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n+00026bf0: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 y::... The '\n+00026c00: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e --hotkey' option\n+00026c10: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f associates a ho\n+00026c20: 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 tkey with a menu\n+00026c30: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 entry. 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ID is\n+00026cf0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 string of ASCII\n+00026d00: 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 aphanumeric cha\n+00026d10: 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 racters, undersc\n+00026d20: 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 ore. and hyp\n+00026d30: 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e hen and should n\n+00026d40: 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 ot start with a \n+00026d50: 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c digit... All\n+00026d60: 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 other arguments\n+00026d70: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 including TITLE\n+00026d80: 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 are passed as p\n+00026d90: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 ositional. p\n+00026da0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c arameters when l\n+00026db0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+00026dc0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 is executed with\n+00026dd0: 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 TITLE always. \n+00026de0: 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2027 assigned to '\n+00026df0: 2431 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 $1'.....File: gr\n+00026e00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026e10: 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 submenu, Prev: \n+00026e20: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 menuentry, Up: \n+00026e30: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+00026e40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e31 2e32 2073 mmands..16.1.2 s\n+00026e50: 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ubmenu.---------\n+00026e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00026e70: 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c nd: submenu TITL\n+00026e80: 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 E [--class=class\n+00026e90: 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 ...] [--users=u\n+00026ea0: 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sers]. \n+00026eb0: 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d [--unrestricted]\n+00026ec0: 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 [--hotkey=key] \n+00026ed0: 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 [--id=id] { MENU\n+00026ee0: 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 ENTRIES ... }. \n+00026ef0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 This defines\n+00026f00: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 a submenu. An \n+00026f10: 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 entry called TIT\n+00026f20: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 LE will be added\n+00026f30: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e to the. men\n+00026f40: 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 u; when that ent\n+00026f50: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 ry is selected, \n+00026f60: 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 a new menu will \n+00026f70: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 be displayed. \n+00026f80: 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 showing all th\n+00026f90: 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e e entries within\n+00026fa0: 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a this submenu...\n+00026fb0: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 All options\n+00026fc0: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 are the same as\n+00026fd0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 276d 656e 7565 6e74 in the 'menuent\n+00026fe0: 7279 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ry' command (*no\n+00026ff0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 te. menuentr\n+00027000: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y::).....File: g\n+00027010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027020: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+00027030: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n+00027040: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00027050: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 entry commands, \n+00027060: 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 Prev: Menu-spec\n+00027070: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ific commands, \n+00027080: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 Up: Commands..16\n+00027090: 2e32 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2067 .2 The list of g\n+000270a0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n+000270b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000270c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000270d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 ===..Commands us\n-000270e0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e able anywhere in\n-000270f0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e the menu and in\n-00027100: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00027110: 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 e...* Menu:..* s\n-00027120: 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 erial:: \n-00027130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-00027140: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 up a serial dev\n-00027150: 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ice.* terminal_i\n-00027160: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nput:: \n-00027170: 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 Manage input\n-00027180: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 terminals.* ter\n-00027190: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 minal_output:: \n-000271a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 Manag\n-000271b0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n-000271c0: 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 ls.* terminfo:: \n+000270d0: 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 =..Commands usab\n+000270e0: 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 le anywhere in t\n+000270f0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 he menu and in t\n+00027100: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n+00027110: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 ..* Menu:..* ser\n+00027120: 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial:: \n+00027130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 Set u\n+00027140: 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 p a serial devic\n+00027150: 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 e.* terminal_inp\n+00027160: 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut:: \n+00027170: 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 Manage input t\n+00027180: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 erminals.* termi\n+00027190: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 nal_output:: \n+000271a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 Manage \n+000271b0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n+000271c0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 .* terminfo:: \n 000271d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000271e0: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e Define termin\n-000271f0: 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a al type....File:\n-00027200: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00027210: 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: serial, Next\n-00027220: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n-00027230: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-00027240: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 322e 3120 ommands..16.2.1 \n-00027250: 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d serial.---------\n-00027260: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00027270: 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 d: serial [--uni\n-00027280: 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d t=unit] [--port=\n-00027290: 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 port] [--speed=s\n-000272a0: 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 peed]. \n-000272b0: 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d [--word=word] [-\n-000272c0: 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 -parity=parity] \n-000272d0: 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 [--stop=stop]. \n-000272e0: 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 Initialize a \n-000272f0: 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 serial device. \n-00027300: 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 UNIT is a number\n-00027310: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d in the range 0-\n-00027320: 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 3. specifyin\n-00027330: 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 g which serial p\n-00027340: 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 ort to use; defa\n-00027350: 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a ult is 0, which.\n-00027360: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 corresponds\n-00027370: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 to the port oft\n-00027380: 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e20 en called COM1. \n-00027390: 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f PORT is the I/O\n-000273a0: 2070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7265 port. where\n-000273b0: 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 the UART is to \n-000273c0: 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 3b20 6966 2073 7065 be found; if spe\n-000273d0: 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 cified it takes \n-000273e0: 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 0a20 2020 2020 precedence. \n-000273f0: 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e 2020 5350 4545 over UNIT. SPEE\n-00027400: 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 D is the transmi\n-00027410: 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 ssion speed; def\n-00027420: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 ault is 9600. W\n-00027430: 4f52 440a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2053 544f ORD. and STO\n-00027440: 5020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 P are the number\n-00027450: 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e of data bits an\n-00027460: 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 d stop bits. Da\n-00027470: 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 ta bits must. \n-00027480: 2020 6265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 be in the rang\n-00027490: 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 e 5-8 and stop b\n-000274a0: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 its must be 1 or\n-000274b0: 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2. Default is \n-000274c0: 380a 2020 2020 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 8. data bits\n-000274d0: 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 and one stop bi\n-000274e0: 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e t. PARITY is on\n-000274f0: 6520 6f66 2027 6e6f 272c 2027 6f64 6427 e of 'no', 'odd'\n-00027500: 2c20 2765 7665 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 616e , 'even'. an\n-00027510: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 276e d defaults to 'n\n-00027520: 6f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 o'... The se\n-00027530: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 rial port is not\n-00027540: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 used as a commu\n-00027550: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c nication channel\n-00027560: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 unless the. \n-00027570: 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 'terminal_input\n-00027580: 2720 6f72 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f ' or 'terminal_o\n-00027590: 7574 7075 7427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 utput' command i\n-000275a0: 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 s used (*note. \n-000275b0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 terminal_inpu\n-000275c0: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 t::, *note termi\n-000275d0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a nal_output::)...\n-000275e0: 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e See also *n\n-000275f0: 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 ote Serial termi\n-00027600: 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 nal::.....File: \n-00027610: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00027620: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n-00027630: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Next: termina\n-00027640: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a l_output, Prev:\n-00027650: 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 serial, Up: Ge\n-00027660: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a neral commands..\n-00027670: 3136 2e32 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 16.2.2 terminal_\n-00027680: 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d input.----------\n-00027690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000276a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e Command: termin\n-000276b0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 al_input [--appe\n-000276c0: 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 nd|--remove] [te\n-000276d0: 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e rminal1] [termin\n-000276e0: 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e al2]. .\n-000276f0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 ... List or \n-00027700: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 select an input \n-00027710: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 terminal... \n-00027720: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n-00027730: 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 s, list the acti\n-00027740: 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ve and available\n-00027750: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 input terminals\n-00027760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d ... With '--\n-00027770: 6170 7065 6e64 272c 2061 6464 2074 6865 append', add the\n-00027780: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n-00027790: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n-000277a0: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 active. inpu\n-000277b0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 t terminals; any\n-000277c0: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 of these may be\n-000277d0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 used to provide\n-000277e0: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a input to GRUB..\n-000277f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 7265 . With '--re\n-00027800: 6d6f 7665 272c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 move', remove th\n-00027810: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n-00027820: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 s from the activ\n-00027830: 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 e list... Wi\n-00027840: 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 th no options bu\n-00027850: 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d t a list of term\n-00027860: 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 inal names, make\n-00027870: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 only the listed\n-00027880: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e . terminal n\n-00027890: 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a ames active.....\n-000278a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000278b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Node: terminal\n-000278c0: 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _output, Next: \n-000278d0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a terminfo, Prev:\n-000278e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c terminal_input,\n-000278f0: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n-00027900: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e33 2074 mmands..16.2.3 t\n-00027910: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d erminal_output.-\n+000271e0: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c Define terminal\n+000271f0: 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 type....File: g\n+00027200: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027210: 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 serial, Next: \n+00027220: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n+00027230: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n+00027240: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 322e 3120 7365 mands..16.2.1 se\n+00027250: 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rial.-----------\n+00027260: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00027270: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d serial [--unit=\n+00027280: 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f unit] [--port=po\n+00027290: 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 rt] [--speed=spe\n+000272a0: 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ed]. [-\n+000272b0: 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 -word=word] [--p\n+000272c0: 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d arity=parity] [-\n+000272d0: 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 -stop=stop]. \n+000272e0: 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 Initialize a se\n+000272f0: 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e rial device. UN\n+00027300: 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 IT is a number i\n+00027310: 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a n the range 0-3.\n+00027320: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n+00027330: 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 which serial por\n+00027340: 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c t to use; defaul\n+00027350: 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 t is 0, which. \n+00027360: 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 corresponds t\n+00027370: 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e o the port often\n+00027380: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e20 2050 called COM1. P\n+00027390: 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 ORT is the I/O p\n+000273a0: 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7265 2074 ort. where t\n+000273b0: 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 he UART is to be\n+000273c0: 2066 6f75 6e64 3b20 6966 2073 7065 6369 found; if speci\n+000273d0: 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 7072 fied it takes pr\n+000273e0: 6563 6564 656e 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 ecedence. ov\n+000273f0: 6572 2055 4e49 542e 2020 5350 4545 4420 er UNIT. SPEED \n+00027400: 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 is the transmiss\n+00027410: 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 ion speed; defau\n+00027420: 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 lt is 9600. WOR\n+00027430: 440a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2053 544f 5020 D. and STOP \n+00027440: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f are the number o\n+00027450: 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 f data bits and \n+00027460: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 stop bits. Data\n+00027470: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 2020 bits must. \n+00027480: 6265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 be in the range \n+00027490: 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 5-8 and stop bit\n+000274a0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 s must be 1 or 2\n+000274b0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 380a . Default is 8.\n+000274c0: 2020 2020 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 2061 data bits a\n+000274d0: 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e nd one stop bit.\n+000274e0: 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 PARITY is one \n+000274f0: 6f66 2027 6e6f 272c 2027 6f64 6427 2c20 of 'no', 'odd', \n+00027500: 2765 7665 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 'even'. and \n+00027510: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 276e 6f27 defaults to 'no'\n+00027520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 ... The seri\n+00027530: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 al port is not u\n+00027540: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 sed as a communi\n+00027550: 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 cation channel u\n+00027560: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 nless the. '\n+00027570: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 terminal_input' \n+00027580: 6f72 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 or 'terminal_out\n+00027590: 7075 7427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 put' command is \n+000275a0: 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 used (*note. \n+000275b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a terminal_input:\n+000275c0: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 :, *note termina\n+000275d0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 l_output::)... \n+000275e0: 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 See also *not\n+000275f0: 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e Serial termina\n+00027600: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 l::.....File: gr\n+00027610: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027620: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n+00027630: 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Next: terminal_\n+00027640: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 output, Prev: s\n+00027650: 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 erial, Up: Gene\n+00027660: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ral commands..16\n+00027670: 2e32 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e .2.2 terminal_in\n+00027680: 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d put.------------\n+00027690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000276a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ommand: terminal\n+000276b0: 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 _input [--append\n+000276c0: 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d |--remove] [term\n+000276d0: 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c inal1] [terminal\n+000276e0: 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 2]. ...\n+000276f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 . List or se\n+00027700: 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 7465 lect an input te\n+00027710: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 rminal... Wi\n+00027720: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n+00027730: 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 list the active\n+00027740: 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 and available i\n+00027750: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a nput terminals..\n+00027760: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 6170 . With '--ap\n+00027770: 7065 6e64 272c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e pend', add the n\n+00027780: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 amed terminals t\n+00027790: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 o the list of ac\n+000277a0: 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 tive. input \n+000277b0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f terminals; any o\n+000277c0: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 f these may be u\n+000277d0: 7365 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 sed to provide i\n+000277e0: 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 nput to GRUB... \n+000277f0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 7265 6d6f With '--remo\n+00027800: 7665 272c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ve', remove the \n+00027810: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+00027820: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n+00027830: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n+00027840: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n+00027850: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n+00027860: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n+00027870: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n+00027880: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n+00027890: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n+000278a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000278b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Node: terminal_o\n+000278c0: 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 utput, Next: te\n+000278d0: 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 rminfo, Prev: t\n+000278e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n+000278f0: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+00027900: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e33 2074 6572 ands..16.2.3 ter\n+00027910: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d minal_output.---\n 00027920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027930: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00027940: 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 nd: terminal_out\n-00027950: 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d put [--append|--\n-00027960: 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 remove] [termina\n-00027970: 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a l1] [terminal2].\n-00027980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 .... \n-00027990: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 List or selec\n-000279a0: 7420 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d t an output term\n-000279b0: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 inal... With\n-000279c0: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c no arguments, l\n-000279d0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 ist the active a\n-000279e0: 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 nd available out\n-000279f0: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a put terminals...\n-00027a00: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d61 7070 With '--app\n-00027a10: 656e 6427 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 end', add the na\n-00027a20: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f med terminals to\n-00027a30: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 the list of act\n-00027a40: 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 ive. output \n-00027a50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f terminals; all o\n-00027a60: 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 f these will rec\n-00027a70: 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d eive output from\n-00027a80: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 GRUB... Wit\n-00027a90: 6820 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 6527 2c20 7265 h '--remove', re\n-00027aa0: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 move the named t\n-00027ab0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 erminals from th\n-00027ac0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a e active list...\n-00027ad0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 With no opt\n-00027ae0: 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 ions but a list \n-00027af0: 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 of terminal name\n-00027b00: 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, make only the\n-00027b10: 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 listed. ter\n-00027b20: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 minal names acti\n-00027b30: 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ve.....File: gru\n-00027b40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-00027b50: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erminfo, Prev: \n-00027b60: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c terminal_output,\n-00027b70: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n-00027b80: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e34 2074 mmands..16.2.4 t\n-00027b90: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erminfo.--------\n-00027ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00027bb0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b mand: terminfo [\n-00027bc0: 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 -a|-u|-v] [-g Wx\n-00027bd0: 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d H] [term] [type]\n-00027be0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 . Define the\n-00027bf0: 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 6f66 capabilities of\n-00027c00: 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2062 your terminal b\n-00027c10: 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e 616d y giving the nam\n-00027c20: 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 e of an. ent\n-00027c30: 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e ry in the termin\n-00027c40: 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 6869 fo database, whi\n-00027c50: 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 6573 ch should corres\n-00027c60: 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a pond roughly to.\n-00027c70: 2020 2020 2061 2027 5445 524d 2720 656e a 'TERM' en\n-00027c80: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00027c90: 6c65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 le in Unix... \n-00027ca0: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 The currently \n-00027cb0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e available termin\n-00027cc0: 616c 2074 7970 6573 2061 7265 2027 7674 al types are 'vt\n-00027cd0: 3130 3027 2c20 2776 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 100', 'vt100-col\n-00027ce0: 6f72 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2769 6565 6531 or',. 'ieee1\n-00027cf0: 3237 3527 2c20 616e 6420 2764 756d 6227 275', and 'dumb'\n-00027d00: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f . If you need o\n-00027d10: 7468 6572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 ther terminal ty\n-00027d20: 7065 732c 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 pes, please. \n-00027d30: 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 contact us to d\n-00027d40: 6973 6375 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 iscuss the best \n-00027d50: 7761 7920 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 way to include s\n-00027d60: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 upport for these\n-00027d70: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a in. GRUB...\n-00027d80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d61 2720 2827 The '-a' ('\n-00027d90: 2d2d 6173 6369 6927 292c 2027 2d75 2720 --ascii'), '-u' \n-00027da0: 2827 2d2d 7574 6638 2729 2c20 616e 6420 ('--utf8'), and \n-00027db0: 272d 7627 2028 272d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d '-v' ('--visual-\n-00027dc0: 7574 6638 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 utf8'). opti\n-00027dd0: 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 ons control how \n-00027de0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 non-ASCII text i\n-00027df0: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 272d s displayed. '-\n-00027e00: 6127 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 6e0a a' specifies an.\n-00027e10: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 ASCII-only \n-00027e20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 272d 7527 2073 terminal; '-u' s\n-00027e30: 7065 6369 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c pecifies logical\n-00027e40: 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 ly-ordered UTF-8\n-00027e50: 3b20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 2720 ; and. '-v' \n-00027e60: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 specifies \"visua\n-00027e70: 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d lly-ordered UTF-\n-00027e80: 3822 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 8\" (in other wor\n-00027e90: 6473 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 ds, arranged. \n-00027ea0: 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 such that a te\n-00027eb0: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n-00027ec0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 without bidirect\n-00027ed0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f ional text suppo\n-00027ee0: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 rt. will dis\n-00027ef0: 706c 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 play right-to-le\n-00027f00: 6674 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 ft text in the p\n-00027f10: 726f 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 roper order; thi\n-00027f20: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 s is not. re\n-00027f30: 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d ally proper UTF-\n-00027f40: 382c 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 8, but a workaro\n-00027f50: 756e 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 und)... The \n-00027f60: 272d 6727 2028 272d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 '-g' ('--geometr\n-00027f70: 7927 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 y') can be used \n-00027f80: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 6d69 to specify termi\n-00027f90: 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 nal geometry... \n-00027fa0: 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e If no option\n-00027fb0: 206f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 or terminal typ\n-00027fc0: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 e is specified, \n-00027fd0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 726d the current term\n-00027fe0: 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 2069 inal. type i\n-00027ff0: 7320 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 s printed.....Fi\n-00028000: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00028010: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Node: Command-li\n-00028020: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-00028030: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 y commands, Nex\n-00028040: 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f t: Networking co\n-00028050: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 mmands, Prev: G\n-00028060: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c eneral commands,\n-00028070: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-00028080: 3136 2e33 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 16.3 The list of\n-00028090: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e command-line an\n-000280a0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-000280b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n+00027930: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00027940: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n+00027950: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n+00027960: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n+00027970: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n+00027980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n+00027990: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n+000279a0: 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e an output termin\n+000279b0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e al... With n\n+000279c0: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 o arguments, lis\n+000279d0: 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 t the active and\n+000279e0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 available outpu\n+000279f0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n+00027a00: 2020 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d61 7070 656e With '--appen\n+00027a10: 6427 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 d', add the name\n+00027a20: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 d terminals to t\n+00027a30: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 he list of activ\n+00027a40: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 e. output te\n+00027a50: 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 rminals; all of \n+00027a60: 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 these will recei\n+00027a70: 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 ve output from G\n+00027a80: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 RUB... With \n+00027a90: 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 6527 2c20 7265 6d6f '--remove', remo\n+00027aa0: 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 ve the named ter\n+00027ab0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 minals from the \n+00027ac0: 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 active list... \n+00027ad0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f With no optio\n+00027ae0: 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ns but a list of\n+00027af0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c terminal names,\n+00027b00: 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c make only the l\n+00027b10: 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 isted. termi\n+00027b20: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 nal names active\n+00027b30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027b40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n+00027b50: 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 minfo, Prev: te\n+00027b60: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 rminal_output, \n+00027b70: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+00027b80: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e34 2074 6572 ands..16.2.4 ter\n+00027b90: 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d minfo.----------\n+00027ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00027bb0: 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b 2d61 nd: terminfo [-a\n+00027bc0: 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 485d |-u|-v] [-g WxH]\n+00027bd0: 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 [term] [type]. \n+00027be0: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 2063 Define the c\n+00027bf0: 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 6f66 2079 apabilities of y\n+00027c00: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2062 7920 our terminal by \n+00027c10: 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 giving the name \n+00027c20: 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 of an. entry\n+00027c30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 666f in the terminfo\n+00027c40: 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 6869 6368 database, which\n+00027c50: 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 6573 706f should correspo\n+00027c60: 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 nd roughly to. \n+00027c70: 2020 2061 2027 5445 524d 2720 656e 7669 a 'TERM' envi\n+00027c80: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027c90: 2069 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 in Unix... \n+00027ca0: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 The currently av\n+00027cb0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c ailable terminal\n+00027cc0: 2074 7970 6573 2061 7265 2027 7674 3130 types are 'vt10\n+00027cd0: 3027 2c20 2776 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 0', 'vt100-color\n+00027ce0: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2769 6565 6531 3237 ',. 'ieee127\n+00027cf0: 3527 2c20 616e 6420 2764 756d 6227 2e20 5', and 'dumb'. \n+00027d00: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 If you need oth\n+00027d10: 6572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 er terminal type\n+00027d20: 732c 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 s, please. c\n+00027d30: 6f6e 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 ontact us to dis\n+00027d40: 6375 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 cuss the best wa\n+00027d50: 7920 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 y to include sup\n+00027d60: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 port for these i\n+00027d70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 n. GRUB... \n+00027d80: 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d61 2720 2827 2d2d The '-a' ('--\n+00027d90: 6173 6369 6927 292c 2027 2d75 2720 2827 ascii'), '-u' ('\n+00027da0: 2d2d 7574 6638 2729 2c20 616e 6420 272d --utf8'), and '-\n+00027db0: 7627 2028 272d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 v' ('--visual-ut\n+00027dc0: 6638 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e f8'). option\n+00027dd0: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 6e6f s control how no\n+00027de0: 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 7320 n-ASCII text is \n+00027df0: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 272d 6127 displayed. '-a'\n+00027e00: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 specifies an. \n+00027e10: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 ASCII-only te\n+00027e20: 726d 696e 616c 3b20 272d 7527 2073 7065 rminal; '-u' spe\n+00027e30: 6369 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 cifies logically\n+00027e40: 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 -ordered UTF-8; \n+00027e50: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 2720 7370 and. '-v' sp\n+00027e60: 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c ecifies \"visuall\n+00027e70: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 y-ordered UTF-8\"\n+00027e80: 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 (in other words\n+00027e90: 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 , arranged. \n+00027ea0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d such that a term\n+00027eb0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 inal emulator wi\n+00027ec0: 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f thout bidirectio\n+00027ed0: 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal text support\n+00027ee0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c . will displ\n+00027ef0: 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 ay right-to-left\n+00027f00: 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f text in the pro\n+00027f10: 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 per order; this \n+00027f20: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c is not. real\n+00027f30: 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c ly proper UTF-8,\n+00027f40: 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e but a workaroun\n+00027f50: 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d d)... The '-\n+00027f60: 6727 2028 272d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 7927 g' ('--geometry'\n+00027f70: 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ) can be used to\n+00027f80: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 specify termina\n+00027f90: 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 l geometry... \n+00027fa0: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f If no option o\n+00027fb0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6520 r terminal type \n+00027fc0: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 is specified, th\n+00027fd0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 726d 696e e current termin\n+00027fe0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 2069 7320 al. type is \n+00027ff0: 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 printed.....File\n+00028000: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00028010: 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 de: Command-line\n+00028020: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+00028030: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+00028040: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+00028050: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e ands, Prev: Gen\n+00028060: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+00028070: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 Up: Commands..16\n+00028080: 2e33 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 .3 The list of c\n+00028090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+000280a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+000280b0: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n 000280c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000280d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000280e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-000280f0: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 se commands are \n-00028100: 7573 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f usable in the co\n-00028110: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 mmand-line and i\n-00028120: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 n menu entries. \n-00028130: 2049 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 If.you forget a\n-00028140: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 command, you ca\n-00028150: 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e n run the comman\n-00028160: 6420 2768 656c 7027 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 d 'help' (*note \n-00028170: 6865 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 help::)...* Menu\n-00028180: 3a0a 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 :..* [:: \n+000280e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 =========..These\n+000280f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 commands are us\n+00028100: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d able in the comm\n+00028110: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 and-line and in \n+00028120: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 menu entries. I\n+00028130: 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 f.you forget a c\n+00028140: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ommand, you can \n+00028150: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+00028160: 2768 656c 7027 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 'help' (*note he\n+00028170: 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a lp::)...* Menu:.\n+00028180: 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* [:: \n 00028190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000281a0: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 Check file ty\n-000281b0: 7065 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 pes and compare \n-000281c0: 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 values.* acpi:: \n+000281a0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n+000281b0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n+000281c0: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 lues.* acpi:: \n 000281d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000281e0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 Load ACPI\n-000281f0: 2074 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6573 Tes\n+000284b0: 7420 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 t bit in CMOS.* \n+000284c0: 636d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp:: \n+000284d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n+000284e0: 6d70 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 6c65 730a mpare two files.\n+000284f0: 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2020 * configfile:: \n 00028500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028510: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Load a configu\n-00028520: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 ration file.* cp\n-00028530: 7569 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid:: \n-00028540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 Chec\n-00028550: 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 k for CPU featur\n-00028560: 6573 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 es.* crc:: \n+00028510: 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Load a configura\n+00028520: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 7569 tion file.* cpui\n+00028530: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n+00028540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n+00028550: 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 for CPU features\n+00028560: 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* crc:: \n 00028570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028580: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-00028590: 6563 6b20 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 6b73 eck CRC32 checks\n-000285a0: 756d 730a 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e ums.* cryptomoun\n-000285b0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-000285c0: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 7970 Mount a cryp\n-000285d0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 746d to device.* cutm\n-000285e0: 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em:: \n-000285f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-00028600: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 730a memory regions.\n-00028610: 2a20 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * date:: \n-00028620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028630: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6f72 2073 6574 2063 Display or set c\n-00028640: 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 urrent date and \n-00028650: 7469 6d65 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 time.* devicetre\n-00028660: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-00028670: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 Load a devi\n-00028680: 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 0a2a 2064 ce tree blob.* d\n-00028690: 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 istrust:: \n-000286a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n-000286b0: 6f76 6520 6120 7075 626b 6579 2066 726f ove a pubkey fro\n-000286c0: 6d20 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a m trusted keys.*\n-000286d0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a20 2020 2020 drivemap:: \n-000286e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-000286f0: 6170 2061 2064 7269 7665 2074 6f20 616e ap a drive to an\n-00028700: 6f74 6865 720a 2a20 6563 686f 3a3a 2020 other.* echo:: \n+00028580: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+00028590: 6b20 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 6b73 756d k CRC32 checksum\n+000285a0: 730a 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a s.* cryptomount:\n+000285b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000285c0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 7970 746f Mount a crypto\n+000285d0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 746d 656d device.* cutmem\n+000285e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+000285f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 206d Remove m\n+00028600: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 730a 2a20 emory regions.* \n+00028610: 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date:: \n+00028620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 Di\n+00028630: 7370 6c61 7920 6f72 2073 6574 2063 7572 splay or set cur\n+00028640: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n+00028650: 6d65 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 653a me.* devicetree:\n+00028660: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028670: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n+00028680: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 0a2a 2064 6973 tree blob.* dis\n+00028690: 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust:: \n+000286a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+000286b0: 6520 6120 7075 626b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 e a pubkey from \n+000286c0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2064 trusted keys.* d\n+000286d0: 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 rivemap:: \n+000286e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6170 Map\n+000286f0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 a drive to anot\n+00028700: 6865 720a 2a20 6563 686f 3a3a 2020 2020 her.* echo:: \n 00028710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028720: 2020 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 Display a \n-00028730: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 0a2a 2065 line of text.* e\n-00028740: 7661 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 val:: \n-00028750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7661 Eva\n-00028760: 6c75 6174 6520 6167 7275 6d65 6e74 7320 luate agruments \n-00028770: 6173 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 as GRUB commands\n-00028780: 0a2a 2065 7870 6f72 743a 3a20 2020 2020 .* export:: \n-00028790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000287a0: 2045 7870 6f72 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 Export an envir\n-000287b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a onment variable.\n-000287c0: 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * false:: \n-000287d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000287e0: 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 Do nothing, unsu\n-000287f0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2067 6574 ccessfully.* get\n-00028800: 7465 7874 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text:: \n-00028810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 Trans\n-00028820: 6c61 7465 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 late a string.* \n-00028830: 6770 7473 796e 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync:: \n-00028840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 Fi\n-00028850: 6c6c 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 7365 6420 ll an MBR based \n-00028860: 6f6e 2047 5054 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a on GPT entries.*\n-00028870: 2068 616c 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt:: \n-00028880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-00028890: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f hut down your co\n-000288a0: 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d mputer.* hashsum\n-000288b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000288c0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n-000288d0: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 6861 7368 2063 6865 r check hash che\n-000288e0: 636b 7375 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a3a 2020 cksum.* help:: \n+00028720: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 Display a li\n+00028730: 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 0a2a 2065 7661 ne of text.* eva\n+00028740: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+00028750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 Evalu\n+00028760: 6174 6520 6167 7275 6d65 6e74 7320 6173 ate agruments as\n+00028770: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a GRUB commands.*\n+00028780: 2065 7870 6f72 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 export:: \n+00028790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n+000287a0: 7870 6f72 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e xport an environ\n+000287b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 ment variable.* \n+000287c0: 6661 6c73 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 false:: \n+000287d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n+000287e0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 nothing, unsucc\n+000287f0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 essfully.* gette\n+00028800: 7874 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xt:: \n+00028810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 Transla\n+00028820: 7465 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 6770 te a string.* gp\n+00028830: 7473 796e 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tsync:: \n+00028840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c6c Fill\n+00028850: 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e an MBR based on\n+00028860: 2047 5054 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2068 GPT entries.* h\n+00028870: 616c 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt:: \n+00028880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6875 Shu\n+00028890: 7420 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 t down your comp\n+000288a0: 7574 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a uter.* hashsum::\n+000288b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000288c0: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+000288d0: 6368 6563 6b20 6861 7368 2063 6865 636b check hash check\n+000288e0: 7375 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a3a 2020 2020 sum.* help:: \n 000288f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028900: 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2068 656c 7020 Show help \n-00028910: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 messages.* initr\n-00028920: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-00028930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n-00028940: 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 Linux initrd.* i\n-00028950: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nitrd16:: \n-00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00028970: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 d a Linux initrd\n-00028980: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n-00028990: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 insmod:: \n-000289a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-000289b0: 6e73 6572 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a nsert a module.*\n-000289c0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a3a 2020 2020 keystatus:: \n-000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-000289e0: 6865 636b 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 heck key modifie\n-000289f0: 7220 7374 6174 7573 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 r status.* linux\n-00028a00: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00028a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n-00028a20: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c Linux kernel.* l\n-00028a30: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux16:: \n-00028a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00028a50: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-00028a60: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n-00028a70: 206c 6973 745f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 list_env:: \n-00028a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-00028a90: 6973 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e ist variables in\n-00028aa0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00028ab0: 636b 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 ck.* list_truste\n-00028ac0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-00028ad0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 7472 7573 7465 6420 List trusted \n-00028ae0: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6c6f public keys.* lo\n-00028af0: 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad_env:: \n-00028b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00028b10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 variables from \n-00028b20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00028b30: 6b0a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 2020 k.* loadfont:: \n+00028900: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2068 656c 7020 6d65 Show help me\n+00028910: 7373 6167 6573 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a ssages.* initrd:\n+00028920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028930: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n+00028940: 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 nux initrd.* ini\n+00028950: 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd16:: \n+00028960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00028970: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 a Linux initrd (\n+00028980: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2069 16-bit mode).* i\n+00028990: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsmod:: \n+000289a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 Ins\n+000289b0: 6572 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 206b ert a module.* k\n+000289c0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 eystatus:: \n+000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n+000289e0: 636b 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ck key modifier \n+000289f0: 7374 6174 7573 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a status.* linux::\n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00028a10: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n+00028a20: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e nux kernel.* lin\n+00028a30: 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux16:: \n+00028a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+00028a50: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 a Linux kernel (\n+00028a60: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 16-bit mode).* l\n+00028a70: 6973 745f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ist_env:: \n+00028a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n+00028a90: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2065 t variables in e\n+00028aa0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00028ab0: 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a .* list_trusted:\n+00028ac0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028ad0: 204c 6973 7420 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 List trusted pu\n+00028ae0: 626c 6963 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6c6f 6164 blic keys.* load\n+00028af0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env:: \n+00028b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2076 Load v\n+00028b10: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 656e ariables from en\n+00028b20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+00028b30: 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 * loadfont:: \n 00028b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028b50: 2020 4c6f 6164 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 Load font file\n-00028b60: 730a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 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6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 normal_exit:: \n-00028d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n-00028d90: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 xit from normal \n-00028da0: 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a mode.* parttool:\n-00028db0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00028dc0: 2020 2020 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 Modify part\n-00028dd0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 ition table entr\n-00028de0: 6965 730a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a ies.* password::\n+00028c60: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n+00028c70: 636b 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f ck MD5 hash.* mo\n+00028c80: 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule:: \n+00028c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n+00028ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 module for mult\n+00028cb0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d iboot kernel.* m\n+00028cc0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot:: \n+00028cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00028ce0: 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 d multiboot comp\n+00028cf0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e liant kernel.* n\n+00028d00: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 ativedisk:: \n+00028d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 Swi\n+00028d20: 7463 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 tch to native di\n+00028d30: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 sk drivers.* nor\n+00028d40: 6d61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mal:: \n+00028d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 Enter\n+00028d60: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e normal mode.* n\n+00028d70: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 ormal_exit:: \n+00028d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 Exi\n+00028d90: 7420 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f t from normal mo\n+00028da0: 6465 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 de.* parttool:: \n+00028db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00028dc0: 2020 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 Modify partit\n+00028dd0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 ion table entrie\n+00028de0: 730a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 s.* password:: \n 00028df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028e00: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d Set a clear-\n-00028e10: 7465 7874 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 text password.* \n-00028e20: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a password_pbkdf2:\n-00028e30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 : Se\n-00028e40: 7420 6120 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 t a hashed passw\n-00028e50: 6f72 640a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 ord.* play:: \n+00028e00: 2020 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 Set a clear-te\n+00028e10: 7874 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 xt password.* pa\n+00028e20: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 ssword_pbkdf2:: \n+00028e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+00028e40: 6120 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 a hashed passwor\n+00028e50: 640a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 d.* play:: \n 00028e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028e70: 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a Play a tune.\n-00028e80: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * probe:: \n-00028e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028ea0: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 Retrieve device \n-00028eb0: 696e 666f 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 info.* rdmsr:: \n+00028e70: 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a 2a20 Play a tune.* \n+00028e80: 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe:: \n+00028e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00028ea0: 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e trieve device in\n+00028eb0: 666f 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 fo.* rdmsr:: \n 00028ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028ed0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 Read values\n-00028ee0: 2066 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 from model-spec\n-00028ef0: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a ific registers.*\n-00028f00: 2072 6561 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 read:: \n-00028f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-00028f20: 6561 6420 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a ead user input.*\n-00028f30: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 reboot:: \n-00028f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-00028f50: 6562 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 eboot your compu\n-00028f60: 7465 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 ter.* regexp:: \n+00028ed0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 Read values f\n+00028ee0: 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 rom model-specif\n+00028ef0: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 ic registers.* r\n+00028f00: 6561 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ead:: \n+00028f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 Rea\n+00028f20: 6420 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 d user input.* r\n+00028f30: 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot:: \n+00028f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 Reb\n+00028f50: 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 oot your compute\n+00028f60: 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 r.* regexp:: \n 00028f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028f80: 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 Test if regu\n-00028f90: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d lar expression m\n-00028fa0: 6174 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 atches string.* \n-00028fb0: 726d 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod:: \n-00028fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-00028fd0: 6d6f 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 move a module.* \n-00028fe0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 save_env:: \n-00028ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 Sa\n-00029000: 7665 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 ve variables to \n-00029010: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00029020: 6b0a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 k.* search:: \n+00028f80: 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 Test if regula\n+00028f90: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 r expression mat\n+00028fa0: 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d ches string.* rm\n+00028fb0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n+00028fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+00028fd0: 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 ve a module.* sa\n+00028fe0: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env:: \n+00028ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 Save\n+00029000: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e variables to en\n+00029010: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+00029020: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * search:: \n 00029030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029040: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 Search devices\n-00029050: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c by file, label,\n-00029060: 206f 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b or UUID.* sendk\n-00029070: 6579 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey:: \n-00029080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 Emulate\n-00029090: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 keystrokes.* se\n-000290a0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-000290b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-000290c0: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-000290d0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 ariable.* sha1su\n-000290e0: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n-000290f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n-00029100: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 or check SHA1 ha\n-00029110: 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a sh.* sha256sum::\n+00029040: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n+00029050: 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f y file, label, o\n+00029060: 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 r UUID.* sendkey\n+00029070: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029080: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b Emulate k\n+00029090: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a eystrokes.* set:\n+000290a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000290b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e Set an\n+000290c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000290d0: 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a iable.* sha1sum:\n+000290e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000290f0: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+00029100: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 check SHA1 hash\n+00029110: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha256sum:: \n 00029120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029130: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-00029140: 6563 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a eck SHA256 hash.\n-00029150: 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 * sha512sum:: \n-00029160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029170: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n-00029180: 2053 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 SHA512 hash.* s\n-00029190: 6c65 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep:: \n-000291a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 Wai\n-000291b0: 7420 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 t for a specifie\n-000291c0: 6420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f d number of seco\n-000291d0: 6e64 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 nds.* smbios:: \n+00029130: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+00029140: 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 k SHA256 hash.* \n+00029150: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 sha512sum:: \n+00029160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n+00029170: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n+00029180: 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 HA512 hash.* sle\n+00029190: 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ep:: \n+000291a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 Wait \n+000291b0: 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 for a specified \n+000291c0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n+000291d0: 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* smbios:: \n 000291e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000291f0: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 Retrieve SMB\n-00029200: 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a IOS information.\n-00029210: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * source:: \n-00029220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029230: 5265 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Read a configura\n-00029240: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d tion file in sam\n-00029250: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 e context.* test\n-00029260: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n-00029280: 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 file types and c\n-00029290: 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 ompare values.* \n-000292a0: 7472 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true:: \n-000292b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n-000292c0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 nothing, succes\n-000292d0: 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a sfully.* trust::\n+000291f0: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f Retrieve SMBIO\n+00029200: 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 S information.* \n+00029210: 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source:: \n+00029220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00029230: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n+00029240: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 on file in same \n+00029250: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a context.* test::\n+00029260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 Check fi\n+00029280: 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d le types and com\n+00029290: 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 pare values.* tr\n+000292a0: 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue:: \n+000292b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e Do n\n+000292c0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 othing, successf\n+000292d0: 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 ully.* trust:: \n 000292e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000292f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 Add publi\n-00029300: 6320 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 c key to list of\n-00029310: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 trusted keys.* \n-00029320: 756e 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset:: \n-00029330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e Un\n-00029340: 7365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 set an environme\n-00029350: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 nt variable.* ve\n-00029360: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 rify_detached:: \n-00029370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 Veri\n-00029380: 6679 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 fy detached digi\n-00029390: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 tal signature.* \n-000293a0: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 videoinfo:: \n-000293b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-000293c0: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n-000293d0: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 eo modes.* wrmsr\n-000293e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000293f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 Write v\n-00029400: 616c 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 alues to model-s\n-00029410: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 pecific register\n-00029420: 730a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 s.* xen_hypervis\n-00029430: 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or:: \n-00029440: 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 Load xen hyper\n-00029450: 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e visor binary (on\n-00029460: 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a ly on AArch64).*\n-00029470: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 xen_module:: \n-00029480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-00029490: 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 oad xen modules \n-000294a0: 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 for xen hypervis\n-000294b0: 6f72 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 or (only on AArc\n-000294c0: 6836 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 h64)....File: gr\n-000294d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000294e0: 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 [, Next: acpi, \n-000294f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00029500: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-00029510: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-00029520: 3120 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 1 [.--------.. -\n-00029530: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 - Command: [ exp\n-00029540: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 ression ]. A\n-00029550: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 2027 7465 7374 2045 lias for 'test E\n-00029560: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 XPRESSION' (*not\n-00029570: 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e test::).....Fi\n-00029580: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00029590: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 Node: acpi, Nex\n-000295a0: 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c t: authenticate,\n-000295b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: [, Up: \n-000295c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-000295d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-000295e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 2061 6370 ands..16.3.2 acp\n-000295f0: 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 i.-----------.. \n-00029600: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 -- Command: acpi\n-00029610: 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c [-1|-2] [--excl\n-00029620: 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d ude=table1,...|-\n-00029630: 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 -load-only=table\n-00029640: 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1,...]. \n-00029650: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d [--oemid=id] [-\n-00029660: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d -oemtable=table]\n-00029670: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d [--oemtablerev=\n-00029680: 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b rev]. [\n-00029690: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f --oemtablecreato\n-000296a0: 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 r=creator] [--oe\n-000296b0: 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 mtablecreatorrev\n-000296c0: 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =rev]. \n-000296d0: 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 [--no-ebda] file\n-000296e0: 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f name .... Mo\n-000296f0: 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d dern BIOS system\n-00029700: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 s normally imple\n-00029710: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 ment the Advance\n-00029720: 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a d Configuration.\n-00029730: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 and Power I\n-00029740: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c nterface (ACPI),\n-00029750: 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 and define vari\n-00029760: 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 ous tables that \n-00029770: 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 describe. th\n-00029780: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 e interface betw\n-00029790: 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 een an ACPI-comp\n-000297a0: 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 liant operating \n-000297b0: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 system and the. \n-000297c0: 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 firmware. I\n-000297d0: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n some cases, th\n-000297e0: 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 e tables provide\n-000297f0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c d by default onl\n-00029800: 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c y work. well\n-00029810: 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 with certain op\n-00029820: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-00029830: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e and it may be n\n-00029840: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ecessary to. \n-00029850: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 replace some of\n-00029860: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 them... Nor\n-00029870: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d mally, this comm\n-00029880: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 and will replace\n-00029890: 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d the Root System\n-000298a0: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 Description. \n-000298b0: 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 Pointer (RSDP)\n-000298c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 in the Extended\n-000298d0: 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 BIOS Data Area \n-000298e0: 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 to point to the \n-000298f0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e new. tables.\n-00029900: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 If the '--no-e\n-00029910: 6264 6127 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 bda' option is u\n-00029920: 7365 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 sed, the new tab\n-00029930: 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 les will be. \n-00029940: 206b 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 known only to G\n-00029950: 5255 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 RUB, but may be \n-00029960: 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 used by GRUB's E\n-00029970: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 FI emulation... \n-00029980: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00029990: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-000299a0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-000299b0: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-000299c0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-000299d0: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 own::). Otherwi\n-000299e0: 7365 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 se an attacker c\n-000299f0: 616e 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 an instruct the \n-00029a00: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 GRUB to load. \n-00029a10: 2020 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 an SSDT table \n-00029a20: 746f 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 to overwrite the\n-00029a30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e kernel lockdown\n-00029a40: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n-00029a50: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f nd. later lo\n-00029a60: 6164 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 ad and execute u\n-00029a70: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f nsigned code....\n-00029a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00029a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 , Node: authent\n-00029aa0: 6963 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 icate, Next: ba\n-00029ab0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ckground_color, \n-00029ac0: 2050 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 Prev: acpi, Up\n-00029ad0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00029ae0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00029af0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 2061 mmands..16.3.3 a\n-00029b00: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d uthenticate.----\n-00029b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00029b20: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 . -- Command: au\n-00029b30: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 thenticate [user\n-00029b40: 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b list]. Check\n-00029b50: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 whether user is\n-00029b60: 2069 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 in USERLIST or \n-00029b70: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 listed in the va\n-00029b80: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 lue of. vari\n-00029b90: 6162 6c65 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 able 'superusers\n-00029ba0: 272e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 '. See *note su\n-00029bb0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 perusers:: for v\n-00029bc0: 616c 6964 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 alid user list. \n-00029bd0: 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 format. If \n-00029be0: 2773 7570 6572 7573 6572 7327 2069 7320 'superusers' is \n-00029bf0: 656d 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d empty, this comm\n-00029c00: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 and returns true\n-00029c10: 2e0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 .. *Note Sec\n-00029c20: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n-00029c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00029c40: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 de: background_c\n-00029c50: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 olor, Next: bac\n-00029c60: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n-00029c70: 5072 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Prev: authentica\n-00029c80: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te, Up: Command\n-00029c90: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-00029ca0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-00029cb0: 362e 332e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 6.3.4 background\n-00029cc0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _color.---------\n-00029cd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00029ce0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 -- Command: bac\n-00029cf0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f kground_color co\n-00029d00: 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 lor. Set bac\n-00029d10: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f kground color fo\n-00029d20: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n-00029d30: 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f l. For valid co\n-00029d40: 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 lor. specifi\n-00029d50: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 cations see *not\n-00029d60: 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 e Colors: Theme \n-00029d70: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 file format. Ba\n-00029d80: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f ckground. co\n-00029d90: 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 lor can be chang\n-00029da0: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 ed only when usi\n-00029db0: 6e67 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2066 6f72 ng 'gfxterm' for\n-00029dc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n-00029dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-00029de0: 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 mand sets color \n-00029df0: 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 of empty areas w\n-00029e00: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 ithout text. Te\n-00029e10: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 xt. backgrou\n-00029e20: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 nd color is cont\n-00029e30: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f rolled by enviro\n-00029e40: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00029e50: 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 COLOR_NORMA\n-00029e60: 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 L, COLOR_HIGHLIG\n-00029e70: 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e HT, MENU_COLOR_N\n-00029e80: 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 ORMAL,. MENU\n-00029e90: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 _COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n-00029ea0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c . *Note Special\n-00029eb0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00029ec0: 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iables::.....Fil\n-00029ed0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00029ee0: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n-00029ef0: 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 image, Next: ba\n-00029f00: 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 dram, Prev: bac\n-00029f10: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 kground_color, \n-00029f20: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00029f30: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-00029f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 commands..16.3.5\n-00029f50: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n-00029f60: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00029f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00029f80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 ommand: backgrou\n-00029f90: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 nd_image [[--mod\n-00029fa0: 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c e stretch|normal\n-00029fb0: 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ] file]. Loa\n-00029fc0: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 d background ima\n-00029fd0: 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 ge for active te\n-00029fe0: 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 rminal from FILE\n-00029ff0: 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 . Image is. \n-0002a000: 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 stretched to fi\n-0002a010: 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 ll up entire scr\n-0002a020: 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f een unless optio\n-0002a030: 6e20 272d 2d6d 6f64 6527 2027 6e6f 726d n '--mode' 'norm\n-0002a040: 616c 270a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 al'. is give\n-0002a050: 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 n. Without argu\n-0002a060: 6d65 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 ments remove cur\n-0002a070: 7265 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 rently loaded ba\n-0002a080: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d ckground. im\n-0002a090: 6167 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 age. Background\n-0002a0a0: 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 image can be ch\n-0002a0b0: 616e 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 anged only when \n-0002a0c0: 7573 696e 6720 2767 6678 7465 726d 270a using 'gfxterm'.\n-0002a0d0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 for termina\n-0002a0e0: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c l output.....Fil\n-0002a0f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002a100: 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: badram, Ne\n-0002a110: 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 xt: blocklist, \n-0002a120: 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Prev: background\n-0002a130: 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d _image, Up: Com\n-0002a140: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002a150: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002a160: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3620 6261 6472 616d s..16.3.6 badram\n-0002a170: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-0002a180: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 -- Command: bad\n-0002a190: 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 ram addr,mask[,a\n-0002a1a0: 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 ddr,mask...]. \n-0002a1b0: 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 Filter out bad\n-0002a1c0: 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 RAM... This\n-0002a1d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n-0002a1e0: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n-0002a1f0: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n-0002a200: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n-0002a210: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n-0002a220: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n-0002a230: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 (usually, becau\n-0002a240: 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 se they're damag\n-0002a250: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 ed).. This r\n-0002a260: 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 emains in effect\n-0002a270: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 after a payload\n-0002a280: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e kernel has been\n-0002a290: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 loaded by. \n-0002a2a0: 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 GRUB, as long as\n-0002a2b0: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e the loaded kern\n-0002a2c0: 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d el obtains its m\n-0002a2d0: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 emory map from. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c GRUB. Kernel\n-0002a2f0: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 s that support t\n-0002a300: 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 his include Linu\n-0002a310: 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 x, GNU Mach, the\n-0002a320: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 kernel. of \n-0002a330: 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 FreeBSD and Mult\n-0002a340: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e iboot kernels in\n-0002a350: 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 general... \n-0002a360: 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 Syntax is the sa\n-0002a370: 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 me as provided b\n-0002a380: 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b y the Memtest86+\n-0002a390: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 utility. (h\n-0002a3a0: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 ttp://www.memtes\n-0002a3b0: 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 t.org/): a list \n-0002a3c0: 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 of address/mask \n-0002a3d0: 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a pairs. Given a.\n-0002a3e0: 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 page-aligne\n-0002a3f0: 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 d address and a \n-0002a400: 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d base address / m\n-0002a410: 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c ask pair, if all\n-0002a420: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f the. bits o\n-0002a430: 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e f the page-align\n-0002a440: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 ed address that \n-0002a450: 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 are enabled by t\n-0002a460: 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 he mask match. \n-0002a470: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 with the base\n-0002a480: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 address, it mea\n-0002a490: 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 ns this page is \n-0002a4a0: 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 to be filtered. \n-0002a4b0: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 This. synta\n-0002a4c0: 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 x makes it easy \n-0002a4d0: 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 to represent pat\n-0002a4e0: 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f terns that are o\n-0002a4f0: 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 ften result of. \n-0002a500: 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 memory damag\n-0002a510: 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 e, due to physic\n-0002a520: 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 al distribution \n-0002a530: 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e of memory cells.\n-0002a540: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 .. The comma\n-0002a550: 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f nd is similar to\n-0002a560: 2027 6375 746d 656d 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'cutmem' comman\n-0002a570: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 d... Note: T\n-0002a580: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-0002a590: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-0002a5a0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-0002a5b0: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-0002a5c0: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n-0002a5d0: 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f is prevents remo\n-0002a5e0: 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ving EFI memory \n-0002a5f0: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 regions to. \n-0002a600: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 potentially subv\n-0002a610: 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 ert the security\n-0002a620: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 mechanisms prov\n-0002a630: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 ided by the UEFI\n-0002a640: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f . secure boo\n-0002a650: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-0002a660: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c .info, Node: bl\n-0002a670: 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ocklist, Next: \n-0002a680: 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 boot, Prev: bad\n-0002a690: 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ram, Up: Comman\n-0002a6a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n-0002a6b0: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n-0002a6c0: 3136 2e33 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 16.3.7 blocklist\n-0002a6d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002a6e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002a6f0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 blocklist file. \n-0002a700: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 Print a bloc\n-0002a710: 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c k list (*note Bl\n-0002a720: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n-0002a730: 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a :) for FILE.....\n-0002a740: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002a750: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: boot, N\n-0002a760: 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cat, Prev:\n-0002a770: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a blocklist, Up:\n-0002a780: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-0002a790: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-0002a7a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3820 626f mands..16.3.8 bo\n-0002a7b0: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a ot.-----------..\n-0002a7c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f -- Command: boo\n-0002a7d0: 740a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 t. Boot the \n-0002a7e0: 4f53 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 OS or chain-load\n-0002a7f0: 6572 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 er which has bee\n-0002a800: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 n loaded. Only \n-0002a810: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 necessary. i\n-0002a820: 6620 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 f running the fu\n-0002a830: 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 lly interactive \n-0002a840: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 command-line (it\n-0002a850: 2069 7320 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a is implicit at.\n-0002a860: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 the end of \n-0002a870: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a a menu entry)...\n-0002a880: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002a890: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 o, Node: cat, \n-0002a8a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 Next: chainloade\n-0002a8b0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 r, Prev: boot, \n-0002a8c0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002a8d0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-0002a8e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-0002a8f0: 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 cat.----------\n-0002a900: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002a910: 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a at [--dos] file.\n-0002a920: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n-0002a930: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-0002a940: 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 file FILE. Thi\n-0002a950: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 s command may be\n-0002a960: 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 useful. to \n-0002a970: 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f remind you of yo\n-0002a980: 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 ur OS's root par\n-0002a990: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-0002a9a0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 grub> cat /et\n-0002a9b0: 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 c/fstab.. If\n-0002a9c0: 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 646f 7327 206f 7074 the '--dos' opt\n-0002a9d0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n-0002a9e0: 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 n carriage retur\n-0002a9f0: 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 n / new line. \n-0002aa00: 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 pairs will be \n-0002aa10: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 displayed as a s\n-0002aa20: 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 imple new line. \n-0002aa30: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a Otherwise, the.\n-0002aa40: 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 carriage re\n-0002aa50: 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 turn will be dis\n-0002aa60: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 played as a cont\n-0002aa70: 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 2827 rol character ('\n-0002aa80: 3c64 3e27 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ') to. ma\n-0002aa90: 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ke it easier to \n-0002aaa0: 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 see when boot pr\n-0002aab0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 oblems are cause\n-0002aac0: 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 d by a file. \n-0002aad0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 formatted using\n-0002aae0: 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 DOS-style line \n-0002aaf0: 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 endings.....File\n-0002ab00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002ab10: 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c de: chainloader,\n-0002ab20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 Next: clear, \n-0002ab30: 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: cat, Up: \n-0002ab40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002ab50: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002ab60: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3020 6368 ands..16.3.10 ch\n-0002ab70: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ainloader.------\n-0002ab80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002ab90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 -- Command: chai\n-0002aba0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 nloader [--force\n-0002abb0: 5d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ] file. Load\n-0002abc0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e FILE as a chain\n-0002abd0: 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 -loader. Like a\n-0002abe0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f ny other file lo\n-0002abf0: 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 aded by the. \n-0002ac00: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 filesystem code\n-0002ac10: 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 , it can use the\n-0002ac20: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 blocklist notat\n-0002ac30: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b ion (*note Block\n-0002ac40: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 . list synta\n-0002ac50: 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 x::) to grab the\n-0002ac60: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n-0002ac70: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 the current par\n-0002ac80: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 tition. with\n-0002ac90: 2027 2b31 272e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 '+1'. If you s\n-0002aca0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f pecify the optio\n-0002acb0: 6e20 272d 2d66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 n '--force', the\n-0002acc0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 n load FILE. \n-0002acd0: 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 2077 6865 7468 forcibly, wheth\n-0002ace0: 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 er it has a corr\n-0002acf0: 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 ect signature or\n-0002ad00: 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 not. This is. \n-0002ad10: 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 required whe\n-0002ad20: 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f n you want to lo\n-0002ad30: 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 ad a defective b\n-0002ad40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 oot loader, such\n-0002ad50: 2061 7320 5343 4f0a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 as SCO. Uni\n-0002ad60: 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 xWare 7.1.....Fi\n-0002ad70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002ad80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 Node: clear, Ne\n-0002ad90: 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 xt: cmosclean, \n-0002ada0: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 Prev: chainloade\n-0002adb0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d r, Up: Command-\n-0002adc0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-0002add0: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-0002ade0: 2e33 2e31 3120 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d .3.11 clear.----\n-0002adf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002ae00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 ommand: clear. \n-0002ae10: 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 Clear the scr\n-0002ae20: 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 een.....File: gr\n-0002ae30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002ae40: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 cmosclean, Next\n-0002ae50: 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 : cmosdump, Pre\n-0002ae60: 763a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: clear, Up: C\n-0002ae70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002ae80: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002ae90: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3132 2063 6d6f nds..16.3.12 cmo\n-0002aea0: 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sclean.---------\n-0002aeb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002aec0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e mmand: cmosclean\n-0002aed0: 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 byte:bit. C\n-0002aee0: 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 lear value of bi\n-0002aef0: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n-0002af00: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n-0002af10: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002af20: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n-0002af30: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n-0002af40: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 s that support C\n-0002af50: 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 MOS.....File: gr\n-0002af60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002af70: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmosdump, Next:\n-0002af80: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 cmostest, Prev\n-0002af90: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 : cmosclean, Up\n-0002afa0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002afb0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002afc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3320 mmands..16.3.13 \n-0002afd0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosdump.-------\n-0002afe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 ---------.. -- D\n-0002aff0: 756d 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e ump: CMOS conten\n-0002b000: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c ts. Dump ful\n-0002b010: 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 l CMOS contents \n-0002b020: 6173 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 as hexadecimal v\n-0002b030: 616c 7565 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d alues. This com\n-0002b040: 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mand is. ava\n-0002b050: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 ilable only on p\n-0002b060: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 latforms that su\n-0002b070: 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 pport CMOS.....F\n-0002b080: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002b090: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Node: cmostest,\n-0002b0a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 Next: cmp, Pr\n-0002b0b0: 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 ev: cmosdump, U\n-0002b0c0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002b0d0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002b0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3134 ommands..16.3.14\n-0002b0f0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmostest.------\n-0002b100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002b110: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 Command: cmostes\n-0002b120: 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 t byte:bit. \n-0002b130: 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 Test value of bi\n-0002b140: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n-0002b150: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n-0002b160: 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a Exit status is.\n-0002b170: 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 zero if bit\n-0002b180: 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 is set, non zer\n-0002b190: 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 o otherwise. Th\n-0002b1a0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 is command is av\n-0002b1b0: 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ailable. onl\n-0002b1c0: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 y on platforms t\n-0002b1d0: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 hat support CMOS\n-0002b1e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002b1f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 info, Node: cmp\n-0002b200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Next: configf\n-0002b210: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 ile, Prev: cmos\n-0002b220: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n-0002b230: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002b240: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002b250: 0a31 362e 332e 3135 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d .16.3.15 cmp.---\n-0002b260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002b270: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d70 2066 696c 6531 mmand: cmp file1\n-0002b280: 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 file2. Comp\n-0002b290: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c are the file FIL\n-0002b2a0: 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 E1 with the file\n-0002b2b0: 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 FILE2. If they\n-0002b2c0: 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 differ in. \n-0002b2d0: 7369 7a65 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 size, print the \n-0002b2e0: 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a sizes like this:\n-0002b2f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 .. Diff\n-0002b300: 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 er in size: 0x12\n-0002b310: 3334 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 34 [foo], 0x4321\n-0002b320: 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 [bar].. If \n-0002b330: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 the sizes are eq\n-0002b340: 7561 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 ual but the byte\n-0002b350: 7320 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 s at an offset d\n-0002b360: 6966 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 iffer, then. \n-0002b370: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 print the bytes\n-0002b380: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0002b390: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 Differ at\n-0002b3a0: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a the offset 777:\n-0002b3b0: 2030 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 0xbe [foo], 0xe\n-0002b3c0: 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 f [bar].. If\n-0002b3d0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 they are comple\n-0002b3e0: 7465 6c79 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 tely identical, \n-0002b3f0: 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 nothing will be \n-0002b400: 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 printed.....File\n-0002b410: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002b420: 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 de: configfile, \n-0002b430: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 Next: cpuid, P\n-0002b440: 7265 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: cmp, Up: C\n-0002b450: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002b460: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002b470: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3136 2063 6f6e nds..16.3.16 con\n-0002b480: 6669 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d figfile.--------\n-0002b490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002b4a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 Command: configf\n-0002b4b0: 696c 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ile file. Lo\n-0002b4c0: 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e ad FILE as a con\n-0002b4d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e figuration file.\n-0002b4e0: 2020 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 If FILE define\n-0002b4f0: 7320 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 s any menu. \n-0002b500: 656e 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 entries, then sh\n-0002b510: 6f77 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 ow a menu contai\n-0002b520: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 ning them immedi\n-0002b530: 6174 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 ately. Any. \n-0002b540: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002b550: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 iable changes ma\n-0002b560: 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e de by the comman\n-0002b570: 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 ds in FILE will \n-0002b580: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 not. be pres\n-0002b590: 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 2763 6f6e erved after 'con\n-0002b5a0: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2072 6574 7572 6e73 figfile' returns\n-0002b5b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002b5c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 info, Node: cpu\n-0002b5d0: 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 id, Next: crc, \n-0002b5e0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Prev: configfil\n-0002b5f0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-0002b600: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-0002b610: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-0002b620: 2e33 2e31 3720 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d .3.17 cpuid.----\n-0002b630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002b640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d ommand: cpuid [-\n-0002b650: 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 l] [-p]. Che\n-0002b660: 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 ck for CPU featu\n-0002b670: 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 res. This comma\n-0002b680: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002b690: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 able on x86. \n-0002b6a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 systems... \n-0002b6b0: 5769 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d6c 2720 6f70 With the '-l' op\n-0002b6c0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 tion, return tru\n-0002b6d0: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 e if the CPU sup\n-0002b6e0: 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a ports long mode.\n-0002b6f0: 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a (64-bit)...\n-0002b700: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d With the '-\n-0002b710: 7027 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 p' option, retur\n-0002b720: 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 n true if the CP\n-0002b730: 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 U supports Physi\n-0002b740: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 cal. Address\n-0002b750: 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 Extension (PAE)\n-0002b760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b ... If invok\n-0002b770: 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f ed without optio\n-0002b780: 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ns, this command\n-0002b790: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 currently behav\n-0002b7a0: 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 es as if it. \n-0002b7b0: 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 had been invoke\n-0002b7c0: 6420 7769 7468 2027 2d6c 272e 2020 5468 d with '-l'. Th\n-0002b7d0: 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e is may change in\n-0002b7e0: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a the future.....\n-0002b7f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002b800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 Node: crc, Ne\n-0002b810: 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c xt: cryptomount,\n-0002b820: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Prev: cpuid, \n-0002b830: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002b840: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002b850: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 commands..16.3.1\n-0002b860: 3820 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 crc.----------\n-0002b870: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002b880: 6372 6320 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 crc arg .... \n-0002b890: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6861 7368 Alias for 'hash\n-0002b8a0: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 sum --hash crc32\n-0002b8b0: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 arg ...'. See \n-0002b8c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d command 'hashsum\n-0002b8d0: 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 '. (*note ha\n-0002b8e0: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-0002b8f0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-0002b900: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002b910: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f o, Node: crypto\n-0002b920: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 mount, Next: cu\n-0002b930: 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 tmem, Prev: crc\n-0002b940: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002b950: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002b960: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002b970: 332e 3139 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3.19 cryptomount\n-0002b980: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002b990: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b9a0: 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2064 d: cryptomount d\n-0002b9b0: 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 evice|-u uuid|-a\n-0002b9c0: 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 |-b. Setup a\n-0002b9d0: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ccess to encrypt\n-0002b9e0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 206e ed device. If n\n-0002b9f0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2c20 7061 7373 7068 ecessary, passph\n-0002ba00: 7261 7365 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6571 rase is. req\n-0002ba10: 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 uested interacti\n-0002ba20: 7665 6c79 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4445 vely. Option DE\n-0002ba30: 5649 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 VICE configures \n-0002ba40: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2067 7275 620a 2020 specific grub. \n-0002ba50: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 device (*note\n-0002ba60: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n-0002ba70: 6f6e 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d on::); option '-\n-0002ba80: 7527 2055 5549 4420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 u' UUID configur\n-0002ba90: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 es. device w\n-0002baa0: 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 ith specified UU\n-0002bab0: 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d61 2720 ID; option '-a' \n-0002bac0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2064 configures all d\n-0002bad0: 6574 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 etected. enc\n-0002bae0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 rypted devices; \n-0002baf0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d62 2720 636f 6e66 option '-b' conf\n-0002bb00: 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 6920 igures all geli \n-0002bb10: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 740a containers that.\n-0002bb20: 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 have boot f\n-0002bb30: 6c61 6720 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 lag set... G\n-0002bb40: 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 RUB suports devi\n-0002bb50: 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 ces encrypted us\n-0002bb60: 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 ing LUKS, LUKS2 \n-0002bb70: 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a and geli. Note.\n-0002bb80: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 that necess\n-0002bb90: 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b ary modules (LUK\n-0002bba0: 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c S, LUKS2 and GEL\n-0002bbb0: 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f I) have to be lo\n-0002bbc0: 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c aded. manual\n-0002bbd0: 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 ly before this c\n-0002bbe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ommand can be us\n-0002bbf0: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f ed. For LUKS2 o\n-0002bc00: 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b nly the. PBK\n-0002bc10: 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 DF2 key derivati\n-0002bc20: 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 on function is s\n-0002bc30: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 upported, as Arg\n-0002bc40: 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 on2 is not yet. \n-0002bc50: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a supported...\n-0002bc60: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 206e 6f74 6520 Also, note \n-0002bc70: 7468 6174 2c20 756e 6c69 6b65 2066 696c that, unlike fil\n-0002bc80: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 732c 2055 esystem UUIDs, U\n-0002bc90: 5549 4473 2066 6f72 2065 6e63 7279 7074 UIDs for encrypt\n-0002bca0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 7320 ed. devices \n-0002bcb0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 must be specifie\n-0002bcc0: 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6461 7368 2073 d without dash s\n-0002bcd0: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 eparators.....Fi\n-0002bce0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002bcf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e Node: cutmem, N\n-0002bd00: 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 ext: date, Prev\n-0002bd10: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n-0002bd20: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002bd30: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002bd40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 commands..16.3.2\n-0002bd50: 3020 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 cutmem.-------\n-0002bd60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002bd70: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f mand: cutmem fro\n-0002bd80: 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c m[K|M|G] to[K|M|\n-0002bd90: 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 G]. Remove a\n-0002bda0: 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e ny memory region\n-0002bdb0: 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 s in specified r\n-0002bdc0: 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ange... This\n-0002bdd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 command notifie\n-0002bde0: 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e s the memory man\n-0002bdf0: 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 ager that specif\n-0002be00: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 ied regions of. \n-0002be10: 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f RAM ought to\n-0002be20: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 be filtered out\n-0002be30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 . This remains \n-0002be40: 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 in effect after \n-0002be50: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b a. payload k\n-0002be60: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n-0002be70: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 oaded by GRUB, a\n-0002be80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f s long as the lo\n-0002be90: 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c aded. kernel\n-0002bea0: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n-0002beb0: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 ory map from GRU\n-0002bec0: 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 B. Kernels that \n-0002bed0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 support this. \n-0002bee0: 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c include Linux,\n-0002bef0: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b GNU Mach, the k\n-0002bf00: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n-0002bf10: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 and Multiboot. \n-0002bf20: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 kernels in g\n-0002bf30: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 eneral... Th\n-0002bf40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d e command is sim\n-0002bf50: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6164 7261 6d27 ilar to 'badram'\n-0002bf60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n-0002bf70: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-0002bf80: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-0002bf90: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-0002bfa0: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-0002bfb0: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-0002bfc0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e :). This preven\n-0002bfd0: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 ts removing EFI \n-0002bfe0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 memory regions t\n-0002bff0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c o. potential\n-0002c000: 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 ly subvert the s\n-0002c010: 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ecurity mechanis\n-0002c020: 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 ms provided by t\n-0002c030: 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 he UEFI. sec\n-0002c040: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure boot.....Fil\n-0002c050: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002c060: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: date, Next\n-0002c070: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 : devicetree, P\n-0002c080: 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: cutmem, Up\n-0002c090: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002c0a0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002c0b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3120 mmands..16.3.21 \n-0002c0c0: 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d date.-----------\n-0002c0d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002c0e0: 6461 7465 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e date [[year-]mon\n-0002c0f0: 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 th-day] [hour:mi\n-0002c100: 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 nute[:second]]. \n-0002c110: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n-0002c120: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 ments, print the\n-0002c130: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n-0002c140: 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 d time... Ot\n-0002c150: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 herwise, take th\n-0002c160: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 e current date a\n-0002c170: 6e64 2074 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 nd time, change \n-0002c180: 616e 7920 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 any elements. \n-0002c190: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 specified as a\n-0002c1a0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 rguments, and se\n-0002c1b0: 7420 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 t the result as \n-0002c1c0: 7468 6520 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 the new date and\n-0002c1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 . time. For\n-0002c1e0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 example, 'date \n-0002c1f0: 3031 2d30 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 01-01' will set \n-0002c200: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 the current mont\n-0002c210: 6820 616e 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 h and day. t\n-0002c220: 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 o January 1, but\n-0002c230: 206c 6561 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c leave the year,\n-0002c240: 2068 6f75 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 hour, minute, a\n-0002c250: 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 nd second. u\n-0002c260: 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c nchanged.....Fil\n-0002c270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002c280: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c ode: devicetree,\n-0002c290: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 Next: distrust\n-0002c2a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Prev: date, \n-0002c2b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002c2c0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002c2d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 commands..16.3.2\n-0002c2e0: 3220 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2 devicetree.---\n-0002c2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002c300: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 . -- Command: de\n-0002c310: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 vicetree file. \n-0002c320: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n-0002c330: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 tree blob (.dtb\n-0002c340: 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ) from a filesys\n-0002c350: 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 tem, for later u\n-0002c360: 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e se by. a Lin\n-0002c370: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 ux kernel. Does\n-0002c380: 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 not perform mer\n-0002c390: 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 ging with any de\n-0002c3a0: 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 vice tree. s\n-0002c3b0: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 upplied by firmw\n-0002c3c0: 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 are, but rather \n-0002c3d0: 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 replaces it comp\n-0002c3e0: 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f letely... No\n-0002c3f0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-0002c400: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-0002c410: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-0002c420: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-0002c430: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-0002c440: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n-0002c450: 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 to prevent subve\n-0002c460: 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 rting various se\n-0002c470: 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 curity. mech\n-0002c480: 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a anisms.....File:\n-0002c490: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002c4a0: 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 e: distrust, Ne\n-0002c4b0: 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 xt: drivemap, P\n-0002c4c0: 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c rev: devicetree,\n-0002c4d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002c4e0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002c4f0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002c500: 2e32 3320 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d .23 distrust.---\n-0002c510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002c520: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 -- Command: dist\n-0002c530: 7275 7374 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 rust pubkey_id. \n-0002c540: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 Remove publi\n-0002c550: 6320 6b65 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 c key PUBKEY_ID \n-0002c560: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 from GRUB's keyr\n-0002c570: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b ing of trusted k\n-0002c580: 6579 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 eys.. PUBKEY\n-0002c590: 5f49 4420 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 _ID is the last \n-0002c5a0: 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 four bytes (eigh\n-0002c5b0: 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 t hexadecimal di\n-0002c5c0: 6769 7473 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 gits) of the. \n-0002c5d0: 2020 4750 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c GPG v4 key id,\n-0002c5e0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 which is also t\n-0002c5f0: 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2027 6c69 he output of 'li\n-0002c600: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2720 282a 6e6f st_trusted' (*no\n-0002c610: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 te. list_tru\n-0002c620: 7374 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 sted::). Outsid\n-0002c630: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b e of GRUB, the k\n-0002c640: 6579 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 ey id can be obt\n-0002c650: 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ained using. \n-0002c660: 2027 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 'gpg --fingerpr\n-0002c670: 696e 7427 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 int'). These ke\n-0002c680: 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 ys are used to v\n-0002c690: 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 alidate signatur\n-0002c6a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 es. when env\n-0002c6b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002c6c0: 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 e 'check_signatu\n-0002c6d0: 7265 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 res' is set to '\n-0002c6e0: 656e 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a enforce'. (*\n-0002c6f0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n-0002c700: 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 tures::), and by\n-0002c710: 2073 6f6d 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e some invocation\n-0002c720: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2776 6572 6966 s of. 'verif\n-0002c730: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2720 282a 6e6f y_detached' (*no\n-0002c740: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n-0002c750: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 ed::). *Note Us\n-0002c760: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 ing digital. \n-0002c770: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-0002c780: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-0002c790: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-0002c7a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002c7b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a drivemap, Next:\n-0002c7c0: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 echo, Prev: di\n-0002c7d0: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d strust, Up: Com\n-0002c7e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002c7f0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002c800: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3234 2064 7269 7665 s..16.3.24 drive\n-0002c810: 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d map.------------\n-0002c820: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002c830: 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d d: drivemap -l|-\n-0002c840: 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 r|[-s] from_driv\n-0002c850: 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e to_drive. \n-0002c860: 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c Without options,\n-0002c870: 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 map the drive F\n-0002c880: 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 ROM_DRIVE to the\n-0002c890: 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e drive TO_DRIVE.\n-0002c8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 . This is ne\n-0002c8b0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 cessary when you\n-0002c8c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 chain-load some\n-0002c8d0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-0002c8e0: 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 ms, such. as\n-0002c8f0: 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e DOS, if such an\n-0002c900: 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 OS resides at a\n-0002c910: 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 non-first drive\n-0002c920: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 . For. conv\n-0002c930: 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 enience, any par\n-0002c940: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e tition suffix on\n-0002c950: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 the drive is ig\n-0002c960: 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 nored, so you. \n-0002c970: 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 can safely us\n-0002c980: 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 e ${root} as a d\n-0002c990: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 rive specificati\n-0002c9a0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 on... With t\n-0002c9b0: 6865 2027 2d73 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 he '-s' option, \n-0002c9c0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 perform the reve\n-0002c9d0: 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 rse mapping as w\n-0002c9e0: 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 ell, swapping. \n-0002c9f0: 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 the two drive\n-0002ca00: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n-0002ca10: 6520 272d 6c27 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c e '-l' option, l\n-0002ca20: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ist the current \n-0002ca30: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mappings... \n-0002ca40: 5769 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d72 2720 6f70 With the '-r' op\n-0002ca50: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 tion, reset all \n-0002ca60: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 mappings to the \n-0002ca70: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a default values..\n-0002ca80: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n-0002ca90: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 e:.. dr\n-0002caa0: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n-0002cab0: 2868 6431 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 (hd1)....File: g\n-0002cac0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002cad0: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 echo, Next: ev\n-0002cae0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 al, Prev: drive\n-0002caf0: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e map, Up: Comman\n-0002cb00: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n-0002cb10: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n-0002cb20: 3136 2e33 2e32 3520 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 16.3.25 echo.---\n-0002cb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002cb40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e ommand: echo [-n\n-0002cb50: 5d20 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e ] [-e] string ..\n-0002cb60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 .. Display t\n-0002cb70: 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 he requested tex\n-0002cb80: 7420 616e 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 t and, unless th\n-0002cb90: 6520 272d 6e27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 e '-n' option is\n-0002cba0: 2075 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 used, a. tr\n-0002cbb0: 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e ailing new line.\n-0002cbc0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f If there is mo\n-0002cbd0: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 re than one stri\n-0002cbe0: 6e67 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ng, they are. \n-0002cbf0: 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 separated by s\n-0002cc00: 7061 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 paces in the out\n-0002cc10: 7075 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 put. As usual i\n-0002cc20: 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c n GRUB commands,\n-0002cc30: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 . variables \n-0002cc40: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 may be substitut\n-0002cc50: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2027 247b 7661 727d ed using '${var}\n-0002cc60: 272e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d65 '... The '-e\n-0002cc70: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 ' option enables\n-0002cc80: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 interpretation \n-0002cc90: 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 of backslash esc\n-0002cca0: 6170 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 apes. The. \n-0002ccb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e following sequen\n-0002ccc0: 6365 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 ces are recognis\n-0002ccd0: 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 5c27 0a20 ed:.. '\\\\'. \n-0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 backsla\n-0002ccf0: 7368 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c61 270a 2020 sh.. '\\a'. \n-0002cd00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 alert (B\n-0002cd10: 454c 290a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6327 0a20 EL).. '\\c'. \n-0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 suppres\n-0002cd30: 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c s trailing new l\n-0002cd40: 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6627 0a20 ine.. '\\f'. \n-0002cd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 form fe\n-0002cd60: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c6e 270a 2020 ed.. '\\n'. \n-0002cd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 new line\n-0002cd80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c72 270a 2020 2020 .. '\\r'. \n-0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 carriage r\n-0002cda0: 6574 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 7427 eturn.. '\\t'\n-0002cdb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a . horiz\n-0002cdc0: 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 ontal tab.. \n-0002cdd0: 275c 7627 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 '\\v'. v\n-0002cde0: 6572 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 ertical tab.. \n-0002cdf0: 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 When interpret\n-0002ce00: 696e 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 ing backslash es\n-0002ce10: 6361 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 capes, backslash\n-0002ce20: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 followed by any\n-0002ce30: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 . other char\n-0002ce40: 6163 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 acter will print\n-0002ce50: 2074 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e that character.\n-0002ce60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ce70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c nfo, Node: eval\n-0002ce80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c , Next: export,\n-0002ce90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 Prev: echo, U\n-0002cea0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002ceb0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002cec0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3236 ommands..16.3.26\n-0002ced0: 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eval.----------\n-0002cee0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002cef0: 2065 7661 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e eval string ...\n-0002cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 . Concatenat\n-0002cf10: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 e arguments toge\n-0002cf20: 7468 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c ther using singl\n-0002cf30: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 e space as separ\n-0002cf40: 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 ator and. ev\n-0002cf50: 616c 7561 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 aluate result as\n-0002cf60: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 sequence of GRU\n-0002cf70: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 B commands.....F\n-0002cf80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002cf90: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Node: export, \n-0002cfa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 Next: false, Pr\n-0002cfb0: 6576 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: eval, Up: C\n-0002cfc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002cfd0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002cfe0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3237 2065 7870 nds..16.3.27 exp\n-0002cff0: 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ort.------------\n-0002d000: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002d010: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 export envvar. \n-0002d020: 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 Export the e\n-0002d030: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0002d040: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 ble ENVVAR. Exp\n-0002d050: 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 orted variables \n-0002d060: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 are. visible\n-0002d070: 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 to subsidiary c\n-0002d080: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-0002d090: 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a es loaded using.\n-0002d0a0: 2020 2020 2027 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 'configfile\n-0002d0b0: 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 '.....File: grub\n-0002d0c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 .info, Node: fa\n-0002d0d0: 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 lse, Next: gett\n-0002d0e0: 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f ext, Prev: expo\n-0002d0f0: 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rt, Up: Command\n-0002d100: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002d110: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002d120: 362e 332e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 6.3.28 false.---\n-0002d130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002d140: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 Command: false. \n-0002d150: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n-0002d160: 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 unsuccessfully. \n-0002d170: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-0002d180: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f useful in contro\n-0002d190: 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 l. construct\n-0002d1a0: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 2061 s such as 'if' a\n-0002d1b0: 6e64 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 nd 'while' (*not\n-0002d1c0: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n-0002d1d0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ipting::).....Fi\n-0002d1e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002d1f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Node: gettext, \n-0002d200: 4e65 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Next: gptsync, \n-0002d210: 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 Prev: false, Up\n-0002d220: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002d230: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002d240: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3920 mmands..16.3.29 \n-0002d250: 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gettext.--------\n-0002d260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002d270: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 mand: gettext st\n-0002d280: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c ring. Transl\n-0002d290: 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 ate STRING into \n-0002d2a0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 the current lang\n-0002d2b0: 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 uage... The \n-0002d2c0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 current language\n-0002d2d0: 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 code is stored \n-0002d2e0: 696e 2074 6865 2027 6c61 6e67 2720 7661 in the 'lang' va\n-0002d2f0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 riable in. G\n-0002d300: 5255 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e RUB's environmen\n-0002d310: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 t (*note lang::)\n-0002d320: 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 . Translation f\n-0002d330: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 iles in MO forma\n-0002d340: 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 t. are read \n-0002d350: 6672 6f6d 2027 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 from 'locale_dir\n-0002d360: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f ' (*note locale_\n-0002d370: 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a dir::), usually.\n-0002d380: 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 '/boot/grub\n-0002d390: 2f6c 6f63 616c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c /locale'.....Fil\n-0002d3a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002d3b0: 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e ode: gptsync, N\n-0002d3c0: 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: halt, Prev\n-0002d3d0: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : gettext, Up: \n-0002d3e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002d3f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002d400: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3020 6770 ands..16.3.30 gp\n-0002d410: 7473 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tsync.----------\n-0002d420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002d430: 6e64 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 nd: gptsync devi\n-0002d440: 6365 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f ce [partition[+/\n-0002d450: 2d5b 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 -[type]]] .... \n-0002d460: 2020 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 Disks using t\n-0002d470: 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f he GUID Partitio\n-0002d480: 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c n Table (GPT) al\n-0002d490: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 so have a legacy\n-0002d4a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f . Master Boo\n-0002d4b0: 7420 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 t Record (MBR) p\n-0002d4c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 artition table f\n-0002d4d0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 or compatibility\n-0002d4e0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 with the. B\n-0002d4f0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 IOS and with old\n-0002d500: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n-0002d510: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 tems. The legac\n-0002d520: 7920 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 y MBR can only. \n-0002d530: 2020 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 represent a \n-0002d540: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f limited subset o\n-0002d550: 6620 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 f GPT partition \n-0002d560: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 entries... T\n-0002d570: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 his command popu\n-0002d580: 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 lates the legacy\n-0002d590: 204d 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 MBR with the sp\n-0002d5a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f ecified PARTITIO\n-0002d5b0: 4e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f N. entries o\n-0002d5c0: 6e20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f n DEVICE. Up to\n-0002d5d0: 2074 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e three partition\n-0002d5e0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a s may be used...\n-0002d5f0: 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 TYPE is an \n-0002d600: 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 MBR partition ty\n-0002d610: 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 pe code; prefix \n-0002d620: 7769 7468 2027 3078 2720 6966 2079 6f75 with '0x' if you\n-0002d630: 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e want to. en\n-0002d640: 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 ter this in hexa\n-0002d650: 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 decimal. The se\n-0002d660: 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 parator between \n-0002d670: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 PARTITION and. \n-0002d680: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 2027 TYPE may be '\n-0002d690: 2b27 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 +' to make the p\n-0002d6a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c artition active,\n-0002d6b0: 206f 7220 272d 2720 746f 206d 616b 6520 or '-' to make \n-0002d6c0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 it. inactive\n-0002d6d0: 3b20 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 ; only one parti\n-0002d6e0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 tion may be acti\n-0002d6f0: 7665 2e20 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 ve. If both the\n-0002d700: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 separator. \n-0002d710: 616e 6420 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 and type are omi\n-0002d720: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 tted, then the p\n-0002d730: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 artition will be\n-0002d740: 2069 6e61 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 inactive.....Fi\n-0002d750: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002d760: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: halt, Nex\n-0002d770: 743a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 t: hashsum, Pre\n-0002d780: 763a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a v: gptsync, Up:\n-0002d790: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-0002d7a0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-0002d7b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3331 2068 mands..16.3.31 h\n-0002d7c0: 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d alt.------------\n-0002d7d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 .. -- Command: h\n-0002d7e0: 616c 7420 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 0a20 2020 alt --no-apm. \n-0002d7f0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 The command ha\n-0002d800: 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 lts the computer\n-0002d810: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 6f2d . If the '--no-\n-0002d820: 6170 6d27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 apm' option is. \n-0002d830: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e specified, n\n-0002d840: 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 o APM BIOS call \n-0002d850: 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f is performed. O\n-0002d860: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f therwise, the co\n-0002d870: 6d70 7574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 mputer. is s\n-0002d880: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 hut down using A\n-0002d890: 504d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 PM.....File: gru\n-0002d8a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n-0002d8b0: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 ashsum, Next: h\n-0002d8c0: 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 elp, Prev: halt\n-0002d8d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002d8e0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002d8f0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002d900: 332e 3332 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 3.32 hashsum.---\n-0002d910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002d920: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 - Command: hashs\n-0002d930: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d um --hash hash -\n-0002d940: 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e -keep-going --un\n-0002d950: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b compress --check\n-0002d960: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n-0002d970: 5b2d 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 [--prefix dir]|f\n-0002d980: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d ile .... Com\n-0002d990: 7075 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 pute or verify f\n-0002d9a0: 696c 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 ile hashes. Has\n-0002d9b0: 6820 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 h type is select\n-0002d9c0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 ed with option. \n-0002d9d0: 2020 2020 272d 2d68 6173 6827 2e20 2053 '--hash'. S\n-0002d9e0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 upported hashes \n-0002d9f0: 6172 653a 2027 6164 6c65 7233 3227 2c20 are: 'adler32', \n-0002da00: 2763 7263 3634 272c 2027 6372 6333 3227 'crc64', 'crc32'\n-0002da10: 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 6372 6333 3272 6663 ,. 'crc32rfc\n-0002da20: 3135 3130 272c 2027 6372 6332 3472 6663 1510', 'crc24rfc\n-0002da30: 3234 3430 272c 2027 6d64 3427 2c20 276d 2440', 'md4', 'm\n-0002da40: 6435 272c 2027 7269 7065 6d64 3136 3027 d5', 'ripemd160'\n-0002da50: 2c20 2773 6861 3127 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 , 'sha1',. '\n-0002da60: 7368 6132 3234 272c 2027 7368 6132 3536 sha224', 'sha256\n-0002da70: 272c 2027 7368 6135 3132 272c 2027 7368 ', 'sha512', 'sh\n-0002da80: 6133 3834 272c 2027 7469 6765 7231 3932 a384', 'tiger192\n-0002da90: 272c 2027 7469 6765 7227 2c0a 2020 2020 ', 'tiger',. \n-0002daa0: 2027 7469 6765 7232 272c 2027 7768 6972 'tiger2', 'whir\n-0002dab0: 6c70 6f6f 6c27 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 lpool'. Option \n-0002dac0: 272d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7327 2075 '--uncompress' u\n-0002dad0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 ncompresses file\n-0002dae0: 730a 2020 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f s. before co\n-0002daf0: 6d70 7574 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 mputing hash... \n-0002db00: 2020 2020 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 When list of\n-0002db10: 2066 696c 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c files is given,\n-0002db20: 2068 6173 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 hash of each fi\n-0002db30: 6c65 2069 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 le is computed a\n-0002db40: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c nd. printed,\n-0002db50: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c followed by fil\n-0002db60: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c e name, each fil\n-0002db70: 6520 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e e on a new line.\n-0002db80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 .. When opti\n-0002db90: 6f6e 2027 2d2d 6368 6563 6b27 2069 7320 on '--check' is \n-0002dba0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 given, it points\n-0002dbb0: 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 to a file that \n-0002dbc0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 contains. li\n-0002dbd0: 7374 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 st of HASH NAME \n-0002dbe0: 7061 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d pairs in the sam\n-0002dbf0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 e format as used\n-0002dc00: 2062 7920 554e 4958 2027 6d64 3573 756d by UNIX 'md5sum\n-0002dc10: 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 '. command. \n-0002dc20: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d70 7265 6669 Option '--prefi\n-0002dc30: 7827 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 x' may be used t\n-0002dc40: 6f20 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 o give directory\n-0002dc50: 2077 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 where. file\n-0002dc60: 7320 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 s are located. \n-0002dc70: 4861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f Hash verificatio\n-0002dc80: 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 n stops after th\n-0002dc90: 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 e first. mis\n-0002dca0: 6d61 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 match was found \n-0002dcb0: 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d unless option '-\n-0002dcc0: 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 6727 2077 6173 -keep-going' was\n-0002dcd0: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 given. The. \n-0002dce0: 2020 6578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 2724 3f27 exit code '$?'\n-0002dcf0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 is set to 0 if \n-0002dd00: 6861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f hash verificatio\n-0002dd10: 6e20 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e n is successful.\n-0002dd20: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 If. it fai\n-0002dd30: 6c73 2c20 2724 3f27 2069 7320 7365 7420 ls, '$?' is set \n-0002dd40: 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c to a nonzero val\n-0002dd50: 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ue.....File: gru\n-0002dd60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n-0002dd70: 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 elp, Next: init\n-0002dd80: 7264 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 rd, Prev: hashs\n-0002dd90: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n-0002dda0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002ddb0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002ddc0: 362e 332e 3333 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 6.3.33 help.----\n-0002ddd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002dde0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 mmand: help [pat\n-0002ddf0: 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 tern ...]. D\n-0002de00: 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 isplay helpful i\n-0002de10: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-0002de20: 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 builtin command\n-0002de30: 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f s. If you do no\n-0002de40: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 t. specify P\n-0002de50: 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d ATTERN, this com\n-0002de60: 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 mand shows short\n-0002de70: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 descriptions of\n-0002de80: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 all. availa\n-0002de90: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 ble commands... \n-0002dea0: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 If you speci\n-0002deb0: 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c fy any PATTERNS,\n-0002dec0: 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e it displays lon\n-0002ded0: 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ger information \n-0002dee0: 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 about. each \n-0002def0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 of the commands \n-0002df00: 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 whose names begi\n-0002df10: 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 n with those PAT\n-0002df20: 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TERNS.....File: \n-0002df30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002df40: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a : initrd, Next:\n-0002df50: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 initrd16, Prev\n-0002df60: 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : help, Up: Com\n-0002df70: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002df80: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002df90: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3334 2069 6e69 7472 s..16.3.34 initr\n-0002dfa0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-0002dfb0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 .. -- Command: i\n-0002dfc0: 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 nitrd file [file\n-0002dfd0: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c ...]. Load,\n-0002dfe0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 in order, all i\n-0002dff0: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 7320 nitial ramdisks \n-0002e000: 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e for a Linux kern\n-0002e010: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 640a 2020 el image, and. \n-0002e020: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f set the appro\n-0002e030: 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 priate parameter\n-0002e040: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 s in the Linux s\n-0002e050: 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d etup area in mem\n-0002e060: 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206d ory.. This m\n-0002e070: 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ay only be used \n-0002e080: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 276c 696e 7578 after the 'linux\n-0002e090: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ' command (*note\n-0002e0a0: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 730a 2020 linux::) has. \n-0002e0b0: 2020 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 been run. Se\n-0002e0c0: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 e also *note GNU\n-0002e0d0: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c /Linux::.....Fil\n-0002e0e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e0f0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 ode: initrd16, \n-0002e100: 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: insmod, P\n-0002e110: 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 rev: initrd, Up\n-0002e120: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002e130: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002e140: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3520 mmands..16.3.35 \n-0002e150: 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd16.-------\n-0002e160: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002e170: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 ommand: initrd16\n-0002e180: 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d file [file ...]\n-0002e190: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f . Load, in o\n-0002e1a0: 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 6961 rder, all initia\n-0002e1b0: 6c20 7261 6d64 6973 6b73 2066 6f72 2061 l ramdisks for a\n-0002e1c0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n-0002e1d0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2062 age to be. b\n-0002e1e0: 6f6f 7465 6420 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 ooted in 16-bit \n-0002e1f0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 mode, and set th\n-0002e200: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 e appropriate pa\n-0002e210: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 650a rameters in the.\n-0002e220: 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 Linux setup\n-0002e230: 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e area in memory.\n-0002e240: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 This may only \n-0002e250: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 be used after th\n-0002e260: 650a 2020 2020 2027 6c69 6e75 7831 3627 e. 'linux16'\n-0002e270: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-0002e280: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 linux16::) has b\n-0002e290: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c een run. See al\n-0002e2a0: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 474e so *note. GN\n-0002e2b0: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 U/Linux::... \n-0002e2c0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002e2d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-0002e2e0: 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a on x86 systems..\n-0002e2f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002e300: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f fo, Node: insmo\n-0002e310: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 d, Next: keysta\n-0002e320: 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 tus, Prev: init\n-0002e330: 7264 3136 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rd16, Up: Comma\n-0002e340: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002e350: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002e360: 0a31 362e 332e 3336 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a .16.3.36 insmod.\n-0002e370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002e380: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 -- Command: ins\n-0002e390: 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 mod module. \n-0002e3a0: 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d Insert the dynam\n-0002e3b0: 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 ic GRUB module c\n-0002e3c0: 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f alled MODULE....\n-0002e3d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002e3e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 , Node: keystat\n-0002e3f0: 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 us, Next: linux\n-0002e400: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Prev: insmod,\n-0002e410: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002e420: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002e430: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002e440: 2e33 3720 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d .37 keystatus.--\n-0002e450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002e460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 . -- Command: ke\n-0002e470: 7973 7461 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 ystatus [--shift\n-0002e480: 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c ] [--ctrl] [--al\n-0002e490: 745d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 t]. Return t\n-0002e4a0: 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 rue if the Shift\n-0002e4b0: 2c20 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c , Control, or Al\n-0002e4c0: 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 t modifier keys \n-0002e4d0: 6172 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f are held. do\n-0002e4e0: 776e 2c20 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 wn, as requested\n-0002e4f0: 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 by options. Th\n-0002e500: 6973 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 is is useful in \n-0002e510: 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 scripting, to. \n-0002e520: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 allow some us\n-0002e530: 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 er control over \n-0002e540: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 behaviour withou\n-0002e550: 7420 6861 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 t having to wait\n-0002e560: 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 for a. keyp\n-0002e570: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 ress... Chec\n-0002e580: 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 king key modifie\n-0002e590: 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 r status is only\n-0002e5a0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f supported on so\n-0002e5b0: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 me platforms.. \n-0002e5c0: 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 If invoked wi\n-0002e5d0: 7468 6f75 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e thout any option\n-0002e5e0: 732c 2074 6865 2027 6b65 7973 7461 7475 s, the 'keystatu\n-0002e5f0: 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 s' command retur\n-0002e600: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 ns. true if \n-0002e610: 616e 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 and only if chec\n-0002e620: 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 king key modifie\n-0002e630: 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 r status is supp\n-0002e640: 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 orted.....File: \n-0002e650: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002e660: 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : linux, Next: \n-0002e670: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 linux16, Prev: \n-0002e680: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 keystatus, Up: \n-0002e690: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002e6a0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002e6b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3820 6c69 ands..16.3.38 li\n-0002e6c0: 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nux.------------\n-0002e6d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002e6e0: 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 linux file .... \n-0002e6f0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-0002e700: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n-0002e710: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 om FILE. The re\n-0002e720: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-0002e730: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n-0002e740: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 226b rbatim as the \"k\n-0002e750: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n-0002e760: 6e65 222e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 ne\". Any initrd\n-0002e770: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 must be. re\n-0002e780: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n-0002e790: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n-0002e7a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n-0002e7b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 ... On x86 s\n-0002e7c0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e ystems, the kern\n-0002e7d0: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n-0002e7e0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 d using the 32-b\n-0002e7f0: 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f it boot. pro\n-0002e800: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 tocol. Note tha\n-0002e810: 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 t this means tha\n-0002e820: 7420 7468 6520 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f t the 'vga=' boo\n-0002e830: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 t option will. \n-0002e840: 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 not work; if \n-0002e850: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 you want to set \n-0002e860: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 a special video \n-0002e870: 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e mode, you will n\n-0002e880: 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 eed to. use \n-0002e890: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 GRUB commands su\n-0002e8a0: 6368 2061 7320 2773 6574 2067 6678 7061 ch as 'set gfxpa\n-0002e8b0: 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 2720 yload=1024x768' \n-0002e8c0: 6f72 2027 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 or 'set. gfx\n-0002e8d0: 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 2720 2874 payload=keep' (t\n-0002e8e0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 o keep the same \n-0002e8f0: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mode as used in \n-0002e900: 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 GRUB) instead.. \n-0002e910: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 GRUB can aut\n-0002e920: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-0002e930: 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 2027 t some uses of '\n-0002e940: 7667 613d 2720 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c vga=' and transl\n-0002e950: 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f ate. them to\n-0002e960: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 appropriate set\n-0002e970: 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 2027 6766 7870 6179 tings of 'gfxpay\n-0002e980: 6c6f 6164 272e 2020 5468 6520 276c 696e load'. The 'lin\n-0002e990: 7578 3136 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 ux16'. comma\n-0002e9a0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 nd (*note linux1\n-0002e9b0: 363a 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 6::) avoids this\n-0002e9c0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f restriction....\n-0002e9d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002e9e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Node: linux16\n-0002e9f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e , Next: list_en\n-0002ea00: 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c v, Prev: linux,\n-0002ea10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002ea20: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002ea30: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002ea40: 2e33 3920 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d .39 linux16.----\n-0002ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002ea60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 Command: linux1\n-0002ea70: 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6 file .... \n-0002ea80: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n-0002ea90: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n-0002eaa0: 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f ILE in 16-bit mo\n-0002eab0: 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 de. The rest of\n-0002eac0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 . the line i\n-0002ead0: 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 s passed verbati\n-0002eae0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c m as the \"kernel\n-0002eaf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 command-line\". \n-0002eb00: 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 Any. initrd\n-0002eb10: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 must be reloade\n-0002eb20: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n-0002eb30: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n-0002eb40: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a e. initrd16:\n-0002eb50: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 :)... The ke\n-0002eb60: 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f rnel will be boo\n-0002eb70: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 ted using the tr\n-0002eb80: 6164 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 aditional 16-bit\n-0002eb90: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n-0002eba0: 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 col. As well as\n-0002ebb0: 2062 7970 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c bypassing probl\n-0002ebc0: 656d 7320 7769 7468 2027 7667 613d 2720 ems with 'vga=' \n-0002ebd0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 described in. \n-0002ebe0: 2020 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c *note linux::,\n-0002ebf0: 2074 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f this permits bo\n-0002ec00: 6f74 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 oting some other\n-0002ec10: 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 programs that. \n-0002ec20: 2020 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 implement th\n-0002ec30: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f e Linux boot pro\n-0002ec40: 746f 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 tocol for the sa\n-0002ec50: 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 ke of convenienc\n-0002ec60: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f e... This co\n-0002ec70: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n-0002ec80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 ailable on x86 s\n-0002ec90: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n-0002eca0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002ecb0: 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 e: list_env, Ne\n-0002ecc0: 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 xt: list_trusted\n-0002ecd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Prev: linux16\n-0002ece0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002ecf0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002ed00: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002ed10: 332e 3430 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 3.40 list_env.--\n-0002ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002ed30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 -- Command: lis\n-0002ed40: 745f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 t_env [--file fi\n-0002ed50: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c le]. List al\n-0002ed60: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 l variables in t\n-0002ed70: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-0002ed80: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 lock file. *Not\n-0002ed90: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. Environme\n-0002eda0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n-0002edb0: 2020 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f The '--file' o\n-0002edc0: 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 ption overrides \n-0002edd0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 the default loca\n-0002ede0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion of the. \n-0002edf0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0002ee00: 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ck.....File: gru\n-0002ee10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-0002ee20: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 ist_trusted, Ne\n-0002ee30: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 xt: load_env, P\n-0002ee40: 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 rev: list_env, \n-0002ee50: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002ee60: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002ee70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 commands..16.3.4\n-0002ee80: 3120 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 1 list_trusted.-\n+000292f0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Add public \n+00029300: 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 key to list of t\n+00029310: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e rusted keys.* un\n+00029320: 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n+00029330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 Unse\n+00029340: 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t an environment\n+00029350: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 variable.* veri\n+00029360: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 fy_detached:: \n+00029370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 Verify\n+00029380: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 detached digita\n+00029390: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 l signature.* vi\n+000293a0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo:: \n+000293b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+000293c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n+000293d0: 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a modes.* wrmsr::\n+000293e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000293f0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c Write val\n+00029400: 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 ues to model-spe\n+00029410: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n+00029420: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+00029430: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029440: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 Load xen hypervi\n+00029450: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 sor binary (only\n+00029460: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 on AArch64).* x\n+00029470: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 en_module:: \n+00029480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00029490: 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f d xen modules fo\n+000294a0: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n+000294b0: 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 (only on AArch6\n+000294c0: 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4)....File: grub\n+000294d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c .info, Node: [,\n+000294e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 Next: acpi, U\n+000294f0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00029500: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+00029510: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3120 ommands..16.3.1 \n+00029520: 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 [.--------.. -- \n+00029530: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 Command: [ expre\n+00029540: 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 ssion ]. Ali\n+00029550: 6173 2066 6f72 2027 7465 7374 2045 5850 as for 'test EXP\n+00029560: 5245 5353 494f 4e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 RESSION' (*note \n+00029570: 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 test::).....File\n+00029580: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029590: 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: acpi, Next:\n+000295a0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n+000295b0: 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f Prev: [, Up: Co\n+000295c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000295d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000295e0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 2061 6370 690a ds..16.3.2 acpi.\n+000295f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00029600: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b Command: acpi [\n+00029610: 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 -1|-2] [--exclud\n+00029620: 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c e=table1,...|--l\n+00029630: 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c oad-only=table1,\n+00029640: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ...]. [\n+00029650: 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f --oemid=id] [--o\n+00029660: 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b emtable=table] [\n+00029670: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 --oemtablerev=re\n+00029680: 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d v]. [--\n+00029690: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d oemtablecreator=\n+000296a0: 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 creator] [--oemt\n+000296b0: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 ablecreatorrev=r\n+000296c0: 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ev]. [-\n+000296d0: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 -no-ebda] filena\n+000296e0: 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 me .... Mode\n+000296f0: 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 rn BIOS systems \n+00029700: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 normally impleme\n+00029710: 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 nt the Advanced \n+00029720: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 Configuration. \n+00029730: 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 and Power Int\n+00029740: 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 erface (ACPI), a\n+00029750: 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 nd define variou\n+00029760: 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 s tables that de\n+00029770: 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 scribe. the \n+00029780: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 interface betwee\n+00029790: 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 n an ACPI-compli\n+000297a0: 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ant operating sy\n+000297b0: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 stem and the. \n+000297c0: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 firmware. In \n+000297d0: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 some cases, the \n+000297e0: 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 tables provided \n+000297f0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 by default only \n+00029800: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 work. well w\n+00029810: 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ith certain oper\n+00029820: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n+00029830: 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 nd it may be nec\n+00029840: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 essary to. r\n+00029850: 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 eplace some of t\n+00029860: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 hem... Norma\n+00029870: 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e lly, this comman\n+00029880: 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 d will replace t\n+00029890: 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 he Root System D\n+000298a0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 escription. \n+000298b0: 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 Pointer (RSDP) i\n+000298c0: 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 n the Extended B\n+000298d0: 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f IOS Data Area to\n+000298e0: 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 point to the ne\n+000298f0: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 w. tables. \n+00029900: 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 If the '--no-ebd\n+00029910: 6127 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 a' option is use\n+00029920: 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 d, the new table\n+00029930: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b s will be. k\n+00029940: 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 nown only to GRU\n+00029950: 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 B, but may be us\n+00029960: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 ed by GRUB's EFI\n+00029970: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 emulation... \n+00029980: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n+00029990: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n+000299a0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n+000299b0: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n+000299c0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n+000299d0: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n::). Otherwise\n+000299e0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e an attacker can\n+000299f0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 instruct the GR\n+00029a00: 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 UB to load. \n+00029a10: 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f an SSDT table to\n+00029a20: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b overwrite the k\n+00029a30: 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 ernel lockdown c\n+00029a40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 onfiguration and\n+00029a50: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 . later load\n+00029a60: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 and execute uns\n+00029a70: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 igned code.....F\n+00029a80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00029a90: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: authentic\n+00029aa0: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b ate, Next: back\n+00029ab0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 ground_color, P\n+00029ac0: 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: acpi, Up: \n+00029ad0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00029ae0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00029af0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 2061 7574 ands..16.3.3 aut\n+00029b00: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d henticate.------\n+00029b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00029b20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 -- Command: auth\n+00029b30: 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 enticate [userli\n+00029b40: 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 st]. Check w\n+00029b50: 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 hether user is i\n+00029b60: 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 n USERLIST or li\n+00029b70: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 sted in the valu\n+00029b80: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 e of. variab\n+00029b90: 6c65 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 272e le 'superusers'.\n+00029ba0: 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 See *note supe\n+00029bb0: 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c rusers:: for val\n+00029bc0: 6964 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 id user list. \n+00029bd0: 2020 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 2773 format. If 's\n+00029be0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 7327 2069 7320 656d uperusers' is em\n+00029bf0: 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e pty, this comman\n+00029c00: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a d returns true..\n+00029c10: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 *Note Secur\n+00029c20: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00029c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00029c40: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n+00029c50: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 or, Next: backg\n+00029c60: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 round_image, Pr\n+00029c70: 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 ev: authenticate\n+00029c80: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00029c90: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+00029ca0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+00029cb0: 332e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 3.4 background_c\n+00029cc0: 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olor.-----------\n+00029cd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00029ce0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+00029cf0: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f round_color colo\n+00029d00: 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 r. Set backg\n+00029d10: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 round color for \n+00029d20: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e active terminal.\n+00029d30: 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f For valid colo\n+00029d40: 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 r. specifica\n+00029d50: 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 tions see *note \n+00029d60: 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Colors: Theme fi\n+00029d70: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b le format. Back\n+00029d80: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f ground. colo\n+00029d90: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 r can be changed\n+00029da0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+00029db0: 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2066 6f72 2074 'gfxterm' for t\n+00029dc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n+00029dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00029de0: 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 nd sets color of\n+00029df0: 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 empty areas wit\n+00029e00: 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 hout text. Text\n+00029e10: 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 . background\n+00029e20: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f color is contro\n+00029e30: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d lled by environm\n+00029e40: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 ent variables. \n+00029e50: 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c COLOR_NORMAL,\n+00029e60: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n+00029e70: 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 , MENU_COLOR_NOR\n+00029e80: 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 MAL,. MENU_C\n+00029e90: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT. \n+00029ea0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 *Note Special e\n+00029eb0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00029ec0: 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bles::.....File:\n+00029ed0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029ee0: 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d e: background_im\n+00029ef0: 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 age, Next: badr\n+00029f00: 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 am, Prev: backg\n+00029f10: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 round_color, Up\n+00029f20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00029f30: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+00029f40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 2062 mmands..16.3.5 b\n+00029f50: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 650a ackground_image.\n+00029f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00029f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00029f80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 mand: background\n+00029f90: 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 _image [[--mode \n+00029fa0: 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 stretch|normal] \n+00029fb0: 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file]. Load \n+00029fc0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 background image\n+00029fd0: 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d for active term\n+00029fe0: 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 inal from FILE. \n+00029ff0: 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 Image is. s\n+0002a000: 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c tretched to fill\n+0002a010: 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 6565 up entire scree\n+0002a020: 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 n unless option \n+0002a030: 272d 2d6d 6f64 6527 2027 6e6f 726d 616c '--mode' 'normal\n+0002a040: 270a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e '. is given.\n+0002a050: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 Without argume\n+0002a060: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 nts remove curre\n+0002a070: 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b ntly loaded back\n+0002a080: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ground. imag\n+0002a090: 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 e. Background i\n+0002a0a0: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e mage can be chan\n+0002a0b0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n+0002a0c0: 696e 6720 2767 6678 7465 726d 270a 2020 ing 'gfxterm'. \n+0002a0d0: 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 for terminal \n+0002a0e0: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n+0002a0f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002a100: 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: badram, Next\n+0002a110: 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 : blocklist, Pr\n+0002a120: 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 ev: background_i\n+0002a130: 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mage, Up: Comma\n+0002a140: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002a150: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002a160: 0a31 362e 332e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d .16.3.6 badram.-\n+0002a170: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002a180: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 - Command: badra\n+0002a190: 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 m addr,mask[,add\n+0002a1a0: 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 r,mask...]. \n+0002a1b0: 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 Filter out bad R\n+0002a1c0: 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 AM... This c\n+0002a1d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n+0002a1e0: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n+0002a1f0: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n+0002a200: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n+0002a210: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n+0002a220: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 e filtered out (\n+0002a230: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 usually, because\n+0002a240: 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 they're damaged\n+0002a250: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d ).. This rem\n+0002a260: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n+0002a270: 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b fter a payload k\n+0002a280: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n+0002a290: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 oaded by. GR\n+0002a2a0: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n+0002a2b0: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c he loaded kernel\n+0002a2c0: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n+0002a2d0: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ory map from. \n+0002a2e0: 2020 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 GRUB. Kernels \n+0002a2f0: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 that support thi\n+0002a300: 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c s include Linux,\n+0002a310: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b GNU Mach, the k\n+0002a320: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 4672 ernel. of Fr\n+0002a330: 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 eeBSD and Multib\n+0002a340: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 oot kernels in g\n+0002a350: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5379 eneral... Sy\n+0002a360: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 ntax is the same\n+0002a370: 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 as provided by \n+0002a380: 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b 2075 the Memtest86+ u\n+0002a390: 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tility. (htt\n+0002a3a0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 742e p://www.memtest.\n+0002a3b0: 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 org/): a list of\n+0002a3c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 address/mask pa\n+0002a3d0: 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a 2020 irs. Given a. \n+0002a3e0: 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 page-aligned \n+0002a3f0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 6261 address and a ba\n+0002a400: 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d 6173 se address / mas\n+0002a410: 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 k pair, if all t\n+0002a420: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f 6620 he. bits of \n+0002a430: 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 the page-aligned\n+0002a440: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 6172 address that ar\n+0002a450: 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 6865 e enabled by the\n+0002a460: 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 2020 mask match. \n+0002a470: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 2061 with the base a\n+0002a480: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ddress, it means\n+0002a490: 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 746f this page is to\n+0002a4a0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 2054 be filtered. T\n+0002a4b0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 7820 his. syntax \n+0002a4c0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 746f makes it easy to\n+0002a4d0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 7465 represent patte\n+0002a4e0: 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f 6674 rns that are oft\n+0002a4f0: 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 en result of. \n+0002a500: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 652c memory damage,\n+0002a510: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 616c due to physical\n+0002a520: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 distribution of\n+0002a530: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a memory cells...\n+0002a540: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The command\n+0002a550: 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2027 is similar to '\n+0002a560: 6375 746d 656d 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 642e cutmem' command.\n+0002a570: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n+0002a580: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n+0002a590: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n+0002a5a0: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n+0002a5b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n+0002a5c0: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n+0002a5d0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 prevents removi\n+0002a5e0: 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ng EFI memory re\n+0002a5f0: 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f gions to. po\n+0002a600: 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 tentially subver\n+0002a610: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d t the security m\n+0002a620: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 echanisms provid\n+0002a630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 ed by the UEFI. \n+0002a640: 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e secure boot.\n+0002a650: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002a660: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 nfo, Node: bloc\n+0002a670: 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f klist, Next: bo\n+0002a680: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 ot, Prev: badra\n+0002a690: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+0002a6a0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n+0002a6b0: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n+0002a6c0: 2e33 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d .3.7 blocklist.-\n+0002a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002a6e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c . -- Command: bl\n+0002a6f0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ocklist file. \n+0002a700: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n+0002a710: 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 list (*note Bloc\n+0002a720: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n+0002a730: 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for FILE.....Fi\n+0002a740: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002a750: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: boot, Nex\n+0002a760: 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 t: cat, Prev: b\n+0002a770: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 locklist, Up: C\n+0002a780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002a790: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002a7a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3820 626f 6f74 nds..16.3.8 boot\n+0002a7b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n+0002a7c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a - Command: boot.\n+0002a7d0: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 Boot the OS\n+0002a7e0: 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 or chain-loader\n+0002a7f0: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 which has been \n+0002a800: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 loaded. Only ne\n+0002a810: 6365 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 cessary. if \n+0002a820: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c running the full\n+0002a830: 7920 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f y interactive co\n+0002a840: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 mmand-line (it i\n+0002a850: 7320 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 s implicit at. \n+0002a860: 2020 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 the end of a \n+0002a870: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a menu entry).....\n+0002a880: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a890: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 Node: cat, Ne\n+0002a8a0: 7874 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c xt: chainloader,\n+0002a8b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: boot, U\n+0002a8c0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002a8d0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+0002a8e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3920 ommands..16.3.9 \n+0002a8f0: 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a cat.----------..\n+0002a900: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 -- Command: cat\n+0002a910: 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 [--dos] file. \n+0002a920: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 Display the c\n+0002a930: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 ontents of the f\n+0002a940: 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ile FILE. This \n+0002a950: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 command may be u\n+0002a960: 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 seful. to re\n+0002a970: 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 mind you of your\n+0002a980: 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 OS's root parti\n+0002a990: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n+0002a9a0: 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f grub> cat /etc/\n+0002a9b0: 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 fstab.. If t\n+0002a9c0: 6865 2027 2d2d 646f 7327 206f 7074 696f he '--dos' optio\n+0002a9d0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 n is used, then \n+0002a9e0: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n+0002a9f0: 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 / new line. \n+0002aa00: 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 pairs will be di\n+0002aa10: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d splayed as a sim\n+0002aa20: 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f ple new line. O\n+0002aa30: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 therwise, the. \n+0002aa40: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n+0002aa50: 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rn will be displ\n+0002aa60: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f ayed as a contro\n+0002aa70: 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 2827 3c64 l character ('') to. make\n+0002aa90: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 it easier to se\n+0002aaa0: 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 e when boot prob\n+0002aab0: 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 lems are caused \n+0002aac0: 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 by a file. f\n+0002aad0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 ormatted using D\n+0002aae0: 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e OS-style line en\n+0002aaf0: 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dings.....File: \n+0002ab00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002ab10: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n+0002ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 Next: clear, Pr\n+0002ab30: 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: cat, Up: Co\n+0002ab40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002ab50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002ab60: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3020 6368 6169 ds..16.3.10 chai\n+0002ab70: 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nloader.--------\n+0002ab80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002ab90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c Command: chainl\n+0002aba0: 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 oader [--force] \n+0002abb0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 file. Load F\n+0002abc0: 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c ILE as a chain-l\n+0002abd0: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 oader. Like any\n+0002abe0: 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 other file load\n+0002abf0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ed by the. f\n+0002ac00: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 ilesystem code, \n+0002ac10: 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 it can use the b\n+0002ac20: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f locklist notatio\n+0002ac30: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 n (*note Block. \n+0002ac40: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a list syntax:\n+0002ac50: 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 :) to grab the f\n+0002ac60: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n+0002ac70: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 he current parti\n+0002ac80: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2027 tion. with '\n+0002ac90: 2b31 272e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 +1'. If you spe\n+0002aca0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n+0002acb0: 272d 2d66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 '--force', then \n+0002acc0: 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2066 load FILE. f\n+0002acd0: 6f72 6369 626c 792c 2077 6865 7468 6572 orcibly, whether\n+0002ace0: 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 it has a correc\n+0002acf0: 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e t signature or n\n+0002ad00: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 ot. This is. \n+0002ad10: 2020 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e20 required when \n+0002ad20: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 you want to load\n+0002ad30: 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f a defective boo\n+0002ad40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 t loader, such a\n+0002ad50: 7320 5343 4f0a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7857 s SCO. UnixW\n+0002ad60: 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 are 7.1.....File\n+0002ad70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002ad80: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 de: clear, Next\n+0002ad90: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 : cmosclean, Pr\n+0002ada0: 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c ev: chainloader,\n+0002adb0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002adc0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002add0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002ade0: 2e31 3120 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .11 clear.------\n+0002adf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ae00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 mand: clear. \n+0002ae10: 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 Clear the scree\n+0002ae20: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002ae30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002ae40: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 osclean, Next: \n+0002ae50: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmosdump, Prev:\n+0002ae60: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d clear, Up: Com\n+0002ae70: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002ae80: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002ae90: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3132 2063 6d6f 7363 s..16.3.12 cmosc\n+0002aea0: 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lean.-----------\n+0002aeb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002aec0: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 and: cmosclean b\n+0002aed0: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 yte:bit. Cle\n+0002aee0: 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 ar value of bit \n+0002aef0: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002af00: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 ion BYTE:BIT. T\n+0002af10: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n+0002af20: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002af30: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002af40: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002af50: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002af60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002af70: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 osdump, Next: c\n+0002af80: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mostest, Prev: \n+0002af90: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosclean, Up: \n+0002afa0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002afb0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002afc0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3320 636d ands..16.3.13 cm\n+0002afd0: 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d osdump.---------\n+0002afe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d -------.. -- Dum\n+0002aff0: 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 p: CMOS contents\n+0002b000: 0a20 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 . Dump full \n+0002b010: 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 CMOS contents as\n+0002b020: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c hexadecimal val\n+0002b030: 7565 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ues. This comma\n+0002b040: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c nd is. avail\n+0002b050: 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 able only on pla\n+0002b060: 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 tforms that supp\n+0002b070: 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ort CMOS.....Fil\n+0002b080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b090: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 ode: cmostest, \n+0002b0a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 Next: cmp, Prev\n+0002b0b0: 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a : cmosdump, Up:\n+0002b0c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002b0d0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002b0e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3134 2063 mands..16.3.14 c\n+0002b0f0: 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mostest.--------\n+0002b100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b110: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 mmand: cmostest \n+0002b120: 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 byte:bit. Te\n+0002b130: 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 st value of bit \n+0002b140: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002b150: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 ion BYTE:BIT. E\n+0002b160: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 xit status is. \n+0002b170: 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 zero if bit i\n+0002b180: 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 s set, non zero \n+0002b190: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 otherwise. This\n+0002b1a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 command is avai\n+0002b1b0: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 lable. only \n+0002b1c0: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n+0002b1d0: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n+0002b1e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b1f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 fo, Node: cmp, \n+0002b200: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Next: configfil\n+0002b210: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 e, Prev: cmoste\n+0002b220: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n+0002b230: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002b240: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002b250: 362e 332e 3135 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.3.15 cmp.-----\n+0002b260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b270: 616e 643a 2063 6d70 2066 696c 6531 2066 and: cmp file1 f\n+0002b280: 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 ile2. Compar\n+0002b290: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 e the file FILE1\n+0002b2a0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 with the file F\n+0002b2b0: 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2064 ILE2. If they d\n+0002b2c0: 6966 6665 7220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7369 iffer in. si\n+0002b2d0: 7a65 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 ze, print the si\n+0002b2e0: 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a zes like this:..\n+0002b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 Differ\n+0002b300: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 in size: 0x1234\n+0002b310: 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b [foo], 0x4321 [\n+0002b320: 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 bar].. If th\n+0002b330: 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 e sizes are equa\n+0002b340: 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 l but the bytes \n+0002b350: 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 at an offset dif\n+0002b360: 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 fer, then. p\n+0002b370: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c rint the bytes l\n+0002b380: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0002b390: 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 Differ at t\n+0002b3a0: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 he offset 777: 0\n+0002b3b0: 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 xbe [foo], 0xef \n+0002b3c0: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 [bar].. If t\n+0002b3d0: 6865 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 hey are complete\n+0002b3e0: 6c79 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 6e6f ly identical, no\n+0002b3f0: 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 thing will be pr\n+0002b400: 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 inted.....File: \n+0002b410: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002b420: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e : configfile, N\n+0002b430: 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 ext: cpuid, Pre\n+0002b440: 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cmp, Up: Com\n+0002b450: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002b460: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002b470: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3136 2063 6f6e 6669 s..16.3.16 confi\n+0002b480: 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gfile.----------\n+0002b490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b4a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c mmand: configfil\n+0002b4b0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e file. Load\n+0002b4c0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 FILE as a confi\n+0002b4d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 guration file. \n+0002b4e0: 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 If FILE defines \n+0002b4f0: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e any menu. en\n+0002b500: 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 tries, then show\n+0002b510: 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 a menu containi\n+0002b520: 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 ng them immediat\n+0002b530: 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 ely. Any. e\n+0002b540: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002b550: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 ble changes made\n+0002b560: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 by the commands\n+0002b570: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f in FILE will no\n+0002b580: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 t. be preser\n+0002b590: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 2763 6f6e 6669 ved after 'confi\n+0002b5a0: 6766 696c 6527 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a gfile' returns..\n+0002b5b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b5c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 fo, Node: cpuid\n+0002b5d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 , Next: crc, P\n+0002b5e0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c rev: configfile,\n+0002b5f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002b600: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002b610: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002b620: 2e31 3720 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .17 cpuid.------\n+0002b630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002b640: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d mand: cpuid [-l]\n+0002b650: 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b [-p]. Check\n+0002b660: 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 for CPU feature\n+0002b670: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+0002b680: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+0002b690: 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 le on x86. s\n+0002b6a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ystems... Wi\n+0002b6b0: 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d6c 2720 6f70 7469 th the '-l' opti\n+0002b6c0: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 on, return true \n+0002b6d0: 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f if the CPU suppo\n+0002b6e0: 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rts long mode. \n+0002b6f0: 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 (64-bit)... \n+0002b700: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d 7027 With the '-p'\n+0002b710: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 option, return \n+0002b720: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 true if the CPU \n+0002b730: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 supports Physica\n+0002b740: 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 l. Address E\n+0002b750: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a xtension (PAE)..\n+0002b760: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 . If invoked\n+0002b770: 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 without options\n+0002b780: 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 , this command c\n+0002b790: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 urrently behaves\n+0002b7a0: 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 as if it. h\n+0002b7b0: 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 ad been invoked \n+0002b7c0: 7769 7468 2027 2d6c 272e 2020 5468 6973 with '-l'. This\n+0002b7d0: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 may change in t\n+0002b7e0: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he future.....Fi\n+0002b7f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002b800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: crc, Next\n+0002b810: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n+0002b820: 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 Prev: cpuid, Up\n+0002b830: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002b840: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002b850: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3820 mmands..16.3.18 \n+0002b860: 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a crc.-----------.\n+0002b870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 . -- Command: cr\n+0002b880: 6320 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 c arg .... A\n+0002b890: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 lias for 'hashsu\n+0002b8a0: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 m --hash crc32 a\n+0002b8b0: 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 636f rg ...'. See co\n+0002b8c0: 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d 270a mmand 'hashsum'.\n+0002b8d0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n+0002b8e0: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n+0002b8f0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n+0002b900: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002b910: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Node: cryptomo\n+0002b920: 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d unt, Next: cutm\n+0002b930: 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 em, Prev: crc, \n+0002b940: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002b950: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002b960: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002b970: 3139 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 19 cryptomount.-\n+0002b980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002b990: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002b9a0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 cryptomount dev\n+0002b9b0: 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d ice|-u uuid|-a|-\n+0002b9c0: 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 b. Setup acc\n+0002b9d0: 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 ess to encrypted\n+0002b9e0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 206e 6563 device. If nec\n+0002b9f0: 6573 7361 7279 2c20 7061 7373 7068 7261 essary, passphra\n+0002ba00: 7365 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7565 se is. reque\n+0002ba10: 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 sted interactive\n+0002ba20: 6c79 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4445 5649 ly. Option DEVI\n+0002ba30: 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 CE configures sp\n+0002ba40: 6563 6966 6963 2067 7275 620a 2020 2020 ecific grub. \n+0002ba50: 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e device (*note N\n+0002ba60: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+0002ba70: 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 7527 ::); option '-u'\n+0002ba80: 2055 5549 4420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 UUID configures\n+0002ba90: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 . device wit\n+0002baa0: 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 h specified UUID\n+0002bab0: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d61 2720 636f ; option '-a' co\n+0002bac0: 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 nfigures all det\n+0002bad0: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 ected. encry\n+0002bae0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 pted devices; op\n+0002baf0: 7469 6f6e 2027 2d62 2720 636f 6e66 6967 tion '-b' config\n+0002bb00: 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 6920 636f ures all geli co\n+0002bb10: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 740a 2020 ntainers that. \n+0002bb20: 2020 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 have boot fla\n+0002bb30: 6720 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 g set... GRU\n+0002bb40: 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 6365 B suports device\n+0002bb50: 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 696e s encrypted usin\n+0002bb60: 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e g LUKS, LUKS2 an\n+0002bb70: 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 d geli. Note. \n+0002bb80: 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 that necessar\n+0002bb90: 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b 532c y modules (LUKS,\n+0002bba0: 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c 4929 LUKS2 and GELI)\n+0002bbb0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 have to be load\n+0002bbc0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ed. manually\n+0002bbd0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 6f6d before this com\n+0002bbe0: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n+0002bbf0: 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f 6e6c . For LUKS2 onl\n+0002bc00: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b 4446 y the. PBKDF\n+0002bc10: 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2 key derivation\n+0002bc20: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7570 function is sup\n+0002bc30: 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 6f6e ported, as Argon\n+0002bc40: 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2 is not yet. \n+0002bc50: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 supported... \n+0002bc60: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 Also, note th\n+0002bc70: 6174 2c20 756e 6c69 6b65 2066 696c 6573 at, unlike files\n+0002bc80: 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 732c 2055 5549 ystem UUIDs, UUI\n+0002bc90: 4473 2066 6f72 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 Ds for encrypted\n+0002bca0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 7320 6d75 . devices mu\n+0002bcb0: 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 st be specified \n+0002bcc0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6461 7368 2073 6570 without dash sep\n+0002bcd0: 6172 6174 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 arators.....File\n+0002bce0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002bcf0: 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e 6578 de: cutmem, Nex\n+0002bd00: 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: date, Prev: \n+0002bd10: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 cryptomount, Up\n+0002bd20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002bd30: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002bd40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3020 mmands..16.3.20 \n+0002bd50: 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cutmem.---------\n+0002bd60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002bd70: 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b nd: cutmem from[\n+0002bd80: 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d K|M|G] to[K|M|G]\n+0002bd90: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 . Remove any\n+0002bda0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 memory regions \n+0002bdb0: 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e in specified ran\n+0002bdc0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ge... This c\n+0002bdd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n+0002bde0: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n+0002bdf0: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n+0002be00: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n+0002be10: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n+0002be20: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 e filtered out. \n+0002be30: 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e This remains in\n+0002be40: 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a effect after a.\n+0002be50: 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 payload ker\n+0002be60: 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 nel has been loa\n+0002be70: 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 ded by GRUB, as \n+0002be80: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 long as the load\n+0002be90: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f ed. kernel o\n+0002bea0: 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 btains its memor\n+0002beb0: 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e y map from GRUB.\n+0002bec0: 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 Kernels that su\n+0002bed0: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 pport this. \n+0002bee0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 include Linux, G\n+0002bef0: 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 NU Mach, the ker\n+0002bf00: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 nel of FreeBSD a\n+0002bf10: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 nd Multiboot. \n+0002bf20: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e kernels in gen\n+0002bf30: 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 eral... The \n+0002bf40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c command is simil\n+0002bf50: 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6164 7261 6d27 2063 ar to 'badram' c\n+0002bf60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n+0002bf70: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0002bf80: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0002bf90: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0002bfa0: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0002bfb0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0002bfc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n+0002bfd0: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n+0002bfe0: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n+0002bff0: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n+0002c000: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n+0002c010: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n+0002c020: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002c030: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n+0002c040: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n+0002c050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c060: 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: date, Next: \n+0002c070: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 devicetree, Pre\n+0002c080: 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: cutmem, Up: \n+0002c090: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002c0a0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002c0b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3120 6461 ands..16.3.21 da\n+0002c0c0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a te.------------.\n+0002c0d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 . -- Command: da\n+0002c0e0: 7465 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 te [[year-]month\n+0002c0f0: 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 -day] [hour:minu\n+0002c100: 7465 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 te[:second]]. \n+0002c110: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 With no argume\n+0002c120: 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 nts, print the c\n+0002c130: 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 urrent date and \n+0002c140: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 time... Othe\n+0002c150: 7277 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 rwise, take the \n+0002c160: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 current date and\n+0002c170: 2074 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e time, change an\n+0002c180: 7920 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 y elements. \n+0002c190: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 specified as arg\n+0002c1a0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 uments, and set \n+0002c1b0: 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 the result as th\n+0002c1c0: 6520 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 e new date and. \n+0002c1d0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 time. For e\n+0002c1e0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 xample, 'date 01\n+0002c1f0: 2d30 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 -01' will set th\n+0002c200: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 e current month \n+0002c210: 616e 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 and day. to \n+0002c220: 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c January 1, but l\n+0002c230: 6561 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 eave the year, h\n+0002c240: 6f75 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 our, minute, and\n+0002c250: 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 second. unc\n+0002c260: 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hanged.....File:\n+0002c270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c280: 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 e: devicetree, \n+0002c290: 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 Next: distrust, \n+0002c2a0: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 Prev: date, Up\n+0002c2b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002c2c0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002c2d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3220 mmands..16.3.22 \n+0002c2e0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d devicetree.-----\n+0002c2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002c300: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 -- Command: devi\n+0002c310: 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 cetree file. \n+0002c320: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 Load a device t\n+0002c330: 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 ree blob (.dtb) \n+0002c340: 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 from a filesyste\n+0002c350: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 m, for later use\n+0002c360: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 by. a Linux\n+0002c370: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e kernel. Does n\n+0002c380: 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 ot perform mergi\n+0002c390: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 ng with any devi\n+0002c3a0: 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 ce tree. sup\n+0002c3b0: 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 plied by firmwar\n+0002c3c0: 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 e, but rather re\n+0002c3d0: 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 places it comple\n+0002c3e0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tely... Note\n+0002c3f0: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n+0002c400: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n+0002c410: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n+0002c420: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n+0002c430: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n+0002c440: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f This is done to\n+0002c450: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 prevent subvert\n+0002c460: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 ing various secu\n+0002c470: 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e rity. mechan\n+0002c480: 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 isms.....File: g\n+0002c490: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002c4a0: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 distrust, Next\n+0002c4b0: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 : drivemap, Pre\n+0002c4c0: 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 v: devicetree, \n+0002c4d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002c4e0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002c4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 commands..16.3.2\n+0002c500: 3320 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 distrust.-----\n+0002c510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002c520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 Command: distru\n+0002c530: 7374 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 st pubkey_id. \n+0002c540: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Remove public \n+0002c550: 6b65 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 key PUBKEY_ID fr\n+0002c560: 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e om GRUB's keyrin\n+0002c570: 6720 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 g of trusted key\n+0002c580: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 s.. PUBKEY_I\n+0002c590: 4420 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f D is the last fo\n+0002c5a0: 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 ur bytes (eight \n+0002c5b0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+0002c5c0: 7473 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ts) of the. \n+0002c5d0: 4750 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 GPG v4 key id, w\n+0002c5e0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 hich is also the\n+0002c5f0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2027 6c69 7374 output of 'list\n+0002c600: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 _trusted' (*note\n+0002c610: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 . list_trust\n+0002c620: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 ed::). Outside \n+0002c630: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 of GRUB, the key\n+0002c640: 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 id can be obtai\n+0002c650: 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2027 ned using. '\n+0002c660: 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e gpg --fingerprin\n+0002c670: 7427 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 t'). These keys\n+0002c680: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c are used to val\n+0002c690: 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 idate signatures\n+0002c6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 . when envir\n+0002c6b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0002c6c0: 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 'check_signature\n+0002c6d0: 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 656e s' is set to 'en\n+0002c6e0: 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f force'. (*no\n+0002c6f0: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n+0002c700: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 res::), and by s\n+0002c710: 6f6d 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 ome invocations \n+0002c720: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2776 6572 6966 795f of. 'verify_\n+0002c730: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 detached' (*note\n+0002c740: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0002c750: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n+0002c760: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 g digital. s\n+0002c770: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+0002c780: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+0002c790: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002c7a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 .info, Node: dr\n+0002c7b0: 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 ivemap, Next: e\n+0002c7c0: 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 cho, Prev: dist\n+0002c7d0: 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rust, Up: Comma\n+0002c7e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002c7f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002c800: 0a31 362e 332e 3234 2064 7269 7665 6d61 .16.3.24 drivema\n+0002c810: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0002c820: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002c830: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c drivemap -l|-r|\n+0002c840: 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 [-s] from_drive \n+0002c850: 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 to_drive. Wi\n+0002c860: 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d thout options, m\n+0002c870: 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f ap the drive FRO\n+0002c880: 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 M_DRIVE to the d\n+0002c890: 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 rive TO_DRIVE.. \n+0002c8a0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 This is nece\n+0002c8b0: 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ssary when you c\n+0002c8c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f hain-load some o\n+0002c8d0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+0002c8e0: 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 , such. as D\n+0002c8f0: 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f OS, if such an O\n+0002c900: 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e S resides at a n\n+0002c910: 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 on-first drive. \n+0002c920: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e For. conven\n+0002c930: 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 ience, any parti\n+0002c940: 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 tion suffix on t\n+0002c950: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f he drive is igno\n+0002c960: 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 red, so you. \n+0002c970: 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 can safely use \n+0002c980: 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 ${root} as a dri\n+0002c990: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ve specification\n+0002c9a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+0002c9b0: 2027 2d73 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 '-s' option, pe\n+0002c9c0: 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 rform the revers\n+0002c9d0: 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c e mapping as wel\n+0002c9e0: 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 l, swapping. \n+0002c9f0: 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e the two drives.\n+0002ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n+0002ca10: 272d 6c27 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 '-l' option, lis\n+0002ca20: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 t the current ma\n+0002ca30: 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ppings... Wi\n+0002ca40: 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d72 2720 6f70 7469 th the '-r' opti\n+0002ca50: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 on, reset all ma\n+0002ca60: 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 ppings to the de\n+0002ca70: 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 fault values... \n+0002ca80: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a For example:\n+0002ca90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 .. driv\n+0002caa0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n+0002cab0: 6431 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 d1)....File: gru\n+0002cac0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n+0002cad0: 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c cho, Next: eval\n+0002cae0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Prev: drivema\n+0002caf0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+0002cb00: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n+0002cb10: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n+0002cb20: 2e33 2e32 3520 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .3.25 echo.-----\n+0002cb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002cb40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 mand: echo [-n] \n+0002cb50: 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a [-e] string ....\n+0002cb60: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n+0002cb70: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 requested text \n+0002cb80: 616e 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 and, unless the \n+0002cb90: 272d 6e27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 '-n' option is u\n+0002cba0: 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 sed, a. trai\n+0002cbb0: 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 ling new line. \n+0002cbc0: 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 If there is more\n+0002cbd0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 than one string\n+0002cbe0: 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , they are. \n+0002cbf0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n+0002cc00: 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 ces in the outpu\n+0002cc10: 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 t. As usual in \n+0002cc20: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 GRUB commands,. \n+0002cc30: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 variables ma\n+0002cc40: 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 y be substituted\n+0002cc50: 2075 7369 6e67 2027 247b 7661 727d 272e using '${var}'.\n+0002cc60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d65 2720 .. The '-e' \n+0002cc70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 option enables i\n+0002cc80: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 nterpretation of\n+0002cc90: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n+0002cca0: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f es. The. fo\n+0002ccb0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 llowing sequence\n+0002ccc0: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 s are recognised\n+0002ccd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 5c27 0a20 2020 :.. '\\\\'. \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 backslash\n+0002ccf0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c61 270a 2020 2020 .. '\\a'. \n+0002cd00: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c alert (BEL\n+0002cd10: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6327 0a20 2020 ).. '\\c'. \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 suppress \n+0002cd30: 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e trailing new lin\n+0002cd40: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6627 0a20 2020 e.. '\\f'. \n+0002cd50: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 form feed\n+0002cd60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c6e 270a 2020 2020 .. '\\n'. \n+0002cd70: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a new line..\n+0002cd80: 2020 2020 2027 5c72 270a 2020 2020 2020 '\\r'. \n+0002cd90: 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 carriage ret\n+0002cda0: 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 7427 0a20 urn.. '\\t'. \n+0002cdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e horizon\n+0002cdc0: 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 275c tal tab.. '\\\n+0002cdd0: 7627 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 v'. ver\n+0002cde0: 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 tical tab.. \n+0002cdf0: 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e When interpretin\n+0002ce00: 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 g backslash esca\n+0002ce10: 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 pes, backslash f\n+0002ce20: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 ollowed by any. \n+0002ce30: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 other charac\n+0002ce40: 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 ter will print t\n+0002ce50: 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a hat character...\n+0002ce60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002ce70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 o, Node: eval, \n+0002ce80: 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Next: export, \n+0002ce90: 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a Prev: echo, Up:\n+0002cea0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002ceb0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002cec0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3236 2065 mands..16.3.26 e\n+0002ced0: 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d val.------------\n+0002cee0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+0002cef0: 7661 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 val string .... \n+0002cf00: 2020 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 Concatenate \n+0002cf10: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 arguments togeth\n+0002cf20: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 er using single \n+0002cf30: 7370 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 space as separat\n+0002cf40: 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c or and. eval\n+0002cf50: 7561 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 uate result as s\n+0002cf60: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 equence of GRUB \n+0002cf70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c commands.....Fil\n+0002cf80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002cf90: 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 ode: export, Ne\n+0002cfa0: 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 xt: false, Prev\n+0002cfb0: 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : eval, Up: Com\n+0002cfc0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002cfd0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002cfe0: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 s..16.3.27 expor\n+0002cff0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002d000: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+0002d010: 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 xport envvar. \n+0002d020: 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Export the env\n+0002d030: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002d040: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 e ENVVAR. Expor\n+0002d050: 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ted variables ar\n+0002d060: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 e. visible t\n+0002d070: 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e o subsidiary con\n+0002d080: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+0002d090: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n+0002d0a0: 2020 2027 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 272e 'configfile'.\n+0002d0b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002d0c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 nfo, Node: fals\n+0002d0d0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 e, Next: gettex\n+0002d0e0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 t, Prev: export\n+0002d0f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002d100: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002d110: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002d120: 332e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.28 false.-----\n+0002d130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002d140: 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 mmand: false. \n+0002d150: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e Do nothing, un\n+0002d160: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n+0002d170: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n+0002d180: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n+0002d190: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n+0002d1a0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 2061 6e64 such as 'if' and\n+0002d1b0: 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 'while' (*note \n+0002d1c0: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+0002d1d0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ting::).....File\n+0002d1e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002d1f0: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 de: gettext, Ne\n+0002d200: 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 xt: gptsync, Pr\n+0002d210: 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: false, Up: \n+0002d220: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002d230: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002d240: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3920 6765 ands..16.3.29 ge\n+0002d250: 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ttext.----------\n+0002d260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002d270: 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 nd: gettext stri\n+0002d280: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng. Translat\n+0002d290: 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e STRING into th\n+0002d2a0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 e current langua\n+0002d2b0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ge... The cu\n+0002d2c0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 rrent language c\n+0002d2d0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ode is stored in\n+0002d2e0: 2074 6865 2027 6c61 6e67 2720 7661 7269 the 'lang' vari\n+0002d2f0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 able in. GRU\n+0002d300: 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 B's environment \n+0002d310: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 (*note lang::). \n+0002d320: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c Translation fil\n+0002d330: 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a es in MO format.\n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 are read fr\n+0002d350: 6f6d 2027 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2720 om 'locale_dir' \n+0002d360: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 (*note locale_di\n+0002d370: 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 r::), usually. \n+0002d380: 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c '/boot/grub/l\n+0002d390: 6f63 616c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ocale'.....File:\n+0002d3a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002d3b0: 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 e: gptsync, Nex\n+0002d3c0: 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: halt, Prev: \n+0002d3d0: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gettext, Up: Co\n+0002d3e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002d3f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002d400: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3020 6770 7473 ds..16.3.30 gpts\n+0002d410: 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ync.------------\n+0002d420: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002d430: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 : gptsync device\n+0002d440: 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b [partition[+/-[\n+0002d450: 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 type]]] .... \n+0002d460: 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Disks using the\n+0002d470: 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GUID Partition \n+0002d480: 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f Table (GPT) also\n+0002d490: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 have a legacy. \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 Master Boot \n+0002d4b0: 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 Record (MBR) par\n+0002d4c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 tition table for\n+0002d4d0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n+0002d4e0: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f ith the. BIO\n+0002d4f0: 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 S and with older\n+0002d500: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0002d510: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 ms. The legacy \n+0002d520: 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 MBR can only. \n+0002d530: 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 represent a li\n+0002d540: 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 mited subset of \n+0002d550: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e GPT partition en\n+0002d560: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 tries... Thi\n+0002d570: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 s command popula\n+0002d580: 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d tes the legacy M\n+0002d590: 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 BR with the spec\n+0002d5a0: 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a ified PARTITION.\n+0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 entries on \n+0002d5c0: 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 DEVICE. Up to t\n+0002d5d0: 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 hree partitions \n+0002d5e0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 may be used... \n+0002d5f0: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 TYPE is an MB\n+0002d600: 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 R partition type\n+0002d610: 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 code; prefix wi\n+0002d620: 7468 2027 3078 2720 6966 2079 6f75 2077 th '0x' if you w\n+0002d630: 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7465 ant to. ente\n+0002d640: 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 6465 r this in hexade\n+0002d650: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7061 cimal. The sepa\n+0002d660: 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 5041 rator between PA\n+0002d670: 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 RTITION and. \n+0002d680: 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 2027 2b27 TYPE may be '+'\n+0002d690: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 to make the par\n+0002d6a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f tition active, o\n+0002d6b0: 7220 272d 2720 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 r '-' to make it\n+0002d6c0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 . inactive; \n+0002d6d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 only one partiti\n+0002d6e0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 on may be active\n+0002d6f0: 2e20 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 . If both the s\n+0002d700: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e eparator. an\n+0002d710: 6420 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 d type are omitt\n+0002d720: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ed, then the par\n+0002d730: 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 tition will be i\n+0002d740: 6e61 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nactive.....File\n+0002d750: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002d760: 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: halt, Next:\n+0002d770: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a hashsum, Prev:\n+0002d780: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gptsync, Up: C\n+0002d790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002d7a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002d7b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3331 2068 616c nds..16.3.31 hal\n+0002d7c0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n+0002d7d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c -- Command: hal\n+0002d7e0: 7420 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 0a20 2020 2020 t --no-apm. \n+0002d7f0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 The command halt\n+0002d800: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 s the computer. \n+0002d810: 2049 6620 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 If the '--no-ap\n+0002d820: 6d27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 m' option is. \n+0002d830: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 specified, no \n+0002d840: 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 APM BIOS call is\n+0002d850: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 performed. Oth\n+0002d860: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 erwise, the comp\n+0002d870: 7574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 6875 uter. is shu\n+0002d880: 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d t down using APM\n+0002d890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002d8a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 info, Node: has\n+0002d8b0: 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c hsum, Next: hel\n+0002d8c0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 p, Prev: halt, \n+0002d8d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002d8e0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002d8f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002d900: 3332 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 32 hashsum.-----\n+0002d910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002d920: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d Command: hashsum\n+0002d930: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b --hash hash --k\n+0002d940: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f eep-going --unco\n+0002d950: 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 mpress --check f\n+0002d960: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ile. [-\n+0002d970: 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c -prefix dir]|fil\n+0002d980: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 e .... Compu\n+0002d990: 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c te or verify fil\n+0002d9a0: 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 e hashes. Hash \n+0002d9b0: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 type is selected\n+0002d9c0: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 with option. \n+0002d9d0: 2020 272d 2d68 6173 6827 2e20 2053 7570 '--hash'. Sup\n+0002d9e0: 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 6172 ported hashes ar\n+0002d9f0: 653a 2027 6164 6c65 7233 3227 2c20 2763 e: 'adler32', 'c\n+0002da00: 7263 3634 272c 2027 6372 6333 3227 2c0a rc64', 'crc32',.\n+0002da10: 2020 2020 2027 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 'crc32rfc15\n+0002da20: 3130 272c 2027 6372 6332 3472 6663 3234 10', 'crc24rfc24\n+0002da30: 3430 272c 2027 6d64 3427 2c20 276d 6435 40', 'md4', 'md5\n+0002da40: 272c 2027 7269 7065 6d64 3136 3027 2c20 ', 'ripemd160', \n+0002da50: 2773 6861 3127 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 7368 'sha1',. 'sh\n+0002da60: 6132 3234 272c 2027 7368 6132 3536 272c a224', 'sha256',\n+0002da70: 2027 7368 6135 3132 272c 2027 7368 6133 'sha512', 'sha3\n+0002da80: 3834 272c 2027 7469 6765 7231 3932 272c 84', 'tiger192',\n+0002da90: 2027 7469 6765 7227 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 'tiger',. '\n+0002daa0: 7469 6765 7232 272c 2027 7768 6972 6c70 tiger2', 'whirlp\n+0002dab0: 6f6f 6c27 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 272d ool'. Option '-\n+0002dac0: 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7327 2075 6e63 -uncompress' unc\n+0002dad0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a ompresses files.\n+0002dae0: 2020 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 before comp\n+0002daf0: 7574 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting hash... \n+0002db00: 2020 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 When list of f\n+0002db10: 696c 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 iles is given, h\n+0002db20: 6173 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 ash of each file\n+0002db30: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 is computed and\n+0002db40: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 . printed, f\n+0002db50: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 ollowed by file \n+0002db60: 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 name, each file \n+0002db70: 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a on a new line...\n+0002db80: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e When option\n+0002db90: 2027 2d2d 6368 6563 6b27 2069 7320 6769 '--check' is gi\n+0002dba0: 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 ven, it points t\n+0002dbb0: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f o a file that co\n+0002dbc0: 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 ntains. list\n+0002dbd0: 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 of HASH NAME pa\n+0002dbe0: 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 irs in the same \n+0002dbf0: 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 format as used b\n+0002dc00: 7920 554e 4958 2027 6d64 3573 756d 270a y UNIX 'md5sum'.\n+0002dc10: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f command. O\n+0002dc20: 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d70 7265 6669 7827 ption '--prefix'\n+0002dc30: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+0002dc40: 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 give directory w\n+0002dc50: 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 here. files \n+0002dc60: 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 are located. Ha\n+0002dc70: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n+0002dc80: 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 stops after the \n+0002dc90: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 first. misma\n+0002dca0: 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e tch was found un\n+0002dcb0: 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d6b less option '--k\n+0002dcc0: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6727 2077 6173 2067 eep-going' was g\n+0002dcd0: 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 iven. The. \n+0002dce0: 6578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 2724 3f27 2069 exit code '$?' i\n+0002dcf0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 s set to 0 if ha\n+0002dd00: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n+0002dd10: 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 is successful. \n+0002dd20: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 If. it fails\n+0002dd30: 2c20 2724 3f27 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f , '$?' is set to\n+0002dd40: 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a nonzero value\n+0002dd50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002dd60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 656c info, Node: hel\n+0002dd70: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 p, Next: initrd\n+0002dd80: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Prev: hashsum\n+0002dd90: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002dda0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002ddb0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002ddc0: 332e 3333 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.33 help.------\n+0002ddd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002dde0: 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 7465 and: help [patte\n+0002ddf0: 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 rn ...]. Dis\n+0002de00: 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 6e66 play helpful inf\n+0002de10: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2062 ormation about b\n+0002de20: 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e uiltin commands.\n+0002de30: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a If you do not.\n+0002de40: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 4154 specify PAT\n+0002de50: 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 TERN, this comma\n+0002de60: 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 2064 nd shows short d\n+0002de70: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 escriptions of a\n+0002de80: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c ll. availabl\n+0002de90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 e commands... \n+0002dea0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 If you specify\n+0002deb0: 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c 2069 any PATTERNS, i\n+0002dec0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 t displays longe\n+0002ded0: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 r information ab\n+0002dee0: 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 6f66 out. each of\n+0002def0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 the commands wh\n+0002df00: 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 ose names begin \n+0002df10: 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 5445 with those PATTE\n+0002df20: 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 RNS.....File: gr\n+0002df30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002df40: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 initrd, Next: i\n+0002df50: 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nitrd16, Prev: \n+0002df60: 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 help, Up: Comma\n+0002df70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002df80: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002df90: 0a31 362e 332e 3334 2069 6e69 7472 640a .16.3.34 initrd.\n+0002dfa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002dfb0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 -- Command: ini\n+0002dfc0: 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e trd file [file .\n+0002dfd0: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 ..]. Load, i\n+0002dfe0: 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 n order, all ini\n+0002dff0: 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 7320 666f tial ramdisks fo\n+0002e000: 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c r a Linux kernel\n+0002e010: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 image, and. \n+0002e020: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 set the appropr\n+0002e030: 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 iate parameters \n+0002e040: 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 in the Linux set\n+0002e050: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002e060: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 y.. This may\n+0002e070: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n+0002e080: 7465 7220 7468 6520 276c 696e 7578 2720 ter the 'linux' \n+0002e090: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+0002e0a0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 730a 2020 2020 inux::) has. \n+0002e0b0: 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 been run. See \n+0002e0c0: 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c also *note GNU/L\n+0002e0d0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a inux::.....File:\n+0002e0e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002e0f0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 e: initrd16, Ne\n+0002e100: 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 xt: insmod, Pre\n+0002e110: 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 v: initrd, Up: \n+0002e120: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002e130: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002e140: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3520 696e ands..16.3.35 in\n+0002e150: 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd16.---------\n+0002e160: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002e170: 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 mand: initrd16 f\n+0002e180: 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ile [file ...]. \n+0002e190: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 Load, in ord\n+0002e1a0: 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 er, all initial \n+0002e1b0: 7261 6d64 6973 6b73 2066 6f72 2061 204c ramdisks for a L\n+0002e1c0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n+0002e1d0: 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f e to be. boo\n+0002e1e0: 7465 6420 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f ted in 16-bit mo\n+0002e1f0: 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 de, and set the \n+0002e200: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 appropriate para\n+0002e210: 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 meters in the. \n+0002e220: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 Linux setup a\n+0002e230: 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 rea in memory. \n+0002e240: 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 This may only be\n+0002e250: 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a used after the.\n+0002e260: 2020 2020 2027 6c69 6e75 7831 3627 2063 'linux16' c\n+0002e270: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n+0002e280: 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 nux16::) has bee\n+0002e290: 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f n run. See also\n+0002e2a0: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f *note. GNU/\n+0002e2b0: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 Linux::... T\n+0002e2c0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+0002e2d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+0002e2e0: 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f x86 systems....\n+0002e2f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002e300: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Node: insmod,\n+0002e310: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 Next: keystatu\n+0002e320: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 s, Prev: initrd\n+0002e330: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 16, Up: Command\n+0002e340: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002e350: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002e360: 362e 332e 3336 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 6.3.36 insmod.--\n+0002e370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e380: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f - Command: insmo\n+0002e390: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 496e d module. In\n+0002e3a0: 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d 6963 sert the dynamic\n+0002e3b0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 616c GRUB module cal\n+0002e3c0: 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 led MODULE.....F\n+0002e3d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e3e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Node: keystatus\n+0002e3f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Next: linux, \n+0002e400: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: insmod, \n+0002e410: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002e420: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002e430: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 commands..16.3.3\n+0002e440: 3720 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7 keystatus.----\n+0002e450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002e460: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 -- Command: keys\n+0002e470: 7461 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 tatus [--shift] \n+0002e480: 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d [--ctrl] [--alt]\n+0002e490: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 . Return tru\n+0002e4a0: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 e if the Shift, \n+0002e4b0: 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 Control, or Alt \n+0002e4c0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 modifier keys ar\n+0002e4d0: 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e e held. down\n+0002e4e0: 2c20 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 , as requested b\n+0002e4f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 y options. This\n+0002e500: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 is useful in sc\n+0002e510: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ripting, to. \n+0002e520: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 allow some user\n+0002e530: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 control over be\n+0002e540: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 haviour without \n+0002e550: 6861 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 having to wait f\n+0002e560: 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 or a. keypre\n+0002e570: 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 ss... Checki\n+0002e580: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n+0002e590: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 status is only s\n+0002e5a0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 upported on some\n+0002e5b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 platforms.. \n+0002e5c0: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n+0002e5d0: 6f75 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c out any options,\n+0002e5e0: 2074 6865 2027 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7327 the 'keystatus'\n+0002e5f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+0002e600: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e . true if an\n+0002e610: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 d only if checki\n+0002e620: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n+0002e630: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 status is suppor\n+0002e640: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n+0002e650: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002e660: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 linux, Next: li\n+0002e670: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 nux16, Prev: ke\n+0002e680: 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ystatus, Up: Co\n+0002e690: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002e6a0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002e6b0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3820 6c69 6e75 ds..16.3.38 linu\n+0002e6c0: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a x.-------------.\n+0002e6d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+0002e6e0: 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 nux file .... \n+0002e6f0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b Load a Linux k\n+0002e700: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n+0002e710: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n+0002e720: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n+0002e730: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n+0002e740: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 226b 6572 atim as the \"ker\n+0002e750: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002e760: 222e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d \". Any initrd m\n+0002e770: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f ust be. relo\n+0002e780: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n+0002e790: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n+0002e7a0: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a note initrd::)..\n+0002e7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 . On x86 sys\n+0002e7c0: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tems, the kernel\n+0002e7d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n+0002e7e0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 using the 32-bit\n+0002e7f0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n+0002e800: 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 col. Note that \n+0002e810: 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 this means that \n+0002e820: 7468 6520 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 the 'vga=' boot \n+0002e830: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 option will. \n+0002e840: 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f not work; if yo\n+0002e850: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0002e860: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f special video mo\n+0002e870: 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 de, you will nee\n+0002e880: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 d to. use GR\n+0002e890: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 UB commands such\n+0002e8a0: 2061 7320 2773 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c as 'set gfxpayl\n+0002e8b0: 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 2720 6f72 oad=1024x768' or\n+0002e8c0: 2027 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 'set. gfxpa\n+0002e8d0: 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 2720 2874 6f20 yload=keep' (to \n+0002e8e0: 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f keep the same mo\n+0002e8f0: 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 de as used in GR\n+0002e900: 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 UB) instead.. \n+0002e910: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d GRUB can autom\n+0002e920: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n+0002e930: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 2027 7667 some uses of 'vg\n+0002e940: 613d 2720 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 a=' and translat\n+0002e950: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 e. them to a\n+0002e960: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 ppropriate setti\n+0002e970: 6e67 7320 6f66 2027 6766 7870 6179 6c6f ngs of 'gfxpaylo\n+0002e980: 6164 272e 2020 5468 6520 276c 696e 7578 ad'. The 'linux\n+0002e990: 3136 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 16'. command\n+0002e9a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n+0002e9b0: 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 :) avoids this r\n+0002e9c0: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 estriction.....F\n+0002e9d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e9e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Node: linux16, \n+0002e9f0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Next: list_env,\n+0002ea00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Prev: linux, \n+0002ea10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002ea20: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002ea30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 commands..16.3.3\n+0002ea40: 3920 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 linux16.------\n+0002ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002ea60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 ommand: linux16 \n+0002ea70: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n+0002ea80: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n+0002ea90: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c l image from FIL\n+0002eaa0: 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 E in 16-bit mode\n+0002eab0: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 . The rest of. \n+0002eac0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 the line is \n+0002ead0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n+0002eae0: 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2063 as the \"kernel c\n+0002eaf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 2041 ommand-line\". A\n+0002eb00: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d ny. initrd m\n+0002eb10: 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 ust be reloaded \n+0002eb20: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002eb30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n+0002eb40: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 initrd16::)\n+0002eb50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e ... The kern\n+0002eb60: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n+0002eb70: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 d using the trad\n+0002eb80: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 itional 16-bit b\n+0002eb90: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f oot. protoco\n+0002eba0: 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 l. As well as b\n+0002ebb0: 7970 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d ypassing problem\n+0002ebc0: 7320 7769 7468 2027 7667 613d 2720 6465 s with 'vga=' de\n+0002ebd0: 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 scribed in. \n+0002ebe0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 *note linux::, t\n+0002ebf0: 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 his permits boot\n+0002ec00: 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 ing some other p\n+0002ec10: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 rograms that. \n+0002ec20: 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 implement the \n+0002ec30: 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f Linux boot proto\n+0002ec40: 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 col for the sake\n+0002ec50: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e of convenience.\n+0002ec60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002ec70: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0002ec80: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 lable on x86 sys\n+0002ec90: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n+0002eca0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ecb0: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 list_env, Next\n+0002ecc0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+0002ecd0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Prev: linux16, \n+0002ece0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002ecf0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002ed00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002ed10: 3430 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 40 list_env.----\n+0002ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002ed30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f - Command: list_\n+0002ed40: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n+0002ed50: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 ]. List all \n+0002ed60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 variables in the\n+0002ed70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0002ed80: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ck file. *Note.\n+0002ed90: 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Environment\n+0002eda0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n+0002edb0: 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 The '--file' opt\n+0002edc0: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n+0002edd0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n+0002ede0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n+0002edf0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0002ee00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002ee10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 info, Node: lis\n+0002ee20: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 7874 t_trusted, Next\n+0002ee30: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : load_env, Pre\n+0002ee40: 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5570 v: list_env, Up\n+0002ee50: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002ee60: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002ee70: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 3120 mmands..16.3.41 \n+0002ee80: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d list_trusted.---\n 0002ee90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002eea0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002eeb0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 : list_trusted. \n-0002eec0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 List all pub\n-0002eed0: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 lic keys trusted\n-0002eee0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c by GRUB for val\n-0002eef0: 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 idating signatur\n-0002ef00: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 es.. The out\n-0002ef10: 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 put is in GPG's \n-0002ef20: 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 v4 key fingerpri\n-0002ef30: 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c nt format (i.e.,\n-0002ef40: 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 the output. \n-0002ef50: 206f 6620 2767 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 of 'gpg --finge\n-0002ef60: 7270 7269 6e74 2729 2e20 2054 6865 206c rprint'). The l\n-0002ef70: 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 east significant\n-0002ef80: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 four bytes (las\n-0002ef90: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 t. eight hex\n-0002efa0: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n-0002efb0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 can be used as \n-0002efc0: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2027 an argument to '\n-0002efd0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 270a 2020 2020 2028 distrust'. (\n-0002efe0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-0002eff0: 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 ). *Note Using \n-0002f000: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-0002f010: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 es::, for more. \n-0002f020: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n-0002f030: 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 about uses for t\n-0002f040: 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 hese keys.....Fi\n-0002f050: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f060: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: load_env, \n-0002f070: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Next: loadfont,\n-0002f080: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Prev: list_tru\n-0002f090: 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 sted, Up: Comma\n-0002f0a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002f0b0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002f0c0: 0a31 362e 332e 3432 206c 6f61 645f 656e .16.3.42 load_en\n-0002f0d0: 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d v.--------------\n-0002f0e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002f0f0: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c load_env [--fil\n-0002f100: 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d e file] [--skip-\n-0002f110: 7369 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b sig]. [\n-0002f120: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 whitelisted_vari\n-0002f130: 6162 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 able_name] .... \n-0002f140: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 Load all var\n-0002f150: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 iables from the \n-0002f160: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-0002f170: 6b20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a k file into the.\n-0002f180: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-0002f190: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e . *Note Environ\n-0002f1a0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 ment block::... \n-0002f1b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 The '--file'\n-0002f1c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n-0002f1d0: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n-0002f1e0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n-0002f1f0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n-0002f200: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 lock... The \n-0002f210: 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 '--skip-sig' opt\n-0002f220: 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 ion skips signat\n-0002f230: 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 ure checking eve\n-0002f240: 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 n when the. \n-0002f250: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n-0002f260: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 ment variable 'c\n-0002f270: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 heck_signatures'\n-0002f280: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n-0002f290: 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 'enforce' (*note\n-0002f2a0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-0002f2b0: 733a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f s::)... If o\n-0002f2c0: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 ne or more varia\n-0002f2d0: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 ble names are pr\n-0002f2e0: 6f76 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 ovided as argume\n-0002f2f0: 6e74 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 nts, they are. \n-0002f300: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 interpreted a\n-0002f310: 7320 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 s a whitelist of\n-0002f320: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f variables to lo\n-0002f330: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ad from the. \n-0002f340: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-0002f350: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 ck file. Variab\n-0002f360: 6c65 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 les set in the f\n-0002f370: 696c 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 ile but not pres\n-0002f380: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ent. in the \n-0002f390: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 whitelist are ig\n-0002f3a0: 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 nored... The\n-0002f3b0: 2027 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 2720 6f70 '--skip-sig' op\n-0002f3c0: 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 tion should be u\n-0002f3d0: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 sed with care, a\n-0002f3e0: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 nd should always\n-0002f3f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e . be used in\n-0002f400: 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 concert with a \n-0002f410: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 whitelist of acc\n-0002f420: 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 eptable variable\n-0002f430: 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c s whose. val\n-0002f440: 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 ues should be se\n-0002f450: 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 t. Failure to e\n-0002f460: 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c mploy a carefull\n-0002f470: 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 y constructed. \n-0002f480: 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 whitelist cou\n-0002f490: 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 ld result in rea\n-0002f4a0: 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 ding a malicious\n-0002f4b0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 value into crit\n-0002f4c0: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f ical. enviro\n-0002f4d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-0002f4e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 from the file, s\n-0002f4f0: 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 uch as setting. \n-0002f500: 2020 2020 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 'check_signa\n-0002f510: 7475 7265 733d 6e6f 272c 206d 6f64 6966 tures=no', modif\n-0002f520: 7969 6e67 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 746f ying 'prefix' to\n-0002f530: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 boot from an. \n-0002f540: 2020 2075 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f unexpected lo\n-0002f550: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 cation or not at\n-0002f560: 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 all, etc... \n-0002f570: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 When used with \n-0002f580: 6361 7265 2c20 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 care, '--skip-si\n-0002f590: 6727 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 g' and the white\n-0002f5a0: 6c69 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 list enable an. \n-0002f5b0: 2020 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f administrato\n-0002f5c0: 7220 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 r to configure a\n-0002f5d0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 system to boot \n-0002f5e0: 6f6e 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 only signed. \n-0002f5f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n-0002f600: 2062 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 but to allow th\n-0002f610: 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 e user to select\n-0002f620: 2066 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 from among mult\n-0002f630: 6970 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 iple. config\n-0002f640: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f urations, and to\n-0002f650: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f enable \"one-sho\n-0002f660: 7422 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 t\" boot attempts\n-0002f670: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 and. \"saved\n-0002f680: 6566 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 efault\" behavior\n-0002f690: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-0002f6a0: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-0002f6b0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 s::, for more. \n-0002f6c0: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a information..\n-0002f6d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002f6e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 fo, Node: loadf\n-0002f6f0: 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 ont, Next: loop\n-0002f700: 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 back, Prev: loa\n-0002f710: 645f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d d_env, Up: Comm\n-0002f720: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-0002f730: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-0002f740: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 3320 6c6f 6164 666f ..16.3.43 loadfo\n-0002f750: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n-0002f760: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f770: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 : loadfont file \n-0002f780: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 .... Load sp\n-0002f790: 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c ecified font fil\n-0002f7a0: 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f es. Unless abso\n-0002f7b0: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 lute pathname is\n-0002f7c0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 given, FILE. \n-0002f7d0: 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 is assumed to \n-0002f7e0: 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 be in directory \n-0002f7f0: 2724 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 2720 '$prefix/fonts' \n-0002f800: 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 272e 7066 with suffix '.pf\n-0002f810: 3227 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2'. appended\n-0002f820: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 . *Note Fonts: \n-0002f830: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-0002f840: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-0002f850: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n-0002f860: 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c opback, Next: l\n-0002f870: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f s, Prev: loadfo\n-0002f880: 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt, Up: Command\n-0002f890: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002f8a0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002f8b0: 362e 332e 3434 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 6.3.44 loopback.\n-0002f8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002f8d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-0002f8e0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 2064 6576 oopback [-d] dev\n-0002f8f0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 ice file. Ma\n-0002f900: 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ke the device na\n-0002f910: 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 med DEVICE corre\n-0002f920: 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e spond to the con\n-0002f930: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tents of the. \n-0002f940: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 filesystem ima\n-0002f950: 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 ge in FILE. For\n-0002f960: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-0002f970: 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f loopback lo\n-0002f980: 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 op0 /path/to/ima\n-0002f990: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 ge. ls \n-0002f9a0: 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 (loop0)/.. W\n-0002f9b0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d 6427 206f 7074 ith the '-d' opt\n-0002f9c0: 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 ion, delete a de\n-0002f9d0: 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 vice previously \n-0002f9e0: 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 created using th\n-0002f9f0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e is. command.\n-0002fa00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002fa10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 nfo, Node: ls, \n-0002fa20: 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Next: lsfonts, \n-0002fa30: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Prev: loopback,\n-0002fa40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002fa50: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002fa60: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002fa70: 2e34 3520 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .45 ls.---------\n-0002fa80: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002fa90: 6c73 205b 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 ls [arg ...]. \n-0002faa0: 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f List devices o\n-0002fab0: 7220 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 r files... W\n-0002fac0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-0002fad0: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 , print all devi\n-0002fae0: 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 ces known to GRU\n-0002faf0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 B... If the \n-0002fb00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 argument is a de\n-0002fb10: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 vice name enclos\n-0002fb20: 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 ed in parenthese\n-0002fb30: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 s (*note. De\n-0002fb40: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 vice syntax::), \n-0002fb50: 7468 656e 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e then print the n\n-0002fb60: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 ame of the files\n-0002fb70: 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 ystem of that. \n-0002fb80: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 device... \n-0002fb90: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n-0002fba0: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 is a directory \n-0002fbb0: 6769 7665 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f given as an abso\n-0002fbc0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 lute file name. \n-0002fbd0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 (*note File \n-0002fbe0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n-0002fbf0: 7468 656e 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f then list the co\n-0002fc00: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 ntents of that. \n-0002fc10: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a directory...\n-0002fc20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002fc30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 o, Node: lsfont\n-0002fc40: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c s, Next: lsmod,\n-0002fc50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a Prev: ls, Up:\n-0002fc60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-0002fc70: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-0002fc80: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3436 206c mands..16.3.46 l\n-0002fc90: 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sfonts.---------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002fcb0: 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 and: lsfonts. \n-0002fcc0: 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f List loaded fo\n-0002fcd0: 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nts.....File: gr\n-0002fce0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002fcf0: 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 lsmod, Next: md\n-0002fd00: 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 5sum, Prev: lsf\n-0002fd10: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 onts, Up: Comma\n-0002fd20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002fd30: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002fd40: 0a31 362e 332e 3437 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d .16.3.47 lsmod.-\n-0002fd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002fd60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 - Command: lsmod\n-0002fd70: 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 . Show list \n-0002fd80: 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 of loaded module\n-0002fd90: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0002fda0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 .info, Node: md\n-0002fdb0: 3573 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 5sum, Next: mod\n-0002fdc0: 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f ule, Prev: lsmo\n-0002fdd0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-0002fde0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-0002fdf0: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-0002fe00: 2e33 2e34 3820 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d .3.48 md5sum.---\n-0002fe10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002fe20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d Command: md5sum\n-0002fe30: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n-0002fe40: 6961 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 756d ias for 'hashsum\n-0002fe50: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 --hash md5 arg \n-0002fe60: 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...'. See comma\n-0002fe70: 6e64 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 nd 'hashsum'. \n-0002fe80: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0002fe90: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0002fea0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0002feb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002fec0: 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 ode: module, Ne\n-0002fed0: 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 xt: multiboot, \n-0002fee0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 Prev: md5sum, U\n-0002fef0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002ff00: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002ff10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3439 ommands..16.3.49\n-0002ff20: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.--------\n-0002ff30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002ff40: 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e and: module [--n\n-0002ff50: 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ounzip] file [ar\n-0002ff60: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f guments]. Lo\n-0002ff70: 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 ad a module for \n-0002ff80: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n-0002ff90: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 image. The res\n-0002ffa0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-0002ffb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n-0002ffc0: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 batim as the mod\n-0002ffd0: 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 ule command line\n-0002ffe0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002fff0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c info, Node: mul\n-00030000: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e tiboot, Next: n\n-00030010: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 ativedisk, Prev\n-00030020: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : module, Up: C\n-00030030: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-00030040: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-00030050: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3530 206d 756c nds..16.3.50 mul\n-00030060: 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tiboot.---------\n-00030070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00030080: 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 mmand: multiboot\n-00030090: 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c [--quirk-bad-kl\n-000300a0: 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 udge]. \n-000300b0: 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 [--quirk-modules\n-000300c0: 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 -after-kernel] f\n-000300d0: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-000300e0: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 d a multiboot ke\n-000300f0: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 rnel image from \n-00030100: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n-00030110: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n-00030120: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n-00030130: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e tim as the \"kern\n-00030140: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 el command-line\"\n-00030150: 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 . Any module mu\n-00030160: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n-00030170: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-00030180: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n-00030190: 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote module::)...\n-000301a0: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c Some kernel\n-000301b0: 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f s have known pro\n-000301c0: 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 blems. You need\n-000301d0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 to specify -qui\n-000301e0: 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 rk-* for. th\n-000301f0: 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 ose. -quirk-bad\n-00030200: 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f -kludge is a pro\n-00030210: 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 blem seen in sev\n-00030220: 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 eral products. \n-00030230: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 that they inc\n-00030240: 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 lude loading klu\n-00030250: 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 dge information \n-00030260: 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 with invalid dat\n-00030270: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 a in. ELF fi\n-00030280: 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 le. GRUB prior \n-00030290: 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 to 0.97 and some\n-000302a0: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 custom builds p\n-000302b0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 referred ELF. \n-000302c0: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 information wh\n-000302d0: 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ile 0.97 and GRU\n-000302e0: 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 B 2 use kludge. \n-000302f0: 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e Use this option\n-00030300: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 to. ignore \n-00030310: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 kludge. Known a\n-00030320: 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ffected systems:\n-00030330: 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b old Solaris, Sk\n-00030340: 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 yOS... -quir\n-00030350: 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d k-modules-after-\n-00030360: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 kernel is needed\n-00030370: 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 for kernels whi\n-00030380: 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ch load at. \n-00030390: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 relatively high \n-000303a0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 address e.g. 16\n-000303b0: 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e MiB mark and can\n-000303c0: 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 't cope with. \n-000303d0: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 modules stuffe\n-000303e0: 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d d between 1MiB m\n-000303f0: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e ark and beginnin\n-00030400: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e g of the kernel.\n-00030410: 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 . Known afft\n-00030420: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 ected systems: V\n-00030430: 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 MWare.....File: \n-00030440: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00030450: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e : nativedisk, N\n-00030460: 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 ext: normal, Pr\n-00030470: 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 ev: multiboot, \n-00030480: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00030490: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-000304a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 commands..16.3.5\n-000304b0: 3120 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 1 nativedisk.---\n-000304c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000304d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 . -- Command: na\n-000304e0: 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 tivedisk. Sw\n-000304f0: 6974 6368 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 itch from firmwa\n-00030500: 7265 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 re disk drivers \n-00030510: 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 to native ones. \n-00030520: 2052 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 Really useful. \n-00030530: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 only on plat\n-00030540: 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 forms where both\n-00030550: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 firmware and na\n-00030560: 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 tive disk drives\n-00030570: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 are. availa\n-00030580: 626c 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ble. Currently \n-00030590: 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 i386-pc, i386-ef\n-000305a0: 692c 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 i, i386-ieee1275\n-000305b0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 and. x86_64\n-000305c0: 2d65 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 -efi.....File: g\n-000305d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000305e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 normal, Next: \n-000305f0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 normal_exit, Pr\n-00030600: 6576 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 ev: nativedisk, \n-00030610: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00030620: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-00030630: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-00030640: 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 52 normal.------\n-00030650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00030660: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 mmand: normal [f\n-00030670: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 ile]. Enter \n-00030680: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 normal mode and \n-00030690: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 display the GRUB\n-000306a0: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 menu... In \n-000306b0: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d normal mode, com\n-000306c0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 mands, filesyste\n-000306d0: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 m modules, and c\n-000306e0: 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 ryptography. \n-000306f0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 modules are aut\n-00030700: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 omatically loade\n-00030710: 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 d, and the full \n-00030720: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 GRUB script pars\n-00030730: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c er. is avail\n-00030740: 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 able. Other mod\n-00030750: 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c ules may be expl\n-00030760: 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 icitly loaded us\n-00030770: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2027 696e 736d 6f64 ing. 'insmod\n-00030780: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a ' (*note insmod:\n-00030790: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 :)... If a F\n-000307a0: 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ILE is given, th\n-000307b0: 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c en commands will\n-000307c0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 be read from th\n-000307d0: 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 at file.. Ot\n-000307e0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 herwise, they wi\n-000307f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ll be read from \n-00030800: 2724 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 '$prefix/grub.cf\n-00030810: 6727 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e g' if it exists.\n-00030820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 .. 'normal' \n-00030830: 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 may be called fr\n-00030840: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c om within normal\n-00030850: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 mode, creating \n-00030860: 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e a nested. en\n-00030870: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 vironment. It i\n-00030880: 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 s more usual to \n-00030890: 7573 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 use 'configfile'\n-000308a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e (*note. con\n-000308b0: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 figfile::) for t\n-000308c0: 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 his.....File: gr\n-000308d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000308e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 normal_exit, Ne\n-000308f0: 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 xt: parttool, P\n-00030900: 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 rev: normal, Up\n-00030910: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00030920: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00030930: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3320 mmands..16.3.53 \n-00030940: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d normal_exit.----\n-00030950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00030960: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f . -- Command: no\n-00030970: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 rmal_exit. E\n-00030980: 7869 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 xit normal mode \n-00030990: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n-000309a0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 . If this insta\n-000309b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f nce of normal mo\n-000309c0: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 de. was not \n-000309d0: 6e65 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e nested within an\n-000309e0: 6f74 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 other one, then \n-000309f0: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 return to rescue\n-00030a00: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mode.....File: \n-00030a10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00030a20: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 : parttool, Nex\n-00030a30: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 t: password, Pr\n-00030a40: 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c ev: normal_exit,\n-00030a50: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00030a60: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-00030a70: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-00030a80: 2e35 3420 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d .54 parttool.---\n-00030a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00030aa0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 -- Command: part\n-00030ab0: 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 tool partition c\n-00030ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b ommands. Mak\n-00030ad0: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 e various modifi\n-00030ae0: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 cations to parti\n-00030af0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 tion table entri\n-00030b00: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 es... Each C\n-00030b10: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 OMMAND is either\n-00030b20: 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f a boolean optio\n-00030b30: 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 n, in which case\n-00030b40: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 it must be. \n-00030b50: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 2027 followed with '\n-00030b60: 2b27 206f 7220 272d 2720 2877 6974 6820 +' or '-' (with \n-00030b70: 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 no intervening s\n-00030b80: 7061 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 pace) to enable \n-00030b90: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 or. disable \n-00030ba0: 7468 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 that option, or \n-00030bb0: 656c 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 else it takes a \n-00030bc0: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 value in the for\n-00030bd0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2027 434f 4d4d 414e 443d m. 'COMMAND=\n-00030be0: 5641 4c55 4527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 VALUE'... Cu\n-00030bf0: 7272 656e 746c 792c 2027 7061 7274 746f rrently, 'partto\n-00030c00: 6f6c 2720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 ol' is only usef\n-00030c10: 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 ul on DOS partit\n-00030c20: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f ion tables (also\n-00030c30: 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d . known as M\n-00030c40: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n-00030c50: 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 d, or MBR). On t\n-00030c60: 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 hese partition t\n-00030c70: 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ables,. the \n-00030c80: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e following comman\n-00030c90: 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ds are available\n-00030ca0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6f6f 7427 2028 :.. 'boot' (\n-00030cb0: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 boolean). \n-00030cc0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c When enabled,\n-00030cd0: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 this makes the \n-00030ce0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n-00030cf0: 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 on be the active\n-00030d00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 . (boot\n-00030d10: 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 able) partition \n-00030d20: 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 on its disk, cle\n-00030d30: 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 aring the active\n-00030d40: 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 flag on. \n-00030d50: 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 all other par\n-00030d60: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 titions. This c\n-00030d70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 ommand is limite\n-00030d80: 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 d to _primary_. \n-00030d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 partiti\n-00030da0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7479 7065 ons... 'type\n-00030db0: 2720 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 ' (value). \n-00030dc0: 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 Change the t\n-00030dd0: 7970 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 ype of an existi\n-00030de0: 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 ng partition. T\n-00030df0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 he value must be\n-00030e00: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d a. num\n-00030e10: 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 ber in the range\n-00030e20: 2030 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 0-0xFF (prefix \n-00030e30: 7769 7468 2027 3078 2720 746f 2065 6e74 with '0x' to ent\n-00030e40: 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 er it in. \n-00030e50: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e hexadecimal).\n-00030e60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 6869 6464 656e 2720 .. 'hidden' \n-00030e70: 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 (boolean). \n-00030e80: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 When enabled\n-00030e90: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 , this hides the\n-00030ea0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n-00030eb0: 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 ion by setting t\n-00030ec0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 he. \"hi\n-00030ed0: 6464 656e 2220 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 dden\" bit in its\n-00030ee0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n-00030ef0: 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 code; when disab\n-00030f00: 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 led,. u\n-00030f10: 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 nhides the selec\n-00030f20: 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 ted partition by\n-00030f30: 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 clearing this b\n-00030f40: 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 it. This is. \n-00030f50: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e useful on\n-00030f60: 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ly when booting \n-00030f70: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 DOS or Windows a\n-00030f80: 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d nd multiple prim\n-00030f90: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 ary. FA\n-00030fa0: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 T partitions exi\n-00030fb0: 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 st in one disk. \n-00030fc0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a See also *note.\n-00030fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 DOS/Wi\n-00030fe0: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ndows::.....File\n-00030ff0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00031000: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e de: password, N\n-00031010: 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ext: password_pb\n-00031020: 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 kdf2, Prev: par\n-00031030: 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttool, Up: Comm\n-00031040: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00031050: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00031060: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f ..16.3.55 passwo\n-00031070: 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd.-------------\n-00031080: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00031090: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 : password user \n-000310a0: 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 clear-password. \n-000310b0: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 Define a use\n-000310c0: 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 r named USER wit\n-000310d0: 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 h password CLEAR\n-000310e0: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 -PASSWORD. *Not\n-000310f0: 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a e. Security:\n-00031100: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00031110: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-00031120: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 ssword_pbkdf2, \n-00031130: 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 Next: play, Pre\n-00031140: 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 v: password, Up\n-00031150: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00031160: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00031170: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3620 mmands..16.3.56 \n-00031180: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a password_pbkdf2.\n+0002eea0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002eeb0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 list_trusted. \n+0002eec0: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 List all publi\n+0002eed0: 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 c keys trusted b\n+0002eee0: 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 y GRUB for valid\n+0002eef0: 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 ating signatures\n+0002ef00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 .. The outpu\n+0002ef10: 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 t is in GPG's v4\n+0002ef20: 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 key fingerprint\n+0002ef30: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 format (i.e., t\n+0002ef40: 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f he output. o\n+0002ef50: 6620 2767 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 f 'gpg --fingerp\n+0002ef60: 7269 6e74 2729 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 rint'). The lea\n+0002ef70: 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 st significant f\n+0002ef80: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a our bytes (last.\n+0002ef90: 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 eight hexad\n+0002efa0: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 ecimal digits) c\n+0002efb0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e an be used as an\n+0002efc0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2027 6469 argument to 'di\n+0002efd0: 7374 7275 7374 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e strust'. (*n\n+0002efe0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e ote distrust::).\n+0002eff0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+0002f000: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+0002f010: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n+0002f020: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 information ab\n+0002f030: 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 out uses for the\n+0002f040: 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 se keys.....File\n+0002f050: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002f060: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: load_env, N\n+0002f070: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 ext: loadfont, \n+0002f080: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Prev: list_trust\n+0002f090: 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ed, Up: Command\n+0002f0a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002f0b0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002f0c0: 362e 332e 3432 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 6.3.42 load_env.\n+0002f0d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f0e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+0002f0f0: 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 oad_env [--file \n+0002f100: 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 file] [--skip-si\n+0002f110: 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 g]. [wh\n+0002f120: 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 itelisted_variab\n+0002f130: 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 le_name] .... \n+0002f140: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 Load all varia\n+0002f150: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n+0002f160: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n+0002f170: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 file into the. \n+0002f180: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 environment. \n+0002f190: 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *Note Environme\n+0002f1a0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n+0002f1b0: 2020 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f The '--file' o\n+0002f1c0: 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 ption overrides \n+0002f1d0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 the default loca\n+0002f1e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion of the. \n+0002f1f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0002f200: 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d ck... The '-\n+0002f210: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 696f -skip-sig' optio\n+0002f220: 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 n skips signatur\n+0002f230: 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 e checking even \n+0002f240: 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7661 when the. va\n+0002f250: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n+0002f260: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 nt variable 'che\n+0002f270: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2069 ck_signatures' i\n+0002f280: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2765 s set to. 'e\n+0002f290: 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 nforce' (*note c\n+0002f2a0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+0002f2b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 :)... If one\n+0002f2c0: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c or more variabl\n+0002f2d0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 e names are prov\n+0002f2e0: 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ided as argument\n+0002f2f0: 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 s, they are. \n+0002f300: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+0002f310: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 a whitelist of v\n+0002f320: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ariables to load\n+0002f330: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 from the. e\n+0002f340: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0002f350: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 file. Variable\n+0002f360: 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c s set in the fil\n+0002f370: 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e e but not presen\n+0002f380: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 t. in the wh\n+0002f390: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f itelist are igno\n+0002f3a0: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 red... The '\n+0002f3b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 2720 6f70 7469 --skip-sig' opti\n+0002f3c0: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 on should be use\n+0002f3d0: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 d with care, and\n+0002f3e0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 should always. \n+0002f3f0: 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 be used in c\n+0002f400: 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 oncert with a wh\n+0002f410: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 itelist of accep\n+0002f420: 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 table variables \n+0002f430: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 whose. value\n+0002f440: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e s should be set.\n+0002f450: 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 Failure to emp\n+0002f460: 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 loy a carefully \n+0002f470: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 constructed. \n+0002f480: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 whitelist could\n+0002f490: 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 result in readi\n+0002f4a0: 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 ng a malicious v\n+0002f4b0: 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 alue into critic\n+0002f4c0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d al. environm\n+0002f4d0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 ent variables fr\n+0002f4e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 om the file, suc\n+0002f4f0: 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 h as setting. \n+0002f500: 2020 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 'check_signatu\n+0002f510: 7265 733d 6e6f 272c 206d 6f64 6966 7969 res=no', modifyi\n+0002f520: 6e67 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 746f 2062 ng 'prefix' to b\n+0002f530: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 oot from an. \n+0002f540: 2075 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 unexpected loca\n+0002f550: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 tion or not at a\n+0002f560: 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ll, etc... W\n+0002f570: 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 hen used with ca\n+0002f580: 7265 2c20 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 re, '--skip-sig'\n+0002f590: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 and the whiteli\n+0002f5a0: 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 st enable an. \n+0002f5b0: 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 administrator \n+0002f5c0: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 to configure a s\n+0002f5d0: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e ystem to boot on\n+0002f5e0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 ly signed. c\n+0002f5f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 onfigurations, b\n+0002f600: 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 ut to allow the \n+0002f610: 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 user to select f\n+0002f620: 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 rom among multip\n+0002f630: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 le. configur\n+0002f640: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 ations, and to e\n+0002f650: 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 nable \"one-shot\"\n+0002f660: 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 boot attempts a\n+0002f670: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 nd. \"savedef\n+0002f680: 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 ault\" behavior. \n+0002f690: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n+0002f6a0: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+0002f6b0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n+0002f6c0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+0002f6d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002f6e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Node: loadfon\n+0002f6f0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 t, Next: loopba\n+0002f700: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f ck, Prev: load_\n+0002f710: 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e env, Up: Comman\n+0002f720: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+0002f730: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+0002f740: 3136 2e33 2e34 3320 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 16.3.43 loadfont\n+0002f750: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002f760: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f770: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e loadfont file ..\n+0002f780: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 .. Load spec\n+0002f790: 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 ified font files\n+0002f7a0: 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 . Unless absolu\n+0002f7b0: 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 te pathname is g\n+0002f7c0: 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 iven, FILE. \n+0002f7d0: 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 is assumed to be\n+0002f7e0: 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 2724 in directory '$\n+0002f7f0: 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 2720 7769 prefix/fonts' wi\n+0002f800: 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 272e 7066 3227 th suffix '.pf2'\n+0002f810: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 . appended. \n+0002f820: 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 *Note Fonts: Th\n+0002f830: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n+0002f840: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002f850: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nfo, Node: loop\n+0002f860: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c back, Next: ls,\n+0002f870: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Prev: loadfont\n+0002f880: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002f890: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002f8a0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002f8b0: 332e 3434 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 3.44 loopback.--\n+0002f8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002f8d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f -- Command: loo\n+0002f8e0: 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 2064 6576 6963 pback [-d] devic\n+0002f8f0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 e file. Make\n+0002f900: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+0002f910: 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 d DEVICE corresp\n+0002f920: 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ond to the conte\n+0002f930: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nts of the. \n+0002f940: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 filesystem image\n+0002f950: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 in FILE. For e\n+0002f960: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 xample:.. \n+0002f970: 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 loopback loop\n+0002f980: 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0 /path/to/image\n+0002f990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c . ls (l\n+0002f9a0: 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 oop0)/.. Wit\n+0002f9b0: 6820 7468 6520 272d 6427 206f 7074 696f h the '-d' optio\n+0002f9c0: 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 n, delete a devi\n+0002f9d0: 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 ce previously cr\n+0002f9e0: 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 eated using this\n+0002f9f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n+0002fa00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002fa10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e o, Node: ls, N\n+0002fa20: 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 ext: lsfonts, P\n+0002fa30: 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: loopback, \n+0002fa40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002fa50: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002fa60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 commands..16.3.4\n+0002fa70: 3520 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 5 ls.----------.\n+0002fa80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n+0002fa90: 205b 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 [arg ...]. \n+0002faa0: 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 List devices or \n+0002fab0: 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 files... Wit\n+0002fac0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+0002fad0: 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 print all device\n+0002fae0: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e s known to GRUB.\n+0002faf0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+0002fb00: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 gument is a devi\n+0002fb10: 6365 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 ce name enclosed\n+0002fb20: 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 in parentheses \n+0002fb30: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 (*note. Devi\n+0002fb40: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 ce syntax::), th\n+0002fb50: 656e 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d en print the nam\n+0002fb60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 e of the filesys\n+0002fb70: 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 tem of that. \n+0002fb80: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 device... I\n+0002fb90: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 f the argument i\n+0002fba0: 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 s a directory gi\n+0002fbb0: 7665 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ven as an absolu\n+0002fbc0: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 te file name. \n+0002fbd0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 (*note File na\n+0002fbe0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 me syntax::), th\n+0002fbf0: 656e 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 en list the cont\n+0002fc00: 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 ents of that. \n+0002fc10: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a directory.....\n+0002fc20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002fc30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c Node: lsfonts,\n+0002fc40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Next: lsmod, \n+0002fc50: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 Prev: ls, Up: C\n+0002fc60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002fc70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002fc80: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3436 206c 7366 nds..16.3.46 lsf\n+0002fc90: 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onts.-----------\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002fcb0: 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d: lsfonts. \n+0002fcc0: 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 List loaded font\n+0002fcd0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002fce0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n+0002fcf0: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 mod, Next: md5s\n+0002fd00: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e um, Prev: lsfon\n+0002fd10: 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ts, Up: Command\n+0002fd20: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002fd30: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002fd40: 362e 332e 3437 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 6.3.47 lsmod.---\n+0002fd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002fd60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 Command: lsmod. \n+0002fd70: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 Show list of\n+0002fd80: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e loaded modules.\n+0002fd90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002fda0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 nfo, Node: md5s\n+0002fdb0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c um, Next: modul\n+0002fdc0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c e, Prev: lsmod,\n+0002fdd0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fde0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002fdf0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002fe00: 2e34 3820 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .48 md5sum.-----\n+0002fe10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002fe20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 ommand: md5sum a\n+0002fe30: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+0002fe40: 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 756d 202d s for 'hashsum -\n+0002fe50: 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e -hash md5 arg ..\n+0002fe60: 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .'. See command\n+0002fe70: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 'hashsum'. \n+0002fe80: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0002fe90: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0002fea0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0002feb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fec0: 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e: module, Next\n+0002fed0: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 : multiboot, Pr\n+0002fee0: 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a ev: md5sum, Up:\n+0002fef0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002ff00: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002ff10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3439 206d mands..16.3.49 m\n+0002ff20: 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d odule.----------\n+0002ff30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002ff40: 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 d: module [--nou\n+0002ff50: 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 nzip] file [argu\n+0002ff60: 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ments]. Load\n+0002ff70: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 a module for mu\n+0002ff80: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ltiboot kernel i\n+0002ff90: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 mage. The rest \n+0002ffa0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002ffb0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002ffc0: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c tim as the modul\n+0002ffd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command line..\n+0002ffe0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002fff0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 fo, Node: multi\n+00030000: 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6174 boot, Next: nat\n+00030010: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ivedisk, Prev: \n+00030020: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d module, Up: Com\n+00030030: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+00030040: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+00030050: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3530 206d 756c 7469 s..16.3.50 multi\n+00030060: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n+00030070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030080: 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b and: multiboot [\n+00030090: 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 --quirk-bad-klud\n+000300a0: 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ge]. [-\n+000300b0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n+000300c0: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c fter-kernel] fil\n+000300d0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+000300e0: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n+000300f0: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n+00030100: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00030110: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00030120: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00030130: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c m as the \"kernel\n+00030140: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 command-line\". \n+00030150: 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 Any module must\n+00030160: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 be. reloade\n+00030170: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n+00030180: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n+00030190: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e module::)... \n+000301a0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 Some kernels \n+000301b0: 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c have known probl\n+000301c0: 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ems. You need t\n+000301d0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b o specify -quirk\n+000301e0: 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 -* for. thos\n+000301f0: 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b e. -quirk-bad-k\n+00030200: 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c ludge is a probl\n+00030210: 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 em seen in sever\n+00030220: 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 al products. \n+00030230: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 that they inclu\n+00030240: 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 de loading kludg\n+00030250: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 e information wi\n+00030260: 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 th invalid data \n+00030270: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 in. ELF file\n+00030280: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f . GRUB prior to\n+00030290: 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 0.97 and some c\n+000302a0: 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 ustom builds pre\n+000302b0: 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 ferred ELF. \n+000302c0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c information whil\n+000302d0: 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 e 0.97 and GRUB \n+000302e0: 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 2 use kludge. U\n+000302f0: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 se this option t\n+00030300: 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c o. ignore kl\n+00030310: 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 udge. Known aff\n+00030320: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f ected systems: o\n+00030330: 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f ld Solaris, SkyO\n+00030340: 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d S... -quirk-\n+00030350: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n+00030360: 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 rnel is needed f\n+00030370: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 or kernels which\n+00030380: 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 load at. re\n+00030390: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 latively high ad\n+000303a0: 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 dress e.g. 16Mi\n+000303b0: 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 B mark and can't\n+000303c0: 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 cope with. \n+000303d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 modules stuffed \n+000303e0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 between 1MiB mar\n+000303f0: 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 k and beginning \n+00030400: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 of the kernel.. \n+00030410: 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 Known afftec\n+00030420: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 ted systems: VMW\n+00030430: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n+00030440: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030450: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 nativedisk, Nex\n+00030460: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 t: normal, Prev\n+00030470: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 : multiboot, Up\n+00030480: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00030490: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+000304a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3120 mmands..16.3.51 \n+000304b0: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nativedisk.-----\n+000304c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000304d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 -- Command: nati\n+000304e0: 7665 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 vedisk. Swit\n+000304f0: 6368 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 ch from firmware\n+00030500: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f disk drivers to\n+00030510: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 native ones. R\n+00030520: 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 eally useful. \n+00030530: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f only on platfo\n+00030540: 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 rms where both f\n+00030550: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 irmware and nati\n+00030560: 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 ve disk drives a\n+00030570: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c re. availabl\n+00030580: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 e. Currently i3\n+00030590: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 86-pc, i386-efi,\n+000305a0: 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 i386-ieee1275 a\n+000305b0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 nd. x86_64-e\n+000305c0: 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 fi.....File: gru\n+000305d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000305e0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f ormal, Next: no\n+000305f0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 rmal_exit, Prev\n+00030600: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 : nativedisk, U\n+00030610: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00030620: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+00030630: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3532 ommands..16.3.52\n+00030640: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.--------\n+00030650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030660: 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c and: normal [fil\n+00030670: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f e]. Enter no\n+00030680: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 rmal mode and di\n+00030690: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d splay the GRUB m\n+000306a0: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f enu... In no\n+000306b0: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 rmal mode, comma\n+000306c0: 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 nds, filesystem \n+000306d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 modules, and cry\n+000306e0: 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d ptography. m\n+000306f0: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d odules are autom\n+00030700: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c atically loaded,\n+00030710: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 and the full GR\n+00030720: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 UB script parser\n+00030730: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 . is availab\n+00030740: 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c le. Other modul\n+00030750: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 es may be explic\n+00030760: 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e itly loaded usin\n+00030770: 670a 2020 2020 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 g. 'insmod' \n+00030780: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+00030790: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c ... If a FIL\n+000307a0: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e E is given, then\n+000307b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 commands will b\n+000307c0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 e read from that\n+000307d0: 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 file.. Othe\n+000307e0: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c rwise, they will\n+000307f0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 2724 be read from '$\n+00030800: 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 prefix/grub.cfg'\n+00030810: 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a if it exists...\n+00030820: 2020 2020 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 6d61 'normal' ma\n+00030830: 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d y be called from\n+00030840: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d within normal m\n+00030850: 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 ode, creating a \n+00030860: 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 nested. envi\n+00030870: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 ronment. It is \n+00030880: 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 more usual to us\n+00030890: 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 e 'configfile' (\n+000308a0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 *note. confi\n+000308b0: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 gfile::) for thi\n+000308c0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000308d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n+000308e0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rmal_exit, Next\n+000308f0: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 : parttool, Pre\n+00030900: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: normal, Up: \n+00030910: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00030920: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00030930: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3320 6e6f ands..16.3.53 no\n+00030940: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal_exit.------\n+00030950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00030960: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d -- Command: norm\n+00030970: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 al_exit. Exi\n+00030980: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a t normal mode (*\n+00030990: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n+000309a0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 If this instanc\n+000309b0: 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 e of normal mode\n+000309c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 . was not ne\n+000309d0: 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 sted within anot\n+000309e0: 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 her one, then re\n+000309f0: 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d turn to rescue m\n+00030a00: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n+00030a10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030a20: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a parttool, Next:\n+00030a30: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 password, Prev\n+00030a40: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n+00030a50: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00030a60: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+00030a70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 commands..16.3.5\n+00030a80: 3420 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 parttool.-----\n+00030a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00030aa0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f Command: partto\n+00030ab0: 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d ol partition com\n+00030ac0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 mands. Make \n+00030ad0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 various modifica\n+00030ae0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 tions to partiti\n+00030af0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 on table entries\n+00030b00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d ... Each COM\n+00030b10: 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 MAND is either a\n+00030b20: 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c boolean option,\n+00030b30: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 in which case i\n+00030b40: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 t must be. f\n+00030b50: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 2027 2b27 ollowed with '+'\n+00030b60: 206f 7220 272d 2720 2877 6974 6820 6e6f or '-' (with no\n+00030b70: 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 intervening spa\n+00030b80: 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 ce) to enable or\n+00030b90: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . disable th\n+00030ba0: 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c at option, or el\n+00030bb0: 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 se it takes a va\n+00030bc0: 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a lue in the form.\n+00030bd0: 2020 2020 2027 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 'COMMAND=VA\n+00030be0: 4c55 4527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 LUE'... Curr\n+00030bf0: 656e 746c 792c 2027 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ently, 'parttool\n+00030c00: 2720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c ' is only useful\n+00030c10: 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f on DOS partitio\n+00030c20: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 n tables (also. \n+00030c30: 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 known as Mas\n+00030c40: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c ter Boot Record,\n+00030c50: 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 or MBR). On the\n+00030c60: 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 se partition tab\n+00030c70: 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f les,. the fo\n+00030c80: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 llowing commands\n+00030c90: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a are available:.\n+00030ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6f6f 7427 2028 626f . 'boot' (bo\n+00030cb0: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n+00030cc0: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n+00030cd0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 his makes the se\n+00030ce0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n+00030cf0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 be the active. \n+00030d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 (bootab\n+00030d10: 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e le) partition on\n+00030d20: 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 its disk, clear\n+00030d30: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 ing the active f\n+00030d40: 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lag on. \n+00030d50: 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 all other parti\n+00030d60: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tions. This com\n+00030d70: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 mand is limited \n+00030d80: 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 to _primary_. \n+00030d90: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n+00030da0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7479 7065 2720 s... 'type' \n+00030db0: 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (value). \n+00030dc0: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 Change the typ\n+00030dd0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 e of an existing\n+00030de0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 partition. The\n+00030df0: 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 value must be a\n+00030e00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 . numbe\n+00030e10: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n+00030e20: 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 -0xFF (prefix wi\n+00030e30: 7468 2027 3078 2720 746f 2065 6e74 6572 th '0x' to enter\n+00030e40: 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it in. \n+00030e50: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a hexadecimal)...\n+00030e60: 2020 2020 2027 6869 6464 656e 2720 2862 'hidden' (b\n+00030e70: 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oolean). \n+00030e80: 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 When enabled, \n+00030e90: 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 this hides the s\n+00030ea0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n+00030eb0: 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 n by setting the\n+00030ec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 6464 . \"hidd\n+00030ed0: 656e 2220 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 en\" bit in its p\n+00030ee0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n+00030ef0: 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 de; when disable\n+00030f00: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 d,. unh\n+00030f10: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 ides the selecte\n+00030f20: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 d partition by c\n+00030f30: 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 learing this bit\n+00030f40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n+00030f50: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 useful only\n+00030f60: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f when booting DO\n+00030f70: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 S or Windows and\n+00030f80: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 multiple primar\n+00030f90: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 y. FAT \n+00030fa0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 partitions exist\n+00030fb0: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 in one disk. S\n+00030fc0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ee also *note. \n+00030fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 DOS/Wind\n+00030fe0: 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ows::.....File: \n+00030ff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00031000: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 : password, Nex\n+00031010: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 t: password_pbkd\n+00031020: 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 f2, Prev: partt\n+00031030: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ool, Up: Comman\n+00031040: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00031050: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00031060: 3136 2e33 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 16.3.55 password\n+00031070: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00031080: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00031090: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 636c password user cl\n+000310a0: 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 ear-password. \n+000310b0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n+000310c0: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n+000310d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 password CLEAR-P\n+000310e0: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ASSWORD. *Note.\n+000310f0: 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Security::.\n+00031100: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00031110: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n+00031120: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 word_pbkdf2, Ne\n+00031130: 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: play, Prev:\n+00031140: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 password, Up: \n+00031150: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00031160: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00031170: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3620 7061 ands..16.3.56 pa\n+00031180: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d ssword_pbkdf2.--\n 00031190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000311a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000311b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 mand: password_p\n-000311c0: 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 bkdf2 user hashe\n-000311d0: 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d-password. \n-000311e0: 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 Define a user na\n-000311f0: 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 med USER with pa\n-00031200: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 ssword hash HASH\n-00031210: 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 ED-PASSWORD. Us\n-00031220: 650a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 e. 'grub-mkp\n-00031230: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 282a asswd-pbkdf2' (*\n-00031240: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n-00031250: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00031260: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 f2::) to. ge\n-00031270: 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 nerate password \n-00031280: 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 hashes. *Note S\n-00031290: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n-000312a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000312b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 Node: play, Nex\n-000312c0: 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: probe, Prev:\n-000312d0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-000312e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000312f0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-00031300: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-00031310: 332e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.57 play.------\n-00031320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00031330: 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c and: play file |\n-00031340: 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 tempo [pitch1 d\n-00031350: 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 uration1] [pitch\n-00031360: 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 2 duration2] ...\n-00031370: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 . Plays a tu\n-00031380: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ne.. If the \n-00031390: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 argument is a fi\n-000313a0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 le name (*note F\n-000313b0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-000313c0: 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 :), play the. \n-000313d0: 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 tune recorded \n-000313e0: 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 in it. The file\n-000313f0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 format is first\n-00031400: 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e the tempo as an\n-00031410: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 . unsigned 3\n-00031420: 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 2bit little-endi\n-00031430: 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 an number, then \n-00031440: 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 pairs of unsigne\n-00031450: 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 d 16bit. lit\n-00031460: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 tle-endian numbe\n-00031470: 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 rs for pitch and\n-00031480: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e duration pairs.\n-00031490: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n-000314a0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 guments are a se\n-000314b0: 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c ries of numbers,\n-000314c0: 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 play the inline\n-000314d0: 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 tune... The\n-000314e0: 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 tempo is the ba\n-000314f0: 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 se for all note \n-00031500: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 durations. 60 g\n-00031510: 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a ives a 1-second.\n-00031520: 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 base, 120 g\n-00031530: 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f ives a half-seco\n-00031540: 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 nd base, etc. P\n-00031550: 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 itches are Hz. \n-00031560: 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 Set. pitch t\n-00031570: 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 o 0 to produce a\n-00031580: 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rest.....File: \n-00031590: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000315a0: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : probe, Next: \n-000315b0: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c rdmsr, Prev: pl\n-000315c0: 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ay, Up: Command\n-000315d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-000315e0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-000315f0: 362e 332e 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 6.3.58 probe.---\n-00031600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00031610: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b Command: probe [\n-00031620: 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 --set var]. \n-00031630: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d --driver|--\n-00031640: 7061 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 partmap|--fs|--f\n-00031650: 732d 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d s-uuid|--label|-\n-00031660: 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 -part-uuid devic\n-00031670: 650a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 e. Retrieve \n-00031680: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00031690: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 on. If option '\n-000316a0: 2d2d 7365 7427 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c --set' is given,\n-000316b0: 2061 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 assign. res\n-000316c0: 756c 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ult to variable \n-000316d0: 5641 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 VAR, otherwise p\n-000316e0: 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e rint information\n-000316f0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a on the screen..\n-00031700: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e . The option\n-00031710: 2027 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6427 2069 '--part-uuid' i\n-00031720: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n-00031730: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 implemented for\n-00031740: 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 MSDOS. and \n-00031750: 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT formatted di\n-00031760: 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sks.....File: gr\n-00031770: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00031780: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 rdmsr, Next: re\n-00031790: 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 ad, Prev: probe\n-000317a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000317b0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-000317c0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-000317d0: 332e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.59 rdmsr.-----\n-000317e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000317f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: rdmsr 0x\n-00031800: 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 ADDR [-v VARNAME\n-00031810: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Read a mo\n-00031820: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n-00031830: 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 ister at address\n-00031840: 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 0xADDR. If the \n-00031850: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 2027 parameter. '\n-00031860: 2d76 2720 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 -v' is used and \n-00031870: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-00031880: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 ariable VARNAME \n-00031890: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 is given, set th\n-000318a0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d at. environm\n-000318b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ent variable to \n-000318c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 the value that w\n-000318d0: 6173 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 as read... P\n-000318e0: 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 lease note that \n-000318f0: 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 on SMP systems, \n-00031900: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d reading from a M\n-00031910: 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 SR that has a. \n-00031920: 2020 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 scope per har\n-00031930: 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d dware thread, im\n-00031940: 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 plies that the v\n-00031950: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 alue that is ret\n-00031960: 7572 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 urned. only \n-00031970: 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 applies to the p\n-00031980: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f articular cpu/co\n-00031990: 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 re/thread that r\n-000319a0: 756e 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d uns the. com\n-000319b0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f mand... Also\n-000319c0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 , if you specify\n-000319d0: 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 a reserved or u\n-000319e0: 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 nimplemented MSR\n-000319f0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 address, it. \n-00031a00: 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 will cause a g\n-00031a10: 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f eneral protectio\n-00031a20: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 n exception (whi\n-00031a30: 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e ch is not curren\n-00031a40: 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 tly. being h\n-00031a50: 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 andled) and the \n-00031a60: 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f system will rebo\n-00031a70: 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ot.....File: gru\n-00031a80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00031a90: 6561 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f ead, Next: rebo\n-00031aa0: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 ot, Prev: rdmsr\n-00031ab0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00031ac0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-00031ad0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-00031ae0: 332e 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.60 read.------\n-00031af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00031b00: 616e 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b76 6172 5d0a and: read [var].\n-00031b10: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 Read a line\n-00031b20: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 of input from t\n-00031b30: 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 he user. If an \n-00031b40: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00031b50: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 able VAR. is\n-00031b60: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n-00031b70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00031b80: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e iable to the lin\n-00031b90: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a e of input that.\n-00031ba0: 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 was read, w\n-00031bb0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 ith no terminati\n-00031bc0: 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ng newline.....F\n-00031bd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00031be0: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 Node: reboot, \n-00031bf0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 Next: regexp, P\n-00031c00: 7265 763a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: read, Up: \n-00031c10: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00031c20: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-00031c30: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3120 7265 ands..16.3.61 re\n-00031c40: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n-00031c50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00031c60: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 : reboot. Re\n-00031c70: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 boot the compute\n-00031c80: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n-00031c90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n-00031ca0: 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d gexp, Next: rmm\n-00031cb0: 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f od, Prev: reboo\n-00031cc0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00031cd0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-00031ce0: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-00031cf0: 2e33 2e36 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d .3.62 regexp.---\n-00031d00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00031d10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 Command: regexp\n-00031d20: 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a [--set [number:\n-00031d30: 5d76 6172 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 ]var] regexp str\n-00031d40: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 ing. Test if\n-00031d50: 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 regular express\n-00031d60: 696f 6e20 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 ion REGEXP match\n-00031d70: 6573 2053 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 es STRING. Supp\n-00031d80: 6f72 7465 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c orted. regul\n-00031d90: 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 ar expressions a\n-00031da0: 7265 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e re POSIX.2 Exten\n-00031db0: 6465 6420 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 ded Regular Expr\n-00031dc0: 6573 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 essions. If. \n-00031dd0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 option '--set'\n-00031de0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 is given, store\n-00031df0: 204e 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 NUMBERth matche\n-00031e00: 6420 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 d subexpression \n-00031e10: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 in. variable\n-00031e20: 2056 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 VAR. Subexpres\n-00031e30: 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 sions are number\n-00031e40: 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 ed in order of t\n-00031e50: 6865 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e heir. openin\n-00031e60: 6720 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 g parentheses st\n-00031e70: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 2731 272e arting from '1'.\n-00031e80: 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 NUMBER default\n-00031e90: 7320 746f 2027 3127 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s to '1'.....Fil\n-00031ea0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00031eb0: 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 ode: rmmod, Nex\n-00031ec0: 743a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 t: save_env, Pr\n-00031ed0: 6576 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a ev: regexp, Up:\n-00031ee0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-00031ef0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-00031f00: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3633 2072 mands..16.3.63 r\n-00031f10: 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mmod.-----------\n-00031f20: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00031f30: 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 rmmod module. \n-00031f40: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 Remove a load\n-00031f50: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n-00031f60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00031f70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: save_env, \n-00031f80: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Next: search, \n-00031f90: 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: rmmod, Up\n-00031fa0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00031fb0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00031fc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3420 mmands..16.3.64 \n-00031fd0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d save_env.-------\n-00031fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00031ff0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ommand: save_env\n-00032000: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 [--file file] v\n-00032010: 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 ar .... Save\n-00032020: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 the named varia\n-00032030: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n-00032040: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 vironment to the\n-00032050: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 environment. \n-00032060: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a block file. *\n-00032070: 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Note Environment\n-00032080: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-00032090: 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 The '--file' opt\n-000320a0: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n-000320b0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n-000320c0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n-000320d0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-000320e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-000320f0: 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 mand will operat\n-00032100: 6520 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 e successfully e\n-00032110: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ven when environ\n-00032120: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 ment. variab\n-00032130: 6c65 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 le 'check_signat\n-00032140: 7572 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ures' is set to \n-00032150: 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 'enforce' (*note\n-00032160: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e . check_sign\n-00032170: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 atures::), since\n-00032180: 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 it writes to di\n-00032190: 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 sk and does not \n-000321a0: 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 alter the. b\n-000321b0: 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 ehavior of GRUB \n-000321c0: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e based on any con\n-000321d0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 tents of disk th\n-000321e0: 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 at have been rea\n-000321f0: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f d.. It is po\n-00032200: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 ssible to modify\n-00032210: 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 a digitally sig\n-00032220: 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ned environment \n-00032230: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 block file. \n-00032240: 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 from within GRUB\n-00032250: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n-00032260: 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 and, such that i\n-00032270: 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c ts signature wil\n-00032280: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 l. no longer\n-00032290: 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 be valid on sub\n-000322a0: 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 sequent boots. \n-000322b0: 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 Care should be t\n-000322c0: 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 aken in. suc\n-000322d0: 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 h advanced confi\n-000322e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f gurations to avo\n-000322f0: 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 id rendering the\n-00032300: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 system. unb\n-00032310: 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ootable. *Note \n-00032320: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00032330: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-00032340: 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d more. inform\n-00032350: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-00032360: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032370: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a : search, Next:\n-00032380: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a sendkey, Prev:\n-00032390: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 save_env, Up: \n-000323a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-000323b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-000323c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3520 7365 ands..16.3.65 se\n-000323d0: 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d arch.-----------\n-000323e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000323f0: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 : search [--file\n-00032400: 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 |--label|--fs-uu\n-00032410: 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d id] [--set [var]\n-00032420: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e ]. [--n\n-00032430: 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 o-floppy] name. \n-00032440: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 Search devic\n-00032450: 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 272d 6627 es by file ('-f'\n-00032460: 2c20 272d 2d66 696c 6527 292c 2066 696c , '--file'), fil\n-00032470: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 2827 esystem label ('\n-00032480: 2d6c 272c 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d6c 6162 -l',. '--lab\n-00032490: 656c 2729 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 el'), or filesys\n-000324a0: 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 272d 7527 2c20 tem UUID ('-u', \n-000324b0: 272d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2729 2e0a 0a20 '--fs-uuid')... \n-000324c0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7365 If the '--se\n-000324d0: 7427 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 t' option is use\n-000324e0: 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 d, the first dev\n-000324f0: 6963 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 2073 6574 ice found is set\n-00032500: 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c as the. val\n-00032510: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n-00032520: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 t variable VAR. \n-00032530: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 The default var\n-00032540: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2027 726f 6f74 272e iable is 'root'.\n-00032550: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f .. The '--no\n-00032560: 2d66 6c6f 7070 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -floppy' option \n-00032570: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 prevents searchi\n-00032580: 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 ng floppy device\n-00032590: 732c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6361 s, which. ca\n-000325a0: 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 n be slow... \n-000325b0: 2054 6865 2027 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c The 'search.fil\n-000325c0: 6527 2c20 2773 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c e', 'search.fs_l\n-000325d0: 6162 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 7365 6172 abel', and 'sear\n-000325e0: 6368 2e66 735f 7575 6964 2720 636f 6d6d ch.fs_uuid' comm\n-000325f0: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c ands. are al\n-00032600: 6961 7365 7320 666f 7220 2773 6561 7263 iases for 'searc\n-00032610: 6820 2d2d 6669 6c65 272c 2027 7365 6172 h --file', 'sear\n-00032620: 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 272c 2061 6e64 ch --label', and\n-00032630: 2027 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 'search. --\n-00032640: 6673 2d75 7569 6427 2072 6573 7065 6374 fs-uuid' respect\n-00032650: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ively.....File: \n-00032660: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032670: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 : sendkey, Next\n-00032680: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 : set, Prev: se\n-00032690: 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 arch, Up: Comma\n-000326a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-000326b0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-000326c0: 0a31 362e 332e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 .16.3.66 sendkey\n-000326d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000326e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-000326f0: 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey. \n-00032700: 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d [--num|--caps|-\n-00032710: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 -scroll|--insert\n-00032720: 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d |--pause|--left-\n-00032730: 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 shift|--right-sh\n-00032740: 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 ift|--sysrq|--nu\n-00032750: 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d mkey|--capskey|-\n-00032760: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 -scrollkey|--ins\n-00032770: 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c ertkey|--left-al\n-00032780: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d t|--right-alt|--\n-00032790: 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 left-ctrl|--righ\n-000327a0: 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t-ctrl. \n-000327b0: 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d on|off]... [no-\n-000327c0: 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 led] keystroke. \n-000327d0: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 Insert keyst\n-000327e0: 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b rokes into the k\n-000327f0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 eyboard buffer w\n-00032800: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f hen booting. So\n-00032810: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 metimes. an \n-00032820: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00032830: 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 or chainloaded \n-00032840: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 boot loader requ\n-00032850: 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a ires particular.\n-00032860: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 keys to be \n-00032870: 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 pressed: for exa\n-00032880: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 mple, one might \n-00032890: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a need to press a.\n-000328a0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 particular \n-000328b0: 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 key to enter \"sa\n-000328c0: 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 fe mode\", or whe\n-000328d0: 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 n chainloading a\n-000328e0: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 nother. boot\n-000328f0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 loader one migh\n-00032900: 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 t send keystroke\n-00032910: 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 s to it to navig\n-00032920: 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 ate its menu... \n-00032930: 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 You may prov\n-00032940: 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 206b 6579 ide up to 16 key\n-00032950: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 206c 656e strokes (the len\n-00032960: 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 494f 530a gth of the BIOS.\n-00032970: 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 keyboard bu\n-00032980: 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 7472 6f6b ffer). Keystrok\n-00032990: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 e names may be u\n-000329a0: 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 206c 6f77 pper-case or low\n-000329b0: 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 2020 206c 6574 er-case. let\n-000329c0: 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 7473 2c20 6f72 ters, digits, or\n-000329d0: 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 taken from the \n-000329e0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a following table:\n-000329f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d 6520 2020 2020 .. Name \n+000311a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000311b0: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b nd: password_pbk\n+000311c0: 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d df2 user hashed-\n+000311d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 password. De\n+000311e0: 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 fine a user name\n+000311f0: 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 d USER with pass\n+00031200: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 word hash HASHED\n+00031210: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a -PASSWORD. Use.\n+00031220: 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 'grub-mkpas\n+00031230: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 282a 6e6f swd-pbkdf2' (*no\n+00031240: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00031250: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00031260: 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 ::) to. gene\n+00031270: 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 rate password ha\n+00031280: 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 shes. *Note Sec\n+00031290: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+000312a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000312b0: 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: play, Next:\n+000312c0: 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 probe, Prev: p\n+000312d0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+000312e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000312f0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00031300: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00031310: 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 57 play.--------\n+00031320: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031330: 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 d: play file | t\n+00031340: 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 empo [pitch1 dur\n+00031350: 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 ation1] [pitch2 \n+00031360: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 duration2] .... \n+00031370: 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 Plays a tune\n+00031380: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+00031390: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 gument is a file\n+000313a0: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name (*note Fil\n+000313b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+000313c0: 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , play the. \n+000313d0: 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e tune recorded in\n+000313e0: 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 it. The file f\n+000313f0: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 ormat is first t\n+00031400: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 he tempo as an. \n+00031410: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 unsigned 32b\n+00031420: 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e it little-endian\n+00031430: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 number, then pa\n+00031440: 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 irs of unsigned \n+00031450: 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 16bit. littl\n+00031460: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 e-endian numbers\n+00031470: 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 for pitch and d\n+00031480: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a uration pairs...\n+00031490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+000314a0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 ments are a seri\n+000314b0: 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 es of numbers, p\n+000314c0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 lay the inline t\n+000314d0: 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 une... The t\n+000314e0: 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 empo is the base\n+000314f0: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 for all note du\n+00031500: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 rations. 60 giv\n+00031510: 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 es a 1-second. \n+00031520: 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 base, 120 giv\n+00031530: 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 es a half-second\n+00031540: 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 base, etc. Pit\n+00031550: 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 ches are Hz. Se\n+00031560: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 t. pitch to \n+00031570: 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 0 to produce a r\n+00031580: 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 est.....File: gr\n+00031590: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000315a0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 probe, Next: rd\n+000315b0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 msr, Prev: play\n+000315c0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000315d0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+000315e0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+000315f0: 332e 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.58 probe.-----\n+00031600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00031610: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d mmand: probe [--\n+00031620: 7365 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 set var]. \n+00031630: 2020 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 --driver|--pa\n+00031640: 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d rtmap|--fs|--fs-\n+00031650: 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 uuid|--label|--p\n+00031660: 6172 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a art-uuid device.\n+00031670: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 Retrieve de\n+00031680: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n+00031690: 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d . If option '--\n+000316a0: 7365 7427 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 set' is given, a\n+000316b0: 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c ssign. resul\n+000316c0: 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 t to variable VA\n+000316d0: 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 R, otherwise pri\n+000316e0: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f nt information o\n+000316f0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 n the screen... \n+00031700: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 The option '\n+00031710: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6427 2069 7320 --part-uuid' is \n+00031720: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 currently only i\n+00031730: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d mplemented for M\n+00031740: 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 SDOS. and GP\n+00031750: 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T formatted disk\n+00031760: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00031770: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .info, Node: rd\n+00031780: 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 msr, Next: read\n+00031790: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Prev: probe, \n+000317a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000317b0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+000317c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+000317d0: 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 59 rdmsr.-------\n+000317e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000317f0: 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: rdmsr 0xAD\n+00031800: 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a DR [-v VARNAME].\n+00031810: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 Read a mode\n+00031820: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n+00031830: 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 ter at address 0\n+00031840: 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 xADDR. If the pa\n+00031850: 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 rameter. '-v\n+00031860: 2720 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e ' is used and an\n+00031870: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00031880: 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 iable VARNAME is\n+00031890: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n+000318a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+000318b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 t variable to th\n+000318c0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 e value that was\n+000318d0: 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 read... Ple\n+000318e0: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n+000318f0: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 SMP systems, re\n+00031900: 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 ading from a MSR\n+00031910: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 that has a. \n+00031920: 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 scope per hardw\n+00031930: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n+00031940: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n+00031950: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 ue that is retur\n+00031960: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 ned. only ap\n+00031970: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n+00031980: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n+00031990: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n+000319a0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the. comma\n+000319b0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n+000319c0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n+000319d0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n+000319e0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n+000319f0: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n+00031a00: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n+00031a10: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n+00031a20: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n+00031a30: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n+00031a40: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n+00031a50: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n+00031a60: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n+00031a70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00031a80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 info, Node: rea\n+00031a90: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 d, Next: reboot\n+00031aa0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Prev: rdmsr, \n+00031ab0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00031ac0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00031ad0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00031ae0: 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 60 read.--------\n+00031af0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031b00: 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 d: read [var]. \n+00031b10: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f Read a line o\n+00031b20: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 f input from the\n+00031b30: 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e user. If an en\n+00031b40: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00031b50: 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 le VAR. is g\n+00031b60: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 iven, set that e\n+00031b70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00031b80: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ble to the line \n+00031b90: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 of input that. \n+00031ba0: 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 was read, wit\n+00031bb0: 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 h no terminating\n+00031bc0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c newline.....Fil\n+00031bd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00031be0: 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 ode: reboot, Ne\n+00031bf0: 7874 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 xt: regexp, Pre\n+00031c00: 763a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: read, Up: Co\n+00031c10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+00031c20: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+00031c30: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3120 7265 626f ds..16.3.61 rebo\n+00031c40: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n+00031c50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00031c60: 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f reboot. Rebo\n+00031c70: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ot the computer.\n+00031c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00031c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 nfo, Node: rege\n+00031ca0: 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 xp, Next: rmmod\n+00031cb0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c , Prev: reboot,\n+00031cc0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00031cd0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+00031ce0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+00031cf0: 2e36 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .62 regexp.-----\n+00031d00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00031d10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b ommand: regexp [\n+00031d20: 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 --set [number:]v\n+00031d30: 6172 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e ar] regexp strin\n+00031d40: 670a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 g. Test if r\n+00031d50: 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f egular expressio\n+00031d60: 6e20 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 n REGEXP matches\n+00031d70: 2053 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 STRING. Suppor\n+00031d80: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 ted. regular\n+00031d90: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 expressions are\n+00031da0: 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 POSIX.2 Extende\n+00031db0: 6420 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 d Regular Expres\n+00031dc0: 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 sions. If. \n+00031dd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 2069 option '--set' i\n+00031de0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e s given, store N\n+00031df0: 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 UMBERth matched \n+00031e00: 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e subexpression in\n+00031e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 . variable V\n+00031e20: 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 AR. Subexpressi\n+00031e30: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 ons are numbered\n+00031e40: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in order of the\n+00031e50: 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 ir. opening \n+00031e60: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 parentheses star\n+00031e70: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 2731 272e 2020 ting from '1'. \n+00031e80: 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 NUMBER defaults \n+00031e90: 746f 2027 3127 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to '1'.....File:\n+00031ea0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00031eb0: 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: rmmod, Next:\n+00031ec0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 save_env, Prev\n+00031ed0: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : regexp, Up: C\n+00031ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+00031ef0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+00031f00: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3633 2072 6d6d nds..16.3.63 rmm\n+00031f10: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n+00031f20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n+00031f30: 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 mmod module. \n+00031f40: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 Remove a loaded\n+00031f50: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n+00031f60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00031f70: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: save_env, N\n+00031f80: 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 ext: search, Pr\n+00031f90: 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rmmod, Up: \n+00031fa0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00031fb0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00031fc0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3420 7361 ands..16.3.64 sa\n+00031fd0: 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ve_env.---------\n+00031fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00031ff0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b mand: save_env [\n+00032000: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 --file file] var\n+00032010: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 .... Save t\n+00032020: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c he named variabl\n+00032030: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 es from the envi\n+00032040: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 ronment to the e\n+00032050: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 nvironment. \n+00032060: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f block file. *No\n+00032070: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n+00032080: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lock::... Th\n+00032090: 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 696f e '--file' optio\n+000320a0: 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 n overrides the \n+000320b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e default location\n+000320c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 of the. env\n+000320d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n+000320e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+000320f0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nd will operate \n+00032100: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 successfully eve\n+00032110: 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n when environme\n+00032120: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n+00032130: 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 'check_signatur\n+00032140: 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2765 es' is set to 'e\n+00032150: 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 nforce' (*note. \n+00032160: 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 check_signat\n+00032170: 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 2069 ures::), since i\n+00032180: 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 736b t writes to disk\n+00032190: 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c and does not al\n+000321a0: 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6568 ter the. beh\n+000321b0: 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6261 avior of GRUB ba\n+000321c0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 sed on any conte\n+000321d0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 nts of disk that\n+000321e0: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e have been read.\n+000321f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f 7373 . It is poss\n+00032200: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 ible to modify a\n+00032210: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n+00032220: 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c d environment bl\n+00032230: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6672 ock file. fr\n+00032240: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 2075 om within GRUB u\n+00032250: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n+00032260: 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 7473 d, such that its\n+00032270: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c0a signature will.\n+00032280: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 no longer b\n+00032290: 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 e valid on subse\n+000322a0: 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4361 quent boots. Ca\n+000322b0: 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b re should be tak\n+000322c0: 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 en in. such \n+000322d0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 advanced configu\n+000322e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 rations to avoid\n+000322f0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2073 rendering the s\n+00032300: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f ystem. unboo\n+00032310: 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 table. *Note Us\n+00032320: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00032330: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00032340: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00032350: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00032360: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032370: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 search, Next: s\n+00032380: 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 endkey, Prev: s\n+00032390: 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ave_env, Up: Co\n+000323a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000323b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000323c0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3520 7365 6172 ds..16.3.65 sear\n+000323d0: 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ch.-------------\n+000323e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000323f0: 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d search [--file|-\n+00032400: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 -label|--fs-uuid\n+00032410: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a ] [--set [var]].\n+00032420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n+00032430: 666c 6f70 7079 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 floppy] name. \n+00032440: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 Search devices\n+00032450: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 272d 6627 2c20 by file ('-f', \n+00032460: 272d 2d66 696c 6527 292c 2066 696c 6573 '--file'), files\n+00032470: 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 2827 2d6c ystem label ('-l\n+00032480: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d6c 6162 656c ',. '--label\n+00032490: 2729 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 '), or filesyste\n+000324a0: 6d20 5555 4944 2028 272d 7527 2c20 272d m UUID ('-u', '-\n+000324b0: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 -fs-uuid')... \n+000324c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 If the '--set'\n+000324d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n+000324e0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 the first devic\n+000324f0: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 2073 6574 2061 e found is set a\n+00032500: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 s the. value\n+00032510: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+00032520: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 variable VAR. T\n+00032530: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 he default varia\n+00032540: 626c 6520 6973 2027 726f 6f74 272e 0a0a ble is 'root'...\n+00032550: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 The '--no-f\n+00032560: 6c6f 7070 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 loppy' option pr\n+00032570: 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 events searching\n+00032580: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c floppy devices,\n+00032590: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 which. can \n+000325a0: 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be slow... T\n+000325b0: 6865 2027 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c 6527 he 'search.file'\n+000325c0: 2c20 2773 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 , 'search.fs_lab\n+000325d0: 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 el', and 'search\n+000325e0: 2e66 735f 7575 6964 2720 636f 6d6d 616e .fs_uuid' comman\n+000325f0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 ds. are alia\n+00032600: 7365 7320 666f 7220 2773 6561 7263 6820 ses for 'search \n+00032610: 2d2d 6669 6c65 272c 2027 7365 6172 6368 --file', 'search\n+00032620: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 --label', and '\n+00032630: 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 search. --fs\n+00032640: 2d75 7569 6427 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 -uuid' respectiv\n+00032650: 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ely.....File: gr\n+00032660: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032670: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 sendkey, Next: \n+00032680: 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6172 set, Prev: sear\n+00032690: 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ch, Up: Command\n+000326a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+000326b0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+000326c0: 362e 332e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 6.3.66 sendkey.-\n+000326d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000326e0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e -- Command: sen\n+000326f0: 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b dkey. [\n+00032700: 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 --num|--caps|--s\n+00032710: 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d croll|--insert|-\n+00032720: 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 -pause|--left-sh\n+00032730: 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 ift|--right-shif\n+00032740: 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b t|--sysrq|--numk\n+00032750: 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 ey|--capskey|--s\n+00032760: 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 crollkey|--inser\n+00032770: 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c tkey|--left-alt|\n+00032780: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 --right-alt|--le\n+00032790: 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d ft-ctrl|--right-\n+000327a0: 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f ctrl. o\n+000327b0: 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 n|off]... [no-le\n+000327c0: 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 d] keystroke. \n+000327d0: 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f Insert keystro\n+000327e0: 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 kes into the key\n+000327f0: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 board buffer whe\n+00032800: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 n booting. Some\n+00032810: 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 times. an op\n+00032820: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f erating system o\n+00032830: 7220 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f r chainloaded bo\n+00032840: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 ot loader requir\n+00032850: 6573 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 es particular. \n+00032860: 2020 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 keys to be pr\n+00032870: 6573 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 essed: for examp\n+00032880: 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 le, one might ne\n+00032890: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 ed to press a. \n+000328a0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 particular ke\n+000328b0: 7920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 y to enter \"safe\n+000328c0: 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 mode\", or when \n+000328d0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n+000328e0: 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c ther. boot l\n+000328f0: 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 oader one might \n+00032900: 7365 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 send keystrokes \n+00032910: 746f 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 to it to navigat\n+00032920: 6520 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e its menu... \n+00032930: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 You may provid\n+00032940: 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 206b 6579 7374 e up to 16 keyst\n+00032950: 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 206c 656e 6774 rokes (the lengt\n+00032960: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 494f 530a 2020 h of the BIOS. \n+00032970: 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 keyboard buff\n+00032980: 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6520 er). 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F3 \n 00033150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a 2020 2020 F3. \n-00033170: 2046 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n-00033180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-00033190: 340a 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 4. F5 \n+00033160: 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a 2020 2020 2046 F3. F\n+00033170: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n+00033180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 340a F4.\n+00033190: 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n 000331a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000331b0: 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 F5. F6 \n+000331b0: 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 2020 F5. F6 \n 000331c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000331d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 F6. \n-000331e0: 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n-000331f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033200: 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 F7. F8 \n+000331d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 2020 F6. \n+000331e0: 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+000331f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+00033200: 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 2020 7. F8 \n 00033210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033220: 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 F8. F\n-00033230: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n-00033240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a F9.\n-00033250: 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+00033220: 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 3920 F8. F9 \n+00033230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a 2020 F9. \n+00033250: 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n 00033260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033270: 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 F10. F11 \n+00033270: 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 2020 F10. F11 \n 00033280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 F11. \n-000332a0: 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n-000332b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000332c0: 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 F12. num1 \n+00033290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 2020 F11. \n+000332a0: 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+000332b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+000332c0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 12. num1 \n 000332d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000332e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 1 (numer\n-000332f0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00033300: 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n-00033310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 2 \n-00033320: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00033330: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 . num3 \n+000332e0: 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 6963 1 (numeric\n+000332f0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00033300: 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m2 \n+00033310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 286e 2 (n\n+00033320: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00033330: 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n 00033340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033350: 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 3 (numeric k\n-00033360: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 eypad). num4\n+00033350: 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 3 (numeric key\n+00033360: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 pad). num4 \n 00033370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 4 (num\n-00033390: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000333a0: 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n-000333b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000333c0: 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 5 (numeric keypa\n-000333d0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 d). num6 \n+00033380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 6572 4 (numer\n+00033390: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000333a0: 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+000333b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 5 \n+000333c0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000333d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 2020 . num6 \n 000333e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000333f0: 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 6 (numeric\n-00033400: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00033410: 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m7 \n-00033420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 7 (n\n-00033430: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00033440: 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+000333f0: 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6 (numeric k\n+00033400: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 eypad). num7\n+00033410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 756d 7 (num\n+00033430: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00033440: 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n 00033450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033460: 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 8 (numeric key\n-00033470: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 pad). num9 \n+00033460: 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 8 (numeric keypa\n+00033470: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 d). num9 \n 00033480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 9 (numer\n-000334a0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000334b0: 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n-000334c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 0 \n-000334d0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-000334e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 . numperiod \n+00033490: 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 6963 9 (numeric\n+000334a0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000334b0: 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m0 \n+000334c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 286e 0 (n\n+000334d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000334e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 2020 numperiod \n 000334f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033500: 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 . (numeric \n-00033510: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00033520: 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n-00033530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 End (\n-00033540: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00033550: 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 numdown \n+00033500: 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 . (numeric ke\n+00033510: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e ypad). numen\n+00033520: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+00033530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 End (nu\n+00033540: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00033550: 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n 00033560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033570: 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 Down (numeric\n-00033580: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00033590: 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mpgdown \n-000335a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n-000335b0: 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Down (numeric k\n-000335c0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c eypad). numl\n-000335d0: 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft \n-000335e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 Left (\n-000335f0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00033600: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 numcenter \n+00033570: 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Down (numeric k\n+00033580: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n+00033590: 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdown \n+000335a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 Page D\n+000335b0: 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 own (numeric key\n+000335c0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 pad). numlef\n+000335d0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+000335e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 Left (nu\n+000335f0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00033600: 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 2020 numcenter \n 00033610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033620: 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 5 with Num Lo\n-00033630: 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d ck inactive (num\n-00033640: 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eric. \n+00033620: 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 5 with Num Lock\n+00033630: 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d 6572 inactive (numer\n+00033640: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ic. \n 00033650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a keypad).\n-00033670: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 numright \n+00033660: 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 keypad). \n+00033670: 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 numright \n 00033680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033690: 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Right (numeri\n-000336a0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000336b0: 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umhome \n-000336c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d Hom\n-000336d0: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 e (numeric keypa\n-000336e0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 d). numup \n+00033690: 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Right (numeric \n+000336a0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000336b0: 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+000336c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 Home \n+000336d0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000336e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 2020 . numup \n 000336f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033700: 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Up (numeri\n-00033710: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00033720: 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umpgup \n-00033730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n-00033740: 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 e Up (numeric ke\n-00033750: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e ypad). numin\n-00033760: 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sert \n-00033770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 Insert \n-00033780: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00033790: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 . numdelete \n+00033700: 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Up (numeric \n+00033710: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00033720: 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00033730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 Page \n+00033740: 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 Up (numeric keyp\n+00033750: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e 7365 ad). numinse\n+00033760: 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt \n+00033770: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 286e Insert (n\n+00033780: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00033790: 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 2020 numdelete \n 000337a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000337b0: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 Delete (nume\n-000337c0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000337d0: 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 numasterisk \n-000337e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000337f0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00033800: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 ). numminus \n+000337b0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Delete (numeri\n+000337c0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+000337d0: 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 umasterisk \n+000337e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 2028 * (\n+000337f0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00033800: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 numminus \n 00033810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033820: 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 - (numeric \n-00033830: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00033840: 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 plus \n-00033850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 + (nu\n-00033860: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00033870: 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 numslash \n-00033880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033890: 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 / (numeric keyp\n-000338a0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 ad). numente\n-000338b0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-000338c0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 Enter (nu\n-000338d0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000338e0: 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 delete \n-000338f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033900: 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 Delete. ins\n-00033910: 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ert \n-00033920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 Inser\n-00033930: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 t. home \n+00033820: 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 - (numeric ke\n+00033830: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 706c ypad). numpl\n+00033840: 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us \n+00033850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 + (nume\n+00033860: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00033870: 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n+00033880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f /\n+00033890: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+000338a0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 7220 ). numenter \n+000338b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000338c0: 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 Enter (nume\n+000338d0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000338e0: 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+000338f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00033900: 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6572 elete. inser\n+00033910: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00033920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 740a Insert.\n+00033930: 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 home \n 00033940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033950: 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 Home. e\n-00033960: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n-00033970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 End\n-00033980: 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 . pgdown \n+00033950: 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e64 Home. end\n+00033960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 End. \n+00033980: 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n 00033990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000339a0: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 Page Down. \n-000339b0: 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n-000339c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000339d0: 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f Page Up. do\n-000339e0: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n-000339f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e Down\n-00033a00: 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 . up \n+000339a0: 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 Page Down. \n+000339b0: 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+000339c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+000339d0: 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e age Up. down\n+000339e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000339f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 0a20 Down. \n+00033a00: 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n 00033a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033a20: 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 Up. left\n+00033a20: 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 2020 Up. left \n 00033a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 Left. \n-00033a50: 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00033a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 Left. \n+00033a50: 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n 00033a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033a70: 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 Right.. As\n-00033a80: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f well as keystro\n-00033a90: 6b65 732c 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 kes, the 'sendke\n-00033aa0: 7927 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 y' command takes\n-00033ab0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 various options\n-00033ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 . that affec\n-00033ad0: 7420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f t the BIOS keybo\n-00033ae0: 6172 6420 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 ard status flags\n-00033af0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 . These options\n-00033b00: 2074 616b 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 276f take an. 'o\n-00033b10: 6e27 206f 7220 276f 6666 2720 7061 7261 n' or 'off' para\n-00033b20: 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e meter, specifyin\n-00033b30: 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 g that the corre\n-00033b40: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a sponding status.\n-00033b50: 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 flag be set\n-00033b60: 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 or unset; omitt\n-00033b70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 ing the option f\n-00033b80: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 or a given statu\n-00033b90: 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c s flag. will\n-00033ba0: 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 leave that flag\n-00033bb0: 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 at its initial \n-00033bc0: 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 state at boot. \n-00033bd0: 5468 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 272c 0a20 2020 The '--num',. \n-00033be0: 2020 272d 2d63 6170 7327 2c20 272d 2d73 '--caps', '--s\n-00033bf0: 6372 6f6c 6c27 2c20 616e 6420 272d 2d69 croll', and '--i\n-00033c00: 6e73 6572 7427 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 nsert' options e\n-00033c10: 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 mulate setting t\n-00033c20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f he. correspo\n-00033c30: 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c nding mode, whil\n-00033c40: 6520 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 6b65 7927 e the '--numkey'\n-00033c50: 2c20 272d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 272c 0a20 , '--capskey',. \n-00033c60: 2020 2020 272d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 '--scrollkey\n-00033c70: 272c 2061 6e64 2027 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 ', and '--insert\n-00033c80: 6b65 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 key' options emu\n-00033c90: 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e late pressing an\n-00033ca0: 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 d. holding t\n-00033cb0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n-00033cc0: 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 key. The other\n-00033cd0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 status flag opt\n-00033ce0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ions are. se\n-00033cf0: 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a lf-explanatory..\n-00033d00: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d . If the '--\n-00033d10: 6e6f 2d6c 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 no-led' option i\n-00033d20: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 s given, the sta\n-00033d30: 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 tus flag options\n-00033d40: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 will. have \n-00033d50: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 no effect on key\n-00033d60: 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 board LEDs... \n-00033d70: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 If the 'sendke\n-00033d80: 7927 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 y' command is gi\n-00033d90: 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d ven multiple tim\n-00033da0: 6573 2c20 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 es, then only th\n-00033db0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f e. last invo\n-00033dc0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 cation has any e\n-00033dd0: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e ffect... Sin\n-00033de0: 6365 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 206d 616e ce 'sendkey' man\n-00033df0: 6970 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f ipulates the BIO\n-00033e00: 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 S keyboard buffe\n-00033e10: 722c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a r, it may cause.\n-00033e20: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f hangs, rebo\n-00033e30: 6f74 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 ots, or other mi\n-00033e40: 7362 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f sbehaviour on so\n-00033e50: 6d65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 me systems. If \n-00033e60: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 the. operati\n-00033e70: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f ng system or boo\n-00033e80: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 t loader that ru\n-00033e90: 6e73 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 ns after GRUB us\n-00033ea0: 6573 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 es its own. \n-00033eb0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 keyboard driver \n-00033ec0: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n-00033ed0: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 BIOS keyboard fu\n-00033ee0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 nctions, then. \n-00033ef0: 2020 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2077 696c 'sendkey' wil\n-00033f00: 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 l have no effect\n-00033f10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-00033f20: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-00033f30: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f ilable on PC BIO\n-00033f40: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 S systems.....Fi\n-00033f50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033f60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: set, Next\n-00033f70: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 : sha1sum, Prev\n-00033f80: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : sendkey, Up: \n-00033f90: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00033fa0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-00033fb0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3720 7365 ands..16.3.67 se\n-00033fc0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n-00033fd0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 -- Command: set \n-00033fe0: 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 [envvar=value]. \n-00033ff0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Set the envi\n-00034000: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00034010: 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 ENVVAR to VALUE\n-00034020: 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 . If invoked wi\n-00034030: 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d th no. argum\n-00034040: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 ents, print all \n-00034050: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00034060: 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 ables with their\n-00034070: 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 values.....File\n-00034080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00034090: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 de: sha1sum, Ne\n-000340a0: 7874 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 xt: sha256sum, \n-000340b0: 5072 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: set, Up: \n-000340c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-000340d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-000340e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3820 7368 ands..16.3.68 sh\n-000340f0: 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a1sum.----------\n-00034100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00034110: 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 nd: sha1sum arg \n-00034120: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-00034130: 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 or 'hashsum --ha\n-00034140: 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 sh sha1 arg ...'\n-00034150: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 . See command '\n-00034160: 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a hashsum'. (*\n-00034170: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-00034180: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-00034190: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-000341a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000341b0: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha256sum, Nex\n-000341c0: 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 t: sha512sum, P\n-000341d0: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 rev: sha1sum, U\n-000341e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000341f0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-00034200: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3639 ommands..16.3.69\n-00034210: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d sha256sum.-----\n-00034220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00034230: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 - Command: sha25\n-00034240: 3673 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 6sum arg .... \n-00034250: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 Alias for 'has\n-00034260: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 hsum --hash sha2\n-00034270: 3536 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 56 arg ...'. Se\n-00034280: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 e command 'hashs\n-00034290: 756d 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 um'. (*note \n-000342a0: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n-000342b0: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n-000342c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000342d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 nfo, Node: sha5\n-000342e0: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 12sum, Next: sl\n-000342f0: 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 eep, Prev: sha2\n-00034300: 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 56sum, Up: Comm\n-00034310: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00034320: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00034330: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 ..16.3.70 sha512\n-00034340: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n-00034350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00034360: 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 nd: sha512sum ar\n-00034370: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n-00034380: 2066 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d for 'hashsum --\n-00034390: 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 hash sha512 arg \n-000343a0: 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...'. See comma\n-000343b0: 6e64 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 nd 'hashsum'. \n-000343c0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-000343d0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-000343e0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-000343f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034400: 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 ode: sleep, Nex\n-00034410: 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: smbios, Prev\n-00034420: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 : sha512sum, Up\n-00034430: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00034440: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00034450: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3120 mmands..16.3.71 \n-00034460: 736c 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sleep.----------\n-00034470: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034480: 3a20 736c 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f : sleep [--verbo\n-00034490: 7365 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 se] [--interrupt\n-000344a0: 6962 6c65 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 ible] count. \n-000344b0: 2053 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 Sleep for COUNT\n-000344c0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 seconds. If op\n-000344d0: 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 tion '--interrup\n-000344e0: 7469 626c 6527 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c tible' is given,\n-000344f0: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 . allow pres\n-00034500: 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e sing , \n-00034510: 206f 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e or holding down\n-00034520: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 to inte\n-00034530: 7272 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 rrupt. sleep\n-00034540: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d76 6572 626f . With '--verbo\n-00034550: 7365 2720 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f se' show countdo\n-00034560: 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 wn of remaining \n-00034570: 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 seconds. Exit. \n-00034580: 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 code is set \n-00034590: 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 to 0 if timeout \n-000345a0: 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 expired and to 1\n-000345b0: 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a if timeout was.\n-000345c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 interrupted\n-000345d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 using any of th\n-000345e0: 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 e mentioned keys\n-000345f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00034600: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 info, Node: smb\n-00034610: 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 ios, Next: sour\n-00034620: 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 ce, Prev: sleep\n-00034630: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00034640: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-00034650: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-00034660: 332e 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 3.72 smbios.----\n-00034670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034680: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 Command: smbios \n-00034690: 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d [--type TYPE] [-\n-000346a0: 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 -handle HANDLE] \n-000346b0: 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a [--match MATCH].\n-000346c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 (--get\n-000346d0: 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f -byte | --get-wo\n-000346e0: 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 rd | --get-dword\n-000346f0: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c | --get-qword |\n-00034700: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 . --get\n-00034710: 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d -string | --get-\n-00034720: 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d uuid) OFFSET [--\n-00034730: 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 set VARIABLE]. \n-00034740: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 Retrieve SMBI\n-00034750: 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a OS information..\n-00034760: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2773 6d62 696f . The 'smbio\n-00034770: 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 s' command retur\n-00034780: 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ns the value of \n-00034790: 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d a field in an SM\n-000347a0: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n-000347b0: 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ure. The follow\n-000347c0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n-000347d0: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 rmine which stru\n-000347e0: 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 cture to. se\n-000347f0: 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a lect... *\n-00034800: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d74 Specifying '--t\n-00034810: 7970 6527 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 ype' will select\n-00034820: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 structures with\n-00034830: 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 a matching. \n-00034840: 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 TYPE. The\n-00034850: 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 type can be any\n-00034860: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 integer from 0 \n-00034870: 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to 255.. \n-00034880: 2a20 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2027 2d2d * Specifying '--\n-00034890: 6861 6e64 6c65 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 656c handle' will sel\n-000348a0: 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 ect structures w\n-000348b0: 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 ith a matching. \n-000348c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e HANDLE.\n-000348d0: 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e The handle can\n-000348e0: 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 be any integer \n-000348f0: 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e from 0 to 65535.\n-00034900: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 7065 6369 . * Speci\n-00034910: 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d6d 6174 6368 2720 fying '--match' \n-00034920: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n-00034930: 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 cture number MAT\n-00034940: 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 CH in the. \n-00034950: 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 filtered lis\n-00034960: 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b t of structures;\n-00034970: 2065 2e67 2e20 2027 736d 6269 6f73 202d e.g. 'smbios -\n-00034980: 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 -type 4 --match \n-00034990: 3227 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 2'. wil\n-000349a0: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 l select the sec\n-000349b0: 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f ond Process Info\n-000349c0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 rmation (Type 4)\n-000349d0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 structure.. \n-000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 The list i\n-000349f0: 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 s always ordered\n-00034a00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 the same as the\n-00034a10: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 hardware's SMBI\n-00034a20: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 OS. tab\n-00034a30: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e le. The match n\n-00034a40: 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 umber must be a \n-00034a50: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 positive integer\n-00034a60: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . If. \n-00034a70: 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 unspecified, the\n-00034a80: 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 first matching \n-00034a90: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 structure will b\n-00034aa0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e selected... \n-00034ab0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 The remaining \n-00034ac0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n-00034ad0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e e which field in\n-00034ae0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-00034af0: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n-00034b00: 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 ure to return. \n-00034b10: 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 Only one of thes\n-00034b20: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 e options may be\n-00034b30: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 specified at. \n-00034b40: 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 a time... \n-00034b50: 2020 2020 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e * When given\n-00034b60: 2027 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 272c 2072 '--get-byte', r\n-00034b70: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-00034b80: 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 of the byte at. \n-00034b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 OFFSET \n-00034ba0: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-00034bb0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-00034bc0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 tructure. It wi\n-00034bd0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n-00034be0: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 formatted as an \n-00034bf0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c unsigned decimal\n-00034c00: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-00034c10: 2020 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 * When given '\n-00034c20: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 272c 2072 6574 --get-word', ret\n-00034c30: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-00034c40: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 the word (two. \n-00034c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n-00034c60: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-00034c70: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-00034c80: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-00034c90: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n-00034ca0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n-00034cb0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-00034cc0: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-00034cd0: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 5768 er.. * Wh\n-00034ce0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d 6765 742d en given '--get-\n-00034cf0: 6477 6f72 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 dword', return t\n-00034d00: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n-00034d10: 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 dword (four. \n-00034d20: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n-00034d30: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-00034d40: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-00034d50: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-00034d60: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n-00034d70: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n-00034d80: 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 as an unsigned \n-00034d90: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e decimal integer.\n-00034da0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 . * When \n-00034db0: 6769 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f given '--get-qwo\n-00034dc0: 7264 272c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 rd', return the \n-00034dd0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f value of the qwo\n-00034de0: 7264 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 rd (eight. \n-00034df0: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n-00034e00: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-00034e10: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-00034e20: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-00034e30: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n-00034e40: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n-00034e50: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n-00034e60: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n-00034e70: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 * When gi\n-00034e80: 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e ven '--get-strin\n-00034e90: 6727 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 g', return the s\n-00034ea0: 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 tring with its i\n-00034eb0: 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 ndex. f\n-00034ec0: 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 ound at OFFSET b\n-00034ed0: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n-00034ee0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n-00034ef0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ructure.. \n-00034f00: 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 272d * When given '-\n-00034f10: 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 6427 2c20 7265 7475 -get-uuid', retu\n-00034f20: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n-00034f30: 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 the UUID (sixtee\n-00034f40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 n. byte\n-00034f50: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n-00034f60: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n-00034f70: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n-00034f80: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n-00034f90: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n-00034fa0: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d matted as lower-\n-00034fb0: 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 case hyphenated \n-00034fc0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n-00034fd0: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 ts,. wi\n-00034fe0: 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 th the first thr\n-00034ff0: 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 ee fields as lit\n-00035000: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 tle-endian, and \n-00035010: 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the rest. \n-00035020: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d printed byte-\n-00035030: 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 by-byte... T\n-00035040: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f he default actio\n-00035050: 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 n is to print th\n-00035060: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 e value of the r\n-00035070: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 equested field t\n-00035080: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f o. the conso\n-00035090: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 le, but a variab\n-000350a0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 le name can be s\n-000350b0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 272d pecified with '-\n-000350c0: 2d73 6574 2720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 -set' to. st\n-000350d0: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e ore the value in\n-000350e0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e stead of printin\n-000350f0: 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 g it... For \n-00035100: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 example, this wi\n-00035110: 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ll store and the\n-00035120: 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 n display the sy\n-00035130: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 stem. manufa\n-00035140: 6374 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a cturer's name...\n-00035150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 smbios\n-00035160: 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d --type 1 --get-\n-00035170: 7374 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 string 4 --set s\n-00035180: 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 ystem_manufactur\n-00035190: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 er. ech\n-000351a0: 6f20 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 o $system_manufa\n-000351b0: 6374 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cturer....File: \n-000351c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000351d0: 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a : source, Next:\n-000351e0: 2074 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d test, Prev: sm\n-000351f0: 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 bios, Up: Comma\n-00035200: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-00035210: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-00035220: 0a31 362e 332e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a .16.3.73 source.\n-00035230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00035240: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 -- Command: sou\n-00035250: 7263 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 rce file. Re\n-00035260: 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e ad FILE as a con\n-00035270: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n-00035280: 2061 7320 6966 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 as if its conte\n-00035290: 6e74 7320 6861 6420 6265 656e 0a20 2020 nts had been. \n-000352a0: 2020 696e 636f 7270 6f72 6174 6564 2064 incorporated d\n-000352b0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 irectly into the\n-000352c0: 2073 6f75 7263 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 sourcing file. \n-000352d0: 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 Unlike 'configf\n-000352e0: 696c 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 ile'. (*note\n-000352f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 configfile::), \n-00035300: 7468 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 this executes th\n-00035310: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 e contents of FI\n-00035320: 4c45 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 LE without. \n-00035330: 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 changing context\n-00035340: 3a20 616e 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e : any environmen\n-00035350: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 t variable chang\n-00035360: 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 es made by the. \n-00035370: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 commands in \n-00035380: 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 FILE will be pre\n-00035390: 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 2027 736f served after 'so\n-000353a0: 7572 6365 2720 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 urce' returns, a\n-000353b0: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 nd the. menu\n-000353c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f will not be sho\n-000353d0: 776e 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a wn immediately..\n-000353e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000353f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c fo, Node: test,\n-00035400: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 Next: true, P\n-00035410: 7265 763a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 rev: source, Up\n-00035420: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00035430: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00035440: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3420 mmands..16.3.74 \n-00035450: 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d test.-----------\n-00035460: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00035470: 7465 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a test expression.\n-00035480: 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 Evaluate EX\n-00035490: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 PRESSION and ret\n-000354a0: 7572 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 urn zero exit st\n-000354b0: 6174 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 atus if result i\n-000354c0: 7320 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e s true,. non\n-000354d0: 207a 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 zero status oth\n-000354e0: 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 erwise... EX\n-000354f0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 PRESSION is one \n-00035500: 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 of:.. STRING\n-00035510: 3120 273d 3d27 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 1 '==' STRING2. \n-00035520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 the str\n-00035530: 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 ings are equal. \n-00035540: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 2721 3d27 STRING1 '!='\n-00035550: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-00035560: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 the strings a\n-00035570: 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 re not equal. \n-00035580: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 2720 5354 STRING1 '<' ST\n-00035590: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RING2. \n-000355a0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 STRING1 is lexic\n-000355b0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 ographically les\n-000355c0: 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 s than STRING2. \n-000355d0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 3d27 STRING1 '<='\n-000355e0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-000355f0: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 STRING1 is le\n-00035600: 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 xicographically \n-00035610: 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 less or equal th\n-00035620: 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 an STRING2. \n-00035630: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273e 2720 5354 5249 STRING1 '>' STRI\n-00035640: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n-00035650: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n-00035660: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 raphically great\n-00035670: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a er than STRING2.\n-00035680: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2027 3e3d STRING1 '>=\n-00035690: 2720 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 ' STRING2. \n-000356a0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n-000356b0: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n-000356c0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 greater or equa\n-000356d0: 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 l than STRING2. \n-000356e0: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d65 INTEGER1 '-e\n-000356f0: 7127 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 q' INTEGER2. \n-00035700: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n-00035710: 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 s equal to INTEG\n-00035720: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n-00035730: 3120 272d 6765 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 1 '-ge' INTEGER2\n-00035740: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n-00035750: 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ER1 is greater t\n-00035760: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n-00035770: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e INTEGER2. IN\n-00035780: 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d67 7427 2049 4e54 TEGER1 '-gt' INT\n-00035790: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n-000357a0: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 INTEGER1 is grea\n-000357b0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ter than INTEGER\n-000357c0: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n-000357d0: 272d 6c65 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 '-le' INTEGER2. \n-000357e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n-000357f0: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 1 is less than o\n-00035800: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 r equal to INTEG\n-00035810: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n-00035820: 3120 272d 6c74 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 1 '-lt' INTEGER2\n-00035830: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n-00035840: 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e ER1 is less than\n-00035850: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 INTEGER2. I\n-00035860: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 272d 6e65 2720 494e NTEGER1 '-ne' IN\n-00035870: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TEGER2. \n-00035880: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 INTEGER1 is not\n-00035890: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 equal to INTEGE\n-000358a0: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e R2. PREFIXIN\n-000358b0: 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d70 6774 2720 5052 TEGER1 '-pgt' PR\n-000358c0: 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 EFIXINTEGER2. \n-000358d0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-000358e0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-000358f0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 INTEGER2 after s\n-00035900: 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d tripping off com\n-00035910: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f mon. no\n-00035920: 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 n-numeric PREFIX\n-00035930: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 .. PREFIXINT\n-00035940: 4547 4552 3120 272d 706c 7427 2050 5245 EGER1 '-plt' PRE\n-00035950: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 FIXINTEGER2. \n-00035960: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n-00035970: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 s less than INTE\n-00035980: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n-00035990: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n-000359a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n-000359b0: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n-000359c0: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2027 2d6e 7427 2046 FILE1 '-nt' F\n-000359d0: 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 ILE2. F\n-000359e0: 494c 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 ILE1 is newer th\n-000359f0: 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 an FILE2 (modifi\n-00035a00: 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f cation time). O\n-00035a10: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 ptionally. \n-00035a20: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 numeric BIAS\n-00035a30: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 may be directly\n-00035a40: 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6e appended to '-n\n-00035a50: 7427 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 t' in which case\n-00035a60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 . it is\n-00035a70: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 added to the fi\n-00035a80: 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 rst file modific\n-00035a90: 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 ation time.. \n-00035aa0: 2046 494c 4531 2027 2d6f 7427 2046 494c FILE1 '-ot' FIL\n-00035ab0: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n-00035ac0: 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e E1 is older than\n-00035ad0: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n-00035ae0: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n-00035af0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n-00035b00: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n-00035b10: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n-00035b20: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6f 7427 ppended to '-ot'\n-00035b30: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n-00035b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n-00035b50: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n-00035b60: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n-00035b70: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 ion time.. '\n-00035b80: 2d64 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 -d' FILE. \n-00035b90: 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 FILE exists a\n-00035ba0: 6e64 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 nd is a director\n-00035bb0: 790a 2020 2020 2027 2d65 2720 4649 4c45 y. '-e' FILE\n-00035bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 . FILE \n-00035bd0: 6578 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6627 exists. '-f'\n-00035be0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-00035bf0: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-00035c00: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f is not a directo\n-00035c10: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 272d 7327 2046 494c ry. '-s' FIL\n-00035c20: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-00035c30: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 exists and has \n-00035c40: 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 a size greater t\n-00035c50: 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 272d han zero. '-\n-00035c60: 6e27 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 n' STRING. \n-00035c70: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f the length o\n-00035c80: 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a f STRING is nonz\n-00035c90: 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a ero. STRING.\n-00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n-00035cb0: 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 is equivalent t\n-00035cc0: 6f20 272d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 270a 2020 o '-n STRING'. \n-00035cd0: 2020 2027 2d7a 2720 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 '-z' STRING. \n-00035ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e the len\n-00035cf0: 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 gth of STRING is\n-00035d00: 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 2827 2045 zero. '(' E\n-00035d10: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 2729 270a 2020 XPRESSION ')'. \n-00035d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 EXPRESSI\n-00035d30: 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 ON is true. \n-00035d40: 2721 2720 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 '!' EXPRESSION. \n-00035d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 EXPRESS\n-00035d60: 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 ION is false. \n-00035d70: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d EXPRESSION1 '-\n-00035d80: 6127 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 a' EXPRESSION2. \n-00035d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 both EX\n-00035da0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 PRESSION1 and EX\n-00035db0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 PRESSION2 are tr\n-00035dc0: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 ue. EXPRESSI\n-00035dd0: 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a ON1 EXPRESSION2.\n-00035de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 both E\n-00035df0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 XPRESSION1 and E\n-00035e00: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 XPRESSION2 are t\n-00035e10: 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 rue. This synta\n-00035e20: 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 x is not. \n-00035e30: 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 POSIX-complia\n-00035e40: 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 nt and is not re\n-00035e50: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 commended.. \n-00035e60: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6f27 EXPRESSION1 '-o'\n-00035e70: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n-00035e80: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 either EX\n-00035e90: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 PRESSION1 or EXP\n-00035ea0: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 RESSION2 is true\n-00035eb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00035ec0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 nfo, Node: true\n-00035ed0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Next: trust, \n-00035ee0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: test, Up\n-00035ef0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00035f00: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00035f10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3520 mmands..16.3.75 \n-00035f20: 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d true.-----------\n-00035f30: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00035f40: 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 true. Do not\n-00035f50: 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c hing, successful\n-00035f60: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 ly. This is mai\n-00035f70: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f nly useful in co\n-00035f80: 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 ntrol. const\n-00035f90: 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 ructs such as 'i\n-00035fa0: 6627 2061 6e64 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 f' and 'while' (\n-00035fb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n-00035fc0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a scripting::)...\n-00035fd0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00035fe0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c o, Node: trust,\n-00035ff0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 Next: unset, \n-00036000: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a Prev: true, Up:\n-00036010: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-00036020: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-00036030: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3736 2074 mands..16.3.76 t\n-00036040: 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rust.-----------\n-00036050: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00036060: 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 trust [--skip-s\n-00036070: 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a ig] pubkey_file.\n-00036080: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 Read public\n-00036090: 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 key from PUBKEY\n-000360a0: 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 _FILE and add it\n-000360b0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 to GRUB's inter\n-000360c0: 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 nal list. of\n-000360d0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 trusted public \n-000360e0: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 keys. These key\n-000360f0: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 s are used to va\n-00036100: 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 lidate digital. \n-00036110: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 signatures w\n-00036120: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n-00036130: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6368 6563 6b5f variable 'check_\n-00036140: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2720 6973 2073 signatures' is s\n-00036150: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 656e 666f et to. 'enfo\n-00036160: 7263 6527 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 rce'. Note that\n-00036170: 2069 6620 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 if 'check_signa\n-00036180: 7475 7265 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f tures' is set to\n-00036190: 2027 656e 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 'enforce'. \n-000361a0: 7768 656e 2027 7472 7573 7427 2065 7865 when 'trust' exe\n-000361b0: 6375 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b cutes, then PUBK\n-000361c0: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 EY_FILE must its\n-000361d0: 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a elf be properly.\n-000361e0: 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 signed. Th\n-000361f0: 6520 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f e '--skip-sig' o\n-00036200: 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ption can be use\n-00036210: 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 d to disable. \n-00036220: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 signature-chec\n-00036230: 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e king when readin\n-00036240: 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 g PUBKEY_FILE it\n-00036250: 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 self. It is exp\n-00036260: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ected. that \n-00036270: 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 2069 7320 '--skip-sig' is \n-00036280: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 useful for testi\n-00036290: 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f ng and manual bo\n-000362a0: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 oting. *Note. \n-000362b0: 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Using digital\n-000362c0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-000362d0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-000362e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-000362f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00036300: 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 unset, Next: ve\n-00036310: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 rify_detached, \n-00036320: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: trust, Up\n-00036330: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00036340: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00036350: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3720 mmands..16.3.77 \n-00036360: 756e 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unset.----------\n-00036370: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00036380: 3a20 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 : unset envvar. \n-00036390: 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e Unset the en\n-000363a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000363b0: 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 le ENVVAR.....Fi\n-000363c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000363d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n-000363e0: 6163 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 ached, Next: vi\n-000363f0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 deoinfo, Prev: \n-00036400: 756e 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d unset, Up: Comm\n-00036410: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00036420: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00036430: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 ..16.3.78 verify\n-00036440: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _detached.------\n-00036450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036460: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00036470: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 verify_detached \n-00036480: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c [--skip-sig] fil\n-00036490: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 e signature_file\n-000364a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b . [pubk\n-000364b0: 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 ey_file]. Ve\n-000364c0: 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 rifies a GPG-sty\n-000364d0: 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e le detached sign\n-000364e0: 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ature, where the\n-000364f0: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a signed file is.\n-00036500: 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 FILE, and t\n-00036510: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 he signature its\n-00036520: 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 elf is in file S\n-00036530: 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 IGNATURE_FILE.. \n-00036540: 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 Optionally, \n-00036550: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 a specific publi\n-00036560: 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e c key to use can\n-00036570: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 be specified us\n-00036580: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f ing. PUBKEY_\n-00036590: 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 FILE. When envi\n-000365a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000365b0: 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 'check_signatur\n-000365c0: 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 es' is set. \n-000365d0: 746f 2027 656e 666f 7263 6527 2c20 7468 to 'enforce', th\n-000365e0: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n-000365f0: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n-00036600: 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 operly signed by\n-00036610: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 an. already\n-00036620: 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 -trusted key. A\n-00036630: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 n unsigned PUBKE\n-00036640: 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f Y_FILE can be lo\n-00036650: 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 aded by. spe\n-00036660: 6369 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d73 6b69 702d cifying '--skip-\n-00036670: 7369 6727 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 sig'. If PUBKEY\n-00036680: 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 _FILE is omitted\n-00036690: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 , then public. \n-000366a0: 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 keys from GRU\n-000366b0: 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 B's trusted keys\n-000366c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 (*note list_tru\n-000366d0: 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 sted::, *note tr\n-000366e0: 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 ust::,. and \n-000366f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-00036700: 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 ) are tried... \n-00036710: 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 2027 243f Exit code '$?\n-00036720: 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 ' is set to 0 if\n-00036730: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 the signature v\n-00036740: 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 alidates success\n-00036750: 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 fully.. If v\n-00036760: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c alidation fails,\n-00036770: 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 it is set to a \n-00036780: 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 non-zero value. \n-00036790: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 *Note Using. \n-000367a0: 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 digital signat\n-000367b0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-000367c0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n-000367d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000367e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e , Node: videoin\n-000367f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 fo, Next: wrmsr\n-00036800: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f , Prev: verify_\n-00036810: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 detached, Up: C\n-00036820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-00036830: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-00036840: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3739 2076 6964 nds..16.3.79 vid\n-00036850: 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eoinfo.---------\n-00036860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00036870: 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f mmand: videoinfo\n-00036880: 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 [[WxH]xD]. \n-00036890: 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 List available v\n-000368a0: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 ideo modes. If \n-000368b0: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 resolution is gi\n-000368c0: 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ven, show only. \n-000368d0: 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 matching mod\n-000368e0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-000368f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 b.info, Node: w\n-00036900: 726d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e rmsr, Next: xen\n-00036910: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 _hypervisor, Pr\n-00036920: 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ev: videoinfo, \n-00036930: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00036940: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-00036950: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 commands..16.3.8\n-00036960: 3020 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 wrmsr.--------\n-00036970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00036980: 6e64 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 nd:: wrmsr 0xADD\n-00036990: 5220 3078 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 R 0xVALUE. W\n-000369a0: 7269 7465 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 rite a 0xVALUE t\n-000369b0: 6f20 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 o a model-specif\n-000369c0: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 ic register at a\n-000369d0: 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a ddress 0xADDR...\n-000369e0: 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 Please note\n-000369f0: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 that on SMP sys\n-00036a00: 7465 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f tems, writing to\n-00036a10: 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 a MSR that has \n-00036a20: 6120 7363 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 a scope. per\n-00036a30: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 hardware thread\n-00036a40: 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 , implies that t\n-00036a50: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 he value that is\n-00036a60: 2077 7269 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 written only. \n-00036a70: 2020 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 applies to th\n-00036a80: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 e particular cpu\n-00036a90: 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 /core/thread tha\n-00036aa0: 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 t runs the comma\n-00036ab0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n-00036ac0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n-00036ad0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n-00036ae0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n-00036af0: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n-00036b00: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n-00036b10: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n-00036b20: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n-00036b30: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n-00036b40: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n-00036b50: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n-00036b60: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n-00036b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n-00036b80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n-00036b90: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n-00036ba0: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n-00036bb0: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n-00036bc0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n-00036bd0: 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 s is done to pre\n-00036be0: 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 vent subverting \n-00036bf0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 various security\n-00036c00: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 . mechanisms\n-00036c10: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00036c20: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e info, Node: xen\n-00036c30: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 _hypervisor, Ne\n-00036c40: 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 xt: xen_module, \n-00036c50: 2050 7265 763a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2055 Prev: wrmsr, U\n-00036c60: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00036c70: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-00036c80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3831 ommands..16.3.81\n-00036c90: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a xen_hypervisor.\n+00033a70: 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 2077 Right.. As w\n+00033a80: 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 ell as keystroke\n+00033a90: 732c 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 s, the 'sendkey'\n+00033aa0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 command takes v\n+00033ab0: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 arious options. \n+00033ac0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 that affect \n+00033ad0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 the BIOS keyboar\n+00033ae0: 6420 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 d status flags. \n+00033af0: 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 These options t\n+00033b00: 616b 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 276f 6e27 ake an. 'on'\n+00033b10: 206f 7220 276f 6666 2720 7061 7261 6d65 or 'off' parame\n+00033b20: 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ter, specifying \n+00033b30: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 that the corresp\n+00033b40: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 onding status. \n+00033b50: 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f flag be set o\n+00033b60: 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e r unset; omittin\n+00033b70: 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 g the option for\n+00033b80: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 a given status \n+00033b90: 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c flag. will l\n+00033ba0: 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 eave that flag a\n+00033bb0: 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 t its initial st\n+00033bc0: 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 ate at boot. Th\n+00033bd0: 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 272c 0a20 2020 2020 e '--num',. \n+00033be0: 272d 2d63 6170 7327 2c20 272d 2d73 6372 '--caps', '--scr\n+00033bf0: 6f6c 6c27 2c20 616e 6420 272d 2d69 6e73 oll', and '--ins\n+00033c00: 6572 7427 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 ert' options emu\n+00033c10: 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 late setting the\n+00033c20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 . correspond\n+00033c30: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 ing mode, while \n+00033c40: 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 6b65 7927 2c20 the '--numkey', \n+00033c50: 272d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 272c 0a20 2020 '--capskey',. \n+00033c60: 2020 272d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 272c '--scrollkey',\n+00033c70: 2061 6e64 2027 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 and '--insertke\n+00033c80: 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 y' options emula\n+00033c90: 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a te pressing and.\n+00033ca0: 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 holding the\n+00033cb0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b corresponding k\n+00033cc0: 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 ey. The other s\n+00033cd0: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f tatus flag optio\n+00033ce0: 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 ns are. self\n+00033cf0: 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 -explanatory... \n+00033d00: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f If the '--no\n+00033d10: 2d6c 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 -led' option is \n+00033d20: 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 7475 given, the statu\n+00033d30: 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2077 s flag options w\n+00033d40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6e6f ill. have no\n+00033d50: 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 626f effect on keybo\n+00033d60: 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ard LEDs... \n+00033d70: 4966 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 If the 'sendkey'\n+00033d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 command is give\n+00033d90: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 n multiple times\n+00033da0: 2c20 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a , then only the.\n+00033db0: 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 last invoca\n+00033dc0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 tion has any eff\n+00033dd0: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 ect... Since\n+00033de0: 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 206d 616e 6970 'sendkey' manip\n+00033df0: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 ulates the BIOS \n+00033e00: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c keyboard buffer,\n+00033e10: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 it may cause. \n+00033e20: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 hangs, reboot\n+00033e30: 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 s, or other misb\n+00033e40: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 ehaviour on some\n+00033e50: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 systems. If th\n+00033e60: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 e. operating\n+00033e70: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 system or boot \n+00033e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 loader that runs\n+00033e90: 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 after GRUB uses\n+00033ea0: 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 its own. ke\n+00033eb0: 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 yboard driver ra\n+00033ec0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 ther than the BI\n+00033ed0: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 OS keyboard func\n+00033ee0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 tions, then. \n+00033ef0: 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2077 696c 6c20 'sendkey' will \n+00033f00: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a have no effect..\n+00033f10: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00033f20: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+00033f30: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 able on PC BIOS \n+00033f40: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+00033f50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033f60: 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: set, Next: \n+00033f70: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 sha1sum, Prev: \n+00033f80: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f sendkey, Up: Co\n+00033f90: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+00033fa0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+00033fb0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3720 7365 740a ds..16.3.67 set.\n+00033fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033fd0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 Command: set [e\n+00033fe0: 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 nvvar=value]. \n+00033ff0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Set the enviro\n+00034000: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n+00034010: 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 NVVAR to VALUE. \n+00034020: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n+00034030: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e no. argumen\n+00034040: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e ts, print all en\n+00034050: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00034060: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 les with their v\n+00034070: 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 alues.....File: \n+00034080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034090: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 : sha1sum, Next\n+000340a0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 : sha256sum, Pr\n+000340b0: 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: set, Up: Co\n+000340c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000340d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000340e0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3820 7368 6131 ds..16.3.68 sha1\n+000340f0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+00034100: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034110: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e : sha1sum arg ..\n+00034120: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n+00034130: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 'hashsum --hash\n+00034140: 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 2e20 sha1 arg ...'. \n+00034150: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 6861 See command 'ha\n+00034160: 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f shsum'. (*no\n+00034170: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+00034180: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+00034190: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+000341a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+000341b0: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha256sum, Next:\n+000341c0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha512sum, Pre\n+000341d0: 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: sha1sum, Up:\n+000341e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+000341f0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+00034200: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3639 2073 mands..16.3.69 s\n+00034210: 6861 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ha256sum.-------\n+00034220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034230: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 Command: sha256s\n+00034240: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n+00034250: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 Alias for 'hashs\n+00034260: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 um --hash sha256\n+00034270: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 arg ...'. See \n+00034280: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d command 'hashsum\n+00034290: 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 '. (*note ha\n+000342a0: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n+000342b0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n+000342c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000342d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 o, Node: sha512\n+000342e0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 sum, Next: slee\n+000342f0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 p, Prev: sha256\n+00034300: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n+00034310: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00034320: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00034330: 3136 2e33 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 16.3.70 sha512su\n+00034340: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00034350: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034360: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha512sum arg \n+00034370: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n+00034380: 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 or 'hashsum --ha\n+00034390: 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e sh sha512 arg ..\n+000343a0: 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .'. See command\n+000343b0: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 'hashsum'. \n+000343c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+000343d0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+000343e0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+000343f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00034400: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: sleep, Next:\n+00034410: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 smbios, Prev: \n+00034420: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 sha512sum, Up: \n+00034430: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00034440: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00034450: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3120 736c ands..16.3.71 sl\n+00034460: 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eep.------------\n+00034470: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034480: 736c 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 sleep [--verbose\n+00034490: 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 ] [--interruptib\n+000344a0: 6c65 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 le] count. S\n+000344b0: 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 leep for COUNT s\n+000344c0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 econds. If opti\n+000344d0: 6f6e 2027 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 on '--interrupti\n+000344e0: 626c 6527 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 ble' is given,. \n+000344f0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 allow pressi\n+00034500: 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f ng , o\n+00034510: 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c r holding down <\n+00034520: 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 7272 SHIFT> to interr\n+00034530: 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 upt. sleep. \n+00034540: 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 With '--verbose\n+00034550: 2720 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f 776e ' show countdown\n+00034560: 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7365 of remaining se\n+00034570: 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 2020 conds. Exit. \n+00034580: 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f code is set to\n+00034590: 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 0 if timeout ex\n+000345a0: 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 2069 pired and to 1 i\n+000345b0: 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a 2020 f timeout was. \n+000345c0: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2075 interrupted u\n+000345d0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 sing any of the \n+000345e0: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a mentioned keys..\n+000345f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034600: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f fo, Node: smbio\n+00034610: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 6365 s, Next: source\n+00034620: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 , Prev: sleep, \n+00034630: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034640: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00034650: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00034660: 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 72 smbios.------\n+00034670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034680: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d mmand: smbios [-\n+00034690: 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 -type TYPE] [--h\n+000346a0: 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d andle HANDLE] [-\n+000346b0: 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 -match MATCH]. \n+000346c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 (--get-b\n+000346d0: 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 yte | --get-word\n+000346e0: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c | --get-dword |\n+000346f0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 --get-qword |. \n+00034700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 --get-s\n+00034710: 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 tring | --get-uu\n+00034720: 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 id) OFFSET [--se\n+00034730: 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 t VARIABLE]. \n+00034740: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 Retrieve SMBIOS\n+00034750: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 information... \n+00034760: 2020 2020 5468 6520 2773 6d62 696f 7327 The 'smbios'\n+00034770: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+00034780: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 the value of a \n+00034790: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 field in an SMBI\n+000347a0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+000347b0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n+000347c0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n+000347d0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 ine which struct\n+000347e0: 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 ure to. sele\n+000347f0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 ct... * S\n+00034800: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d74 7970 pecifying '--typ\n+00034810: 6527 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 e' will select s\n+00034820: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 tructures with a\n+00034830: 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n+00034840: 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 TYPE. The t\n+00034850: 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 ype can be any i\n+00034860: 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f nteger from 0 to\n+00034870: 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 255.. * \n+00034880: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2027 2d2d 6861 Specifying '--ha\n+00034890: 6e64 6c65 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 ndle' will selec\n+000348a0: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 t structures wit\n+000348b0: 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 h a matching. \n+000348c0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 HANDLE. \n+000348d0: 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 The handle can b\n+000348e0: 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 e any integer fr\n+000348f0: 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 om 0 to 65535.. \n+00034900: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 7065 6369 6679 * Specify\n+00034910: 696e 6720 272d 2d6d 6174 6368 2720 7769 ing '--match' wi\n+00034920: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n+00034930: 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 ure number MATCH\n+00034940: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+00034950: 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 filtered list \n+00034960: 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 of structures; e\n+00034970: 2e67 2e20 2027 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 .g. 'smbios --t\n+00034980: 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 3227 ype 4 --match 2'\n+00034990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+000349a0: 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e select the secon\n+000349b0: 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d d Process Inform\n+000349c0: 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 ation (Type 4) s\n+000349d0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 tructure.. \n+000349e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 The list is \n+000349f0: 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 always ordered t\n+00034a00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 he same as the h\n+00034a10: 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 ardware's SMBIOS\n+00034a20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 . table\n+00034a30: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d . The match num\n+00034a40: 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f ber must be a po\n+00034a50: 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 sitive integer. \n+00034a60: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e If. un\n+00034a70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 specified, the f\n+00034a80: 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 irst matching st\n+00034a90: 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ructure will be \n+00034aa0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 selected... \n+00034ab0: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 The remaining op\n+00034ac0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 tions determine \n+00034ad0: 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 which field in t\n+00034ae0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n+00034af0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+00034b00: 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e e to return. On\n+00034b10: 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 ly one of these \n+00034b20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 options may be s\n+00034b30: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 pecified at. \n+00034b40: 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 a time... \n+00034b50: 2020 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 * When given '\n+00034b60: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 272c 2072 6574 --get-byte', ret\n+00034b70: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n+00034b80: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 the byte at. \n+00034b90: 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 OFFSET by\n+00034ba0: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n+00034bb0: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n+00034bc0: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c ucture. It will\n+00034bd0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f be. fo\n+00034be0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n+00034bf0: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n+00034c00: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n+00034c10: 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d * When given '--\n+00034c20: 6765 742d 776f 7264 272c 2072 6574 7572 get-word', retur\n+00034c30: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+00034c40: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 he word (two. \n+00034c50: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n+00034c60: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n+00034c70: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n+00034c80: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n+00034c90: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n+00034ca0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n+00034cb0: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n+00034cc0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n+00034cd0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 5768 656e .. * When\n+00034ce0: 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 given '--get-dw\n+00034cf0: 6f72 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 ord', return the\n+00034d00: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 value of the dw\n+00034d10: 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 ord (four. \n+00034d20: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n+00034d30: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+00034d40: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+00034d50: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+00034d60: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n+00034d70: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n+00034d80: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+00034d90: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+00034da0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 * When gi\n+00034db0: 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 ven '--get-qword\n+00034dc0: 272c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ', return the va\n+00034dd0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 lue of the qword\n+00034de0: 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n+00034df0: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n+00034e00: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+00034e10: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+00034e20: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n+00034e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+00034e40: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n+00034e50: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n+00034e60: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n+00034e70: 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 * When give\n+00034e80: 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6727 n '--get-string'\n+00034e90: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 , return the str\n+00034ea0: 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 ing with its ind\n+00034eb0: 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 ex. fou\n+00034ec0: 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 nd at OFFSET byt\n+00034ed0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+00034ee0: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+00034ef0: 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a cture.. *\n+00034f00: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 When given '--g\n+00034f10: 6574 2d75 7569 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e et-uuid', return\n+00034f20: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+00034f30: 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a e UUID (sixteen.\n+00034f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n+00034f50: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+00034f60: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+00034f70: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+00034f80: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n+00034f90: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n+00034fa0: 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 tted as lower-ca\n+00034fb0: 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 se hyphenated he\n+00034fc0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n+00034fd0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 ,. with\n+00034fe0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 the first three\n+00034ff0: 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c fields as littl\n+00035000: 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 e-endian, and th\n+00035010: 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e rest. \n+00035020: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 printed byte-by\n+00035030: 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -byte... The\n+00035040: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 default action \n+00035050: 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 is to print the \n+00035060: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 value of the req\n+00035070: 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a uested field to.\n+00035080: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the console\n+00035090: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 , but a variable\n+000350a0: 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 name can be spe\n+000350b0: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 272d 2d73 cified with '--s\n+000350c0: 6574 2720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 et' to. stor\n+000350d0: 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 e the value inst\n+000350e0: 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 ead of printing \n+000350f0: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 it... For ex\n+00035100: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c ample, this will\n+00035110: 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 store and then \n+00035120: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 display the syst\n+00035130: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 em. manufact\n+00035140: 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 urer's name... \n+00035150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d smbios -\n+00035160: 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 -type 1 --get-st\n+00035170: 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 ring 4 --set sys\n+00035180: 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 tem_manufacturer\n+00035190: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 . echo \n+000351a0: 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 $system_manufact\n+000351b0: 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 urer....File: gr\n+000351c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000351d0: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 source, Next: t\n+000351e0: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 est, Prev: smbi\n+000351f0: 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 os, Up: Command\n+00035200: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+00035210: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+00035220: 362e 332e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 6.3.73 source.--\n+00035230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035240: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 - Command: sourc\n+00035250: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 e file. Read\n+00035260: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 FILE as a confi\n+00035270: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 guration file, a\n+00035280: 7320 6966 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 s if its content\n+00035290: 7320 6861 6420 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 s had been. \n+000352a0: 696e 636f 7270 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 incorporated dir\n+000352b0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 ectly into the s\n+000352c0: 6f75 7263 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 ourcing file. U\n+000352d0: 6e6c 696b 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c nlike 'configfil\n+000352e0: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 e'. (*note c\n+000352f0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 onfigfile::), th\n+00035300: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 is executes the \n+00035310: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 contents of FILE\n+00035320: 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 without. ch\n+00035330: 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 anging context: \n+00035340: 616e 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 any environment \n+00035350: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n+00035360: 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 made by the. \n+00035370: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 commands in FI\n+00035380: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 LE will be prese\n+00035390: 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 2027 736f 7572 rved after 'sour\n+000353a0: 6365 2720 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 6e64 ce' returns, and\n+000353b0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 the. menu w\n+000353c0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f 776e ill not be shown\n+000353d0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f immediately....\n+000353e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000353f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c 2020 , Node: test, \n+00035400: 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 7265 Next: true, Pre\n+00035410: 763a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 3a20 v: source, Up: \n+00035420: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00035430: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00035440: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3420 7465 ands..16.3.74 te\n+00035450: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a st.------------.\n+00035460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n+00035470: 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 st expression. \n+00035480: 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 Evaluate EXPR\n+00035490: 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 ESSION and retur\n+000354a0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n zero exit stat\n+000354b0: 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 us if result is \n+000354c0: 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a true,. non z\n+000354d0: 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 ero status other\n+000354e0: 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 wise... EXPR\n+000354f0: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 ESSION is one of\n+00035500: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 :.. STRING1 \n+00035510: 273d 3d27 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 '==' STRING2. \n+00035520: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e the strin\n+00035530: 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 gs are equal. \n+00035540: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 2721 3d27 2053 STRING1 '!=' S\n+00035550: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n+00035560: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 the strings are\n+00035570: 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 not equal. \n+00035580: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 2720 5354 5249 STRING1 '<' STRI\n+00035590: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n+000355a0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n+000355b0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 raphically less \n+000355c0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+000355d0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 3d27 2053 STRING1 '<=' S\n+000355e0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n+000355f0: 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 STRING1 is lexi\n+00035600: 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 cographically le\n+00035610: 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e ss or equal than\n+00035620: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 STRING2. ST\n+00035630: 5249 4e47 3120 273e 2720 5354 5249 4e47 RING1 '>' STRING\n+00035640: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 2. STRI\n+00035650: 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 NG1 is lexicogra\n+00035660: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 phically greater\n+00035670: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n+00035680: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2027 3e3d 2720 STRING1 '>=' \n+00035690: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+000356a0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 STRING1 is lex\n+000356b0: 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 icographically g\n+000356c0: 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 reater or equal \n+000356d0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+000356e0: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d65 7127 INTEGER1 '-eq'\n+000356f0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+00035700: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+00035710: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n+00035720: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+00035730: 272d 6765 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 '-ge' INTEGER2. \n+00035740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+00035750: 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 1 is greater tha\n+00035760: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e n or equal to IN\n+00035770: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+00035780: 4745 5231 2027 2d67 7427 2049 4e54 4547 GER1 '-gt' INTEG\n+00035790: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n+000357a0: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 TEGER1 is greate\n+000357b0: 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a r than INTEGER2.\n+000357c0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 272d INTEGER1 '-\n+000357d0: 6c65 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 le' INTEGER2. \n+000357e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n+000357f0: 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 is less than or \n+00035800: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n+00035810: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+00035820: 272d 6c74 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 '-lt' INTEGER2. \n+00035830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+00035840: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 1 is less than I\n+00035850: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+00035860: 4547 4552 3120 272d 6e65 2720 494e 5445 EGER1 '-ne' INTE\n+00035870: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+00035880: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 NTEGER1 is not e\n+00035890: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+000358a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 . PREFIXINTE\n+000358b0: 4745 5231 2027 2d70 6774 2720 5052 4546 GER1 '-pgt' PREF\n+000358c0: 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 IXINTEGER2. \n+000358d0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+000358e0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e greater than IN\n+000358f0: 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 TEGER2 after str\n+00035900: 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f ipping off commo\n+00035910: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d n. non-\n+00035920: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a numeric PREFIX..\n+00035930: 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 PREFIXINTEG\n+00035940: 4552 3120 272d 706c 7427 2050 5245 4649 ER1 '-plt' PREFI\n+00035950: 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 XINTEGER2. \n+00035960: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+00035970: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 less than INTEGE\n+00035980: 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 R2 after strippi\n+00035990: 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 ng off common. \n+000359a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 non-nume\n+000359b0: 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 ric PREFIX.. \n+000359c0: 2046 494c 4531 2027 2d6e 7427 2046 494c FILE1 '-nt' FIL\n+000359d0: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n+000359e0: 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e E1 is newer than\n+000359f0: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n+00035a00: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n+00035a10: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n+00035a20: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n+00035a30: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n+00035a40: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6e 7427 ppended to '-nt'\n+00035a50: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n+00035a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n+00035a70: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n+00035a80: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n+00035a90: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 ion time.. F\n+00035aa0: 494c 4531 2027 2d6f 7427 2046 494c 4532 ILE1 '-ot' FILE2\n+00035ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 . FILE1\n+00035ac0: 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 is older than F\n+00035ad0: 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 ILE2 (modificati\n+00035ae0: 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f on time). Optio\n+00035af0: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nally. \n+00035b00: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 numeric BIAS may\n+00035b10: 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 be directly app\n+00035b20: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6f 7427 2069 ended to '-ot' i\n+00035b30: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 n which case. \n+00035b40: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 it is add\n+00035b50: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n+00035b60: 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f file modificatio\n+00035b70: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 2d64 n time.. '-d\n+00035b80: 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' FILE. \n+00035b90: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n+00035ba0: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a is a directory.\n+00035bb0: 2020 2020 2027 2d65 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 '-e' FILE. \n+00035bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 FILE ex\n+00035bd0: 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6627 2046 ists. '-f' F\n+00035be0: 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 ILE. FI\n+00035bf0: 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 LE exists and is\n+00035c00: 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 not a directory\n+00035c10: 0a20 2020 2020 272d 7327 2046 494c 450a . '-s' FILE.\n+00035c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n+00035c30: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 xists and has a \n+00035c40: 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 size greater tha\n+00035c50: 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6e27 n zero. '-n'\n+00035c60: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+00035c70: 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 the length of \n+00035c80: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 STRING is nonzer\n+00035c90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 o. STRING. \n+00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 STRING i\n+00035cb0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 s equivalent to \n+00035cc0: 272d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 270a 2020 2020 '-n STRING'. \n+00035cd0: 2027 2d7a 2720 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 '-z' STRING. \n+00035ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 the lengt\n+00035cf0: 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a h of STRING is z\n+00035d00: 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 2827 2045 5850 ero. '(' EXP\n+00035d10: 5245 5353 494f 4e20 2729 270a 2020 2020 RESSION ')'. \n+00035d20: 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e EXPRESSION\n+00035d30: 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 2721 is true. '!\n+00035d40: 2720 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 ' EXPRESSION. \n+00035d50: 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f EXPRESSIO\n+00035d60: 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 N is false. \n+00035d70: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6127 EXPRESSION1 '-a'\n+00035d80: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+00035d90: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 both EXPR\n+00035da0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 ESSION1 and EXPR\n+00035db0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 ESSION2 are true\n+00035dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n+00035dd0: 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 1 EXPRESSION2. \n+00035de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 both EXP\n+00035df0: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 RESSION1 and EXP\n+00035e00: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 RESSION2 are tru\n+00035e10: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 e. This syntax \n+00035e20: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 is not. \n+00035e30: 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 POSIX-compliant\n+00035e40: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f and is not reco\n+00035e50: 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 mmended.. EX\n+00035e60: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6f27 2045 PRESSION1 '-o' E\n+00035e70: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+00035e80: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 either EXPR\n+00035e90: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 ESSION1 or EXPRE\n+00035ea0: 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a SSION2 is true..\n+00035eb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035ec0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 o, Node: true, \n+00035ed0: 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 Next: trust, P\n+00035ee0: 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: test, Up: \n+00035ef0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00035f00: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00035f10: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3520 7472 ands..16.3.75 tr\n+00035f20: 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ue.------------.\n+00035f30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 . -- Command: tr\n+00035f40: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 ue. Do nothi\n+00035f50: 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 ng, successfully\n+00035f60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c . This is mainl\n+00035f70: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 y useful in cont\n+00035f80: 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 rol. constru\n+00035f90: 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 cts such as 'if'\n+00035fa0: 2061 6e64 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e and 'while' (*n\n+00035fb0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+00035fc0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a cripting::).....\n+00035fd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00035fe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Node: trust, \n+00035ff0: 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 Next: unset, Pr\n+00036000: 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: true, Up: C\n+00036010: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+00036020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+00036030: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3736 2074 7275 nds..16.3.76 tru\n+00036040: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n+00036050: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+00036060: 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 rust [--skip-sig\n+00036070: 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 ] pubkey_file. \n+00036080: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Read public k\n+00036090: 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ey from PUBKEY_F\n+000360a0: 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 ILE and add it t\n+000360b0: 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 o GRUB's interna\n+000360c0: 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 l list. of t\n+000360d0: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n+000360e0: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 ys. These keys \n+000360f0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 are used to vali\n+00036100: 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 date digital. \n+00036110: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 signatures whe\n+00036120: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+00036130: 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 riable 'check_si\n+00036140: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 gnatures' is set\n+00036150: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 656e 666f 7263 to. 'enforc\n+00036160: 6527 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 e'. Note that i\n+00036170: 6620 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 f 'check_signatu\n+00036180: 7265 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 res' is set to '\n+00036190: 656e 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7768 enforce'. wh\n+000361a0: 656e 2027 7472 7573 7427 2065 7865 6375 en 'trust' execu\n+000361b0: 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 tes, then PUBKEY\n+000361c0: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n+000361d0: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 f be properly. \n+000361e0: 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 signed. The \n+000361f0: 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 '--skip-sig' opt\n+00036200: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n+00036210: 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to disable. \n+00036220: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 signature-checki\n+00036230: 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ng when reading \n+00036240: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 PUBKEY_FILE itse\n+00036250: 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 lf. It is expec\n+00036260: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 272d ted. that '-\n+00036270: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 2069 7320 7573 -skip-sig' is us\n+00036280: 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 eful for testing\n+00036290: 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 and manual boot\n+000362a0: 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ing. *Note. \n+000362b0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+000362c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+000362d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+000362e0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+000362f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e .info, Node: un\n+00036300: 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 set, Next: veri\n+00036310: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 fy_detached, Pr\n+00036320: 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: trust, Up: \n+00036330: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00036340: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00036350: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3720 756e ands..16.3.77 un\n+00036360: 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.------------\n+00036370: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00036380: 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 unset envvar. \n+00036390: 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Unset the envi\n+000363a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000363b0: 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ENVVAR.....File\n+000363c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000363d0: 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 de: verify_detac\n+000363e0: 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 hed, Next: vide\n+000363f0: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e oinfo, Prev: un\n+00036400: 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e set, Up: Comman\n+00036410: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00036420: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00036430: 3136 2e33 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 16.3.78 verify_d\n+00036440: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etached.--------\n+00036450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00036460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 . -- Command: ve\n+00036470: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d rify_detached [-\n+00036480: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 -skip-sig] file \n+00036490: 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 signature_file. \n+000364a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 [pubkey\n+000364b0: 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 _file]. Veri\n+000364c0: 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 fies a GPG-style\n+000364d0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n+000364e0: 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 ure, where the s\n+000364f0: 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 igned file is. \n+00036500: 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 FILE, and the\n+00036510: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c signature itsel\n+00036520: 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 f is in file SIG\n+00036530: 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 NATURE_FILE.. \n+00036540: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 Optionally, a \n+00036550: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 specific public \n+00036560: 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 key to use can b\n+00036570: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e e specified usin\n+00036580: 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 g. PUBKEY_FI\n+00036590: 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f LE. When enviro\n+000365a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 nment variable '\n+000365b0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000365c0: 2720 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f ' is set. to\n+000365d0: 2027 656e 666f 7263 6527 2c20 7468 656e 'enforce', then\n+000365e0: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n+000365f0: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n+00036600: 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 erly signed by a\n+00036610: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 n. already-t\n+00036620: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 rusted key. An \n+00036630: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f unsigned PUBKEY_\n+00036640: 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 FILE can be load\n+00036650: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ed by. speci\n+00036660: 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 fying '--skip-si\n+00036670: 6727 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 g'. If PUBKEY_F\n+00036680: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ILE is omitted, \n+00036690: 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 then public. \n+000366a0: 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 keys from GRUB'\n+000366b0: 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 s trusted keys (\n+000366c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n+000366d0: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 ed::, *note trus\n+000366e0: 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e t::,. and *n\n+000366f0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 ote distrust::) \n+00036700: 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 are tried... \n+00036710: 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 2027 243f 2720 Exit code '$?' \n+00036720: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n+00036730: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c he signature val\n+00036740: 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 idates successfu\n+00036750: 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c lly.. If val\n+00036760: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 idation fails, i\n+00036770: 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f t is set to a no\n+00036780: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a n-zero value. *\n+00036790: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 Note Using. \n+000367a0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+000367b0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+000367c0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+000367d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000367e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f Node: videoinfo\n+000367f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 , Next: wrmsr, \n+00036800: 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Prev: verify_de\n+00036810: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tached, Up: Com\n+00036820: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+00036830: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+00036840: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3739 2076 6964 656f s..16.3.79 video\n+00036850: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n+00036860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00036870: 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b and: videoinfo [\n+00036880: 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 [WxH]xD]. Li\n+00036890: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n+000368a0: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 eo modes. If re\n+000368b0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 solution is give\n+000368c0: 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 n, show only. \n+000368d0: 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 matching modes\n+000368e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000368f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d info, Node: wrm\n+00036900: 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 sr, Next: xen_h\n+00036910: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ypervisor, Prev\n+00036920: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 : videoinfo, Up\n+00036930: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00036940: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+00036950: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3020 mmands..16.3.80 \n+00036960: 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wrmsr.----------\n+00036970: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00036980: 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 :: wrmsr 0xADDR \n+00036990: 3078 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 0xVALUE. Wri\n+000369a0: 7465 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 te a 0xVALUE to \n+000369b0: 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 a model-specific\n+000369c0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 register at add\n+000369d0: 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 ress 0xADDR... \n+000369e0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 Please note t\n+000369f0: 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 hat on SMP syste\n+00036a00: 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 ms, writing to a\n+00036a10: 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 MSR that has a \n+00036a20: 7363 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 scope. per h\n+00036a30: 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 ardware thread, \n+00036a40: 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 implies that the\n+00036a50: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 value that is w\n+00036a60: 7269 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 ritten only. \n+00036a70: 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 applies to the \n+00036a80: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 particular cpu/c\n+00036a90: 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 ore/thread that \n+00036aa0: 7275 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 runs the command\n+00036ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n+00036ac0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n+00036ad0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n+00036ae0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n+00036af0: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n+00036b00: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n+00036b10: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n+00036b20: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n+00036b30: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n+00036b40: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n+00036b50: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n+00036b60: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n+00036b70: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00036b80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00036b90: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00036ba0: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00036bb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00036bc0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00036bd0: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 is done to preve\n+00036be0: 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 nt subverting va\n+00036bf0: 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 rious security. \n+00036c00: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a mechanisms..\n+00036c10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00036c20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 fo, Node: xen_h\n+00036c30: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ypervisor, Next\n+00036c40: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 : xen_module, P\n+00036c50: 7265 763a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2055 703a rev: wrmsr, Up:\n+00036c60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+00036c70: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+00036c80: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3831 2078 mands..16.3.81 x\n+00036c90: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d en_hypervisor.--\n 00036ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00036cc0: 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 and: xen_hypervi\n-00036cd0: 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 sor file [argume\n-00036ce0: 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f nts] .... Lo\n-00036cf0: 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 ad a Xen hypervi\n-00036d00: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 sor binary from \n-00036d10: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n-00036d20: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n-00036d30: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n-00036d40: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e tim as the \"kern\n-00036d50: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 el command-line\"\n-00036d60: 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e . Any other bin\n-00036d70: 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 aries. must \n-00036d80: 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 be reloaded afte\n-00036d90: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n-00036da0: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d mand. This comm\n-00036db0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 and is only. \n-00036dc0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 available on AA\n-00036dd0: 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a rch64 systems...\n-00036de0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00036df0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f o, Node: xen_mo\n-00036e00: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e dule, Prev: xen\n-00036e10: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 _hypervisor, Up\n-00036e20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00036e30: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00036e40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3220 mmands..16.3.82 \n-00036e50: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xen_module.-----\n-00036e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00036e70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f -- Command: xen_\n-00036e80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 module [--nounzi\n-00036e90: 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e p] file [argumen\n-00036ea0: 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ts]. Load a \n-00036eb0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 module for xen h\n-00036ec0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 ypervisor at the\n-00036ed0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 booting process\n-00036ee0: 206f 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 of xen.. Th\n-00036ef0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n-00036f00: 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 ne is passed ver\n-00036f10: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 batim as the mod\n-00036f20: 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 ule command line\n-00036f30: 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 .. Modules s\n-00036f40: 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 hould be loaded \n-00036f50: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 in the following\n-00036f60: 206f 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b order: - dom0 k\n-00036f70: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 ernel. image\n-00036f80: 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 - dom0 ramdisk \n-00036f90: 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d if present - XSM\n-00036fa0: 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 policy if prese\n-00036fb0: 6e74 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d nt This. com\n-00036fc0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-00036fd0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 ilable on AArch6\n-00036fe0: 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 4 systems.....Fi\n-00036ff0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037000: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Node: Networking\n-00037010: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-00037020: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00037030: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00037040: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-00037050: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 3420 5468 6520 mands..16.4 The \n-00037060: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b69 list of networki\n-00037070: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d ng commands.====\n+00036cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00036cc0: 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f d: xen_hyperviso\n+00036cd0: 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 r file [argument\n+00036ce0: 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 s] .... Load\n+00036cf0: 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f a Xen hyperviso\n+00036d00: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 r binary from FI\n+00036d10: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00036d20: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00036d30: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00036d40: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c m as the \"kernel\n+00036d50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 command-line\". \n+00036d60: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 Any other binar\n+00036d70: 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 ies. must be\n+00036d80: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n+00036d90: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n+00036da0: 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e nd. This comman\n+00036db0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 d is only. a\n+00036dc0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 vailable on AArc\n+00036dd0: 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a h64 systems.....\n+00036de0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00036df0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Node: xen_modu\n+00036e00: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 le, Prev: xen_h\n+00036e10: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ypervisor, Up: \n+00036e20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00036e30: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00036e40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3220 7865 ands..16.3.82 xe\n+00036e50: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n_module.-------\n+00036e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00036e70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f Command: xen_mo\n+00036e80: 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d dule [--nounzip]\n+00036e90: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n+00036ea0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Load a mo\n+00036eb0: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 dule for xen hyp\n+00036ec0: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 ervisor at the b\n+00036ed0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f ooting process o\n+00036ee0: 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 f xen.. The \n+00036ef0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+00036f00: 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 is passed verba\n+00036f10: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c tim as the modul\n+00036f20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command line..\n+00036f30: 2020 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f Modules sho\n+00036f40: 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e uld be loaded in\n+00036f50: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00036f60: 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 rder: - dom0 ker\n+00036f70: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d nel. image -\n+00036f80: 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 dom0 ramdisk if\n+00036f90: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 present - XSM p\n+00036fa0: 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 olicy if present\n+00036fb0: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 This. comma\n+00036fc0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+00036fd0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 able on AArch64 \n+00036fe0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+00036ff0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037000: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n+00037010: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+00037020: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00037030: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00037040: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n+00037050: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 3420 5468 6520 6c69 nds..16.4 The li\n+00037060: 7374 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 st of networking\n+00037070: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n 00037080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00037090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000370a0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 ..* Menu:..* net\n-000370b0: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 _add_addr:: \n-000370c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 Add a\n-000370d0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 network address\n-000370e0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a .* net_add_dns::\n-000370f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00037100: 2041 6464 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 Add a DNS serve\n-00037110: 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 r.* net_add_rout\n-00037120: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-00037130: 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e Add routing en\n-00037140: 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a try.* net_bootp:\n-00037150: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00037160: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f Perform a bo\n-00037170: 6f74 702f 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e otp/DHCP autocon\n-00037180: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n-00037190: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 _del_addr:: \n-000371a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n-000371b0: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f e IP address fro\n-000371c0: 6d20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 m interface.* ne\n-000371d0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t_del_dns:: \n-000371e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-000371f0: 7665 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a ve a DNS server.\n-00037200: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a * net_del_route:\n-00037210: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00037220: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 Remove a route e\n-00037230: 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a ntry.* net_dhcp:\n-00037240: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00037250: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 Perform a D\n-00037260: 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 HCP autoconfigur\n-00037270: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f ation.* net_get_\n-00037280: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 dhcp_option:: \n-00037290: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 Retrieve D\n-000372a0: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 HCP options.* ne\n-000372b0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a t_ipv6_autoconf:\n-000372c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 : Perf\n-000372d0: 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e orm IPv6 autocon\n-000372e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n-000372f0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _ls_addr:: \n-00037300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-00037310: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 interfaces.* net\n-00037320: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 _ls_cards:: \n-00037330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-00037340: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 network cards.* \n-00037350: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns:: \n-00037360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-00037370: 7374 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a st DNS servers.*\n-00037380: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a net_ls_routes::\n-00037390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-000373a0: 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ist routing entr\n-000373b0: 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b ies.* net_nslook\n-000373c0: 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up:: \n-000373d0: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e Perform a DN\n-000373e0: 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 S lookup....File\n-000373f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037400: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 de: net_add_addr\n-00037410: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Next: net_add\n-00037420: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n-00037430: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-00037440: 3136 2e34 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 16.4.1 net_add_a\n-00037450: 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ddr.------------\n-00037460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037470: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 mand: net_add_ad\n-00037480: 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 dr INTERFACE CAR\n-00037490: 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 D ADDRESS. C\n-000374a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f onfigure additio\n-000374b0: 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 nal network INTE\n-000374c0: 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 RFACE with ADDRE\n-000374d0: 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a SS on a network.\n-000374e0: 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 CARD. ADDR\n-000374f0: 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 ESS can be eithe\n-00037500: 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 r IP in dotted d\n-00037510: 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c ecimal notation,\n-00037520: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 or. symboli\n-00037530: 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 c name which is \n-00037540: 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 resolved using D\n-00037550: 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 NS lookup. If s\n-00037560: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 uccessful,. \n-00037570: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 this command als\n-00037580: 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e o adds local lin\n-00037590: 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 k routing entry \n-000375a0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 to the default. \n-000375b0: 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 subnet of AD\n-000375c0: 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 DRESS with name \n-000375d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4527 3a6c 6f63 616c INTERFACE':local\n-000375e0: 2720 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e ' via INTERFACE.\n-000375f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037600: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00037610: 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 add_dns, Next: \n-00037620: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_add_route, \n-00037630: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 Prev: net_add_ad\n-00037640: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n-00037650: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n-00037660: 2e34 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 .4.2 net_add_dns\n-00037670: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00037680: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037690: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 : net_add_dns SE\n-000376a0: 5256 4552 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 RVER. Resolv\n-000376b0: 6520 5345 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 e SERVER IP addr\n-000376c0: 6573 7320 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 ess and add to t\n-000376d0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 he list of DNS s\n-000376e0: 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 ervers used. \n-000376f0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f during name loo\n-00037700: 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 kup.....File: gr\n-00037710: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037720: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_add_route, \n-00037730: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c Next: net_bootp,\n-00037740: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Prev: net_add_\n-00037750: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n-00037760: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-00037770: 362e 342e 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 6.4.3 net_add_ro\n-00037780: 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ute.------------\n-00037790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000377a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 mmand: net_add_r\n-000377b0: 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 oute SHORTNAME I\n-000377c0: 505b 2f50 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 P[/PREFIX] [INTE\n-000377d0: 5246 4143 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 RFACE | gw. \n-000377e0: 2020 2020 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 GATEWAY]. \n-000377f0: 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 Add route to \n-00037800: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 network with add\n-00037810: 7265 7373 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 ress IP as modif\n-00037820: 6965 6420 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 ied by PREFIX vi\n-00037830: 610a 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f a. either lo\n-00037840: 6361 6c20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 cal INTERFACE or\n-00037850: 2047 4154 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 GATEWAY. PREFI\n-00037860: 5820 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e X is optional an\n-00037870: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d defaults. \n-00037880: 746f 2033 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 to 32 for IPv4 a\n-00037890: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 ddress and 128 f\n-000378a0: 6f72 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e or IPv6 address.\n-000378b0: 2020 526f 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Route is. \n-000378c0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 identified by SH\n-000378d0: 4f52 544e 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 ORTNAME which ca\n-000378e0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d n be used to rem\n-000378f0: 6f76 6520 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ove it (*note. \n-00037900: 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 net_del_route\n-00037910: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00037920: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037930: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 net_bootp, Next\n-00037940: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n-00037950: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Prev: net_add_r\n-00037960: 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f oute, Up: Netwo\n-00037970: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-00037980: 3136 2e34 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 16.4.4 net_bootp\n-00037990: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000379a0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000379b0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d net_bootp [CARD]\n-000379c0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n-000379d0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f net_dhcp, for co\n-000379e0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 mpatibility with\n-000379f0: 206f 6c64 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 older Grub vers\n-00037a00: 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 ions.. Will \n-00037a10: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 perform the same\n-00037a20: 2044 4843 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 DHCP handshake \n-00037a30: 7769 7468 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 with potential f\n-00037a40: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 allback to. \n-00037a50: 424f 4f54 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 BOOTP as the net\n-00037a60: 5f64 6863 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a _dhcp command (*\n-00037a70: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 note net_dhcp::)\n-00037a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00037aa0: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 _del_addr, Next\n-00037ab0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n-00037ac0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c Prev: net_bootp,\n-00037ad0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-00037ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e commands..16.4.\n-00037af0: 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 5 net_del_addr.-\n+00037090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000370a0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 * Menu:..* net_a\n+000370b0: 6464 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 dd_addr:: \n+000370c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e Add a n\n+000370d0: 6574 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a etwork address.*\n+000370e0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 net_add_dns:: \n+000370f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+00037100: 6464 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a dd a DNS server.\n+00037110: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a * net_add_route:\n+00037120: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00037130: 4164 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 Add routing entr\n+00037140: 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 y.* net_bootp:: \n+00037150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00037160: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 Perform a boot\n+00037170: 702f 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 p/DHCP autoconfi\n+00037180: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 guration.* net_d\n+00037190: 656c 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 el_addr:: \n+000371a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n+000371b0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 IP address from \n+000371c0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f interface.* net_\n+000371d0: 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 del_dns:: \n+000371e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n+000371f0: 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 a DNS server.* \n+00037200: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 net_del_route:: \n+00037210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00037220: 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 move a route ent\n+00037230: 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 ry.* net_dhcp:: \n+00037240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00037250: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 Perform a DHC\n+00037260: 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 P autoconfigurat\n+00037270: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 ion.* net_get_dh\n+00037280: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 cp_option:: \n+00037290: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 Retrieve DHC\n+000372a0: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f P options.* net_\n+000372b0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 ipv6_autoconf:: \n+000372c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n+000372d0: 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 m IPv6 autoconfi\n+000372e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c guration.* net_l\n+000372f0: 735f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_addr:: \n+00037300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e List in\n+00037310: 7465 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c terfaces.* net_l\n+00037320: 735f 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s_cards:: \n+00037330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 List ne\n+00037340: 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 twork cards.* ne\n+00037350: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_dns:: \n+00037360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+00037370: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e DNS servers.* n\n+00037380: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 et_ls_routes:: \n+00037390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n+000373a0: 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 t routing entrie\n+000373b0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 s.* net_nslookup\n+000373c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+000373d0: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 Perform a DNS \n+000373e0: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lookup....File: \n+000373f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037400: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_add_addr, \n+00037410: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Next: net_add_d\n+00037420: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n+00037430: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n+00037440: 2e34 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 .4.1 net_add_add\n+00037450: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+00037460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037470: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 nd: net_add_addr\n+00037480: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 4420 INTERFACE CARD \n+00037490: 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e ADDRESS. Con\n+000374a0: 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 figure additiona\n+000374b0: 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 5246 l network INTERF\n+000374c0: 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 5353 ACE with ADDRESS\n+000374d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 on a network. \n+000374e0: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 4553 CARD. ADDRES\n+000374f0: 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 S can be either \n+00037500: 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 6563 IP in dotted dec\n+00037510: 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c 206f imal notation, o\n+00037520: 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 6320 r. symbolic \n+00037530: 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7265 name which is re\n+00037540: 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 solved using DNS\n+00037550: 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 7563 lookup. If suc\n+00037560: 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 cessful,. th\n+00037570: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 is command also \n+00037580: 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e 6b20 adds local link \n+00037590: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 746f routing entry to\n+000375a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+000375b0: 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 4452 subnet of ADDR\n+000375c0: 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 494e ESS with name IN\n+000375d0: 5445 5246 4143 4527 3a6c 6f63 616c 2720 TERFACE':local' \n+000375e0: 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a via INTERFACE...\n+000375f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037600: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n+00037610: 645f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 d_dns, Next: ne\n+00037620: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 t_add_route, Pr\n+00037630: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ev: net_add_addr\n+00037640: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+00037650: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 g commands..16.4\n+00037660: 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d .2 net_add_dns.-\n+00037670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037680: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037690: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 net_add_dns SERV\n+000376a0: 4552 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 ER. Resolve \n+000376b0: 5345 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 SERVER IP addres\n+000376c0: 7320 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 s and add to the\n+000376d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 list of DNS ser\n+000376e0: 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 vers used. d\n+000376f0: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 uring name looku\n+00037700: 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 p.....File: grub\n+00037710: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00037720: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 t_add_route, Ne\n+00037730: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 xt: net_bootp, \n+00037740: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Prev: net_add_dn\n+00037750: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+00037760: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ng commands..16.\n+00037770: 342e 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 4.3 net_add_rout\n+00037780: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00037790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000377a0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 and: net_add_rou\n+000377b0: 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b te SHORTNAME IP[\n+000377c0: 2f50 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 /PREFIX] [INTERF\n+000377d0: 4143 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ACE | gw. \n+000377e0: 2020 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 GATEWAY]. \n+000377f0: 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 Add route to ne\n+00037800: 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 twork with addre\n+00037810: 7373 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 ss IP as modifie\n+00037820: 6420 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a d by PREFIX via.\n+00037830: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 either loca\n+00037840: 6c20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 l INTERFACE or G\n+00037850: 4154 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 ATEWAY. PREFIX \n+00037860: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 is optional and \n+00037870: 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f defaults. to\n+00037880: 2033 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 32 for IPv4 add\n+00037890: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 ress and 128 for\n+000378a0: 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 IPv6 address. \n+000378b0: 526f 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 Route is. id\n+000378c0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 entified by SHOR\n+000378d0: 544e 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 TNAME which can \n+000378e0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 be used to remov\n+000378f0: 6520 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e it (*note. \n+00037900: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_del_route::\n+00037910: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00037920: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00037930: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t_bootp, Next: \n+00037940: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 net_del_addr, P\n+00037950: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 rev: net_add_rou\n+00037960: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b te, Up: Network\n+00037970: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n+00037980: 2e34 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d .4.4 net_bootp.-\n+00037990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000379a0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+000379b0: 745f 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 t_bootp [CARD]. \n+000379c0: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 Alias for ne\n+000379d0: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 t_dhcp, for comp\n+000379e0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f atibility with o\n+000379f0: 6c64 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f lder Grub versio\n+00037a00: 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 ns.. Will pe\n+00037a10: 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 rform the same D\n+00037a20: 4843 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 HCP handshake wi\n+00037a30: 7468 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c th potential fal\n+00037a40: 6c62 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f lback to. BO\n+00037a50: 4f54 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 OTP as the net_d\n+00037a60: 6863 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f hcp command (*no\n+00037a70: 7465 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a te net_dhcp::)..\n+00037a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+00037aa0: 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 el_addr, Next: \n+00037ab0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 net_del_dns, Pr\n+00037ac0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 ev: net_bootp, \n+00037ad0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+00037ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3520 ommands..16.4.5 \n+00037af0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d net_del_addr.---\n 00037b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00037b10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00037b20: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e net_del_addr IN\n-00037b30: 5445 5246 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d TERFACE. Rem\n-00037b40: 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 ove configured I\n-00037b50: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 NTERFACE with as\n-00037b60: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 sociated address\n-00037b70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037b80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00037b90: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a _del_dns, Next:\n-00037ba0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_del_route, \n-00037bb0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Prev: net_del_a\n-00037bc0: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n-00037bd0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-00037be0: 362e 342e 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 6.4.6 net_del_dn\n-00037bf0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-00037c00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00037c10: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 d: net_del_dns A\n-00037c20: 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f DDRESS. Remo\n-00037c30: 7665 2041 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 ve ADDRESS from \n-00037c40: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 list of servers \n-00037c50: 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 used during name\n-00037c60: 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lookup.....File\n-00037c70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037c80: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 de: net_del_rout\n-00037c90: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 e, Next: net_dh\n-00037ca0: 6370 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 cp, Prev: net_d\n-00037cb0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 el_dns, Up: Net\n-00037cc0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-00037cd0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c ..16.4.7 net_del\n-00037ce0: 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _route.---------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00037d00: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 Command: net_de\n-00037d10: 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d l_route SHORTNAM\n-00037d20: 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f E. Remove ro\n-00037d30: 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 ute entry identi\n-00037d40: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d fied by SHORTNAM\n-00037d50: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n-00037d60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00037d70: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e t_dhcp, Next: n\n-00037d80: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-00037d90: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 on, Prev: net_d\n-00037da0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e el_route, Up: N\n-00037db0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-00037dc0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 ds..16.4.8 net_d\n-00037dd0: 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hcp.------------\n-00037de0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037df0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 : net_dhcp [CARD\n-00037e00: 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 ]. Perform c\n-00037e10: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 onfiguration of \n-00037e20: 4341 5244 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 CARD using DHCP \n-00037e30: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f protocol. If no\n-00037e40: 2063 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 card name. \n-00037e50: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 is specified, tr\n-00037e60: 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 y to configure a\n-00037e70: 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 ll existing card\n-00037e80: 732e 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 s. Falls back t\n-00037e90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 o. the BOOTP\n-00037ea0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 protocol, if ne\n-00037eb0: 6564 6564 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 eded. If config\n-00037ec0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 uration was succ\n-00037ed0: 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 essful,. int\n-00037ee0: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 erface with name\n-00037ef0: 2043 4152 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2061 6e64 CARD':dhcp' and\n-00037f00: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 configured addr\n-00037f10: 6573 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a ess is added to.\n-00037f20: 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 CARD. Addi\n-00037f30: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c tionally the fol\n-00037f40: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 lowing DHCP opti\n-00037f50: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a ons are recogniz\n-00037f60: 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 ed and. proc\n-00037f70: 6573 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 3120 essed:.. '1 \n-00037f80: 2853 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 2927 0a20 (Subnet Mask)'. \n-00037f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f Used to\n-00037fa0: 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f calculate netwo\n-00037fb0: 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 rk local routing\n-00037fc0: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 entry for inter\n-00037fd0: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 face. C\n-00037fe0: 4152 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2e0a 2020 2020 ARD':dhcp'.. \n-00037ff0: 2027 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 270a 2020 '3 (Router)'. \n-00038000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 Adds def\n-00038010: 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 ault route entry\n-00038020: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 with the name C\n-00038030: 4152 4427 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c ARD':dhcp:defaul\n-00038040: 7427 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t' via. \n-00038050: 2067 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 gateway from DH\n-00038060: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 CP option. Note\n-00038070: 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f that only optio\n-00038080: 6e20 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 n with single. \n-00038090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 route is\n-000380a0: 2061 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 accepted.. \n-000380b0: 2736 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 '6 (Domain Name \n-000380c0: 5365 7276 6572 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Server)'. \n-000380d0: 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 Adds all serv\n-000380e0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ers from option \n-000380f0: 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 value to the lis\n-00038100: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 t of servers use\n-00038110: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 d. duri\n-00038120: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ng name resoluti\n-00038130: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3132 2028 486f on.. '12 (Ho\n-00038140: 7374 204e 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 st Name)'. \n-00038150: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-00038160: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e ment variable 'n\n-00038170: 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 et_''_dhcp\n-00038180: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 _hostname' (*not\n-00038190: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f e. net_\n-000381a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-000381b0: 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 name::) to the v\n-000381c0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a alue of option..\n-000381d0: 2020 2020 2027 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e '15 (Domain\n-000381e0: 204e 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name)'. \n-000381f0: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-00038200: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 nt variable 'net\n-00038210: 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f64 _''_dhcp_d\n-00038220: 6f6d 6169 6e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 omain' (*note. \n-00038230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__domain::\n-00038250: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-00038260: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 f option.. '\n-00038270: 3137 2028 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 270a 17 (Root Path)'.\n-00038280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n-00038290: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000382a0: 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e ble 'net_'\n-000382b0: 275f 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 6827 '_dhcp_rootpath'\n-000382c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-000382d0: 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 net__rootpath::) to\n-000382f0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n-00038300: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3138 2028 tion.. '18 (\n-00038310: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 Extensions Path)\n-00038320: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 '. Sets\n-00038330: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00038340: 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 iable 'net_''_dhcp_extensi\n-00038360: 6f6e 7370 6174 6827 0a20 2020 2020 2020 onspath'. \n-00038370: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 (*note net__extens\n-00038390: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 ionspath::) to t\n-000383a0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n-000383b0: 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 option.. \n-000383c0: 2020 2027 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 '66 (TFTP Ser\n-000383d0: 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 ver Name)'. \n-000383e0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-000383f0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 nment variable '\n-00038400: 6e65 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f64 6863 net_''_dhc\n-00038410: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 0a20 p_server_name'. \n-00038420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 (*note \n-00038430: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00038440: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-00038450: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n-00038460: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 of. op\n-00038470: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3637 2028 tion.. '67 (\n-00038480: 4669 6c65 6e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 Filename)'. \n-00038490: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-000384a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 nment variable '\n-000384b0: 6e65 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f62 6f6f net_''_boo\n-000384c0: 745f 6669 6c65 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 t_file' (*note. \n-000384d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__boot_fi\n-000384f0: 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c le::) to the val\n-00038500: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f ue of option....\n-00038510: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00038520: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Node: net_get\n-00038530: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e _dhcp_option, N\n-00038540: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ext: net_ipv6_au\n-00038550: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e toconf, Prev: n\n-00038560: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 et_dhcp, Up: Ne\n-00038570: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-00038580: 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 s..16.4.9 net_ge\n-00038590: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d t_dhcp_option.--\n+00037b10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+00037b20: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 et_del_addr INTE\n+00037b30: 5246 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 RFACE. Remov\n+00037b40: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 e configured INT\n+00037b50: 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f ERFACE with asso\n+00037b60: 6369 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a ciated address..\n+00037b70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037b80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+00037b90: 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e el_dns, Next: n\n+00037ba0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 et_del_route, P\n+00037bb0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 rev: net_del_add\n+00037bc0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n+00037bd0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ng commands..16.\n+00037be0: 342e 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 4.6 net_del_dns.\n+00037bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037c00: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037c10: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 net_del_dns ADD\n+00037c20: 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 RESS. Remove\n+00037c30: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 ADDRESS from li\n+00037c40: 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 st of servers us\n+00037c50: 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c ed during name l\n+00037c60: 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ookup.....File: \n+00037c70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037c80: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+00037c90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 Next: net_dhcp\n+00037ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Prev: net_del\n+00037cb0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+00037cc0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+00037cd0: 3136 2e34 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 16.4.7 net_del_r\n+00037ce0: 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oute.-----------\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00037d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n+00037d10: 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a route SHORTNAME.\n+00037d20: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 Remove rout\n+00037d30: 6520 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 e entry identifi\n+00037d40: 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e ed by SHORTNAME.\n+00037d50: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037d60: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00037d70: 6468 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 dhcp, Next: net\n+00037d80: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+00037d90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Prev: net_del\n+00037da0: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _route, Up: Net\n+00037db0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+00037dc0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 ..16.4.8 net_dhc\n+00037dd0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+00037de0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037df0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a net_dhcp [CARD].\n+00037e00: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e Perform con\n+00037e10: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 figuration of CA\n+00037e20: 5244 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 RD using DHCP pr\n+00037e30: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 otocol. If no c\n+00037e40: 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 ard name. is\n+00037e50: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 specified, try \n+00037e60: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c to configure all\n+00037e70: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e existing cards.\n+00037e80: 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a Falls back to.\n+00037e90: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 the BOOTP p\n+00037ea0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 rotocol, if need\n+00037eb0: 6564 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed. If configur\n+00037ec0: 6174 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 ation was succes\n+00037ed0: 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 sful,. inter\n+00037ee0: 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 face with name C\n+00037ef0: 4152 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2061 6e64 2063 ARD':dhcp' and c\n+00037f00: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 onfigured addres\n+00037f10: 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 s is added to. \n+00037f20: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 CARD. Additi\n+00037f30: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f onally the follo\n+00037f40: 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e wing DHCP option\n+00037f50: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 s are recognized\n+00037f60: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 and. proces\n+00037f70: 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 3120 2853 sed:.. '1 (S\n+00037f80: 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 2927 0a20 2020 ubnet Mask)'. \n+00037f90: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 Used to c\n+00037fa0: 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b alculate network\n+00037fb0: 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 local routing e\n+00037fc0: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ntry for interfa\n+00037fd0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 ce. CAR\n+00037fe0: 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 D':dhcp'.. '\n+00037ff0: 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 270a 2020 2020 3 (Router)'. \n+00038000: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 Adds defau\n+00038010: 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 lt route entry w\n+00038020: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 ith the name CAR\n+00038030: 4427 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 7427 D':dhcp:default'\n+00038040: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 via. g\n+00038050: 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 ateway from DHCP\n+00038060: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 option. Note t\n+00038070: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hat only option \n+00038080: 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 with single. \n+00038090: 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 route is a\n+000380a0: 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 2736 ccepted.. '6\n+000380b0: 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 (Domain Name Se\n+000380c0: 7276 6572 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rver)'. \n+000380d0: 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 Adds all server\n+000380e0: 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 s from option va\n+000380f0: 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 lue to the list \n+00038100: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a of servers used.\n+00038110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 during\n+00038120: 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e name resolution\n+00038130: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3132 2028 486f 7374 .. '12 (Host\n+00038140: 204e 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name)'. \n+00038150: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n+00038160: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 nt variable 'net\n+00038170: 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f68 _''_dhcp_h\n+00038180: 6f73 746e 616d 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ostname' (*note.\n+00038190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__hostna\n+000381b0: 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c me::) to the val\n+000381c0: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n+000381d0: 2020 2027 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e '15 (Domain N\n+000381e0: 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame)'. \n+000381f0: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n+00038200: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 variable 'net_'\n+00038210: 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d '_dhcp_dom\n+00038220: 6169 6e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ain' (*note. \n+00038230: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__domain::) \n+00038250: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n+00038260: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3137 option.. '17\n+00038270: 2028 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 270a 2020 (Root Path)'. \n+00038280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+00038290: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000382a0: 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f e 'net_''_\n+000382b0: 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 6827 2028 dhcp_rootpath' (\n+000382c0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+000382d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000382e0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 rootpath::) to t\n+000382f0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n+00038300: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3138 2028 4578 on.. '18 (Ex\n+00038310: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 270a tensions Path)'.\n+00038320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+00038330: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00038340: 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e ble 'net_'\n+00038350: 275f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e '_dhcp_extension\n+00038360: 7370 6174 6827 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 spath'. \n+00038370: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 (*note net__extensio\n+00038390: 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 nspath::) to the\n+000383a0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n+000383b0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 option.. \n+000383c0: 2027 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 7665 '66 (TFTP Serve\n+000383d0: 7220 4e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r Name)'. \n+000383e0: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+000383f0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 ent variable 'ne\n+00038400: 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f64 6863 705f t_''_dhcp_\n+00038410: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 server_name'. \n+00038420: 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 (*note ne\n+00038430: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+00038440: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a cp_server_name::\n+00038450: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n+00038460: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f. opti\n+00038470: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3637 2028 4669 on.. '67 (Fi\n+00038480: 6c65 6e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lename)'. \n+00038490: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+000384a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 ent variable 'ne\n+000384b0: 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f62 6f6f 745f t_''_boot_\n+000384c0: 6669 6c65 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 file' (*note. \n+000384d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__boot_file\n+000384f0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n+00038500: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 of option.....F\n+00038510: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00038520: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Node: net_get_d\n+00038530: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 hcp_option, Nex\n+00038540: 743a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f t: net_ipv6_auto\n+00038550: 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 conf, Prev: net\n+00038560: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 _dhcp, Up: Netw\n+00038570: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+00038580: 0a31 362e 342e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f .16.4.9 net_get_\n+00038590: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d dhcp_option.----\n 000385a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000385b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000385c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 mmand: net_get_d\n-000385d0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 hcp_option VAR I\n-000385e0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 NTERFACE NUMBER \n-000385f0: 5459 5045 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 TYPE. Reques\n-00038600: 7420 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 t DHCP option NU\n-00038610: 4d42 4552 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 MBER of TYPE via\n-00038620: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 INTERFACE. TYP\n-00038630: 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 E can be one. \n-00038640: 2020 6f66 2027 7374 7269 6e67 272c 2027 of 'string', '\n-00038650: 6e75 6d62 6572 2720 6f72 2027 6865 7827 number' or 'hex'\n-00038660: 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 . If option is \n-00038670: 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 found, assign it\n-00038680: 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 s. value to \n-00038690: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 variable VAR. V\n-000386a0: 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 2027 alues of types '\n-000386b0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2720 616e 6420 2768 6578 number' and 'hex\n-000386c0: 2720 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 ' are. conve\n-000386d0: 7274 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 rted to string r\n-000386e0: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a epresentation...\n-000386f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00038700: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 o, Node: net_ip\n-00038710: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 v6_autoconf, Ne\n-00038720: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c xt: net_ls_addr,\n-00038730: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Prev: net_get_\n-00038740: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 dhcp_option, Up\n-00038750: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00038760: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3130 206e mands..16.4.10 n\n-00038770: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-00038780: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00038790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000387a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 Command: net_ipv\n-000387b0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 6_autoconf [CARD\n-000387c0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 ]. Perform I\n-000387d0: 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Pv6 autoconfigur\n-000387e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 ation by adding \n-000387f0: 746f 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 to the CARD inte\n-00038800: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 rface with. \n-00038810: 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 4427 3a6c 696e 6b27 name CARD':link'\n-00038820: 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 and link local \n-00038830: 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 MAC-based addres\n-00038840: 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 s. If no card i\n-00038850: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00038860: 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f , perform autoco\n-00038870: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 nfiguration for \n-00038880: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n-00038890: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-000388a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-000388b0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 et_ls_addr, Nex\n-000388c0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c t: net_ls_cards,\n-000388d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Prev: net_ipv6\n-000388e0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 _autoconf, Up: \n-000388f0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-00038900: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3131 206e 6574 nds..16.4.11 net\n-00038910: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_addr.-------\n-00038920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00038930: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-00038940: 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 s_addr. List\n-00038950: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 all configured \n-00038960: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 interfaces with \n-00038970: 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 their MAC and IP\n-00038980: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 addresses.....F\n-00038990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000389a0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 Node: net_ls_ca\n-000389b0: 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f rds, Next: net_\n-000389c0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ls_dns, Prev: n\n-000389d0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a et_ls_addr, Up:\n-000389e0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-000389f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3220 6e65 ands..16.4.12 ne\n-00038a00: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_cards.-----\n-00038a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00038a20: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-00038a30: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-00038a40: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 List all detecte\n-00038a50: 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 d network cards \n-00038a60: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 with their MAC a\n-00038a70: 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ddress.....File:\n-00038a80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00038a90: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 e: net_ls_dns, \n-00038aa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Next: net_ls_rou\n-00038ab0: 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f tes, Prev: net_\n-00038ac0: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e ls_cards, Up: N\n-00038ad0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-00038ae0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3320 6e65 745f ds..16.4.13 net_\n-00038af0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_dns.---------\n-00038b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00038b10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 ommand: net_ls_d\n-00038b20: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 ns. List add\n-00038b30: 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 resses of DNS se\n-00038b40: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e rvers used durin\n-00038b50: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n-00038b60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00038b70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-00038b80: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _routes, Next: \n-00038b90: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 net_nslookup, P\n-00038ba0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c rev: net_ls_dns,\n-00038bb0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-00038bc0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e commands..16.4.\n-00038bd0: 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 14 net_ls_routes\n-00038be0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00038bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00038c00: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 and: net_ls_rout\n-00038c10: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 es. List rou\n-00038c20: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f ting entries....\n-00038c30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00038c40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Node: net_nsl\n-00038c50: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 ookup, Prev: ne\n-00038c60: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 t_ls_routes, Up\n-00038c70: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00038c80: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3135 206e mands..16.4.15 n\n-00038c90: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d et_nslookup.----\n-00038ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038cb0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-00038cc0: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 et_nslookup NAME\n-00038cd0: 205b 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 [SERVER]. R\n-00038ce0: 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f esolve address o\n-00038cf0: 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 f NAME using DNS\n-00038d00: 2073 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 server SERVER. \n-00038d10: 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 If no server is\n-00038d20: 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 . given, use\n-00038d30: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 default list of\n-00038d40: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c servers.....Fil\n-00038d50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00038d60: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ode: Internation\n-00038d70: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 alisation, Next\n-00038d80: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 : Security, Pre\n-00038d90: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 v: Commands, Up\n-00038da0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 496e 7465 726e : Top..17 Intern\n-00038db0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a ationalisation.*\n+000385b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000385c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 and: net_get_dhc\n+000385d0: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 p_option VAR INT\n+000385e0: 4552 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 ERFACE NUMBER TY\n+000385f0: 5045 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 PE. Request \n+00038600: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 DHCP option NUMB\n+00038610: 4552 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 ER of TYPE via I\n+00038620: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 NTERFACE. TYPE \n+00038630: 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 can be one. \n+00038640: 6f66 2027 7374 7269 6e67 272c 2027 6e75 of 'string', 'nu\n+00038650: 6d62 6572 2720 6f72 2027 6865 7827 2e20 mber' or 'hex'. \n+00038660: 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f If option is fo\n+00038670: 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 730a und, assign its.\n+00038680: 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7661 value to va\n+00038690: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 616c riable VAR. Val\n+000386a0: 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 2027 6e75 ues of types 'nu\n+000386b0: 6d62 6572 2720 616e 6420 2768 6578 2720 mber' and 'hex' \n+000386c0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 are. convert\n+000386d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 ed to string rep\n+000386e0: 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a resentation.....\n+000386f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00038700: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Node: net_ipv6\n+00038710: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 _autoconf, Next\n+00038720: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n+00038730: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Prev: net_get_dh\n+00038740: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cp_option, Up: \n+00038750: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+00038760: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3130 206e 6574 nds..16.4.10 net\n+00038770: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d _ipv6_autoconf.-\n+00038780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00038790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000387a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f mmand: net_ipv6_\n+000387b0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a autoconf [CARD].\n+000387c0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 Perform IPv\n+000387d0: 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 6 autoconfigurat\n+000387e0: 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f ion by adding to\n+000387f0: 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 the CARD interf\n+00038800: 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 ace with. na\n+00038810: 6d65 2043 4152 4427 3a6c 696e 6b27 2061 me CARD':link' a\n+00038820: 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 nd link local MA\n+00038830: 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e C-based address.\n+00038840: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a If no card is.\n+00038850: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n+00038860: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 perform autoconf\n+00038870: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c iguration for al\n+00038880: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n+00038890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000388a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+000388b0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a _ls_addr, Next:\n+000388c0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 net_ls_cards, \n+000388d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Prev: net_ipv6_a\n+000388e0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 utoconf, Up: Ne\n+000388f0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+00038900: 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c s..16.4.11 net_l\n+00038910: 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_addr.---------\n+00038920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00038930: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n+00038940: 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 addr. List a\n+00038950: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e ll configured in\n+00038960: 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 terfaces with th\n+00038970: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 eir MAC and IP a\n+00038980: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ddresses.....Fil\n+00038990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000389a0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n+000389b0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Next: net_ls\n+000389c0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _dns, Prev: net\n+000389d0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e _ls_addr, Up: N\n+000389e0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+000389f0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3220 6e65 745f ds..16.4.12 net_\n+00038a00: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_cards.-------\n+00038a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00038a20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+00038a30: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 ls_cards. Li\n+00038a40: 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 st all detected \n+00038a50: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 network cards wi\n+00038a60: 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 th their MAC add\n+00038a70: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ress.....File: g\n+00038a80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00038a90: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 net_ls_dns, Ne\n+00038aa0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 xt: net_ls_route\n+00038ab0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Prev: net_ls\n+00038ac0: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _cards, Up: Net\n+00038ad0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+00038ae0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 ..16.4.13 net_ls\n+00038af0: 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dns.-----------\n+00038b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00038b10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 mand: net_ls_dns\n+00038b20: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 . List addre\n+00038b30: 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 sses of DNS serv\n+00038b40: 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ers used during \n+00038b50: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n+00038b60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00038b70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Node: net_ls_r\n+00038b80: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 outes, Next: ne\n+00038b90: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 t_nslookup, Pre\n+00038ba0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 v: net_ls_dns, \n+00038bb0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+00038bc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3134 ommands..16.4.14\n+00038bd0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d net_ls_routes.-\n+00038be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00038bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00038c00: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 d: net_ls_routes\n+00038c10: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 . List routi\n+00038c20: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ng entries.....F\n+00038c30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00038c40: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Node: net_nsloo\n+00038c50: 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Prev: net_\n+00038c60: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ls_routes, Up: \n+00038c70: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+00038c80: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3135 206e 6574 nds..16.4.15 net\n+00038c90: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _nslookup.------\n+00038ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00038cb0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+00038cc0: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b _nslookup NAME [\n+00038cd0: 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER]. Res\n+00038ce0: 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 olve address of \n+00038cf0: 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 NAME using DNS s\n+00038d00: 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 erver SERVER. I\n+00038d10: 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 f no server is. \n+00038d20: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 given, use d\n+00038d30: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 efault list of s\n+00038d40: 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ervers.....File:\n+00038d50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00038d60: 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e: International\n+00038d70: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 isation, Next: \n+00038d80: 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 763a Security, Prev:\n+00038d90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Commands, Up: \n+00038da0: 546f 700a 0a31 3720 496e 7465 726e 6174 Top..17 Internat\n+00038db0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a ionalisation.***\n 00038dc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00038dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6861 ******..17.1 Cha\n-00038de0: 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rset.===========\n-00038df0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 5446 =..GRUB uses UTF\n-00038e00: 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 -8 internally ot\n-00038e10: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 her than in rend\n-00038e20: 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f 6d65 ering where some\n-00038e30: 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 .GRUB-specific a\n-00038e40: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 7265 ppropriate repre\n-00038e50: 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 sentation is use\n-00038e60: 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 696c d. All text fil\n-00038e70: 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 636f es.(including co\n-00038e80: 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 nfig) are assume\n-00038e90: 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e 636f 6465 6420 d to be encoded \n-00038ea0: 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 372e 3220 in UTF-8...17.2 \n-00038eb0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d Filesystems.====\n-00038ec0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 ============..NT\n-00038ed0: 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 4446 2c20 4846 FS, JFS, UDF, HF\n-00038ee0: 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c 206c 6f6e 6720 S+, exFAT, long \n-00038ef0: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 696e 2046 4154 filenames in FAT\n-00038f00: 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 6172 7420 6f66 , Joliet part of\n-00038f10: 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 7265 2074 7265 .ISO9660 are tre\n-00038f20: 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 462d 3136 2061 ated as UTF-16 a\n-00038f30: 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 s per specificat\n-00038f40: 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 616e 6420 4246 ion. AFS and BF\n-00038f50: 5320 6172 650a 7265 6164 2061 7320 5554 S are.read as UT\n-00038f60: 462d 382c 2061 6761 696e 2061 6363 6f72 F-8, again accor\n-00038f70: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 ding to specific\n-00038f80: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 532c 2063 ation. BtrFS, c\n-00038f90: 7069 6f2c 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 7561 7368 pio, tar,.squash\n-00038fa0: 342c 206d 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 6e69 7832 4, minix, minix2\n-00038fb0: 2c20 6d69 6e69 7833 2c20 524f 4d46 532c , minix3, ROMFS,\n-00038fc0: 2052 6569 7365 7246 532c 2058 4653 2c20 ReiserFS, XFS, \n-00038fd0: 6578 7432 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 6578 7434 ext2, ext3, ext4\n-00038fe0: 2c0a 4641 5420 2873 686f 7274 206e 616d ,.FAT (short nam\n-00038ff0: 6573 292c 2046 3246 532c 2052 6f63 6b52 es), F2FS, RockR\n-00039000: 6964 6765 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2049 534f idge part of ISO\n-00039010: 3936 3630 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 2c20 5546 9660, nilfs2, UF\n-00039020: 5331 2c20 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 205a 4653 S1, UFS2.and ZFS\n-00039030: 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 are assumed to \n-00039040: 6265 2055 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 6869 7320 be UTF-8. This \n-00039050: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2066 616c 7365 206f might be false o\n-00039060: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 730a 636f 6e66 6967 n systems.config\n-00039070: 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6761 6379 ured with legacy\n-00039080: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2062 7574 2061 7320 charset but as \n-00039090: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6368 6172 long as the char\n-000390a0: 7365 7420 7573 6564 2069 730a 7375 7065 set used is.supe\n-000390b0: 7273 6574 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 796f rset of ASCII yo\n-000390c0: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 u should be able\n-000390d0: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2041 5343 4949 to access ASCII\n-000390e0: 2d6e 616d 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2041 -named files. A\n-000390f0: 6e64 0a69 7427 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nd.it's recommen\n-00039100: 6465 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 ded to configure\n-00039110: 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 your system to \n-00039120: 7573 6520 5554 462d 3820 746f 2061 6363 use UTF-8 to acc\n-00039130: 6573 7320 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ess the.filesyst\n-00039140: 656d 2c20 636f 6e76 6d76 206d 6179 2068 em, convmv may h\n-00039150: 656c 7020 7769 7468 206d 6967 7261 7469 elp with migrati\n-00039160: 6f6e 2e20 2049 534f 3936 3630 2028 706c on. ISO9660 (pl\n-00039170: 6169 6e29 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 0a61 ain) filenames.a\n-00039180: 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 re specified as \n-00039190: 6265 696e 6720 4153 4349 4920 6f72 2062 being ASCII or b\n-000391a0: 6569 6e67 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2077 eing described w\n-000391b0: 6974 6820 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ith unspecified \n-000391c0: 6573 6361 7065 0a73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 escape.sequences\n-000391d0: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 . GRUB assumes \n-000391e0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2049 534f 3936 3630 that the ISO9660\n-000391f0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2055 5446 2d38 names are UTF-8\n-00039200: 2028 7369 6e63 6520 616e 790a 4153 4349 (since any.ASCI\n-00039210: 4920 6973 2076 616c 6964 2055 5446 2d38 I is valid UTF-8\n-00039220: 292e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 736f ). There are so\n-00039230: 6d65 206f 6c64 2043 442d 524f 4d73 2077 me old CD-ROMs w\n-00039240: 6869 6368 2075 7365 2043 5034 3337 2069 hich use CP437 i\n-00039250: 6e0a 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 n.non-compliant \n-00039260: 7761 792e 2020 596f 7527 7265 2073 7469 way. You're sti\n-00039270: 6c6c 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 ll able to acces\n-00039280: 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 206e 616d s files with nam\n-00039290: 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e es.containing on\n-000392a0: 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 ly ASCII charact\n-000392b0: 6572 7320 6f6e 2073 7563 6820 6669 6c65 ers on such file\n-000392c0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 systems though. \n-000392d0: 2059 6f75 2772 650a 616c 736f 2061 626c You're.also abl\n-000392e0: 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 616e 7920 e to access any \n-000392f0: 6669 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 file if the file\n-00039300: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 system contains \n-00039310: 7661 6c69 6420 4a6f 6c69 6574 0a28 5554 valid Joliet.(UT\n-00039320: 462d 3136 2920 6f72 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 F-16) or RockRid\n-00039330: 6765 2028 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2041 4646 ge (UTF-8). 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GRUB alw\n-0003a3a0: 6179 7320 7573 6573 0a74 6865 2064 6563 ays uses.the dec\n-0003a3b0: 696d 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 666f 726d imal number form\n-0003a3c0: 6174 2077 6974 6820 5b30 2d39 5d20 6173 at with [0-9] as\n-0003a3d0: 2064 6967 6974 7320 616e 6420 2e20 2061 digits and . a\n-0003a3e0: 7320 6465 7363 696d 616c 0a73 6570 6172 s descimal.separ\n-0003a3f0: 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 6772 6f75 ator and no grou\n-0003a400: 7020 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e 2020 4945 p separator. IE\n-0003a410: 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 EE1275 aliases a\n-0003a420: 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 0a63 6173 652d re matched.case-\n-0003a430: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 656c 7920 6578 insensitively ex\n-0003a440: 6365 7074 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2077 cept non-ASCII w\n-0003a450: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6d61 7463 6865 6420 hich is matched \n-0003a460: 6173 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 5369 6d69 as binary. Simi\n-0003a470: 6c61 720a 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6973 lar.behaviour is\n-0003a480: 2066 6f72 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 4f53 for matching OS\n-0003a490: 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 BundleRequired. \n-0003a4a0: 2053 696e 6365 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 Since IEEE1275 \n-0003a4b0: 616c 6961 7365 7320 616e 640a 4f53 4275 aliases and.OSBu\n-0003a4c0: 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6f6e ndleRequired don\n-0003a4d0: 2774 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 6e79 206e 't contain any n\n-0003a4e0: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2069 7420 7368 6f75 on-ASCII it shou\n-0003a4f0: 6c64 206e 6576 6572 2062 6520 610a 7072 ld never be a.pr\n-0003a500: 6f62 6c65 6d20 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 oblem in practic\n-0003a510: 652e 2020 4361 7365 2d73 656e 7369 7469 e. Case-sensiti\n-0003a520: 7665 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 ve identifiers a\n-0003a530: 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 7261 re matched as ra\n-0003a540: 770a 7374 7269 6e67 732c 206e 6f20 6361 w.strings, no ca\n-0003a550: 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 nonical equivale\n-0003a560: 6e63 6520 6368 6563 6b20 6973 2070 6572 nce check is per\n-0003a570: 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2043 6173 652d 696e formed. Case-in\n-0003a580: 7365 6e73 7469 7665 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 senstive.identif\n-0003a590: 6965 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 iers are matched\n-0003a5a0: 2061 7320 5241 5720 6275 7420 6164 6469 as RAW but addi\n-0003a5b0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 205b 612d 7a5d 2069 tionally [a-z] i\n-0003a5c0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a s equivalent to.\n-0003a5d0: 5b41 2d5a 5d2e 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 [A-Z]. 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Other uni\n-0003a6d0: 636f 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 code space chara\n-0003a6e0: 6374 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 cters.aren't a v\n-0003a6f0: 616c 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 alid field separ\n-0003a700: 6174 6f72 2e20 2027 7465 7374 2720 282a ator. 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Th\n+00039490: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e e filesystems in\n+000394a0: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2061 7265 204e questions are N\n+000394b0: 5446 5320 2865 7863 6570 7420 504f 5349 TFS (except POSI\n+000394c0: 580a 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6529 2c20 4846 X.namespace), HF\n+000394d0: 532b 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 S+ (configurable\n+000394e0: 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 at mkfs time, d\n+000394f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 efault insensiti\n+00039500: 7665 292c 2053 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 ve), SFS.(config\n+00039510: 7572 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 urable at mkfs t\n+00039520: 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 ime, default ins\n+00039530: 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 204a 4653 2028 ensitive), JFS (\n+00039540: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 740a configurable at.\n+00039550: 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 mkfs time, defau\n+00039560: 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 2048 lt sensitive), H\n+00039570: 4653 2c20 4146 4653 2c20 4641 542c 2065 FS, AFFS, FAT, e\n+00039580: 7846 4154 2061 6e64 205a 4653 0a28 636f xFAT and ZFS.(co\n+00039590: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7065 nfigurable on pe\n+000395a0: 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 r-subvolume basi\n+000395b0: 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 2263 s by property \"c\n+000395c0: 6173 6573 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 222c asesensitivity\",\n+000395d0: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 .default sensiti\n+000395e0: 7665 292e 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2073 7562 ve). On ZFS sub\n+000395f0: 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 6d61 726b 6564 2061 volumes marked a\n+00039600: 7320 6361 7365 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 s case insensiti\n+00039610: 7665 2066 696c 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e ve files.contain\n+00039620: 696e 6720 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 696e ing lowercase in\n+00039630: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 ternational char\n+00039640: 6163 7465 7273 2061 7265 2069 6e61 6363 acters are inacc\n+00039650: 6573 7369 626c 652e 2020 416c 736f 0a6c essible. Also.l\n+00039660: 696b 6520 616c 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ike all supporte\n+00039670: 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 6578 d filesystems ex\n+00039680: 6365 7074 2048 4653 2b20 616e 6420 5a46 cept HFS+ and ZF\n+00039690: 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S (configurable \n+000396a0: 6f6e 0a70 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 on.per-subvolume\n+000396b0: 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 basis by proper\n+000396c0: 7479 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6174 696f ty \"normalizatio\n+000396d0: 6e22 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 6e65 n\", default none\n+000396e0: 2920 4752 5542 0a6d 616b 6573 206e 6f20 ) GRUB.makes no \n+000396f0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b attempt at check\n+00039700: 206f 6620 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 of canonical eq\n+00039710: 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 736f 2061 2066 uivalence so a f\n+00039720: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a75 2d64 6961 7265 ile name.u-diare\n+00039730: 7369 7320 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 sis is treated a\n+00039740: 7320 6469 7374 696e 6374 2066 726f 6d20 s distinct from \n+00039750: 752b 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6469 6172 u+combining diar\n+00039760: 6573 6973 2e20 2054 6869 730a 686f 7765 esis. This.howe\n+00039770: 7665 7220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2069 ver means that i\n+00039780: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 6363 6573 n order to acces\n+00039790: 7320 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 4846 532b 2069 s file on HFS+ i\n+000397a0: 7473 206e 616d 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a ts name must be.\n+000397b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 206e 6f72 specified in nor\n+000397c0: 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 6d20 malisation form \n+000397d0: 442e 204f 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6564 D. On normalized\n+000397e0: 205a 4653 2073 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 730a ZFS subvolumes.\n+000397f0: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 6f75 7420 6f66 filenames out of\n+00039800: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2061 normalisation a\n+00039810: 7265 2069 6e61 6363 6573 7369 626c 652e re inaccessible.\n+00039820: 0a0a 3137 2e33 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 ..17.3 Output te\n+00039830: 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rminal.=========\n+00039840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 ===========..Fir\n+00039850: 6d77 6172 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2063 6f6e mware output con\n+00039860: 736f 6c65 2022 636f 6e73 6f6c 6522 206f sole \"console\" o\n+00039870: 6e20 4152 4320 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 n ARC and IEEE12\n+00039880: 3735 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 75 are limited t\n+00039890: 6f0a 4153 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2042 494f o.ASCII... BIO\n+000398a0: 5320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f S firmware conso\n+000398b0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2056 4741 2074 6578 7420 le and VGA text \n+000398c0: 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 are limited to A\n+000398d0: 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 650a 7073 SCII and some.ps\n+000398e0: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e0a 0a20 eudographics... \n+000398f0: 2020 4e6f 6e65 206f 6620 6162 6f76 6520 None of above \n+00039900: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6973 2061 7070 mentioned is app\n+00039910: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2064 6973 ropriate for dis\n+00039920: 706c 6179 696e 6720 696e 7465 726e 6174 playing internat\n+00039930: 696f 6e61 6c0a 616e 6420 616e 7920 756e ional.and any un\n+00039940: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6368 6172 6163 supported charac\n+00039950: 7465 7220 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 ter is replaced \n+00039960: 7769 7468 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6d61 with question ma\n+00039970: 726b 2065 7863 6570 740a 7073 6575 646f rk except.pseudo\n+00039980: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2077 6869 6368 2077 graphics which w\n+00039990: 6520 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2061 7070 e attempt to app\n+000399a0: 726f 7869 6d61 7465 2077 6974 6820 4153 roximate with AS\n+000399b0: 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2045 4649 2063 6f6e CII... EFI con\n+000399c0: 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 sole on the othe\n+000399d0: 7220 6861 6e64 206e 6f6d 696e 616c 6c79 r hand nominally\n+000399e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5554 462d 3136 supports UTF-16\n+000399f0: 2062 7574 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 6c61 6e67 but actual.lang\n+00039a00: 7561 6765 2063 6f76 6572 6167 6520 6465 uage coverage de\n+00039a10: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 pends on firmwar\n+00039a20: 6520 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2076 6572 e and may be ver\n+00039a30: 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 y limited... T\n+00039a40: 6865 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 6564 he encoding used\n+00039a50: 206f 6e20 7365 7269 616c 2063 616e 2062 on serial can b\n+00039a60: 6520 6368 6f73 656e 2077 6974 6820 2774 e chosen with 't\n+00039a70: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 2061 7320 6569 7468 erminfo' as eith\n+00039a80: 6572 0a41 5343 4949 2c20 5554 462d 3820 er.ASCII, UTF-8 \n+00039a90: 6f72 2022 7669 7375 616c 2055 5446 2d38 or \"visual UTF-8\n+00039aa0: 222e 2020 4c61 7374 206f 6e65 2069 7320 \". Last one is \n+00039ab0: 6167 6169 6e73 7420 7468 6520 7370 6563 against the spec\n+00039ac0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 6275 7420 7265 ification.but re\n+00039ad0: 7375 6c74 7320 696e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 sults in correct\n+00039ae0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7269 rendering of ri\n+00039af0: 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 6f6e 2073 ght-to-left on s\n+00039b00: 6f6d 6520 7265 6164 6572 7320 7768 6963 ome readers whic\n+00039b10: 680a 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 206f 776e h.don't have own\n+00039b20: 2062 6964 6920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 bidi implementa\n+00039b30: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2065 6d75 tion... On emu\n+00039b40: 2047 5255 4220 6368 6563 6b73 2069 6620 GRUB checks if \n+00039b50: 6368 6172 7365 7420 6973 2055 5446 2d38 charset is UTF-8\n+00039b60: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 and uses it if \n+00039b70: 736f 2061 6e64 2075 7365 730a 4153 4349 so and uses.ASCI\n+00039b80: 4920 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 I otherwise... \n+00039b90: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 6766 7874 When using gfxt\n+00039ba0: 6572 6d20 6f72 2067 6678 6d65 6e75 2047 erm or gfxmenu G\n+00039bb0: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2069 7320 7265 RUB itself is re\n+00039bc0: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 720a 7265 sponsible for.re\n+00039bd0: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7465 7874 ndering the text\n+00039be0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n+00039bf0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 GRUB is limited \n+00039c00: 6279 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e by loaded fonts.\n+00039c10: 2020 4966 0a66 6f6e 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 If.fonts conta\n+00039c20: 696e 2061 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 in all required \n+00039c30: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e20 characters then \n+00039c40: 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 bidirectional te\n+00039c50: 7874 2c20 6375 7273 6976 650a 7661 7269 xt, cursive.vari\n+00039c60: 616e 7473 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 ants and combini\n+00039c70: 6e67 206d 6172 6b73 206f 7468 6572 2074 ng marks other t\n+00039c80: 6861 6e20 656e 636c 6f73 696e 672c 2068 han enclosing, h\n+00039c90: 616c 6620 2865 2e67 2e20 206c 6566 7420 alf (e.g. left \n+00039ca0: 6861 6c66 0a74 696c 6465 206f 7220 636f half.tilde or co\n+00039cb0: 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6f76 6572 6c69 6e65 mbining overline\n+00039cc0: 2920 616e 6420 646f 7562 6c65 206f 6e65 ) and double one\n+00039cd0: 732e 2020 4c69 6761 7475 7265 7320 6172 s. Ligatures ar\n+00039ce0: 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 en't.supported t\n+00039cf0: 686f 7567 682e 2020 5468 6973 2073 686f hough. This sho\n+00039d00: 756c 6420 636f 7665 7220 4575 726f 7065 uld cover Europe\n+00039d10: 616e 2c20 4d69 6464 6c65 2045 6173 7465 an, Middle Easte\n+00039d20: 726e 2028 6966 2079 6f75 0a64 6f6e 2774 rn (if you.don't\n+00039d30: 206d 696e 6420 6c61 636b 206f 6620 6c61 mind lack of la\n+00039d40: 6d2d 616c 6966 206c 6967 6174 7572 6520 m-alif ligature \n+00039d50: 696e 2041 7261 6269 6329 2061 6e64 2045 in Arabic) and E\n+00039d60: 6173 7420 4173 6961 6e20 7363 7269 7074 ast Asian script\n+00039d70: 732e 0a4e 6f74 6162 6c65 2075 6e73 7570 s..Notable unsup\n+00039d80: 706f 7274 6564 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 ported scripts a\n+00039d90: 7265 2042 7261 686d 6963 2066 616d 696c re Brahmic famil\n+00039da0: 7920 616e 6420 6465 7269 7665 6420 6173 y and derived as\n+00039db0: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 0a4d 6f6e 676f 6c69 well as.Mongoli\n+00039dc0: 616e 2c20 5469 6669 6e61 6768 2c20 4b6f an, Tifinagh, Ko\n+00039dd0: 7265 616e 204a 616d 6f20 2870 7265 636f rean Jamo (preco\n+00039de0: 6d70 6f73 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 mposed character\n+00039df0: 7320 6861 7665 206e 6f0a 7072 6f62 6c65 s have no.proble\n+00039e00: 6d29 2061 6e64 2074 6f6e 616c 2077 7269 m) and tonal wri\n+00039e10: 7469 6e67 2028 3265 352d 3265 3929 2e20 ting (2e5-2e9). \n+00039e20: 2047 5255 4220 616c 736f 2069 676e 6f72 GRUB also ignor\n+00039e30: 6573 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 2861 es deprecated (a\n+00039e40: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2055 s.specified in U\n+00039e50: 6e69 636f 6465 2920 6368 6172 6163 7465 nicode) characte\n+00039e60: 7273 2028 652e 672e 2020 7461 6773 292e rs (e.g. tags).\n+00039e70: 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 646f 6573 GRUB also does\n+00039e80: 6e27 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 0a73 6f20 6361 n't handle.so ca\n+00039e90: 6c6c 6564 2022 616e 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e lled \"annotation\n+00039ea0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7322 2049 6620 characters\" If \n+00039eb0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 you can complete\n+00039ec0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 776f 0a6c either of two.l\n+00039ed0: 6973 7473 206f 722c 2062 6574 7465 722c ists or, better,\n+00039ee0: 2070 726f 706f 7365 2061 2070 6174 6368 propose a patch\n+00039ef0: 2074 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7265 6e64 to improve rend\n+00039f00: 6572 696e 672c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 636f ering, please co\n+00039f10: 6e74 6163 740a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 ntact.developer \n+00039f20: 7465 616d 2e0a 0a31 372e 3420 496e 7075 team...17.4 Inpu\n+00039f30: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d t terminal.=====\n+00039f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00039f50: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 Firmware console\n+00039f60: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 4945 4545 3132 on BIOS, IEEE12\n+00039f70: 3735 2061 6e64 2041 5243 2064 6f65 736e 75 and ARC doesn\n+00039f80: 2774 2061 6c6c 6f77 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 't allow you to \n+00039f90: 656e 7465 720a 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 enter.non-ASCII \n+00039fa0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2045 4649 characters. EFI\n+00039fb0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 specification a\n+00039fc0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 666f 7220 7375 6368 2062 llows for such b\n+00039fd0: 7574 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 0a75 6e61 ut author is.una\n+00039fe0: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616e 7920 6163 7475 ware of any actu\n+00039ff0: 616c 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f al implementatio\n+0003a000: 6e73 2e20 2053 6572 6961 6c20 696e 7075 ns. Serial inpu\n+0003a010: 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a6c t is currently.l\n+0003a020: 696d 6974 6564 2066 6f72 206c 6174 696e imited for latin\n+0003a030: 3120 2875 6e6c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 1 (unlikely to c\n+0003a040: 6861 6e67 6529 2e20 204f 776e 206b 6579 hange). 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In\n+0003a110: 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b practice it mak\n+0003a120: 6573 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a es difficult to.\n+0003a130: 656e 7465 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 enter any text u\n+0003a140: 7369 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 sing non-Latin a\n+0003a150: 6c70 6861 6265 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 lphabet. 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Other unico\n+0003a6d0: 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 de space charact\n+0003a6e0: 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c ers.aren't a val\n+0003a6f0: 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 id field separat\n+0003a700: 6f72 2e20 2027 7465 7374 2720 282a 6e6f or. 'test' (*no\n+0003a710: 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 te test::) tests\n+0003a720: 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d <, >, <=,.>=, -\n+0003a730: 7067 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d pgt and -plt com\n+0003a740: 7061 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 pare the strings\n+0003a750: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 in the lexicogr\n+0003a760: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 aphical order of\n+0003a770: 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 .unicode codepoi\n+0003a780: 6e74 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 nts, replicating\n+0003a790: 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f the behaviour o\n+0003a7a0: 6620 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 f test from core\n+0003a7b0: 7574 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 utils..environme\n+0003a7c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 nt variables and\n+0003a7d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 commands are li\n+0003a7e0: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 sted in the same\n+0003a7f0: 206f 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a order.....File:\n+0003a800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003a810: 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 e: Security, Ne\n+0003a820: 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d xt: Platform lim\n+0003a830: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a itations, Prev:\n+0003a840: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+0003a850: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n+0003a860: 0a31 3820 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a .18 Security.***\n+0003a870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+0003a880: 3a0a 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 :..* Authenticat\n+0003a890: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n+0003a8a0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e ation:: Users an\n+0003a8b0: 6420 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c d access control\n+0003a8c0: 0a2a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c .* Using digital\n+0003a8d0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 signatures:: \n+0003a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 Booting di\n+0003a8f0: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 gitally signed c\n+0003a900: 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 ode.* UEFI secur\n+0003a910: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a e boot and shim:\n+0003a920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Booting\n+0003a930: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n+0003a940: 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 d PE files.* Sec\n+0003a950: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+0003a960: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 d Targeting:: \n+0003a970: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Embedded informa\n+0003a980: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 tion for generat\n+0003a990: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 ion number based\n+0003a9a0: 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 revocation.* Me\n+0003a9b0: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 asured Boot:: \n 0003a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003a9d0: 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f Measuring boo\n-0003a9e0: 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c t components.* L\n-0003a9f0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ockdown:: \n+0003a9d0: 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 Measuring boot \n+0003a9e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 components.* Loc\n+0003a9f0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 kdown:: \n 0003aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003aa10: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 Lockdown when \n-0003aa20: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booting on a sec\n-0003aa30: 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure setup....Fil\n-0003aa40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003aa50: 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: Authenticat\n-0003aa60: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n-0003aa70: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 ation, Next: Us\n-0003aa80: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital 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3120 4175 7468 656e ity..18.1 Authen\n+0003aab0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n+0003aac0: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 horisation in GR\n+0003aad0: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 0003aae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003aaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003ab00: 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 ==..By default, \n-0003ab10: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n-0003ab20: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 interface is acc\n-0003ab30: 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e essible to anyon\n-0003ab40: 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 e with.physical \n-0003ab50: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f access to the co\n-0003ab60: 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 nsole: anyone ca\n-0003ab70: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 n select and edi\n-0003ab80: 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 t any menu.entry\n-0003ab90: 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e , and anyone can\n-0003aba0: 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 get direct acce\n-0003abb0: 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 ss to a GRUB she\n-0003abc0: 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a ll prompt. For.\n-0003abd0: 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 most systems, th\n-0003abe0: 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 is is reasonable\n-0003abf0: 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 since anyone wi\n-0003ac00: 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 th direct physic\n-0003ac10: 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 al.access has a \n-0003ac20: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 variety of other\n-0003ac30: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 ways to gain fu\n-0003ac40: 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 ll access, and r\n-0003ac50: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 equiring.authent\n-0003ac60: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 ication at the b\n-0003ac70: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c oot loader level\n-0003ac80: 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 would only serv\n-0003ac90: 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 e to make it.dif\n-0003aca0: 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ficult to recove\n-0003acb0: 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 r broken systems\n-0003acc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 ... 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The \n-0003ad70: 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 'password' (*not\n-0003ad80: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e e password::) an\n-0003ad90: 6420 2770 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 d 'password_pbkd\n-0003ada0: 6632 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 f2' (*note.passw\n-0003adb0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f ord_pbkdf2::) co\n-0003adc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 mmands can be us\n-0003add0: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 ed to define use\n-0003ade0: 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 rs, each of whic\n-0003adf0: 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 h.has an associa\n-0003ae00: 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2027 ted password. '\n-0003ae10: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 7365 7473 2074 password' sets t\n-0003ae20: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 he password in p\n-0003ae30: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 lain text,.requi\n-0003ae40: 7269 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 ring 'grub.cfg' \n-0003ae50: 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 2770 to be secure; 'p\n-0003ae60: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 assword_pbkdf2' \n-0003ae70: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 sets the passwor\n-0003ae80: 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 d.hashed using t\n-0003ae90: 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 he Password-Base\n-0003aea0: 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e d Key Derivation\n-0003aeb0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 Function (RFC 2\n-0003aec0: 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 898),.requiring \n-0003aed0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2027 6772 7562 the use of 'grub\n-0003aee0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-0003aef0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e ' (*note Invokin\n-0003af00: 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g.grub-mkpasswd-\n-0003af10: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e pbkdf2::) to gen\n-0003af20: 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 erate password h\n-0003af30: 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 ashes... In or\n-0003af40: 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 der to enable au\n-0003af50: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 thentication sup\n-0003af60: 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 2773 7570 6572 port, the 'super\n-0003af70: 7573 6572 7327 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 users'.environme\n-0003af80: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 nt variable must\n-0003af90: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 be set to a lis\n-0003afa0: 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 t of usernames, \n-0003afb0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 separated by.any\n-0003afc0: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d of spaces, comm\n-0003afd0: 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 as, semicolons, \n-0003afe0: 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 pipes, or ampers\n-0003aff0: 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 ands. Superuser\n-0003b000: 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 s are.permitted \n-0003b010: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n-0003b020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 command line, ed\n-0003b030: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c it menu entries,\n-0003b040: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 and execute.any\n-0003b050: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 menu entry. If\n-0003b060: 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 6973 'superusers' is\n-0003b070: 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f set, then use o\n-0003b080: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 f the command li\n-0003b090: 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f ne.and editing o\n-0003b0a0: 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 f menu entries a\n-0003b0b0: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 re automatically\n-0003b0c0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 restricted to s\n-0003b0d0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 uperusers..Setti\n-0003b0e0: 6e67 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 ng 'superusers' \n-0003b0f0: 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 to empty string \n-0003b100: 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 effectively disa\n-0003b110: 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 bles both access\n-0003b120: 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 to.CLI and edit\n-0003b130: 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ing of menu entr\n-0003b140: 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 ies. Note: The \n-0003b150: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003b160: 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 able needs.to be\n-0003b170: 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 exported to als\n-0003b180: 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 o affect the sec\n-0003b190: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 tion defined by \n-0003b1a0: 7468 6520 2773 7562 6d65 6e75 270a 636f the 'submenu'.co\n-0003b1b0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 mmand (*note sub\n-0003b1c0: 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 menu::)... Oth\n-0003b1d0: 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 er users may be \n-0003b1e0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 allowed to execu\n-0003b1f0: 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 te specific menu\n-0003b200: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 entries by givi\n-0003b210: 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 ng.a list of use\n-0003b220: 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 rnames (as above\n-0003b230: 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 272d 2d75 ) using the '--u\n-0003b240: 7365 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 sers' option to \n-0003b250: 7468 650a 276d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2720 the.'menuentry' \n-0003b260: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d command (*note m\n-0003b270: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 enuentry::). If\n-0003b280: 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 the '--unrestri\n-0003b290: 6374 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 cted' option.is \n-0003b2a0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 used for a menu \n-0003b2b0: 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 entry, then that\n-0003b2c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 entry is unrest\n-0003b2d0: 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ricted. If the.\n-0003b2e0: 272d 2d75 7365 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e '--users' option\n-0003b2f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 is not used for\n-0003b300: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 a menu entry, t\n-0003b310: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 hen that only su\n-0003b320: 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c perusers.are abl\n-0003b330: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 e to use it... \n-0003b340: 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f Putting this to\n-0003b350: 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 gether, a typica\n-0003b360: 6c20 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2066 7261 l 'grub.cfg' fra\n-0003b370: 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b gment might look\n-0003b380: 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like.this:.. \n-0003b390: 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 set superusers\n-0003b3a0: 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 =\"root\". pas\n-0003b3b0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f sword_pbkdf2 roo\n-0003b3c0: 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 t grub.pbkdf2.sh\n-0003b3d0: 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f a512.10000.biglo\n-0003b3e0: 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 ngstring. pa\n-0003b3f0: 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 ssword user1 ins\n-0003b400: 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 ecure.. menu\n-0003b410: 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 entry \"May be ru\n-0003b420: 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d n by any user\" -\n-0003b430: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a -unrestricted {.\n-0003b440: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n-0003b450: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n-0003b460: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 ux /vmlinuz. \n-0003b470: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-0003b480: 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f ry \"Superusers o\n-0003b490: 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 nly\" --users \"\" \n-0003b4a0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n-0003b4b0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c =(hd0,1). .l\n-0003b4c0: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 inux /vmlinuz si\n-0003b4d0: 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ngle. }.. \n-0003b4e0: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 menuentry \"May\n-0003b4f0: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 be run by user1\n-0003b500: 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 or a superuser\"\n-0003b510: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b --users user1 {\n-0003b520: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n-0003b530: 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 (hd0,2). .ch\n-0003b540: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n-0003b550: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2767 7275 }.. The 'gru\n-0003b560: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7072 6f67 b-mkconfig' prog\n-0003b570: 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 ram does not yet\n-0003b580: 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 have built-in s\n-0003b590: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 upport for.gener\n-0003b5a0: 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ating configurat\n-0003b5b0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 ion files with a\n-0003b5c0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 uthentication. \n-0003b5d0: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 272f 6574 You can use.'/et\n-0003b5e0: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n-0003b5f0: 6f6d 2720 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c om' to add simpl\n-0003b600: 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 e superuser auth\n-0003b610: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 entication, by.a\n-0003b620: 6464 696e 6720 2773 6574 2073 7570 6572 dding 'set super\n-0003b630: 7573 6572 733d 2720 616e 6420 2770 6173 users=' and 'pas\n-0003b640: 7377 6f72 6427 206f 7220 2770 6173 7377 sword' or 'passw\n-0003b650: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 636f 6d6d ord_pbkdf2' comm\n-0003b660: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ands.....File: g\n-0003b670: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003b680: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-0003b690: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ignatures, Next\n-0003b6a0: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n-0003b6b0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 ot and shim, Pr\n-0003b6c0: 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ev: Authenticati\n-0003b6d0: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and authorisa\n-0003b6e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 tion, Up: Secur\n-0003b6f0: 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3220 5573 696e 6720 ity..18.2 Using \n-0003b700: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-0003b710: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d es in GRUB.=====\n+0003ab00: 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 ..By default, th\n+0003ab10: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e e boot loader in\n+0003ab20: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 terface is acces\n+0003ab30: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 sible to anyone \n+0003ab40: 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 with.physical ac\n+0003ab50: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 cess to the cons\n+0003ab60: 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 ole: anyone can \n+0003ab70: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 select and edit \n+0003ab80: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 any menu.entry, \n+0003ab90: 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 and anyone can g\n+0003aba0: 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 et direct access\n+0003abb0: 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c to a GRUB shell\n+0003abc0: 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f prompt. For.mo\n+0003abd0: 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 st systems, this\n+0003abe0: 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 is reasonable s\n+0003abf0: 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ince anyone with\n+0003ac00: 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c direct physical\n+0003ac10: 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 .access has a va\n+0003ac20: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 riety of other w\n+0003ac30: 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c ays to gain full\n+0003ac40: 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 access, and req\n+0003ac50: 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 uiring.authentic\n+0003ac60: 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ation at the boo\n+0003ac70: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 t loader level w\n+0003ac80: 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 ould only serve \n+0003ac90: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 to make it.diffi\n+0003aca0: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 cult to recover \n+0003acb0: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a broken systems..\n+0003acc0: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 . However, in \n+0003acd0: 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 some environment\n+0003ace0: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b s, such as kiosk\n+0003acf0: 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 s, it may be app\n+0003ad00: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b ropriate.to lock\n+0003ad10: 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c down the boot l\n+0003ad20: 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 oader to require\n+0003ad30: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n+0003ad40: 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e before performin\n+0003ad50: 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 g.certain operat\n+0003ad60: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2770 ions... The 'p\n+0003ad70: 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 assword' (*note \n+0003ad80: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 password::) and \n+0003ad90: 2770 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 'password_pbkdf2\n+0003ada0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 ' (*note.passwor\n+0003adb0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d d_pbkdf2::) comm\n+0003adc0: 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ands can be used\n+0003add0: 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 to define users\n+0003ade0: 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a , each of which.\n+0003adf0: 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 has an associate\n+0003ae00: 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2027 7061 d password. 'pa\n+0003ae10: 7373 776f 7264 2720 7365 7473 2074 6865 ssword' sets the\n+0003ae20: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 password in pla\n+0003ae30: 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 in text,.requiri\n+0003ae40: 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 746f ng 'grub.cfg' to\n+0003ae50: 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 2770 6173 be secure; 'pas\n+0003ae60: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 7365 sword_pbkdf2' se\n+0003ae70: 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a ts the password.\n+0003ae80: 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 hashed using the\n+0003ae90: 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 Password-Based \n+0003aea0: 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 Key Derivation F\n+0003aeb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 unction (RFC 289\n+0003aec0: 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 8),.requiring th\n+0003aed0: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d e use of 'grub-m\n+0003aee0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 kpasswd-pbkdf2' \n+0003aef0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n+0003af00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+0003af10: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 kdf2::) to gener\n+0003af20: 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ate password has\n+0003af30: 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 hes... In orde\n+0003af40: 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 r to enable auth\n+0003af50: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f entication suppo\n+0003af60: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 2773 7570 6572 7573 rt, the 'superus\n+0003af70: 6572 7327 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ers'.environment\n+0003af80: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 variable must b\n+0003af90: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n+0003afa0: 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 of usernames, se\n+0003afb0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f parated by.any o\n+0003afc0: 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 f spaces, commas\n+0003afd0: 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 , semicolons, pi\n+0003afe0: 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e pes, or ampersan\n+0003aff0: 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 ds. Superusers \n+0003b000: 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f are.permitted to\n+0003b010: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f use the GRUB co\n+0003b020: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 mmand line, edit\n+0003b030: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 menu entries, a\n+0003b040: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d nd execute.any m\n+0003b050: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 2027 enu entry. If '\n+0003b060: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 6973 2073 superusers' is s\n+0003b070: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 et, then use of \n+0003b080: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 the command line\n+0003b090: 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 .and editing of \n+0003b0a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 menu entries are\n+0003b0b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n+0003b0c0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 estricted to sup\n+0003b0d0: 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 erusers..Setting\n+0003b0e0: 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 746f 'superusers' to\n+0003b0f0: 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 empty string ef\n+0003b100: 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c fectively disabl\n+0003b110: 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 es both access t\n+0003b120: 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e o.CLI and editin\n+0003b130: 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 g of menu entrie\n+0003b140: 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e s. Note: The en\n+0003b150: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003b160: 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 le needs.to be e\n+0003b170: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 xported to also \n+0003b180: 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 affect the secti\n+0003b190: 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 on defined by th\n+0003b1a0: 6520 2773 7562 6d65 6e75 270a 636f 6d6d e 'submenu'.comm\n+0003b1b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 and (*note subme\n+0003b1c0: 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nu::)... Other\n+0003b1d0: 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c users may be al\n+0003b1e0: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 lowed to execute\n+0003b1f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 specific menu e\n+0003b200: 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 ntries by giving\n+0003b210: 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e .a list of usern\n+0003b220: 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 ames (as above) \n+0003b230: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 272d 2d75 7365 using the '--use\n+0003b240: 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 rs' option to th\n+0003b250: 650a 276d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2720 636f e.'menuentry' co\n+0003b260: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e mmand (*note men\n+0003b270: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 uentry::). If t\n+0003b280: 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 he '--unrestrict\n+0003b290: 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 ed' option.is us\n+0003b2a0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e ed for a menu en\n+0003b2b0: 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 try, then that e\n+0003b2c0: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 ntry is unrestri\n+0003b2d0: 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 272d cted. If the.'-\n+0003b2e0: 2d75 7365 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 -users' option i\n+0003b2f0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 s not used for a\n+0003b300: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 menu entry, the\n+0003b310: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 n that only supe\n+0003b320: 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 rusers.are able \n+0003b330: 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 to use it... P\n+0003b340: 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 utting this toge\n+0003b350: 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ther, a typical \n+0003b360: 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2066 7261 676d 'grub.cfg' fragm\n+0003b370: 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c ent might look l\n+0003b380: 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike.this:.. \n+0003b390: 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 set superusers=\"\n+0003b3a0: 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 root\". passw\n+0003b3b0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 ord_pbkdf2 root \n+0003b3c0: 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 grub.pbkdf2.sha5\n+0003b3d0: 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 12.10000.biglong\n+0003b3e0: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 string. pass\n+0003b3f0: 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 word user1 insec\n+0003b400: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ure.. menuen\n+0003b410: 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 try \"May be run \n+0003b420: 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 by any user\" --u\n+0003b430: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 nrestricted {. \n+0003b440: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n+0003b450: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n+0003b460: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d /vmlinuz. }\n+0003b470: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+0003b480: 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c \"Superusers onl\n+0003b490: 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a y\" --users \"\" {.\n+0003b4a0: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n+0003b4b0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n+0003b4c0: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 ux /vmlinuz sing\n+0003b4d0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 le. }.. \n+0003b4e0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 menuentry \"May b\n+0003b4f0: 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f e run by user1 o\n+0003b500: 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d r a superuser\" -\n+0003b510: 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 -users user1 {. \n+0003b520: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n+0003b530: 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 d0,2). .chai\n+0003b540: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n+0003b550: 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2767 7275 622d }.. The 'grub-\n+0003b560: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7072 6f67 7261 mkconfig' progra\n+0003b570: 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 m does not yet h\n+0003b580: 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 ave built-in sup\n+0003b590: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 port for.generat\n+0003b5a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n+0003b5b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 n files with aut\n+0003b5c0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f hentication. Yo\n+0003b5d0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 272f 6574 632f u can use.'/etc/\n+0003b5e0: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n+0003b5f0: 2720 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 ' to add simple \n+0003b600: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e superuser authen\n+0003b610: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 tication, by.add\n+0003b620: 696e 6720 2773 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 ing 'set superus\n+0003b630: 6572 733d 2720 616e 6420 2770 6173 7377 ers=' and 'passw\n+0003b640: 6f72 6427 206f 7220 2770 6173 7377 6f72 ord' or 'passwor\n+0003b650: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 636f 6d6d 616e d_pbkdf2' comman\n+0003b660: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n+0003b670: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n+0003b680: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+0003b690: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n+0003b6a0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+0003b6b0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 and shim, Prev\n+0003b6c0: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n+0003b6d0: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n+0003b6e0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 on, Up: Securit\n+0003b6f0: 790a 0a31 382e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 y..18.2 Using di\n+0003b700: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+0003b710: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n 0003b720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003b730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003b740: 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 2027 636f 7265 2e69 ..GRUB's 'core.i\n-0003b750: 6d67 2720 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c mg' can optional\n-0003b760: 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 ly provide enfor\n-0003b770: 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 cement that all \n-0003b780: 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 files.subsequent\n-0003b790: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 ly read from dis\n-0003b7a0: 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 k are covered by\n-0003b7b0: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c a valid digital\n-0003b7c0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 signature..This\n-0003b7d0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a document does *\n-0003b7e0: 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 not* cover how t\n-0003b7f0: 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f o ensure that yo\n-0003b800: 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 ur platform's.fi\n-0003b810: 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f rmware (e.g., Co\n-0003b820: 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 reboot) validate\n-0003b830: 7320 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a20 s 'core.img'... \n-0003b840: 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 If environment\n-0003b850: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b variable 'check\n-0003b860: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2028 2a6e _signatures' (*n\n-0003b870: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n-0003b880: 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures::).is set t\n-0003b890: 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 o 'enforce', the\n-0003b8a0: 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 n every attempt \n-0003b8b0: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 2763 6f72 by the GRUB 'cor\n-0003b8c0: 652e 696d 6727 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 e.img' to load.a\n-0003b8d0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 2766 6f6f nother file 'foo\n-0003b8e0: 2720 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 ' implicitly inv\n-0003b8f0: 6f6b 6573 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 okes 'verify_det\n-0003b900: 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 ached foo foo.si\n-0003b910: 6727 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 g'.(*note verify\n-0003b920: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 2027 _detached::). '\n-0003b930: 666f 6f2e 7369 6727 206d 7573 7420 636f foo.sig' must co\n-0003b940: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 ntain a valid di\n-0003b950: 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 gital.signature \n-0003b960: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 over the content\n-0003b970: 7320 6f66 2027 666f 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 s of 'foo', whic\n-0003b980: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 h can be verifie\n-0003b990: 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 d with a.public \n-0003b9a0: 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 key currently tr\n-0003b9b0: 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a usted by GRUB (*\n-0003b9c0: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n-0003b9d0: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 d::, *note.trust\n-0003b9e0: 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 ::, and *note di\n-0003b9f0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 strust::). If v\n-0003ba00: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c alidation fails,\n-0003ba10: 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 666f 6f27 then file 'foo'\n-0003ba20: 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 .cannot be opene\n-0003ba30: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 d. This failure\n-0003ba40: 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 may halt or oth\n-0003ba50: 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 erwise impact th\n-0003ba60: 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a e boot.process..\n-0003ba70: 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 . An initial t\n-0003ba80: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n-0003ba90: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 y can be embedde\n-0003baa0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 d within the GRU\n-0003bab0: 420a 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2075 7369 B.'core.img' usi\n-0003bac0: 6e67 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 ng the '--pubkey\n-0003bad0: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2767 7275 ' option to 'gru\n-0003bae0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2028 2a6e 6f74 b-install' (*not\n-0003baf0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d e Invoking.grub-\n-0003bb00: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n-0003bb10: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 GRUB uses GPG-st\n-0003bb20: 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 yle detached sig\n-0003bb30: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 natures (meaning\n-0003bb40: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0a27 666f that a file.'fo\n-0003bb50: 6f2e 7369 6727 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 o.sig' will be p\n-0003bb60: 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c roduced when fil\n-0003bb70: 6520 2766 6f6f 2720 6973 2073 6967 6e65 e 'foo' is signe\n-0003bb80: 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c d), and currentl\n-0003bb90: 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 y.supports the D\n-0003bba0: 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 SA and RSA signi\n-0003bbb0: 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 ng algorithms. \n-0003bbc0: 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 A signing key ca\n-0003bbd0: 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 n be.generated a\n-0003bbe0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 s follows:.. \n-0003bbf0: 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a gpg --gen-key..\n-0003bc00: 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c An individual\n-0003bc10: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 file can be sig\n-0003bc20: 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a ned as follows:.\n-0003bc30: 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 . gpg --deta\n-0003bc40: 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f ch-sign /path/to\n-0003bc50: 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 /file.. For su\n-0003bc60: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 ccessful validat\n-0003bc70: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 ion of all of GR\n-0003bc80: 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e UB's subcomponen\n-0003bc90: 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 ts and the.loade\n-0003bca0: 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 d OS kernel, the\n-0003bcb0: 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 y must all be si\n-0003bcc0: 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 gned. One way t\n-0003bcd0: 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 o accomplish thi\n-0003bce0: 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s.is the followi\n-0003bcf0: 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 ng (after having\n-0003bd00: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 already produce\n-0003bd10: 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 2767 d the desired 'g\n-0003bd20: 7275 622e 6366 6727 0a66 696c 652c 2065 rub.cfg'.file, e\n-0003bd30: 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 .g., by running \n-0003bd40: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n-0003bd50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-0003bd60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n-0003bd70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f :.. # Edit /\n-0003bd80: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-0003bd90: 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 se.txt to contai\n-0003bda0: 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b n your signing k\n-0003bdb0: 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a ey's passphrase.\n-0003bdc0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 for i in `f\n-0003bdd0: 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 ind /boot -name \n-0003bde0: 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d \"*.cfg\" -or -nam\n-0003bdf0: 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a e \"*.lst\" -or \\.\n-0003be00: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e -name \"*.\n-0003be10: 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 mod\" -or -name \"\n-0003be20: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e vmlinuz*\" -or -n\n-0003be30: 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f ame \"initrd*\" -o\n-0003be40: 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 r \\. -name\n-0003be50: 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 \"grubenv\"`;. \n-0003be60: 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 do. gpg \n-0003be70: 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 --batch --detach\n-0003be80: 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 -sign --passphra\n-0003be90: 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 se-fd 0 $i < \\. \n-0003bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d /dev/shm\n-0003beb0: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a /passphrase.txt.\n-0003bec0: 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 done. s\n-0003bed0: 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 hred /dev/shm/pa\n-0003bee0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 ssphrase.txt.. \n-0003bef0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 See also: *note\n-0003bf00: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-0003bf10: 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 s::, *note verif\n-0003bf20: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e y_detached::, *n\n-0003bf30: 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f ote.trust::, *no\n-0003bf40: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-0003bf50: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 :, *note distrus\n-0003bf60: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f t::, *note load_\n-0003bf70: 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 env::, *note.sav\n-0003bf80: 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 e_env::... Not\n-0003bf90: 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c e that internall\n-0003bfa0: 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f y signature enfo\n-0003bfb0: 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 rcement is contr\n-0003bfc0: 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 olled by setting\n-0003bfd0: 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 .the environment\n-0003bfe0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b variable 'check\n-0003bff0: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 7175 _signatures' equ\n-0003c000: 616c 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272e al to 'enforce'.\n-0003c010: 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 Passing.one or\n-0003c020: 206d 6f72 6520 272d 2d70 7562 6b65 7927 more '--pubkey'\n-0003c030: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 2767 7275 options to 'gru\n-0003c040: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 2069 6d70 6c69 b-mkimage' impli\n-0003c050: 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a 2763 citly defines.'c\n-0003c060: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 heck_signatures'\n-0003c070: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 equal to 'enfor\n-0003c080: 6365 2720 696e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ce' in 'core.img\n-0003c090: 2720 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 ' prior to proce\n-0003c0a0: 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 ssing.any config\n-0003c0b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a uration files...\n-0003c0c0: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 Note that sig\n-0003c0d0: 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature checking \n-0003c0e0: 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 does *not* preve\n-0003c0f0: 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 nt an attacker w\n-0003c100: 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 ith.(serial, phy\n-0003c110: 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e sical, ...) con\n-0003c120: 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d sole access from\n-0003c130: 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c dropping manual\n-0003c140: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 ly to the.GRUB c\n-0003c150: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 onsole and execu\n-0003c160: 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ting:.. set \n-0003c170: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c180: 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 =no.. To preve\n-0003c190: 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nt this, passwor\n-0003c1a0: 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e d-protection (*n\n-0003c1b0: 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ote Authenticati\n-0003c1c0: 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and.authorisa\n-0003c1d0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e tion::) is essen\n-0003c1e0: 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 tial. Note that\n-0003c1f0: 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 even with GRUB \n-0003c200: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 password.protect\n-0003c210: 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 ion, GRUB itself\n-0003c220: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 cannot prevent \n-0003c230: 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 someone with phy\n-0003c240: 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a sical access to.\n-0003c250: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d the machine from\n-0003c260: 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d altering that m\n-0003c270: 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 achine's firmwar\n-0003c280: 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f e (e.g., Coreboo\n-0003c290: 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 t or.BIOS) confi\n-0003c2a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 guration to caus\n-0003c2b0: 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f e the machine to\n-0003c2c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 boot from a dif\n-0003c2d0: 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 ferent.(attacker\n-0003c2e0: 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 -controlled) dev\n-0003c2f0: 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 ice. GRUB is at\n-0003c300: 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c best only one l\n-0003c310: 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a ink in a secure.\n-0003c320: 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 boot chain.....F\n-0003c330: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003c340: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Node: UEFI secu\n-0003c350: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n-0003c360: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 , Next: Secure \n-0003c370: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n-0003c380: 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rgeting, Prev: \n-0003c390: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-0003c3a0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 gnatures, Up: S\n-0003c3b0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3320 5545 ecurity..18.3 UE\n-0003c3c0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-0003c3d0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a nd shim support.\n+0003b730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0003b740: 4752 5542 2773 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB's 'core.img\n+0003b750: 2720 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 ' can optionally\n+0003b760: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 provide enforce\n+0003b770: 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 ment that all fi\n+0003b780: 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 les.subsequently\n+0003b790: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 read from disk \n+0003b7a0: 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 are covered by a\n+0003b7b0: 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 valid digital s\n+0003b7c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 ignature..This d\n+0003b7d0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f ocument does *no\n+0003b7e0: 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 t* cover how to \n+0003b7f0: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 ensure that your\n+0003b800: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d platform's.firm\n+0003b810: 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 ware (e.g., Core\n+0003b820: 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 boot) validates \n+0003b830: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a20 2020 'core.img'... \n+0003b840: 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 If environment v\n+0003b850: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 ariable 'check_s\n+0003b860: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 ignatures' (*not\n+0003b870: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n+0003b880: 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es::).is set to \n+0003b890: 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 'enforce', then \n+0003b8a0: 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 every attempt by\n+0003b8b0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 2763 6f72 652e the GRUB 'core.\n+0003b8c0: 696d 6727 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f img' to load.ano\n+0003b8d0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 2766 6f6f 2720 ther file 'foo' \n+0003b8e0: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b implicitly invok\n+0003b8f0: 6573 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 es 'verify_detac\n+0003b900: 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 6727 hed foo foo.sig'\n+0003b910: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 .(*note verify_d\n+0003b920: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 2027 666f etached::). 'fo\n+0003b930: 6f2e 7369 6727 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 o.sig' must cont\n+0003b940: 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 ain a valid digi\n+0003b950: 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 tal.signature ov\n+0003b960: 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 er the contents \n+0003b970: 6f66 2027 666f 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 of 'foo', which \n+0003b980: 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 can be verified \n+0003b990: 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 with a.public ke\n+0003b9a0: 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 y currently trus\n+0003b9b0: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f ted by GRUB (*no\n+0003b9c0: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n+0003b9d0: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note.trust::\n+0003b9e0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 , and *note dist\n+0003b9f0: 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c rust::). If val\n+0003ba00: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 idation fails, t\n+0003ba10: 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 666f 6f27 0a63 hen file 'foo'.c\n+0003ba20: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e annot be opened.\n+0003ba30: 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d This failure m\n+0003ba40: 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 ay halt or other\n+0003ba50: 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 wise impact the \n+0003ba60: 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 boot.process... \n+0003ba70: 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 An initial tru\n+0003ba80: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 sted public key \n+0003ba90: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 can be embedded \n+0003baa0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a within the GRUB.\n+0003bab0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2075 7369 6e67 'core.img' using\n+0003bac0: 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 2720 the '--pubkey' \n+0003bad0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d option to 'grub-\n+0003bae0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 install' (*note \n+0003baf0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e Invoking.grub-in\n+0003bb00: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 stall::)... GR\n+0003bb10: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c UB uses GPG-styl\n+0003bb20: 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 e detached signa\n+0003bb30: 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 tures (meaning t\n+0003bb40: 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0a27 666f 6f2e hat a file.'foo.\n+0003bb50: 7369 6727 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f sig' will be pro\n+0003bb60: 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 duced when file \n+0003bb70: 2766 6f6f 2720 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 'foo' is signed)\n+0003bb80: 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a , and currently.\n+0003bb90: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 supports the DSA\n+0003bba0: 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 and RSA signing\n+0003bbb0: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 algorithms. A \n+0003bbc0: 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 signing key can \n+0003bbd0: 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 be.generated as \n+0003bbe0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 follows:.. g\n+0003bbf0: 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 pg --gen-key.. \n+0003bc00: 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 An individual f\n+0003bc10: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 ile can be signe\n+0003bc20: 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 d as follows:.. \n+0003bc30: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 gpg --detach\n+0003bc40: 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 -sign /path/to/f\n+0003bc50: 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 ile.. For succ\n+0003bc60: 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f essful validatio\n+0003bc70: 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 n of all of GRUB\n+0003bc80: 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 's subcomponents\n+0003bc90: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 and the.loaded \n+0003bca0: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 OS kernel, they \n+0003bcb0: 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e must all be sign\n+0003bcc0: 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 ed. One way to \n+0003bcd0: 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a accomplish this.\n+0003bce0: 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 is the following\n+0003bcf0: 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 (after having a\n+0003bd00: 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 lready produced \n+0003bd10: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 2767 7275 the desired 'gru\n+0003bd20: 622e 6366 6727 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 b.cfg'.file, e.g\n+0003bd30: 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 2767 ., by running 'g\n+0003bd40: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 282a rub-mkconfig' (*\n+0003bd50: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n+0003bd60: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkconfig::):.\n+0003bd70: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 . # Edit /de\n+0003bd80: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n+0003bd90: 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 .txt to contain \n+0003bda0: 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 your signing key\n+0003bdb0: 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 's passphrase. \n+0003bdc0: 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e for i in `fin\n+0003bdd0: 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a d /boot -name \"*\n+0003bde0: 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 .cfg\" -or -name \n+0003bdf0: 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 \"*.lst\" -or \\. \n+0003be00: 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f -name \"*.mo\n+0003be10: 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d d\" -or -name \"vm\n+0003be20: 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d linuz*\" -or -nam\n+0003be30: 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 e \"initrd*\" -or \n+0003be40: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 \\. -name \"\n+0003be50: 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 grubenv\"`;. \n+0003be60: 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d do. gpg --\n+0003be70: 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 batch --detach-s\n+0003be80: 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ign --passphrase\n+0003be90: 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 -fd 0 $i < \\. \n+0003bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 /dev/shm/p\n+0003beb0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 assphrase.txt. \n+0003bec0: 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 done. shr\n+0003bed0: 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 ed /dev/shm/pass\n+0003bee0: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 phrase.txt.. S\n+0003bef0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 ee also: *note c\n+0003bf00: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+0003bf10: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f :, *note verify_\n+0003bf20: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 detached::, *not\n+0003bf30: 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 e.trust::, *note\n+0003bf40: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n+0003bf50: 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a *note distrust:\n+0003bf60: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e :, *note load_en\n+0003bf70: 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f v::, *note.save_\n+0003bf80: 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 env::... Note \n+0003bf90: 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 that internally \n+0003bfa0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 signature enforc\n+0003bfb0: 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c ement is control\n+0003bfc0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n+0003bfd0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n+0003bfe0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 ariable 'check_s\n+0003bff0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 7175 616c ignatures' equal\n+0003c000: 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272e 2020 to 'enforce'. \n+0003c010: 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d Passing.one or m\n+0003c020: 6f72 6520 272d 2d70 7562 6b65 7927 206f ore '--pubkey' o\n+0003c030: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d ptions to 'grub-\n+0003c040: 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 mkimage' implici\n+0003c050: 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a 2763 6865 tly defines.'che\n+0003c060: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 ck_signatures' e\n+0003c070: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 qual to 'enforce\n+0003c080: 2720 696e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 ' in 'core.img' \n+0003c090: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 prior to process\n+0003c0a0: 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing.any configur\n+0003c0b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 ation files... \n+0003c0c0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 Note that signa\n+0003c0d0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f ture checking do\n+0003c0e0: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 es *not* prevent\n+0003c0f0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 an attacker wit\n+0003c100: 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 h.(serial, physi\n+0003c110: 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f cal, ...) conso\n+0003c120: 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 le access from d\n+0003c130: 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ropping manually\n+0003c140: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e to the.GRUB con\n+0003c150: 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 sole and executi\n+0003c160: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 ng:.. set ch\n+0003c170: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n+0003c180: 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 o.. To prevent\n+0003c190: 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d this, password-\n+0003c1a0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 protection (*not\n+0003c1b0: 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e Authentication\n+0003c1c0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and.authorisati\n+0003c1d0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 on::) is essenti\n+0003c1e0: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 al. Note that e\n+0003c1f0: 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 ven with GRUB pa\n+0003c200: 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword.protectio\n+0003c210: 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 n, GRUB itself c\n+0003c220: 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f annot prevent so\n+0003c230: 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 meone with physi\n+0003c240: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 cal access to.th\n+0003c250: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 e machine from a\n+0003c260: 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 ltering that mac\n+0003c270: 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 hine's firmware \n+0003c280: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 (e.g., Coreboot \n+0003c290: 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 or.BIOS) configu\n+0003c2a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 ration to cause \n+0003c2b0: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 the machine to b\n+0003c2c0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 oot from a diffe\n+0003c2d0: 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 rent.(attacker-c\n+0003c2e0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 ontrolled) devic\n+0003c2f0: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 e. GRUB is at b\n+0003c300: 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e est only one lin\n+0003c310: 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f k in a secure.bo\n+0003c320: 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot chain.....Fil\n+0003c330: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003c340: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+0003c350: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n+0003c360: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Next: Secure Bo\n+0003c370: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+0003c380: 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 eting, Prev: Us\n+0003c390: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+0003c3a0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 atures, Up: Sec\n+0003c3b0: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3320 5545 4649 urity..18.3 UEFI\n+0003c3c0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+0003c3d0: 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d shim support.==\n 0003c3e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003c400: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n-0003c410: 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 2027 6368 , except the 'ch\n-0003c420: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7227 2063 6f6d 6d61 ainloader' comma\n-0003c430: 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 nd, works with t\n-0003c440: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 he UEFI secure.b\n-0003c450: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d oot and the shim\n-0003c460: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e . This function\n-0003c470: 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 ality is provide\n-0003c480: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f d by the shim_lo\n-0003c490: 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 ck.verifier. It\n-0003c4a0: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 is built into t\n-0003c4b0: 6865 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 616e he 'core.img' an\n-0003c4c0: 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 d is registered \n-0003c4d0: 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 if the UEFI.secu\n-0003c4e0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n-0003c4f0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2027 7368 696d 5f6c ed. The 'shim_l\n-0003c500: 6f63 6b27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 ock' variable is\n-0003c510: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e set to 'y' when\n-0003c520: 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 .shim_lock verif\n-0003c530: 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 ier is registere\n-0003c540: 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 d. If it is des\n-0003c550: 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 ired to use UEFI\n-0003c560: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 secure.boot wit\n-0003c570: 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 hout shim, one c\n-0003c580: 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f an disable shim_\n-0003c590: 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e lock by disablin\n-0003c5a0: 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 g shim.verificat\n-0003c5b0: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 ion with MokSbSt\n-0003c5c0: 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c ate UEFI variabl\n-0003c5d0: 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 e or by building\n-0003c5e0: 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 grub image.with\n-0003c5f0: 2027 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d '--disable-shim\n-0003c600: 2d6c 6f63 6b27 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a -lock' option...\n-0003c610: 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 All GRUB modu\n-0003c620: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 les not stored i\n-0003c630: 6e20 7468 6520 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 n the 'core.img'\n-0003c640: 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 , OS kernels, AC\n-0003c650: 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 PI.tables, Devic\n-0003c660: 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 e Trees, etc. h\n-0003c670: 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 ave to be signed\n-0003c680: 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 , e.g, using PGP\n-0003c690: 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 ..Additionally, \n-0003c6a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 the commands tha\n-0003c6b0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f t can be used to\n-0003c6c0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 subvert the UEF\n-0003c6d0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 I secure.boot me\n-0003c6e0: 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 chanism, such as\n-0003c6f0: 2027 696f 7277 2720 616e 6420 276d 656d 'iorw' and 'mem\n-0003c700: 7277 2720 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 rw' will not be \n-0003c710: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 available when.t\n-0003c720: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI secure b\n-0003c730: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n-0003c740: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f This is done fo\n-0003c750: 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f r security reaso\n-0003c760: 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 ns and.are enfor\n-0003c770: 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ced by the GRUB \n-0003c780: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 Lockdown mechani\n-0003c790: 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f sm (*note Lockdo\n-0003c7a0: 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 wn::).....File: \n-0003c7b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003c7c0: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n-0003c7d0: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-0003c7e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Next: Measure\n-0003c7f0: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 d Boot, Prev: U\n-0003c800: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-0003c810: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 and shim, Up: S\n-0003c820: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3420 456d ecurity..18.4 Em\n-0003c830: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n-0003c840: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n-0003c850: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n-0003c860: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d evocation.======\n+0003c400: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 ====..The GRUB, \n+0003c410: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 2027 6368 6169 except the 'chai\n+0003c420: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7227 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nloader' command\n+0003c430: 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 , works with the\n+0003c440: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n+0003c450: 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 t and the shim. \n+0003c460: 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c This functional\n+0003c470: 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ity is provided \n+0003c480: 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b by the shim_lock\n+0003c490: 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 .verifier. It i\n+0003c4a0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 s built into the\n+0003c4b0: 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 'core.img' and \n+0003c4c0: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 is registered if\n+0003c4d0: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI.secure\n+0003c4e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n+0003c4f0: 2e20 2054 6865 2027 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 . The 'shim_loc\n+0003c500: 6b27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 k' variable is s\n+0003c510: 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e 0a73 et to 'y' when.s\n+0003c520: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 him_lock verifie\n+0003c530: 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e r is registered.\n+0003c540: 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 If it is desir\n+0003c550: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 ed to use UEFI s\n+0003c560: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f ecure.boot witho\n+0003c570: 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e ut shim, one can\n+0003c580: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f disable shim_lo\n+0003c590: 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 ck by disabling \n+0003c5a0: 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f shim.verificatio\n+0003c5b0: 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 n with MokSbStat\n+0003c5c0: 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e UEFI variable \n+0003c5d0: 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 or by building g\n+0003c5e0: 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 2027 rub image.with '\n+0003c5f0: 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c --disable-shim-l\n+0003c600: 6f63 6b27 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ock' option... \n+0003c610: 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 All GRUB module\n+0003c620: 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 s not stored in \n+0003c630: 7468 6520 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 the 'core.img', \n+0003c640: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 OS kernels, ACPI\n+0003c650: 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 .tables, Device \n+0003c660: 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 Trees, etc. hav\n+0003c670: 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 e to be signed, \n+0003c680: 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a e.g, using PGP..\n+0003c690: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Additionally, th\n+0003c6a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 e commands that \n+0003c6b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+0003c6c0: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 ubvert the UEFI \n+0003c6d0: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 secure.boot mech\n+0003c6e0: 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2027 anism, such as '\n+0003c6f0: 696f 7277 2720 616e 6420 276d 656d 7277 iorw' and 'memrw\n+0003c700: 2720 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ' will not be av\n+0003c710: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 ailable when.the\n+0003c720: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+0003c730: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 t is enabled. T\n+0003c740: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 his is done for \n+0003c750: 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 security reasons\n+0003c760: 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 and.are enforce\n+0003c770: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f d by the GRUB Lo\n+0003c780: 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ckdown mechanism\n+0003c790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e (*note Lockdown\n+0003c7a0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0003c7b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003c7c0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+0003c7d0: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n+0003c7e0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Next: Measured \n+0003c7f0: 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 Boot, Prev: UEF\n+0003c800: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+0003c810: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d shim, Up: Sec\n+0003c820: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3420 456d 6265 urity..18.4 Embe\n+0003c830: 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e dded information\n+0003c840: 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 for generation \n+0003c850: 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 number based rev\n+0003c860: 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ocation.========\n 0003c870: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c880: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c890: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003c8a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0003c8b0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n-0003c8c0: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 nced Targeting (\n-0003c8d0: 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 SBAT) is a mecha\n-0003c8e0: 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 nism to allow th\n-0003c8f0: 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e.revocation of \n-0003c900: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 components in th\n-0003c910: 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 e boot path by u\n-0003c920: 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 sing generation \n-0003c930: 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 numbers.embedded\n-0003c940: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 into the EFI bi\n-0003c950: 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 naries. The SBA\n-0003c960: 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f T metadata is lo\n-0003c970: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 cated in an..sba\n-0003c980: 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 t data section t\n-0003c990: 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 hat has set of U\n-0003c9a0: 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 TF-8 strings as \n-0003c9b0: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a comma-separated.\n-0003c9c0: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 values (CSV). Se\n-0003c9d0: 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 e for.more de\n-0003ca10: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 tails... To ad\n-0003ca20: 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e d a data section\n-0003ca30: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n-0003ca40: 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e SBAT information\n-0003ca50: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 into the.binary\n-0003ca60: 2c20 7468 6520 272d 2d73 6261 7427 206f , the '--sbat' o\n-0003ca70: 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d ption of 'grub-m\n-0003ca80: 6b69 6d61 6765 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 kimage' command \n-0003ca90: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a should be used..\n-0003caa0: 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 The content of a\n-0003cab0: 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 CSV file, encod\n-0003cac0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 ed with UTF-8, i\n-0003cad0: 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 s copied as is t\n-0003cae0: 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 o the..sbat data\n-0003caf0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 section into th\n-0003cb00: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 e generated EFI \n-0003cb10: 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 binary. The CSV\n-0003cb20: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f file can be.sto\n-0003cb30: 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 red anywhere on \n-0003cb40: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e the file system.\n-0003cb50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d .. grub-mkim\n-0003cb60: 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 age -O x86_64-ef\n-0003cb70: 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 i -o grubx64.efi\n-0003cb80: 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 -p '(tftp)/grub\n-0003cb90: 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 ' --sbat sbat.cs\n-0003cba0: 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f v efinet tftp...\n-0003cbb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003cbc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Node: Measure\n-0003cbd0: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c d Boot, Next: L\n-0003cbe0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n-0003cbf0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n-0003cc00: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n-0003cc10: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n-0003cc20: 382e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 8.5 Measuring bo\n-0003cc30: 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d ot components.==\n+0003c8a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 ========..The Se\n+0003c8b0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+0003c8c0: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 ed Targeting (SB\n+0003c8d0: 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 AT) is a mechani\n+0003c8e0: 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a sm to allow the.\n+0003c8f0: 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f revocation of co\n+0003c900: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mponents in the \n+0003c910: 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 boot path by usi\n+0003c920: 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 ng generation nu\n+0003c930: 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 mbers.embedded i\n+0003c940: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nto the EFI bina\n+0003c950: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 ries. The SBAT \n+0003c960: 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 metadata is loca\n+0003c970: 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 ted in an..sbat \n+0003c980: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 data section tha\n+0003c990: 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 t has set of UTF\n+0003c9a0: 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f -8 strings as co\n+0003c9b0: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 mma-separated.va\n+0003c9c0: 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 lues (CSV). See \n+0003c9d0: 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 622e for.more deta\n+0003ca10: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 ils... To add \n+0003ca20: 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 a data section c\n+0003ca30: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 ontaining the SB\n+0003ca40: 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 AT information i\n+0003ca50: 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 nto the.binary, \n+0003ca60: 7468 6520 272d 2d73 6261 7427 206f 7074 the '--sbat' opt\n+0003ca70: 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 ion of 'grub-mki\n+0003ca80: 6d61 6765 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 mage' command sh\n+0003ca90: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 ould be used..Th\n+0003caa0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 e content of a C\n+0003cab0: 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 SV file, encoded\n+0003cac0: 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 with UTF-8, is \n+0003cad0: 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 copied as is to \n+0003cae0: 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 the..sbat data s\n+0003caf0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 ection into the \n+0003cb00: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 generated EFI bi\n+0003cb10: 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 nary. The CSV f\n+0003cb20: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 ile can be.store\n+0003cb30: 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 d anywhere on th\n+0003cb40: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e file system...\n+0003cb50: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 grub-mkimag\n+0003cb60: 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 e -O x86_64-efi \n+0003cb70: 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d -o grubx64.efi -\n+0003cb80: 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 p '(tftp)/grub' \n+0003cb90: 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 --sbat sbat.csv \n+0003cba0: 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 efinet tftp....F\n+0003cbb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003cbc0: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Node: Measured \n+0003cbd0: 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 Boot, Next: Loc\n+0003cbe0: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 kdown, Prev: Se\n+0003cbf0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+0003cc00: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ed Targeting, U\n+0003cc10: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e p: Security..18.\n+0003cc20: 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 5 Measuring boot\n+0003cc30: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d components.====\n 0003cc40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003cc50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n-0003cc60: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n-0003cc70: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 is loaded and th\n-0003cc80: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 e platform has a\n-0003cc90: 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 Trusted Platfor\n-0003cca0: 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c m.Module install\n-0003ccb0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f ed, GRUB will lo\n-0003ccc0: 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 g each command e\n-0003ccd0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 xecuted and each\n-0003cce0: 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 file.loaded int\n-0003ccf0: 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 o the TPM event \n-0003cd00: 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 log and extend t\n-0003cd10: 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e he PCR values in\n-0003cd20: 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 the TPM.corresp\n-0003cd30: 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 ondingly. All e\n-0003cd40: 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f vents will be lo\n-0003cd50: 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 gged into the PC\n-0003cd60: 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f R described belo\n-0003cd70: 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 w.with a type of\n-0003cd80: 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 EV_IPL and an e\n-0003cd90: 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e vent description\n-0003cda0: 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 as described be\n-0003cdb0: 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 low...Event type\n-0003cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 PCR\n-0003cdd0: 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e Description\n-0003cde0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003cc50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n+0003cc60: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 he tpm module is\n+0003cc70: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n+0003cc80: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 platform has a T\n+0003cc90: 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a rusted Platform.\n+0003cca0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 Module installed\n+0003ccb0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 , GRUB will log \n+0003ccc0: 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 each command exe\n+0003ccd0: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 cuted and each f\n+0003cce0: 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 ile.loaded into \n+0003ccf0: 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f the TPM event lo\n+0003cd00: 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 g and extend the\n+0003cd10: 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 PCR values in t\n+0003cd20: 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e he TPM.correspon\n+0003cd30: 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 dingly. All eve\n+0003cd40: 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 nts will be logg\n+0003cd50: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 ed into the PCR \n+0003cd60: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a described below.\n+0003cd70: 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 with a type of E\n+0003cd80: 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 V_IPL and an eve\n+0003cd90: 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 nt description a\n+0003cda0: 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f s described belo\n+0003cdb0: 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 w...Event type \n+0003cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 PCR \n+0003cdd0: 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d Description.-\n+0003cde0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003cdf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003ce00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003ce10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ce20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d ------------.Com\n-0003ce30: 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mand \n-0003ce40: 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 8 All \n-0003ce50: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n-0003ce60: 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f s (including tho\n-0003ce70: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n+0003ce20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 ----------.Comma\n+0003ce30: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n+0003ce40: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 8 All ex\n+0003ce50: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ecuted commands \n+0003ce60: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 (including those\n+0003ce70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0003ce80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ce90: 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 from configura\n-0003cea0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c tion files) will\n-0003ceb0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be logged. \n+0003ce90: 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 from configurati\n+0003cea0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 on files) will b\n+0003ceb0: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e logged. \n 0003cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ced0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 and me\n-0003cee0: 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 asured as entere\n-0003cef0: 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 d with a prefix \n-0003cf00: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n+0003ced0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 6173 and meas\n+0003cee0: 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 ured as entered \n+0003cef0: 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 with a prefix of\n+0003cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0003cf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cf20: 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b \"grub_cmd: \".K\n-0003cf30: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 ernel command li\n-0003cf40: 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e ne 8 An\n-0003cf50: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 y command line p\n-0003cf60: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 assed to a kerne\n-0003cf70: 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l will. \n+0003cf20: 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 \"grub_cmd: \".Ker\n+0003cf30: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 nel command line\n+0003cf40: 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 8 Any \n+0003cf50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 command line pas\n+0003cf60: 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 sed to a kernel \n+0003cf70: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n 0003cf80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cf90: 2020 2020 2020 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 be logged \n-0003cfa0: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 and measured as \n-0003cfb0: 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 entered with a. \n+0003cf90: 2020 2020 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e be logged an\n+0003cfa0: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e d measured as en\n+0003cfb0: 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 2020 tered with a. \n 0003cfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-0003cfe0: 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f efix of \"kernel_\n-0003cff0: 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c cmdline: \".Modul\n-0003d000: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 e command line \n-0003d010: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 8 Any co\n-0003d020: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 mmand line passe\n-0003d030: 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 d to a kernel. \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6566 pref\n+0003cfe0: 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d ix of \"kernel_cm\n+0003cff0: 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 dline: \".Module \n+0003d000: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 command line \n+0003d010: 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 8 Any comm\n+0003d020: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 and line passed \n+0003d030: 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 to a kernel. \n 0003d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6f64 mod\n-0003d060: 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 ule will be logg\n-0003d070: 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 ed and measured \n-0003d080: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 as. \n+0003d050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c modul\n+0003d060: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 e will be logged\n+0003d070: 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 and measured as\n+0003d080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0003d090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d0a0: 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 entered with a\n-0003d0b0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6d6f 6475 prefix of \"modu\n-0003d0c0: 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a 2020 2020 le_cmdline:. \n+0003d0a0: 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 entered with a p\n+0003d0b0: 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6d6f 6475 6c65 refix of \"module\n+0003d0c0: 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 _cmdline:. \n 0003d0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 696c \".Fil\n-0003d0f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-0003d100: 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 9 Any \n-0003d110: 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 file read by GRU\n-0003d120: 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 B will be logged\n-0003d130: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+0003d0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 696c 6573 \".Files\n+0003d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d100: 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 6669 9 Any fi\n+0003d110: 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 le read by GRUB \n+0003d120: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 will be logged a\n+0003d130: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd. \n 0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d150: 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 6974 measured wit\n-0003d160: 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 6520 h a descriptive \n-0003d170: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text. \n+0003d150: 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 measured with \n+0003d160: 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 6520 7465 a descriptive te\n+0003d170: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xt. \n 0003d180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d190: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e correspondin\n-0003d1a0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d g to the filenam\n-0003d1b0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c e... GRUB will\n-0003d1c0: 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 not measure its\n-0003d1d0: 206f 776e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 own 'core.img' \n-0003d1e0: 2d20 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 - it is expected\n-0003d1f0: 2074 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 that.firmware w\n-0003d200: 696c 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f ill carry this o\n-0003d210: 7574 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 ut. GRUB will a\n-0003d220: 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 lso not perform \n-0003d230: 616e 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 any.measurements\n-0003d240: 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d until the tpm m\n-0003d250: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e odule is loaded.\n-0003d260: 2020 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 As such it is \n-0003d270: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 recommended.that\n-0003d280: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n-0003d290: 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 2763 be built into 'c\n-0003d2a0: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ore.img' in orde\n-0003d2b0: 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 r to avoid a.pot\n-0003d2c0: 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 ential gap in me\n-0003d2d0: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 asurement betwee\n-0003d2e0: 6e20 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2062 6569 n 'core.img' bei\n-0003d2f0: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 ng loaded and th\n-0003d300: 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 e tpm.module bei\n-0003d310: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d ng loaded... M\n-0003d320: 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 easured boot is \n-0003d330: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 currently only s\n-0003d340: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 upported on EFI \n-0003d350: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 platforms.....Fi\n-0003d360: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003d370: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Node: Lockdown, \n-0003d380: 2050 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Prev: Measured \n-0003d390: 426f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 Boot, Up: Secur\n-0003d3a0: 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f ity..18.6 Lockdo\n-0003d3b0: 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 wn when booting \n-0003d3c0: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 on a secure setu\n-0003d3d0: 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d p.==============\n+0003d190: 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 corresponding \n+0003d1a0: 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e to the filename.\n+0003d1b0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e .. GRUB will n\n+0003d1c0: 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f ot measure its o\n+0003d1d0: 776e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 2d20 wn 'core.img' - \n+0003d1e0: 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 it is expected t\n+0003d1f0: 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c hat.firmware wil\n+0003d200: 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 l carry this out\n+0003d210: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 . GRUB will als\n+0003d220: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e o not perform an\n+0003d230: 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 y.measurements u\n+0003d240: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 ntil the tpm mod\n+0003d250: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 ule is loaded. \n+0003d260: 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 As such it is re\n+0003d270: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 commended.that t\n+0003d280: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 he tpm module be\n+0003d290: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 2763 6f72 built into 'cor\n+0003d2a0: 652e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 e.img' in order \n+0003d2b0: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e to avoid a.poten\n+0003d2c0: 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 tial gap in meas\n+0003d2d0: 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 urement between \n+0003d2e0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2062 6569 6e67 'core.img' being\n+0003d2f0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n+0003d300: 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 tpm.module being\n+0003d310: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 loaded... Mea\n+0003d320: 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 sured boot is cu\n+0003d330: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 rrently only sup\n+0003d340: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c ported on EFI pl\n+0003d350: 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 atforms.....File\n+0003d360: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d370: 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 de: Lockdown, P\n+0003d380: 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f rev: Measured Bo\n+0003d390: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 ot, Up: Securit\n+0003d3a0: 790a 0a31 382e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e y..18.6 Lockdown\n+0003d3b0: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e when booting on\n+0003d3c0: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a a secure setup.\n+0003d3d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003d3e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0003d400: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 The GRUB can be \n-0003d410: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e locked down when\n-0003d420: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 booted on a sec\n-0003d430: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ure boot environ\n-0003d440: 6d65 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c ment,.for exampl\n-0003d450: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 e if the UEFI se\n-0003d460: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 cure boot is ena\n-0003d470: 626c 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b bled. On a lock\n-0003d480: 6564 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed down.configur\n-0003d490: 6174 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ation, the GRUB \n-0003d4a0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 will be restrict\n-0003d4b0: 6564 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 ed and some oper\n-0003d4c0: 6174 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ations/commands.\n-0003d4d0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 cannot be execut\n-0003d4e0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 276c 6f63 ed... The 'loc\n-0003d4f0: 6b64 6f77 6e27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 kdown' variable \n-0003d500: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 is set to 'y' wh\n-0003d510: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c en the GRUB is l\n-0003d520: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 ocked down..Othe\n-0003d530: 7277 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f rwise it does no\n-0003d540: 7420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t exit.....File:\n-0003d550: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003d560: 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 e: Platform limi\n-0003d570: 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 tations, Next: \n-0003d580: 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Platform-specifi\n-0003d590: 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 c operations, P\n-0003d5a0: 7265 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 rev: Security, \n-0003d5b0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 506c 6174 Up: Top..19 Plat\n-0003d5c0: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n-0003d5d0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0003d5e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 ********..GRUB2 \n-0003d5f0: 6973 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 is designed to b\n-0003d600: 6520 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 e portable and i\n-0003d610: 7320 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 s actually porte\n-0003d620: 6420 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 d across.platfor\n-0003d630: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b ms. We try to k\n-0003d640: 6565 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d eep all platform\n-0003d650: 7320 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 s at the level. \n-0003d660: 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 Unfortunately.s\n-0003d670: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 ome platforms ar\n-0003d680: 6520 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 e better support\n-0003d690: 6564 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 ed than others. \n-0003d6a0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 This is detaile\n-0003d6b0: 6420 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 d in.current and\n-0003d6c0: 2032 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 2 following sec\n-0003d6d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 tions... All p\n-0003d6e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e latforms have an\n-0003d6f0: 2061 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 artificially GR\n-0003d700: 5542 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 UB imposed disk \n-0003d710: 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e size restriction\n-0003d720: 0a6f 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f .of 1 EiB. In so\n-0003d730: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 me cases, larger\n-0003d740: 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 disk sizes can \n-0003d750: 6265 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 be used, but acc\n-0003d760: 6573 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 ess will.not be \n-0003d770: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 allowed beyond 1\n-0003d780: 2045 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 EiB... LUKS2 \n-0003d790: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a devices with siz\n-0003d7a0: 6520 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 e larger than 16\n-0003d7b0: 2045 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 EiB are current\n-0003d7c0: 6c79 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 ly not.supported\n-0003d7d0: 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 . They can not \n-0003d7e0: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 be created as cr\n-0003d7f0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 ypto devices by \n-0003d800: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a cryptomount, so.\n-0003d810: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 can not even be \n-0003d820: 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 partially read f\n-0003d830: 726f 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 rom. LUKS have \n-0003d840: 6e6f 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f no limitations o\n-0003d850: 7468 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 ther.than those \n-0003d860: 696d 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 imposed by the f\n-0003d870: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 ormat... ARC p\n-0003d880: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c latform is unabl\n-0003d890: 6520 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 e to change date\n-0003d8a0: 7469 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 time (firmware d\n-0003d8b0: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 oesn't seem to.p\n-0003d8c0: 726f 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f rovide a functio\n-0003d8d0: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 n for it). EMU \n-0003d8e0: 6861 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 has similar limi\n-0003d8f0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 tation... On E\n-0003d900: 4d55 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 MU platform no s\n-0003d910: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 erial port is av\n-0003d920: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e ailable... Con\n-0003d930: 736f 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 sole charset ref\n-0003d940: 6572 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d ers only to firm\n-0003d950: 7761 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f ware-assisted co\n-0003d960: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 nsole. gfxterm \n-0003d970: 6973 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 is.always Unicod\n-0003d980: 6520 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 e (see Internati\n-0003d990: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 onalisation sect\n-0003d9a0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 ion for its limi\n-0003d9b0: 7461 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c tations)..Serial\n-0003d9c0: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 is configurable\n-0003d9d0: 2074 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 to UTF-8 or ASC\n-0003d9e0: 4949 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 II (see Internat\n-0003d9f0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 ionalisation). \n-0003da00: 496e 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 In.case of qemu \n-0003da10: 616e 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 and coreboot por\n-0003da20: 7473 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 ts the refered c\n-0003da30: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 onsole is vga_te\n-0003da40: 7874 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 xt..Loongson alw\n-0003da50: 6179 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d ays uses gfxterm\n-0003da60: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 ... Most limit\n-0003da70: 6564 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e ed one is ASCII.\n-0003da80: 2043 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 CP437 provides \n-0003da90: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 additionally.pse\n-0003daa0: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 udographics. GR\n-0003dab0: 5542 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 UB2 doesn't use \n-0003dac0: 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 any language cha\n-0003dad0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 racters from CP4\n-0003dae0: 3337 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 37 as.often CP43\n-0003daf0: 3720 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 7 is replaced by\n-0003db00: 206e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 national encodi\n-0003db10: 6e67 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e ng compatible on\n-0003db20: 6c79 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 ly in.pseudograp\n-0003db30: 6869 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 hics. Unicode i\n-0003db40: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 s the most versa\n-0003db50: 7469 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 tile charset whi\n-0003db60: 6368 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 ch supports.many\n-0003db70: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 languages. How\n-0003db80: 6576 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 ever the actual \n-0003db90: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d console may be m\n-0003dba0: 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 uch more limited\n-0003dbb0: 0a64 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 .depending on fi\n-0003dbc0: 726d 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 rmware.. On BI\n-0003dbd0: 4f53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 OS, network is s\n-0003dbe0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 upported only if\n-0003dbf0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f the image is lo\n-0003dc00: 6164 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 aded through.net\n-0003dc10: 776f 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 work. On sparc6\n-0003dc20: 342c 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 4, GRUB is unabl\n-0003dc30: 6520 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 e to determine w\n-0003dc40: 6869 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 hich server it w\n-0003dc50: 6173 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a as.booted from..\n-0003dc60: 0a20 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 . Direct ATA/A\n-0003dc70: 4843 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f HCI support allo\n-0003dc80: 7773 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 ws to circumvent\n-0003dc90: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 various firmwar\n-0003dca0: 650a 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 e.limitations bu\n-0003dcb0: 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 t isn't needed f\n-0003dcc0: 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 or normal operat\n-0003dcd0: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 ion except on ba\n-0003dce0: 7265 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a remetal.ports...\n-0003dcf0: 2020 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 AT keyboard s\n-0003dd00: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 upport allows ke\n-0003dd10: 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 yboard layout re\n-0003dd20: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 mapping and supp\n-0003dd30: 6f72 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 ort for.keys not\n-0003dd40: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 available throu\n-0003dd50: 6768 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 gh firmware. It\n-0003dd60: 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f isn't needed fo\n-0003dd70: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 r normal.operati\n-0003dd80: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 on except bareme\n-0003dd90: 7461 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 tal ports... S\n-0003dda0: 7065 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f peaker allows mo\n-0003ddb0: 7273 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d rse and spkmodem\n-0003ddc0: 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a communication..\n-0003ddd0: 0a20 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 . USB support \n-0003dde0: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 provides benefit\n-0003ddf0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 s similar to ATA\n-0003de00: 2028 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 (for USB disks)\n-0003de10: 206f 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 or AT.(for USB \n-0003de20: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 keyboards). In \n-0003de30: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f addition it allo\n-0003de40: 7773 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 ws USBserial... \n-0003de50: 2020 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 Chainloading r\n-0003de60: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 efers to the abi\n-0003de70: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f lity to load ano\n-0003de80: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 ther bootloader \n-0003de90: 7468 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 through.the same\n-0003dea0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 protocol.. Hi\n-0003deb0: 6e74 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 nts allow faster\n-0003dec0: 2064 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 disk discovery \n-0003ded0: 6279 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 by already knowi\n-0003dee0: 6e67 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 ng in advance wh\n-0003def0: 6963 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 ich.is the disk \n-0003df00: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e in question. On\n-0003df10: 2073 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 some platforms \n-0003df20: 6869 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 hints are correc\n-0003df30: 7420 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 t unless you.mov\n-0003df40: 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 e the disk betwe\n-0003df50: 656e 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 en boots. On ot\n-0003df60: 6865 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 her platforms it\n-0003df70: 2773 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 's just an educa\n-0003df80: 7465 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 ted.guess. Note\n-0003df90: 2074 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 that hint failu\n-0003dfa0: 7265 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 re results in ju\n-0003dfb0: 7374 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f st reduced perfo\n-0003dfc0: 726d 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 rmance, not.a fa\n-0003dfd0: 696c 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d ilure.. BadRAM\n-0003dfe0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 is the ability \n-0003dff0: 746f 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 to mark some of \n-0003e000: 7468 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 the RAM as \"bad\"\n-0003e010: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a . Note: due to.\n-0003e020: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 protocol limitat\n-0003e030: 696f 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ions mips-loongs\n-0003e040: 6f6e 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 on (with Linux p\n-0003e050: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 rotocol) and.mip\n-0003e060: 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 s-qemu_mips can \n-0003e070: 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 use only memory \n-0003e080: 7570 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 up to first hole\n-0003e090: 2e0a 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 ... Bootlocati\n-0003e0a0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 on is ability of\n-0003e0b0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB to automat\n-0003e0c0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 ically detect wh\n-0003e0d0: 6572 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f ere it.boots fro\n-0003e0e0: 6d2e 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 m. \"disk\" means\n-0003e0f0: 2074 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 the detection i\n-0003e100: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 s limited to det\n-0003e110: 6563 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a ecting the disk.\n-0003e120: 7769 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 with partition b\n-0003e130: 6569 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 eing discovered \n-0003e140: 6f6e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e on install time.\n-0003e150: 2020 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 \"partition\" me\n-0003e160: 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e ans that.disk an\n-0003e170: 6420 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 d partiton can b\n-0003e180: 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e automatically \n-0003e190: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 discovered. \"fi\n-0003e1a0: 6c65 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 le\" means that.b\n-0003e1b0: 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e oot image file n\n-0003e1c0: 616d 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 ame as well as d\n-0003e1d0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f isk and partitio\n-0003e1e0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 n can be discove\n-0003e1f0: 7265 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 red..For consist\n-0003e200: 656e 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e ency, default in\n-0003e210: 7374 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 stall ignores pa\n-0003e220: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 rtition and reli\n-0003e230: 6573 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 es solely on.dis\n-0003e240: 6b20 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 k detection. If\n-0003e250: 206e 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no bootlocation\n-0003e260: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 discovery is av\n-0003e270: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 ailable or boot \n-0003e280: 616e 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 and.grub-root di\n-0003e290: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e sks are differen\n-0003e2a0: 742c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 t, UUID is used \n-0003e2b0: 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 instead. On ARC\n-0003e2c0: 2069 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f if no.device to\n-0003e2d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 install to is s\n-0003e2e0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 pecified, UUID i\n-0003e2f0: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 s used instead a\n-0003e300: 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s well... \n-0003e310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 BIOS \n-0003e320: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 Coreboot \n-0003e330: 2020 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Multiboot \n-0003e340: 2020 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 Qemu.video \n-0003e350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e380: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c yes.consol\n-0003e390: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 e CP437 \n-0003e3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n-0003e3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n-0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 CP437.char\n-0003e3d0: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n-0003e3e0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-0003e3f0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e400: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e410: 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-0003e420: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e430: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e440: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-0003e450: 6573 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 es.AT keyboard \n-0003e460: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e470: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e480: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-0003e490: 6573 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 es.Speaker \n-0003e4a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e4b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e4c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-0003e4d0: 6573 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.USB \n-0003e4e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e4f0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e500: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-0003e510: 6573 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 es.chainloader \n-0003e520: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-0003e530: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e540: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-0003e550: 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.cpuid \n-0003e560: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e570: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-0003e580: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-0003e590: 7274 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 rtial.rdmsr \n-0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e5b0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e5c0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e5d0: 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yes.\n-0003e6e0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 compression a\n-0003e6f0: 6c77 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f lways po\n-0003e700: 696e 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 intless no \n-0003e710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n-0003e720: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 xit ye\n-0003e730: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n-0003e740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-0003e750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f no.bo\n-0003e760: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 otlocation dis\n-0003e770: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 k no \n-0003e780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-0003e790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 no.. \n-0003e7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n-0003e7b0: 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 2 EFI amd6\n-0003e7c0: 3420 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4 EFI ia32 \n-0003e7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 Itaniu\n-0003e7e0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+0003d3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0003d400: 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f e GRUB can be lo\n+0003d410: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 cked down when b\n+0003d420: 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 ooted on a secur\n+0003d430: 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e boot environme\n+0003d440: 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 nt,.for example \n+0003d450: 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 if the UEFI secu\n+0003d460: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+0003d470: 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 ed. On a locked\n+0003d480: 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 down.configurat\n+0003d490: 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 ion, the GRUB wi\n+0003d4a0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 ll be restricted\n+0003d4b0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 and some operat\n+0003d4c0: 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 ions/commands.ca\n+0003d4d0: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nnot be executed\n+0003d4e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 276c 6f63 6b64 ... The 'lockd\n+0003d4f0: 6f77 6e27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 own' variable is\n+0003d500: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e set to 'y' when\n+0003d510: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 the GRUB is loc\n+0003d520: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 ked down..Otherw\n+0003d530: 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ise it does not \n+0003d540: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 exit.....File: g\n+0003d550: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d560: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+0003d570: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c tions, Next: Pl\n+0003d580: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+0003d590: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 operations, Pre\n+0003d5a0: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 v: Security, Up\n+0003d5b0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 506c 6174 666f : Top..19 Platfo\n+0003d5c0: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a rm limitations.*\n+0003d5d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0003d5e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 ******..GRUB2 is\n+0003d5f0: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 designed to be \n+0003d600: 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 portable and is \n+0003d610: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 actually ported \n+0003d620: 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 across.platforms\n+0003d630: 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 . We try to kee\n+0003d640: 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 p all platforms \n+0003d650: 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 at the level. U\n+0003d660: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d nfortunately.som\n+0003d670: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 e platforms are \n+0003d680: 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 better supported\n+0003d690: 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 than others. T\n+0003d6a0: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 his is detailed \n+0003d6b0: 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 in.current and 2\n+0003d6c0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 following secti\n+0003d6d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 ons... All pla\n+0003d6e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 tforms have an a\n+0003d6f0: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 rtificially GRUB\n+0003d700: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 imposed disk si\n+0003d710: 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f ze restriction.o\n+0003d720: 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 f 1 EiB. In some\n+0003d730: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 cases, larger d\n+0003d740: 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 isk sizes can be\n+0003d750: 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 used, but acces\n+0003d760: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c s will.not be al\n+0003d770: 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 lowed beyond 1 E\n+0003d780: 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 iB... LUKS2 de\n+0003d790: 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 vices with size \n+0003d7a0: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 larger than 16 E\n+0003d7b0: 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 iB are currently\n+0003d7c0: 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 not.supported. \n+0003d7d0: 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 They can not be\n+0003d7e0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 created as cryp\n+0003d7f0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 to devices by cr\n+0003d800: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 yptomount, so.ca\n+0003d810: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 n not even be pa\n+0003d820: 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f rtially read fro\n+0003d830: 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f m. LUKS have no\n+0003d840: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 limitations oth\n+0003d850: 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d er.than those im\n+0003d860: 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 posed by the for\n+0003d870: 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 mat... ARC pla\n+0003d880: 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 tform is unable \n+0003d890: 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 to change dateti\n+0003d8a0: 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 me (firmware doe\n+0003d8b0: 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f sn't seem to.pro\n+0003d8c0: 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vide a function \n+0003d8d0: 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 for it). EMU ha\n+0003d8e0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 s similar limita\n+0003d8f0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 tion... On EMU\n+0003d900: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 platform no ser\n+0003d910: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n+0003d920: 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f lable... Conso\n+0003d930: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 le charset refer\n+0003d940: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 s only to firmwa\n+0003d950: 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 re-assisted cons\n+0003d960: 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 ole. gfxterm is\n+0003d970: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 .always Unicode \n+0003d980: 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e (see Internation\n+0003d990: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f alisation sectio\n+0003d9a0: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 n for its limita\n+0003d9b0: 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 tions)..Serial i\n+0003d9c0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 s configurable t\n+0003d9d0: 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 o UTF-8 or ASCII\n+0003d9e0: 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f (see Internatio\n+0003d9f0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e nalisation). In\n+0003da00: 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e .case of qemu an\n+0003da10: 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 d coreboot ports\n+0003da20: 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e the refered con\n+0003da30: 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 sole is vga_text\n+0003da40: 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 ..Loongson alway\n+0003da50: 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a s uses gfxterm..\n+0003da60: 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 . Most limited\n+0003da70: 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 one is ASCII. C\n+0003da80: 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 P437 provides ad\n+0003da90: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 ditionally.pseud\n+0003daa0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 ographics. GRUB\n+0003dab0: 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 2 doesn't use an\n+0003dac0: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 y language chara\n+0003dad0: 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 cters from CP437\n+0003dae0: 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 as.often CP437 \n+0003daf0: 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e is replaced by n\n+0003db00: 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 ational encoding\n+0003db10: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 compatible only\n+0003db20: 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 in.pseudographi\n+0003db30: 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 cs. Unicode is \n+0003db40: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 the most versati\n+0003db50: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 le charset which\n+0003db60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c supports.many l\n+0003db70: 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 anguages. Howev\n+0003db80: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f er the actual co\n+0003db90: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 nsole may be muc\n+0003dba0: 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 h more limited.d\n+0003dbb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d epending on firm\n+0003dbc0: 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 ware.. On BIOS\n+0003dbd0: 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 , network is sup\n+0003dbe0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 ported only if t\n+0003dbf0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 he image is load\n+0003dc00: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f ed through.netwo\n+0003dc10: 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c rk. On sparc64,\n+0003dc20: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 GRUB is unable \n+0003dc30: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 to determine whi\n+0003dc40: 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 ch server it was\n+0003dc50: 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 .booted from... \n+0003dc60: 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 Direct ATA/AHC\n+0003dc70: 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 I support allows\n+0003dc80: 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 to circumvent v\n+0003dc90: 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a arious firmware.\n+0003dca0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 limitations but \n+0003dcb0: 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 isn't needed for\n+0003dcc0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n+0003dcd0: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 n except on bare\n+0003dce0: 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 metal.ports... \n+0003dcf0: 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 AT keyboard sup\n+0003dd00: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 port allows keyb\n+0003dd10: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 oard layout rema\n+0003dd20: 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 pping and suppor\n+0003dd30: 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 t for.keys not a\n+0003dd40: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 vailable through\n+0003dd50: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 firmware. It i\n+0003dd60: 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 sn't needed for \n+0003dd70: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal.operation\n+0003dd80: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 except baremeta\n+0003dd90: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 l ports... Spe\n+0003dda0: 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 aker allows mors\n+0003ddb0: 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 e and spkmodem c\n+0003ddc0: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ommunication... \n+0003ddd0: 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 USB support pr\n+0003dde0: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 ovides benefits \n+0003ddf0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 similar to ATA (\n+0003de00: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f for USB disks) o\n+0003de10: 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 r AT.(for USB ke\n+0003de20: 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 yboards). In ad\n+0003de30: 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 dition it allows\n+0003de40: 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 USBserial... \n+0003de50: 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 Chainloading ref\n+0003de60: 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ers to the abili\n+0003de70: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ty to load anoth\n+0003de80: 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 er bootloader th\n+0003de90: 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 rough.the same p\n+0003dea0: 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 rotocol.. Hint\n+0003deb0: 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 s allow faster d\n+0003dec0: 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 isk discovery by\n+0003ded0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 already knowing\n+0003dee0: 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 in advance whic\n+0003def0: 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e h.is the disk in\n+0003df00: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 question. On s\n+0003df10: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 ome platforms hi\n+0003df20: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 nts are correct \n+0003df30: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 unless you.move \n+0003df40: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e the disk between\n+0003df50: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 boots. On othe\n+0003df60: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 r platforms it's\n+0003df70: 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 just an educate\n+0003df80: 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 d.guess. Note t\n+0003df90: 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 hat hint failure\n+0003dfa0: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 results in just\n+0003dfb0: 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d reduced perform\n+0003dfc0: 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c ance, not.a fail\n+0003dfd0: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 ure.. BadRAM i\n+0003dfe0: 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f s the ability to\n+0003dff0: 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 mark some of th\n+0003e000: 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 e RAM as \"bad\". \n+0003e010: 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 Note: due to.pr\n+0003e020: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f otocol limitatio\n+0003e030: 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e ns mips-loongson\n+0003e040: 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f (with Linux pro\n+0003e050: 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d tocol) and.mips-\n+0003e060: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 qemu_mips can us\n+0003e070: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 e only memory up\n+0003e080: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a to first hole..\n+0003e090: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e . Bootlocation\n+0003e0a0: 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 is ability of G\n+0003e0b0: 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 RUB to automatic\n+0003e0c0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 ally detect wher\n+0003e0d0: 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e e it.boots from.\n+0003e0e0: 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"disk\" means t\n+0003e0f0: 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 he detection is \n+0003e100: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 limited to detec\n+0003e110: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 ting the disk.wi\n+0003e120: 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 th partition bei\n+0003e130: 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e ng discovered on\n+0003e140: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 install time. \n+0003e150: 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e \"partition\" mean\n+0003e160: 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 s that.disk and \n+0003e170: 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 partiton can be \n+0003e180: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 automatically di\n+0003e190: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 scovered. \"file\n+0003e1a0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f \" means that.boo\n+0003e1b0: 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d t image file nam\n+0003e1c0: 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 e as well as dis\n+0003e1d0: 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 k and partition \n+0003e1e0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 can be discovere\n+0003e1f0: 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e d..For consisten\n+0003e200: 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 cy, default inst\n+0003e210: 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 all ignores part\n+0003e220: 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 ition and relies\n+0003e230: 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 solely on.disk \n+0003e240: 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e detection. If n\n+0003e250: 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 o bootlocation d\n+0003e260: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 iscovery is avai\n+0003e270: 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e lable or boot an\n+0003e280: 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b d.grub-root disk\n+0003e290: 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c s are different,\n+0003e2a0: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e UUID is used in\n+0003e2b0: 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 stead. On ARC i\n+0003e2c0: 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 f no.device to i\n+0003e2d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 nstall to is spe\n+0003e2e0: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 cified, UUID is \n+0003e2f0: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 used instead as \n+0003e300: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 well... \n+0003e310: 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 Coreboot \n+0003e330: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 Multiboot \n+0003e340: 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 Qemu.video \n+0003e350: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e360: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e370: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e380: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 yes.console \n+0003e390: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n+0003e3a0: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n+0003e3b0: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 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\n-0003f130: 4d49 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 MIPS qemu e\n-0003f140: 6d75 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 mu xe\n-0003f150: 6e0a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n.video \n-0003f160: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003f170: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-0003f180: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n-0003f190: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-0003f1a0: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 Unicode (*) A\n-0003f1b0: 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 SCII.charset.net\n-0003f1c0: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 work no \n-0003f1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-0003f1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 no.ATA\n-0003f1f0: 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 /AHCI yes \n-0003f200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-0003f210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n-0003f220: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n-0003f230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-0003f240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 no.Spe\n-0003f250: 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 aker no \n-0003f260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-0003f270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 no.USB\n-0003f280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 N/A \n-0003f290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-0003f2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 no.cha\n-0003f2b0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 inloader yes \n-0003f2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-0003f2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 yes.cp\n-0003f2e0: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 uid no \n-0003f2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-0003f300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 yes.r\n-0003f310: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f dmsr no\n-0003f320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-0003f330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-0003f340: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e wrmsr n\n-0003f350: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-0003f360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-0003f370: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n-0003f380: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e guess n\n-0003f390: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-0003f3a0: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n-0003f3b0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-0003f3c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-0003f3d0: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n-0003f3e0: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n-0003f3f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-0003f400: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n-0003f410: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e configurable n\n-0003f420: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-0003f430: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n-0003f440: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-0003f450: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-0003f460: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n-0003f470: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 no f\n-0003f480: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ile no\n-0003f490: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003f4a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 nfo, Node: Plat\n-0003f4b0: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-0003f4c0: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a erations, Next:\n-0003f4d0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n-0003f4e0: 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 ls, Prev: Platf\n-0003f4f0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c orm limitations,\n-0003f500: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 4f75 Up: Top..20 Ou\n-0003f510: 746c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tline.**********\n-0003f520: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ..Some platforms\n-0003f530: 2068 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 have features w\n-0003f540: 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 hich allows to i\n-0003f550: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f mplement some co\n-0003f560: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f mmands.useless o\n-0003f570: 7220 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 r not implementa\n-0003f580: 626c 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a ble on others...\n-0003f590: 2020 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Quick summary\n-0003f5a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f :.. Informatio\n-0003f5b0: 6e20 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 n retrieval:.. \n-0003f5c0: 202a 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 * mipsel-loongs\n-0003f5d0: 6f6e 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 202a 206d on: lsspd. * m\n-0003f5e0: 6970 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 ips-arc: lsdev. \n-0003f5f0: 2020 2a20 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 * efi: lsefisy\n-0003f600: 7374 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 stab, lssal, lse\n-0003f610: 6669 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 fimmap, lsefi. \n-0003f620: 202a 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 * i386-pc: lsap\n-0003f630: 6d0a 2020 202a 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 m. * i386-core\n-0003f640: 626f 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 boot: lscoreboot\n-0003f650: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 , coreboot_boott\n-0003f660: 696d 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 202a ime, cbmemc. *\n-0003f670: 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 acpi-enabled (i\n-0003f680: 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 386-pc, i386-cor\n-0003f690: 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 eboot, i386-mult\n-0003f6a0: 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 iboot, *-efi):. \n-0003f6b0: 2020 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 lsacpi.. W\n-0003f6c0: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 orkarounds for p\n-0003f6d0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-0003f6e0: 2069 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 issues:. * i3\n-0003f6f0: 3836 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 86-efi/x86_64-ef\n-0003f700: 693a 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b i: loadbios, fak\n-0003f710: 6562 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f ebios, fix_video\n-0003f720: 0a20 2020 2a20 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c . * acpi-enabl\n-0003f730: 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 ed (i386-pc, i38\n-0003f740: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n-0003f750: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 -multiboot, *-ef\n-0003f760: 6929 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f i): acpi. (o\n-0003f770: 7665 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 verride ACPI tab\n-0003f780: 6c65 7329 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 les). * i386-p\n-0003f790: 633a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 202a c: drivemap. *\n-0003f7a0: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 i386-pc: sendke\n-0003f7b0: 790a 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f y.. Advanced o\n-0003f7c0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f perations for po\n-0003f7d0: 7765 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 wer users:. * \n-0003f7e0: 7838 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 x86: iorw (direc\n-0003f7f0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 t access to I/O \n-0003f800: 706f 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 ports).. Misce\n-0003f810: 6c61 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 636d laneous:. * cm\n-0003f820: 6f73 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 os (x86-*, ieee1\n-0003f830: 3237 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 275, mips-qemu_m\n-0003f840: 6970 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 ips, mips-loongs\n-0003f850: 6f6e 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 on): cmostest. \n-0003f860: 2020 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 (used on some\n-0003f870: 206c 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 laptops to chec\n-0003f880: 6b20 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f k for special po\n-0003f890: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f wer-on key), cmo\n-0003f8a0: 7363 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 sclean. * i386\n-0003f8b0: 2d70 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c -pc: play....Fil\n-0003f8c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003f8d0: 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ode: Supported k\n-0003f8e0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 ernels, Next: T\n-0003f8f0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 roubleshooting, \n-0003f900: 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d Prev: Platform-\n-0003f910: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n-0003f920: 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ons, Up: Top..2\n-0003f930: 3120 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 1 Supported boot\n-0003f940: 2074 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a targets.*******\n+0003ec80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 ignore\n+0003ec90: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.. \n+0003eca0: 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 Loongson \n+0003ecb0: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n+0003ecc0: 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 Powerpc A\n+0003ecd0: 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 RC.video \n+0003ece0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ecf0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ed00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+0003ed10: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n+0003ed20: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+0003ed30: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ASCII A\n+0003ed40: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 SCII AS\n+0003ed50: 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 CII.charset.netw\n+0003ed60: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ork no \n+0003ed70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a yes (*\n+0003ed80: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 ) yes \n+0003ed90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n+0003eda0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n+0003edb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003edc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003edd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n+0003ede0: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n+0003edf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n+0003ee20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee30: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee50: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n+0003ee60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ee70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee80: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee90: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n+0003eea0: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n+0003eeb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eec0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eed0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+0003eee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eef0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef00: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef10: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+0003ef20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef30: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef40: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef50: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+0003ef60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef70: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef80: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef90: 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+0003efa0: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+0003efb0: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+0003efc0: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e good n\n+0003efd0: 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.PCI \n+0003efe0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003eff0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+0003f000: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+0003f010: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n+0003f020: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n+0003f030: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+0003f050: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 compression c\n+0003f060: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f onfigurable no\n+0003f070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+0003f080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n+0003f090: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 igurable.exit \n+0003f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003f0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f0c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f0d0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 yes.bootloc\n+0003f0e0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n+0003f0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n+0003f100: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n+0003f110: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 file (*).. \n+0003f120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 MI\n+0003f130: 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 PS qemu emu\n+0003f140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a xen.\n+0003f150: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e video n\n+0003f160: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+0003f170: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+0003f180: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 console C\n+0003f190: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e P437 Un\n+0003f1a0: 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 icode (*) ASC\n+0003f1b0: 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f II.charset.netwo\n+0003f1c0: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 rk no \n+0003f1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n+0003f1f0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n+0003f200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n+0003f220: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n+0003f230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+0003f250: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n+0003f260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n+0003f280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 N/A \n+0003f290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n+0003f2b0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 loader yes \n+0003f2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 yes.cpui\n+0003f2e0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 d no \n+0003f2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+0003f300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d yes.rdm\n+0003f310: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n+0003f320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+0003f330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 yes.wr\n+0003f340: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n+0003f350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+0003f360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 yes.h\n+0003f370: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n+0003f380: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 ess no \n+0003f390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 no.P\n+0003f3a0: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f CI no\n+0003f3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+0003f3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n+0003f3d0: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n+0003f3e0: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n+0003f3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+0003f400: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f ompression co\n+0003f410: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 nfigurable no \n+0003f420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n+0003f430: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f xit no\n+0003f440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+0003f450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n+0003f460: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f ootlocation no\n+0003f470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c fil\n+0003f480: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a e no..\n+0003f490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003f4a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f o, Node: Platfo\n+0003f4b0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+0003f4c0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 ations, Next: S\n+0003f4d0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n+0003f4e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n+0003f4f0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n+0003f500: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 4f75 746c Up: Top..20 Outl\n+0003f510: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ine.**********..\n+0003f520: 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 Some platforms h\n+0003f530: 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 ave features whi\n+0003f540: 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 ch allows to imp\n+0003f550: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d lement some comm\n+0003f560: 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 ands.useless or \n+0003f570: 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c not implementabl\n+0003f580: 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 e on others... \n+0003f590: 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a Quick summary:.\n+0003f5a0: 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 . Information \n+0003f5b0: 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 202a retrieval:.. *\n+0003f5c0: 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e mipsel-loongson\n+0003f5d0: 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 202a 206d 6970 : lsspd. * mip\n+0003f5e0: 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 s-arc: lsdev. \n+0003f5f0: 2a20 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 * efi: lsefisyst\n+0003f600: 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 ab, lssal, lsefi\n+0003f610: 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 202a mmap, lsefi. *\n+0003f620: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a i386-pc: lsapm.\n+0003f630: 2020 202a 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f * i386-corebo\n+0003f640: 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 ot: lscoreboot, \n+0003f650: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d coreboot_boottim\n+0003f660: 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 202a 2061 e, cbmemc. * a\n+0003f670: 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 cpi-enabled (i38\n+0003f680: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6-pc, i386-coreb\n+0003f690: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n+0003f6a0: 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 oot, *-efi):. \n+0003f6b0: 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 lsacpi.. Wor\n+0003f6c0: 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 karounds for pla\n+0003f6d0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 tform-specific i\n+0003f6e0: 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 ssues:. * i386\n+0003f6f0: 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a -efi/x86_64-efi:\n+0003f700: 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 loadbios, fakeb\n+0003f710: 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 ios, fix_video. \n+0003f720: 2020 2a20 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 * acpi-enabled\n+0003f730: 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d (i386-pc, i386-\n+0003f740: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n+0003f750: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 ultiboot, *-efi)\n+0003f760: 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 : acpi. (ove\n+0003f770: 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 rride ACPI table\n+0003f780: 7329 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 633a s). * i386-pc:\n+0003f790: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 202a 2069 drivemap. * i\n+0003f7a0: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 386-pc: sendkey.\n+0003f7b0: 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 . Advanced ope\n+0003f7c0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 rations for powe\n+0003f7d0: 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 7838 r users:. * x8\n+0003f7e0: 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6: iorw (direct \n+0003f7f0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f access to I/O po\n+0003f800: 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 rts).. Miscela\n+0003f810: 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 636d 6f73 neous:. * cmos\n+0003f820: 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 (x86-*, ieee127\n+0003f830: 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 5, mips-qemu_mip\n+0003f840: 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e s, mips-loongson\n+0003f850: 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 ): cmostest. \n+0003f860: 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c (used on some l\n+0003f870: 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 aptops to check \n+0003f880: 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 for special powe\n+0003f890: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 r-on key), cmosc\n+0003f8a0: 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 lean. * i386-p\n+0003f8b0: 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a c: play....File:\n+0003f8c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003f8d0: 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 e: Supported ker\n+0003f8e0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f nels, Next: Tro\n+0003f8f0: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ubleshooting, P\n+0003f900: 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 rev: Platform-sp\n+0003f910: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+0003f920: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 s, Up: Top..21 \n+0003f930: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 Supported boot t\n+0003f940: 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a argets.*********\n 0003f950: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0003f960: 2a2a 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 **..X86 support \n-0003f970: 6973 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e is summarised in\n-0003f980: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 the following t\n-0003f990: 6162 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 able. \"Yes\" mea\n-0003f9a0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e ns that the.kern\n-0003f9b0: 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 el works on the \n-0003f9c0: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 given platform, \n-0003f9d0: 2263 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 \"crashes\" means \n-0003f9e0: 616e 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a an early kernel.\n-0003f9f0: 6372 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 crash which we h\n-0003fa00: 6f70 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 ope will be fixe\n-0003fa10: 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b d by concerned k\n-0003fa20: 6572 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 ernel developers\n-0003fa30: 2e20 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 . \"no\".means GR\n-0003fa40: 5542 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 UB doesn't load \n-0003fa50: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c the given kernel\n-0003fa60: 206f 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 on a given plat\n-0003fa70: 666f 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 form..\"headless\"\n-0003fa80: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n-0003fa90: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 kernel works but\n-0003faa0: 206c 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 lacks console d\n-0003fab0: 7269 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 rivers (you.can \n-0003fac0: 7374 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c still use serial\n-0003fad0: 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 or network cons\n-0003fae0: 6f6c 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f ole). In case o\n-0003faf0: 6620 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 f \"no\" and \"cras\n-0003fb00: 6865 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 hes\".the reason \n-0003fb10: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 is given in foot\n-0003fb20: 6e6f 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 note.. \n+0003f960: 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 ..X86 support is\n+0003f970: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 summarised in t\n+0003f980: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n+0003f990: 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 le. \"Yes\" means\n+0003f9a0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c that the.kernel\n+0003f9b0: 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 works on the gi\n+0003f9c0: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 ven platform, \"c\n+0003f9d0: 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e rashes\" means an\n+0003f9e0: 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 early kernel.cr\n+0003f9f0: 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 ash which we hop\n+0003fa00: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 e will be fixed \n+0003fa10: 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 by concerned ker\n+0003fa20: 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 nel developers. \n+0003fa30: 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 \"no\".means GRUB\n+0003fa40: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 doesn't load th\n+0003fa50: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f e given kernel o\n+0003fa60: 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f n a given platfo\n+0003fa70: 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d rm..\"headless\" m\n+0003fa80: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 eans that the ke\n+0003fa90: 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c rnel works but l\n+0003faa0: 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 acks console dri\n+0003fab0: 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 vers (you.can st\n+0003fac0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f ill use serial o\n+0003fad0: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c r network consol\n+0003fae0: 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 e). In case of \n+0003faf0: 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 \"no\" and \"crashe\n+0003fb00: 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 s\".the reason is\n+0003fb10: 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f given in footno\n+0003fb20: 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te.. \n 0003fb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 BIOS \n-0003fb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 Core\n-0003fb60: 626f 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c boot.BIOS chainl\n-0003fb70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n-0003fb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003fb90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-0003fba0: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n+0003fb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 BIOS \n+0003fb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f Corebo\n+0003fb60: 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ot.BIOS chainloa\n+0003fb70: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+0003fb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fb90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+0003fba0: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n 0003fbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fbd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n-0003fbe0: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n+0003fbc0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fbd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n+0003fbe0: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n 0003fbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fc00: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fc10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n-0003fc20: 646f 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos \n-0003fc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fc40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fc50: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n-0003fc60: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n-0003fc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-0003fc80: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n-0003fc90: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n-0003fca0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n-0003fcb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fcc0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fcd0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d crashes (5).64-\n-0003fce0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+0003fc00: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fc10: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f no (1).Freedo\n+0003fc20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n+0003fc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+0003fc40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+0003fc50: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n+0003fc60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n+0003fc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003fc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+0003fc90: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n+0003fca0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+0003fcb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+0003fcc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+0003fcd0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n+0003fce0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n 0003fcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fd00: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fd10: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 crashes (5).3\n-0003fd20: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n+0003fd00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd10: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n+0003fd20: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n 0003fd30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fd40: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fd50: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-0003fd60: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n+0003fd40: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd50: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n+0003fd60: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n 0003fd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fd80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fd90: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 crashes.3\n-0003fda0: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n+0003fd80: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd90: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d crashes.32-\n+0003fda0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n 0003fdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fdc0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fdd0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n-0003fde0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-0003fdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-0003fe00: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-0003fe10: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 es.Multiboot \n+0003fdc0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fdd0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.64-bit kO\n+0003fde0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+0003fdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003fe00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+0003fe10: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 0003fe20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fe30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fe40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n-0003fe50: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n+0003fe30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fe40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n+0003fe50: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n 0003fe60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fe70: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fe80: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.32-bit Li\n-0003fe90: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-0003fea0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n-0003feb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-0003fec0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n-0003fed0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-0003fee0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-0003fef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-0003ff00: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .32-bit Linux (m\n-0003ff10: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n-0003ff20: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ff30: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-0003ff40: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-0003ff50: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-0003ff60: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ff70: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.32-bit XNU \n+0003fe70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fe80: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n+0003fe90: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+0003fea0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+0003feb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+0003fec0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+0003fed0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+0003fee0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n+0003ff00: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n+0003ff10: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+0003ff20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ff30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+0003ff40: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+0003ff50: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n+0003ff60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+0003ff70: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n 0003ff80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ff90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003ffa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n-0003ffb0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+0003ff90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ffa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+0003ffb0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n 0003ffc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ffd0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ffe0: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 ?.32-bit EFI \n-0003fff0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00040000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00040010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00040020: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ).64-bit EFI cha\n-00040030: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-00040040: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n-00040050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 no (2).A\n-00040060: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n+0003ffd0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ffe0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+0003fff0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00040000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00040010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00040020: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00040030: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00040040: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n+00040060: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n 00040070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040080: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040090: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 no (2).. \n+00040080: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040090: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 000400a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000400b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000400c0: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-000400d0: 2020 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 Qemu.BIOS cha\n-000400e0: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n-000400f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00040100: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00040110: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+000400c0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+000400d0: 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e Qemu.BIOS chain\n+000400e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n+000400f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00040100: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00040110: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n 00040120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00040140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00040150: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n+00040130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00040140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00040150: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n 00040160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040170: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-00040180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n-00040190: 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeDOS \n+00040170: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040180: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00040190: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n 000401a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000401b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000401c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n-000401d0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n-000401e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000401f0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00040200: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n-00040210: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+000401b0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000401c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n+000401d0: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n+000401e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000401f0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00040200: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n+00040210: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n 00040220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040230: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 crashes (5) \n-00040240: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-00040250: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n+00040230: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n+00040240: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 crashes (5).64\n+00040250: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n 00040260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040270: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00040280: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00040290: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n+00040270: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 crashes (5) \n+00040280: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n+00040290: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n 000402a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000402b0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-000402c0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 1) crashes \n-000402d0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n-000402e0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000402f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00040300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00040310: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+000402b0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+000402c0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+000402d0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n+000402e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000402f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00040310: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n 00040320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040330: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040340: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b yes.64-bit k\n-00040350: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00040360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00040370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00040380: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n+00040330: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040340: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.64-bit kOp\n+00040350: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00040360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00040370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00040380: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n 00040390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000403a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000403b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n-000403c0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n-000403d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000403e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000403f0: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n-00040400: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00040410: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00040420: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00040430: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n-00040440: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-00040450: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n-00040460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00040470: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n-00040480: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-00040490: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000404a0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-000404b0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n-000404c0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n-000404d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000404e0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n+000403a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000403b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n+000403c0: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n+000403d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000403e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000403f0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n+00040400: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n+00040410: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n+00040420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00040430: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n+00040440: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00040450: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040460: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n+00040470: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00040480: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00040490: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000404a0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n+000404b0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+000404c0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000404d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000404e0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n 000404f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00040510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n-00040520: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n-00040530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040540: 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00040550: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n-00040560: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n-00040570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n-00040580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00040590: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n-000405a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-000405b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n-000405c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 no (2).Ap\n-000405d0: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n+00040500: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00040510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n+00040520: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00040530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00040540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040550: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n+00040560: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n+00040570: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00040580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n+00040590: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n+000405a0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000405b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+000405c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n+000405d0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n 000405e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000405f0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040600: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+000405f0: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040600: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00040610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040630: 2069 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00040640: 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 amd64 EFI.BIOS\n-00040650: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n-00040660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040670: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00040680: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+00040620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00040630: 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 a32 EFI \n+00040640: 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 amd64 EFI.BIOS c\n+00040650: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n+00040660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00040670: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00040680: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00040690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000406a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000406b0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-000406c0: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n+000406a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000406b0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+000406c0: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 000406d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000406e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000406f0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00040700: 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 1).FreeDOS \n+000406e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n+000406f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00040700: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n 00040710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00040730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00040740: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n-00040750: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00040760: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00040770: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00040780: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n-00040790: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-000407a0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 headless \n-000407b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-000407c0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n+00040720: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040730: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n+00040740: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n+00040750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040760: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n+00040770: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00040780: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n+00040790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000407a0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+000407b0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 headless.6\n+000407c0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n 000407d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000407e0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n-000407f0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n-00040800: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n+000407e0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+000407f0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 headless.32\n+00040800: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n 00040810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040820: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00040830: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00040840: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n+00040820: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n+00040830: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00040840: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n 00040850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040860: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00040880: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n-00040890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000408a0: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-000408b0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 headless.64-bi\n-000408c0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n-000408d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000408e0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-000408f0: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 headless.Multib\n-00040900: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n-00040910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00040920: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00040930: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 yes.Multiboot2 \n+00040860: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040870: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00040880: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00040890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+000408a0: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n+000408b0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 headless.64-bit \n+000408c0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+000408d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n+000408e0: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n+000408f0: 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f eadless.Multiboo\n+00040900: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00040910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00040920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00040930: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 s.Multiboot2 \n 00040940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00040960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n-00040970: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00040980: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00040990: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000409a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n-000409b0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n-000409c0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000409d0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000409e0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n-000409f0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-00040a00: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00040a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00040a20: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.64-bit Linux (\n-00040a30: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-00040a40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00040a60: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n-00040a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040a80: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040a90: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.64-bit XNU\n+00040950: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00040970: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n+00040980: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00040990: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000409a0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n+000409b0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n+000409c0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n+000409d0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+000409e0: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n+000409f0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n+00040a00: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00040a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00040a20: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n+00040a30: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+00040a40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040a50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00040a60: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00040a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00040a80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00040a90: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.64-bit XNU \n 00040aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 yes (\n-00040ac0: 3429 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4) yes.\n-00040ad0: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n-00040ae0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00040af0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040b00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d no (3).64-\n-00040b10: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00040b20: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00040b30: 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n-00040b40: 2020 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 yes.Appleload\n-00040b50: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00040b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00040b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00040b80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00040ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 yes (4)\n+00040ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00040ad0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00040ae0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00040af0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040b00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 no (3).64-bi\n+00040b10: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+00040b20: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00040b30: 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n+00040b40: 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 yes.Appleloader\n+00040b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00040b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a yes..\n+00040b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00040b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 ia32 IEEE\n-00040bb0: 3132 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 1275.BIOS chainl\n-00040bc0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n-00040bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00040be0: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n+00040ba0: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 ia32 IEEE12\n+00040bb0: 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 75.BIOS chainloa\n+00040bc0: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+00040bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n+00040be0: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n 00040bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n-00040c10: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n+00040c00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n+00040c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00040c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c30: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 no (1).FreeDOS\n+00040c30: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n 00040c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00040c60: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n-00040c70: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tloader \n-00040c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00040c90: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n-00040ca0: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00040cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00040cc0: 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 es (5).64-bit kF\n-00040cd0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-00040ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00040cf0: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).32-bit k\n-00040d00: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n-00040d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00040d20: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (1).64-bit \n-00040d30: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00040d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00040d50: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n+00040c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00040c60: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+00040c70: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00040c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00040c90: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n+00040ca0: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00040cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00040cc0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n+00040cd0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00040ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00040cf0: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n+00040d00: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00040d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00040d20: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n+00040d30: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+00040d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00040d50: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n 00040d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040d70: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f ?.64-bit kO\n-00040d80: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-00040d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 ?.Mu\n-00040da0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n+00040d70: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 ?.64-bit kOpe\n+00040d80: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+00040d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 ?.Mult\n+00040da0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n 00040db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040dc0: 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 ?.Multiboot2 \n+00040dc0: 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n 00040dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n-00040df0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00040e00: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00040e10: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n-00040e20: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00040e30: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00040e40: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n-00040e50: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-00040e60: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 l) ?.64-bi\n-00040e70: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-00040e80: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00040e90: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 ?.32-bit XNU \n+00040de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+00040df0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00040e00: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00040e10: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n+00040e20: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00040e30: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00040e40: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n+00040e50: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+00040e60: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n+00040e70: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+00040e80: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a otocol) ?.\n+00040e90: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n 00040ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040eb0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-00040ec0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00040ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00040ee0: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n-00040ef0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00040f00: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n-00040f10: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00040f20: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00040f30: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 no (2).Appleloa\n-00040f40: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00040f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00040f60: 2832 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 (2).. 1. Requir\n-00040f70: 6573 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 es BIOS. 2. EFI\n-00040f80: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 only. 3. 32-bi\n-00040f90: 7420 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 t and 64-bit EFI\n-00040fa0: 2068 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 have different \n-00040fb0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 structures and w\n-00040fc0: 6f72 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 ork in. diff\n-00040fd0: 6572 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 erent CPU modes \n-00040fe0: 736f 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 so it's not poss\n-00040ff0: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ible to chainloa\n-00041000: 6420 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f d 32-bit. bo\n-00041010: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 otloader on 64-b\n-00041020: 6974 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 it platform and \n-00041030: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 vice-versa. 4. \n-00041040: 536f 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 Some modules may\n-00041050: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 need to be disa\n-00041060: 626c 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 bled. 5. Requir\n-00041070: 6573 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 es ACPI.. Powe\n-00041080: 7250 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 rPC, IA64 and Sp\n-00041090: 6172 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 arc64 ports supp\n-000410a0: 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 ort only Linux. \n-000410b0: 204d 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f MIPS port.suppo\n-000410c0: 7274 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 rts Linux and mu\n-000410d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 312e 3120 ltiboot2...21.1 \n-000410e0: 426f 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Boot tests.=====\n-000410f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 ==========..As y\n-00041100: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 ou have seen in \n-00041110: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 previous chapter\n-00041120: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 the support mat\n-00041130: 7269 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 rix is pretty bi\n-00041140: 670a 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 g.and some of th\n-00041150: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 e configurations\n-00041160: 2061 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 are only rarely\n-00041170: 2075 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 used. To ensur\n-00041180: 6520 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f e the.quality bo\n-00041190: 6f74 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 otchecks are ava\n-000411a0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 ilable for all x\n-000411b0: 3836 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 86 targets excep\n-000411c0: 7420 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI.chainloade\n-000411d0: 722c 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 r, Appleloader a\n-000411e0: 6e64 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 nd XNU. All x86 \n-000411f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 platforms have b\n-00041200: 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 ootcheck.facilit\n-00041210: 7920 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 y except ieee127\n-00041220: 352e 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 5. Multiboot, m\n-00041230: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 ultiboot2, BIOS \n-00041240: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c chainloader,.ntl\n-00041250: 6472 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 dr and freebsd-b\n-00041260: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 ootloader boot t\n-00041270: 6172 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 argets are teste\n-00041280: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 d only with a fa\n-00041290: 6b65 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 ke.kernel images\n-000412a0: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 . Only Linux is\n-000412b0: 2074 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 tested among th\n-000412c0: 6520 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 e payloads using\n-000412d0: 204c 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 Linux.protocols\n-000412e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ... Following \n-000412f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 variables must b\n-00041300: 6520 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 e defined:..GRUB\n-00041310: 5f50 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 _PAYLOADS_DIR \n-00041320: 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e directory con\n-00041330: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 taining the requ\n-00041340: 6972 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 ired kernels.GRU\n-00041350: 425f 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 B_CBFSTOOL \n-00041360: 2020 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f cbfstool fro\n-00041370: 6d20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 m Coreboot packa\n-00041380: 6765 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 ge (for coreboot\n-00041390: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000413a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d platform\n-000413b0: 206f 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 only).GRUB_CORE\n-000413c0: 424f 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d BOOT_ROM em\n-000413d0: 7074 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d pty Coreboot ROM\n-000413e0: 0a47 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 .GRUB_QEMU_OPTS \n-000413f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e addition\n-00041400: 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 al options to be\n-00041410: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d supplied to QEM\n-00041420: 550a 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 U.. Required f\n-00041430: 696c 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 iles are:..kfree\n-00041440: 6273 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 bsd_env.i386 \n-00041450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00041460: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 kFreeBSD device \n-00041470: 6869 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 hints.kfreebsd.i\n-00041480: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n-00041490: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 32-bit FreeB\n-000414a0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a SD kernel image.\n-000414b0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c kfreebsd.x86_64,\n-000414c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n-000414d0: 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b me from 64-bit k\n-000414e0: 4672 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 FreeBSD.kfreebsd\n-000414f0: 5f65 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 _env.x86_64.knet\n-00041500: 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 bsd.i386 \n-00041510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n-00041520: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 NetBSD kernel i\n-00041530: 6d61 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e mage.knetbsd.min\n-00041540: 6972 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 iroot.i386 \n-00041550: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 32-bit kNetBS\n-00041560: 4420 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e D miniroot.kmod.\n-00041570: 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c .knetbsd.x86_64,\n-00041580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00041590: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ame from 64-bit \n-000415a0: 6b4e 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e kNetBSD.knetbsd.\n-000415b0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a miniroot.x86_64.\n-000415c0: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 kopenbsd.i386 \n-000415d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n-000415e0: 2d62 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 -bit OpenBSD ker\n-000415f0: 6e65 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 nel bsd.rd image\n-00041600: 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 .kopenbsd.x86_64\n-00041610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00041620: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ame from 64-bit \n-00041630: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 kOpenBSD.linux.i\n-00041640: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n-00041650: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 32-bit Li\n-00041660: 6e75 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 nux.linux.x86_64\n+00040eb0: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n+00040ec0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+00040ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00040ee0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00040ef0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00040f00: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n+00040f10: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+00040f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00040f30: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n+00040f40: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00040f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00040f60: 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ).. 1. Requires\n+00040f70: 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f BIOS. 2. EFI o\n+00040f80: 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 nly. 3. 32-bit \n+00040f90: 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 and 64-bit EFI h\n+00040fa0: 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 ave different st\n+00040fb0: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 ructures and wor\n+00040fc0: 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 k in. differ\n+00040fd0: 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f ent CPU modes so\n+00040fe0: 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 it's not possib\n+00040ff0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 le to chainload \n+00041000: 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 32-bit. boot\n+00041010: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 loader on 64-bit\n+00041020: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 platform and vi\n+00041030: 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f ce-versa. 4. So\n+00041040: 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e me modules may n\n+00041050: 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c eed to be disabl\n+00041060: 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ed. 5. Requires\n+00041070: 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 ACPI.. PowerP\n+00041080: 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 C, IA64 and Spar\n+00041090: 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 c64 ports suppor\n+000410a0: 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d t only Linux. M\n+000410b0: 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 IPS port.support\n+000410c0: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 s Linux and mult\n+000410d0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 312e 3120 426f iboot2...21.1 Bo\n+000410e0: 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ot tests.=======\n+000410f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 ========..As you\n+00041100: 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 have seen in pr\n+00041110: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 evious chapter t\n+00041120: 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 he support matri\n+00041130: 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a x is pretty big.\n+00041140: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 and some of the \n+00041150: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 configurations a\n+00041160: 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 re only rarely u\n+00041170: 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 sed. To ensure \n+00041180: 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 the.quality boot\n+00041190: 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c checks are avail\n+000411a0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 able for all x86\n+000411b0: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 targets except \n+000411c0: 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c EFI.chainloader,\n+000411d0: 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 Appleloader and\n+000411e0: 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c XNU. All x86 pl\n+000411f0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f atforms have boo\n+00041200: 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 tcheck.facility \n+00041210: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e except ieee1275.\n+00041220: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c Multiboot, mul\n+00041230: 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 tiboot2, BIOS ch\n+00041240: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 ainloader,.ntldr\n+00041250: 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f and freebsd-boo\n+00041260: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 tloader boot tar\n+00041270: 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 gets are tested \n+00041280: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 only with a fake\n+00041290: 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 .kernel images. \n+000412a0: 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 Only Linux is t\n+000412b0: 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 ested among the \n+000412c0: 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c payloads using L\n+000412d0: 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a inux.protocols..\n+000412e0: 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 . Following va\n+000412f0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 riables must be \n+00041300: 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 defined:..GRUB_P\n+00041310: 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 AYLOADS_DIR \n+00041320: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n+00041330: 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ining the requir\n+00041340: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f ed kernels.GRUB_\n+00041350: 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 CBFSTOOL \n+00041360: 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 cbfstool from \n+00041370: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 Coreboot package\n+00041380: 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 (for coreboot. \n+00041390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000413a0: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f platform o\n+000413b0: 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f nly).GRUB_COREBO\n+000413c0: 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 OT_ROM empt\n+000413d0: 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 y Coreboot ROM.G\n+000413e0: 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 RUB_QEMU_OPTS \n+000413f0: 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c additional\n+00041400: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 options to be s\n+00041410: 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a upplied to QEMU.\n+00041420: 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c . Required fil\n+00041430: 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 es are:..kfreebs\n+00041440: 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 d_env.i386 \n+00041450: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 32-bit kF\n+00041460: 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 reeBSD device hi\n+00041470: 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 nts.kfreebsd.i38\n+00041480: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+00041490: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 32-bit FreeBSD\n+000414a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 kernel image.kf\n+000414b0: 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 reebsd.x86_64, \n+000414c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 same\n+000414d0: 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 from 64-bit kFr\n+000414e0: 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 eeBSD.kfreebsd_e\n+000414f0: 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 nv.x86_64.knetbs\n+00041500: 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.i386 \n+00041510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 32-bit N\n+00041520: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 etBSD kernel ima\n+00041530: 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 ge.knetbsd.minir\n+00041540: 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot.i386 \n+00041550: 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 32-bit kNetBSD \n+00041560: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b miniroot.kmod..k\n+00041570: 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 netbsd.x86_64, \n+00041580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00041590: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e e from 64-bit kN\n+000415a0: 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 etBSD.knetbsd.mi\n+000415b0: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f niroot.x86_64.ko\n+000415c0: 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 penbsd.i386 \n+000415d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n+000415e0: 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 it OpenBSD kerne\n+000415f0: 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b l bsd.rd image.k\n+00041600: 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 openbsd.x86_64 \n+00041610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00041620: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f e from 64-bit kO\n+00041630: 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 penBSD.linux.i38\n+00041640: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+00041650: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 32-bit Linu\n+00041660: 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 x.linux.x86_64 \n 00041670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00041680: 2020 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 64-bit Linux..\n-00041690: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000416a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c o, Node: Troubl\n-000416b0: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 eshooting, Next\n-000416c0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000416d0: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 install, Prev: \n-000416e0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-000416f0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 s, Up: Top..22 \n-00041700: 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 Error messages p\n-00041710: 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a roduced by GRUB.\n+00041680: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 64-bit Linux....\n+00041690: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000416a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Node: Troubles\n+000416b0: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 hooting, Next: \n+000416c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+000416d0: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 stall, Prev: Su\n+000416e0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c pported kernels,\n+000416f0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 4572 Up: Top..22 Er\n+00041700: 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n+00041710: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a duced by GRUB.**\n 00041720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00041730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00041740: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 **..* Menu:..* G\n-00041750: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-00041760: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a a rescue shell::\n-00041770: 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c .* Firmware stal\n-00041780: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n-00041790: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a oting GRUB::....\n-000417a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000417b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c Node: GRUB onl\n-000417c0: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n-000417d0: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e shell, Next: \n-000417e0: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n-000417f0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n-00041800: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 ng GRUB, Up: Tr\n-00041810: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 oubleshooting..2\n-00041820: 322e 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 2.1 GRUB only of\n-00041830: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-00041840: 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ell.============\n+00041740: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 ..* Menu:..* GRU\n+00041750: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+00041760: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a rescue shell::.*\n+00041770: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n+00041780: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n+00041790: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing GRUB::....Fi\n+000417a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000417b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 Node: GRUB only \n+000417c0: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n+000417d0: 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 shell, Next: Fi\n+000417e0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+000417f0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00041800: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 GRUB, Up: Trou\n+00041810: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 322e bleshooting..22.\n+00041820: 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 1 GRUB only offe\n+00041830: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+00041840: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n 00041850: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00041860: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 ========..GRUB's\n-00041870: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 normal start-up\n-00041880: 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c procedure invol\n-00041890: 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 ves setting the \n-000418a0: 2770 7265 6669 7827 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 'prefix'.environ\n-000418b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f ment variable to\n-000418c0: 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 a value set in \n-000418d0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 the core image b\n-000418e0: 7920 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 y 'grub-install'\n-000418f0: 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2772 ,.setting the 'r\n-00041900: 6f6f 7427 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f oot' variable to\n-00041910: 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 match, loading \n-00041920: 7468 6520 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 the 'normal' mod\n-00041930: 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 ule from.the pre\n-00041940: 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 fix, and running\n-00041950: 2074 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 636f the 'normal' co\n-00041960: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mmand (*note nor\n-00041970: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f mal::). This.co\n-00041980: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 mmand is respons\n-00041990: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 ible for reading\n-000419a0: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 '/boot/grub/gru\n-000419b0: 622e 6366 6727 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 b.cfg', running \n-000419c0: 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f the.menu, and do\n-000419d0: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 ing all the usef\n-000419e0: 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 ul things GRUB i\n-000419f0: 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f s supposed to do\n-00041a00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 ... If, instea\n-00041a10: 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 d, you only get \n-00041a20: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-00041a30: 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 this usually mea\n-00041a40: 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 ns that.GRUB fai\n-00041a50: 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 led to load the \n-00041a60: 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c 6520 'normal' module \n-00041a70: 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e for some reason.\n-00041a80: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 It may be.poss\n-00041a90: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f ible to work aro\n-00041aa0: 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 und this tempora\n-00041ab0: 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e rily: for instan\n-00041ac0: 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f ce, if the reaso\n-00041ad0: 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 n.for the failur\n-00041ae0: 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 2770 7265 6669 e is that 'prefi\n-00041af0: 7827 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 x' is wrong (per\n-00041b00: 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 haps it refers t\n-00041b10: 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 o the.wrong devi\n-00041b20: 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 ce, or perhaps t\n-00041b30: 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2027 2f62 6f6f he path to '/boo\n-00041b40: 742f 6772 7562 2720 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 t/grub' was not \n-00041b50: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 correctly made.r\n-00041b60: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 elative to the d\n-00041b70: 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 evice), then you\n-00041b80: 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 can correct thi\n-00041b90: 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d s and enter norm\n-00041ba0: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 al mode.manually\n-00041bb0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 :.. # Inspec\n-00041bc0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 t the current pr\n-00041bd0: 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 efix (and other \n-00041be0: 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 preset variables\n-00041bf0: 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 ):. set. \n-00041c00: 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 # Find out whic\n-00041c10: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 h devices are av\n-00041c20: 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 ailable:. ls\n-00041c30: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 . # Set to t\n-00041c40: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 he correct value\n-00041c50: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 , which might be\n-00041c60: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 something like \n-00041c70: 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 this:. set p\n-00041c80: 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 refix=(hd0,1)/gr\n-00041c90: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 ub. set root\n-00041ca0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e =(hd0,1). in\n-00041cb0: 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 smod normal. \n-00041cc0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 normal.. Howe\n-00041cd0: 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d ver, any problem\n-00041ce0: 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 that leaves you\n-00041cf0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 in the rescue s\n-00041d00: 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 hell probably.me\n-00041d10: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 ans that GRUB wa\n-00041d20: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 s not correctly \n-00041d30: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d installed. It m\n-00041d40: 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 ay be more usefu\n-00041d50: 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e l to.try to rein\n-00041d60: 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c stall it properl\n-00041d70: 7920 7573 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 696e y using 'grub-in\n-00041d80: 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 2720 282a stall DEVICE' (*\n-00041d90: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n-00041da0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 ub-install::). \n-00041db0: 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c When doing this,\n-00041dc0: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 there are a few\n-00041dd0: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d things to remem\n-00041de0: 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 7269 7665 ber:.. * Drive\n-00041df0: 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 ordering in you\n-00041e00: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-00041e10: 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 em may not be th\n-00041e20: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 e same as the. \n-00041e30: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 boot drive or\n-00041e40: 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 dering used by y\n-00041e50: 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 our firmware. D\n-00041e60: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 o not assume tha\n-00041e70: 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 t your. firs\n-00041e80: 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e t hard drive (e.\n-00041e90: 672e 2020 272f 6465 762f 7364 6127 2920 g. '/dev/sda') \n-00041ea0: 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 is the one that \n-00041eb0: 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 your firmware. \n-00041ec0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f will boot fro\n-00041ed0: 6d2e 2020 2764 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7027 m. 'device.map'\n-00041ee0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d (*note Device m\n-00041ef0: 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ap::) can be use\n-00041f00: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 d to. overri\n-00041f10: 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 de this, but it \n-00041f20: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 is usually bette\n-00041f30: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f r to use UUIDs o\n-00041f40: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 r file system. \n-00041f50: 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 labels and av\n-00041f60: 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e oid depending on\n-00041f70: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 drive ordering \n-00041f80: 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 entirely... * \n-00041f90: 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 At least on BIOS\n-00041fa0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 systems, if you\n-00041fb0: 2074 656c 6c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 tell 'grub-inst\n-00041fc0: 616c 6c27 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a all' to install.\n-00041fd0: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 GRUB to a p\n-00041fe0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 artition but GRU\n-00041ff0: 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 B has already be\n-00042000: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 en installed in \n-00042010: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 the. master \n-00042020: 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 boot record, the\n-00042030: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 n the GRUB insta\n-00042040: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 llation in the p\n-00042050: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 artition. wi\n-00042060: 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a ll be ignored...\n-00042070: 2020 202a 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 * If possible\n-00042080: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c , it is generall\n-00042090: 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 y best to avoid \n-000420a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 installing GRUB \n-000420b0: 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 to a. partit\n-000420c0: 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 ion (unless it i\n-000420d0: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 s a special part\n-000420e0: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 ition for the us\n-000420f0: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 e of GRUB. a\n-00042100: 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 lone, such as th\n-00042110: 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 e BIOS Boot Part\n-00042120: 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 ition used on GP\n-00042130: 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 T). Doing this. \n-00042140: 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 means that G\n-00042150: 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 RUB may stop bei\n-00042160: 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 ng able to read \n-00042170: 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 its core image d\n-00042180: 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c ue to a. fil\n-00042190: 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 e system moving \n-000421a0: 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 blocks around, s\n-000421b0: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 uch as while def\n-000421c0: 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 ragmenting,. \n-000421d0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c running checks,\n-000421e0: 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 or even during \n-000421f0: 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal operation\n-00042200: 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f . Installing to\n-00042210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 the. whole \n-00042220: 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e disk device is n\n-00042230: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 ormally more rob\n-00042240: 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6865 636b ust... * Check\n-00042250: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 that GRUB actua\n-00042260: 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f lly knows how to\n-00042270: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 read from the d\n-00042280: 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 evice and file. \n-00042290: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 system conta\n-000422a0: 696e 696e 6720 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ining '/boot/gru\n-000422b0: 6227 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 b'. It will not\n-000422c0: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 be able to read\n-000422d0: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 from. encry\n-000422e0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 pted devices wit\n-000422f0: 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e h unsupported en\n-00042300: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c cryption scheme,\n-00042310: 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 nor from file. \n-00042320: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 systems for \n-00042330: 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 which support ha\n-00042340: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 s not yet been a\n-00042350: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a1f dded to GRUB....\n-00042360: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00042370: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Node: Firmwar\n-00042380: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00042390: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-000423a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Prev: GRUB on\n-000423b0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000423c0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ue shell, Up: T\n-000423d0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n-000423e0: 3232 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 22.2 Firmware st\n-000423f0: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n-00042400: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d booting GRUB.===\n+00041860: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ======..GRUB's n\n+00041870: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 ormal start-up p\n+00041880: 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 rocedure involve\n+00041890: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2770 s setting the 'p\n+000418a0: 7265 6669 7827 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 refix'.environme\n+000418b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 nt variable to a\n+000418c0: 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 value set in th\n+000418d0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e core image by \n+000418e0: 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2c0a 'grub-install',.\n+000418f0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2772 6f6f setting the 'roo\n+00041900: 7427 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d t' variable to m\n+00041910: 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 atch, loading th\n+00041920: 6520 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c e 'normal' modul\n+00041930: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 e from.the prefi\n+00041940: 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 x, and running t\n+00041950: 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 636f 6d6d he 'normal' comm\n+00041960: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 and (*note norma\n+00041970: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d l::). This.comm\n+00041980: 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 and is responsib\n+00041990: 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2027 le for reading '\n+000419a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000419b0: 6366 6727 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 cfg', running th\n+000419c0: 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e e.menu, and doin\n+000419d0: 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c g all the useful\n+000419e0: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 things GRUB is \n+000419f0: 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a supposed to do..\n+00041a00: 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c . If, instead,\n+00041a10: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 you only get a \n+00041a20: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 rescue shell, th\n+00041a30: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 is usually means\n+00041a40: 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 that.GRUB faile\n+00041a50: 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276e d to load the 'n\n+00041a60: 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f ormal' module fo\n+00041a70: 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 r some reason. \n+00041a80: 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 It may be.possib\n+00041a90: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e le to work aroun\n+00041aa0: 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 d this temporari\n+00041ab0: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ly: for instance\n+00041ac0: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a , if the reason.\n+00041ad0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 for the failure \n+00041ae0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 2770 7265 6669 7827 is that 'prefix'\n+00041af0: 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 is wrong (perha\n+00041b00: 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 ps it refers to \n+00041b10: 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 the.wrong device\n+00041b20: 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 , or perhaps the\n+00041b30: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f path to '/boot/\n+00041b40: 6772 7562 2720 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f grub' was not co\n+00041b50: 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c rrectly made.rel\n+00041b60: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 ative to the dev\n+00041b70: 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ice), then you c\n+00041b80: 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 an correct this \n+00041b90: 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c and enter normal\n+00041ba0: 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a mode.manually:.\n+00041bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 . # Inspect \n+00041bc0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 the current pref\n+00041bd0: 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ix (and other pr\n+00041be0: 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a eset variables):\n+00041bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 . set. #\n+00041c00: 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 Find out which \n+00041c10: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 devices are avai\n+00041c20: 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 lable:. ls. \n+00041c30: 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 # Set to the\n+00041c40: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 correct value, \n+00041c50: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 which might be s\n+00041c60: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 omething like th\n+00041c70: 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 is:. set pre\n+00041c80: 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 fix=(hd0,1)/grub\n+00041c90: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n+00041ca0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d hd0,1). insm\n+00041cb0: 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e od normal. n\n+00041cc0: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 ormal.. Howeve\n+00041cd0: 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 r, any problem t\n+00041ce0: 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 hat leaves you i\n+00041cf0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 n the rescue she\n+00041d00: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e ll probably.mean\n+00041d10: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 s that GRUB was \n+00041d20: 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e not correctly in\n+00041d30: 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 stalled. It may\n+00041d40: 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 be more useful \n+00041d50: 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 to.try to reinst\n+00041d60: 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 all it properly \n+00041d70: 7573 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 using 'grub-inst\n+00041d80: 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 2720 282a 6e6f all DEVICE' (*no\n+00041d90: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 te Invoking.grub\n+00041da0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 -install::). Wh\n+00041db0: 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 en doing this, t\n+00041dc0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 here are a few t\n+00041dd0: 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 hings to remembe\n+00041de0: 723a 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 7269 7665 206f r:.. * Drive o\n+00041df0: 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 rdering in your \n+00041e00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00041e10: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 may not be the \n+00041e20: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 same as the. \n+00041e30: 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 boot drive orde\n+00041e40: 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 ring used by you\n+00041e50: 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 r firmware. Do \n+00041e60: 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 not assume that \n+00041e70: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 your. first \n+00041e80: 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e hard drive (e.g.\n+00041e90: 2020 272f 6465 762f 7364 6127 2920 6973 '/dev/sda') is\n+00041ea0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f the one that yo\n+00041eb0: 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 ur firmware. \n+00041ec0: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e will boot from.\n+00041ed0: 2020 2764 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7027 2028 'device.map' (\n+00041ee0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 *note Device map\n+00041ef0: 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ::) can be used \n+00041f00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 to. override\n+00041f10: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 this, but it is\n+00041f20: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 usually better \n+00041f30: 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 to use UUIDs or \n+00041f40: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+00041f50: 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 labels and avoi\n+00041f60: 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 d depending on d\n+00041f70: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e rive ordering en\n+00041f80: 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4174 tirely... * At\n+00041f90: 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 least on BIOS s\n+00041fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 ystems, if you t\n+00041fb0: 656c 6c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ell 'grub-instal\n+00041fc0: 6c27 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 l' to install. \n+00041fd0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 GRUB to a par\n+00041fe0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 tition but GRUB \n+00041ff0: 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e has already been\n+00042000: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 installed in th\n+00042010: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f e. master bo\n+00042020: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 ot record, then \n+00042030: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c the GRUB install\n+00042040: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ation in the par\n+00042050: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c tition. will\n+00042060: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 be ignored... \n+00042070: 202a 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 * If possible, \n+00042080: 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 it is generally \n+00042090: 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e best to avoid in\n+000420a0: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f stalling GRUB to\n+000420b0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f a. partitio\n+000420c0: 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 n (unless it is \n+000420d0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 a special partit\n+000420e0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 ion for the use \n+000420f0: 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f of GRUB. alo\n+00042100: 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 ne, such as the \n+00042110: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+00042120: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 ion used on GPT)\n+00042130: 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 . Doing this. \n+00042140: 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 means that GRU\n+00042150: 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 B may stop being\n+00042160: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 able to read it\n+00042170: 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 s core image due\n+00042180: 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 to a. file \n+00042190: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c system moving bl\n+000421a0: 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 ocks around, suc\n+000421b0: 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 h as while defra\n+000421c0: 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 gmenting,. r\n+000421d0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f unning checks, o\n+000421e0: 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f r even during no\n+000421f0: 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 rmal operation. \n+00042200: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 Installing to t\n+00042210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 he. whole di\n+00042220: 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 sk device is nor\n+00042230: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 mally more robus\n+00042240: 742e 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6865 636b 2074 t... * Check t\n+00042250: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c hat GRUB actuall\n+00042260: 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 y knows how to r\n+00042270: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 ead from the dev\n+00042280: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ice and file. \n+00042290: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e system contain\n+000422a0: 696e 6720 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 ing '/boot/grub'\n+000422b0: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 . It will not b\n+000422c0: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 e able to read f\n+000422d0: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 rom. encrypt\n+000422e0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 ed devices with \n+000422f0: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 unsupported encr\n+00042300: 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e yption scheme, n\n+00042310: 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 or from file. \n+00042320: 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 systems for wh\n+00042330: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 ich support has \n+00042340: 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 not yet been add\n+00042350: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed to GRUB.....F\n+00042360: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00042370: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 Node: Firmware \n+00042380: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n+00042390: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 f booting GRUB, \n+000423a0: 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 Prev: GRUB only\n+000423b0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+000423c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f shell, Up: Tro\n+000423d0: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3232 ubleshooting..22\n+000423e0: 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c .2 Firmware stal\n+000423f0: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n+00042400: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d oting GRUB.=====\n 00042410: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042430: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 =========..The E\n-00042440: 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f FI implementatio\n-00042450: 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 n of some older \n-00042460: 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 MacBook laptops \n-00042470: 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 stalls when it g\n-00042480: 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 ets.presented a \n-00042490: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 grub-mkrescue IS\n-000424a0: 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f O image for x86_\n-000424b0: 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 64-efi target on\n-000424c0: 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 an USB.stick. \n-000424d0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 Affected are mod\n-000424e0: 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 els of year 2010\n-000424f0: 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f or earlier. Wo\n-00042500: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a rkaround is to.z\n-00042510: 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 eroize the bytes\n-00042520: 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 446 to 461 of t\n-00042530: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e he EFI partition\n-00042540: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 , where mformat \n-00042550: 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 has put.a partit\n-00042560: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 ion table entry \n-00042570: 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 which claims par\n-00042580: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 tition start at \n-00042590: 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 block 0. This.c\n-000425a0: 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 hange will not h\n-000425b0: 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 amper bootabilit\n-000425c0: 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 y on other machi\n-000425d0: 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nes.....File: gr\n-000425e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000425f0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n-00042600: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e stall, Next: In\n-00042610: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-00042620: 6e66 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f nfig, Prev: Tro\n-00042630: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ubleshooting, U\n-00042640: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2049 6e76 6f6b p: Top..23 Invok\n-00042650: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00042660: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00042670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 *********..The p\n-00042680: 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 rogram 'grub-ins\n-00042690: 7461 6c6c 2720 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 tall' generates \n-000426a0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 a GRUB core imag\n-000426b0: 6520 7573 696e 670a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b e using.'grub-mk\n-000426c0: 696d 6167 6527 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 image' and insta\n-000426d0: 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 lls it on your s\n-000426e0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 ystem. You must\n-000426f0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 specify the.dev\n-00042700: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 ice name on whic\n-00042710: 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e h you want to in\n-00042720: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 stall GRUB, like\n-00042730: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 this:.. gru\n-00042740: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c b-install INSTAL\n-00042750: 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 L_DEVICE.. The\n-00042760: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 device name INS\n-00042770: 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 TALL_DEVICE is a\n-00042780: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-00042790: 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 or a GRUB devic\n-000427a0: 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 e.name... 'gru\n-000427b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2061 6363 6570 b-install' accep\n-000427c0: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-000427d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 options:..'--he\n-000427e0: 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 lp'. Print a\n-000427f0: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00042800: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00042810: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00042820: 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 '--version'. \n-00042830: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00042840: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00042850: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d B and exit...'--\n-00042860: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 boot-directory=D\n-00042870: 4952 270a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c IR'. Install\n-00042880: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 GRUB images und\n-00042890: 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 er the directory\n-000428a0: 2027 4449 522f 6772 7562 2f27 2054 6869 'DIR/grub/' Thi\n-000428b0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 s option is. \n-000428c0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 useful when you\n-000428d0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c want to install\n-000428e0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 GRUB into a sep\n-000428f0: 6172 6174 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 arate partition \n-00042900: 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 or a. remova\n-00042910: 626c 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ble disk. If th\n-00042920: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 is option is not\n-00042930: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 specified then \n-00042940: 6974 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 it defaults. \n-00042950: 2074 6f20 272f 626f 6f74 272c 2073 6f0a to '/boot', so.\n-00042960: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d . grub-\n-00042970: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 install /dev/sda\n-00042980: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 .. is equiva\n-00042990: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lent to.. \n-000429a0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-000429b0: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-000429c0: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 =/boot/ /dev/sda\n-000429d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 .. Here is a\n-000429e0: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 n example in whi\n-000429f0: 6368 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 ch you have a se\n-00042a00: 7061 7261 7465 2022 626f 6f74 2220 7061 parate \"boot\" pa\n-00042a10: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 rtition. whi\n-00042a20: 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e ch is mounted on\n-00042a30: 2027 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7427 3a0a 0a20 '/mnt/boot':.. \n-00042a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00042a50: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n-00042a60: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 ectory=/mnt/boot\n-00042a70: 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0a27 2d2d 7265 /dev/sdb..'--re\n-00042a80: 6368 6563 6b27 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 check'. Rech\n-00042a90: 6563 6b20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d eck the device m\n-00042aa0: 6170 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 272f 626f ap, even if '/bo\n-00042ab0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d ot/grub/device.m\n-00042ac0: 6170 2720 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 ap' already. \n-00042ad0: 2065 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 exists. You sh\n-00042ae0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 ould use this op\n-00042af0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f tion whenever yo\n-00042b00: 7520 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 u add/remove a d\n-00042b10: 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 isk. into/fr\n-00042b20: 6f6d 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 om your computer\n-00042b30: 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 ...'--no-rs-code\n-00042b40: 7327 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 s'. By defau\n-00042b50: 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 lt on x86 BIOS s\n-00042b60: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 2767 7275 622d 696e ystems, 'grub-in\n-00042b70: 7374 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 stall' will use \n-00042b80: 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 some extra. \n-00042b90: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f space in the boo\n-00042ba0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e tloader embeddin\n-00042bb0: 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d g area for Reed-\n-00042bc0: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 Solomon. err\n-00042bd0: 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f or-correcting co\n-00042be0: 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c des. This enabl\n-00042bf0: 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c es GRUB to still\n-00042c00: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 boot. succe\n-00042c10: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 ssfully if some \n-00042c20: 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 blocks are corru\n-00042c30: 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 pted. The exact\n-00042c40: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 amount of. \n-00042c50: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 protection offer\n-00042c60: 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 ed is dependent \n-00042c70: 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 on available spa\n-00042c80: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce in the embedd\n-00042c90: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 ing. area. \n-00042ca0: 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 R sectors of red\n-00042cb0: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 undancy can tole\n-00042cc0: 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 rate up to R/2 c\n-00042cd0: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 orrupted. se\n-00042ce0: 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 ctors. This red\n-00042cf0: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 undancy may be c\n-00042d00: 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 umbersome if att\n-00042d10: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n-00042d20: 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c cryptographicall\n-00042d30: 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 y validate the c\n-00042d40: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ontents of the b\n-00042d50: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n-00042d60: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f ing. area, o\n-00042d70: 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e r in more modern\n-00042d80: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 systems with GP\n-00042d90: 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f T-style partitio\n-00042da0: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a n tables. (*\n-00042db0: 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c note BIOS instal\n-00042dc0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 lation::) where \n-00042dd0: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 GRUB does not re\n-00042de0: 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 side in any. \n-00042df0: 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 unpartitioned s\n-00042e00: 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 pace outside of \n-00042e10: 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 the MBR. Disable\n-00042e20: 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f the Reed-Solomo\n-00042e30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 n. codes wit\n-00042e40: 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a h this option...\n-00042e50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00042e60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00042e70: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00042e80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00042e90: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00042ea0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 pbkdf2, Prev: I\n-00042eb0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00042ec0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tall, Up: Top..\n-00042ed0: 3234 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 24 Invoking grub\n-00042ee0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a -mkconfig.******\n+00042430: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 4649 =======..The EFI\n+00042440: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 implementation \n+00042450: 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 of some older Ma\n+00042460: 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 7374 cBook laptops st\n+00042470: 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 6574 alls when it get\n+00042480: 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 6772 s.presented a gr\n+00042490: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 4f20 ub-mkrescue ISO \n+000424a0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f 3634 image for x86_64\n+000424b0: 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 -efi target on a\n+000424c0: 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 n USB.stick. Af\n+000424d0: 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 656c fected are model\n+000424e0: 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 206f s of year 2010 o\n+000424f0: 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f 726b r earlier. Work\n+00042500: 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 around is to.zer\n+00042510: 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2034 oize the bytes 4\n+00042520: 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 6865 46 to 461 of the\n+00042530: 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 EFI partition, \n+00042540: 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 where mformat ha\n+00042550: 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f s put.a partitio\n+00042560: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 7768 n table entry wh\n+00042570: 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 7469 ich claims parti\n+00042580: 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 626c tion start at bl\n+00042590: 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6861 ock 0. This.cha\n+000425a0: 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 616d nge will not ham\n+000425b0: 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 7920 per bootability \n+000425c0: 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 on other machine\n+000425d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000425e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+000425f0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n+00042600: 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f all, Next: Invo\n+00042610: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00042620: 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 ig, Prev: Troub\n+00042630: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a leshooting, Up:\n+00042640: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e Top..23 Invokin\n+00042650: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a2a g grub-install.*\n+00042660: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00042670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f *******..The pro\n+00042680: 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 gram 'grub-insta\n+00042690: 6c6c 2720 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 ll' generates a \n+000426a0: 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 GRUB core image \n+000426b0: 7573 696e 670a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d using.'grub-mkim\n+000426c0: 6167 6527 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c age' and install\n+000426d0: 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 7973 s it on your sys\n+000426e0: 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2073 tem. You must s\n+000426f0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 6963 pecify the.devic\n+00042700: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 e name on which \n+00042710: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e 7374 you want to inst\n+00042720: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 all GRUB, like t\n+00042730: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d his:.. grub-\n+00042740: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c 4c5f install INSTALL_\n+00042750: 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 DEVICE.. The d\n+00042760: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 evice name INSTA\n+00042770: 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 6e20 LL_DEVICE is an \n+00042780: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f OS device name o\n+00042790: 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 650a r a GRUB device.\n+000427a0: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d name... 'grub-\n+000427b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2061 6363 6570 7473 install' accepts\n+000427c0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+000427d0: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 ptions:..'--help\n+000427e0: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 '. Print a s\n+000427f0: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00042800: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00042810: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d ns and exit...'-\n+00042820: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 -version'. P\n+00042830: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00042840: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00042850: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 626f and exit...'--bo\n+00042860: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 ot-directory=DIR\n+00042870: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 '. Install G\n+00042880: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 RUB images under\n+00042890: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2027 the directory '\n+000428a0: 4449 522f 6772 7562 2f27 2054 6869 7320 DIR/grub/' This \n+000428b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 option is. u\n+000428c0: 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 seful when you w\n+000428d0: 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 ant to install G\n+000428e0: 5255 4220 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 RUB into a separ\n+000428f0: 6174 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 ate partition or\n+00042900: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c a. removabl\n+00042910: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 e disk. If this\n+00042920: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 option is not s\n+00042930: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 pecified then it\n+00042940: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 defaults. t\n+00042950: 6f20 272f 626f 6f74 272c 2073 6f0a 0a20 o '/boot', so.. \n+00042960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n+00042970: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n+00042980: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 is equivale\n+00042990: 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt to.. \n+000429a0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+000429b0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n+000429c0: 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a boot/ /dev/sda..\n+000429d0: 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 Here is an \n+000429e0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 example in which\n+000429f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 you have a sepa\n+00042a00: 7261 7465 2022 626f 6f74 2220 7061 7274 rate \"boot\" part\n+00042a10: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 ition. which\n+00042a20: 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 2027 is mounted on '\n+00042a30: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7427 3a0a 0a20 2020 /mnt/boot':.. \n+00042a40: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n+00042a50: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+00042a60: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n+00042a70: 6465 762f 7364 620a 0a27 2d2d 7265 6368 dev/sdb..'--rech\n+00042a80: 6563 6b27 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 eck'. Rechec\n+00042a90: 6b20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 k the device map\n+00042aa0: 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 272f 626f 6f74 , even if '/boot\n+00042ab0: 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 /grub/device.map\n+00042ac0: 2720 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 ' already. e\n+00042ad0: 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 xists. You shou\n+00042ae0: 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ld use this opti\n+00042af0: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 on whenever you \n+00042b00: 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 add/remove a dis\n+00042b10: 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d k. into/from\n+00042b20: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a your computer..\n+00042b30: 0a27 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 7327 .'--no-rs-codes'\n+00042b40: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n+00042b50: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 on x86 BIOS sys\n+00042b60: 7465 6d73 2c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 tems, 'grub-inst\n+00042b70: 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 736f all' will use so\n+00042b80: 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 7370 me extra. sp\n+00042b90: 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c ace in the bootl\n+00042ba0: 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 oader embedding \n+00042bb0: 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d 536f area for Reed-So\n+00042bc0: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 6f72 lomon. error\n+00042bd0: 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f 6465 -correcting code\n+00042be0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6573 s. This enables\n+00042bf0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 GRUB to still b\n+00042c00: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 7373 oot. success\n+00042c10: 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 626c fully if some bl\n+00042c20: 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 7074 ocks are corrupt\n+00042c30: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 2061 ed. The exact a\n+00042c40: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7072 mount of. pr\n+00042c50: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 6564 otection offered\n+00042c60: 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e is dependent on\n+00042c70: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 available space\n+00042c80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e in the embeddin\n+00042c90: 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 5220 g. area. R \n+00042ca0: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 756e sectors of redun\n+00042cb0: 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 dancy can tolera\n+00042cc0: 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 te up to R/2 cor\n+00042cd0: 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 rupted. sect\n+00042ce0: 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 756e ors. This redun\n+00042cf0: 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 756d dancy may be cum\n+00042d00: 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 656d bersome if attem\n+00042d10: 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6372 pting to. cr\n+00042d20: 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 yptographically \n+00042d30: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6e validate the con\n+00042d40: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f tents of the boo\n+00042d50: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e tloader embeddin\n+00042d60: 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f 7220 g. area, or \n+00042d70: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 in more modern s\n+00042d80: 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 542d ystems with GPT-\n+00042d90: 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 style partition \n+00042da0: 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f tables. (*no\n+00042db0: 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 te BIOS installa\n+00042dc0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 4752 tion::) where GR\n+00042dd0: 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 UB does not resi\n+00042de0: 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 2075 de in any. u\n+00042df0: 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 npartitioned spa\n+00042e00: 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 ce outside of th\n+00042e10: 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 2074 e MBR. Disable t\n+00042e20: 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a he Reed-Solomon.\n+00042e30: 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 6820 codes with \n+00042e40: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a this option.....\n+00042e50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00042e60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00042e70: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 grub-mkconfig, \n+00042e80: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00042e90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00042ea0: 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 kdf2, Prev: Inv\n+00042eb0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00042ec0: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 ll, Up: Top..24\n+00042ed0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00042ee0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a kconfig.********\n 00042ef0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00042f00: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ***..The program\n-00042f10: 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 'grub-mkconfig'\n-00042f20: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e generates a con\n-00042f30: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00042f40: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 for GRUB.(*note \n-00042f50: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n-00042f60: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 tion::)... g\n-00042f70: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 rub-mkconfig -o \n-00042f80: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n-00042f90: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b cfg.. 'grub-mk\n-00042fa0: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 6163 6365 7074 7320 config' accepts \n-00042fb0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n-00042fc0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 tions:..'--help'\n-00042fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00042fe0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00042ff0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00043000: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d s and exit...'--\n-00043010: 7665 7273 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 version'. Pr\n-00043020: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00043030: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00043040: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6f20 4649 nd exit...'-o FI\n-00043050: 4c45 270a 272d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 LE'.'--output=FI\n-00043060: 4c45 270a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 LE'. Send th\n-00043070: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 e generated conf\n-00043080: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 iguration file t\n-00043090: 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 o FILE. The def\n-000430a0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ault is to. \n-000430b0: 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 send it to stand\n-000430c0: 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ard output.....F\n-000430d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000430e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n-000430f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00043100: 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 kdf2, Next: Inv\n-00043110: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-00043120: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 path, Prev: Inv\n-00043130: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00043140: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 fig, Up: Top..2\n-00043150: 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 5 Invoking grub-\n-00043160: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+00042f00: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 *..The program '\n+00042f10: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2067 grub-mkconfig' g\n+00042f20: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 enerates a confi\n+00042f30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f guration file fo\n+00042f40: 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 r GRUB.(*note Si\n+00042f50: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+00042f60: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 on::)... gru\n+00042f70: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 b-mkconfig -o /b\n+00042f80: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+00042f90: 670a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f g.. 'grub-mkco\n+00042fa0: 6e66 6967 2720 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 nfig' accepts th\n+00042fb0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00042fc0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 ons:..'--help'. \n+00042fd0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00042fe0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00042ff0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00043000: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 and exit...'--ve\n+00043010: 7273 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e rsion'. Prin\n+00043020: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n+00043030: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n+00043040: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6f20 4649 4c45 exit...'-o FILE\n+00043050: 270a 272d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 '.'--output=FILE\n+00043060: 270a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 '. Send the \n+00043070: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 generated config\n+00043080: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 uration file to \n+00043090: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 FILE. The defau\n+000430a0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 lt is to. se\n+000430b0: 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 nd it to standar\n+000430c0: 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d output.....Fil\n+000430d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000430e0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+000430f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00043100: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b f2, Next: Invok\n+00043110: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00043120: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b th, Prev: Invok\n+00043130: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00043140: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3520 g, Up: Top..25 \n+00043150: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00043160: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 2a2a passwd-pbkdf2.**\n 00043170: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043180: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043190: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 ..The program 'g\n-000431a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-000431b0: 6466 3227 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 df2' generates p\n-000431c0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 assword hashes f\n-000431d0: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 or GRUB.(*note S\n-000431e0: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 ecurity::)... \n-000431f0: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d grub-mkpasswd-\n-00043200: 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 pbkdf2.. 'grub\n-00043210: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00043220: 2720 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f ' accepts the fo\n-00043230: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00043240: 0a0a 272d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 272d ..'-c NUMBER'.'-\n-00043250: 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 -iteration-count\n-00043260: 3d4e 554d 4245 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 =NUMBER'. Nu\n-00043270: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 696f mber of iteratio\n-00043280: 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 726c ns of the underl\n-00043290: 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 ying pseudo-rand\n-000432a0: 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 om function.. \n-000432b0: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3130 Defaults to 10\n-000432c0: 3030 302e 0a0a 272d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 000...'-l NUMBER\n-000432d0: 270a 272d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 '.'--buflen=NUMB\n-000432e0: 4552 270a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 ER'. Length \n-000432f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 of the generated\n-00043300: 2068 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 hash. Defaults\n-00043310: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a27 2d73 204e 554d to 64...'-s NUM\n-00043320: 4245 5227 0a27 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d BER'.'--salt=NUM\n-00043330: 4245 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 BER'. Length\n-00043340: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 of the salt. D\n-00043350: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a efaults to 64...\n-00043360: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00043370: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00043380: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-00043390: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 h, Next: Invoki\n-000433a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-000433b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-000433c0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-000433d0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 pbkdf2, Up: Top\n-000433e0: 0a0a 3236 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ..26 Invoking gr\n-000433f0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a2a 2a2a ub-mkrelpath.***\n+00043180: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00043190: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+000431a0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000431b0: 3227 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 2' generates pas\n+000431c0: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 sword hashes for\n+000431d0: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 GRUB.(*note Sec\n+000431e0: 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 urity::)... \n+000431f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00043200: 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d kdf2.. 'grub-m\n+00043210: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 kpasswd-pbkdf2' \n+00043220: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00043230: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+00043240: 272d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 272d 2d69 '-c NUMBER'.'--i\n+00043250: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e teration-count=N\n+00043260: 554d 4245 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 UMBER'. Numb\n+00043270: 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 er of iterations\n+00043280: 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 of the underlyi\n+00043290: 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d ng pseudo-random\n+000432a0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 function.. \n+000432b0: 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 Defaults to 1000\n+000432c0: 302e 0a0a 272d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 0...'-l NUMBER'.\n+000432d0: 272d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 '--buflen=NUMBER\n+000432e0: 270a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 '. Length of\n+000432f0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n+00043300: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n+00043310: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a27 2d73 204e 554d 4245 o 64...'-s NUMBE\n+00043320: 5227 0a27 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 R'.'--salt=NUMBE\n+00043330: 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f R'. Length o\n+00043340: 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 f the salt. Def\n+00043350: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a aults to 64.....\n+00043360: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00043370: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00043380: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c grub-mkrelpath,\n+00043390: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n+000433a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n+000433b0: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n+000433c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+000433d0: 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a kdf2, Up: Top..\n+000433e0: 3236 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 26 Invoking grub\n+000433f0: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a -mkrelpath.*****\n 00043400: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043410: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f *******..The pro\n-00043420: 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c gram 'grub-mkrel\n-00043430: 7061 7468 2720 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 path' makes a fi\n-00043440: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 le system path r\n-00043450: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 elative to the.r\n-00043460: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 oot of its conta\n-00043470: 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ining file syste\n-00043480: 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 m. For instance\n-00043490: 2c20 6966 2027 2f75 7372 2720 6973 2061 , if '/usr' is a\n-000434a0: 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 mount.point, th\n-000434b0: 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 en:.. $ grub\n-000434c0: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f -mkrelpath /usr/\n-000434d0: 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f share/grub/unico\n-000434e0: 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 272f 7368 de.pf2. '/sh\n-000434f0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 are/grub/unicode\n-00043500: 2e70 6632 270a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 .pf2'.. This i\n-00043510: 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e s mainly used in\n-00043520: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 ternally by othe\n-00043530: 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 r GRUB utilities\n-00043540: 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a27 6772 7562 2d6d such as.'grub-m\n-00043550: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 kconfig' (*note \n-00043560: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00043570: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d config::), but m\n-00043580: 6179 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a ay occasionally.\n-00043590: 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 also be useful f\n-000435a0: 6f72 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 or debugging... \n-000435b0: 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 'grub-mkrelpat\n-000435c0: 6827 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 h' accepts the f\n-000435d0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-000435e0: 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 :..'--help'. \n-000435f0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n-00043600: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n-00043610: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n-00043620: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 exit...'--versi\n-00043630: 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 on'. Print t\n-00043640: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00043650: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-00043660: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n-00043670: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-00043680: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00043690: 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e escue, Next: In\n-000436a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n-000436b0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 t, Prev: Invoki\n-000436c0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n-000436d0: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3720 h, Up: Top..27 \n-000436e0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000436f0: 7265 7363 7565 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rescue.*********\n-00043700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043710: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 ..The program 'g\n-00043720: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 6765 rub-mkrescue' ge\n-00043730: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 nerates a bootab\n-00043740: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 le GRUB rescue i\n-00043750: 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 mage.(*note Maki\n-00043760: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00043770: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 le CD-ROM::)... \n-00043780: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 grub-mkrescu\n-00043790: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n-000437a0: 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 All arguments \n-000437b0: 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c not explicitly l\n-000437c0: 6973 7465 6420 6173 2027 6772 7562 2d6d isted as 'grub-m\n-000437d0: 6b72 6573 6375 6527 206f 7074 696f 6e73 krescue' options\n-000437e0: 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 are.passed on d\n-000437f0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 2027 786f 7272 irectly to 'xorr\n-00043800: 6973 6f27 2069 6e20 276d 6b69 736f 6673 iso' in 'mkisofs\n-00043810: 2720 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 ' emulation mode\n-00043820: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 . Options.passe\n-00043830: 6420 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 2077 d to 'xorriso' w\n-00043840: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 ill normally be \n-00043850: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2027 interpreted as '\n-00043860: 6d6b 6973 6f66 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e73 mkisofs' options\n-00043870: 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ;.if the option \n-00043880: 272d 2d27 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 '--' is used, th\n-00043890: 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 en anything afte\n-000438a0: 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 r that will be i\n-000438b0: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 nterpreted.as na\n-000438c0: 7469 7665 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 206f tive 'xorriso' o\n-000438d0: 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d ptions... Non-\n-000438e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 option arguments\n-000438f0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f specify additio\n-00043900: 6e61 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 nal source direc\n-00043910: 746f 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tories. This is\n-00043920: 0a63 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 .commonly used t\n-00043930: 6f20 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 o add extra file\n-00043940: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a s to the image:.\n-00043950: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 . mkdir -p d\n-00043960: 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 isk/boot/grub. \n-00043970: 2020 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 (add extra fi\n-00043980: 6c65 7320 746f 2027 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f les to 'disk/boo\n-00043990: 742f 6772 7562 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6772 t/grub'). gr\n-000439a0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n-000439b0: 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 rub.iso disk.. \n-000439c0: 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 'grub-mkrescue'\n-000439d0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-000439e0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-000439f0: 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 .'--help'. P\n-00043a00: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n-00043a10: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n-00043a20: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n-00043a30: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e xit...'--version\n-00043a40: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 '. Print the\n-00043a50: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00043a60: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n-00043a70: 2e0a 0a27 2d6f 2046 494c 4527 0a27 2d2d ...'-o FILE'.'--\n-00043a80: 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 output=FILE'. \n-00043a90: 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e Save output in\n-00043aa0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 FILE. This \"op\n-00043ab0: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 tion\" is require\n-00043ac0: 642e 0a0a 272d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d d...'--modules=M\n-00043ad0: 4f44 554c 4553 270a 2020 2020 2050 7265 ODULES'. Pre\n-00043ae0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 -load the named \n-00043af0: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 GRUB modules in \n-00043b00: 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 the image. Mult\n-00043b10: 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a iple entries in.\n-00043b20: 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f MODULES sho\n-00043b30: 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 uld be separated\n-00043b40: 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 by whitespace (\n-00043b50: 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 so you will prob\n-00043b60: 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 ably. need t\n-00043b70: 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 o quote this for\n-00043b80: 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0a27 your shell)...'\n-00043b90: 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --rom-directory=\n-00043ba0: 4449 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e DIR'. If gen\n-00043bb0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 erating images f\n-00043bc0: 6f72 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 or the QEMU or C\n-00043bd0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d oreboot platform\n-00043be0: 732c 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 s, copy the. \n-00043bf0: 2072 6573 756c 7469 6e67 2027 7165 6d75 resulting 'qemu\n-00043c00: 2e69 6d67 2720 6f72 2027 636f 7265 626f .img' or 'corebo\n-00043c10: 6f74 2e65 6c66 2720 6669 6c65 7320 7265 ot.elf' files re\n-00043c20: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 spectively to th\n-00043c30: 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 e. DIR direc\n-00043c40: 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 tory as well as \n-00043c50: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 including them i\n-00043c60: 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 272d n the image...'-\n-00043c70: 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 -xorriso=FILE'. \n-00043c80: 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Use FILE as \n-00043c90: 7468 6520 2778 6f72 7269 736f 2720 7072 the 'xorriso' pr\n-00043ca0: 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 ogram, rather th\n-00043cb0: 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a an the built-in.\n-00043cc0: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a27 default...'\n-00043cd0: 2d2d 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 --grub-mkimage=F\n-00043ce0: 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 ILE'. Use FI\n-00043cf0: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d LE as the 'grub-\n-00043d00: 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 2070 726f 6772 616d mkimage' program\n-00043d10: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n-00043d20: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n-00043d30: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n-00043d40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00043d50: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00043d60: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 b-mount, Next: \n-00043d70: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-00043d80: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f obe, Prev: Invo\n-00043d90: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00043da0: 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3238 ue, Up: Top..28\n-00043db0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00043dc0: 6f75 6e74 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ount.***********\n-00043dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n-00043de0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d program 'grub-m\n-00043df0: 6f75 6e74 2720 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 ount' performs a\n-00043e00: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n-00043e10: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 of any file sys\n-00043e20: 7465 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 tem.or file syst\n-00043e30: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n-00043e40: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 UB understands, \n-00043e50: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c using GRUB's fil\n-00043e60: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 e system.drivers\n-00043e70: 2076 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 via FUSE. (It i\n-00043e80: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00043e90: 2069 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 if FUSE develop\n-00043ea0: 6d65 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a ment files were.\n-00043eb0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 present when GRU\n-00043ec0: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 B was built.) T\n-00043ed0: 6869 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 his has a number\n-00043ee0: 206f 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 of uses:.. * \n-00043ef0: 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f It provides a co\n-00043f00: 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 nvenient way to \n-00043f10: 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 check how GRUB w\n-00043f20: 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a ill view a file.\n-00043f30: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 system at b\n-00043f40: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 oot time. You c\n-00043f50: 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f an use normal co\n-00043f60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 mmand-line tools\n-00043f70: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 to. compare\n-00043f80: 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 that view with \n-00043f90: 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 that of your ope\n-00043fa0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d rating system, m\n-00043fb0: 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 aking it. ea\n-00043fc0: 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e sy to find bugs.\n-00043fd0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 .. * It offers\n-00043fe0: 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 true read-only \n-00043ff0: 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 mounts. Linux d\n-00044000: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 oes not have the\n-00044010: 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 se for. jour\n-00044020: 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 nalling file sys\n-00044030: 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 tems, because it\n-00044040: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 will always att\n-00044050: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 empt to replay. \n-00044060: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 the journal \n-00044070: 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 at mount time; w\n-00044080: 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d hile you can tem\n-00044090: 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 porarily mark th\n-000440a0: 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 e block. dev\n-000440b0: 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f ice read-only to\n-000440c0: 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 avoid this, tha\n-000440d0: 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 t causes the mou\n-000440e0: 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 nt to fail.. \n-000440f0: 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 Since GRUB inte\n-00044100: 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 ntionally contai\n-00044110: 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 ns no code for w\n-00044120: 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 riting to file. \n-00044130: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 systems, it \n-00044140: 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 can easily provi\n-00044150: 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 de a guaranteed \n-00044160: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a read-only mount.\n-00044170: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a mechanism..\n-00044180: 0a20 2020 2a20 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 . * It allows \n-00044190: 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 you to examine a\n-000441a0: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 ny file system t\n-000441b0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 hat GRUB underst\n-000441c0: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 ands. withou\n-000441d0: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 t needing to loa\n-000441e0: 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 d additional mod\n-000441f0: 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 ules into your r\n-00044200: 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e unning. kern\n-00044210: 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 el, which may be\n-00044220: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 useful in const\n-00044230: 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 rained environme\n-00044240: 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 nts such as. \n-00044250: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 installers... \n-00044260: 202a 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 6e20 * Since it can \n-00044270: 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 examine file sys\n-00044280: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f 6e74 tem images (cont\n-00044290: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c 6172 ained in regular\n-000442a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a 7573 . files) jus\n-000442b0: 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 2066 t as easily as f\n-000442c0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 ile systems on b\n-000442d0: 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 796f lock devices, yo\n-000442e0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2069 u can use. i\n-000442f0: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 6e79 t to inspect any\n-00044300: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 file system ima\n-00044310: 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 ge that GRUB und\n-00044320: 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6f6e erstands with on\n-00044330: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 2070 ly. enough p\n-00044340: 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 7365 rivileges to use\n-00044350: 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 206e FUSE, even if n\n-00044360: 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 7772 obody has yet wr\n-00044370: 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 5553 itten a. FUS\n-00044380: 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 E module specifi\n-00044390: 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 2066 cally for that f\n-000443a0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 652e ile system type.\n-000443b0: 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2027 6772 7562 .. Using 'grub\n-000443c0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2720 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 -mount' is norma\n-000443d0: 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 lly as simple as\n-000443e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 :.. grub-mou\n-000443f0: 6e74 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e nt /dev/sda1 /mn\n-00044400: 740a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e t.. 'grub-moun\n-00044410: 7427 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e t' must be given\n-00044420: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 one or more ima\n-00044430: 6765 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 ges and a mount \n-00044440: 706f 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 point as.non-opt\n-00044450: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 ion arguments (i\n-00044460: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f f it is given mo\n-00044470: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 re than one imag\n-00044480: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 e, it will treat\n-00044490: 0a74 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 .them as a RAID \n-000444a0: 7365 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 set), and also a\n-000444b0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-000444c0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 wing options:..'\n-000444d0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 --help'. Pri\n-000444e0: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-000444f0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00044500: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00044510: 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a t...'--version'.\n-00044520: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00044530: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00044540: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00044550: 0a27 2d43 270a 272d 2d63 7279 7074 6f27 .'-C'.'--crypto'\n-00044560: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 . Mount encr\n-00044570: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 ypted devices, p\n-00044580: 726f 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 rompting for a p\n-00044590: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 assphrase if nec\n-000445a0: 6573 7361 7279 2e0a 0a27 2d64 2053 5452 essary...'-d STR\n-000445b0: 494e 4727 0a27 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 ING'.'--debug=ST\n-000445c0: 5249 4e47 270a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 RING'. Show \n-000445d0: 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 debugging output\n-000445e0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 for conditions \n-000445f0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e 472e matching STRING.\n-00044600: 0a0a 272d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c ..'-K prompt|FIL\n-00044610: 4527 0a27 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 E'.'--zfs-key=pr\n-00044620: 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 ompt|FILE'. \n-00044630: 4c6f 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 Load a ZFS encry\n-00044640: 7074 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 ption key. If y\n-00044650: 6f75 2075 7365 2027 7072 6f6d 7074 2720 ou use 'prompt' \n-00044660: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c as the argument,\n-00044670: 0a20 2020 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e . 'grub-moun\n-00044680: 7427 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 2070 t' will read a p\n-00044690: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 assphrase from t\n-000446a0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 he terminal; oth\n-000446b0: 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7420 erwise,. it \n-000446c0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 will read key ma\n-000446d0: 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 terial from the \n-000446e0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a specified file..\n-000446f0: 0a27 2d72 2044 4556 4943 4527 0a27 2d2d .'-r DEVICE'.'--\n-00044700: 726f 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 4527 0a20 2020 root=DEVICE'. \n-00044710: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 Set the GRUB r\n-00044720: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 oot device to DE\n-00044730: 5649 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f VICE. You do no\n-00044740: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 t normally need \n-00044750: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 to. set this\n-00044760: 3b20 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 2077 ; 'grub-mount' w\n-00044770: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-00044780: 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 y set the root d\n-00044790: 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 evice to. th\n-000447a0: 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 e root of the su\n-000447b0: 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 pplied file syst\n-000447c0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 em... If DEV\n-000447d0: 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 ICE is just a nu\n-000447e0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 mber, then it wi\n-000447f0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ll be treated as\n-00044800: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 a partition. \n-00044810: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 number within \n-00044820: 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 the supplied ima\n-00044830: 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 ge. This means \n-00044840: 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 that, if you hav\n-00044850: 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 e an. image \n-00044860: 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 of an entire dis\n-00044870: 6b20 696e 2027 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 272c k in 'disk.img',\n-00044880: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 then you can us\n-00044890: 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d e this. comm\n-000448a0: 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 and to mount its\n-000448b0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f second partitio\n-000448c0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 n:.. gr\n-000448d0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 6469 ub-mount -r 2 di\n-000448e0: 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 sk.img mount-poi\n-000448f0: 6e74 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 nt..'-v'.'--verb\n-00044900: 6f73 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ose'. Print \n-00044910: 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 verbose messages\n-00044920: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00044930: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n-00044940: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n-00044950: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00044960: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n-00044970: 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f eck, Prev: Invo\n-00044980: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c king grub-mount,\n-00044990: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3920 496e Up: Top..29 In\n-000449a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-000449b0: 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e.**************\n-000449c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ********..The pr\n-000449d0: 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 ogram 'grub-prob\n-000449e0: 6527 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 6365 e' probes device\n-000449f0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 information for\n-00044a00: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 a given path or\n-00044a10: 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 .device... g\n-00044a20: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 rub-probe --targ\n-00044a30: 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 et=fs /boot/grub\n-00044a40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 . grub-probe\n-00044a50: 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 6520 --target=drive \n-00044a60: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f 7364 --device /dev/sd\n-00044a70: 6131 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d70 726f a1.. 'grub-pro\n-00044a80: 6265 2720 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 be' must be give\n-00044a90: 6e20 6120 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 n a path or devi\n-00044aa0: 6365 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ce as a non-opti\n-00044ab0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 on argument,.and\n-00044ac0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 also accepts th\n-00044ad0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n-00044ae0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 ons:..'--help'. \n-00044af0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-00044b00: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-00044b10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-00044b20: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 and exit...'--ve\n-00044b30: 7273 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e rsion'. Prin\n-00044b40: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00044b50: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00044b60: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6427 0a27 2d2d exit...'-d'.'--\n-00044b70: 6465 7669 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 device'. If \n-00044b80: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 this option is g\n-00044b90: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e iven, then the n\n-00044ba0: 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 on-option argume\n-00044bb0: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 nt is a system. \n-00044bc0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 device name \n-00044bd0: 2873 7563 6820 6173 2027 2f64 6576 2f73 (such as '/dev/s\n-00044be0: 6461 3127 292c 2061 6e64 2027 6772 7562 da1'), and 'grub\n-00044bf0: 2d70 726f 6265 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 -probe' will pri\n-00044c00: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 nt. informat\n-00044c10: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 ion about that d\n-00044c20: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 evice. If it is\n-00044c30: 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e not given, then\n-00044c40: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 the. non-op\n-00044c50: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n-00044c60: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 a filesystem pa\n-00044c70: 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 272f 626f th (such as '/bo\n-00044c80: 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 292c 0a20 2020 2020 ot/grub'),. \n-00044c90: 616e 6420 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 and 'grub-probe'\n-00044ca0: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f will print info\n-00044cb0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rmation about th\n-00044cc0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e e device contain\n-00044cd0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 ing. that pa\n-00044ce0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 rt of the filesy\n-00044cf0: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a27 2d6d 2046 494c 4527 stem...'-m FILE'\n-00044d00: 0a27 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 .'--device-map=F\n-00044d10: 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 ILE'. Use FI\n-00044d20: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 LE as the device\n-00044d30: 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 map (*note Devi\n-00044d40: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 ce map::) rather\n-00044d50: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 than the. d\n-00044d60: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 efault, usually \n-00044d70: 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 '/boot/grub/devi\n-00044d80: 6365 2e6d 6170 272e 0a0a 272d 7420 5441 ce.map'...'-t TA\n-00044d90: 5247 4554 270a 272d 2d74 6172 6765 743d RGET'.'--target=\n-00044da0: 5441 5247 4554 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 TARGET'. Pri\n-00044db0: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 nt information a\n-00044dc0: 626f 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 bout the given p\n-00044dd0: 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 ath or device as\n-00044de0: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 defined by. \n-00044df0: 2054 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 TARGET. The av\n-00044e00: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 ailable targets \n-00044e10: 616e 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e and their meanin\n-00044e20: 6773 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2766 gs are:.. 'f\n-00044e30: 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 s'. GRU\n-00044e40: 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 B filesystem mod\n-00044e50: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2766 735f 7575 ule.. 'fs_uu\n-00044e60: 6964 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 id'. Fi\n-00044e70: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 7273 lesystem Univers\n-00044e80: 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e ally Unique Iden\n-00044e90: 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e 0a20 tifier (UUID).. \n-00044ea0: 2020 2020 2766 735f 6c61 6265 6c27 0a20 'fs_label'. \n-00044eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 Filesys\n-00044ec0: 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 tem label.. \n-00044ed0: 2764 7269 7665 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 'drive'. \n-00044ee0: 2020 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 GRUB device na\n-00044ef0: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6465 7669 6365 me.. 'device\n-00044f00: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 '. Syst\n-00044f10: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a em device name..\n-00044f20: 2020 2020 2027 7061 7274 6d61 7027 0a20 'partmap'. \n-00044f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7061 GRUB pa\n-00044f40: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f 6475 rtition map modu\n-00044f50: 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6162 7374 7261 le.. 'abstra\n-00044f60: 6374 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ction'. \n-00044f70: 2047 5255 4220 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f GRUB abstractio\n-00044f80: 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 n module (e.g. \n-00044f90: 276c 766d 2729 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6372 'lvm').. 'cr\n-00044fa0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 6427 0a20 yptodisk_uuid'. \n-00044fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 Crypto \n-00044fc0: 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 device UUID.. \n-00044fd0: 2020 276d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 'msdos_parttyp\n-00044fe0: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4252 e'. MBR\n-00044ff0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 partition type \n-00045000: 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 6465 code (two hexade\n-00045010: 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e 0a20 cimal digits).. \n-00045020: 2020 2020 2768 696e 7473 5f73 7472 696e 'hints_strin\n-00045030: 6727 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 g'. A s\n-00045040: 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 tring of platfor\n-00045050: 6d20 7365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 m search hints s\n-00045060: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 uitable for pass\n-00045070: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ing to the. \n-00045080: 2020 2020 2027 7365 6172 6368 2720 636f 'search' co\n-00045090: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 mmand (*note sea\n-000450a0: 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6269 rch::).. 'bi\n-000450b0: 6f73 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 os_hints'. \n-000450c0: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n-000450d0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 for the PC BIOS\n-000450e0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 platform.. \n-000450f0: 2769 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 7327 'ieee1275_hints'\n-00045100: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n-00045110: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 h hints for the \n-00045120: 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 IEEE1275 platfor\n-00045130: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6172 656d 6574 m.. 'baremet\n-00045140: 616c 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 al_hints'. \n-00045150: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n-00045160: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 for platforms w\n-00045170: 6865 7265 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 here disks are a\n-00045180: 6464 7265 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c ddressed directl\n-00045190: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 y. rath\n-000451a0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d er than via firm\n-000451b0: 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6566 695f ware.. 'efi_\n-000451c0: 6869 6e74 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 hints'. \n-000451d0: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-000451e0: 7220 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f r the EFI platfo\n-000451f0: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6172 635f 6869 rm.. 'arc_hi\n-00045200: 6e74 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 nts'. S\n-00045210: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00045220: 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d the ARC platform\n-00045230: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 636f 6d70 6174 6962 .. 'compatib\n-00045240: 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 270a 2020 2020 ility_hint'. \n-00045250: 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 6174 A guess at\n-00045260: 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 4752 a reasonable GR\n-00045270: 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 666f UB drive name fo\n-00045280: 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c 2077 r this device, w\n-00045290: 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d hich. m\n-000452a0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 ay be used as a \n-000452b0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 6520 fallback if the \n-000452c0: 2773 6561 7263 6827 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 'search' command\n-000452d0: 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6469 fails.. 'di\n-000452e0: 736b 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 sk'. Sy\n-000452f0: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n-00045300: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 for the whole d\n-00045310: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 isk...'-v'.'--ve\n-00045320: 7262 6f73 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e rbose'. Prin\n-00045330: 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 t verbose messag\n-00045340: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00045350: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-00045360: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-00045370: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 ipt-check, Next\n-00045380: 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 : Obtaining and \n-00045390: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 Building GRUB, \n-000453a0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n-000453b0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-probe, Up: \n-000453c0: 546f 700a 0a33 3020 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Top..30 Invoking\n-000453d0: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-000453e0: 636b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ck.*************\n-000453f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00045400: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 ..The program 'g\n-00045410: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n-00045420: 2720 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 ' takes a GRUB s\n-00045430: 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 cript file (*not\n-00045440: 650a 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e.Shell-like scr\n-00045450: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 ipting::) and ch\n-00045460: 6563 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 ecks it for synt\n-00045470: 6178 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c ax errors, simil\n-00045480: 6172 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 ar to.commands s\n-00045490: 7563 6820 6173 2027 7368 202d 6e27 2e20 uch as 'sh -n'. \n-000454a0: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 It may take a P\n-000454b0: 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ATH as a non-opt\n-000454c0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 ion argument;.if\n-000454d0: 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 none is supplie\n-000454e0: 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 d, it will read \n-000454f0: 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e from standard in\n-00045500: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d put... grub-\n-00045510: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f script-check /bo\n-00045520: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00045530: 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 .. 'grub-scrip\n-00045540: 742d 6368 6563 6b27 2061 6363 6570 7473 t-check' accepts\n-00045550: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n-00045560: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 ptions:..'--help\n-00045570: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 '. Print a s\n-00045580: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00045590: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-000455a0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d ns and exit...'-\n-000455b0: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 -version'. P\n-000455c0: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n-000455d0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n-000455e0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d76 270a and exit...'-v'.\n-000455f0: 272d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 270a 2020 2020 '--verbose'. \n-00045600: 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 Print each line\n-00045610: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 of input after \n-00045620: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 reading it.....F\n-00045630: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00045640: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 Node: Obtaining\n-00045650: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n-00045660: 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 UB, Next: Repor\n-00045670: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 ting bugs, Prev\n-00045680: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00045690: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2055 script-check, U\n-000456a0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n-000456b0: 2041 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e A How to obtain\n-000456c0: 2061 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a and build GRUB.\n+00043410: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 *****..The progr\n+00043420: 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 am 'grub-mkrelpa\n+00043430: 7468 2720 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 th' makes a file\n+00043440: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+00043450: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f ative to the.roo\n+00043460: 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e t of its contain\n+00043470: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ing file system.\n+00043480: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n+00043490: 6966 2027 2f75 7372 2720 6973 2061 206d if '/usr' is a m\n+000434a0: 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 656e ount.point, then\n+000434b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n+000434c0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f 7368 krelpath /usr/sh\n+000434d0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 are/grub/unicode\n+000434e0: 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 272f 7368 6172 .pf2. '/shar\n+000434f0: 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 e/grub/unicode.p\n+00043500: 6632 270a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 f2'.. This is \n+00043510: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 mainly used inte\n+00043520: 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 rnally by other \n+00043530: 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 GRUB utilities s\n+00043540: 7563 6820 6173 0a27 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 uch as.'grub-mkc\n+00043550: 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e onfig' (*note In\n+00043560: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00043570: 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 nfig::), but may\n+00043580: 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c occasionally.al\n+00043590: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 so be useful for\n+000435a0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 debugging... \n+000435b0: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6827 'grub-mkrelpath'\n+000435c0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+000435d0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000435e0: 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 .'--help'. P\n+000435f0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00043600: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00043610: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00043620: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e xit...'--version\n+00043630: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 '. Print the\n+00043640: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00043650: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00043660: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00043670: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00043680: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00043690: 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f cue, Next: Invo\n+000436a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c king grub-mount,\n+000436b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n+000436c0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c grub-mkrelpath,\n+000436d0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3720 496e Up: Top..27 In\n+000436e0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000436f0: 7363 7565 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a scue.***********\n+00043700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00043710: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+00043720: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 6765 6e65 b-mkrescue' gene\n+00043730: 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 rates a bootable\n+00043740: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+00043750: 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 ge.(*note Making\n+00043760: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00043770: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n+00043780: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 grub-mkrescue \n+00043790: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+000437a0: 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f All arguments no\n+000437b0: 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 t explicitly lis\n+000437c0: 7465 6420 6173 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 ted as 'grub-mkr\n+000437d0: 6573 6375 6527 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 escue' options a\n+000437e0: 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 re.passed on dir\n+000437f0: 6563 746c 7920 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 ectly to 'xorris\n+00043800: 6f27 2069 6e20 276d 6b69 736f 6673 2720 o' in 'mkisofs' \n+00043810: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 emulation mode. \n+00043820: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 Options.passed \n+00043830: 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 2077 696c to 'xorriso' wil\n+00043840: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e l normally be in\n+00043850: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2027 6d6b terpreted as 'mk\n+00043860: 6973 6f66 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a isofs' options;.\n+00043870: 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d if the option '-\n+00043880: 2d27 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e -' is used, then\n+00043890: 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 anything after \n+000438a0: 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 that will be int\n+000438b0: 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 erpreted.as nati\n+000438c0: 7665 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 206f 7074 ve 'xorriso' opt\n+000438d0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 ions... Non-op\n+000438e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 tion arguments s\n+000438f0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 pecify additiona\n+00043900: 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f l source directo\n+00043910: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 ries. This is.c\n+00043920: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ommonly used to \n+00043930: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n+00043940: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 to the image:.. \n+00043950: 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 mkdir -p dis\n+00043960: 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 k/boot/grub. \n+00043970: 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 (add extra file\n+00043980: 7320 746f 2027 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f s to 'disk/boot/\n+00043990: 6772 7562 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 grub'). grub\n+000439a0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n+000439b0: 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 2027 b.iso disk.. '\n+000439c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2061 grub-mkrescue' a\n+000439d0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+000439e0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 wing options:..'\n+000439f0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 --help'. Pri\n+00043a00: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n+00043a10: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n+00043a20: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n+00043a30: 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a t...'--version'.\n+00043a40: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n+00043a50: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n+00043a60: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n+00043a70: 0a27 2d6f 2046 494c 4527 0a27 2d2d 6f75 .'-o FILE'.'--ou\n+00043a80: 7470 7574 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 tput=FILE'. \n+00043a90: 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e 2046 Save output in F\n+00043aa0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 7469 ILE. This \"opti\n+00043ab0: 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 642e on\" is required.\n+00043ac0: 0a0a 272d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 ..'--modules=MOD\n+00043ad0: 554c 4553 270a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c ULES'. Pre-l\n+00043ae0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 oad the named GR\n+00043af0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 UB modules in th\n+00043b00: 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 e image. Multip\n+00043b10: 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 le entries in. \n+00043b20: 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c MODULES shoul\n+00043b30: 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 d be separated b\n+00043b40: 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f y whitespace (so\n+00043b50: 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 you will probab\n+00043b60: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly. need to \n+00043b70: 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 quote this for y\n+00043b80: 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0a27 2d2d our shell)...'--\n+00043b90: 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 rom-directory=DI\n+00043ba0: 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 R'. If gener\n+00043bb0: 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 ating images for\n+00043bc0: 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 the QEMU or Cor\n+00043bd0: 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c eboot platforms,\n+00043be0: 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 copy the. r\n+00043bf0: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 2027 7165 6d75 2e69 esulting 'qemu.i\n+00043c00: 6d67 2720 6f72 2027 636f 7265 626f 6f74 mg' or 'coreboot\n+00043c10: 2e65 6c66 2720 6669 6c65 7320 7265 7370 .elf' files resp\n+00043c20: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a ectively to the.\n+00043c30: 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 746f DIR directo\n+00043c40: 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 696e ry as well as in\n+00043c50: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6e20 cluding them in \n+00043c60: 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 272d 2d78 the image...'--x\n+00043c70: 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 orriso=FILE'. \n+00043c80: 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 Use FILE as th\n+00043c90: 6520 2778 6f72 7269 736f 2720 7072 6f67 e 'xorriso' prog\n+00043ca0: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n+00043cb0: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n+00043cc0: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a27 2d2d default...'--\n+00043cd0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n+00043ce0: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 E'. Use FILE\n+00043cf0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b as the 'grub-mk\n+00043d00: 696d 6167 6527 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 image' program, \n+00043d10: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n+00043d20: 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 built-in. de\n+00043d30: 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fault.....File: \n+00043d40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00043d50: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00043d60: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mount, Next: In\n+00043d70: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00043d80: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 e, Prev: Invoki\n+00043d90: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n+00043da0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3238 2049 , Up: Top..28 I\n+00043db0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00043dc0: 6e74 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nt.*************\n+00043dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 *********..The p\n+00043de0: 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 rogram 'grub-mou\n+00043df0: 6e74 2720 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 nt' performs a r\n+00043e00: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f ead-only mount o\n+00043e10: 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 f any file syste\n+00043e20: 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d m.or file system\n+00043e30: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n+00043e40: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 understands, us\n+00043e50: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 ing GRUB's file \n+00043e60: 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 system.drivers v\n+00043e70: 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 ia FUSE. (It is \n+00043e80: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 only available i\n+00043e90: 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 f FUSE developme\n+00043ea0: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 nt files were.pr\n+00043eb0: 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 esent when GRUB \n+00043ec0: 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 was built.) Thi\n+00043ed0: 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f s has a number o\n+00043ee0: 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4974 f uses:.. * It\n+00043ef0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 provides a conv\n+00043f00: 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 enient way to ch\n+00043f10: 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c eck how GRUB wil\n+00043f20: 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 l view a file. \n+00043f30: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f system at boo\n+00043f40: 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e t time. You can\n+00043f50: 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d use normal comm\n+00043f60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 and-line tools t\n+00043f70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 o. compare t\n+00043f80: 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 hat view with th\n+00043f90: 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 at of your opera\n+00043fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b ting system, mak\n+00043fb0: 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 ing it. easy\n+00043fc0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a to find bugs...\n+00043fd0: 2020 202a 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 * It offers t\n+00043fe0: 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f rue read-only mo\n+00043ff0: 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 unts. Linux doe\n+00044000: 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 s not have these\n+00044010: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 for. journa\n+00044020: 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 lling file syste\n+00044030: 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 ms, because it w\n+00044040: 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d ill always attem\n+00044050: 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 pt to replay. \n+00044060: 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 the journal at\n+00044070: 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 mount time; whi\n+00044080: 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f le you can tempo\n+00044090: 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 rarily mark the \n+000440a0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 block. devic\n+000440b0: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 e read-only to a\n+000440c0: 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 void this, that \n+000440d0: 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 causes the mount\n+000440e0: 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 to fail.. S\n+000440f0: 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 ince GRUB intent\n+00044100: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ionally contains\n+00044110: 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 no code for wri\n+00044120: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ting to file. \n+00044130: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 systems, it ca\n+00044140: 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 n easily provide\n+00044150: 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 a guaranteed re\n+00044160: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 ad-only mount. \n+00044170: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 mechanism... \n+00044180: 2020 2a20 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f * It allows yo\n+00044190: 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 u to examine any\n+000441a0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6861 file system tha\n+000441b0: 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e t GRUB understan\n+000441c0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 ds. without \n+000441d0: 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 needing to load \n+000441e0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 756c additional modul\n+000441f0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 756e es into your run\n+00044200: 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ning. kernel\n+00044210: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 , which may be u\n+00044220: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 seful in constra\n+00044230: 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ined environment\n+00044240: 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2069 s such as. i\n+00044250: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a nstallers... *\n+00044260: 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 Since it can ex\n+00044270: 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 amine file syste\n+00044280: 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 m images (contai\n+00044290: 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 ned in regular. \n+000442a0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 files) just \n+000442b0: 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c as easily as fil\n+000442c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f e systems on blo\n+000442d0: 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 ck devices, you \n+000442e0: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 can use. it \n+000442f0: 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 to inspect any f\n+00044300: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n+00044310: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 that GRUB under\n+00044320: 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 stands with only\n+00044330: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 . enough pri\n+00044340: 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 vileges to use F\n+00044350: 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 USE, even if nob\n+00044360: 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 ody has yet writ\n+00044370: 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 ten a. FUSE \n+00044380: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 module specifica\n+00044390: 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c lly for that fil\n+000443a0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a e system type...\n+000443b0: 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2d6d Using 'grub-m\n+000443c0: 6f75 6e74 2720 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ount' is normall\n+000443d0: 7920 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a y as simple as:.\n+000443e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 . grub-mount\n+000443f0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a /dev/sda1 /mnt.\n+00044400: 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 . 'grub-mount'\n+00044410: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f must be given o\n+00044420: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 ne or more image\n+00044430: 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f s and a mount po\n+00044440: 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f int as.non-optio\n+00044450: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 n arguments (if \n+00044460: 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 it is given more\n+00044470: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c than one image,\n+00044480: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 it will treat.t\n+00044490: 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 hem as a RAID se\n+000444a0: 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 t), and also acc\n+000444b0: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+000444c0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d ng options:..'--\n+000444d0: 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 help'. Print\n+000444e0: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+000444f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00044500: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00044510: 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 ..'--version'. \n+00044520: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00044530: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00044540: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 RUB and exit...'\n+00044550: 2d43 270a 272d 2d63 7279 7074 6f27 0a20 -C'.'--crypto'. \n+00044560: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 Mount encryp\n+00044570: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f ted devices, pro\n+00044580: 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 mpting for a pas\n+00044590: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 sphrase if neces\n+000445a0: 7361 7279 2e0a 0a27 2d64 2053 5452 494e sary...'-d STRIN\n+000445b0: 4727 0a27 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 5249 G'.'--debug=STRI\n+000445c0: 4e47 270a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 NG'. Show de\n+000445d0: 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 bugging output f\n+000445e0: 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 or conditions ma\n+000445f0: 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a tching STRING...\n+00044600: 272d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 4527 '-K prompt|FILE'\n+00044610: 0a27 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d .'--zfs-key=prom\n+00044620: 7074 7c46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f pt|FILE'. Lo\n+00044630: 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ad a ZFS encrypt\n+00044640: 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ion key. If you\n+00044650: 2075 7365 2027 7072 6f6d 7074 2720 6173 use 'prompt' as\n+00044660: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 the argument,. \n+00044670: 2020 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 'grub-mount'\n+00044680: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 will read a pas\n+00044690: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 sphrase from the\n+000446a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 terminal; other\n+000446b0: 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 wise,. it wi\n+000446c0: 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 ll read key mate\n+000446d0: 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 rial from the sp\n+000446e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a27 ecified file...'\n+000446f0: 2d72 2044 4556 4943 4527 0a27 2d2d 726f -r DEVICE'.'--ro\n+00044700: 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 4527 0a20 2020 2020 ot=DEVICE'. \n+00044710: 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f Set the GRUB roo\n+00044720: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 t device to DEVI\n+00044730: 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 CE. You do not \n+00044740: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f normally need to\n+00044750: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 . set this; \n+00044760: 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 2077 696c 'grub-mount' wil\n+00044770: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 l automatically \n+00044780: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n+00044790: 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ice to. the \n+000447a0: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 root of the supp\n+000447b0: 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d lied file system\n+000447c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 ... If DEVIC\n+000447d0: 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 E is just a numb\n+000447e0: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c er, then it will\n+000447f0: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 be treated as a\n+00044800: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00044810: 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 number within th\n+00044820: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 e supplied image\n+00044830: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+00044840: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 at, if you have \n+00044850: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 an. image of\n+00044860: 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 an entire disk \n+00044870: 696e 2027 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 272c 2074 in 'disk.img', t\n+00044880: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 hen you can use \n+00044890: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e this. comman\n+000448a0: 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 d to mount its s\n+000448b0: 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a econd partition:\n+000448c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+000448d0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b -mount -r 2 disk\n+000448e0: 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 .img mount-point\n+000448f0: 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 ..'-v'.'--verbos\n+00044900: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 e'. Print ve\n+00044910: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n+00044920: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00044930: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00044940: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+00044950: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00044960: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n+00044970: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n+00044980: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n+00044990: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3920 496e 766f Up: Top..29 Invo\n+000449a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a king grub-probe.\n+000449b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000449c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ******..The prog\n+000449d0: 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 ram 'grub-probe'\n+000449e0: 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 probes device i\n+000449f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 nformation for a\n+00044a00: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 given path or.d\n+00044a10: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 evice... gru\n+00044a20: 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 b-probe --target\n+00044a30: 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 =fs /boot/grub. \n+00044a40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d grub-probe -\n+00044a50: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d -target=drive --\n+00044a60: 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 device /dev/sda1\n+00044a70: 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 .. 'grub-probe\n+00044a80: 2720 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ' must be given \n+00044a90: 6120 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 a path or device\n+00044aa0: 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e as a non-option\n+00044ab0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 argument,.and a\n+00044ac0: 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 lso accepts the \n+00044ad0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00044ae0: 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 2020 s:..'--help'. \n+00044af0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+00044b00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+00044b10: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+00044b20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 7273 d exit...'--vers\n+00044b30: 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ion'. Print \n+00044b40: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00044b50: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+00044b60: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6427 0a27 2d2d 6465 xit...'-d'.'--de\n+00044b70: 7669 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 vice'. If th\n+00044b80: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 is option is giv\n+00044b90: 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e en, then the non\n+00044ba0: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n+00044bb0: 2069 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 is a system. \n+00044bc0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 device name (s\n+00044bd0: 7563 6820 6173 2027 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uch as '/dev/sda\n+00044be0: 3127 292c 2061 6e64 2027 6772 7562 2d70 1'), and 'grub-p\n+00044bf0: 726f 6265 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 robe' will print\n+00044c00: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+00044c10: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 n about that dev\n+00044c20: 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e ice. If it is n\n+00044c30: 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot given, then t\n+00044c40: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 he. non-opti\n+00044c50: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n+00044c60: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 filesystem path\n+00044c70: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 272f 626f 6f74 (such as '/boot\n+00044c80: 2f67 7275 6227 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e /grub'),. an\n+00044c90: 6420 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 2077 d 'grub-probe' w\n+00044ca0: 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d ill print inform\n+00044cb0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 ation about the \n+00044cc0: 6465 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e device containin\n+00044cd0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 g. that part\n+00044ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 of the filesyst\n+00044cf0: 656d 2e0a 0a27 2d6d 2046 494c 4527 0a27 em...'-m FILE'.'\n+00044d00: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c --device-map=FIL\n+00044d10: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 E'. Use FILE\n+00044d20: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d as the device m\n+00044d30: 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 ap (*note Device\n+00044d40: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 map::) rather t\n+00044d50: 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 han the. def\n+00044d60: 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 272f ault, usually '/\n+00044d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 boot/grub/device\n+00044d80: 2e6d 6170 272e 0a0a 272d 7420 5441 5247 .map'...'-t TARG\n+00044d90: 4554 270a 272d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 ET'.'--target=TA\n+00044da0: 5247 4554 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 RGET'. Print\n+00044db0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+00044dc0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n+00044dd0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n+00044de0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n+00044df0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n+00044e00: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n+00044e10: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n+00044e20: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2766 7327 are:.. 'fs'\n+00044e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n+00044e40: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n+00044e50: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2766 735f 7575 6964 e.. 'fs_uuid\n+00044e60: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 '. File\n+00044e70: 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 7273 616c system Universal\n+00044e80: 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 ly Unique Identi\n+00044e90: 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e 0a20 2020 fier (UUID).. \n+00044ea0: 2020 2766 735f 6c61 6265 6c27 0a20 2020 'fs_label'. \n+00044eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Filesyste\n+00044ec0: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 2764 m label.. 'd\n+00044ed0: 7269 7665 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rive'. \n+00044ee0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n+00044ef0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6465 7669 6365 270a .. 'device'.\n+00044f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n+00044f10: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n+00044f20: 2020 2027 7061 7274 6d61 7027 0a20 2020 'partmap'. \n+00044f30: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7061 7274 GRUB part\n+00044f40: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 ition map module\n+00044f50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6162 7374 7261 6374 .. 'abstract\n+00044f60: 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 ion'. G\n+00044f70: 5255 4220 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 RUB abstraction \n+00044f80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 276c module (e.g. 'l\n+00044f90: 766d 2729 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6372 7970 vm').. 'cryp\n+00044fa0: 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 6427 0a20 2020 todisk_uuid'. \n+00044fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 Crypto de\n+00044fc0: 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 vice UUID.. \n+00044fd0: 276d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 6527 'msdos_parttype'\n+00044fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4252 2070 . MBR p\n+00044ff0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n+00045000: 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 6465 6369 de (two hexadeci\n+00045010: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e 0a20 2020 mal digits).. \n+00045020: 2020 2768 696e 7473 5f73 7472 696e 6727 'hints_string'\n+00045030: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 . A str\n+00045040: 696e 6720 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ing of platform \n+00045050: 7365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 search hints sui\n+00045060: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e table for passin\n+00045070: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 g to the. \n+00045080: 2020 2027 7365 6172 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 'search' comm\n+00045090: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 and (*note searc\n+000450a0: 683a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6269 6f73 h::).. 'bios\n+000450b0: 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _hints'. \n+000450c0: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+000450d0: 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 or the PC BIOS p\n+000450e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 2769 latform.. 'i\n+000450f0: 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 7327 0a20 eee1275_hints'. \n+00045100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+00045110: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4945 hints for the IE\n+00045120: 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e EE1275 platform.\n+00045130: 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6172 656d 6574 616c . 'baremetal\n+00045140: 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _hints'. \n+00045150: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00045160: 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 or platforms whe\n+00045170: 7265 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 re disks are add\n+00045180: 7265 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a ressed directly.\n+00045190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 rather\n+000451a0: 2074 6861 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 than via firmwa\n+000451b0: 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6566 695f 6869 re.. 'efi_hi\n+000451c0: 6e74 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 nts'. S\n+000451d0: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+000451e0: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n+000451f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6172 635f 6869 6e74 .. 'arc_hint\n+00045200: 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 s'. Sea\n+00045210: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n+00045220: 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e ARC platform..\n+00045230: 2020 2020 2027 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 'compatibil\n+00045240: 6974 795f 6869 6e74 270a 2020 2020 2020 ity_hint'. \n+00045250: 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 6174 2061 A guess at a\n+00045260: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 4752 5542 reasonable GRUB\n+00045270: 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 drive name for \n+00045280: 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c 2077 6869 this device, whi\n+00045290: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 ch. may\n+000452a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 6661 be used as a fa\n+000452b0: 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 6520 2773 llback if the 's\n+000452c0: 6561 7263 6827 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 earch' command f\n+000452d0: 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6469 736b ails.. 'disk\n+000452e0: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 '. Syst\n+000452f0: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n+00045300: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n+00045310: 6b2e 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 k...'-v'.'--verb\n+00045320: 6f73 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ose'. Print \n+00045330: 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 verbose messages\n+00045340: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00045350: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00045360: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n+00045370: 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t-check, Next: \n+00045380: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+00045390: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 ilding GRUB, Pr\n+000453a0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000453b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f b-probe, Up: To\n+000453c0: 700a 0a33 3020 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 p..30 Invoking g\n+000453d0: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+000453e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000453f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00045400: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+00045410: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2720 b-script-check' \n+00045420: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 takes a GRUB scr\n+00045430: 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ipt file (*note.\n+00045440: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00045450: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 ting::) and chec\n+00045460: 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 ks it for syntax\n+00045470: 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 errors, similar\n+00045480: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 to.commands suc\n+00045490: 6820 6173 2027 7368 202d 6e27 2e20 2049 h as 'sh -n'. I\n+000454a0: 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 t may take a PAT\n+000454b0: 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f H as a non-optio\n+000454c0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e n argument;.if n\n+000454d0: 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c one is supplied,\n+000454e0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 it will read fr\n+000454f0: 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 om standard inpu\n+00045500: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 t... grub-sc\n+00045510: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 ript-check /boot\n+00045520: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00045530: 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 'grub-script-\n+00045540: 6368 6563 6b27 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 check' accepts t\n+00045550: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+00045560: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a ions:..'--help'.\n+00045570: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00045580: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00045590: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+000455a0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 and exit...'--v\n+000455b0: 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 ersion'. Pri\n+000455c0: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+000455d0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+000455e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d76 270a 272d d exit...'-v'.'-\n+000455f0: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 270a 2020 2020 2050 -verbose'. P\n+00045600: 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 206f rint each line o\n+00045610: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 7265 f input after re\n+00045620: 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ading it.....Fil\n+00045630: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00045640: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n+00045650: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n+00045660: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Next: Reporti\n+00045670: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng bugs, Prev: \n+00045680: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00045690: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2055 703a ript-check, Up:\n+000456a0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 Top..Appendix A\n+000456b0: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 How to obtain a\n+000456c0: 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a nd build GRUB.**\n 000456d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 000456e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000456f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 *******.. *C\n-00045700: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 aution:* GRUB re\n-00045710: 7175 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d quires binutils-\n-00045720: 322e 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 2.9.1.0.23 or la\n-00045730: 7465 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a ter because the.\n-00045740: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c GNU assembl\n-00045750: 6572 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e er has been chan\n-00045760: 6765 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 ged so that it c\n-00045770: 616e 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 an produce real \n-00045780: 3136 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 16bits. mach\n-00045790: 696e 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e ine code between\n-000457a0: 2032 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2.9.1 and 2.9.1\n-000457b0: 2e30 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 .0.x. See. \n-000457c0: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 736f 7572 6365 732e , to obtain\n-000457f0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-00045800: 686f 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 how. to get \n-00045810: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n-00045820: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 on... GRUB is \n-00045830: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 available from t\n-00045840: 6865 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 he GNU alpha arc\n-00045850: 6869 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f hive site. or any of\n-00045880: 2069 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 its mirrors. T\n-00045890: 6865 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a he file will be.\n-000458a0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 named grub-versi\n-000458b0: 6f6e 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 on.tar.gz. The \n-000458c0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 current version \n-000458d0: 6973 2032 2e30 362c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 is 2.06, so the \n-000458e0: 6669 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 file you.should \n-000458f0: 6772 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 grab is:.. .. T\n-00045930: 6f20 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 o unbundle GRUB \n-00045940: 7573 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 use the instruct\n-00045950: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 ion:.. zcat \n-00045960: 6772 7562 2d32 2e30 362e 7461 722e 677a grub-2.06.tar.gz\n-00045970: 207c 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n-00045980: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 which will crea\n-00045990: 7465 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 te a directory c\n-000459a0: 616c 6c65 6420 2767 7275 622d 322e 3036 alled 'grub-2.06\n-000459b0: 2720 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 ' with all the.s\n-000459c0: 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e ources. You can\n-000459d0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c look at the fil\n-000459e0: 6520 2749 4e53 5441 4c4c 2720 666f 7220 e 'INSTALL' for \n-000459f0: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 detailed instruc\n-00045a00: 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 tions.on how to \n-00045a10: 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c build and instal\n-00045a20: 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 l GRUB, but you \n-00045a30: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 should be able t\n-00045a40: 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 o just do:.. \n-00045a50: 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e30 360a 2020 cd grub-2.06. \n-00045a60: 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 0a20 ./configure. \n-00045a70: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c make install\n-00045a80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 206c .. Also, the l\n-00045a90: 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 atest version is\n-00045aa0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 available using\n-00045ab0: 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 Git. See.\n-00045af0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-00045b00: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-00045b10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00045b20: 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 : Reporting bugs\n-00045b30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Next: Future,\n-00045b40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e Prev: Obtainin\n-00045b50: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n-00045b60: 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 RUB, Up: Top..A\n-00045b70: 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f 7274 ppendix B Report\n-00045b80: 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ing bugs.*******\n+000456f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 *****.. *Cau\n+00045700: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 tion:* GRUB requ\n+00045710: 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e ires binutils-2.\n+00045720: 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 9.1.0.23 or late\n+00045730: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n+00045740: 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 GNU assembler\n+00045750: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 has been change\n+00045760: 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e d so that it can\n+00045770: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 produce real 16\n+00045780: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e bits. machin\n+00045790: 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 e code between 2\n+000457a0: 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 .9.1 and 2.9.1.0\n+000457b0: 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 .x. See. , to obtain i\n+000457f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f nformation on ho\n+00045800: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 w. to get th\n+00045810: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+00045820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 ... GRUB is av\n+00045830: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ailable from the\n+00045840: 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 GNU alpha archi\n+00045850: 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 ve site. or any of i\n+00045880: 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ts mirrors. The\n+00045890: 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 file will be.na\n+000458a0: 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e med grub-version\n+000458b0: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 .tar.gz. The cu\n+000458c0: 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 rrent version is\n+000458d0: 2032 2e30 362c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 2.06, so the fi\n+000458e0: 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 le you.should gr\n+000458f0: 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a ab is:.. .. To \n+00045930: 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 unbundle GRUB us\n+00045940: 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f e the instructio\n+00045950: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 n:.. zcat gr\n+00045960: 7562 2d32 2e30 362e 7461 722e 677a 207c ub-2.06.tar.gz |\n+00045970: 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 tar xvf -.. w\n+00045980: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 hich will create\n+00045990: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c a directory cal\n+000459a0: 6c65 6420 2767 7275 622d 322e 3036 2720 led 'grub-2.06' \n+000459b0: 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 with all the.sou\n+000459c0: 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c rces. You can l\n+000459d0: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ook at the file \n+000459e0: 2749 4e53 5441 4c4c 2720 666f 7220 6465 'INSTALL' for de\n+000459f0: 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 tailed instructi\n+00045a00: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 ons.on how to bu\n+00045a10: 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ild and install \n+00045a20: 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 GRUB, but you sh\n+00045a30: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ould be able to \n+00045a40: 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 just do:.. c\n+00045a50: 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e30 360a 2020 2020 d grub-2.06. \n+00045a60: 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 ./configure. \n+00045a70: 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a make install..\n+00045a80: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 Also, the lat\n+00045a90: 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 est version is a\n+00045aa0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 vailable using G\n+00045ab0: 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f it. See. f\n+00045af0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n+00045b00: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00045b10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00045b20: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 Reporting bugs, \n+00045b30: 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 Next: Future, \n+00045b40: 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Prev: Obtaining \n+00045b50: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n+00045b60: 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 B, Up: Top..App\n+00045b70: 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e endix B Reportin\n+00045b80: 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a g bugs.*********\n 00045b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00045ba0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 7468 **..These are th\n-00045bb0: 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f 7220 e guideline for \n-00045bc0: 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 6275 how to report bu\n-00045bd0: 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b gs. Take a look\n-00045be0: 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 at this.list be\n-00045bf0: 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 2073 low before you s\n-00045c00: 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 ubmit bugs:.. 1\n-00045c10: 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 6e67 . Before getting\n-00045c20: 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 6164 unsettled, read\n-00045c30: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 6872 this manual thr\n-00045c40: 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 6768 ough and through\n-00045c50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 .. Also, see\n-00045c60: 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 4641 the GNU GRUB FA\n-00045c70: 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 Q. (http://w\n-00045c80: 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 ww.gnu.org/softw\n-00045c90: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d 6661 are/grub/grub-fa\n-00045ca0: 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 q.html)... 2. A\n-00045cb0: 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 lways mention th\n-00045cc0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-00045cd0: 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 your GRUB. The \n-00045ce0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n-00045cf0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e66 nd. the conf\n-00045d00: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 7175 iguration are qu\n-00045d10: 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 2020 ite important. \n-00045d20: 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 7420 If you build it \n-00045d30: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 yourself,. w\n-00045d40: 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rite the options\n-00045d50: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 7468 specified to th\n-00045d60: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 7269 e configure scri\n-00045d70: 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 pt and your. \n-00045d80: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00045d90: 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 m, including the\n-00045da0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 6363 versions of gcc\n-00045db0: 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e 0a0a and binutils...\n-00045dc0: 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3. If you have\n-00045dd0: 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 trouble with th\n-00045de0: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 e installation, \n-00045df0: 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 inform us of how\n-00045e00: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c you. instal\n-00045e10: 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 led GRUB. Don't \n-00045e20: 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 omit error messa\n-00045e30: 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 4a75 ges, if any. Ju\n-00045e40: 7374 2027 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 st 'GRUB. ha\n-00045e50: 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 ngs up when it b\n-00045e60: 6f6f 7473 2720 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f oots' is not eno\n-00045e70: 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 ugh... The i\n-00045e80: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f nformation on yo\n-00045e90: 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 ur hardware is a\n-00045ea0: 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 lso essential. \n-00045eb0: 5468 6573 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 These are. e\n-00045ec0: 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 specially import\n-00045ed0: 616e 743a 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 ant: the geometr\n-00045ee0: 6965 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 ies and the part\n-00045ef0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a ition tables of.\n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 your hard d\n-00045f10: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 isk drives and y\n-00045f20: 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 our BIOS... 4. \n-00045f30: 4966 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 If GRUB cannot b\n-00045f40: 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 oot your operati\n-00045f50: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 ng system, write\n-00045f60: 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e down _everythin\n-00045f70: 675f 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 g_. you see \n-00045f80: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 on the screen. \n-00045f90: 446f 6e27 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 Don't paraphrase\n-00045fa0: 2074 6865 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 2754 6865 them, like 'The\n-00045fb0: 2066 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 foo OS. cra\n-00045fc0: 7368 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 shes with GRUB, \n-00045fd0: 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 even though it c\n-00045fe0: 616e 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 an boot with the\n-00045ff0: 2062 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 bar boot loader\n-00046000: 0a20 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 6527 . just fine'\n-00046010: 2e20 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 . Mention the c\n-00046020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 ommands you exec\n-00046030: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 uted, the messag\n-00046040: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 es. printed \n-00046050: 6279 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 by them, and inf\n-00046060: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n-00046070: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00046080: 6d20 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 m including. \n-00046090: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n-000460a0: 6265 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 ber... 5. Expla\n-000460b0: 696e 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 in what you want\n-000460c0: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ed to do. It is\n-000460d0: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n-000460e0: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 know your. p\n-000460f0: 7572 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 urpose and your \n-00046100: 7769 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 wish, and how GR\n-00046110: 5542 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 UB didn't satisf\n-00046120: 7920 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 y you... 6. If \n-00046130: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 you can investig\n-00046140: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ate the problem \n-00046150: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 yourself, please\n-00046160: 2064 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a do. That will.\n-00046170: 2020 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e give you an\n-00046180: 6420 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 d us much more i\n-00046190: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 nformation on th\n-000461a0: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 e problem. Atta\n-000461b0: 6368 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 ching a. pat\n-000461c0: 6368 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 ch is even bette\n-000461d0: 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f r... When yo\n-000461e0: 7520 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 u attach a patch\n-000461f0: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 , make the patch\n-00046200: 2069 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 in unified diff\n-00046210: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 format, and. \n-00046220: 2020 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f write ChangeLo\n-00046230: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c g entries. But,\n-00046240: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d even when you m\n-00046250: 616b 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e ake a patch, don\n-00046260: 2774 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 't. forget t\n-00046270: 6f20 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 o explain the pr\n-00046280: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 oblem, so that w\n-00046290: 6520 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 e can understand\n-000462a0: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 what your. \n-000462b0: 7061 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 patch is for... \n-000462c0: 2037 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 7. Write down a\n-000462d0: 6e79 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 nything that you\n-000462e0: 2074 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 think might be \n-000462f0: 7265 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 related. Please\n-00046300: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 . understand\n-00046310: 2074 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e that we often n\n-00046320: 6565 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 eed to reproduce\n-00046330: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 the same proble\n-00046340: 6d20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 m you. encou\n-00046350: 6e74 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e ntered in our en\n-00046360: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 vironment. So y\n-00046370: 6f75 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 our information \n-00046380: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 should be. s\n-00046390: 7566 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 ufficient for us\n-000463a0: 2074 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 to do the same \n-000463b0: 7468 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 thing--Don't for\n-000463c0: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e get that we cann\n-000463d0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 ot. see your\n-000463e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 computer direct\n-000463f0: 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 ly. If you are \n-00046400: 6e6f 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 not sure whether\n-00046410: 2074 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 to state a. \n-00046420: 2066 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 fact or leave i\n-00046430: 7420 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 t out, state it!\n-00046440: 2020 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 Reporting too \n-00046450: 6d61 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d many things is m\n-00046460: 7563 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 uch. better \n-00046470: 7468 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f than omitting so\n-00046480: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e mething importan\n-00046490: 742e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f t... If you fo\n-000464a0: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 llow the guideli\n-000464b0: 6e65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 ne above, submit\n-000464c0: 2061 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 a report to the\n-000464d0: 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 Bug.Tracking Sy\n-000464e0: 7374 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 stem (http://sav\n-000464f0: 616e 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 annah.gnu.org/bu\n-00046500: 6773 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e gs/?group=grub).\n-00046510: 0a41 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 .Alternatively, \n-00046520: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 you can submit a\n-00046530: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 report via elec\n-00046540: 7472 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c tronic mail to.<\n-00046550: 6275 672d 6772 7562 4067 6e75 2e6f 7267 bug-grub@gnu.org\n-00046560: 3e2c 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 >, but we strong\n-00046570: 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 ly recommend tha\n-00046580: 7420 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 t you use the Bu\n-00046590: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n-000465a0: 6d2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 m, because e-mai\n-000465b0: 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 l can be passed \n-000465c0: 6f76 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 over easily... \n-000465d0: 204f 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 Once we get you\n-000465e0: 7220 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c r report, we wil\n-000465f0: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 l try to fix the\n-00046600: 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bugs.....File: \n-00046610: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00046620: 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Future, Next:\n-00046630: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n-00046640: 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 nual, Prev: Rep\n-00046650: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 orting bugs, Up\n-00046660: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00046670: 4320 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c C Where GRUB wil\n-00046680: 6c20 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l go.***********\n+00045ba0: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 ..These are the \n+00045bb0: 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f guideline for ho\n+00045bc0: 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 w to report bugs\n+00045bd0: 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 . Take a look a\n+00045be0: 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f t this.list belo\n+00045bf0: 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 w before you sub\n+00045c00: 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 mit bugs:.. 1. \n+00045c10: 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 Before getting u\n+00045c20: 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 nsettled, read t\n+00045c30: 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 his manual throu\n+00045c40: 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a gh and through..\n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 Also, see t\n+00045c60: 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a he GNU GRUB FAQ.\n+00045c70: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 (http://www\n+00045c80: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 .gnu.org/softwar\n+00045c90: 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e e/grub/grub-faq.\n+00045ca0: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 html)... 2. Alw\n+00045cb0: 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 ays mention the \n+00045cc0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 information on y\n+00045cd0: 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 our GRUB. The ve\n+00045ce0: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 rsion number and\n+00045cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 . the config\n+00045d00: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 uration are quit\n+00045d10: 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 e important. If\n+00045d20: 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f you build it yo\n+00045d30: 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 urself,. wri\n+00045d40: 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 te the options s\n+00045d50: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 pecified to the \n+00045d60: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 configure script\n+00045d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f and your. o\n+00045d80: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+00045d90: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 including the v\n+00045da0: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 ersions of gcc a\n+00045db0: 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 nd binutils... \n+00045dc0: 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 3. If you have t\n+00045dd0: 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 rouble with the \n+00045de0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e installation, in\n+00045df0: 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 form us of how y\n+00045e00: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ou. installe\n+00045e10: 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d d GRUB. Don't om\n+00045e20: 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 it error message\n+00045e30: 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 s, if any. Just\n+00045e40: 2027 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 'GRUB. hang\n+00045e50: 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f s up when it boo\n+00045e60: 7473 2720 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 ts' is not enoug\n+00045e70: 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 h... The inf\n+00045e80: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n+00045e90: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 hardware is als\n+00045ea0: 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 o essential. Th\n+00045eb0: 6573 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 ese are. esp\n+00045ec0: 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e ecially importan\n+00045ed0: 743a 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 t: the geometrie\n+00045ee0: 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 s and the partit\n+00045ef0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 ion tables of. \n+00045f00: 2020 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 your hard dis\n+00045f10: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 k drives and you\n+00045f20: 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 r BIOS... 4. If\n+00045f30: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f GRUB cannot boo\n+00045f40: 7420 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 t your operating\n+00045f50: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 system, write d\n+00045f60: 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f own _everything_\n+00045f70: 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e . you see on\n+00045f80: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f the screen. Do\n+00045f90: 6e27 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 n't paraphrase t\n+00045fa0: 6865 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 2754 6865 2066 hem, like 'The f\n+00045fb0: 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 oo OS. crash\n+00045fc0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 es with GRUB, ev\n+00045fd0: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e en though it can\n+00045fe0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 boot with the b\n+00045ff0: 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 ar boot loader. \n+00046000: 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 6527 2e20 just fine'. \n+00046010: 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Mention the com\n+00046020: 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 mands you execut\n+00046030: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 ed, the messages\n+00046040: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 . printed by\n+00046050: 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 them, and infor\n+00046060: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f mation on your o\n+00046070: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00046080: 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 including. t\n+00046090: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+000460a0: 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e r... 5. Explain\n+000460b0: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 what you wanted\n+000460c0: 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 to do. It is v\n+000460d0: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e ery useful to kn\n+000460e0: 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 ow your. pur\n+000460f0: 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 pose and your wi\n+00046100: 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 sh, and how GRUB\n+00046110: 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 didn't satisfy \n+00046120: 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f you... 6. If yo\n+00046130: 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 u can investigat\n+00046140: 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f e the problem yo\n+00046150: 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 urself, please d\n+00046160: 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 o. That will. \n+00046170: 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 give you and \n+00046180: 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 us much more inf\n+00046190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+000461a0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 problem. Attach\n+000461b0: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 ing a. patch\n+000461c0: 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e is even better.\n+000461d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 .. When you \n+000461e0: 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 attach a patch, \n+000461f0: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 make the patch i\n+00046200: 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 n unified diff f\n+00046210: 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ormat, and. \n+00046220: 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 write ChangeLog \n+00046230: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 entries. But, e\n+00046240: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b ven when you mak\n+00046250: 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 e a patch, don't\n+00046260: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 . forget to \n+00046270: 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 explain the prob\n+00046280: 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 lem, so that we \n+00046290: 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 can understand w\n+000462a0: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hat your. pa\n+000462b0: 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 tch is for... 7\n+000462c0: 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 . Write down any\n+000462d0: 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 thing that you t\n+000462e0: 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 hink might be re\n+000462f0: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 lated. Please. \n+00046300: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 understand t\n+00046310: 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 hat we often nee\n+00046320: 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 d to reproduce t\n+00046330: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 he same problem \n+00046340: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 you. encount\n+00046350: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 ered in our envi\n+00046360: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 ronment. So you\n+00046370: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 r information sh\n+00046380: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 ould be. suf\n+00046390: 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 ficient for us t\n+000463a0: 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 o do the same th\n+000463b0: 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 ing--Don't forge\n+000463c0: 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 t that we cannot\n+000463d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 . see your c\n+000463e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 omputer directly\n+000463f0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f . If you are no\n+00046400: 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 t sure whether t\n+00046410: 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 o state a. f\n+00046420: 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 act or leave it \n+00046430: 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 out, state it! \n+00046440: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 Reporting too ma\n+00046450: 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 ny things is muc\n+00046460: 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 h. better th\n+00046470: 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 an omitting some\n+00046480: 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e thing important.\n+00046490: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c .. If you foll\n+000464a0: 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 ow the guideline\n+000464b0: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 above, submit a\n+000464c0: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 report to the B\n+000464d0: 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 ug.Tracking Syst\n+000464e0: 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e em (http://savan\n+000464f0: 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 nah.gnu.org/bugs\n+00046500: 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 /?group=grub)..A\n+00046510: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f lternatively, yo\n+00046520: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 u can submit a r\n+00046530: 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 eport via electr\n+00046540: 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 onic mail to.,\n+00046560: 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 but we strongly\n+00046570: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 recommend that \n+00046580: 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a you use the Bug.\n+00046590: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c Tracking System,\n+000465a0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 because e-mail \n+000465b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 can be passed ov\n+000465c0: 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f er easily... O\n+000465d0: 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 nce we get your \n+000465e0: 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 report, we will \n+000465f0: 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 try to fix the b\n+00046600: 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ugs.....File: gr\n+00046610: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00046620: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Future, Next: C\n+00046630: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00046640: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 al, Prev: Repor\n+00046650: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ting bugs, Up: \n+00046660: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 Top..Appendix C \n+00046670: 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 Where GRUB will \n+00046680: 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.*************\n 00046690: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000466a0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f **..GRUB 2 is no\n-000466b0: 7720 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 w quite stable a\n-000466c0: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 nd used in many \n-000466d0: 7072 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 production syste\n-000466e0: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 ms. We are.curr\n-000466f0: 656e 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f ently working to\n-00046700: 7761 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 wards a 2.0 rele\n-00046710: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ase... If you \n-00046720: 6172 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 are interested i\n-00046730: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e n the developmen\n-00046740: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b t of GRUB 2, tak\n-00046750: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 e a look at.the \n-00046760: 686f 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f homepage (http:/\n-00046770: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n-00046780: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e tware/grub/grub.\n-00046790: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 html).....File: \n-000467a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000467b0: 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d : Copying This M\n-000467c0: 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e anual, Next: In\n-000467d0: 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 dex, Prev: Futu\n-000467e0: 7265 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 re, Up: Top..Ap\n-000467f0: 7065 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 pendix D Copying\n-00046800: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a This Manual.***\n+000466a0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ..GRUB 2 is now \n+000466b0: 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 quite stable and\n+000466c0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 used in many pr\n+000466d0: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 oduction systems\n+000466e0: 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e . We are.curren\n+000466f0: 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 tly working towa\n+00046700: 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 rds a 2.0 releas\n+00046710: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 e... 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Co\n-00046950: 7079 7269 6768 7420 2843 2920 3230 3030 pyright (C) 2000\n-00046960: 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 2046 7265 6520 ,2001,2002 Free \n-00046970: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-00046980: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 ion, Inc.. 5\n-00046990: 3120 4672 616e 6b6c 696e 2053 742c 2046 1 Franklin St, F\n-000469a0: 6966 7468 2046 6c6f 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 ifth Floor, Bost\n-000469b0: 6f6e 2c20 4d41 2020 3032 3131 302d 3133 on, MA 02110-13\n-000469c0: 3031 2c20 5553 410a 0a20 2020 2020 4576 01, USA.. Ev\n-000469d0: 6572 796f 6e65 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 eryone is permit\n-000469e0: 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 ted to copy and \n-000469f0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 distribute verba\n-00046a00: 7469 6d20 636f 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 tim copies. \n-00046a10: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 of this license \n-00046a20: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 document, but ch\n-00046a30: 616e 6769 6e67 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 anging it is not\n-00046a40: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 allowed... 0. \n-00046a50: 5052 4541 4d42 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 PREAMBLE.. T\n-00046a60: 6865 2070 7572 706f 7365 206f 6620 7468 he purpose of th\n-00046a70: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 746f is License is to\n-00046a80: 206d 616b 6520 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 make a manual, \n-00046a90: 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 textbook, or oth\n-00046aa0: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e er. function\n-00046ab0: 616c 2061 6e64 2075 7365 6675 6c20 646f al and useful do\n-00046ac0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2022 6672 6565 2220 696e cument \"free\" in\n-00046ad0: 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f 6620 6672 the sense of fr\n-00046ae0: 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 eedom: to. a\n-00046af0: 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f 6e65 2074 ssure everyone t\n-00046b00: 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 2066 7265 he effective fre\n-00046b10: 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 edom to copy and\n-00046b20: 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 6974 redistribute it\n-00046b30: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 ,. with or w\n-00046b40: 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 ithout modifying\n-00046b50: 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f 6d6d it, either comm\n-00046b60: 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 ercially or. \n-00046b70: 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 noncommercially\n-00046b80: 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 6c79 2c20 . Secondarily, \n-00046b90: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 this License pre\n-00046ba0: 7365 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 serves for the. \n-00046bb0: 2020 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 author and p\n-00046bc0: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 ublisher a way t\n-00046bd0: 6f20 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 o get credit for\n-00046be0: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 their work, whi\n-00046bf0: 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e le not. bein\n-00046c00: 6720 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 g considered res\n-00046c10: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 ponsible for mod\n-00046c20: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 ifications made \n-00046c30: 6279 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by others... \n-00046c40: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 This License is\n-00046c50: 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 a kind of \"copy\n-00046c60: 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 left\", which mea\n-00046c70: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 ns that derivati\n-00046c80: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 ve. works of\n-00046c90: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 the document mu\n-00046ca0: 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 st themselves be\n-00046cb0: 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d free in the sam\n-00046cc0: 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 e sense.. It\n-00046cd0: 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 complements the\n-00046ce0: 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 GNU General Pub\n-00046cf0: 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 lic License, whi\n-00046d00: 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ch is a copyleft\n-00046d10: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 . license de\n-00046d20: 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 signed for free \n-00046d30: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 software... \n-00046d40: 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 We have designed\n-00046d50: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e this License in\n-00046d60: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 order to use it\n-00046d70: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 for manuals for\n-00046d80: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 . free softw\n-00046d90: 6172 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 are, because fre\n-00046da0: 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 e software needs\n-00046db0: 2066 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 free documentat\n-00046dc0: 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 ion: a. free\n-00046dd0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 program should \n-00046de0: 636f 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c come with manual\n-00046df0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 s providing the \n-00046e00: 7361 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 same freedoms. \n-00046e10: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 that the soft\n-00046e20: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 ware does. But \n-00046e30: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 this License is \n-00046e40: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n-00046e50: 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e software man\n-00046e60: 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 uals; it can be \n-00046e70: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 used for any tex\n-00046e80: 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 tual work, regar\n-00046e90: 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 dless. of su\n-00046ea0: 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 bject matter or \n-00046eb0: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 whether it is pu\n-00046ec0: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 blished as a pri\n-00046ed0: 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 nted book. We. \n-00046ee0: 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 recommend th\n-00046ef0: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 is License princ\n-00046f00: 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 ipally for works\n-00046f10: 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 whose purpose i\n-00046f20: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 s. instructi\n-00046f30: 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e on or reference.\n-00046f40: 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 .. 1. APPLICABI\n-00046f50: 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 LITY AND DEFINIT\n-00046f60: 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 IONS.. This \n-00046f70: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n-00046f80: 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 to any manual or\n-00046f90: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 other work, in \n-00046fa0: 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 any medium,. \n-00046fb0: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 that contains a\n-00046fc0: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 notice placed b\n-00046fd0: 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 y the copyright \n-00046fe0: 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 holder saying it\n-00046ff0: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 can. be dis\n-00047000: 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 tributed under t\n-00047010: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 he terms of this\n-00047020: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 License. Such \n-00047030: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 a notice. gr\n-00047040: 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 ants a world-wid\n-00047050: 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 e, royalty-free \n-00047060: 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 license, unlimit\n-00047070: 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a ed in duration,.\n-00047080: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 to use that\n-00047090: 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 work under the \n-000470a0: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 conditions state\n-000470b0: 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 d herein. The. \n-000470c0: 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 \"Document\", \n-000470d0: 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f below, refers to\n-000470e0: 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c any such manual\n-000470f0: 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d or work. Any m\n-00047100: 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ember. of th\n-00047110: 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 e public is a li\n-00047120: 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 censee, and is a\n-00047130: 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 ddressed as \"you\n-00047140: 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 \". You accept. \n-00047150: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 the license \n-00047160: 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 if you copy, mod\n-00047170: 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ify or distribut\n-00047180: 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 e the work in a \n-00047190: 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 way. requiri\n-000471a0: 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e ng permission un\n-000471b0: 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 der copyright la\n-000471c0: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 w... A \"Modi\n-000471d0: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 fied Version\" of\n-000471e0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 the Document me\n-000471f0: 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e ans any work con\n-00047200: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 taining the. \n-00047210: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 Document or a p\n-00047220: 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 ortion of it, ei\n-00047230: 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 ther copied verb\n-00047240: 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 atim, or with. \n-00047250: 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 modifications\n-00047260: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 and/or translat\n-00047270: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 ed into another \n-00047280: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n-00047290: 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 A \"Secondary Sec\n-000472a0: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 tion\" is a named\n-000472b0: 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 appendix or a f\n-000472c0: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n-000472d0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n-000472e0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 Document that de\n-000472f0: 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 als exclusively \n-00047300: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f with the relatio\n-00047310: 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nship of the. \n-00047320: 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 publishers or \n-00047330: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 authors of the D\n-00047340: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 ocument to the D\n-00047350: 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c ocument's overal\n-00047360: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 l. subject (\n-00047370: 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 or to related ma\n-00047380: 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 tters) and conta\n-00047390: 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 ins nothing that\n-000473a0: 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c could. fall\n-000473b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e directly within\n-000473c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 that overall su\n-000473d0: 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 bject. 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The relati\n-00047460: 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 onship could be \n-00047470: 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 a matter of. \n-00047480: 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e historical conn\n-00047490: 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ection with the \n-000474a0: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 subject or with \n-000474b0: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c related matters,\n-000474c0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 or. of lega\n-000474d0: 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 l, commercial, p\n-000474e0: 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 hilosophical, et\n-000474f0: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 hical or politic\n-00047500: 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 al position. \n-00047510: 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e regarding them.\n-00047520: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 .. 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If a \n-00047600: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 section does not\n-00047610: 2066 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 2064 fit the above d\n-00047620: 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 efinition of Sec\n-00047630: 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 ondary then it. \n-00047640: 2020 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 is not allow\n-00047650: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 ed to be designa\n-00047660: 7465 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ted as Invariant\n-00047670: 2e20 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 . The Document \n-00047680: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e may. contain\n-00047690: 207a 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 zero Invariant \n-000476a0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 Sections. 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For\n-00047f10: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 . works in f\n-00047f20: 6f72 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 ormats which do \n-00047f30: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 not have any tit\n-00047f40: 6c65 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c le page as such,\n-00047f50: 2022 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 \"Title. Pag\n-00047f60: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 e\" means the tex\n-00047f70: 7420 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 t near the most \n-00047f80: 7072 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 prominent appear\n-00047f90: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ance of the. \n-00047fa0: 2077 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 work's title, p\n-00047fb0: 7265 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 receding the beg\n-00047fc0: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f inning of the bo\n-00047fd0: 6479 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a dy of the text..\n-00047fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 . A section \n-00047ff0: 2245 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d \"Entitled XYZ\" m\n-00048000: 6561 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 eans a named sub\n-00048010: 756e 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 unit of the Docu\n-00048020: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 ment. whose \n-00048030: 7469 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 title either is \n-00048040: 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 precisely XYZ or\n-00048050: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e contains XYZ in\n-00048060: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 parentheses. \n-00048070: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 following text\n-00048080: 2074 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 that translates\n-00048090: 2058 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 XYZ in another \n-000480a0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 language. (Here\n-000480b0: 2058 595a 0a20 2020 2020 7374 616e 6473 XYZ. stands\n-000480c0: 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 for a specific \n-000480d0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6e61 6d65 206d 656e section name men\n-000480e0: 7469 6f6e 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7375 tioned below, su\n-000480f0: 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2022 4163 6b6e ch as. \"Ackn\n-00048100: 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 222c 2022 owledgements\", \"\n-00048110: 4465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7322 2c20 2245 Dedications\", \"E\n-00048120: 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 6f72 ndorsements\", or\n-00048130: 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2e29 0a20 2020 \"History\".). \n-00048140: 2020 546f 2022 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 To \"Preserve t\n-00048150: 6865 2054 6974 6c65 2220 6f66 2073 7563 he Title\" of suc\n-00048160: 6820 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7768 656e h a section when\n-00048170: 2079 6f75 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 650a you modify the.\n-00048180: 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 Document me\n-00048190: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2069 7420 7265 6d61 ans that it rema\n-000481a0: 696e 7320 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 ins a section \"E\n-000481b0: 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 2061 6363 ntitled XYZ\" acc\n-000481c0: 6f72 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 ording. to t\n-000481d0: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2e0a his definition..\n-000481e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 . 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Otherwi\n-0004b040: 7365 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 7070 se they must app\n-0004b050: 6561 7220 6f6e 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 ear on printed c\n-0004b060: 6f76 6572 7320 7468 6174 2062 7261 636b overs that brack\n-0004b070: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7768 6f6c et. the whol\n-0004b080: 6520 6167 6772 6567 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 e aggregate... \n-0004b090: 382e 2054 5241 4e53 4c41 5449 4f4e 0a0a 8. TRANSLATION..\n-0004b0a0: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e Translation\n-0004b0b0: 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2061 is considered a\n-0004b0c0: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 206d 6f64 6966 6963 kind of modific\n-0004b0d0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d61 ation, so you ma\n-0004b0e0: 790a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y. distribut\n-0004b0f0: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f e translations o\n-0004b100: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 f the Document u\n-0004b110: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-0004b120: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2034 f section. 4\n-0004b130: 2e20 2052 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2049 6e76 . Replacing Inv\n-0004b140: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ariant Sections \n-0004b150: 7769 7468 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e with translation\n-0004b160: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 7065 6369 s requires speci\n-0004b170: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 726d 6973 7369 al. permissi\n-0004b180: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6569 7220 636f on from their co\n-0004b190: 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 732c pyright holders,\n-0004b1a0: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 but you may inc\n-0004b1b0: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c lude. transl\n-0004b1c0: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f ations of some o\n-0004b1d0: 7220 616c 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 r all Invariant \n-0004b1e0: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 6164 6469 Sections in addi\n-0004b1f0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion to the. \n-0004b200: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 696f original versio\n-0004b210: 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 496e 7661 ns of these Inva\n-0004b220: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 riant Sections. \n-0004b230: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 You may include\n-0004b240: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 a. translat\n-0004b250: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ion of this Lice\n-0004b260: 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 nse, and all the\n-0004b270: 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6573 license notices\n-0004b280: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 in the. Doc\n-0004b290: 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 2057 ument, and any W\n-0004b2a0: 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d arranty Disclaim\n-0004b2b0: 6572 732c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7468 ers, provided th\n-0004b2c0: 6174 2079 6f75 2061 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 at you also. \n-0004b2d0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 206f 7269 include the ori\n-0004b2e0: 6769 6e61 6c20 456e 676c 6973 6820 7665 ginal English ve\n-0004b2f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 rsion of this Li\n-0004b300: 6365 6e73 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cense and the. \n-0004b310: 2020 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 original vers\n-0004b320: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6e6f ions of those no\n-0004b330: 7469 6365 7320 616e 6420 6469 7363 6c61 tices and discla\n-0004b340: 696d 6572 732e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 imers. In case \n-0004b350: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 6772 of a. disagr\n-0004b360: 6565 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 eement between t\n-0004b370: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2061 he translation a\n-0004b380: 6e64 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 nd the original \n-0004b390: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 version of. \n-0004b3a0: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 206f 7220 this License or \n-0004b3b0: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 7220 6469 7363 a notice or disc\n-0004b3c0: 6c61 696d 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 laimer, the orig\n-0004b3d0: 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2077 696c inal version wil\n-0004b3e0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7661 696c 2e0a l. prevail..\n-0004b3f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 7469 . If a secti\n-0004b400: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 on in the Docume\n-0004b410: 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 nt is Entitled \"\n-0004b420: 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 Acknowledgements\n-0004b430: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 6174 \",. \"Dedicat\n-0004b440: 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 746f ions\", or \"Histo\n-0004b450: 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 ry\", the require\n-0004b460: 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 3429 ment (section 4)\n-0004b470: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 7276 to. Preserv\n-0004b480: 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 6563 e its Title (sec\n-0004b490: 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7970 tion 1) will typ\n-0004b4a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 ically require c\n-0004b4b0: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 hanging the. \n-0004b4c0: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e 0a0a actual title...\n-0004b4d0: 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 4f4e 9. 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Any other. \n-0004b570: 2020 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 6f70 attempt to cop\n-0004b580: 792c 206d 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 6c69 y, modify, subli\n-0004b590: 6365 6e73 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 cense or distrib\n-0004b5a0: 7574 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 ute the Document\n-0004b5b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c 2061 is. void, a\n-0004b5c0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 nd will automati\n-0004b5d0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 6520 cally terminate \n-0004b5e0: 796f 7572 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e 6465 your rights unde\n-0004b5f0: 7220 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 r this. Lice\n-0004b600: 6e73 652e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2070 nse. However, p\n-0004b610: 6172 7469 6573 2077 686f 2068 6176 6520 arties who have \n-0004b620: 7265 6365 6976 6564 2063 6f70 6965 732c received copies,\n-0004b630: 206f 7220 7269 6768 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 or rights,. \n-0004b640: 2066 726f 6d20 796f 7520 756e 6465 7220 from you under \n-0004b650: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2077 696c this License wil\n-0004b660: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 6972 l not have their\n-0004b670: 206c 6963 656e 7365 7320 7465 726d 696e licenses termin\n-0004b680: 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 736f 206c 6f6e ated. so lon\n-0004b690: 6720 6173 2073 7563 6820 7061 7274 6965 g as such partie\n-0004b6a0: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 2069 6e20 6675 6c6c s remain in full\n-0004b6b0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 compliance... \n-0004b6c0: 3130 2e20 4655 5455 5245 2052 4556 4953 10. FUTURE REVIS\n-0004b6d0: 494f 4e53 204f 4620 5448 4953 204c 4943 IONS OF THIS LIC\n-0004b6e0: 454e 5345 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2046 ENSE.. 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Such ne\n-0004b770: 770a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 w. versions \n-0004b780: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 will be similar \n-0004b790: 696e 2073 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 6865 in spirit to the\n-0004b7a0: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e present version\n-0004b7b0: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2064 , but may. d\n-0004b7c0: 6966 6665 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 6c20 iffer in detail \n-0004b7d0: 746f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 2070 to address new p\n-0004b7e0: 726f 626c 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e 6365 roblems or conce\n-0004b7f0: 726e 732e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c rns. See. <\n-0004b800: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n-0004b810: 7267 2f63 6f70 796c 6566 742f 3e2e 0a0a rg/copyleft/>...\n-0004b820: 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 696f Each versio\n-0004b830: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 n of the License\n-0004b840: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 7374 is given a dist\n-0004b850: 696e 6775 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 7369 inguishing versi\n-0004b860: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 on. number. \n-0004b870: 2049 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 If the Document\n-0004b880: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6861 7420 specifies that \n-0004b890: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206e 756d a particular num\n-0004b8a0: 6265 7265 640a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 bered. versi\n-0004b8b0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e on of this Licen\n-0004b8c0: 7365 2022 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 se \"or any later\n-0004b8d0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6170 706c 6965 version\" applie\n-0004b8e0: 7320 746f 2069 742c 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 s to it, you. \n-0004b8f0: 2020 6861 7665 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f have the optio\n-0004b900: 6e20 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 n of following t\n-0004b910: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e he terms and con\n-0004b920: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6569 7468 6572 206f ditions either o\n-0004b930: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 f. that spec\n-0004b940: 6966 6965 6420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f72 ified version or\n-0004b950: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 of any later ve\n-0004b960: 7273 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2062 rsion that has b\n-0004b970: 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 een. publish\n-0004b980: 6564 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 ed (not as a dra\n-0004b990: 6674 2920 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 ft) by the Free \n-0004b9a0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-0004b9b0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ion. 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We\n+00046d40: 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 have designed t\n+00046d50: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e 206f his License in o\n+00046d60: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2066 rder to use it f\n+00046d70: 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 0a20 or manuals for. \n+00046d80: 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 free softwar\n+00046d90: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 6520 e, because free \n+00046da0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 2066 software needs f\n+00046db0: 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree documentatio\n+00046dc0: 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2070 n: a. free p\n+00046dd0: 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f rogram should co\n+00046de0: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 me with manuals \n+00046df0: 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 7361 providing the sa\n+00046e00: 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 2020 me freedoms. \n+00046e10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 7761 that the softwa\n+00046e20: 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 7468 re does. But th\n+00046e30: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6e6f is License is no\n+00046e40: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n+00046e50: 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e 7561 software manua\n+00046e60: 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ls; it can be us\n+00046e70: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7475 ed for any textu\n+00046e80: 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 646c al work, regardl\n+00046e90: 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 626a ess. of subj\n+00046ea0: 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 7768 ect matter or wh\n+00046eb0: 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 626c ether it is publ\n+00046ec0: 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 6e74 ished as a print\n+00046ed0: 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 2020 ed book. We. \n+00046ee0: 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 recommend this\n+00046ef0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 License princip\n+00046f00: 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 ally for works w\n+00046f10: 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a hose purpose is.\n+00046f20: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e instruction\n+00046f30: 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a or reference...\n+00046f40: 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 1. APPLICABILI\n+00046f50: 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f TY AND DEFINITIO\n+00046f60: 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 NS.. This Li\n+00046f70: 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f cense applies to\n+00046f80: 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 206f any manual or o\n+00046f90: 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e ther work, in an\n+00046fa0: 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 y medium,. t\n+00046fb0: 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 206e hat contains a n\n+00046fc0: 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 otice placed by \n+00046fd0: 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f the copyright ho\n+00046fe0: 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 2063 lder saying it c\n+00046ff0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 7472 an. be distr\n+00047000: 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 ibuted under the\n+00047010: 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c terms of this L\n+00047020: 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6120 icense. Such a \n+00047030: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e notice. gran\n+00047040: 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c ts a world-wide,\n+00047050: 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 royalty-free li\n+00047060: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 cense, unlimited\n+00047070: 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 in duration,. \n+00047080: 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 to use that w\n+00047090: 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f ork under the co\n+000470a0: 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 nditions stated \n+000470b0: 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 herein. The. \n+000470c0: 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 \"Document\", be\n+000470d0: 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 low, refers to a\n+000470e0: 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f ny such manual o\n+000470f0: 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d r work. Any mem\n+00047100: 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ber. of the \n+00047110: 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 public is a lice\n+00047120: 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 nsee, and is add\n+00047130: 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e ressed as \"you\".\n+00047140: 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 You accept. \n+00047150: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 the license if\n+00047160: 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 you copy, modif\n+00047170: 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 y or distribute \n+00047180: 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 the work in a wa\n+00047190: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 y. requiring\n+000471a0: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 permission unde\n+000471b0: 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e r copyright law.\n+000471c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 .. A \"Modifi\n+000471d0: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 ed Version\" of t\n+000471e0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e he Document mean\n+000471f0: 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 s any work conta\n+00047200: 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 ining the. D\n+00047210: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 ocument or a por\n+00047220: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 tion of it, eith\n+00047230: 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 er copied verbat\n+00047240: 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 im, or with. \n+00047250: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 modifications a\n+00047260: 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 nd/or translated\n+00047270: 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 into another la\n+00047280: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nguage... A \n+00047290: 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 \"Secondary Secti\n+000472a0: 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 on\" is a named a\n+000472b0: 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f ppendix or a fro\n+000472c0: 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f nt-matter sectio\n+000472d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f n. of the Do\n+000472e0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c cument that deal\n+000472f0: 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 s exclusively wi\n+00047300: 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 th the relations\n+00047310: 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 hip of the. \n+00047320: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 publishers or au\n+00047330: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 thors of the Doc\n+00047340: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ument to the Doc\n+00047350: 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a ument's overall.\n+00047360: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 subject (or\n+00047370: 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 to related matt\n+00047380: 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ers) and contain\n+00047390: 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 s nothing that c\n+000473a0: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 ould. fall d\n+000473b0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 irectly within t\n+000473c0: 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a hat overall subj\n+000473d0: 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 ect. (Thus, if \n+000473e0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n+000473f0: 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 is in part a t\n+00047400: 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 extbook of mathe\n+00047410: 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 matics, a Second\n+00047420: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ary Section may \n+00047430: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e not. explain\n+00047440: 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 any mathematics\n+00047450: 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e .) The relation\n+00047460: 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 ship could be a \n+00047470: 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 matter of. h\n+00047480: 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 istorical connec\n+00047490: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 tion with the su\n+000474a0: 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 bject or with re\n+000474b0: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f lated matters, o\n+000474c0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c r. of legal,\n+000474d0: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 commercial, phi\n+000474e0: 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 losophical, ethi\n+000474f0: 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c cal or political\n+00047500: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 position. r\n+00047510: 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a egarding them...\n+00047520: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 The \"Invari\n+00047530: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 ant Sections\" ar\n+00047540: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 e certain Second\n+00047550: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f ary Sections who\n+00047560: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 se. titles a\n+00047570: 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 re designated, a\n+00047580: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 s being those of\n+00047590: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000475a0: 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ons, in the. \n+000475b0: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 notice that say\n+000475c0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n+000475d0: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n+000475e0: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n+000475f0: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 se.. 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A. 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For. \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 6f72 works in for\n+00047f20: 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 6e6f mats which do no\n+00047f30: 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 6c65 t have any title\n+00047f40: 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c 2022 page as such, \"\n+00047f50: 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 6522 Title. 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(Here X\n+000480b0: 595a 0a20 2020 2020 7374 616e 6473 2066 YZ. stands f\n+000480c0: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7365 or a specific se\n+000480d0: 6374 696f 6e20 6e61 6d65 206d 656e 7469 ction name menti\n+000480e0: 6f6e 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7375 6368 oned below, such\n+000480f0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 as. \"Acknow\n+00048100: 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 222c 2022 4465 ledgements\", \"De\n+00048110: 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7322 2c20 2245 6e64 dications\", \"End\n+00048120: 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 6f72 2022 orsements\", or \"\n+00048130: 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 History\".). \n+00048140: 546f 2022 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 To \"Preserve the\n+00048150: 2054 6974 6c65 2220 6f66 2073 7563 6820 Title\" of such \n+00048160: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7768 656e 2079 a section when y\n+00048170: 6f75 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 ou modify the. \n+00048180: 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e Document mean\n+00048190: 7320 7468 6174 2069 7420 7265 6d61 696e s that it remain\n+000481a0: 7320 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 6e74 s a section \"Ent\n+000481b0: 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 2061 6363 6f72 itled XYZ\" accor\n+000481c0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6869 ding. to thi\n+000481d0: 7320 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 s definition... \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 The Document\n+000481f0: 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2057 6172 may include War\n+00048200: 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 ranty Disclaimer\n+00048210: 7320 6e65 7874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e6f s next to the no\n+00048220: 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 tice. which \n+00048230: 7374 6174 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 states that this\n+00048240: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 License applies\n+00048250: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 to the Document\n+00048260: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 5761 . 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VERBATI\n+00048380: 4d20 434f 5059 494e 470a 0a20 2020 2020 M COPYING.. \n+00048390: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 636f 7079 2061 6e64 You may copy and\n+000483a0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 distribute the \n+000483b0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 6e20 616e 7920 Document in any \n+000483c0: 6d65 6469 756d 2c20 6569 7468 6572 0a20 medium, either. \n+000483d0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 commercially\n+000483e0: 206f 7220 6e6f 6e63 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 or noncommercia\n+000483f0: 6c6c 792c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7468 lly, provided th\n+00048400: 6174 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c at this License,\n+00048410: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7079 7269 the. copyri\n+00048420: 6768 7420 6e6f 7469 6365 732c 2061 6e64 ght notices, and\n+00048430: 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 the license not\n+00048440: 6963 6520 7361 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 ice saying this \n+00048450: 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 License. app\n+00048460: 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f 6375 lies to the Docu\n+00048470: 6d65 6e74 2061 7265 2072 6570 726f 6475 ment are reprodu\n+00048480: 6365 6420 696e 2061 6c6c 2063 6f70 6965 ced in all copie\n+00048490: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f 750a s, and that you.\n+000484a0: 2020 2020 2061 6464 206e 6f20 6f74 6865 add no othe\n+000484b0: 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2077 6861 r conditions wha\n+000484c0: 7473 6f65 7665 7220 746f 2074 686f 7365 tsoever to those\n+000484d0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n+000484e0: 2e20 2059 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 . 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\n-00000e10: 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt: \n+00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7074 gpt\n+00000df0: 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sync. \n+00000e00: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 (line 6).* h\n+00000e10: 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt: \n 00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c 742e 2020 2020 halt. \n-00000e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-00000e50: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d ine 6).* hashsum\n-00000e60: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e80: 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 hashsum. \n-00000e90: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-00000ea0: 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * help: \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 halt. \n+00000e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00000e50: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a ne 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(line 6\n-00000f30: 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 ).* initrd16: \n+00000f10: 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n+00000f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00000f30: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 .* initrd16: \n 00000f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 initr\n-00000f60: 6431 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d16. \n-00000f70: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 (line 6).* ins\n-00000f80: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+00000f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n+00000f60: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n+00000f70: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d (line 6).* insm\n+00000f80: 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od: \n 00000f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000fa0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 insmod. \n-00000fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-00000fc0: 2036 290a 2a20 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(l\n-00001770: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n-00001780: 6361 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cards: \n-00001790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000017a0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 net_ls_cards. \n-000017b0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-000017c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 * net_ls_dns: \n+00001750: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 net_ls_add\n+00001760: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 r. 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2020 2020 2020 \n-00001b50: 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 reboot. \n-00001b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-00001b70: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 e 6).* regexp: \n+00001b50: 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 reboot. \n+00001b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+00001b70: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 2020 6).* regexp: \n 00001b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-00001ba0: 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gexp. \n-00001bb0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-00001bc0: 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n+00001b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 reg\n+00001ba0: 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp. \n+00001bb0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+00001bc0: 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmod: \n 00001bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001be0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 rmmod. \n-00001bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-00001c00: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e ine 6).* save_en\n-00001c10: 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v: \n-00001c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001c30: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n-00001c40: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-00001c50: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * search: \n+00001be0: 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 rmmod. \n+00001bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00001c00: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ne 6).* save_env\n+00001c10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00001c30: 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ave_env. \n+00001c40: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+00001c50: 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n 00001c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e search.\n-00001c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001c90: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b (line 6).* sendk\n-00001ca0: 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey: \n+00001c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e20 search. \n+00001c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+00001c90: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 line 6).* sendke\n+00001ca0: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 00001cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001cc0: 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-00001cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-00001ce0: 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* serial: \n+00001cc0: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+00001cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00001ce0: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* serial: \n 00001cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 seria\n-00001d10: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00001d20: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 (line 6).* set\n-00001d30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+00001d10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00001d20: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 743a (line 6).* set:\n+00001d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00001d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d50: 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-00001d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-00001d70: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n+00001d50: 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+00001d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+00001d70: 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n 00001d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-00001da0: 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum. \n-00001db0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-00001dc0: 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ha256sum: \n+00001d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6131 sha1\n+00001da0: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n+00001db0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 (line 6).* sh\n+00001dc0: 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a256sum: \n 00001dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001de0: 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e sha256sum.\n-00001df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-00001e00: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ne 6).* sha512su\n-00001e10: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n-00001e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00001e30: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum. \n-00001e40: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-00001e50: 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n+00001de0: 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2e20 sha256sum. \n+00001df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+00001e00: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d e 6).* sha512sum\n+00001e10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n+00001e30: 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 a512sum. \n+00001e40: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+00001e50: 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n 00001e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 sleep. \n-00001e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-00001e90: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 line 6).* smbios\n-00001ea0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001e70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2020 sleep. \n+00001e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+00001e90: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a ine 6).* smbios:\n+00001ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00001eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001ec0: 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-00001ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-00001ee0: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 .* source: \n+00001ec0: 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+00001ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+00001ee0: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * source: \n 00001ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 source\n-00001f10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00001f20: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d (line 6).* subm\n-00001f30: 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu: \n+00001f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 652e source.\n+00001f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001f20: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 (line 6).* subme\n+00001f30: 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu: \n 00001f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001f50: 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 submenu. \n-00001f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-00001f70: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 6).* terminal_in\n-00001f80: 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put: \n-00001f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n-00001fa0: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 inal_input. \n-00001fb0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n-00001fc0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 rminal_output: \n+00001f50: 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n+00001f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+00001f70: 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ).* terminal_inp\n+00001f80: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+00001f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+00001fa0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 nal_input. \n+00001fb0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 (line 6).* ter\n+00001fc0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 2020 minal_output: \n 00001fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001fe0: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 terminal_ou\n-00001ff0: 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e tput. (lin\n-00002000: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a e 6).* terminfo:\n+00001fe0: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 terminal_out\n+00001ff0: 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 put. (line\n+00002000: 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a20 6).* terminfo: \n 00002010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-00002030: 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rminfo. \n-00002040: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-00002050: 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n+00002020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+00002030: 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minfo. \n+00002040: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n+00002050: 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est: \n 00002060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002070: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 2020 test. \n-00002080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-00002090: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 2020 ine 6).* true: \n+00002070: 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 2020 test. \n+00002080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00002090: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 2020 ne 6).* true: \n 000020a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000020b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000020c0: 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-000020d0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-000020e0: 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * trust: \n+000020b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+000020c0: 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue. \n+000020d0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+000020e0: 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n 000020f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 2e20 trust. \n-00002110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002120: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 (line 6).* unset\n-00002130: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00002100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e 2020 trust. \n+00002110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+00002120: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 743a line 6).* unset:\n+00002130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00002140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002150: 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-00002160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-00002170: 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ).* verify_detac\n-00002180: 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hed: \n-00002190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 verif\n-000021a0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 2020 y_detached. \n-000021b0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6964 (line 6).* vid\n-000021c0: 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eoinfo: \n+00002150: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+00002160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00002170: 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 .* verify_detach\n+00002180: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n+00002190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 6679 verify\n+000021a0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 2020 _detached. \n+000021b0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 6465 (line 6).* vide\n+000021c0: 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oinfo: \n 000021d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000021e0: 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e 2020 videoinfo. \n-000021f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-00002200: 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n+000021e0: 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2e20 2020 videoinfo. \n+000021f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+00002200: 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n 00002210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 726d wrm\n-00002230: 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr. \n-00002240: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 (line 6).* x\n-00002250: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 2020 en_hypervisor: \n+00002220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7772 6d73 wrms\n+00002230: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00002240: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 (line 6).* xe\n+00002250: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a20 2020 n_hypervisor: \n 00002260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002270: 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 xen_hyperv\n-00002280: 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 isor. (li\n-00002290: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ne 6).* xen_modu\n-000022a0: 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le: \n-000022b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 x\n-000022c0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 en_module. \n-000022d0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a0a (line 6)..\n+00002270: 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 xen_hypervi\n+00002280: 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e sor. (lin\n+00002290: 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c e 6).* xen_modul\n+000022a0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+000022b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 xe\n+000022c0: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 n_module. \n+000022d0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 0a (line 6)..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,510 +1,510 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 362e 3820 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 6.8 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3036 2c20 (version 2.06, \n-00000070: 3132 2046 6562 7275 6172 7920 3230 3235 12 February 2025\n-00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... Copyright\n-00000090: 2028 4329 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 (C).1999,2000,2\n-000000a0: 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 001,2002,2004,20\n-000000b0: 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 06,2008,2009,201\n-000000c0: 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 0,2011,2012,2013\n-000000d0: 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 Free.Software F\n-000000e0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a oundation, Inc..\n-000000f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e . Permission\n-00000100: 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 is granted to c\n-00000110: 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 opy, distribute \n-00000120: 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 and/or modify th\n-00000130: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 is. document\n-00000140: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-00000150: 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 of the GNU Free\n-00000160: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00000170: 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 icense,. 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7468 7f31 3530 3139 330a 4e6f 6465 path.150193.Node\n-000010c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e : net_default_in\n-000010d0: 7465 7266 6163 657f 3135 3034 3332 0a4e terface.150432.N\n-000010e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: net_default\n-000010f0: 5f69 707f 3135 3036 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a _ip.150652.Node:\n-00001100: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n-00001110: 7f31 3530 3834 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .150849.Node: ne\n-00001120: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-00001130: 7f31 3531 3034 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .151045.Node: pa\n-00001140: 6765 727f 3135 3132 3338 0a4e 6f64 653a ger.151238.Node:\n-00001150: 2070 7265 6669 787f 3135 3134 3934 0a4e prefix.151494.N\n-00001160: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 ode: pxe_blksize\n-00001170: 7f31 3531 3934 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .151943.Node: px\n-00001180: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00001190: 797f 3135 3231 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 y.152120.Node: p\n-000011a0: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-000011b0: 727f 3135 3233 3235 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 r.152325.Node: r\n-000011c0: 6f6f 747f 3135 3235 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a oot.152521.Node:\n-000011d0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 737f 3135 3330 superusers.1530\n-000011e0: 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 62.Node: theme.1\n-000011f0: 3533 3331 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 53310.Node: time\n-00001200: 6f75 747f 3135 3336 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a out.153631.Node:\n-00001210: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 timeout_style.1\n-00001220: 3534 3236 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 54268.Node: Envi\n-00001230: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b7f 3135 ronment block.15\n-00001240: 3436 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 4653.Node: Comma\n-00001250: 6e64 737f 3135 3630 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a nds.156085.Node:\n-00001260: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n-00001270: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3135 3639 3535 0a4e ommands.156955.N\n-00001280: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 ode: menuentry.1\n-00001290: 3537 3638 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 57683.Node: subm\n-000012a0: 656e 757f 3135 3932 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a enu.159224.Node:\n-000012b0: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-000012c0: 737f 3135 3937 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 s.159753.Node: s\n-000012d0: 6572 6961 6c7f 3136 3032 3439 0a4e 6f64 erial.160249.Nod\n-000012e0: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 e: terminal_inpu\n-000012f0: 747f 3136 3132 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 t.161288.Node: t\n-00001300: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 erminal_output.1\n-00001310: 3631 3935 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 61950.Node: term\n-00001320: 696e 666f 7f31 3632 3631 330a 4e6f 6465 info.162613.Node\n-00001330: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00001340: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00001350: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3633 3833 360a 4e6f mmands.163836.No\n-00001360: 6465 3a20 5b7f 3136 3931 3538 0a4e 6f64 de: [.169158.Nod\n-00001370: 653a 2061 6370 697f 3136 3933 3430 0a4e e: acpi.169340.N\n-00001380: 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: authenticat\n-00001390: 657f 3137 3036 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 e.170623.Node: b\n-000013a0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f ackground_color.\n-000013b0: 3137 3130 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 171050.Node: bac\n-000013c0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 657f 3137 kground_image.17\n-000013d0: 3137 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 1723.Node: badra\n-000013e0: 6d7f 3137 3232 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 m.172267.Node: b\n-000013f0: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 7f31 3733 3635 320a locklist.173652.\n-00001400: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 7f31 3733 3838 Node: boot.17388\n-00001410: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 747f 3137 3432 6.Node: cat.1742\n-00001420: 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 08.Node: chainlo\n-00001430: 6164 6572 7f31 3734 3834 320a 4e6f 6465 ader.174842.Node\n-00001440: 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3137 3534 3638 0a4e : clear.175468.N\n-00001450: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 ode: cmosclean.1\n-00001460: 3735 3635 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 75654.Node: cmos\n-00001470: 6475 6d70 7f31 3735 3935 380a 4e6f 6465 dump.175958.Node\n-00001480: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3736 3235 : cmostest.17625\n-00001490: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3137 3636 3.Node: cmp.1766\n-000014a0: 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 11.Node: configf\n-000014b0: 696c 657f 3137 3731 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a ile.177162.Node:\n-000014c0: 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3737 3538 370a 4e6f cpuid.177587.No\n-000014d0: 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3137 3831 3538 0a4e de: crc.178158.N\n-000014e0: 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 ode: cryptomount\n-000014f0: 7f31 3738 3433 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 .178432.Node: cu\n-00001500: 746d 656d 7f31 3739 3432 300a 4e6f 6465 tmem.179420.Node\n-00001510: 3a20 6461 7465 7f31 3830 3239 390a 4e6f : date.180299.No\n-00001520: 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f31 de: devicetree.1\n-00001530: 3830 3834 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 80843.Node: dist\n-00001540: 7275 7374 7f31 3831 3338 350a 4e6f 6465 rust.181385.Node\n-00001550: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f31 3832 3136 : drivemap.18216\n-00001560: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f31 3832 6.Node: echo.182\n-00001570: 3936 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f31 967.Node: eval.1\n-00001580: 3833 3930 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 83906.Node: expo\n-00001590: 7274 7f31 3834 3138 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 rt.184189.Node: \n-000015a0: 6661 6c73 657f 3138 3435 3030 0a4e 6f64 false.184500.Nod\n-000015b0: 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f31 3834 3739 e: gettext.18479\n-000015c0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 637f 6.Node: gptsync.\n-000015d0: 3138 3532 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 185243.Node: hal\n-000015e0: 747f 3138 3631 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 t.186188.Node: h\n-000015f0: 6173 6873 756d 7f31 3836 3531 370a 4e6f ashsum.186517.No\n-00001600: 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f31 3837 3733 330a de: help.187733.\n-00001610: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3838 Node: initrd.188\n-00001620: 3230 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 200.Node: initrd\n-00001630: 3136 7f31 3838 3633 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 16.188635.Node: \n-00001640: 696e 736d 6f64 7f31 3839 3136 390a 4e6f insmod.189169.No\n-00001650: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3138 de: keystatus.18\n-00001660: 3933 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 9391.Node: linux\n-00001670: 7f31 3930 3032 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .190024.Node: li\n-00001680: 6e75 7831 367f 3139 3039 3237 0a4e 6f64 nux16.190927.Nod\n-00001690: 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 767f 3139 3136 e: list_env.1916\n-000016a0: 3431 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 41.Node: list_tr\n-000016b0: 7573 7465 647f 3139 3230 3035 0a4e 6f64 usted.192005.Nod\n-000016c0: 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 767f 3139 3235 e: load_env.1925\n-000016d0: 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 88.Node: loadfon\n-000016e0: 747f 3139 3432 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c t.194257.Node: l\n-000016f0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f 3139 3436 3238 0a4e oopback.194628.N\n-00001700: 6f64 653a 206c 737f 3139 3530 3734 0a4e ode: ls.195074.N\n-00001710: 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 7f31 3935 ode: lsfonts.195\n-00001720: 3631 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 616.Node: lsmod.\n-00001730: 3139 3537 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 195798.Node: md5\n-00001740: 7375 6d7f 3139 3539 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.195988.Node:\n-00001750: 206d 6f64 756c 657f 3139 3632 3637 0a4e module.196267.N\n-00001760: 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7f31 ode: multiboot.1\n-00001770: 3936 3537 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 96579.Node: nati\n-00001780: 7665 6469 736b 7f31 3937 3638 380a 4e6f vedisk.197688.No\n-00001790: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 3938 3038 de: normal.19808\n-000017a0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7.Node: normal_e\n-000017b0: 7869 747f 3139 3838 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a xit.198854.Node:\n-000017c0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f 3139 3931 3736 parttool.199176\n-000017d0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 647f .Node: password.\n-000017e0: 3230 3036 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 200682.Node: pas\n-000017f0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 3030 sword_pbkdf2.200\n-00001800: 3936 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 7f32 964.Node: play.2\n-00001810: 3031 3337 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 01372.Node: prob\n-00001820: 657f 3230 3231 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 e.202120.Node: r\n-00001830: 646d 7372 7f32 3032 3539 380a 4e6f 6465 dmsr.202598.Node\n-00001840: 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3033 3338 310a 4e6f : read.203381.No\n-00001850: 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3033 3732 de: reboot.20372\n-00001860: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 7f32 5.Node: regexp.2\n-00001870: 3033 3930 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 03908.Node: rmmo\n-00001880: 647f 3230 3434 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 d.204443.Node: s\n-00001890: 6176 655f 656e 767f 3230 3436 3336 0a4e ave_env.204636.N\n-000018a0: 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3230 3536 ode: search.2056\n-000018b0: 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 56.Node: sendkey\n-000018c0: 7f32 3036 3432 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .206424.Node: se\n-000018d0: 747f 3231 3238 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 t.212812.Node: s\n-000018e0: 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3133 3131 340a 4e6f ha1sum.213114.No\n-000018f0: 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f 3231 de: sha256sum.21\n-00001900: 3333 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3399.Node: sha51\n-00001910: 3273 756d 7f32 3133 3639 380a 4e6f 6465 2sum.213698.Node\n-00001920: 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3231 3339 3935 0a4e : sleep.213995.N\n-00001930: 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3231 3435 ode: smbios.2145\n-00001940: 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 657f 15.Node: source.\n-00001950: 3231 3735 3238 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 217528.Node: tes\n-00001960: 747f 3231 3830 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 t.218081.Node: t\n-00001970: 7275 657f 3232 3038 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a rue.220850.Node:\n-00001980: 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3231 3133 360a 4e6f trust.221136.No\n-00001990: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3232 3139 3236 de: unset.221926\n-000019a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 .Node: verify_de\n-000019b0: 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3232 3134 300a 4e6f tached.222140.No\n-000019c0: 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f 3232 de: videoinfo.22\n-000019d0: 3331 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 3183.Node: wrmsr\n-000019e0: 7f32 3233 3436 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 .223461.Node: xe\n-000019f0: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 7f32 3234 n_hypervisor.224\n-00001a00: 3237 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 275.Node: xen_mo\n-00001a10: 6475 6c65 7f32 3234 3733 360a 4e6f 6465 dule.224736.Node\n-00001a20: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00001a30: 6d61 6e64 737f 3232 3532 3630 0a4e 6f64 mands.225260.Nod\n-00001a40: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f e: net_add_addr.\n-00001a50: 3232 3632 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 226282.Node: net\n-00001a60: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3236 3830 320a _add_dns.226802.\n-00001a70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Node: net_add_ro\n-00001a80: 7574 657f 3232 3730 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.227078.Node:\n-00001a90: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3237 3630 net_bootp.22760\n-00001aa0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6.Node: net_del_\n-00001ab0: 6164 6472 7f32 3237 3937 310a 4e6f 6465 addr.227971.Node\n-00001ac0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3232 : net_del_dns.22\n-00001ad0: 3832 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 8211.Node: net_d\n-00001ae0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3238 3435 380a el_route.228458.\n-00001af0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 Node: net_dhcp.2\n-00001b00: 3238 3639 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 28692.Node: net_\n-00001b10: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f get_dhcp_option.\n-00001b20: 3233 3036 3731 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 230671.Node: net\n-00001b30: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 _ipv6_autoconf.2\n-00001b40: 3331 3135 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 31152.Node: net_\n-00001b50: 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3233 3135 3733 0a4e ls_addr.231573.N\n-00001b60: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n-00001b70: 737f 3233 3138 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.231821.Node: n\n-00001b80: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3233 3230 3537 et_ls_dns.232057\n-00001b90: 0a4e 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6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 7f32 Node: password.2\n+000017e0: 3030 3638 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 00680.Node: pass\n+000017f0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 327f 3230 3039 word_pbkdf2.2009\n+00001800: 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 3230 62.Node: play.20\n+00001810: 3133 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 1370.Node: probe\n+00001820: 7f32 3032 3131 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .202118.Node: rd\n+00001830: 6d73 727f 3230 3235 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.202596.Node:\n+00001840: 2072 6561 647f 3230 3333 3739 0a4e 6f64 read.203379.Nod\n+00001850: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3230 3337 3233 e: reboot.203723\n+00001860: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 3230 .Node: regexp.20\n+00001870: 3339 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3906.Node: rmmod\n+00001880: 7f32 3034 3434 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .204441.Node: sa\n+00001890: 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3034 3633 340a 4e6f ve_env.204634.No\n+000018a0: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3035 3635 de: search.20565\n+000018b0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 797f 4.Node: sendkey.\n+000018c0: 3230 3634 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 206422.Node: set\n+000018d0: 7f32 3132 3831 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .212810.Node: sh\n+000018e0: 6131 7375 6d7f 3231 3331 3132 0a4e 6f64 a1sum.213112.Nod\n+000018f0: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 3133 e: sha256sum.213\n+00001900: 3339 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 397.Node: sha512\n+00001910: 7375 6d7f 3231 3336 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.213696.Node:\n+00001920: 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3133 3939 330a 4e6f sleep.213993.No\n+00001930: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3134 3531 de: smbios.21451\n+00001940: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 7f32 3.Node: source.2\n+00001950: 3137 3532 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 17526.Node: test\n+00001960: 7f32 3138 3037 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .218079.Node: tr\n+00001970: 7565 7f32 3230 3834 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.220848.Node: \n+00001980: 7472 7573 747f 3232 3131 3334 0a4e 6f64 trust.221134.Nod\n+00001990: 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3231 3932 340a e: unset.221924.\n+000019a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n+000019b0: 6163 6865 647f 3232 3231 3338 0a4e 6f64 ached.222138.Nod\n+000019c0: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 3233 e: videoinfo.223\n+000019d0: 3138 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 727f 181.Node: wrmsr.\n+000019e0: 3232 3334 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 223459.Node: xen\n+000019f0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 727f 3232 3432 _hypervisor.2242\n+00001a00: 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 73.Node: xen_mod\n+00001a10: 756c 657f 3232 3437 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a ule.224734.Node:\n+00001a20: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+00001a30: 616e 6473 7f32 3235 3235 380a 4e6f 6465 ands.225258.Node\n+00001a40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 : net_add_addr.2\n+00001a50: 3236 3238 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 26280.Node: net_\n+00001a60: 6164 645f 646e 737f 3232 3638 3030 0a4e add_dns.226800.N\n+00001a70: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ode: net_add_rou\n+00001a80: 7465 7f32 3237 3037 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 te.227076.Node: \n+00001a90: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3232 3736 3034 net_bootp.227604\n+00001aa0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 .Node: net_del_a\n+00001ab0: 6464 727f 3232 3739 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a ddr.227969.Node:\n+00001ac0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3238 net_del_dns.228\n+00001ad0: 3230 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 209.Node: net_de\n+00001ae0: 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3232 3834 3536 0a4e l_route.228456.N\n+00001af0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3232 ode: net_dhcp.22\n+00001b00: 3836 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 8690.Node: net_g\n+00001b10: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 et_dhcp_option.2\n+00001b20: 3330 3636 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 30669.Node: net_\n+00001b30: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3233 ipv6_autoconf.23\n+00001b40: 3131 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 1150.Node: net_l\n+00001b50: 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3331 3537 310a 4e6f s_addr.231571.No\n+00001b60: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n+00001b70: 7f32 3331 3831 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .231819.Node: ne\n+00001b80: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3332 3035 350a t_ls_dns.232055.\n+00001b90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n+00001ba0: 7465 737f 3233 3232 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a tes.232286.Node:\n+00001bb0: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3233 net_nslookup.23\n+00001bc0: 3234 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 2493.Node: Inter\n+00001bd0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f nationalisation.\n+00001be0: 3233 3237 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 232777.Node: Sec\n+00001bf0: 7572 6974 797f 3233 3936 3039 0a4e 6f64 urity.239609.Nod\n+00001c00: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+00001c10: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+00001c20: 696f 6e7f 3234 3031 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a ion.240185.Node:\n+00001c30: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00001c40: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3234 3333 3031 ignatures.243301\n+00001c50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 .Node: UEFI secu\n+00001c60: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00001c70: 7f32 3436 3537 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .246571.Node: Se\n+00001c80: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00001c90: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3437 ed Targeting.247\n+00001ca0: 3731 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 718.Node: Measur\n+00001cb0: 6564 2042 6f6f 747f 3234 3837 3439 0a4e ed Boot.248749.N\n+00001cc0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3235 ode: Lockdown.25\n+00001cd0: 3037 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 0714.Node: Platf\n+00001ce0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f orm limitations.\n+00001cf0: 3235 3132 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 251207.Node: Pla\n+00001d00: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00001d10: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3235 3932 3136 perations.259216\n+00001d20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 .Node: Supported\n+00001d30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3630 3238 310a kernels.260281.\n+00001d40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00001d50: 6f74 696e 677f 3236 3739 3138 0a4e 6f64 oting.267918.Nod\n+00001d60: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+00001d70: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00001d80: 6c6c 7f32 3638 3138 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ll.268188.Node: \n+00001d90: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+00001da0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+00001db0: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3237 3131 3937 0a4e ng GRUB.271197.N\n+00001dc0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001dd0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f32 3731 3832 ub-install.27182\n+00001de0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 8.Node: Invoking\n+00001df0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f32 grub-mkconfig.2\n+00001e00: 3733 3939 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 73998.Node: Invo\n+00001e10: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00001e20: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3237 3436 3335 wd-pbkdf2.274635\n+00001e30: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001e40: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f32 grub-mkrelpath.2\n+00001e50: 3735 3239 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 75294.Node: Invo\n+00001e60: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00001e70: 7565 7f32 3736 3036 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.276067.Node: \n+00001e80: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+00001e90: 756e 747f 3237 3738 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.277816.Node:\n+00001ea0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+00001eb0: 726f 6265 7f32 3830 3836 350a 4e6f 6465 robe.280865.Node\n+00001ec0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001ed0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f32 3833 script-check.283\n+00001ee0: 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 459.Node: Obtain\n+00001ef0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+00001f00: 2047 5255 427f 3238 3432 3033 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.284203.Nod\n+00001f10: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00001f20: 737f 3238 3534 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 s.285446.Node: F\n+00001f30: 7574 7572 657f 3238 3832 3632 0a4e 6f64 uture.288262.Nod\n+00001f40: 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 e: Copying This \n+00001f50: 4d61 6e75 616c 7f32 3838 3636 320a 4e6f Manual.288662.No\n+00001f60: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00001f70: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00001f80: 7365 7f32 3838 3839 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.288890.Node: \n+00001f90: 496e 6465 787f 3331 3234 3335 0a1f 0a45 Index.312435...E\n+00001fa0: 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a nd Tag Table....\n+00001fb0: 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a Local Variables:\n+00001fc0: 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 .coding: utf-8.E\n+00001fd0: 6e64 3a0a nd:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}